en GENERAL ENGLISH - STUDY MATERIAL SEMESTER- II I. THE OPEN WINDOW SAKI (H.H MUNRO) Saki was a British writer. His writing is best known for satirical portrayal. The story "The Open Window" describes how one's nerves affect his/her personality. Frampton Nuttel suffers from a nervous condition. He has come to his sister's home to spend some time alone. His sister started introducing neighbours to get relaxation. Frampton first visit is to the Mrs. Sapleton house. But Sapleton was not in the house. Her husband and two younger brothers went out for their usual shooting. They would return by the evening. The Stapleton’s niece Vera, a girl of about fifteen years received Frampton and gave him company till Stapleton came back. On the seeing the open window, Frampton casually asked that why the window door was opened. Then Vera created a story to disturb him. She says that "three years ago, Mrs. Simpleton’s husband and two younger brothers went to forest on a hunting trip and never returned, Heartbroken aunt always watches out the window by expecting their return." When the girl was telling the story, Mrs. Stapleton came back. She told Nuttel that she was waiting for her husband and brothers. After some time, she tells Nuttel that they have returned. Nuttel turned to look out of the window. He saw three men walking towards the window. A tired brown spaniel (dog) was with them. He suspected that the three men were ghosts because he dipped in Vera story. Nuttel cached his stick and hat wildly and ran out of the house. Mrs. Stapleton doesn't understand Nuttel's strange behaviour. Here theyor Niece calmly said that he ran out because of the Spaniel as he had a horror of dogs. According this story, we could understand that Vera has cheated Mr. Nuttel. This is displayed with the last line of the story: "Romance at short notice was Vera's specialty." II.THE VOICE OF HUMANITY RABINDRANATH TAGORE X 7 May 1861 -7 Aug1941; sobriquet ( Gurudev, Kobiguru, Biswakobi) was an Indian polymath - poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer and painter. X Aleader of Brahmo Samaj, a new religious movement 19th century. X Educated at home X He went to England to study X He joined in the Indian National Moment X Agreat friend of M.K. Gandhi Notable works Gitanjali Ghare-Baire Gora Jana Gana Mana Rabindra Sangeet Amar Shonar Banglayor Notable awards Nobel Prize in Literature 1913 The Voice of Humanity’ is a speech made in Milan by the great Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore during his visit to Italy. First he felt sorry for using English which neither his nor the Italians language. Tagore said that he visited Europe as a pilgrimage to meet the European mind which was fully awake. He praised the great poets, heroes and the ideal Europe literature which was full of love of freedom and humanity. Tagore recollected his boyhood memories with an Italian town, Brindisi. He also appreciated the beauty and hospitality of an Italian girl. Afterwards he explained the conditions which made him to go to England for his studies. Tagore said that he felt lonely and unable to adjust in England. After few months he returned from England. He explained the youngsters of Italy that he avoided the standardized educational training. Tagore started his creative work like writing verses, stories and plays. Tagore told that he love the children most and decided to start a beautiful and secluded spot which is close to Mother Nature. When he was busy in doing service to children, he got a call of pilgrimage. Rabindranath Tagore said that he started his second visit to Europe. He praised the beauty of Europe and patriotism, nationalism of the European people. He appealed them to know the right spirit of humanity and patience. He offered homage to Europe for its gift of science. After that Tagore told them that progress in the name of science should not destroy the human spirit and its joy of living. Tagore appealed the people of Italy to grow their volume for the survival of humanity.yor Ill. IF RUDYARD KIPLING The poem ‘if’ by Rudyard Kipling is an inspirational one. It contains a set of rules for a better and more meaningful life. It is an advice by a father to his son on how to behave in the world. This advice is applicable to all youngsters. The poet advises his son that he should be undisturbed when he is blamed for no fault of his. People may doubt his honesty and nobility. He should have confidence in himself. He should be brave enough to face all difficulties. He should always be truthful. He should neither hate others nor be hated by others. He should not try to look too good or talk too wise. The poet tells his son that a man should dream, but he can live on just his dreams. He must act. Thoughts and thinking are important as well; but there is more to life. Winning is easy. Losing is hard. Both aspects of life are faced by a person. A man must learn how to handle both situations with grace and go on with his life. Sometimes a person learns that people will twist what a person has said and use it against him. A man may also have something that he has built torn down by fools. The only thing to do is to kneel down and use whatever tools he has and rebuild what has been broken. Kipling tells his son that Risk and loss are a part of life. If he loses all what he has gained, he should not be dispirited. He should gather his courage and try to regain it. Never discuss the loss with anyone. He should work hard and become a perfect man. He should hold on to his principles. His will power would lead him to success. He should make full use of the time. The poet advises his son not to lose his noble qualities whenever he mixes with common people. Must not forget the common people while moving with rich and wealthy people. He should rise to such a great height that neither enemies nor loving friends can harm you. If he follows his advice, he will have a rewarding and enriching life. He will have everything he can wish for.ot IV. RIDERS TO THE SEA 1.M SYNGE John Millington Synge (16 April 1871 - 24 March 1909) was an Irish playwright, poet, writer, collector of folklore, and a key figure in the Irish Literary Revival. Synge was born on 16 April 1871, in Newtown Villas, Rathfarnham, County Dublin, the youngest of eight children of upper-middle-class. Synge's father died from smallpox in 1872 at the age of 49. He was buried on his son's first birthday. Synge was educated at home and at times at schools in Dublin and Bray, and later studied piano, flute, violin, music theory and counterpoint at the Royal Irish Academy of Music. He met W. B. Yeats, who encouraged him to live for a while in the Aran Islands, and then return to Dublin and devote himself to creative work. His Works The Shadow of the Glen, 1903 Riders to the Sea, 1904 The Well of the Saints, 1905 The Aran Islands, 1907 (The book at wikisource: The Aran Islands) The Playboy of the Western World, 1907 The Tinker's Wedding, 1908 Poems and Translations, 1909yor In Wicklow and West Kerry, 1912 Deirdre of the Sorrows, 1910 ‘Riders to the Sea’ is a one-act play. It was inspired by Synge's hearing the story of a man whose body was found washed up on the shore of the Aran Islands, The play begins with Nora bringing in a small bundle with her and telling Cathleen that these may be the clothes of their brother Michael. The young priest told her a body of a drowned man was found at Donegal, and the body might be Michael's. The sisters do not want to show their mother, Maurya. Michael has been missing ra week and the family had already lost five men to the sea. They hide the bundle in the turf loft of the cottage. Maurya is a woman who is seen lamenting all the time and worrying that her sons will never come back from the sea. Bartley, her only surviving son also planning to go the sea to sell the family horses so they could get some money. Maurya tries to stop him, but he says he wants to make a halter for the horses. Bartley leaves without receiving any blessings from his mother. Bartley leaves with a red mare and a grey pony tied behind. Maurya leaves using a stick that Michael brought. She saw the ghost of Michael behind the Barley with grey pony. She comes back and tells her daughters that she saw Michael on the grey pony; she could not bless Bartley due to the shock. Nora and Cathleen show Maurya the clothes. Islanders bring the body of Bartley into the cottage and tell the women that the grey pony knocked Bartley into the sea. Maurya sprinkles holy water on him. Maurya prays that the souls of her husband, her husband's father, and four sons may rest in peace.rer I. TIME MANAGEMENT-SOFT SKILLS What is time management? Time Management plays a pivotal role in one’s personal as well as professional life. Why do we need time management? To function effectively To save time To reduce stress To increase our work output How to use time effectively? Effective Planning Setting smart goals Setting deadlines Prioritizing activities as per their importance Realize That Time Management Is a Myth Spending the right time on the right activity This is the first thing you have to understand about time management, that no matter how organized we are, there are always only 24 hours in a day. Time doesn't change. All we can actually manage is ourselves and what we do with the time that we have. Appreciate this. Internaliz And move on as soon as possible to the next tip. Find out Where You're Wasting Timeyor * Many of us are prey to time-wasters that steal time we could be using much more productively. What are your time bandits? Do you spend too much time Internet, reading email, Face book posting, texting, or making personal calls? Create Time Management Goals + Remember, the focus of time management is actually changing your behaviours, not changing time. A good place to start is by eliminating your personal time-wasters. For one week, for example, set a goal that you're not going to take personal phone calls or respond to non-work related text messages while you're working. Your Time Belongs to You © The most important time management tip of all. You can be in control and accomplish what you want to accomplish — once you've come to grips with the time management myth and taken control of your time. II. LEADERSHIP SKILLS - SOFT SKILLS What is leadership? 2 The action of leading a group of people or an organization. 2 Leadership is a process of social influence, which maximizes the efforts of others, towards the achievement of a goal Understand yourself ¢ Analyze yourself and understand your strengths and weaknesses — this is the first step towards understanding others. Know your abilities and utilize them to deliver goals efficiently. Play your strengths and improve on your weaknesses. Take initiatives and accept responsibilitiesyor Atypical boss outsources all roles to the team as and when they come, but a good leader doesn’t wait around for others to get things started, instead they act on opportunities, set an example and work ‘with’ the team towards completion of goals. Be enthusiastic and optimistic: Positive energy is contagious, and so is the lack of it. If people see their leader working enthusiastically, they will follow your lead. Inspire your team to work efficiently and develop an optimistic work environment. Be passionate This is a major trait in any leader. Would you look up to someone for guidance if they did not truly care about the goals of the team? Of course not! Great leaders are not just focused on getting team members to finish the tasks; they have a genuine passion and enthusiasm for the projects they work on. Discipline Discipline is a must for execution of a plan, even if your idea and vision is excellent, it is useless without proper discipline in the team. To be a good leader, exercise self-discipline and others will follow your lead. Communicate clearly and openly Communication is defined as the transfer of information from a sender to a receiver. Leader’s responsibility is a clear channel of communication. Confident A leader must be confident and inspire confidence in others. Positive attitude Leaders can inspire others through a positive attitude.yor 2 Aleader must be a good role model. A leader must be inspiring his or her coworkers. ° III. STRESS MANAGEMENT-SOFT SKILLS What is stress? Inspire ° Stress is a feeling of emotional or physical tension. It can come from any event or thought that makes you feel frustrated, angry, or nervous. There are several ways in which we can deal successfully with stress © Regular physical exercise such as walking, jogging, aerobics, swimming, cycling and dancing, will give us joy and also help you fight stress. ° Laughter is an effective way of fighting stress. ° Awealthy and balanced diet equips the body to fight the negative effects of stress. ° Avoid alcohol, cigarettes and caffeine. © Prioritize our tasks and have a systematic plan to execute them. > Try to get at least six hours of sleep every night. 2 Yoga and meditation are relaxation techniques that you help cope with stress. ° Social relationship with friends and relatives will develop love and help us to cope with stress. 2 Seek medical help if you feel physically and mentally unwell. IV. ETIQUETTE AND GROOMING-SOFT SKILLS Etiquette refers to polite and courteous behavior that is considered acceptable in work or social situations, If you behave well and exhibit good manners, then people are likely to remember you in a positive way.en Listed below are a few examples of good work etiquette 1. be punctual 2. Greet colleagues with a smile and a handshake. Remember to be friendly. 3. Keep your workspace neat and tidy. 4. Do not invade your colleagues’ office space without permission. 5. Do not speak loudly or disturb others when answering phone calls. 6. be honest and fair when trying to resolve issues. ~ . Listen to others and try to help them with their problems. 9 . Do not try to avoid responsibilities or shirk duties. © . Respect other people's feelings. 10. Do not damage office property. Grooming refers to your cleanliness and how appropriately you dress. It plays an important role in a work environment and with regard to how we interact with people in both social and professional settings. Here are some guidelines for being well groomed. 1. Pay special attention to personal hygiene and cleanliness. 2. Dress in clothes that fit you well and reflect your age and personality. In a working environment, you must take care to dress professionally. 3. Dress neatly, in clothes that are clean and ironed. 4. If you wish to use perfume or aftershave, use one sparingly so that you do not overwhelm those around you. 5. Try to maintain a good posture by sitting straight and walking confidently.S.VENKAT ENGLISH TRAINER NAGARJUNA GOVERNMENT COLLEGE (A) NALGONDAEnglish for Enhanced Competence SEMESTER II | PLOSIVES (PRONUNCIATION } a) Identify the plosives in the following sentences. 1. Jack pulled up a pail of water. Ans: pail 2. He played with a ball all by himself. ‘Ans: ball 3. Tom and Dick were galloping playfully. ‘Ans: galloping, playfully 4, Meeda paid her bills at the town booth. Ans: paid, bills, booth 5S. The dam was about to burst due to the flood waters. ‘Ans: dam, burst ILFRICATIVES (PR 1) Circle the/f/ sound and box the /v/ sound inghe follo jords® Phobia HT Vine Iv Phosphate Wave Iv/ bi [ff River Staff a Fe 7 Nephew Circle the /_/ sound and box sourid.in the following words. Thought northern Youth d earth Breathe Circle th 1e /Z / sound in the following words. Scien Boss ref Husband {z/ Acid Dogs 727 Disease 727 Race Rose [27 Lazy (21 Circle the / id and box the /_/sound in the following words: ‘Sugar mesh pleasure Nation mirage passion Fusion @venKAT engLISH Trainer, Nagarjuna Government CollegeCircle the / h / sound in the following words: Behind Thy Hide fh/ heart Thy Perhaps Ta ‘Ahead Th] hold 7Th/ Il AFFRICATES AND NASALS ( PRONUNCIATION } Identify the affricates in the following sentences. 1. The shopkeeper didn't charge me much for these shoes. ‘Ans: ch, ge, ch He is a master of chess. Ans: ch 3. She wore a ruby chain to the party. Ans: ch 4, Her father tried his best to make her go the gym every da ~~) not budget. Ans: g, ge 5 He appears to be a charlatan; do not trust him Ans: No affricate NASALSPRON' f Identify the nasals in the following sente 1 ‘The pen is in the main top drawer of th@table. Ans: A, n,m,n, 2, The men in blue carried af Ans: mn,n, 3. Whereis the main door t Ans: m,n 4. Will you make me alate OP Ans: mm 5. This is the pagcAlou nged to carry with you to the mess. IV LATERALS ( PRONUNCIATION ) Semivt Vowel ( syllabic ) Palatal lant Close front un rounded vowel) labio-palat: imant) Close front rounded vowel) Velar approximant) Close back un rounded vowel) labiovelar approximant) Close back rounded vowel) @venKAT engLISH Trainer, Nagarjuna Government CollegeINON - FINITE VERBS (GRAMMAR } Find out the non finite Verbs in the sentences given below. 1. We picked up the scattered coins. Ans: picked (finite) scattered (non finite) 2. Teresa sat reading in corner of the room. ‘Ans: reading ( non finite ) 3. Vijay stepped on the broken glass pieces and cried in pain. Ans: _ stepped (finite) broken (non Finite) The boy entered the house soaking wet. Ans: — entered (finite) soaking (non finite) 5S. Trekking is an exciting activity. ‘Ans: trekking (non finite) exciting ( non finite) 6 Romana added boiling water to the tea leaves. ‘Ans: added (finite) boiling ( non finite ) 7. Together was happy to go to school. Ans: — to go (non finite } 8 Dentists recommend brushing after every me: Ans: brushing ( non finite ) The children longed to eat ice cream. ‘Ans: longed (finite ) 10, Malu gave me a beautifull Ans: gave (finite) Fill in the blanks with appr 1. Suresh is an... ft Ans: hones 2 2: @venKAT engLISH Trainer, Nagarjuna Government CollegeIll ADVERB ( GRAMMAR ) Pick out the adverbs in the following and identify their type. 1, Thisis very sweet mango. ‘Ans: very ( adverb of manner) 2. The milkman came again. ‘Ans: again ( adverb of time) 3. The puppy followed Manju everywhere. ‘Ans: everywhere ( adverb of place) Our soldiers fought bravely. Ans: bravely ( adverb of manner) 5. You may be partly right but does it solve our problem. ‘Ans: partly ( adverb of degree) 6 We usually have the English class at 11 a.m. ‘Ans: usually (adverb of time) IV ARTICLES ( GRAI Fill in the blanks in the sentences with a, an or the. If the,blank sp: need any of the three words, indicate this with an X. 1. suns peacock is in danger of extin Ans: the 2. Could you get me. 3. yong the tourists, 4. 5. n her way home. She took... wallet to the police station. Ans: ers from becoming extinct. 7. ... breakfast. 8 jutiful sight to see....... Brahmaputra in the rainy season. Ans: "a, the 9. This is a painting of .... Western Ghats, and that is a photograph of...... Mahabaleshwar peak. Ans: X,X 10. You must reach........ School before 9 a.m Ans: the @venKAT engLISH Trainer, Nagarjuna Government College| SIMILE AND METAPHOR ( VOCABULARY ) Identify similies and metaphors in the following, and mark them as required. 1. The camelis the ship of the desert. ‘Ans: camel- ship (metaphor) 2. She is reaching for the stars. Ans: _ stars (metaphor) 3. Gameis like a bubble. Ans: like - ( simile) Asis the father, so is the son. Ans: as (simile) 5. The sonis the reflective image of the father. ‘Ans: _ son- image ( metaphor ) 6 Ababyis like a flower. > Ans: like (simile) Ed His child is his world. Ans: child- world (metaphor) 8. Machines are now the rulers of the universe. ‘Ans: machines- rulers ( metapt I OXYMORON AND'HYPERBOLE ( VOCABULARY ) the fol |. Try to Identify the OXYMORON in e: 1. | like a smuggler. He is thélhone: Ans: honest their 2. And faith unfaithful kept Je. 3. id fa8hioned. 4 5. thing. ing nothing ML Und ‘oxymorons in the sentences given below. 1 35 filled with a deafening silence. deafening silence 2. The clown was seriously funny. Ans: _ seriously funny You are clearly confused by the explanation. ‘Ans: clearly confused @venKAT engLISH Trainer, Nagarjuna Government College4. Did you bring the original copy. ‘Ans: Original copy 5. Sheis deeply superficial. ‘Ans: deeply superficial 6 That dog is pretty ugly. Ans: pretty ugly 7. She let out a quiet scream. ‘Ans: quiet scream 8 The design is composed of an irregular pattern. Ans: irregular pattern Il, Underline HYPERBOLIC expressions in the sentences given bel 1. We had to wait forever for the bus. Ans: wait forever 2 | have a million things to do. Ans: jon things 3. I could sleep for a year. ‘Ans: see for a year 4, It was the most amazing sight eve Ans: most amazing 5 |lam so hungry | could eat a hi Ans: could eat a hors 6. Ihave told you a huni ‘Ans: hundred times es toWesh the dishes. =AU WORDS ( VOCABULARY ) ‘Leducation + entertainment Juans edutainment | 2.parachute + troops ‘Ans: paratroops 3.fan+ Magazi ‘Ans: fanzine 4, mother + hotel ‘Ans:motel 5. Oxford + ige) _| Ans: Oxbridge 6. Camera recorder ‘Ans: camcorder Ans:telethone __| 8 web+ log ‘Ans: blog Ansimedicare 10. ipod + broadcasting | Ans: podcasting 12. brunch + breakfast ‘Ans: lunch 14. infomercial + | information __| Ans: commercial 16. adflation+ _| advertising Ans: inflation T7-beautility + Beauty 18. blog + web ‘Ans: log 19. diplonomics + _| Diplomacy ‘Ans: economics _| 20. Ecommerce + | electronic ‘Ans: commerce 21. Email + Electronic ‘Ans:mail 22. faction + fact ‘Ans: fiction 23. gasohol + Gasoline Ans: alcohol 24, Hi-tech + high ‘Ans: technology. @venKAT engLISH Trainer, Nagarjuna Government College 625. internet + International 26. Interpol + international | Ans: police 27. jackpot + Jack 28. Jaywalk + iy ‘Ans:walk 29. laundromat + _| Laundry 30.Medicare+ | Medical ‘Ans:care 31. modem + Modulator ‘Ans: demodulator | 32.Netquette+ _| internet ‘Ans: netquette 33, netzen + Internet ‘Ans:citizen 34. Oxbridge+ __| Oxford ‘Ans: Cambridge 35. paratroop + Parachute Ans: troop) 36. SciFit scient ‘Ans: fiction 37. telecast + Television 38. telecom + phor ‘Ans: communication 39. transistor + Transfer 40. vash + al ‘Ans: ash \V LOAN WORDS ( VOCABULAR\ Borrowed from Arabic | Algebra algorithm aléohol Borrowed from Arabic _ | Aubergine Calcium faravan Borrowed from Arabic _| Cipher Saffron Borrowed from African _| Safari Zombie Borrowed from Chinese | Chopsuey Chopsticks Borrowed from Chinese | Kowtow Borrowed from Dutch _ | Apartheid Bi Cookie Borrowed from Dutch _ | Cricket Dredge P (VOCABULARY ) Text book examples: 1. Malayalam 2. Aman 3. 9) Was it a car or a cat | sa A Some Examples of palig@P8miCWyord: 1) noon 2) civie 3) vel 5}otor 6) kayak 7) reviver 8) racecar 9) redder 10) madam af jama's 1 Use of ie and ei ( SPELLING ) Panama 6) race car 7) stack cats 8) put it up ing using ie or ei Answer SLNo | Word Answer | SLNo | Word “Answer Believe 2 Cone...ve | Conceive | 3 Perceive Receive 5 L...sure 6 Field Fierce 8 9 Deceive Weird [Hor 2 Pier @venKAT engLISH Trainer, Nagarjuna Government College 7B Seizure 14__[Financ..r [Financier [15 [Misch..vous | Mischievous 16 ‘Achieve 17__[ Sh... Sheik 18_[Surv..liance | Surveillance 19 Counterfeit 20 [Fmt Feint 2 Protein 2 Their 2B (Dud Died 24_| Spec... Species 25 Glacier 26 _[t..sure _| Leisure I WORDS ENDING WITH ‘able’ and ‘ible' ( SPELLI Complete the following with able or ible SLNo_| Word ‘Answer SINo | Word 1 Convert. Convertible 2 Digest...5 3 Palat... Palatable 4 Miser... 5 ‘Answe ‘Answerable é Perceil 7 do. Doable a P, Passable 9 Aru. Arguable 10 Believable IL WORDS ENDING(WITH THESOFFIXES \ SPELLING ) Complete the following using one onthe s: ic ive, ity al, ance, ence SiNo | Word No Word Answer 1 Proverb... 2 Deliver... Deliverance 3 Real. 4 Provinci....__ | Provincial 5 Perman. 6 Disappear... _ | Disappearance 7 Negativ.... a Posit... Positive 9 Myip.. 10 Secret Secretive nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs: (SPELLING ) 1 uns ending with ‘er’ b] animated c) breaker d) builder d) farmer 2 ive adverbs ending with 'ly’ al b) desperately c) customarily d) severely e) moodily 3. Writ jive adjectives ending with ‘ing’ a) alarming b) aggravating c) amusing d) annoying e) boring 4. Write any five Verbs ending with ‘ed’ 2) baked b)smiled —_—_¢) freed 4d) dyed ) travelled | COLON ( :) ( PUNCTUATION ) @venKAT engliSH Trainer, Nagarjuna Government College 8Rewrite using the necessary semi colons. 4 Rewrite using the necessary colons. | have enrolled for the following courses maths physics computer science. ‘Ans: Shave enrollment for the following courses: maths, physics and computer science. Sachin said "This is the best match | have played’. ‘Ans: Sachin said:' This is the best match I have played’. Students please note no books or papers are allowed into the examination hi ‘Ans: Students please note: no books or papers are allowed into the e1 Bhavana mentioned two important rules Do not turn around to see ‘Ans: Bhavana mentioned two important rules: Do not turn arqunthto see ai nswer any call He explained this is the method of introducing spoken engligtyin the lass through the use of audio CDs and language lab work ‘Ans: He explained: this is the method of introducing 5 ri he class through the use audio CDs and language lab work. ISEMI COLON ( ; ) on My mother drinks a glass of bitter uice every Morning it helps her diabetes in check. ‘Ans: My mother drinks a f bitter check. The guard gave the si jok the engine the train was about to Puff out of the station. Ans: The guard g: driver took the engine the train was about to Puff out of the station. The match wa ing Bne both teams played badly. Ans: Thi as diséppointing one; both teams played badly. i garden path she saw butterflies and grasshoppers she felt like je two groups met for the debate; it took off with great show, but ended very late. She took the bus she arrived late. ‘Ans; She took the bus; she arrived late. Meeda encountered an issue with her boss accordingly, the bus terminated her appointment. ‘Ans: Meeda encountered an issue with her boss; accordingly, the boss terminated her 3. @venKAT engLISH Trainer, Nagarjuna Government College8 The college offered quite a few courses in humanities, science and management it was difficult to make a decision. ‘Ans: The college offered quite a few courses in humanities,sciences and management; it was difficult to make a decision. 9, The students were ready the question papers were distributed the teacher rang the bell to start. Ans: The students were ready; the question papers were distributed; the tgacher rang the bell to start, IM HYPEN (-) OR DASH (_ )( PUNCTUATION Rewrite the following, using hyphens where necessary. 1. My mother in law is the principal of St Ann's school. ‘Ans: My mother-in-law is the principal of St Ann's school 2. This is a very well mannered child, ‘Ans: This is a very well-mannered child. 3. The children arrive usually at five thirty five pm. ‘Ans: The children arrive usually at five - thirty fivglpm. 4, Charan has finished three quarters of his work, ‘Ans: Charan has finished three - quarters rk. 5. We are getting a six seater cab to airport. Ans: We are getting a six- the point. 6. The car took a sudden U turn. Ans: The car took a su 7, Her work shows pro ‘Ans: Her work shows 8 Harish is the better, a , ‘Ans: Harish isthe better é gymnast. DASH (_) ( PUNCTUATION ) Use commas and di her@necessary in the following sentences. 1 199 tRBGS is coming down next week. A ly SOMWho is in the US, is coming down next week. 2 rofessional chess player is also interested in music but that is a hobby. joshan_a professional chess-player, is also interested in music but that is a hobby. 3. Th redictably enough was a disappointment. Ans: The movie_predictly enough, was a disappointment. 4, I thought it was a good novel almost could not put it down. ‘Ans: I thought _ it was a good novel _almost could not put it down. 5. The rain battered down relentless for hours on end. ‘Ans: The rain battered down _ relentless for hours on end. @venKAT engLISH Trainer, Nagarjuna Government College 10IV INVERTED COMMA (" ) ( PUNCTUATION ) Rewrite the following with inverted commas in the places. 1 Take this route, shouted the man. ‘Ans: ‘Take this route’, shouted the man. Trifles make perfection sai the professor to the class. Ans: ‘Trifles make perfection’ said the professor to the class. All of us know the famous line of Shakespeare's: Fragility, thy name is w« ‘Ans: All of us know the famous line of Shakespeare's: ‘fraility , thy The students came back from the class and said the teacher told th Ans: The students came back from the class and said ' the teacRey t holiday’ Mr. Sastriis, as they say, a man of principle. ‘Ans: Mr. Sastriis, as they, ' a man of principle’. SS @venKAT engLISH Trainer, Nagarjuna Government College 1