Nle Reviewer

Nursing Crib – Student Nurses’ Community 1
LEGAL NOTICES
Copyright:
All contents copyright C 2009-2012 by NursingCrib.com. All rights reserved. No

part of this document or the related files may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form, by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without
the prior written permission of the publisher.
Limit of Liability and Disclaimer of Warranty:
The publisher has used its best efforts in preparing this ebook, and the
information provided herein is provided "as is." NursingCrib.com makes no
representation or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the
contents of this ebook and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of
merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose and shall in no event be
liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage, including but not
limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Trademarks:
This ebook identifies product names and services known to be trademarks,

registered trademarks, or service marks of their respective holders. They are
used throughout this ebook in an educational purpose only. In addition, terms
suspected of being trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks have
been appropriately capitalized, although NursingCrib.com cannot attest to the
accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded
as affecting the validity of any trademark, registered trademark, or service mark.
NursingCrib.com is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this
ebook.

IMPORTANT NOTE FROM THE AUTHOR
Sharing this Document:
There was a lot of work that went into putting this document. I can't tell you how
many countless hours are spent putting this reviewers altogether. That means
that this information has value, and your friends, neighbors, and co-workers may
want to share it.
The information in this document is copyrighted. I would ask that you do not
share this information with others. You purchased this ebook, and you have a
right to use it on your system. Another person who has not purchased this ebook
does not have that right. It is the sales of this valuable information that makes the
continued publishing of this ebook. If enough people disregard that simple
economic fact, this Nursing Board Exam Reviewer ebook will no longer be viable
or available.
If your friends think this information is valuable enough to ask you for it, they
should think it is valuable enough to purchase on their own. After all, the price is
low enough that just about anyone should be able to afford it.
It should go without saying that you cannot post this document or the
information it contains on any electronic bulletin board, Web site, FTP site,
newsgroup, or ... well, you get the idea. The only place from which this
document should be available is the Nursing Crib’s Web site. If you want an
original copy, visit NursingCrib.com at this address:
http://nursingcrib.com/nursing-board-exam- reviewer/

Table of Contents
Part 1 Mock Board Examination

Test Scope/Coverage
Nursing Practice I Foundation of Nursing, Nursing Research, Professional
Adjustment, Leadership and Management
Nursing Practice II Maternal and Child Health, Community Health Nursing,
Communicable Diseases, Integrated Management of
Childhood Illness
Nursing Practice III Medical and Surgical Nursing
Nursing Practice IV Medical and Surgical Nursing
Nursing Practice V Psychiatric Nursing
Part 2
Nursing Practice I-V Answers and Rationale
Part 3 Selected Practice Test from Nursing Crib’s website

Practice Test 1 Foundation of Nursing
Answers and Rationale
Practice Test 2 Maternal and Child Health
Practice Test 3 Medical Surgical Nursing
Practice Test 4 Psychiatric Nursing

PART I
NURSING PRACTICE I
Foundation of Professional Nursing

Practice

TEST I - Foundation of Professional Nursing Practice
1. The nurse In-charge in labor and delivery unit administered a dose of

terbutaline to a client without checking the client’s pulse. The standard
that would be used to determine if the nurse was negligent is:
a. The physician’s orders.

b. The action of a clinical nurse specialist who is recognized expert
in the field.
c. The statement in the drug literature about administration
of terbutaline.
d. The actions of a reasonably prudent nurse with similar
education and experience.
2. Nurse Trish is caring for a female client with a history of GI bleeding,

sickle cell disease, and a platelet count of 22,000/μl. The female client is
dehydrated and receiving dextrose 5% in half-normal saline solution at
150 ml/hr. The client complains of severe bone pain and is scheduled to
receive a dose of morphine sulfate. In administering the medication,
Nurse Trish should avoid which route?
a. I.V
b. I.M
c. Oral
d. S.C
3. Dr. Garcia writes the following order for the client who has been
recently admitted “Digoxin .125 mg P.O. once daily.” To prevent a
dosage error, how should the nurse document this order onto the
medication administration record?
a. “Digoxin .1250 mg P.O. once daily”

b. “Digoxin 0.1250 mg P.O. once daily”
c. “Digoxin 0.125 mg P.O. once daily”
d. “Digoxin .125 mg P.O. once daily”
4. A newly admitted female client was diagnosed with deep vein

thrombosis. Which nursing diagnosis should receive the highest priority?
a. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to venous congestion.

b. Risk for injury related to edema.
c. Excess fluid volume related to peripheral vascular disease.
d. Impaired gas exchange related to increased blood flow.

5. Nurse Betty is assigned to the following clients. The client that the
nurse would see first after endorsement?
a. A 34 year-old post operative appendectomy client of five hours

who is complaining of pain.
b. A 44 year-old myocardial infarction (MI) client who is complaining
of nausea.
c. A 26 year-old client admitted for dehydration whose intravenous
(IV) has infiltrated.
d. A 63 year-old post operative’s abdominal hysterectomy client
of three days whose incisional dressing is saturated with
serosanguinous fluid.
6. Nurse Gail places a client in a four-point restraint following orders from

the physician. The client care plan should include:
a. Assess temperature frequently.

b. Provide diversional activities.
c. Check circulation every 15-30 minutes.
d. Socialize with other patients once a shift.
7. A male client who has severe burns is receiving H2 receptor

antagonist therapy. The nurse In-charge knows the purpose of this
therapy is to:
a. Prevent stress ulcer

b. Block prostaglandin synthesis
c. Facilitate protein synthesis.
d. Enhance gas exchange
8. The doctor orders hourly urine output measurement for a postoperative

male client. The nurse Trish records the following amounts of output for 2
consecutive hours: 8 a.m.: 50 ml; 9 a.m.: 60 ml. Based on these
amounts, which action should the nurse take?
a. Increase the I.V. fluid infusion rate

b. Irrigate the indwelling urinary catheter
c. Notify the physician
d. Continue to monitor and record hourly urine output
9. Tony, a basketball player twist his right ankle while playing on the court
and seeks care for ankle pain and swelling. After the nurse applies ice
to the ankle for 30 minutes, which statement by Tony suggests that ice
application has been effective?
a. “My ankle looks less swollen now”.

b. “My ankle feels warm”.

c. “My ankle appears redder now”.
d. “I need something stronger for pain relief”
10. The physician prescribes a loop diuretic for a client. When

administering this drug, the nurse anticipates that the client may
develop which electrolyte imbalance?
a. Hypernatremia
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Hypokalemia
d. Hypervolemia
11. She finds out that some managers have benevolent-authoritative style of
management. Which of the following behaviors will she exhibit most
likely?
a. Have condescending trust and confidence in their subordinates.

b. Gives economic and ego awards.
c. Communicates downward to staffs.
d. Allows decision making among subordinates.
12. Nurse Amy is aware that the following is true about functional nursing
a. Provides continuous, coordinated and comprehensive

nursing services.
b. One-to-one nurse patient ratio.
c. Emphasize the use of group collaboration.
d. Concentrates on tasks and activities.
13. Which type of medication order might read "Vitamin K 10 mg I.M. daily ×
3 days?"
a. Single order
b. Standard written order
c. Standing order
d. Stat order
14. A female client with a fecal impaction frequently exhibits which

clinical manifestation?
a. Increased appetite
b. Loss of urge to defecate
c. Hard, brown, formed stools
d. Liquid or semi-liquid stools

15. Nurse Linda prepares to perform an otoscopic examination on a female
client. For proper visualization, the nurse should position the client's
ear by:
a. Pulling the lobule down and back

b. Pulling the helix up and forward
c. Pulling the helix up and back
d. Pulling the lobule down and forward
16. Which instruction should nurse Tom give to a male client who is
having external radiation therapy:
a. Protect the irritated skin from sunlight.

b. Eat 3 to 4 hours before treatment.
c. Wash the skin over regularly.
d. Apply lotion or oil to the radiated area when it is red or sore.
17. In assisting a female client for immediate surgery, the nurse In-charge
is aware that she should:
a. Encourage the client to void following preoperative medication.

b. Explore the client’s fears and anxieties about the surgery.
c. Assist the client in removing dentures and nail polish.
d. Encourage the client to drink water prior to surgery.
18. A male client is admitted and diagnosed with acute pancreatitis after a
holiday celebration of excessive food and alcohol. Which assessment
finding reflects this diagnosis?
a. Blood pressure above normal range.

b. Presence of crackles in both lung fields.
c. Hyperactive bowel sounds
d. Sudden onset of continuous epigastric and back pain.
19. Which dietary guidelines are important for nurse Oliver to implement
in caring for the client with burns?
a. Provide high-fiber, high-fat diet

b. Provide high-protein, high-carbohydrate diet.
c. Monitor intake to prevent weight gain.
d. Provide ice chips or water intake.
20. Nurse Hazel will administer a unit of whole blood, which

priority information should the nurse have about the client?
a. Blood pressure and pulse rate.

b. Height and weight.
c. Calcium and potassium levels
d. Hgb and Hct levels.
21. Nurse Michelle witnesses a female client sustain a fall and suspects that
the leg may be broken. The nurse takes which priority action?
a. Takes a set of vital signs.

b. Call the radiology department for X-ray.
c. Reassure the client that everything will be alright.
d. Immobilize the leg before moving the client.
22. A male client is being transferred to the nursing unit for admission after
receiving a radium implant for bladder cancer. The nurse in-charge
would take which priority action in the care of this client?
a. Place client on reverse isolation.

b. Admit the client into a private room.
c. Encourage the client to take frequent rest periods.
d. Encourage family and friends to visit.
23. A newly admitted female client was diagnosed with agranulocytosis.

The nurse formulates which priority nursing diagnosis?
a. Constipation
b. Diarrhea
c. Risk for infection
d. Deficient knowledge
24. A male client is receiving total parenteral nutrition suddenly

demonstrates signs and symptoms of an air embolism. What is the
priority action by the nurse?
a. Notify the physician.

b. Place the client on the left side in the Trendelenburg position.
c. Place the client in high-Fowlers position.
d. Stop the total parenteral nutrition.
25. Nurse May attends an educational conference on leadership styles. The

nurse is sitting with a nurse employed at a large trauma center who
states that the leadership style at the trauma center is task-oriented and
directive. The nurse determines that the leadership style used at the
trauma center is:
a. Autocratic.
b. Laissez-faire.

c. Democratic.
d. Situational
26. The physician orders DS 500 cc with KCl 10 mEq/liter at 30 cc/hr. The
nurse in-charge is going to hang a 500 cc bag. KCl is supplied 20
mEq/10 cc. How many cc’s of KCl will be added to the IV solution?
a. .5 cc
b. 5 cc
c. 1.5 cc
d. 2.5 cc
27. A child of 10 years old is to receive 400 cc of IV fluid in an 8 hour

shift. The IV drip factor is 60. The IV rate that will deliver this amount
is:
a. 50 cc/ hour
b. 55 cc/ hour
c. 24 cc/ hour
d. 66 cc/ hour
28. The nurse is aware that the most important nursing action when a
client returns from surgery is:
a. Assess the IV for type of fluid and rate of flow.

b. Assess the client for presence of pain.
c. Assess the Foley catheter for patency and urine output
d. Assess the dressing for drainage.
29. Which of the following vital sign assessments that may

indicate cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction?
a. BP – 80/60, Pulse – 110 irregular

b. BP – 90/50, Pulse – 50 regular
c. BP – 130/80, Pulse – 100 regular
d. BP – 180/100, Pulse – 90 irregular
30. Which is the most appropriate nursing action in obtaining a blood

pressure measurement?
a. Take the proper equipment, place the client in a comfortable

position, and record the appropriate information in the client’s
chart.
b. Measure the client’s arm, if you are not sure of the size of cuff
to use.
c. Have the client recline or sit comfortably in a chair with the
forearm at the level of the heart.

d. Document the measurement, which extremity was used, and
the position that the client was in during the measurement.
31. Asking the questions to determine if the person understands the health
teaching provided by the nurse would be included during which step of
the nursing process?
a. Assessment
b. Evaluation
c. Implementation
d. Planning and goals
32. Which of the following item is considered the single most important
factor in assisting the health professional in arriving at a diagnosis or
determining the person’s needs?
a. Diagnostic test results

b. Biographical date
c. History of present illness
d. Physical examination
33. In preventing the development of an external rotation deformity of the

hip in a client who must remain in bed for any period of time, the most
appropriate nursing action would be to use:
a. Trochanter roll extending from the crest of the ileum to the

mid- thigh.
b. Pillows under the lower legs.
c. Footboard
d. Hip-abductor pillow
34. Which stage of pressure ulcer development does the ulcer extend into
the subcutaneous tissue?
a. Stage I
b. Stage II
c. Stage III
d. Stage IV
35. When the method of wound healing is one in which wound edges are
not surgically approximated and integumentary continuity is restored by
granulations, the wound healing is termed
a. Second intention healing

b. Primary intention healing
c. Third intention healing

d. First intention healing
36. An 80-year-old male client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of

pneumonia. Nurse Oliver learns that the client lives alone and hasn’t
been eating or drinking. When assessing him for dehydration, nurse
Oliver would expect to find:
a. Hypothermia
b. Hypertension
c. Distended neck veins
d. Tachycardia
37. The physician prescribes meperidine (Demerol), 75 mg I.M. every 4

hours as needed, to control a client’s postoperative pain. The package
insert is “Meperidine, 100 mg/ml.” How many milliliters of meperidine
should the client receive?
a. 0.75
b. 0.6
c. 0.5
d. 0.25
38. A male client with diabetes mellitus is receiving insulin. Which statement
correctly describes an insulin unit?
a. It’s a common measurement in the metric system.

b. It’s the basis for solids in the avoirdupois system.
c. It’s the smallest measurement in the apothecary system.
d. It’s a measure of effect, not a standard measure of weight
or quantity.
39. Nurse Oliver measures a client’s temperature at 102° F. What is

the equivalent Centigrade temperature?
a. 40.1 °C
b. 38.9 °C
c. 48 °C
d. 38 °C
40. The nurse is assessing a 48-year-old client who has come to the
physician’s office for his annual physical exam. One of the first
physical signs of aging is:
a. Accepting limitations while developing assets.

b. Increasing loss of muscle tone.
c. Failing eyesight, especially close vision.

d. Having more frequent aches and pains.
41. The physician inserts a chest tube into a female client to treat a
pneumothorax. The tube is connected to water-seal drainage. The
nurse in-charge can prevent chest tube air leaks by:
a. Checking and taping all connections.

b. Checking patency of the chest tube.
c. Keeping the head of the bed slightly elevated.
d. Keeping the chest drainage system below the level of the chest.
42. Nurse Trish must verify the client’s identity before administering
medication. She is aware that the safest way to verify identity is
to:
a. Check the client’s identification band.
b. Ask the client to state his name.
c. State the client’s name out loud and wait a client to repeat it.
d. Check the room number and the client’s name on the bed.
43. The physician orders dextrose 5 % in water, 1,000 ml to be infused over 8

hours. The I.V. tubing delivers 15 drops/ml. Nurse John should run the
I.V. infusion at a rate of:
a. 30 drops/minute
b. 32 drops/minute
c. 20 drops/minute
d. 18 drops/minute
44. If a central venous catheter becomes disconnected accidentally,

what should the nurse in-charge do immediately?
a. Clamp the catheter

b. Call another nurse
c. Call the physician
d. Apply a dry sterile dressing to the site.
45. A female client was recently admitted. She has fever, weight loss, and
watery diarrhea is being admitted to the facility. While assessing the
client, Nurse Hazel inspects the client’s abdomen and notice that it is
slightly concave. Additional assessment should proceed in which order:
a. Palpation, auscultation, and percussion.

b. Percussion, palpation, and auscultation.
c. Palpation, percussion, and auscultation.
d. Auscultation, percussion, and palpation.

46. Nurse Betty is assessing tactile fremitus in a client with pneumonia. For
this examination, nurse Betty should use the:
a. Fingertips
b. Finger pads
c. Dorsal surface of the hand
d. Ulnar surface of the hand
47. Which type of evaluation occurs continuously throughout the teaching and
learning process?
a. Summative
b. Informative
c. Formative
d. Retrospective
48. A 45 year old client, has no family history of breast cancer or other
risk factors for this disease. Nurse John should instruct her to have
mammogram how often?
a. Twice per year

b. Once per year
c. Every 2 years
d. Once, to establish baseline
49. A male client has the following arterial blood gas values: pH 7.30; Pao2
89 mmHg; Paco2 50 mmHg; and HCO3 26mEq/L. Based on these values,
Nurse Patricia should expect which condition?
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic acidosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis
50. Nurse Len refers a female client with terminal cancer to a local
hospice. What is the goal of this referral?
a. To help the client find appropriate treatment options.

b. To provide support for the client and family in coping with
terminal illness.
c. To ensure that the client gets counseling regarding health
care costs.
d. To teach the client and family about cancer and its treatment.

51. When caring for a male client with a 3-cm stage I pressure ulcer on
the coccyx, which of the following actions can the nurse institute
independently?
a. Massaging the area with an astringent every 2 hours.

b. Applying an antibiotic cream to the area three times per day.
c. Using normal saline solution to clean the ulcer and applying
a protective dressing as necessary.
d. Using a povidone-iodine wash on the ulceration three times
per day.
52. Nurse Oliver must apply an elastic bandage to a client’s ankle and calf.
He should apply the bandage beginning at the client’s:
a. Knee
b. Ankle
c. Lower thigh
d. Foot
53. A 10 year old child with type 1 diabetes develops diabetic ketoacidosis
and receives a continuous insulin infusion. Which condition represents
the greatest risk to this child?
a. Hypernatremia
b. Hypokalemia
c. Hyperphosphatemia
d. Hypercalcemia
54. Nurse Len is administering sublingual nitrglycerin (Nitrostat) to the

newly admitted client. Immediately afterward, the client may experience:
a. Throbbing headache or dizziness

b. Nervousness or paresthesia.
c. Drowsiness or blurred vision.
d. Tinnitus or diplopia.
55. Nurse Michelle hears the alarm sound on the telemetry monitor. The
nurse quickly looks at the monitor and notes that a client is in a ventricular
tachycardia. The nurse rushes to the client’s room. Upon reaching the
client’s bedside, the nurse would take which action first?
a. Prepare for cardioversion

b. Prepare to defibrillate the client
c. Call a code
d. Check the client’s level of consciousness

56. Nurse Hazel is preparing to ambulate a female client. The best and
the safest position for the nurse in assisting the client is to stand:
a. On the unaffected side of the client.

b. On the affected side of the client.
c. In front of the client.
d. Behind the client.
57. Nurse Janah is monitoring the ongoing care given to the potential
organ donor who has been diagnosed with brain death. The nurse
determines that the standard of care had been maintained if which of
the following data is observed?
a. Urine output: 45 ml/hr

b. Capillary refill: 5 seconds
c. Serum pH: 7.32
d. Blood pressure: 90/48 mmHg
58. Nurse Amy has an order to obtain a urinalysis from a male client with an
indwelling urinary catheter. The nurse avoids which of the following,
which contaminate the specimen?
a. Wiping the port with an alcohol swab before inserting the syringe.
b. Aspirating a sample from the port on the drainage bag.
c. Clamping the tubing of the drainage bag.
d. Obtaining the specimen from the urinary drainage bag.
59. Nurse Meredith is in the process of giving a client a bed bath. In the
middle of the procedure, the unit secretary calls the nurse on the
intercom to tell the nurse that there is an emergency phone call. The
appropriate nursing action is to:
a. Immediately walk out of the client’s room and answer the

phone call.
b. Cover the client, place the call light within reach, and answer
the phone call.
c. Finish the bed bath before answering the phone call.
d. Leave the client’s door open so the client can be monitored and
the nurse can answer the phone call.
60. Nurse Janah is collecting a sputum specimen for culture and sensitivity
testing from a client who has a productive cough. Nurse Janah plans to
implement which intervention to obtain the specimen?
a. Ask the client to expectorate a small amount of sputum into

the emesis basin.

b. Ask the client to obtain the specimen after breakfast.
c. Use a sterile plastic container for obtaining the specimen.
d. Provide tissues for expectoration and obtaining the specimen.
61. Nurse Ron is observing a male client using a walker. The nurse
determines that the client is using the walker correctly if the
client:
a. Puts all the four points of the walker flat on the floor, puts weight
on the hand pieces, and then walks into it.
b. Puts weight on the hand pieces, moves the walker forward,
and then walks into it.
c. Puts weight on the hand pieces, slides the walker forward, and
then walks into it.
d. Walks into the walker, puts weight on the hand pieces, and
then puts all four points of the walker flat on the floor.
62. Nurse Amy has documented an entry regarding client care in the client’s
medical record. When checking the entry, the nurse realizes that
incorrect information was documented. How does the nurse correct this
error?
a. Erases the error and writes in the correct information.

b. Uses correction fluid to cover up the incorrect information
and writes in the correct information.
c. Draws one line to cross out the incorrect information and
then initials the change.
d. Covers up the incorrect information completely using a black
pen and writes in the correct information
63. Nurse Ron is assisting with transferring a client from the operating
room table to a stretcher. To provide safety to the client, the nurse
should:
a. Moves the client rapidly from the table to the stretcher.

b. Uncovers the client completely before transferring to the stretcher.
c. Secures the client safety belts after transferring to the stretcher.
d. Instructs the client to move self from the table to the stretcher.
64. Nurse Myrna is providing instructions to a nursing assistant assigned

to give a bed bath to a client who is on contact precautions. Nurse
Myrna instructs the nursing assistant to use which of the following
protective items when giving bed bath?
a. Gown and goggles

b. Gown and gloves
c. Gloves and shoe protectors
d. Gloves and goggles
65. Nurse Oliver is caring for a client with impaired mobility that occurred as a
result of a stroke. The client has right sided arm and leg weakness. The
nurse would suggest that the client use which of the following assistive
devices that would provide the best stability for ambulating?
a. Crutches
b. Single straight-legged cane
c. Quad cane
d. Walker
66. A male client with a right pleural effusion noted on a chest X-ray is being
prepared for thoracentesis. The client experiences severe dizziness
when sitting upright. To provide a safe environment, the nurse assists the
client to which position for the procedure?
a. Prone with head turned toward the side supported by a pillow.

b. Sims’ position with the head of the bed flat.
c. Right side-lying with the head of the bed elevated 45 degrees.
d. Left side-lying with the head of the bed elevated 45 degrees.
67. Nurse John develops methods for data gathering. Which of the following
criteria of a good instrument refers to the ability of the instrument to
yield the same results upon its repeated administration?
a. Validity
b. Specificity
c. Sensitivity
d. Reliability
68. Harry knows that he has to protect the rights of human research
subjects. Which of the following actions of Harry ensures anonymity?
a. Keep the identities of the subject secret

b. Obtain informed consent
c. Provide equal treatment to all the subjects of the study.
d. Release findings only to the participants of the study
69. Patient’s refusal to divulge information is a limitation because it is

beyond the control of Tifanny”.
What type of research is appropriate for this study?
a. Descriptive- correlational
b. Experiment
c. Quasi-experiment
d. Historical

70. Nurse Ronald is aware that the best tool for data gathering is?
a. Interview schedule
b. Questionnaire
c. Use of laboratory data
d. Observation
71. Monica is aware that there are times when only manipulation of study
variables is possible and the elements of control or randomization are
not attendant. Which type of research is referred to this?
a. Field study
b. Quasi-experiment
c. Solomon-Four group design
d. Post-test only design
72. Cherry notes down ideas that were derived from the description of
an investigation written by the person who conducted it. Which type
of reference source refers to this?
a. Footnote
b. Bibliography
c. Primary source
d. Endnotes
73. When Nurse Trish is providing care to his patient, she must remember
that her duty is bound not to do doing any action that will cause the patient
harm. This is the meaning of the bioethical principle:
a. Non-maleficence
b. Beneficence
c. Justice
d. Solidarity
74. When a nurse in-charge causes an injury to a female patient and the
injury caused becomes the proof of the negligent act, the presence of the
injury is said to exemplify the principle of:
a. Force majeure
b. Respondeat superior
c. Res ipsa loquitor
d. Holdover doctrine

75. Nurse Myrna is aware that the Board of Nursing has quasi-judicial
power. An example of this power is:
a. The Board can issue rules and regulations that will govern
the practice of nursing
b. The Board can investigate violations of the nursing law and code
of ethics
c. The Board can visit a school applying for a permit in
collaboration with CHED
d. The Board prepares the board examinations
76. When the license of nurse Krina is revoked, it means that she:
a. Is no longer allowed to practice the profession for the rest of her life
b. Will never have her/his license re-issued since it has been revoked
c. May apply for re-issuance of his/her license based on
certain conditions stipulated in RA 9173
d. Will remain unable to practice professional nursing
77. Ronald plans to conduct a research on the use of a new method of

pain assessment scale. Which of the following is the second step in the
conceptualizing phase of the research process?
a. Formulating the research hypothesis

b. Review related literature
c. Formulating and delimiting the research problem
d. Design the theoretical and conceptual framework
78. The leader of the study knows that certain patients who are in a
specialized research setting tend to respond psychologically to
the conditions of the study. This referred to as :
a. Cause and effect

b. Hawthorne effect
c. Halo effect
d. Horns effect
79. Mary finally decides to use judgment sampling on her research. Which
of the following actions of is correct?
a. Plans to include whoever is there during his study.

b. Determines the different nationality of patients frequently
admitted and decides to get representations samples from each.
c. Assigns numbers for each of the patients, place these in a
fishbowl and draw 10 from it.

d. Decides to get 20 samples from the admitted patients
80. The nursing theorist who developed transcultural nursing theory is:
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Madeleine Leininger
c. Albert Moore
d. Sr. Callista Roy
81. Marion is aware that the sampling method that gives equal chance to
all units in the population to get picked is:
a. Random
b. Accidental
c. Quota
d. Judgment
82. John plans to use a Likert Scale to his study to determine the:
a. Degree of agreement and disagreement

b. Compliance to expected standards
c. Level of satisfaction
d. Degree of acceptance
83. Which of the following theory addresses the four modes of adaptation?
a. Madeleine Leininger
b. Sr. Callista Roy
c. Florence Nightingale
d. Jean Watson
84. Ms. Garcia is responsible to the number of personnel reporting to her.

This principle refers to:
a. Span of control
b. Unity of command
c. Downward communication
d. Leader
85. Ensuring that there is an informed consent on the part of the

patient before a surgery is done, illustrates the bioethical principle
of:
a. Beneficence
b. Autonomy
c. Veracity
d. Non-maleficence

86. Nurse Reese is teaching a female client with peripheral vascular
disease about foot care; Nurse Reese should include which instruction?
a. Avoid wearing cotton socks.

b. Avoid using a nail clipper to cut toenails.
c. Avoid wearing canvas shoes.
d. Avoid using cornstarch on feet.
87. A client is admitted with multiple pressure ulcers. When developing

the client's diet plan, the nurse should include:
a. Fresh orange slices

b. Steamed broccoli
c. Ice cream
d. Ground beef patties
88. The nurse prepares to administer a cleansing enema. What is the

most common client position used for this procedure?
a. Lithotomy
b. Supine
c. Prone
d. Sims’ left lateral
89. Nurse Marian is preparing to administer a blood transfusion. Which

action should the nurse take first?
a. Arrange for typing and cross matching of the client’s blood.

b. Compare the client’s identification wristband with the tag on the
unit of blood.
c. Start an I.V. infusion of normal saline solution.
d. Measure the client’s vital signs.
90. A 65 years old male client requests his medication at 9 p.m. instead of 10
p.m. so that he can go to sleep earlier. Which type of nursing intervention
is required?
a. Independent
b. Dependent
c. Interdependent
d. Intradependent
91.A A female client is to be discharged from an acute care facility after

treatment for right leg thrombophlebitis. The Nurse Betty notes that
the client's leg is pain-free, without redness or edema. The nurse's
actions reflect which step of the nursing process?

a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Implementation
d. Evaluation
92. Nursing care for a female client includes removing elastic stockings
once per day. The Nurse Betty is aware that the rationale for this
intervention?
a. To increase blood flow to the heart

b. To observe the lower extremities
c. To allow the leg muscles to stretch and relax
d. To permit veins in the legs to fill with blood.
93. Which nursing intervention takes highest priority when caring for a
newly admitted client who's receiving a blood transfusion?
a. Instructing the client to report any itching, swelling, or dyspnea.

b. Informing the client that the transfusion usually take 1 ½ to 2 hours.
c. Documenting blood administration in the client care record.
d. Assessing the client’s vital signs when the transfusion ends.
94.A A male client complains of abdominal discomfort and nausea while

receiving tube feedings. Which intervention is most appropriate for
this problem?
a. Give the feedings at room temperature.

b. Decrease the rate of feedings and the concentration of the formula.
c. Place the client in semi-Fowler's position while feeding.
d. Change the feeding container every 12 hours.
95. Nurse Patricia is reconstituting a powdered medication in a vial.

After adding the solution to the powder, she nurse should:
a. Do nothing.
b. Invert the vial and let it stand for 3 to 5 minutes.
c. Shake the vial vigorously.
d. Roll the vial gently between the palms.
96. Which intervention should the nurse Trish use when administering
oxygen by face mask to a female client?
a. Secure the elastic band tightly around the client's head.

b. Assist the client to the semi-Fowler position if possible.
c. Apply the face mask from the client's chin up over the nose.

d. Loosen the connectors between the oxygen equipment
and humidifier.
97. The maximum transfusion time for a unit of packed red blood cells
(RBCs) is:
a. 6 hours
b. 4 hours
c. 3 hours
d. 2 hours
98. Nurse Monique is monitoring the effectiveness of a client's drug

therapy. When should the nurse Monique obtain a blood sample to
measure the trough drug level?
a. 1 hour before administering the next dose.

b. Immediately before administering the next dose.
c. Immediately after administering the next dose.
d. 30 minutes after administering the next dose.
99. Nurse May is aware that the main advantage of using a floor stock
system is:
a. The nurse can implement medication orders quickly.

b. The nurse receives input from the pharmacist.
c. The system minimizes transcription errors.
d. The system reinforces accurate calculations.
100. Nurse Oliver is assessing a client's abdomen. Which finding should

the nurse report as abnormal?
a. Dullness over the liver.

b. Bowel sounds occurring every 10 seconds.
c. Shifting dullness over the abdomen.
d. Vascular sounds heard over the renal arteries.

NURSING PRACTICE II
Community Health Nursing and Care

of the Mother and Child

TEST II - Community Health Nursing and Care of the Mother and Child
1. May arrives at the health care clinic and tells the nurse that her last
menstrual period was 9 weeks ago. She also tells the nurse that a home
pregnancy test was positive but she began to have mild cramps and is
now having moderate vaginal bleeding. During the physical examination of
the client, the nurse notes that May has a dilated cervix. The nurse
determines that May is experiencing which type of abortion?
a. Inevitable
b. Incomplete
c. Threatened
d. Septic
2. Nurse Reese is reviewing the record of a pregnant client for her first
prenatal visit. Which of the following data, if noted on the client’s record,
would alert the nurse that the client is at risk for a spontaneous
abortion?
a. Age 36 years
b. History of syphilis
c. History of genital herpes
d. History of diabetes mellitus
3. Nurse Hazel is preparing to care for a client who is newly admitted to

the hospital with a possible diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Nurse Hazel
develops a plan of care for the client and determines that which of the
following nursing actions is the priority?
a. Monitoring weight
b. Assessing for edema
c. Monitoring apical pulse
d. Monitoring temperature
4. Nurse Oliver is teaching a diabetic pregnant client about nutrition and

insulin needs during pregnancy. The nurse determines that the client
understands dietary and insulin needs if the client states that the
second half of pregnancy require:
a. Decreased caloric intake

b. Increased caloric intake
c. Decreased Insulin
d. Increase Insulin

5. Nurse Michelle is assessing a 24 year old client with a diagnosis of
hydatidiform mole. She is aware that one of the following is
unassociated with this condition?
a. Excessive fetal activity.

b. Larger than normal uterus for gestational age.
c. Vaginal bleeding
d. Elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin.
6. A pregnant client is receiving magnesium sulfate for severe pregnancy

induced hypertension (PIH). The clinical findings that would warrant use
of the antidote , calcium gluconate is:
a. Urinary output 90 cc in 2 hours.

b. Absent patellar reflexes.
c. Rapid respiratory rate above 40/min.
d. Rapid rise in blood pressure.
7. During vaginal examination of Janah who is in labor, the presenting part

is at station plus two. Nurse, correctly interprets it as:
a. Presenting part is 2 cm above the plane of the ischial spines.

b. Biparietal diameter is at the level of the ischial spines.
c. Presenting part in 2 cm below the plane of the ischial spines.
d. Biparietal diameter is 2 cm above the ischial spines.
8. A pregnant client is receiving oxytocin (Pitocin) for induction of labor. A

condition that warrant the nurse in-charge to discontinue I.V. infusion
of Pitocin is:
a. Contractions every 1 ½ minutes lasting 70-80 seconds.

b. Maternal temperature 101.2
c. Early decelerations in the fetal heart rate.
d. Fetal heart rate baseline 140-160 bpm.
9. Calcium gluconate is being administered to a client with pregnancy

induced hypertension (PIH). A nursing action that must be initiated as
the plan of care throughout injection of the drug is:
a. Ventilator assistance
b. CVP readings
c. EKG tracings
d. Continuous CPR

10. A trial for vaginal delivery after an earlier caesareans, would likely to be
given to a gravida, who had:
a. First low transverse cesarean was for active herpes type 2

infections; vaginal culture at 39 weeks pregnancy was
positive.
b. First and second caesareans were for cephalopelvic disproportion.
c. First caesarean through a classic incision as a result of severe
fetal distress.
d. First low transverse caesarean was for breech position. Fetus
in this pregnancy is in a vertex presentation.
11. Nurse Ryan is aware that the best initial approach when trying to take
a crying toddler’s temperature is:
a. Talk to the mother first and then to the toddler.

b. Bring extra help so it can be done quickly.
c. Encourage the mother to hold the child.
d. Ignore the crying and screaming.
12. Baby Tina a 3 month old infant just had a cleft lip and palate repair.
What should the nurse do to prevent trauma to operative site?
a. Avoid touching the suture line, even when cleaning.

b. Place the baby in prone position.
c. Give the baby a pacifier.
d. Place the infant’s arms in soft elbow restraints.
13. Which action should nurse Marian include in the care plan for a 2
month old with heart failure?
a. Feed the infant when he cries.

b. Allow the infant to rest before feeding.
c. Bathe the infant and administer medications before feeding.
d. Weigh and bathe the infant before feeding.
14. Nurse Hazel is teaching a mother who plans to discontinue breast

feeding after 5 months. The nurse should advise her to include which
foods in her infant’s diet?
a. Skim milk and baby food.

b. Whole milk and baby food.
c. Iron-rich formula only.
d. Iron-rich formula and baby food.
15. Mommy Linda is playing with her infant, who is sitting securely alone
on the floor of the clinic. The mother hides a toy behind her back and
the
infant looks for it. The nurse is aware that estimated age of the infant
would be:
a. 6 months
b. 4 months
c. 8 months
d. 10 months
16. Which of the following is the most prominent feature of public

health nursing?
a. It involves providing home care to sick people who are not

confined in the hospital.
b. Services are provided free of charge to people within
the catchments area.
c. The public health nurse functions as part of a team providing
a public health nursing services.
d. Public health nursing focuses on preventive, not curative, services.
17. When the nurse determines whether resources were maximized

in implementing Ligtas Tigdas, she is evaluating
a. Effectiveness
b. Efficiency
c. Adequacy
d. Appropriateness
18. Vangie is a new B.S.N. graduate. She wants to become a Public

Health Nurse. Where should she apply?
a. Department of Health
b. Provincial Health Office
c. Regional Health Office
d. Rural Health Unit
19. Tony is aware the Chairman of the Municipal Health Board is:
a. Mayor
b. Municipal Health Officer
c. Public Health Nurse
d. Any qualified physician
20. Myra is the public health nurse in a municipality with a total population
of about 20,000. There are 3 rural health midwives among the RHU
personnel. How many more midwife items will the RHU need?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. The RHU does not need any more midwife item.
21. According to Freeman and Heinrich, community health nursing is

a developmental service. Which of the following best illustrates
this statement?
a. The community health nurse continuously develops

himself personally and professionally.
b. Health education and community organizing are necessary
in providing community health services.
c. Community health nursing is intended primarily for health
promotion and prevention and treatment of disease.
d. The goal of community health nursing is to provide nursing
services to people in their own places of residence.
22. Nurse Tina is aware that the disease declared through

Presidential Proclamation No. 4 as a target for eradication in the
Philippines is?
a. Poliomyelitis
b. Measles
c. Rabies
d. Neonatal tetanus
23. May knows that the step in community organizing that involves training
of potential leaders in the community is:
a. Integration
b. Community organization
c. Community study
d. Core group formation
24. Beth a public health nurse takes an active role in community

participation. What is the primary goal of community organizing?
a. To educate the people regarding community health problems

b. To mobilize the people to resolve community health problems
c. To maximize the community’s resources in dealing with
health problems.
d. To maximize the community’s resources in dealing with
health problems.

25. Tertiary prevention is needed in which stage of the natural history
of disease?
a. Pre-pathogenesis
b. Pathogenesis
c. Prodromal
d. Terminal
26. The nurse is caring for a primigravid client in the labor and delivery
area. Which condition would place the client at risk for disseminated
intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
a. Intrauterine fetal death.

b. Placenta accreta.
c. Dysfunctional labor.
d. Premature rupture of the membranes.
27.A A fullterm client is in labor. Nurse Betty is aware that the fetal heart
rate would be:
a. 80 to 100 beats/minute
b. 100 to 120 beats/minute
c. 120 to 160 beats/minute
d. 160 to 180 beats/minute
28. The skin in the diaper area of a 7 month old infant is excoriated and
red. Nurse Hazel should instruct the mother to:
a. Change the diaper more often.

b. Apply talc powder with diaper changes.
c. Wash the area vigorously with each diaper change.
d. Decrease the infant’s fluid intake to decrease saturating diapers.
29. Nurse Carla knows that the common cardiac anomalies in children
with Down Syndrome (tri-somy 21) is:
a. Atrial septal defect

b. Pulmonic stenosis
c. Ventricular septal defect
d. Endocardial cushion defect
30. Malou was diagnosed with severe preeclampsia is now receiving

I.V. magnesium sulfate. The adverse effects associated with
magnesium sulfate is:
a. Anemia

b. Decreased urine output
c. Hyperreflexia
d. Increased respiratory rate
31.A A 23 year old client is having her menstrual period every 2 weeks that
last for 1 week. This type of menstrual pattern is bets defined by:
a. Menorrhagia
b. Metrorrhagia
c. Dyspareunia
d. Amenorrhea
32. Jannah is admitted to the labor and delivery unit. The critical
laboratory result for this client would be:
a. Oxygen saturation
b. Iron binding capacity
c. Blood typing
d. Serum Calcium
33. Nurse Gina is aware that the most common condition found during
the second-trimester of pregnancy is:
a. Metabolic alkalosis
b. Respiratory acidosis
c. Mastitis
d. Physiologic anemia
34. Nurse Lynette is working in the triage area of an emergency

department. She sees that several pediatric clients arrive
simultaneously. The client who needs to be treated first is:
a. A crying 5 year old child with a laceration on his scalp.

b. A 4 year old child with a barking coughs and flushed appearance.
c. A 3 year old child with Down syndrome who is pale and asleep
in his mother’s arms.
d. A 2 year old infant with stridorous breath sounds, sitting up in
his mother’s arms and drooling.
35. Maureen in her third trimester arrives at the emergency room with
painless vaginal bleeding. Which of the following conditions is suspected?
a. Placenta previa
b. Abruptio placentae
c. Premature labor
d. Sexually transmitted disease

36.A A young child named Richard is suspected of having pinworms. The
community nurse collects a stool specimen to confirm the diagnosis.
The nurse should schedule the collection of this specimen for:
a. Just before bedtime

b. After the child has been bathe
c. Any time during the day
d. Early in the morning
37. In doing a child’s admission assessment, Nurse Betty should be alert

to note which signs or symptoms of chronic lead poisoning?
a. Irritability and seizures

b. Dehydration and diarrhea
c. Bradycardia and hypotension
d. Petechiae and hematuria
38. To evaluate a woman’s understanding about the use of diaphragm for

family planning, Nurse Trish asks her to explain how she will use the
appliance. Which response indicates a need for further health
teaching?
a. “I should check the diaphragm carefully for holes every time I use it”
b. “I may need a different size of diaphragm if I gain or lose
weight more than 20 pounds”
c. “The diaphragm must be left in place for atleast 6 hours
after intercourse”
d. “I really need to use the diaphragm and jelly most during the
middle of my menstrual cycle”.
39. Hypoxia is a common complication of laryngotracheobronchitis. Nurse

Oliver should frequently assess a child with laryngotracheobronchitis
for:
a. Drooling
b. Muffled voice
c. Restlessness
d. Low-grade fever
40. How should Nurse Michelle guide a child who is blind to walk to
the playroom?
a. Without touching the child, talk continuously as the child

walks down the hall.
b. Walk one step ahead, with the child’s hand on the nurse’s elbow.
c. Walk slightly behind, gently guiding the child forward.
d. Walk next to the child, holding the child’s hand.
41. When assessing a newborn diagnosed with ductus arteriosus,
Nurse Olivia should expect that the child most likely would have an:
a. Loud, machinery-like murmur.

b. Bluish color to the lips.
c. Decreased BP reading in the upper extremities
d. Increased BP reading in the upper extremities.
42. The reason nurse May keeps the neonate in a neutral thermal
environment is that when a newborn becomes too cool, the
neonate requires:
a. Less oxygen, and the newborn’s metabolic rate increases.

b. More oxygen, and the newborn’s metabolic rate decreases.
c. More oxygen, and the newborn’s metabolic rate increases.
d. Less oxygen, and the newborn’s metabolic rate decreases.
43. Before adding potassium to an infant’s I.V. line, Nurse Ron must be
sure to assess whether this infant has:
a. Stable blood pressure

b. Patant fontanelles
c. Moro’s reflex
d. Voided
44. Nurse Carla should know that the most common causative factor of
dermatitis in infants and younger children is:
a. Baby oil
b. Baby lotion
c. Laundry detergent
d. Powder with cornstarch
45. During tube feeding, how far above an infant’s stomach should the
nurse hold the syringe with formula?
a. 6 inches
b. 12 inches
c. 18 inches
d. 24 inches
46. In a mothers’ class, Nurse Lhynnete discussed childhood diseases

such as chicken pox. Which of the following statements about chicken
pox is correct?

a. The older one gets, the more susceptible he becomes to
the complications of chicken pox.
b. A single attack of chicken pox will prevent future
episodes, including conditions such as shingles.
c. To prevent an outbreak in the community, quarantine may
be imposed by health authorities.
d. Chicken pox vaccine is best given when there is an
impending outbreak in the community.
47. Barangay Pinoy had an outbreak of German measles. To prevent

congenital rubella, what is the BEST advice that you can give to women
in the first trimester of pregnancy in the barangay Pinoy?
a. Advice them on the signs of German measles.

b. Avoid crowded places, such as markets and movie houses.
c. Consult at the health center where rubella vaccine may be given.
d. Consult a physician who may give them rubella immunoglobulin.
48. Myrna a public health nurse knows that to determine possible sources of
sexually transmitted infections, the BEST method that may be
undertaken is:
a. Contact tracing
b. Community survey
c. Mass screening tests
d. Interview of suspects
49.A A 33-year old female client came for consultation at the health center
with the chief complaint of fever for a week. Accompanying symptoms
were muscle pains and body malaise. A week after the start of fever, the
client noted yellowish discoloration of his sclera. History showed that he
waded in flood waters about 2 weeks before the onset of symptoms.
Based on her history, which disease condition will you suspect?
a. Hepatitis A
b. Hepatitis B
c. Tetanus
d. Leptospirosis
50. Mickey a 3-year old client was brought to the health center with the
chief complaint of severe diarrhea and the passage of “rice water”
stools. The client is most probably suffering from which condition?
a. Giardiasis
b. Cholera
c. Amebiasis

d. Dysentery
51. The most prevalent form of meningitis among children aged 2 months to
3 years is caused by which microorganism?
a. Hemophilus influenzae
b. Morbillivirus
c. Steptococcus pneumoniae
d. Neisseria meningitidis
52. The student nurse is aware that the pathognomonic sign of measles
is Koplik’s spot and you may see Koplik’s spot by inspecting the:
a. Nasal mucosa
b. Buccal mucosa
c. Skin on the abdomen
d. Skin on neck
53. Angel was diagnosed as having Dengue fever. You will say that there is
slow capillary refill when the color of the nailbed that you pressed does
not return within how many seconds?
a. 3 seconds
b. 6 seconds
c. 9 seconds
d. 10 seconds
54. In Integrated Management of Childhood Illness, the nurse is aware that

the severe conditions generally require urgent referral to a hospital.
Which of the following severe conditions DOES NOT always require
urgent referral to a hospital?
a. Mastoiditis
b. Severe dehydration
c. Severe pneumonia
d. Severe febrile disease
55. Myrna a public health nurse will conduct outreach immunization in a

barangay Masay with a population of about 1500. The estimated
number of infants in the barangay would be:
a. 45 infants
b. 50 infants
c. 55 infants
d. 65 infants

56. The community nurse is aware that the biological used in Expanded
Program on Immunization (EPI) should NOT be stored in the
freezer?
a. DPT
b. Oral polio vaccine
c. Measles vaccine
d. MMR
57. It is the most effective way of controlling schistosomiasis in an endemic

area?
a. Use of molluscicides
b. Building of foot bridges
c. Proper use of sanitary toilets
d. Use of protective footwear, such as rubber boots
58. Several clients is newly admitted and diagnosed with leprosy. Which of
the following clients should be classified as a case of multibacillary
leprosy?
a. 3 skin lesions, negative slit skin smear

b. 3 skin lesions, positive slit skin smear
c. 5 skin lesions, negative slit skin smear
d. 5 skin lesions, positive slit skin smear
59. Nurses are aware that diagnosis of leprosy is highly dependent on

recognition of symptoms. Which of the following is an early sign of
leprosy?
a. Macular lesions
b. Inability to close eyelids
c. Thickened painful nerves
d. Sinking of the nosebridge
60. Marie brought her 10 month old infant for consultation because of fever,
started 4 days prior to consultation. In determining malaria risk, what
will you do?
a. Perform a tourniquet test.

b. Ask where the family resides.
c. Get a specimen for blood smear.
d. Ask if the fever is present everyday.
61. Susie brought her 4 years old daughter to the RHU because of cough
and colds. Following the IMCI assessment guide, which of the following is
a danger sign that indicates the need for urgent referral to a hospital?

a. Inability to drink
b. High grade fever
c. Signs of severe dehydration
d. Cough for more than 30 days
62. Jimmy a 2-year old child revealed “baggy pants”. As a nurse, using
the IMCI guidelines, how will you manage Jimmy?
a. Refer the child urgently to a hospital for confinement.

b. Coordinate with the social worker to enroll the child in a
feeding program.
c. Make a teaching plan for the mother, focusing on menu planning
for her child.
d. Assess and treat the child for health problems like infections
and intestinal parasitism.
63. Gina is using Oresol in the management of diarrhea of her 3-year old
child. She asked you what to do if her child vomits. As a nurse you will
tell her to:
a. Bring the child to the nearest hospital for further assessment.

b. Bring the child to the health center for intravenous fluid therapy.
c. Bring the child to the health center for assessment by the physician.
d. Let the child rest for 10 minutes then continue giving Oresol
more slowly.
64. Nikki a 5-month old infant was brought by his mother to the health center
because of diarrhea for 4 to 5 times a day. Her skin goes back slowly
after a skin pinch and her eyes are sunken. Using the IMCI guidelines,
you will classify this infant in which category?
a. No signs of dehydration
b. Some dehydration
c. Severe dehydration
d. The data is insufficient.
65. Chris a 4-month old infant was brought by her mother to the health
center because of cough. His respiratory rate is 42/minute. Using the
Integrated Management of Child Illness (IMCI) guidelines of assessment,
his breathing is considered as:
a. Fast
b. Slow
c. Normal
d. Insignificant

66. Maylene had just received her 4th dose of tetanus toxoid. She is
aware that her baby will have protection against tetanus for
a. 1 year
b. 3 years
c. 5 years
d. Lifetime
67. Nurse Ron is aware that unused BCG should be discarded after
how many hours of reconstitution?
a. 2 hours
b. 4 hours
c. 8 hours
d. At the end of the day
68. The nurse explains to a breastfeeding mother that breast milk is

sufficient for all of the baby’s nutrient needs only up to:
a. 5 months
b. 6 months
c. 1 year
d. 2 years
69. Nurse Ron is aware that the gestational age of a conceptus that
is considered viable (able to live outside the womb) is:
a. 8 weeks
b. 12 weeks
c. 24 weeks
d. 32 weeks
70. When teaching parents of a neonate the proper position for the
neonate’s sleep, the nurse Patricia stresses the importance of placing
the neonate on his back to reduce the risk of which of the following?
a. Aspiration
b. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
c. Suffocation
d. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)
71. Which finding might be seen in baby James a neonate suspected

of having an infection?
a. Flushed cheeks
b. Increased temperature

c. Decreased temperature
d. Increased activity level
72. Baby Jenny who is small-for-gestation is at increased risk during the

transitional period for which complication?
a. Anemia probably due to chronic fetal hyposia

b. Hyperthermia due to decreased glycogen stores
c. Hyperglycemia due to decreased glycogen stores
d. Polycythemia probably due to chronic fetal hypoxia
73. Marjorie has just given birth at 42 weeks’ gestation. When the
nurse assessing the neonate, which physical finding is expected?
a. A sleepy, lethargic baby

b. Lanugo covering the body
c. Desquamation of the epidermis
d. Vernix caseosa covering the body
74. After reviewing the Myrna’s maternal history of magnesium sulfate

during labor, which condition would nurse Richard anticipate as a
potential problem in the neonate?
a. Hypoglycemia
b. Jitteriness
c. Respiratory depression
d. Tachycardia
75. Which symptom would indicate the Baby Alexandra was

adapting appropriately to extra-uterine life without difficulty?
a. Nasal flaring
b. Light audible grunting
c. Respiratory rate 40 to 60 breaths/minute
d. Respiratory rate 60 to 80 breaths/minute
76. When teaching umbilical cord care for Jennifer a new mother, the
nurse Jenny would include which information?
a. Apply peroxide to the cord with each diaper change

b. Cover the cord with petroleum jelly after bathing
c. Keep the cord dry and open to air
d. Wash the cord with soap and water each day during a tub bath.
77. Nurse John is performing an assessment on a neonate. Which of

the following findings is considered common in the healthy neonate?

a. Simian crease
b. Conjunctival hemorrhage
c. Cystic hygroma
d. Bulging fontanelle
78. Dr. Esteves decides to artificially rupture the membranes of a mother

who is on labor. Following this procedure, the nurse Hazel checks the
fetal heart tones for which the following reasons?
a. To determine fetal well-being.

b. To assess for prolapsed cord
c. To assess fetal position
d. To prepare for an imminent delivery.
79. Which of the following would be least likely to indicate anticipated

bonding behaviors by new parents?
a. The parents’ willingness to touch and hold the new born.

b. The parent’s expression of interest about the size of the new born.
c. The parents’ indication that they want to see the newborn.
d. The parents’ interactions with each other.
80. Following a precipitous delivery, examination of the client's vagina

reveals a fourth-degree laceration. Which of the following would be
contraindicated when caring for this client?
a. Applying cold to limit edema during the first 12 to 24 hours.

b. Instructing the client to use two or more peripads to cushion
the area.
c. Instructing the client on the use of sitz baths if ordered.
d. Instructing the client about the importance of perineal
(kegel) exercises.
81. A pregnant woman accompanied by her husband, seeks admission to the

labor and delivery area. She states that she's in labor and says she attended
the facility clinic for prenatal care. Which question should the nurse Oliver ask
her first?
a. “Do you have any chronic illnesses?”

b. “Do you have any allergies?”
c. “What is your expected due date?”
d. “Who will be with you during labor?”
82.A A neonate begins to gag and turns a dusky color. What should the
nurse do first?

a. Calm the neonate.
b. Notify the physician.
c. Provide oxygen via face mask as ordered
d. Aspirate the neonate’s nose and mouth with a bulb syringe.
83.When a client states that her "water broke," which of the following
actions would be inappropriate for the nurse to do?
a. Observing the pooling of straw-colored fluid.

b. Checking vaginal discharge with nitrazine paper.
c. Conducting a bedside ultrasound for an amniotic fluid index.
d. Observing for flakes of vernix in the vaginal discharge.
84. A baby girl is born 8 weeks premature. At birth, she has no spontaneous
respirations but is successfully resuscitated. Within several hours she develops
respiratory grunting, cyanosis, tachypnea, nasal flaring, and retractions. She's
diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome, intubated, and placed on a
ventilator. Which nursing action should be included in the baby's plan of care
to prevent retinopathy of prematurity?
a. Cover his eyes while receiving oxygen.

b. Keep her body temperature low.
c. Monitor partial pressure of oxygen (Pao2) levels.
d. Humidify the oxygen.
85. Which of the following is normal newborn calorie intake?
a. 110 to 130 calories per kg.

b. 30 to 40 calories per lb of body weight.
c. At least 2 ml per feeding
d. 90 to 100 calories per kg
86. Nurse John is knowledgeable that usually individual twins will grow
appropriately and at the same rate as singletons until how many
weeks?
a. 16 to 18 weeks
b. 18 to 22 weeks
c. 30 to 32 weeks
d. 38 to 40 weeks
87. Which of the following classifications applies to monozygotic twins for

whom the cleavage of the fertilized ovum occurs more than 13 days after
fertilization?
a. conjoined twins
b. diamniotic dichorionic twins
c. diamniotic monochorionic twin
d. monoamniotic monochorionic twins
88. Tyra experienced painless vaginal bleeding has just been diagnosed as
having a placenta previa. Which of the following procedures is usually
performed to diagnose placenta previa?
a. Amniocentesis
b. Digital or speculum examination
c. External fetal monitoring
d. Ultrasound
89. Nurse Arnold knows that the following changes in respiratory

functioning during pregnancy is considered normal:
a. Increased tidal volume

b. Increased expiratory volume
c. Decreased inspiratory capacity
d. Decreased oxygen consumption
90. Emily has gestational diabetes and it is usually managed by which of

the following therapy?
a. Diet
b. Long-acting insulin
c. Oral hypoglycemic
d. Oral hypoglycemic drug and insulin
91. Magnesium sulfate is given to Jemma with preeclampsia to prevent which

of the following condition?
a. Hemorrhage
b. Hypertension
c. Hypomagnesemia
d. Seizure
92. Cammile with sickle cell anemia has an increased risk for having a sickle
cell crisis during pregnancy. Aggressive management of a sickle cell crisis
includes which of the following measures?
a. Antihypertensive agents
b. Diuretic agents
c. I.V. fluids
d. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) for pain

93. Which of the following drugs is the antidote for magnesium toxicity?
a. Calcium gluconate (Kalcinate)

b. Hydralazine (Apresoline)
c. Naloxone (Narcan)
d. Rho (D) immune globulin (RhoGAM)
94. Marlyn is screened for tuberculosis during her first prenatal visit. An
intradermal injection of purified protein derivative (PPD) of the tuberculin bacilli is
given. She is considered to have a positive test for which of the following
results?
a. An indurated wheal under 10 mm in diameter appears in 6 to 12 hours.

b. An indurated wheal over 10 mm in diameter appears in 48 to 72 hours.
c. A flat circumcised area under 10 mm in diameter appears in 6 to
12 hours.
d. A flat circumcised area over 10 mm in diameter appears in 48 to
72 hours.
95. Dianne, 24 year-old is 27 weeks’ pregnant arrives at her physician’s office

with complaints of fever, nausea, vomiting, malaise, unilateral flank pain, and
costovertebral angle tenderness. Which of the following diagnoses is most
likely?
a. Asymptomatic bacteriuria
b. Bacterial vaginosis
c. Pyelonephritis
d. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
96. Rh isoimmunization in a pregnant client develops during which of

the following conditions?
a. Rh-positive maternal blood crosses into fetal blood, stimulating

fetal antibodies.
b. Rh-positive fetal blood crosses into maternal blood,
stimulating maternal antibodies.
c. Rh-negative fetal blood crosses into maternal blood,
d. Rh-negative maternal blood crosses into fetal blood, stimulating
fetal antibodies.
97. To promote comfort during labor, the nurse John advises a client to
assume certain positions and avoid others. Which position may cause maternal
hypotension and fetal hypoxia?
a. Lateral position
b. Squatting position
c. Supine position
d. Standing position
98. Celeste who used heroin during her pregnancy delivers a neonate. When
assessing the neonate, the nurse Lhynnette expects to find:
a. Lethargy 2 days after birth.

b. Irritability and poor sucking.
c. A flattened nose, small eyes, and thin lips.
d. Congenital defects such as limb anomalies.
99. The uterus returns to the pelvic cavity in which of the following time frames?
a. 7th to 9th day postpartum.

b. 2 weeks postpartum.
c. End of 6th week postpartum.
d. When the lochia changes to alba.
100. Maureen, a primigravida client, age 20, has just completed a difficult,
forceps-assisted delivery of twins. Her labor was unusually long and required
oxytocin (Pitocin) augmentation. The nurse who's caring for her should stay
alert for:
a. Uterine inversion
b. Uterine atony
c. Uterine involution
d. Uterine discomfort

NURSING PRACTICE III
Care of Clients with Physiologic and

Psychosocial Alterations

TEST III - Care of Clients with Physiologic and Psychosocial Alterations
1. Nurse Michelle should know that the drainage is normal 4 days after
a sigmoid colostomy when the stool is:
a. Green liquid
b. Solid formed
c. Loose, bloody
d. Semiformed
2. Where would nurse Kristine place the call light for a male client with a
right-sided brain attack and left homonymous hemianopsia?
a. On the client’s right side

b. On the client’s left side
c. Directly in front of the client
d. Where the client like
3. A male client is admitted to the emergency department following

an accident. What are the first nursing actions of the nurse?
a. Check respiration, circulation, neurological response.

b. Align the spine, check pupils, and check for hemorrhage.
c. Check respirations, stabilize spine, and check circulation.
d. Assess level of consciousness and circulation.
4. In evaluating the effect of nitroglycerin, Nurse Arthur should know that it

reduces preload and relieves angina by:
a. Increasing contractility and slowing heart rate.

b. Increasing AV conduction and heart rate.
c. Decreasing contractility and oxygen consumption.
d. Decreasing venous return through vasodilation.
5. Nurse Patricia finds a female client who is post-myocardial infarction (MI)

slumped on the side rails of the bed and unresponsive to shaking or
shouting. Which is the nurse next action?
a. Call for help and note the time.

b. Clear the airway
c. Give two sharp thumps to the precordium, and check the pulse.
d. Administer two quick blows.
6. Nurse Monett is caring for a client recovering from gastro-

intestinal bleeding. The nurse should:

a. Plan care so the client can receive 8 hours of uninterrupted
sleep each night.
b. Monitor vital signs every 2 hours.
c. Make sure that the client takes food and medications at
prescribed intervals.
d. Provide milk every 2 to 3 hours.
7. A male client was on warfarin (Coumadin) before admission, and has

been receiving heparin I.V. for 2 days. The partial thromboplastin
time (PTT) is 68 seconds. What should Nurse Carla do?
a. Stop the I.V. infusion of heparin and notify the physician.

b. Continue treatment as ordered.
c. Expect the warfarin to increase the PTT.
d. Increase the dosage, because the level is lower than normal.
8. A client undergone ileostomy, when should the drainage appliance

be applied to the stoma?
a. 24 hours later, when edema has subsided.

b. In the operating room.
c. After the ileostomy begin to function.
d. When the client is able to begin self-care procedures.
9. A client undergone spinal anesthetic, it will be important that the

nurse immediately position the client in:
a. On the side, to prevent obstruction of airway by tongue.

b. Flat on back.
c. On the back, with knees flexed 15 degrees.
d. Flat on the stomach, with the head turned to the side.
10. While monitoring a male client several hours after a motor

vehicle accident, which assessment data suggest increasing
intracranial pressure?
a. Blood pressure is decreased from 160/90 to 110/70.

b. Pulse is increased from 87 to 95, with an occasional skipped beat.
c. The client is oriented when aroused from sleep, and goes back
to sleep immediately.
d. The client refuses dinner because of anorexia.
11. Mrs. Cruz, 80 years old is diagnosed with pneumonia. Which of

the following symptoms may appear first?
a. Altered mental status and dehydration

b. Fever and chills
c. Hemoptysis and Dyspnea
d. Pleuritic chest pain and cough
12. A male client has active tuberculosis (TB). Which of the following
symptoms will be exhibit?
a. Chest and lower back pain

b. Chills, fever, night sweats, and hemoptysis
c. Fever of more than 104°F (40°C) and nausea
d. Headache and photophobia
13. Mark, a 7-year-old client is brought to the emergency department. He’s

tachypneic and afebrile and has a respiratory rate of 36 breaths/minute and has
a nonproductive cough. He recently had a cold. Form this history; the client
may have which of the following conditions?
a. Acute asthma
b. Bronchial pneumonia
c. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
d. Emphysema
14. Marichu was given morphine sulfate for pain. She is sleeping and her
respiratory rate is 4 breaths/minute. If action isn’t taken quickly, she might
have which of the following reactions?
a. Asthma attack
b. Respiratory arrest
c. Seizure
d. Wake up on his own
15. A 77-year-old male client is admitted for elective knee surgery.

Physical examination reveals shallow respirations but no sign of respiratory
distress. Which of the following is a normal physiologic change related to
aging?
a. Increased elastic recoil of the lungs

b. Increased number of functional capillaries in the alveoli
c. Decreased residual volume
d. Decreased vital capacity
16. Nurse John is caring for a male client receiving lidocaine I.V. Which factor
is the most relevant to administration of this medication?
a. Decrease in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) when measured with

a pulse oximeter.
b. Increase in systemic blood pressure.

c. Presence of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) on a cardiac
monitor.
d. Increase in intracranial pressure (ICP).
17. Nurse Ron is caring for a male client taking an anticoagulant. The
nurse should teach the client to:
a. Report incidents of diarrhea.

b. Avoid foods high in vitamin K
c. Use a straight razor when shaving.
d. Take aspirin to pain relief.
18. Nurse Lhynnette is preparing a site for the insertion of an I.V. catheter.
The nurse should treat excess hair at the site by:
a. Leaving the hair intact

b. Shaving the area
c. Clipping the hair in the area
d. Removing the hair with a depilatory.
19. Nurse Michelle is caring for an elderly female with osteoporosis. When
teaching the client, the nurse should include information about which
major complication:
a. Bone fracture
b. Loss of estrogen
c. Negative calcium balance
d. Dowager’s hump
20. Nurse Len is teaching a group of women to perform BSE. The nurse
should explain that the purpose of performing the examination is to discover:
a. Cancerous lumps
b. Areas of thickness or fullness
c. Changes from previous examinations.
d. Fibrocystic masses
21. When caring for a female client who is being treated for hyperthyroidism, it
is important to:
a. Provide extra blankets and clothing to keep the client warm.

b. Monitor the client for signs of restlessness, sweating, and
excessive weight loss during thyroid replacement therapy.
c. Balance the client’s periods of activity and rest.
d. Encourage the client to be active to prevent constipation.

22. Nurse Kris is teaching a client with history of atherosclerosis. To
decrease the risk of atherosclerosis, the nurse should encourage the client to:
a. Avoid focusing on his weight.

b. Increase his activity level.
c. Follow a regular diet.
d. Continue leading a high-stress lifestyle.
23. Nurse Greta is working on a surgical floor. Nurse Greta must logroll a
client following a:
a. Laminectomy
b. Thoracotomy
c. Hemorrhoidectomy
d. Cystectomy.
24. A 55-year old client underwent cataract removal with intraocular lens
implant. Nurse Oliver is giving the client discharge instructions. These
instructions should include which of the following?
a. Avoid lifting objects weighing more than 5 lb (2.25 kg).

b. Lie on your abdomen when in bed
c. Keep rooms brightly lit.
d. Avoiding straining during bowel movement or bending at the waist.
25. George should be taught about testicular examinations during:
a. when sexual activity starts

b. After age 69
c. After age 40
d. Before age 20.
26. A male client undergone a colon resection. While turning him,

wound dehiscence with evisceration occurs. Nurse Trish first response
is to:
a. Call the physician

b. Place a saline-soaked sterile dressing on the wound.
c. Take a blood pressure and pulse.
d. Pull the dehiscence closed.
27. Nurse Audrey is caring for a client who has suffered a severe
cerebrovascular accident. During routine assessment, the nurse notices
Cheyne- Strokes respirations. Cheyne-strokes respirations are:
a. A progressively deeper breaths followed by shallower breaths

with apneic periods.

b. Rapid, deep breathing with abrupt pauses between each breath.
c. Rapid, deep breathing and irregular breathing without pauses.
d. Shallow breathing with an increased respiratory rate.
28. Nurse Bea is assessing a male client with heart failure. The breath
sounds commonly auscultated in clients with heart failure are:
a. Tracheal
b. Fine crackles
c. Coarse crackles
d. Friction rubs
29. The nurse is caring for Kenneth experiencing an acute asthma attack.
The client stops wheezing and breath sounds aren’t audible. The reason for
this change is that:
a. The attack is over.

b. The airways are so swollen that no air cannot get through.
c. The swelling has decreased.
d. Crackles have replaced wheezes.
30. Mike with epilepsy is having a seizure. During the active seizure phase,
the nurse should:
a. Place the client on his back remove dangerous objects, and insert
a bite block.
b. Place the client on his side, remove dangerous objects, and insert
a bite block.
c. Place the client o his back, remove dangerous objects, and hold
down his arms.
d. Place the client on his side, remove dangerous objects, and protect
his head.
31. After insertion of a cheat tube for a pneumothorax, a client becomes

hypotensive with neck vein distention, tracheal shift, absent breath sounds,
and diaphoresis. Nurse Amanda suspects a tension pneumothorax has
occurred. What cause of tension pneumothorax should the nurse check for?
a. Infection of the lung.

b. Kinked or obstructed chest tube
c. Excessive water in the water-seal chamber
d. Excessive chest tube drainage
32. Nurse Maureen is talking to a male client, the client begins choking on
his lunch. He’s coughing forcefully. The nurse should:

a. Stand him up and perform the abdominal thrust maneuver from behind.
b. Lay him down, straddle him, and perform the abdominal
thrust maneuver.
c. Leave him to get assistance
d. Stay with him but not intervene at this time.
33. Nurse Ron is taking a health history of an 84 year old client.

Which information will be most useful to the nurse for planning care?
a. General health for the last 10 years.

b. Current health promotion activities.
c. Family history of diseases.
d. Marital status.
34. When performing oral care on a comatose client, Nurse Krina should:
a. Apply lemon glycerin to the client’s lips at least every 2 hours.

b. Brush the teeth with client lying supine.
c. Place the client in a side lying position, with the head of the
bed lowered.
d. Clean the client’s mouth with hydrogen peroxide.
35. A 77-year-old male client is admitted with a diagnosis of dehydration and

change in mental status. He’s being hydrated with L.V. fluids. When the nurse
takes his vital signs, she notes he has a fever of 103°F (39.4°C) a cough
producing yellow sputum and pleuritic chest pain. The nurse suspects this
client may have which of the following conditions?
a. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

b. Myocardial infarction (MI)
c. Pneumonia
d. Tuberculosis
36. Nurse Oliver is working in a out patient clinic. He has been alerted that
there is an outbreak of tuberculosis (TB). Which of the following clients entering
the clinic today most likely to have TB?
a. A 16-year-old female high school student

b. A 33-year-old day-care worker
c. A 43-yesr-old homeless man with a history of alcoholism
d. A 54-year-old businessman
37. Virgie with a positive Mantoux test result will be sent for a chest X-ray.
The nurse is aware that which of the following reasons this is done?
a. To confirm the diagnosis

b. To determine if a repeat skin test is needed
c. To determine the extent of lesions
d. To determine if this is a primary or secondary infection
38. Kennedy with acute asthma showing inspiratory and expiratory wheezes
and a decreased forced expiratory volume should be treated with which of the
following classes of medication right away?
a. Beta-adrenergic blockers
b. Bronchodilators
c. Inhaled steroids
d. Oral steroids
39. Mr. Vasquez 56-year-old client with a 40-year history of smoking one to
two packs of cigarettes per day has a chronic cough producing thick sputum,
peripheral edema and cyanotic nail beds. Based on this information, he most
likely has which of the following conditions?

b. Asthma
c. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
d. Emphysema
Situation: Francis, age 46 is admitted to the hospital with diagnosis of Chronic

Lymphocytic Leukemia.
40. The treatment for patients with leukemia is bone marrow

transplantation. Which statement about bone marrow transplantation is not
correct?
a. The patient is under local anesthesia during the procedure

b. The aspirated bone marrow is mixed with heparin.
c. The aspiration site is the posterior or anterior iliac crest.
d. The recipient receives cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) for 4
consecutive days before the procedure.
41. After several days of admission, Francis becomes disoriented and

complains of frequent headaches. The nurse in-charge first action would be:
a. Call the physician

b. Document the patient’s status in his charts.
c. Prepare oxygen treatment
d. Raise the side rails
42. During routine care, Francis asks the nurse, “How can I be anemic if this
disease causes increased my white blood cell production?” The nurse in-charge
best response would be that the increased number of white blood cells (WBC)
is:
a. Crowd red blood cells
b. Are not responsible for the anemia.
c. Uses nutrients from other cells
d. Have an abnormally short life span of cells.
43. Diagnostic assessment of Francis would probably not reveal:
a. Predominance of lymhoblasts
b. Leukocytosis
c. Abnormal blast cells in the bone marrow
d. Elevated thrombocyte counts
44. Robert, a 57-year-old client with acute arterial occlusion of the left leg
undergoes an emergency embolectomy. Six hours later, the nurse isn’t able to
obtain pulses in his left foot using Doppler ultrasound. The nurse immediately
notifies the physician, and asks her to prepare the client for surgery. As the
nurse enters the client’s room to prepare him, he states that he won’t have any
more surgery. Which of the following is the best initial response by the nurse?
a. Explain the risks of not having the surgery

b. Notifying the physician immediately
c. Notifying the nursing supervisor
d. Recording the client’s refusal in the nurses’ notes
45. During the endorsement, which of the following clients should the on-
duty nurse assess first?
a. The 58-year-old client who was admitted 2 days ago with heart
failure, blood pressure of 126/76 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 22
breaths/ minute.
b. The 89-year-old client with end-stage right-sided heart failure,
blood pressure of 78/50 mm Hg, and a “do not resuscitate” order
c. The 62-year-old client who was admitted 1 day ago
with thrombophlebitis and is receiving L.V. heparin
d. The 75-year-old client who was admitted 1 hour ago with new-
onset atrial fibrillation and is receiving L.V. dilitiazem (Cardizem)
46. Honey, a 23-year old client complains of substernal chest pain and states
that her heart feels like “it’s racing out of the chest”. She reports no history of
cardiac disorders. The nurse attaches her to a cardiac monitor and notes
sinus tachycardia with a rate of 136beats/minutes. Breath sounds are clear
and the respiratory rate is 26 breaths/minutes. Which of the following drugs
should the nurse question the client about using?
a. Barbiturates

b. Opioids
c. Cocaine
d. Benzodiazepines
47. A 51-year-old female client tells the nurse in-charge that she has found a
painless lump in her right breast during her monthly self-examination. Which
assessment finding would strongly suggest that this client's lump is
cancerous?
a. Eversion of the right nipple and mobile mass

b. Nonmobile mass with irregular edges
c. Mobile mass that is soft and easily delineated
d. Nonpalpable right axillary lymph nodes
48. A 35-year-old client with vaginal cancer asks the nurse, "What is the
usual treatment for this type of cancer?" Which treatment should the nurse
name?
a. Surgery
b. Chemotherapy
c. Radiation
d. Immunotherapy
49. Cristina undergoes a biopsy of a suspicious lesion. The biopsy report

classifies the lesion according to the TNM staging system as follows: TIS,
N0, M0. What does this classification mean?
a. No evidence of primary tumor, no abnormal regional lymph nodes,

and no evidence of distant metastasis
b. Carcinoma in situ, no abnormal regional lymph nodes, and
no evidence of distant metastasis
c. Can't assess tumor or regional lymph nodes and no evidence
of metastasis
d. Carcinoma in situ, no demonstrable metastasis of the regional
lymph nodes, and ascending degrees of distant metastasis
50. Lydia undergoes a laryngectomy to treat laryngeal cancer. When

teaching the client how to care for the neck stoma, the nurse should include
which instruction?
a. "Keep the stoma uncovered."

b. "Keep the stoma dry."
c. "Have a family member perform stoma care initially until you get
used to the procedure."
d. "Keep the stoma moist."

51. A 37-year-old client with uterine cancer asks the nurse, "Which is the
most common type of cancer in women?" The nurse replies that it's breast
cancer. Which type of cancer causes the most deaths in women?
a. Breast cancer
b. Lung cancer
c. Brain cancer
d. Colon and rectal cancer
52. Antonio with lung cancer develops Horner's syndrome when the tumor
invades the ribs and affects the sympathetic nerve ganglia. When assessing
for signs and symptoms of this syndrome, the nurse should note:
a. miosis, partial eyelid ptosis, and anhidrosis on the affected side of the
face.
b. chest pain, dyspnea, cough, weight loss, and fever.
c. arm and shoulder pain and atrophy of arm and hand muscles, both on
the affected side.
d. hoarseness and dysphagia.
53. Vic asks the nurse what PSA is. The nurse should reply that it stands for:
a. prostate-specific antigen, which is used to screen for prostate cancer.

b. protein serum antigen, which is used to determine protein levels.
c. pneumococcal strep antigen, which is a bacteria that
causes pneumonia.
d. Papanicolaou-specific antigen, which is used to screen for
cervical cancer.
54. What is the most important postoperative instruction that nurse Kate
must give a client who has just returned from the operating room after
receiving a subarachnoid block?
a. "Avoid drinking liquids until the gag reflex returns."

b. "Avoid eating milk products for 24 hours."
c. "Notify a nurse if you experience blood in your urine."
d. "Remain supine for the time specified by the physician."
55. A male client suspected of having colorectal cancer will require

which diagnostic study to confirm the diagnosis?
a. Stool Hematest
b. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
c. Sigmoidoscopy
d. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan

56. During a breast examination, which finding most strongly suggests that
the Luz has breast cancer?
a. Slight asymmetry of the breasts.

b. A fixed nodular mass with dimpling of the overlying skin
c. Bloody discharge from the nipple
d. Multiple firm, round, freely movable masses that change with
the menstrual cycle
57. A female client with cancer is being evaluated for possible metastasis. Which
of the following is one of the most common metastasis sites for cancer cells?
a. Liver
b. Colon
c. Reproductive tract
d. White blood cells (WBCs)
58. Nurse Mandy is preparing a client for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
to confirm or rule out a spinal cord lesion. During the MRI scan, which of the
following would pose a threat to the client?
a. The client lies still.

b. The client asks questions.
c. The client hears thumping sounds.
d. The client wears a watch and wedding band.
59. Nurse Cecile is teaching a female client about preventing

osteoporosis. Which of the following teaching points is correct?
a. Obtaining an X-ray of the bones every 3 years is recommended

to detect bone loss.
b. To avoid fractures, the client should avoid strenuous exercise.
c. The recommended daily allowance of calcium may be found in a
wide variety of foods.
d. Obtaining the recommended daily allowance of calcium requires
taking a calcium supplement.
60. Before Jacob undergoes arthroscopy, the nurse reviews the

assessment findings for contraindications for this procedure. Which finding
is a contraindication?
a. Joint pain
b. Joint deformity
c. Joint flexion of less than 50%
d. Joint stiffness

61. Mr. Rodriguez is admitted with severe pain in the knees. Which form of
arthritis is characterized by urate deposits and joint pain, usually in the feet
and legs, and occurs primarily in men over age 30?
a. Septic arthritis
b. Traumatic arthritis
c. Intermittent arthritis
d. Gouty arthritis
62. A heparin infusion at 1,500 unit/hour is ordered for a 64-year-old client

with stroke in evolution. The infusion contains 25,000 units of heparin in 500
ml of saline solution. How many milliliters per hour should be given?
a. 15 ml/hour
b. 30 ml/hour
c. 45 ml/hour
d. 50 ml/hour
63. A 76-year-old male client had a thromboembolic right stroke; his left arm
is swollen. Which of the following conditions may cause swelling after a
stroke?
a. Elbow contracture secondary to spasticity

b. Loss of muscle contraction decreasing venous return
c. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to immobility of the ipsilateral side
d. Hypoalbuminemia due to protein escaping from an
inflamed glomerulus
64. Heberden’s nodes are a common sign of osteoarthritis. Which of the

following statement is correct about this deformity?
a. It appears only in men

b. It appears on the distal interphalangeal joint
c. It appears on the proximal interphalangeal joint
d. It appears on the dorsolateral aspect of the interphalangeal joint.
65. Which of the following statements explains the main difference

between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis?
a. Osteoarthritis is gender-specific, rheumatoid arthritis isn’t

b. Osteoarthritis is a localized disease rheumatoid arthritis is systemic
c. Osteoarthritis is a systemic disease, rheumatoid arthritis is localized
d. Osteoarthritis has dislocations and subluxations, rheumatoid
arthritis doesn’t
66. Mrs. Cruz uses a cane for assistance in walking. Which of the
following statements is true about a cane or other assistive devices?

a. A walker is a better choice than a cane.
b. The cane should be used on the affected side
c. The cane should be used on the unaffected side
d. A client with osteoarthritis should be encouraged to ambulate
without the cane
67. A male client with type 1 diabetes is scheduled to receive 30 U of 70/30

insulin. There is no 70/30 insulin available. As a substitution, the nurse may
give the client:
a. 9 U regular insulin and 21 U neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH).
b. 21 U regular insulin and 9 U NPH.
c. 10 U regular insulin and 20 U NPH.
d. 20 U regular insulin and 10 U NPH.
68. Nurse Len should expect to administer which medication to a client

with gout?
a. aspirin
b. furosemide (Lasix)
c. colchicines
d. calcium gluconate (Kalcinate)
69. Mr. Domingo with a history of hypertension is diagnosed with primary

hyperaldosteronism. This diagnosis indicates that the client's hypertension
is caused by excessive hormone secretion from which of the following
glands?
a. Adrenal cortex
b. Pancreas
c. Adrenal medulla
d. Parathyroid
70. For a diabetic male client with a foot ulcer, the doctor orders bed rest, a
wet- to-dry dressing change every shift, and blood glucose monitoring before
meals and bedtime. Why are wet-to-dry dressings used for this client?
a. They contain exudate and provide a moist wound environment.

b. They protect the wound from mechanical trauma and promote healing.
c. They debride the wound and promote healing by secondary intention.
d. They prevent the entrance of microorganisms and minimize
wound discomfort.
71. Nurse Zeny is caring for a client in acute addisonian crisis. Which
laboratory data would the nurse expect to find?
a. Hyperkalemia

b. Reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
c. Hypernatremia
d. Hyperglycemia
72. A client is admitted for treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate

antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which nursing intervention is appropriate?
a. Infusing I.V. fluids rapidly as ordered

b. Encouraging increased oral intake
c. Restricting fluids
d. Administering glucose-containing I.V. fluids as ordered
73. A female client tells nurse Nikki that she has been working hard for the last
3 months to control her type 2 diabetes mellitus with diet and exercise. To
determine the effectiveness of the client's efforts, the nurse should check:
a. urine glucose level.

b. fasting blood glucose level.
c. serum fructosamine level.
d. glycosylated hemoglobin level.
74. Nurse Trinity administered neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin to a

diabetic client at 7 a.m. At what time would the nurse expect the client to be
most at risk for a hypoglycemic reaction?
a. 10:00 am
b. Noon
c. 4:00 pm
d. 10:00 pm
75. The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing which substances?
a. Glucocorticoids and androgens

b. Catecholamines and epinephrine
c. Mineralocorticoids and catecholamines
d. Norepinephrine and epinephrine
76. On the third day after a partial thyroidectomy, Proserfina exhibits muscle
twitching and hyperirritability of the nervous system. When questioned, the
client reports numbness and tingling of the mouth and fingertips. Suspecting a
life- threatening electrolyte disturbance, the nurse notifies the surgeon
immediately. Which electrolyte disturbance most commonly follows thyroid
surgery?
a. Hypocalcemia
b. Hyponatremia
c. Hyperkalemia

d. Hypermagnesemia
77. Which laboratory test value is elevated in clients who smoke and can't
be used as a general indicator of cancer?
a. Acid phosphatase level

b. Serum calcitonin level
c. Alkaline phosphatase level
d. Carcinoembryonic antigen level
78. Francis with anemia has been admitted to the medical-surgical unit.
Which assessment findings are characteristic of iron-deficiency anemia?
a. Nights sweats, weight loss, and diarrhea

b. Dyspnea, tachycardia, and pallor
c. Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia
d. Itching, rash, and jaundice
79. In teaching a female client who is HIV-positive about pregnancy, the

nurse would know more teaching is necessary when the client says:
a. The baby can get the virus from my placenta."

b. "I'm planning on starting on birth control pills."
c. "Not everyone who has the virus gives birth to a baby who has
the virus."
d. "I'll need to have a C-section if I become pregnant and have a baby."
80. When preparing Judy with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

for discharge to the home, the nurse should be sure to include which
instruction?
a. "Put on disposable gloves before bathing."

b. "Sterilize all plates and utensils in boiling water."
c. "Avoid sharing such articles as toothbrushes and razors."
d. "Avoid eating foods from serving dishes shared by other
family members."
81. Nurse Marie is caring for a 32-year-old client admitted with pernicious
anemia. Which set of findings should the nurse expect when assessing
the client?
a. Pallor, bradycardia, and reduced pulse pressure

b. Pallor, tachycardia, and a sore tongue
c. Sore tongue, dyspnea, and weight gain
d. Angina, double vision, and anorexia

82. After receiving a dose of penicillin, a client develops dyspnea and
hypotension. Nurse Celestina suspects the client is experiencing
anaphylactic shock. What should the nurse do first?
a. Page an anesthesiologist immediately and prepare to intubate

the client.
b. Administer epinephrine, as prescribed, and prepare to intubate
the client if necessary.
c. Administer the antidote for penicillin, as prescribed, and continue
to monitor the client's vital signs.
d. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter and begin to infuse I.V. fluids
as ordered.
83. Mr. Marquez with rheumatoid arthritis is about to begin aspirin therapy to
reduce inflammation. When teaching the client about aspirin, the nurse
discusses adverse reactions to prolonged aspirin therapy. These include:
a. weight gain.
b. fine motor tremors.
c. respiratory acidosis.
d. bilateral hearing loss.
84. A 23-year-old client is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

After recovering from the initial shock of the diagnosis, the client expresses a
desire to learn as much as possible about HIV and acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS). When teaching the client about the immune system, the
nurse states that adaptive immunity is provided by which type of white blood
cell?
a. Neutrophil
b. Basophil
c. Monocyte
d. Lymphocyte
85. In an individual with Sjögren's syndrome, nursing care should focus on:
a. moisture replacement.
b. electrolyte balance.
c. nutritional supplementation.
d. arrhythmia management.
86. During chemotherapy for lymphocytic leukemia, Mathew develops abdominal

pain, fever, and "horse barn" smelling diarrhea. It would be most important for
the nurse to advise the physician to order:
a. enzyme-linked immunosuppressant assay (ELISA) test.

b. electrolyte panel and hemogram.

c. stool for Clostridium difficile test.
d. flat plate X-ray of the abdomen.
87. A male client seeks medical evaluation for fatigue, night sweats, and a 20-
lb weight loss in 6 weeks. To confirm that the client has been infected with the
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the nurse expects the physician to order:
a. E-rosette immunofluorescence.
b. quantification of T-lymphocytes.
c. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
d. Western blot test with ELISA.
88. A complete blood count is commonly performed before a Joe goes

into surgery. What does this test seek to identify?
a. Potential hepatic dysfunction indicated by decreased blood

urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels
b. Low levels of urine constituents normally excreted in the urine
c. Abnormally low hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels
d. Electrolyte imbalance that could affect the blood's ability to
coagulate properly
89. While monitoring a client for the development of disseminated intravascular

coagulation (DIC), the nurse should take note of what assessment
parameters?
a. Platelet count, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time

b. Platelet count, blood glucose levels, and white blood cell (WBC) count
c. Thrombin time, calcium levels, and potassium levels
d. Fibrinogen level, WBC, and platelet count
90. When taking a dietary history from a newly admitted female client, Nurse
Len should remember that which of the following foods is a common allergen?
a. Bread
b. Carrots
c. Orange
d. Strawberries
91. Nurse John is caring for clients in the outpatient clinic. Which of the
following phone calls should the nurse return first?
a. A client with hepatitis A who states, “My arms and legs are itching.”
b. A client with cast on the right leg who states, “I have a funny feeling
in my right leg.”
c. A client with osteomyelitis of the spine who states, “I am so
nauseous that I can’t eat.”

d. A client with rheumatoid arthritis who states, “I am having
trouble sleeping.”
92. Nurse Sarah is caring for clients on the surgical floor and has just received
report from the previous shift. Which of the following clients should the nurse
see first?
a. A 35-year-old admitted three hours ago with a gunshot wound; 1.5

cm area of dark drainage noted on the dressing.
b. A 43-year-old who had a mastectomy two days ago; 23 ml
of serosanguinous fluid noted in the Jackson-Pratt drain.
c. A 59-year-old with a collapsed lung due to an accident; no
drainage noted in the previous eight hours.
d. A 62-year-old who had an abdominal-perineal resection three
days ago; client complaints of chills.
93. Nurse Eve is caring for a client who had a thyroidectomy 12 hours ago for
treatment of Grave’s disease. The nurse would be most concerned if which of
the following was observed?
a. Blood pressure 138/82, respirations 16, oral temperature 99

degrees Fahrenheit.
b. The client supports his head and neck when turning his head to
the right.
c. The client spontaneously flexes his wrist when the blood pressure
is obtained.
d. The client is drowsy and complains of sore throat.
94. Julius is admitted with complaints of severe pain in the lower right quadrant
of the abdomen. To assist with pain relief, the nurse should take which of the
following actions?
a. Encourage the client to change positions frequently in bed.

b. Administer Demerol 50 mg IM q 4 hours and PRN.
c. Apply warmth to the abdomen with a heating pad.
d. Use comfort measures and pillows to position the client.
95. Nurse Tina prepares a client for peritoneal dialysis. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take first?
a. Assess for a bruit and a thrill.

b. Warm the dialysate solution.
c. Position the client on the left side.
d. Insert a Foley catheter

96. Nurse Jannah teaches an elderly client with right-sided weakness how to use
cane. Which of the following behaviors, if demonstrated by the client to the
nurse, indicates that the teaching was effective?
a. The client holds the cane with his right hand, moves the can
forward followed by the right leg, and then moves the left leg.
b. The client holds the cane with his right hand, moves the cane
forward followed by his left leg, and then moves the right leg.
c. The client holds the cane with his left hand, moves the cane
d. The client holds the cane with his left hand, moves the cane
forward followed by his left leg, and then moves the right leg.
97. An elderly client is admitted to the nursing home setting. The client is
occasionally confused and her gait is often unsteady. Which of the
following actions, if taken by the nurse, is most appropriate?
a. Ask the woman’s family to provide personal items such as photos

or mementos.
b. Select a room with a bed by the door so the woman can look down
the hall.
c. Suggest the woman eat her meals in the room with her roommate.
d. Encourage the woman to ambulate in the halls twice a day.
98. Nurse Evangeline teaches an elderly client how to use a standard aluminum
walker. Which of the following behaviors, if demonstrated by the client,
indicates that the nurse’s teaching was effective?
a. The client slowly pushes the walker forward 12 inches, then

takes small steps forward while leaning on the walker.
b. The client lifts the walker, moves it forward 10 inches, and then
takes several small steps forward.
c. The client supports his weight on the walker while advancing it
forward, then takes small steps while balancing on the walker.
d. The client slides the walker 18 inches forward, then takes small
steps while holding onto the walker for balance.
99. Nurse Deric is supervising a group of elderly clients in a residential

home setting. The nurse knows that the elderly are at greater risk of
developing sensory deprivation for what reason?
a. Increased sensitivity to the side effects of medications.

b. Decreased visual, auditory, and gustatory abilities.
c. Isolation from their families and familiar surroundings.
d. Decrease musculoskeletal function and mobility.

100. A male client with emphysema becomes restless and confused. What
step should nurse Jasmine take next?
a. Encourage the client to perform pursed lip breathing.

b. Check the client’s temperature.
c. Assess the client’s potassium level.
d. Increase the client’s oxygen flow rate.

NURSING PRACTICE IV


TEST IV - Care of Clients with Physiologic and Psychosocial Alterations
1. Randy has undergone kidney transplant, what assessment would

prompt Nurse Katrina to suspect organ rejection?
a. Sudden weight loss

b. Polyuria
c. Hypertension
d. Shock
2. The immediate objective of nursing care for an overweight, mildly

hypertensive male client with ureteral colic and hematuria is to
decrease:
a. Pain
b. Weight
c. Hematuria
d. Hypertension
3. Matilda, with hyperthyroidism is to receive Lugol’s iodine solution before

a subtotal thyroidectomy is performed. The nurse is aware that this
medication is given to:
a. Decrease the total basal metabolic rate.

b. Maintain the function of the parathyroid glands.
c. Block the formation of thyroxine by the thyroid gland.
d. Decrease the size and vascularity of the thyroid gland.
4. Ricardo, was diagnosed with type I diabetes. The nurse is aware that
acute hypoglycemia also can develop in the client who is diagnosed
with:
a. Liver disease
b. Hypertension
c. Type 2 diabetes
d. Hyperthyroidism
5. Tracy is receiving combination chemotherapy for treatment of metastatic

carcinoma. Nurse Ruby should monitor the client for the systemic side
effect of:
a. Ascites
b. Nystagmus
c. Leukopenia
d. Polycythemia

6. Norma, with recent colostomy expresses concern about the inability to
control the passage of gas. Nurse Oliver should suggest that the
client plan to:
a. Eliminate foods high in cellulose.

b. Decrease fluid intake at meal times.
c. Avoid foods that in the past caused flatus.
d. Adhere to a bland diet prior to social events.
7. Nurse Ron begins to teach a male client how to perform colostomy

irrigations. The nurse would evaluate that the instructions were
understood when the client states, “I should:
a. Lie on my left side while instilling the irrigating solution.”

b. Keep the irrigating container less than 18 inches above the stoma.”
c. Instill a minimum of 1200 ml of irrigating solution to
stimulate evacuation of the bowel.”
d. Insert the irrigating catheter deeper into the stoma if
cramping occurs during the procedure.”
8. Patrick is in the oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis and is

experiencing fluid and electrolyte imbalances. The client is somewhat
confused and complains of nausea and muscle weakness. As part of
the prescribed therapy to correct this electrolyte imbalance, the nurse
would expect to:
a. Administer Kayexalate
b. Restrict foods high in protein
c. Increase oral intake of cheese and milk.
d. Administer large amounts of normal saline via I.V.
9. Mario has burn injury. After Forty48 hours, the physician orders for Mario
2 liters of IV fluid to be administered q12 h. The drop factor of the tubing
is 10 gtt/ml. The nurse should set the flow to provide:
a. 18 gtt/min
b. 28 gtt/min
c. 32 gtt/min
d. 36 gtt/min
10. Terence suffered form burn injury. Using the rule of nines, which has
the largest percent of burns?
a. Face and neck

b. Right upper arm and penis

c. Right thigh and penis
d. Upper trunk
11. Herbert, a 45 year old construction engineer is brought to the hospital

unconscious after falling from a 2-story building. When assessing the
client, the nurse would be most concerned if the assessment
revealed:
a. Reactive pupils
b. A depressed fontanel
c. Bleeding from ears
d. An elevated temperature
12. Nurse Sherry is teaching male client regarding his permanent artificial
pacemaker. Which information given by the nurse shows her
knowledge deficit about the artificial cardiac pacemaker?
a. take the pulse rate once a day, in the morning upon awakening
b. May be allowed to use electrical appliances
c. Have regular follow up care
d. May engage in contact sports
13. The nurse is ware that the most relevant knowledge about
oxygen administration to a male client with COPD is
a. Oxygen at 1-2L/min is given to maintain the hypoxic stimulus

for breathing.
b. Hypoxia stimulates the central chemoreceptors in the medulla
that makes the client breath.
c. Oxygen is administered best using a non-rebreathing mask
d. Blood gases are monitored using a pulse oximeter.
14. Tonny has undergoes a left thoracotomy and a partial pneumonectomy.

Chest tubes are inserted, and one-bottle water-seal drainage is
instituted in the operating room. In the postanesthesia care unit Tonny is
placed in Fowler's position on either his right side or on his back. The
nurse is aware that this position:
a. Reduce incisional pain.

b. Facilitate ventilation of the left lung.
c. Equalize pressure in the pleural space.
d. Increase venous return
15. Kristine is scheduled for a bronchoscopy. When teaching Kristine what

to expect afterward, the nurse's highest priority of information would be:

a. Food and fluids will be withheld for at least 2 hours.
b. Warm saline gargles will be done q 2h.
c. Coughing and deep-breathing exercises will be done q2h.
d. Only ice chips and cold liquids will be allowed initially.
16. Nurse Tristan is caring for a male client in acute renal failure. The
nurse should expect hypertonic glucose, insulin infusions, and sodium
bicarbonate to be used to treat:
a. hypernatremia.
b. hypokalemia.
c. hyperkalemia.
d. hypercalcemia.
17. Ms. X has just been diagnosed with condylomata acuminata

(genital warts). What information is appropriate to tell this client?
a. This condition puts her at a higher risk for cervical cancer;

therefore, she should have a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear
annually.
b. The most common treatment is metronidazole (Flagyl),
which should eradicate the problem within 7 to 10 days.
c. The potential for transmission to her sexual partner will be
eliminated if condoms are used every time they have
sexual intercourse.
d. The human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes
condylomata acuminata, can't be transmitted during oral sex.
18. Maritess was recently diagnosed with a genitourinary problem and is

being examined in the emergency department. When palpating the
her kidneys, the nurse should keep which anatomical fact in mind?
a. The left kidney usually is slightly higher than the right one.
b. The kidneys are situated just above the adrenal glands.
c. The average kidney is approximately 5 cm (2") long and 2 to 3
cm (¾" to 1-1/8") wide.
d. The kidneys lie between the 10th and 12th thoracic vertebrae.
19. Jestoni with chronic renal failure (CRF) is admitted to the urology unit.
The nurse is aware that the diagnostic test are consistent with CRF if the
result is:
a. Increased pH with decreased hydrogen ions.

b. Increased serum levels of potassium, magnesium, and calcium.
c. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 100 mg/dl and serum creatinine 6.5
mg/ dl.

d. Uric acid analysis 3.5 mg/dl and phenolsulfonphthalein
(PSP) excretion 75%.
20. Katrina has an abnormal result on a Papanicolaou test. After admitting
that she read her chart while the nurse was out of the room, Katrina
asks what dysplasia means. Which definition should the nurse provide?
a. Presence of completely undifferentiated tumor cells that

don't resemble cells of the tissues of their origin.
b. Increase in the number of normal cells in a normal arrangement
in a tissue or an organ.
c. Replacement of one type of fully differentiated cell by another
in tissues where the second type normally isn't found.
d. Alteration in the size, shape, and organization of differentiated cells.
21. During a routine checkup, Nurse Mariane assesses a male client with
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for signs and symptoms
of cancer. What is the most common AIDS-related cancer?
a. Squamous cell carcinoma

b. Multiple myeloma
c. Leukemia
d. Kaposi's sarcoma
22. Ricardo is scheduled for a prostatectomy, and the anesthesiologist plans

to use a spinal (subarachnoid) block during surgery. In the operating
room, the nurse positions the client according to the anesthesiologist's
instructions. Why does the client require special positioning for this type
of anesthesia?
a. To prevent confusion
b. To prevent seizures
c. To prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage
d. To prevent cardiac arrhythmias
23.A A male client had a nephrectomy 2 days ago and is now complaining
of abdominal pressure and nausea. The first nursing action should be
to:
a. Auscultate bowel sounds.

b. Palpate the abdomen.
c. Change the client's position.
d. Insert a rectal tube.
24. Wilfredo with a recent history of rectal bleeding is being prepared for a
colonoscopy. How should the nurse Patricia position the client for this
test initially?

a. Lying on the right side with legs straight
b. Lying on the left side with knees bent
c. Prone with the torso elevated
d. Bent over with hands touching the floor
25.A A male client with inflammatory bowel disease undergoes an

ileostomy. On the first day after surgery, Nurse Oliver notes that the
client's stoma appears dusky. How should the nurse interpret this
finding?
a. Blood supply to the stoma has been interrupted.

b. This is a normal finding 1 day after surgery.
c. The ostomy bag should be adjusted.
d. An intestinal obstruction has occurred.
26. Anthony suffers burns on the legs, which nursing intervention

helps prevent contractures?
a. Applying knee splints

b. Elevating the foot of the bed
c. Hyperextending the client's palms
d. Performing shoulder range-of-motion exercises
27. Nurse Ron is assessing a client admitted with second- and third-
degree burns on the face, arms, and chest. Which finding indicates a
potential problem?
a. Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) value of 80 mm Hg.

b. Urine output of 20 ml/hour.
c. White pulmonary secretions.
d. Rectal temperature of 100.6° F (38° C).
28. Mr. Mendoza who has suffered a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is too
weak to move on his own. To help the client avoid pressure ulcers,
Nurse Celia should:
a. Turn him frequently.

b. Perform passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises.
c. Reduce the client's fluid intake.
d. Encourage the client to use a footboard.

29. Nurse Maria plans to administer dexamethasone cream to a female
client who has dermatitis over the anterior chest. How should the nurse
apply this topical agent?
a. With a circular motion, to enhance absorption.

b. With an upward motion, to increase blood supply to the
affected area
c. In long, even, outward, and downward strokes in the direction
of hair growth
d. In long, even, outward, and upward strokes in the direction
opposite hair growth
30. Nurse Kate is aware that one of the following classes of

medication protect the ischemic myocardium by blocking
catecholamines and sympathetic nerve stimulation is:
a. Beta -adrenergic blockers

b. Calcium channel blocker
c. Narcotics
d. Nitrates
31.A A male client has jugular distention. On what position should the
nurse place the head of the bed to obtain the most accurate reading of
jugular vein distention?
a. High Fowler’s
b. Raised 10 degrees
c. Raised 30 degrees
d. Supine position
32. The nurse is aware that one of the following classes of medications
maximizes cardiac performance in clients with heart failure by
increasing ventricular contractility?
a. Beta-adrenergic blockers
b. Calcium channel blocker
c. Diuretics
d. Inotropic agents
33.A A male client has a reduced serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level
and an elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level. Which of the
following dietary modifications is not appropriate for this client?
a. Fiber intake of 25 to 30 g daily

b. Less than 30% of calories form fat
c. Cholesterol intake of less than 300 mg daily
d. Less than 10% of calories from saturated fat
34. A 37-year-old male client was admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU) 2
days ago with an acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following
actions would breach the client confidentiality?
a. The CCU nurse gives a verbal report to the nurse on the

telemetry unit before transferring the client to that unit
b. The CCU nurse notifies the on-call physician about a change in
the client’s condition
c. The emergency department nurse calls up the latest
electrocardiogram results to check the client’s progress.
d. At the client’s request, the CCU nurse updates the client’s wife
on his condition
35. A male client arriving in the emergency department is receiving

cardiopulmonary resuscitation from paramedics who are giving ventilations
through an endotracheal (ET) tube that they placed in the client’s home. During
a pause in compressions, the cardiac monitor shows narrow QRS complexes
and a heart rate of beats/minute with a palpable pulse. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take first?
a. Start an L.V. line and administer amiodarone (Cardarone), 300 mg

L.V. over 10 minutes.
b. Check endotracheal tube placement.
c. Obtain an arterial blood gas (ABG) sample.
d. Administer atropine, 1 mg L.V.
36. After cardiac surgery, a client’s blood pressure measures 126/80 mm

Hg. Nurse Katrina determines that mean arterial pressure (MAP) is which of
the following?
a. 46 mm Hg
b. 80 mm Hg
c. 95 mm Hg
d. 90 mm Hg
37. A female client arrives at the emergency department with chest and
stomach pain and a report of black tarry stool for several months. Which of the
following order should the nurse Oliver anticipate?
a. Cardiac monitor, oxygen, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels

b. Prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and fibrin
split product values.

c. Electrocardiogram, complete blood count, testing for occult blood,
comprehensive serum metabolic panel.
d. Electroencephalogram, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate
aminotransferase levels, basic serum metabolic panel
38. Macario had coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery 3 days ago.
Which of the following conditions is suspected by the nurse when a decrease in
platelet count from 230,000 ul to 5,000 ul is noted?
a. Pancytopenia
b. Idiopathic thrombocytopemic purpura (ITP)
c. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
d. Heparin-associated thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (HATT)
39. Which of the following drugs would be ordered by the physician to

improve the platelet count in a male client with idiopathic thrombocytopenic
purpura (ITP)?
a. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)

b. Corticosteroids
c. Methotrezate
d. Vitamin K
40. A female client is scheduled to receive a heart valve replacement with

a porcine valve. Which of the following types of transplant is this?
a. Allogeneic
b. Autologous
c. Syngeneic
d. Xenogeneic
41. Marco falls off his bicycle and injuries his ankle. Which of the
following actions shows the initial response to the injury in the extrinsic
pathway?
a. Release of Calcium
b. Release of tissue thromboplastin
c. Conversion of factors XII to factor XIIa
d. Conversion of factor VIII to factor VIIIa
42. Instructions for a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

would include information about which of the following blood dyscrasias?
a. Dressler’s syndrome
b. Polycythemia
c. Essential thrombocytopenia

d. Von Willebrand’s disease
43. The nurse is aware that the following symptoms is most commonly an
early indication of stage 1 Hodgkin’s disease?
a. Pericarditis
b. Night sweat
c. Splenomegaly
d. Persistent hypothermia
44. Francis with leukemia has neutropenia. Which of the following functions
must frequently assessed?
a. Blood pressure
b. Bowel sounds
c. Heart sounds
d. Breath sounds
45. The nurse knows that neurologic complications of multiple myeloma

(MM) usually involve which of the following body system?
a. Brain
b. Muscle spasm
c. Renal dysfunction
d. Myocardial irritability
46. Nurse Patricia is aware that the average length of time from
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to the development of
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
a. Less than 5 years

b. 5 to 7 years
c. 10 years
d. More than 10 years
47. An 18-year-old male client admitted with heat stroke begins to show signs
of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which of the following
laboratory findings is most consistent with DIC?
a. Low platelet count

b. Elevated fibrinogen levels
c. Low levels of fibrin degradation products
d. Reduced prothrombin time

48. Mario comes to the clinic complaining of fever, drenching night sweats, and
unexplained weight loss over the past 3 months. Physical examination reveals
a single enlarged supraclavicular lymph node. Which of the following is the
most probable diagnosis?
a. Influenza
b. Sickle cell anemia
c. Leukemia
d. Hodgkin’s disease
49. A male client with a gunshot wound requires an emergency blood

transfusion. His blood type is AB negative. Which blood type would be the
safest for him to receive?
a. AB Rh-positive
b. A Rh-positive
c. A Rh-negative
d. O Rh-positive
Situation: Stacy is diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and

beginning chemotherapy.
50. Stacy is discharged from the hospital following her chemotherapy

treatments. Which statement of Stacy’s mother indicated that she understands
when she will contact the physician?
a. “I should contact the physician if Stacy has difficulty in sleeping”.

b. “I will call my doctor if Stacy has persistent vomiting and diarrhea”.
c. “My physician should be called if Stacy is irritable and unhappy”.
d. “Should Stacy have continued hair loss, I need to call the doctor”.
51. Stacy’s mother states to the nurse that it is hard to see Stacy with no
hair. The best response for the nurse is:
a. “Stacy looks very nice wearing a hat”.

b. “You should not worry about her hair, just be glad that she is alive”.
c. “Yes it is upsetting. But try to cover up your feelings when you are with
her or else she may be upset”.
d. “This is only temporary; Stacy will re-grow new hair in 3-6 months,
but may be different in texture”.
52. Stacy has beginning stomatitis. To promote oral hygiene and comfort,
the nurse in-charge should:
a. Provide frequent mouthwash with normal saline.

b. Apply viscous Lidocaine to oral ulcers as needed.
c. Use lemon glycerine swabs every 2 hours.
d. Rinse mouth with Hydrogen Peroxide.
53. During the administration of chemotherapy agents, Nurse Oliver observed

that the IV site is red and swollen, when the IV is touched Stacy shouts in
pain. The first nursing action to take is:
a. Notify the physician

b. Flush the IV line with saline solution
c. Immediately discontinue the infusion
d. Apply an ice pack to the site, followed by warm compress.
54. The term “blue bloater” refers to a male client which of the
following conditions?

b. Asthma
d. Emphysema
55. The term “pink puffer” refers to the female client with which of the

b. Asthma
d. Emphysema
56. Jose is in danger of respiratory arrest following the administration of a

narcotic analgesic. An arterial blood gas value is obtained. Nurse Oliver
would expect the paco2 to be which of the following values?
a. 15 mm Hg
b. 30 mm Hg
c. 40 mm Hg
d. 80 mm Hg
57. Timothy’s arterial blood gas (ABG) results are as follows; pH 7.16; Paco2 80
mm Hg; Pao2 46 mm Hg; HCO3- 24mEq/L; Sao2 81%. This ABG result
represents which of the following conditions?
a. Metabolic acidosis
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Respiratory acidosis

d. Respirator y alkalosis
58. Norma has started a new drug for hypertension. Thirty minutes after she
takes the drug, she develops chest tightness and becomes short of breath and
tachypneic. She has a decreased level of consciousness. These signs
indicate which of the following conditions?
a. Asthma attack
b. Pulmonary embolism
c. Respiratory failure
d. Rheumatoid arthritis
Situation: Mr. Gonzales was admitted to the hospital with ascites and
jaundice. To rule out cirrhosis of the liver:
59. Which laboratory test indicates liver cirrhosis?
a. Decreased red blood cell count

b. Decreased serum acid phosphate level
c. Elevated white blood cell count
d. Elevated serum aminotransferase
60.The biopsy of Mr. Gonzales confirms the diagnosis of cirrhosis. Mr.

Gonzales is at increased risk for excessive bleeding primarily because of:
a. Impaired clotting mechanism

b. Varix formation
c. Inadequate nutrition
d. Trauma of invasive procedure
61. Mr. Gonzales develops hepatic encephalopathy. Which clinical

manifestation is most common with this condition?
a. Increased urine output

b. Altered level of consciousness
c. Decreased tendon reflex
d. Hypotension
62. When Mr. Gonzales regained consciousness, the physician orders 50 ml

of Lactose p.o. every 2 hours. Mr. Gozales develops diarrhea. The nurse best
action would be:
a. “I’ll see if your physician is in the hospital”.

b. “Maybe your reacting to the drug; I will withhold the next dose”.

c. “I’ll lower the dosage as ordered so the drug causes only 2 to 4
stools a day”.
d. “Frequently, bowel movements are needed to reduce sodium level”.
63. Which of the following groups of symptoms indicates a ruptured

abdominal aortic aneurysm?
a. Lower back pain, increased blood pressure, decreased re blood

cell (RBC) count, increased white blood (WBC) count.
b. Severe lower back pain, decreased blood pressure,
decreased RBC count, increased WBC count.
c. Severe lower back pain, decreased blood pressure,
decreased RBC count, decreased RBC count, decreased
WBC count.
d. Intermitted lower back pain, decreased blood pressure,
64. After undergoing a cardiac catheterization, Tracy has a large puddle of

blood under his buttocks. Which of the following steps should the nurse take
first?
a. Call for help.

b. Obtain vital signs
c. Ask the client to “lift up”
d. Apply gloves and assess the groin site
65. Which of the following treatment is a suitable surgical intervention for a

client with unstable angina?
a. Cardiac catheterization
b. Echocardiogram
c. Nitroglycerin
d. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
66. The nurse is aware that the following terms used to describe reduced
cardiac output and perfusion impairment due to ineffective pumping of the heart
is:
a. Anaphylactic shock
b. Cardiogenic shock
c. Distributive shock
d. Myocardial infarction (MI)
67. A client with hypertension ask the nurse which factors can cause
blood pressure to drop to normal levels?
a. Kidneys’ excretion to sodium only.

b. Kidneys’ retention of sodium and water
c. Kidneys’ excretion of sodium and water

d. Kidneys’ retention of sodium and excretion of water
68. Nurse Rose is aware that the statement that best explains why furosemide
(Lasix) is administered to treat hypertension is:
a. It dilates peripheral blood vessels.

b. It decreases sympathetic cardioacceleration.
c. It inhibits the angiotensin-coverting enzymes
d. It inhibits reabsorption of sodium and water in the loop of Henle.
69. Nurse Nikki knows that laboratory results supports the diagnosis of
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is:
a. Elavated serum complement level

b. Thrombocytosis, elevated sedimentation rate
c. Pancytopenia, elevated antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer
d. Leukocysis, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels
70. Arnold, a 19-year-old client with a mild concussion is discharged from the
emergency department. Before discharge, he complains of a headache.
When offered acetaminophen, his mother tells the nurse the headache is
severe and she would like her son to have something stronger. Which of the
following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
a. “Your son had a mild concussion, acetaminophen is strong enough.”

b. “Aspirin is avoided because of the danger of Reye’s syndrome
in children or young adults.”
c. “Narcotics are avoided after a head injury because they may hide
a worsening condition.”
d. Stronger medications may lead to vomiting, which increases
the intracarnial pressure (ICP).”
71. When evaluating an arterial blood gas from a male client with a
subdural hematoma, the nurse notes the Paco2 is 30 mm Hg. Which of the
following responses best describes the result?
a. Appropriate; lowering carbon dioxide (CO2) reduces

intracranial pressure (ICP)
b. Emergent; the client is poorly oxygenated
c. Normal
d. Significant; the client has alveolar hypoventilation
72. When prioritizing care, which of the following clients should the nurse
Olivia assess first?

a. A 17-year-old clients 24-hours postappendectomy
b. A 33-year-old client with a recent diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome
c. A 50-year-old client 3 days postmyocardial infarction
d. A 50-year-old client with diverticulitis
73. JP has been diagnosed with gout and wants to know why colchicine is
used in the treatment of gout. Which of the following actions of colchicines
explains why it’s effective for gout?
a. Replaces estrogen
b. Decreases infection
c. Decreases inflammation
d. Decreases bone demineralization
74. Norma asks for information about osteoarthritis. Which of the

following statements about osteoarthritis is correct?
a. Osteoarthritis is rarely debilitating

b. Osteoarthritis is a rare form of arthritis
c. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis
d. Osteoarthritis afflicts people over 60
75. Ruby is receiving thyroid replacement therapy develops the flu and forgets
to take her thyroid replacement medicine. The nurse understands that skipping
this medication will put the client at risk for developing which of the following life-
threatening complications?
a. Exophthalmos
b. Thyroid storm
c. Myxedema coma
d. Tibial myxedema
76. Nurse Sugar is assessing a client with Cushing's syndrome.

Which observation should the nurse report to the physician
immediately?
a. Pitting edema of the legs

b. An irregular apical pulse
c. Dry mucous membranes
d. Frequent urination
77. Cyrill with severe head trauma sustained in a car accident is admitted to the
intensive care unit. Thirty-six hours later, the client's urine output suddenly
rises above 200 ml/hour, leading the nurse to suspect diabetes insipidus.
Which laboratory findings support the nurse's suspicion of diabetes insipidus?

a. Above-normal urine and serum osmolality levels
b. Below-normal urine and serum osmolality levels
c. Above-normal urine osmolality level, below-normal serum osmolality
level
d. Below-normal urine osmolality level, above-normal serum
osmolality level
78. Jomari is diagnosed with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic

syndrome (HHNS) is stabilized and prepared for discharge. When preparing
the client for discharge and home management, which of the following
statements indicates that the client understands her condition and how to
control it?
a. "I can avoid getting sick by not becoming dehydrated and by

paying attention to my need to urinate, drink, or eat more than
usual."
b. "If I experience trembling, weakness, and headache, I should drink
a glass of soda that contains sugar."
c. "I will have to monitor my blood glucose level closely and notify
the physician if it's constantly elevated."
d. "If I begin to feel especially hungry and thirsty, I'll eat a snack high
in carbohydrates."
79. A 66-year-old client has been complaining of sleeping more, increased

urination, anorexia, weakness, irritability, depression, and bone pain that
interferes with her going outdoors. Based on these assessment findings,
the nurse would suspect which of the following disorders?
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Diabetes insipidus
c. Hypoparathyroidism
d. Hyperparathyroidism
80. Nurse Lourdes is teaching a client recovering from addisonian crisis

about the need to take fludrocortisone acetate and hydrocortisone at home.
Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the instructions?
a. "I'll take my hydrocortisone in the late afternoon, before dinner."

b. "I'll take all of my hydrocortisone in the morning, right after I
wake up."
c. "I'll take two-thirds of the dose when I wake up and one-third in
the late afternoon."
d. "I'll take the entire dose at bedtime."
81..Which of the following laboratory test results would suggest to the nurse Len
that a client has a corticotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma?
a. High corticotropin and low cortisol levels

b. Low corticotropin and high cortisol levels
c. High corticotropin and high cortisol levels
d. Low corticotropin and low cortisol levels
82. A male client is scheduled for a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy to

remove a pituitary tumor. Preoperatively, the nurse should assess for potential
complications by doing which of the following?
a. Testing for ketones in the urine

b. Testing urine specific gravity
c. Checking temperature every 4 hours
d. Performing capillary glucose testing every 4 hours
83. Capillary glucose monitoring is being performed every 4 hours for a client
diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis. Insulin is administered using a scale of
regular insulin according to glucose results. At 2 p.m., the client has a
capillary glucose level of 250 mg/dl for which he receives 8 U of regular
insulin. Nurse Mariner should expect the dose's:
a. onset to be at 2 p.m. and its peak to be at 3 p.m.

b. onset to be at 2:15 p.m. and its peak to be at 3 p.m.
c. onset to be at 2:30 p.m. and its peak to be at 4 p.m.
d. onset to be at 4 p.m. and its peak to be at 6 p.m.
84. The physician orders laboratory tests to confirm hyperthyroidism in a

female client with classic signs and symptoms of this disorder. Which test result
would confirm the diagnosis?
a. No increase in the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level after

30 minutes during the TSH stimulation test
b. A decreased TSH level
c. An increase in the TSH level after 30 minutes during the TSH
stimulation test
d. Below-normal levels of serum triiodothyronine (T3) and serum
thyroxine (T4) as detected by radioimmunoassay
85. Rico with diabetes mellitus must learn how to self-administer insulin. The
physician has prescribed 10 U of U-100 regular insulin and 35 U of U-100
isophane insulin suspension (NPH) to be taken before breakfast. When teaching
the client how to select and rotate insulin injection sites, the nurse should
provide which instruction?
a. "Inject insulin into healthy tissue with large blood vessels and nerves."
b. "Rotate injection sites within the same anatomic region, not
among different regions."

c. "Administer insulin into areas of scar tissue or hypotrophy
whenever possible."
d. "Administer insulin into sites above muscles that you plan to
exercise heavily later that day."
86. Nurse Sarah expects to note an elevated serum glucose level in a client
with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS). Which other
laboratory finding should the nurse anticipate?
a. Elevated serum acetone level

b. Serum ketone bodies
c. Serum alkalosis
d. Below-normal serum potassium level
87. For a client with Graves' disease, which nursing intervention

promotes comfort?
a. Restricting intake of oral fluids

b. Placing extra blankets on the client's bed
c. Limiting intake of high-carbohydrate foods
d. Maintaining room temperature in the low-normal range
88. Patrick is treated in the emergency department for a Colles'

fracture sustained during a fall. What is a Colles' fracture?
a. Fracture of the distal radius

b. Fracture of the olecranon
c. Fracture of the humerus
d. Fracture of the carpal scaphoid
89. Cleo is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which electrolytes are involved in

the development of this disorder?
a. Calcium and sodium

b. Calcium and phosphorous
c. Phosphorous and potassium
d. Potassium and sodium
90. Johnny a firefighter was involved in extinguishing a house fire and is

being treated to smoke inhalation. He develops severe hypoxia 48 hours after
the incident, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. He most likely
has developed which of the following conditions?

b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchitis

d. Pneumonia
91. A 67-year-old client develops acute shortness of breath and progressive

hypoxia requiring right femur. The hypoxia was probably caused by which of
the following conditions?
a. Asthma attack
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchitis
d. Fat embolism
92. A client with shortness of breath has decreased to absent breath sounds on
the right side, from the apex to the base. Which of the following conditions
would best explain this?
a. Acute asthma
b. Chronic bronchitis
c. Pneumonia
d. Spontaneous pneumothorax
93. A 62-year-old male client was in a motor vehicle accident as an unrestrained

driver. He’s now in the emergency department complaining of difficulty of
breathing and chest pain. On auscultation of his lung field, no breath sounds are
present in the upper lobe. This client may have which of the following
conditions?
a. Bronchitis
b. Pneumonia
c. Pneumothorax
d. Tuberculosis (TB)
94. If a client requires a pneumonectomy, what fills the area of the

thoracic cavity?
a. The space remains filled with air only

b. The surgeon fills the space with a gel
c. Serous fluids fills the space and consolidates the region
d. The tissue from the other lung grows over to the other side
95. Hemoptysis may be present in the client with a pulmonary embolism

because of which of the following reasons?
a. Alveolar damage in the infracted area

b. Involvement of major blood vessels in the occluded area
c. Loss of lung parenchyma

d. Loss of lung tissue
96. Aldo with a massive pulmonary embolism will have an arterial blood gas
analysis performed to determine the extent of hypoxia. The acid-base
disorder that may be present is?
a. Metabolic acidosis
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Respiratory alkalosis
97. After a motor vehicle accident, Armand an 22-year-old client is admitted with
a pneumothorax. The surgeon inserts a chest tube and attaches it to a chest
drainage system. Bubbling soon appears in the water seal chamber. Which of
the following is the most likely cause of the bubbling?
a. Air leak
b. Adequate suction
c. Inadequate suction
d. Kinked chest tube
98. Nurse Michelle calculates the IV flow rate for a postoperative client. The
client receives 3,000 ml of Ringer’s lactate solution IV to run over 24 hours.
The IV infusion set has a drop factor of 10 drops per milliliter. The nurse should
regulate the client’s IV to deliver how many drops per minute?
a. 18
b. 21
c. 35
d. 40
99. Mickey, a 6-year-old child with a congenital heart disorder is admitted with
congestive heart failure. Digoxin (lanoxin) 0.12 mg is ordered for the child.
The bottle of Lanoxin contains .05 mg of Lanoxin in 1 ml of solution. What
amount should the nurse administer to the child?
a. 1.2 ml
b. 2.4 ml
c. 3.5 ml
d. 4.2 ml
100. Nurse Alexandra teaches a client about elastic stockings. Which of

the following statements, if made by the client, indicates to the nurse that
the teaching was successful?

a. “I will wear the stockings until the physician tells me to remove them.”
b. “I should wear the stockings even when I am sleep.”
c. “Every four hours I should remove the stockings for a half hour.”
d. “I should put on the stockings before getting out of bed in the morning.”

NURSING PRACTICE V


TEST V - Care of Clients with Physiologic and Psychosocial Alterations
1. Mr. Marquez reports of losing his job, not being able to sleep at night, and
feeling upset with his wife. Nurse John responds to the client, “You may
want to talk about your employment situation in group today.” The Nurse
is using which therapeutic technique?
a. Observations
b. Restating
c. Exploring
d. Focusing
2. Tony refuses his evening dose of Haloperidol (Haldol), then becomes

extremely agitated in the dayroom while other clients are watching
television. He begins cursing and throwing furniture. Nurse Oliver
first action is to:
a. Check the client’s medical record for an order for an as-needed

I.M. dose of medication for agitation.
b. Place the client in full leather restraints.
c. Call the attending physician and report the behavior.
d. Remove all other clients from the dayroom.
3. Tina who is manic, but not yet on medication, comes to the drug
treatment center. The nurse would not let this client join the group session
because:
a. The client is disruptive.

b. The client is harmful to self.
c. The client is harmful to others.
d. The client needs to be on medication first.
4. Dervid, an adolescent boy was admitted for substance abuse and

hallucinations. The client’s mother asks Nurse Armando to talk with
his husband when he arrives at the hospital. The mother says that she
is afraid of what the father might say to the boy. The most appropriate
nursing intervention would be to:
a. Inform the mother that she and the father can work through
this problem themselves.
b. Refer the mother to the hospital social worker.
c. Agree to talk with the mother and the father together.
d. Suggest that the father and son work things out.
5. What is Nurse John likely to note in a male client being admitted

for alcohol withdrawal?

a. Perceptual disorders.
b. Impending coma.
c. Recent alcohol intake.
d. Depression with mutism.
6. Aira has taken amitriptyline HCL (Elavil) for 3 days, but now complains
that it “doesn’t help” and refuses to take it. What should the nurse say
or do?
a. Withhold the drug.

b. Record the client’s response.
c. Encourage the client to tell the doctor.
d. Suggest that it takes awhile before seeing the results.
7. Dervid, an adolescent has a history of truancy from school, running away

from home and “barrowing” other people’s things without their
permission. The adolescent denies stealing, rationalizing instead that as
long as no one was using the items, it was all right to borrow them. It is
important for the nurse to understand the psychodynamically, this
behavior may be largely attributed to a developmental defect related to
the:
a. Id
b. Ego
c. Superego
d. Oedipal complex
8. In preparing a female client for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT),

Nurse Michelle knows that succinylcoline (Anectine) will be
administered for which therapeutic effect?
a. Short-acting anesthesia
b. Decreased oral and respiratory secretions.
c. Skeletal muscle paralysis.
d. Analgesia.
9. Nurse Gina is aware that the dietary implications for a client in

manic phase of bipolar disorder is:
a. Serve the client a bowl of soup, buttered French bread, and

apple slices.
b. Increase calories, decrease fat, and decrease protein.
c. Give the client pieces of cut-up steak, carrots, and an apple.
d. Increase calories, carbohydrates, and protein.
10. What parental behavior toward a child during an admission

procedure should cause Nurse Ron to suspect child abuse?

a. Flat affect
b. Expressing guilt
c. Acting overly solicitous toward the child.
d. Ignoring the child.
11. Nurse Lynnette notices that a female client with obsessive-

compulsive disorder washes her hands for long periods each day.
How should the nurse respond to this compulsive behavior?
a. By designating times during which the client can focus on

the behavior.
b. By urging the client to reduce the frequency of the behavior
as rapidly as possible.
c. By calling attention to or attempting to prevent the behavior.
d. By discouraging the client from verbalizing anxieties.
12. After seeking help at an outpatient mental health clinic, Ruby who was
raped while walking her dog is diagnosed with posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD). Three months later, Ruby returns to the clinic,
complaining of fear, loss of control, and helpless feelings. Which
nursing intervention is most appropriate for Ruby?
a. Recommending a high-protein, low-fat diet.

b. Giving sleep medication, as prescribed, to restore a normal
sleep- wake cycle.
c. Allowing the client time to heal.
d. Exploring the meaning of the traumatic event with the client.
13. Meryl, age 19, is highly dependent on her parents and fears leaving
home to go away to college. Shortly before the semester starts, she
complains that her legs are paralyzed and is rushed to the emergency
department. When physical examination rules out a physical cause for
her paralysis, the physician admits her to the psychiatric unit where she is
diagnosed with conversion disorder. Meryl asks the nurse, "Why has this
happened to me?" What is the nurse's best response?
a. "You've developed this paralysis so you can stay with your

parents. You must deal with this conflict if you want to walk again."
b. "It must be awful not to be able to move your legs. You may
feel better if you realize the problem is psychological, not
physical."
c. "Your problem is real but there is no physical basis for it. We'll
work on what is going on in your life to find out why it's happened."
d. "It isn't uncommon for someone with your personality to develop
a conversion disorder during times of stress."

14. Nurse Krina knows that the following drugs have been known to
be effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD):
a. benztropine (Cogentin) and diphenhydramine (Benadryl).

b. chlordiazepoxide (Librium) and diazepam (Valium)
c. fluvoxamine (Luvox) and clomipramine (Anafranil)
d. divalproex (Depakote) and lithium (Lithobid)
15. Alfred was newly diagnosed with anxiety disorder. The physician
prescribed buspirone (BuSpar). The nurse is aware that the teaching
instructions for newly prescribed buspirone should include which of
the following?
a. A warning about the drugs delayed therapeutic effect, which is

from 14 to 30 days.
b. A warning about the incidence of neuroleptic malignant
syndrome (NMS).
c. A reminder of the need to schedule blood work in 1 week to
check blood levels of the drug.
d. A warning that immediate sedation can occur with a resultant
drop in pulse.
16. Richard with agoraphobia has been symptom-free for 4 months.

Classic signs and symptoms of phobias include:
a. Insomnia and an inability to concentrate.

b. Severe anxiety and fear.
c. Depression and weight loss.
d. Withdrawal and failure to distinguish reality from fantasy.
17. Which medications have been found to help reduce or eliminate

panic attacks?
a. Antidepressants
b. Anticholinergics
c. Antipsychotics
d. Mood stabilizers
18.A A client seeks care because she feels depressed and has gained
weight. To treat her atypical depression, the physician prescribes
tranylcypromine sulfate (Parnate), 10 mg by mouth twice per day. When
this drug is used to treat atypical depression, what is its onset of action?
a. 1 to 2 days
b. 3 to 5 days
c. 6 to 8 days

d. 10 to 14 days
19. A 65 years old client is in the first stage of Alzheimer's disease. Nurse
Patricia should plan to focus this client's care on:
a. Offering nourishing finger foods to help maintain the

client's nutritional status.
b. Providing emotional support and individual counseling.
c. Monitoring the client to prevent minor illnesses from turning
into major problems.
d. Suggesting new activities for the client and family to do together.
20. The nurse is assessing a client who has just been admitted to the
emergency department. Which signs would suggest an overdose of
an antianxiety agent?
a. Combativeness, sweating, and confusion

b. Agitation, hyperactivity, and grandiose ideation
c. Emotional lability, euphoria, and impaired memory
d. Suspiciousness, dilated pupils, and increased blood pressure
21. The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with antisocial personality
disorder. The client has a history of fighting, cruelty to animals, and
stealing. Which of the following traits would the nurse be most likely
to uncover during assessment?
a. History of gainful employment

b. Frequent expression of guilt regarding antisocial behavior
c. Demonstrated ability to maintain close, stable relationships
d. A low tolerance for frustration
22. Nurse Amy is providing care for a male client undergoing opiate
withdrawal. Opiate withdrawal causes severe physical discomfort and
can be life-threatening. To minimize these effects, opiate users are
commonly detoxified with:
a. Barbiturates
b. Amphetamines
c. Methadone
d. Benzodiazepines
23. Nurse Cristina is caring for a client who experiences false sensory
perceptions with no basis in reality. These perceptions are known
as:
a. Delusions
b. Hallucinations

c. Loose associations
d. Neologisms
24. Nurse Marco is developing a plan of care for a client with

anorexia nervosa. Which action should the nurse include in the
plan?
a. Restricts visits with the family and friends until the client begins
to eat.
b. Provide privacy during meals.
c. Set up a strict eating plan for the client.
d. Encourage the client to exercise, which will reduce her anxiety.
25. Tim is admitted with a diagnosis of delusions of grandeur. The nurse

is aware that this diagnosis reflects a belief that one is:
a. Highly important or famous.

b. Being persecuted
c. Connected to events unrelated to oneself
d. Responsible for the evil in the world.
26. Nurse Jen is caring for a male client with manic depression. The plan
of care for a client in a manic state would include:
a. Offering a high-calorie meals and strongly encouraging the client

to finish all food.
b. Insisting that the client remain active through the day so that
he’ll sleep at night.
c. Allowing the client to exhibit hyperactive, demanding,
manipulative behavior without setting limits.
d. Listening attentively with a neutral attitude and avoiding
power struggles.
27. Ramon is admitted for detoxification after a cocaine overdose. The client
tells the nurse that he frequently uses cocaine but that he can control
his use if he chooses. Which coping mechanism is he using?
a. Withdrawal
b. Logical thinking
c. Repression
d. Denial
28. Richard is admitted with a diagnosis of schizotypal personality

disorder. Which signs would this client exhibit during social situations?
a. Aggressive behavior
b. Paranoid thoughts

c. Emotional affect
d. Independence needs
29. Nurse Mickey is caring for a client diagnosed with bulimia. The
most appropriate initial goal for a client diagnosed with bulimia is to:
a. Avoid shopping for large amounts of food.

b. Control eating impulses.
c. Identify anxiety-causing situations
d. Eat only three meals per day.
30. Rudolf is admitted for an overdose of amphetamines. When assessing

the client, the nurse should expect to see:
a. Tension and irritability

b. Slow pulse
c. Hypotension
d. Constipation
31. Nicolas is experiencing hallucinations tells the nurse, “The voices are
telling me I’m no good.” The client asks if the nurse hears the voices.
The most appropriate response by the nurse would be:
a. “It is the voice of your conscience, which only you can control.”
b. “No, I do not hear your voices, but I believe you can hear them”.
c. “The voices are coming from within you and only you can
hear them.”
d. “Oh, the voices are a symptom of your illness; don’t pay
any attention to them.”
32. The nurse is aware that the side effect of electroconvulsive therapy that
a client may experience:
a. Loss of appetite
b. Postural hypotension
c. Confusion for a time after treatment
d. Complete loss of memory for a time
33.A A dying male client gradually moves toward resolution of feelings

regarding impending death. Basing care on the theory of Kubler-
Ross, Nurse Trish plans to use nonverbal interventions when
assessment reveals that the client is in the:
a. Anger stage
b. Denial stage
c. Bargaining stage

d. Acceptance stage
34. The outcome that is unrelated to a crisis state is:
a. Learning more constructive coping skills

b. Decompensation to a lower level of functioning.
c. Adaptation and a return to a prior level of functioning.
d. A higher level of anxiety continuing for more than 3 months.
35. Miranda a psychiatric client is to be discharged with orders for

haloperidol (haldol) therapy. When developing a teaching plan for
discharge, the nurse should include cautioning the client against:
a. Driving at night
b. Staying in the sun
c. Ingesting wines and cheeses
d. Taking medications containing aspirin
36. Jen a nursing student is anxious about the upcoming board

examination but is able to study intently and does not become
distracted by a roommate’s talking and loud music. The student’s ability
to ignore distractions and to focus on studying demonstrates:
a. Mild-level anxiety
b. Panic-level anxiety
c. Severe-level anxiety
d. Moderate-level anxiety
37. When assessing a premorbid personality characteristics of a client with

a major depression, it would be unusual for the nurse to find that this
client demonstrated:
a. Rigidity
b. Stubbornness
c. Diverse interest
d. Over meticulousness
38. Nurse Krina recognizes that the suicidal risk for depressed client is
greatest:
a. As their depression begins to improve

b. When their depression is most severe
c. Before nay type of treatment is started
d. As they lose interest in the environment

39. Nurse Kate would expect that a client with vascular dementis
would experience:
a. Loss of remote memory related to anoxia

b. Loss of abstract thinking related to emotional state
c. Inability to concentrate related to decreased stimuli
d. Disturbance in recalling recent events related to cerebral hypoxia.
40. Josefina is to be discharged on a regimen of lithium carbonate. In

the teaching plan for discharge the nurse should include:
a. Advising the client to watch the diet carefully

b. Suggesting that the client take the pills with milk
c. Reminding the client that a CBC must be done once a month.
d. Encouraging the client to have blood levels checked as ordered.
41. The psychiatrist orders lithium carbonate 600 mg p.o t.i.d for a female
client. Nurse Katrina would be aware that the teaching about the side
effects of this drug were understood when the client state, “I will call
my doctor immediately if I notice any:
a. Sensitivity to bright light or sun

b. Fine hand tremors or slurred speech
c. Sexual dysfunction or breast enlargement
d. Inability to urinate or difficulty when urinating
42. Nurse Mylene recognizes that the most important factor necessary for
the establishment of trust in a critical care area is:
a. Privacy
b. Respect
c. Empathy
d. Presence
43. When establishing an initial nurse-client relationship, Nurse Hazel

should explore with the client the:
a. Client’s perception of the presenting problem.

b. Occurrence of fantasies the client may experience.
c. Details of any ritualistic acts carried out by the client
d. Client’s feelings when external; controls are instituted.
44. Tranylcypromine sulfate (Parnate) is prescribed for a depressed client

who has not responded to the tricyclic antidepressants. After teaching the
client about the medication, Nurse Marian evaluates that learning has
occurred when the client states, “I will avoid:

a. Citrus fruit, tuna, and yellow vegetables.”
b. Chocolate milk, aged cheese, and yogurt’”
c. Green leafy vegetables, chicken, and milk.”
d. Whole grains, red meats, and carbonated soda.”
45. Nurse John is a aware that most crisis situations should resolve in about:
a. 1 to 2 weeks
b. 4 to 6 weeks
c. 4 to 6 months
d. 6 to 12 months
46. Nurse Judy knows that statistics show that in adolescent suicide
behavior:
a. Females use more dramatic methods than males

b. Males account for more attempts than do females
c. Females talk more about suicide before attempting it
d. Males are more likely to use lethal methods than are females
47. Dervid with paranoid schizophrenia repeatedly uses profanity during

an activity therapy session. Which response by the nurse would be
most appropriate?
a. "Your behavior won't be tolerated. Go to your room immediately."

b. "You're just doing this to get back at me for making you come
to therapy."
c. "Your cursing is interrupting the activity. Take time out in your
room for 10 minutes."
d. "I'm disappointed in you. You can't control yourself even for a
few minutes."
48. Nurse Maureen knows that the nonantipsychotic medication used to

treat some clients with schizoaffective disorder is:
a. phenelzine (Nardil)
b. chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
c. lithium carbonate (Lithane)
d. imipramine (Tofranil)
49. Which information is most important for the nurse Trinity to include in a
teaching plan for a male schizophrenic client taking clozapine
(Clozaril)?
a. Monthly blood tests will be necessary.

b. Report a sore throat or fever to the physician immediately.

c. Blood pressure must be monitored for hypertension.
d. Stop the medication when symptoms subside.
50. Ricky with chronic schizophrenia takes neuroleptic medication is

admitted to the psychiatric unit. Nursing assessment reveals rigidity,
fever, hypertension, and diaphoresis. These findings suggest which life-
threatening reaction:
a. Tardive dyskinesia.
b. Dystonia.
c. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
d. Akathisia.
51. Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate if a male

client develop orthostatic hypotension while taking amitriptyline
(Elavil)?
a. Consulting with the physician about substituting a different type

of antidepressant.
b. Advising the client to sit up for 1 minute before getting out of bed.
c. Instructing the client to double the dosage until the
problem resolves.
d. Informing the client that this adverse reaction should
disappear within 1 week.
52. Mr. Cruz visits the physician's office to seek treatment for depression,
feelings of hopelessness, poor appetite, insomnia, fatigue, low self-
esteem, poor concentration, and difficulty making decisions. The
client states that these symptoms began at least 2 years ago. Based
on this report, the nurse Tyfany suspects:
a. Cyclothymic disorder.
b. Atypical affective disorder.
c. Major depression.
d. Dysthymic disorder.
53. After taking an overdose of phenobarbital (Barbita), Mario is admitted to

the emergency department. Dr. Trinidad prescribes activated charcoal
(Charcocaps) to be administered by mouth immediately. Before
administering the dose, the nurse verifies the dosage ordered. What is
the usual minimum dose of activated charcoal?
a. 5 g mixed in 250 ml of water

b. 15 g mixed in 500 ml of water
c. 30 g mixed in 250 ml of water
d. 60 g mixed in 500 ml of water

54. What herbal medication for depression, widely used in Europe, is
now being prescribed in the United States?
a. Ginkgo biloba
b. Echinacea
c. St. John's wort
d. Ephedra
55. Cely with manic episodes is taking lithium. Which electrolyte level
should the nurse check before administering this medication?
a. Calcium
b. Sodium
c. Chloride
d. Potassium
56. Nurse Josefina is caring for a client who has been diagnosed
with delirium. Which statement about delirium is true?
a. It's characterized by an acute onset and lasts about 1 month.

b. It's characterized by a slowly evolving onset and lasts about
1 week.
c. It's characterized by a slowly evolving onset and lasts about
1 month.
d. It's characterized by an acute onset and lasts hours to a number
of days.
57. Edward, a 66 year old client with slight memory impairment and poor
concentration is diagnosed with primary degenerative dementia of the
Alzheimer's type. Early signs of this dementia include subtle personality
changes and withdrawal from social interactions. To assess for
progression to the middle stage of Alzheimer's disease, the nurse
should observe the client for:
a. Occasional irritable outbursts.

b. Impaired communication.
c. Lack of spontaneity.
d. Inability to perform self-care activities.
58. Isabel with a diagnosis of depression is started on imipramine

(Tofranil), 75 mg by mouth at bedtime. The nurse should tell the client
that:
a. This medication may be habit forming and will be discontinued

as soon as the client feels better.
b. This medication has no serious adverse effects.

c. The client should avoid eating such foods as aged cheeses,
yogurt, and chicken livers while taking the medication.
d. This medication may initially cause tiredness, which should
become less bothersome over time.
59. Kathleen is admitted to the psychiatric clinic for treatment of anorexia

nervosa. To promote the client's physical health, the nurse should plan
to:
a. Severely restrict the client's physical activities.
b. Weigh the client daily, after the evening meal.
c. Monitor vital signs, serum electrolyte levels, and acid-base balance.
d. Instruct the client to keep an accurate record of food and
fluid intake.
60. Celia with a history of polysubstance abuse is admitted to the facility.

She complains of nausea and vomiting 24 hours after admission. The
nurse assesses the client and notes piloerection, pupillary dilation, and
lacrimation. The nurse suspects that the client is going through which of
the following withdrawals?
a. Alcohol withdrawal
b. Cannibis withdrawal
c. Cocaine withdrawal
d. Opioid withdrawal
61. Mr. Garcia, an attorney who throws books and furniture around the
office after losing a case is referred to the psychiatric nurse in the law
firm's employee assistance program. Nurse Beatriz knows that the
client's behavior most likely represents the use of which defense
mechanism?
a. Regression
b. Projection
c. Reaction-formation
d. Intellectualization
62. Nurse Anne is caring for a client who has been treated long term with
antipsychotic medication. During the assessment, Nurse Anne checks
the client for tardive dyskinesia. If tardive dyskinesia is present, Nurse
Anne would most likely observe:
a. Abnormal movements and involuntary movements of the

mouth, tongue, and face.
b. Abnormal breathing through the nostrils accompanied by a “thrill.”
c. Severe headache, flushing, tremors, and ataxia.
d. Severe hypertension, migraine headache,

63. Dennis has a lithium level of 2.4 mEq/L. The nurse immediately
would assess the client for which of the following signs or symptoms?
a. Weakness
b. Diarrhea
c. Blurred vision
d. Fecal incontinence
64. Nurse Jannah is monitoring a male client who has been placed
inrestraints because of violent behavior. Nurse determines that it will be
safe to remove the restraints when:
a. The client verbalizes the reasons for the violent behavior.

b. The client apologizes and tells the nurse that it will never
happen again.
c. No acts of aggression have been observed within 1 hour after
the release of two of the extremity restraints.
d. The administered medication has taken effect.
65. Nurse Irish is aware that Ritalin is the drug of choice for a child with
ADHD. The side effects of the following may be noted by the
nurse:
a. Increased attention span and concentration

b. Increase in appetite
c. Sleepiness and lethargy
d. Bradycardia and diarrhea
66. Kitty, a 9 year old child has very limited vocabulary and interaction skills.
She has an I.Q. of 45. She is diagnosed to have Mental retardation of
this classification:
a. Profound
b. Mild
c. Moderate
d. Severe
67. The therapeutic approach in the care of Armand an autistic child

include the following EXCEPT:
a. Engage in diversionary activities when acting -out

b. Provide an atmosphere of acceptance
c. Provide safety measures
d. Rearrange the environment to activate the child
68. Jeremy is brought to the emergency room by friends who state that he
took something an hour ago. He is actively hallucinating, agitated,
with
irritated nasal septum.
a. Heroin
b. Cocaine
c. LSD
d. Marijuana
69. Nurse Pauline is aware that Dementia unlike delirium is characterized by:
a. Slurred speech
b. Insidious onset
c. Clouding of consciousness
d. Sensory perceptual change
70.A A 35 year old female has intense fear of riding an elevator. She
claims “ As if I will die inside.” The client is suffering from:
a. Agoraphobia
b. Social phobia
c. Claustrophobia
d. Xenophobia
71. Nurse Myrna develops a counter-transference reaction. This is

evidenced by:
a. Revealing personal information to the client

b. Focusing on the feelings of the client.
c. Confronting the client about discrepancies in verbal or non-
verbal behavior
d. The client feels angry towards the nurse who resembles his mother.
72. Tristan is on Lithium has suffered from diarrhea and vomiting.

What should the nurse in-charge do first:
a. Recognize this as a drug interaction

b. Give the client Cogentin
c. Reassure the client that these are common side effects of lithium
therapy
d. Hold the next dose and obtain an order for a stat serum lithium
level
73. Nurse Sarah ensures a therapeutic environment for all the client. Which
of the following best describes a therapeutic milieu?
a. A therapy that rewards adaptive behavior

b. A cognitive approach to change behavior
c. A living, learning or working environment.

d. A permissive and congenial environment
74. Anthony is very hostile toward one of the staff for no apparent reason.
He is manifesting:
a. Splitting
b. Transference
c. Countertransference
d. Resistance
75. Marielle, 17 years old was sexually attacked while on her way home
from school. She is brought to the hospital by her mother. Rape is an
example of which type of crisis:
a. Situational
b. Adventitious
c. Developmental
d. Internal
76. Nurse Greta is aware that the following is classified as an Axis I

disorder by the Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) is:
a. Obesity
b. Borderline personality disorder
c. Major depression
d. Hypertension
77. Katrina, a newly admitted is extremely hostile toward a staff member she
has just met, without apparent reason. According to Freudian theory, the
nurse should suspect that the client is experiencing which of the
following phenomena?
a. Intellectualization
b. Transference
c. Triangulation
d. Splitting
78. An 83year-old male client is in extended care facility is anxious most of

the time and frequently complains of a number of vague symptoms that
interfere with his ability to eat. These symptoms indicate which of the
following disorders?
a. Conversion disorder
b. Hypochondriasis
c. Severe anxiety

d. Sublimation
79. Charina, a college student who frequently visited the health center during
the past year with multiple vague complaints of GI symptoms before course
examinations. Although physical causes have been eliminated, the student
continues to express her belief that she has a serious illness. These symptoms
are typically of which of the following disorders?
a. Conversion disorder
b. Depersonalization
c. Hypochondriasis
d. Somatization disorder
80. Nurse Daisy is aware that the following pharmacologic agents are
sedative- hypnotic medication is used to induce sleep for a client experiencing
a sleep disorder is:
a. Triazolam (Halcion)
b. Paroxetine (Paxil)\
c. Fluoxetine (Prozac)
d. Risperidone (Risperdal)
81. Aldo, with a somatoform pain disorder may obtain secondary gain. Which
of the following statement refers to a secondary gain?
a. It brings some stability to the family

b. It decreases the preoccupation with the physical illness
c. It enables the client to avoid some unpleasant activity
d. It promotes emotional support or attention for the client
82. Dervid is diagnosed with panic disorder with agoraphobia is talking with
the nurse in-charge about the progress made in treatment. Which of the
following statements indicates a positive client response?
a. “I went to the mall with my friends last Saturday”

b. “I’m hyperventilating only when I have a panic attack”
c. “Today I decided that I can stop taking my medication”
d. “Last night I decided to eat more than a bowl of cereal”
83. The effectiveness of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor drug therapy in

a client with posttraumatic stress disorder can be demonstrated by which of
the following client self –reports?
a. “I’m sleeping better and don’t have nightmares”

b. “I’m not losing my temper as much”
c. “I’ve lost my craving for alcohol”

d. I’ve lost my phobia for water”
84. Mark, with a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder wants to stop taking
his lorazepam (Ativan). Which of the following important facts should nurse
Betty discuss with the client about discontinuing the medication?
a. Stopping the drug may cause depression

b. Stopping the drug increases cognitive abilities
c. Stopping the drug decreases sleeping difficulties
d. Stopping the drug can cause withdrawal symptoms
85. Jennifer, an adolescent who is depressed and reported by his parents as

having difficulty in school is brought to the community mental health center to
be evaluated. Which of the following other health problems would the nurse
suspect?
a. Anxiety disorder
b. Behavioral difficulties
c. Cognitive impairment
d. Labile moods
86. Ricardo, an outpatient in psychiatric facility is diagnosed with dysthymic

disorder. Which of the following statement about dysthymic disorder is
true?
a. It involves a mood range from moderate depression to hypomania

b. It involves a single manic depression
c. It’s a form of depression that occurs in the fall and winter
d. It’s a mood disorder similar to major depression but of mild
to moderate severity
87. The nurse is aware that the following ways in vascular dementia
different from Alzheimer’s disease is:
a. Vascular dementia has more abrupt onset

b. The duration of vascular dementia is usually brief
c. Personality change is common in vascular dementia
d. The inability to perform motor activities occurs in vascular dementia
88. Loretta, a newly admitted client was diagnosed with delirium and has
history of hypertension and anxiety. She had been taking digoxin, furosemide
(Lasix), and diazepam (Valium) for anxiety. This client’s impairment may be
related to which of the following conditions?
a. Infection
b. Metabolic acidosis

c. Drug intoxication
d. Hepatic encephalopathy
89. Nurse Ron enters a client’s room, the client says, “They’re crawling on
my sheets! Get them off my bed!” Which of the following assessment is the
most accurate?
a. The client is experiencing aphasia

b. The client is experiencing dysarthria
c. The client is experiencing a flight of ideas
d. The client is experiencing visual hallucination
90. Which of the following descriptions of a client’s experience and behavior

can be assessed as an illusion?
a. The client tries to hit the nurse when vital signs must be taken
b. The client says, “I keep hearing a voice telling me to run away”
c. The client becomes anxious whenever the nurse leaves
the bedside
d. The client looks at the shadow on a wall and tells the nurse
she sees frightening faces on the wall.
91. During conversation of Nurse John with a client, he observes that the
client shift from one topic to the next on a regular basis. Which of the following
terms describes this disorder?
a. Flight of ideas
b. Concrete thinking
c. Ideas of reference
d. Loose association
92. Francis tells the nurse that her coworkers are sabotaging the
computer. When the nurse asks questions, the client becomes
argumentative. This behavior shows personality traits associated with
which of the following personality disorder?
a. Antisocial
b. Histrionic
c. Paranoid
d. Schizotypal
93. Which of the following interventions is important for a Cely experiencing

with paranoid personality disorder taking olanzapine (Zyprexa)?
a. Explain effects of serotonin syndrome

b. Teach the client to watch for extrapyramidal adverse reaction

c. Explain that the drug is less affective if the client smokes
d. Discuss the need to report paradoxical effects such as euphoria
94. Nurse Alexandra notices other clients on the unit avoiding a client
diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. When discussing appropriate
behavior in group therapy, which of the following comments is expected about
this client by his peers?
a. Lack of honesty
b. Belief in superstition
c. Show of temper tantrums
d. Constant need for attention
95. Tommy, with dependent personality disorder is working to increase his

self- esteem. Which of the following statements by the Tommy shows teaching
was successful?
a. “I’m not going to look just at the negative things about myself”
b. “I’m most concerned about my level of competence and progress”
c. “I’m not as envious of the things other people have as I used to be”
d. “I find I can’t stop myself from taking over things other should
be doing”
96. Norma, a 42-year-old client with a diagnosis of chronic undifferentiated

schizophrenia lives in a rooming house that has a weekly nursing clinic. She
scratches while she tells the nurse she feels creatures eating away at her
skin. Which of the following interventions should be done first?
a. Talk about his hallucinations and fears

b. Refer him for anticholinergic adverse reactions
c. Assess for possible physical problems such as rash
d. Call his physician to get his medication increased to control
his psychosis
97. Ivy, who is on the psychiatric unit is copying and imitating the movements
of her primary nurse. During recovery, she says, “I thought the nurse was my
mirror. I felt connected only when I saw my nurse.” This behavior is known by
which of the following terms?
a. Modeling
b. Echopraxia
c. Ego-syntonicity
d. Ritualism

98. Jun approaches the nurse and tells that he hears a voice telling him that
he’s evil and deserves to die. Which of the following terms describes the client’s
perception?
a. Delusion
b. Disorganized speech
c. Hallucination
d. Idea of reference
99. Mike is admitted to a psychiatric unit with a diagnosis of undifferentiated

schizophrenia. Which of the following defense mechanisms is probably used
by mike?
a. Projection
b. Rationalization
c. Regression
d. Repression
100. Rocky has started taking haloperidol (Haldol). Which of the

following instructions is most appropriate for Ricky before taking
haloperidol?
a. Should report feelings of restlessness or agitation at once

b. Use a sunscreen outdoors on a year-round basis
c. Be aware you’ll feel increased energy taking this drug
d. This drug will indirectly control essential hypertension

PART II
ANSWERS
&
RATIONALE

TEST I
Answers and Rationale – Foundation of Professional Nursing Practice
1. Answer: (D) The actions of a reasonably prudent nurse with

similar education and experience.
Rationale: The standard of care is determined by the average degree of
skill, care, and diligence by nurses in similar circumstances.
2. Answer: (B) I.M

Rationale: With a platelet count of 22,000/μl, the clients tends to bleed
easily. Therefore, the nurse should avoid using the I.M. route because
the area is a highly vascular and can bleed readily when penetrated by a
needle. The bleeding can be difficult to stop.
3. Answer: (C) “Digoxin 0.125 mg P.O. once daily”

Rationale: The nurse should always place a zero before a decimal point
so that no one misreads the figure, which could result in a dosage error.
The nurse should never insert a zero at the end of a dosage that includes
a decimal point because this could be misread, possibly leading to a
tenfold increase in the dosage.
4. Answer: (A) Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to venous

congestion.
Rationale: Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to venous
congestion takes the highest priority because venous inflammation and
clot formation impede blood flow in a client with deep vein thrombosis.
5. Answer: (B) A 44 year-old myocardial infarction (MI) client who

is complaining of nausea.
Rationale: Nausea is a symptom of impending myocardial infarction (MI)
and should be assessed immediately so that treatment can be instituted
and further damage to the heart is avoided.
6. Answer: (C) Check circulation every 15-30 minutes.

Rationale: Restraints encircle the limbs, which place the client at risk for
circulation being restricted to the distal areas of the extremities. Checking
the client’s circulation every 15-30 minutes will allow the nurse to adjust
the restraints before injury from decreased blood flow occurs.
7. Answer: (A) Prevent stress ulcer

Rationale: Curling’s ulcer occurs as a generalized stress response in burn
patients. This results in a decreased production of mucus and increased
secretion of gastric acid. The best treatment for this prophylactic use of
antacids and H2 receptor blockers.
8. Answer: (D) Continue to monitor and record hourly urine output

Rationale: Normal urine output for an adult is approximately 1 ml/minute
(60 ml/hour). Therefore, this client's output is normal. Beyond continued
evaluation, no nursing action is warranted.
9. Answer: (B) “My ankle feels warm”.
Rationale: Ice application decreases pain and swelling. Continued or increased
pain, redness, and increased warmth are signs of inflammation that shouldn't
occur after ice application
10. Answer: (B) Hyperkalemia

Rationale: A loop diuretic removes water and, along with it, sodium and
potassium. This may result in hypokalemia, hypovolemia, and
hyponatremia.
11. Answer:(A) Have condescending trust and confidence in

their subordinates
Rationale: Benevolent-authoritative managers pretentiously show their
trust and confidence to their followers.
12. Answer: (A) Provides continuous, coordinated and

comprehensive nursing services.
Rationale: Functional nursing is focused on tasks and activities and not
on the care of the patients.
13. Answer: (B) Standard written order

Rationale: This is a standard written order. Prescribers write a single
order for medications given only once. A stat order is written for
medications given immediately for an urgent client problem. A standing
order, also known as a protocol, establishes guidelines for treating a
particular disease or set of symptoms in special care areas such as the
coronary care unit. Facilities also may institute medication protocols that
specifically designate drugs that a nurse may not give.
14. Answer: (D) Liquid or semi-liquid stools

Rationale: Passage of liquid or semi-liquid stools results from seepage of
unformed bowel contents around the impacted stool in the rectum. Clients
with fecal impaction don't pass hard, brown, formed stools because the
feces can't move past the impaction. These clients typically report the urge
to defecate (although they can't pass stool) and a decreased appetite.
15. Answer: (C) Pulling the helix up and back

Rationale: To perform an otoscopic examination on an adult, the nurse
grasps the helix of the ear and pulls it up and back to straighten the ear
canal. For a child, the nurse grasps the helix and pulls it down to
straighten the ear canal. Pulling the lobule in any direction wouldn't
straighten the ear canal for visualization.
16. Answer: (A) Protect the irritated skin from sunlight.

Rationale: Irradiated skin is very sensitive and must be protected with
clothing or sunblock. The priority approach is the avoidance of strong
sunlight.
17. Answer: (C) Assist the client in removing dentures and nail polish.
Rationale: Dentures, hairpins, and combs must be removed. Nail polish
must be removed so that cyanosis can be easily monitored by
observing the nail beds.
18. Answer: (D) Sudden onset of continuous epigastric and back pain.
Rationale: The autodigestion of tissue by the pancreatic enzymes results
in pain from inflammation, edema, and possible hemorrhage. Continuous,
unrelieved epigastric or back pain reflects the inflammatory process in
the pancreas.
19. Answer: (B) Provide high-protein, high-carbohydrate diet.

Rationale: A positive nitrogen balance is important for meeting
metabolic needs, tissue repair, and resistance to infection. Caloric goals
may be as high as 5000 calories per day.
20. Answer: (A) Blood pressure and pulse rate.

Rationale: The baseline must be established to recognize the signs of
an anaphylactic or hemolytic reaction to the transfusion.
21. Answer: (D) Immobilize the leg before moving the client.
Rationale: If the nurse suspects a fracture, splinting the area before
moving the client is imperative. The nurse should call for emergency help
if the client is not hospitalized and call for a physician for the hospitalized
client.
22. Answer: (B) Admit the client into a private room.

Rationale: The client who has a radiation implant is placed in a private
room and has a limited number of visitors. This reduces the exposure of
others to the radiation.
23. Answer: (C) Risk for infection

Rationale: Agranulocytosis is characterized by a reduced number of
leukocytes (leucopenia) and neutrophils (neutropenia) in the blood. The
client is at high risk for infection because of the decreased body defenses
against microorganisms. Deficient knowledge related to the nature of the
disorder may be appropriate diagnosis but is not the priority.
24. Answer: (B) Place the client on the left side in the Trendelenburg
position. Rationale: Lying on the left side may prevent air from flowing
into the pulmonary veins. The Trendelenburg position increases
intrathoracic pressure, which decreases the amount of blood pulled into
the vena cava during aspiration.

25. Answer: (A) Autocratic.
Rationale: The autocratic style of leadership is a task-oriented and

directive.
26. Answer: (D) 2.5 cc

Rationale: 2.5 cc is to be added, because only a 500 cc bag of solution is
being medicated instead of a 1 liter.
27. Answer: (A) 50 cc/ hour

Rationale: A rate of 50 cc/hr. The child is to receive 400 cc over a period
of 8 hours = 50 cc/hr.
28. Answer: (B) Assess the client for presence of pain.

Rationale: Assessing the client for pain is a very important measure.
Postoperative pain is an indication of complication. The nurse should also
assess the client for pain to provide for the client’s comfort.
29. Answer: (A) BP – 80/60, Pulse – 110 irregular

Rationale: The classic signs of cardiogenic shock are low blood pressure,
rapid and weak irregular pulse, cold, clammy skin, decreased urinary
output, and cerebral hypoxia.
30. Answer: (A) Take the proper equipment, place the client in a
comfortable position, and record the appropriate information in the
client’s chart. Rationale: It is a general or comprehensive statement
about the correct procedure, and it includes the basic ideas which are
found in the other options
31. Answer: (B) Evaluation

Rationale: Evaluation includes observing the person, asking questions,
and comparing the patient’s behavioral responses with the expected
outcomes.
32. Answer: (C) History of present illness

Rationale: The history of present illness is the single most important
factor in assisting the health professional in arriving at a diagnosis
or determining the person’s needs.
33. Answer: (A) Trochanter roll extending from the crest of the ileum to
the mid-thigh.
Rationale: A trochanter roll, properly placed, provides resistance to the
external rotation of the hip.
34. Answer: (C) Stage III

Rationale: Clinically, a deep crater or without undermining of adjacent
tissue is noted.
35. Answer: (A) Second intention healing

Rationale: When wounds dehisce, they will allowed to heal by secondary
intention
36. Answer: (D) Tachycardia

Rationale: With an extracellular fluid or plasma volume deficit,
compensatory mechanisms stimulate the heart, causing an increase in
heart rate.
37. Answer: (A) 0.75

Rationale: To determine the number of milliliters the client should receive,
the nurse uses the fraction method in the following equation.
75 mg/X ml = 100 mg/1 ml
To solve for X, cross-multiply:
75 mg x 1 ml = X ml x 100 mg
75 = 100X
75/100 = X
0.75 ml (or ¾ ml) = X
38. Answer: (D) It’s a measure of effect, not a standard measure of weight
or quantity.
Rationale: An insulin unit is a measure of effect, not a standard measure
of weight or quantity. Different drugs measured in units may have no
relationship to one another in quality or quantity.
39. Answer: (B) 38.9 °C

Rationale: To convert Fahrenheit degreed to Centigrade, use this formula
°C = (°F – 32) ÷ 1.8
°C = (102 – 32) ÷ 1.8
°C = 70 ÷ 1.8
°C = 38.9
40. Answer: (C) Failing eyesight, especially close vision.

Rationale: Failing eyesight, especially close vision, is one of the first
signs of aging in middle life (ages 46 to 64). More frequent aches and
pains begin in the early late years (ages 65 to 79). Increase in loss of
muscle tone occurs in later years (age 80 and older).
41. Answer: (A) Checking and taping all connections

Rationale: Air leaks commonly occur if the system isn’t secure. Checking
all connections and taping them will prevent air leaks. The chest
drainage system is kept lower to promote drainage – not to prevent
leaks.

42. Answer: (A) Check the client’s identification band.
Rationale: Checking the client’s identification band is the safest way to

verify a client’s identity because the band is assigned on admission and
isn’t be removed at any time. (If it is removed, it must be replaced). Asking
the client’s name or having the client repeated his name would be
appropriate only for a client who’s alert, oriented, and able to understand
what is being said, but isn’t the safe standard of practice. Names on bed
aren’t always reliable
43. Answer: (B) 32 drops/minute

Rationale: Giving 1,000 ml over 8 hours is the same as giving 125 ml
over 1 hour (60 minutes). Find the number of milliliters per minute as
follows:
125/60 minutes = X/1 minute
60X = 125 = 2.1 ml/minute
To find the number of drops per minute:
2.1 ml/X gtt = 1 ml/ 15 gtt
X = 32 gtt/minute, or 32 drops/minute
44. Answer: (A) Clamp the catheter

Rationale: If a central venous catheter becomes disconnected, the nurse
should immediately apply a catheter clamp, if available. If a clamp isn’t
available, the nurse can place a sterile syringe or catheter plug in the
catheter hub. After cleaning the hub with alcohol or povidone-iodine
solution, the nurse must replace the I.V. extension and restart the infusion.
45. Answer: (D) Auscultation, percussion, and palpation.

Rationale: The correct order of assessment for examining the abdomen is
inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation. The reason for this
approach is that the less intrusive techniques should be performed before
the more intrusive techniques. Percussion and palpation can alter natural
findings during auscultation.
46. Answer: (D) Ulnar surface of the hand

Rationale: The nurse uses the ulnar surface, or ball, of the hand to asses
tactile fremitus, thrills, and vocal vibrations through the chest wall. The
fingertips and finger pads best distinguish texture and shape. The dorsal
surface best feels warmth.
47. Answer: (C) Formative

Rationale: Formative (or concurrent) evaluation occurs continuously
throughout the teaching and learning process. One benefit is that the
nurse can adjust teaching strategies as necessary to enhance learning.
Summative, or retrospective, evaluation occurs at the conclusion of the
teaching and learning session. Informative is not a type of evaluation.

48. Answer: (B) Once per year
Rationale: Yearly mammograms should begin at age 40 and continue for
as long as the woman is in good health. If health risks, such as family
history, genetic tendency, or past breast cancer, exist, more frequent
examinations may be necessary.
49. Answer: (A) Respiratory acidosis

Rationale: The client has a below-normal (acidic) blood pH value and
an above-normal partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (Paco2)
value, indicating respiratory acidosis. In respiratory alkalosis, the pH
value is above normal and in the Paco2 value is below normal. In
metabolic acidosis, the pH and bicarbonate (Hco3) values are below
normal. In metabolic alkalosis, the pH and Hco3 values are above
normal.
50. Answer: (B) To provide support for the client and family in coping
with terminal illness.
Rationale: Hospices provide supportive care for terminally ill clients and
their families. Hospice care doesn’t focus on counseling regarding health
care costs. Most client referred to hospices have been treated for their
disease without success and will receive only palliative care in the
hospice.
51. Answer: (C) Using normal saline solution to clean the ulcer and
applying a protective dressing as necessary.
Rationale: Washing the area with normal saline solution and applying a
protective dressing are within the nurse’s realm of interventions and will
protect the area. Using a povidone-iodine wash and an antibiotic cream
require a physician’s order. Massaging with an astringent can further
damage the skin.
52. Answer: (D) Foot

Rationale: An elastic bandage should be applied form the distal area to
the proximal area. This method promotes venous return. In this case, the
nurse should begin applying the bandage at the client’s foot. Beginning at
the ankle, lower thigh, or knee does not promote venous return.
53. Answer: (B) Hypokalemia

Rationale: Insulin administration causes glucose and potassium to move
into the cells, causing hypokalemia.
54. Answer: (A) Throbbing headache or dizziness

Rationale: Headache and dizziness often occur when nitroglycerin is
taken at the beginning of therapy. However, the client usually develops
tolerance

55. Answer: (D) Check the client’s level of consciousness
Rationale: Determining unresponsiveness is the first step assessment

action to take. When a client is in ventricular tachycardia, there is a
significant decrease in cardiac output. However, checking the
unresponsiveness ensures whether the client is affected by the decreased
cardiac output.
56. Answer: (B) On the affected side of the client.

Rationale: When walking with clients, the nurse should stand on the
affected side and grasp the security belt in the midspine area of the small
of the back. The nurse should position the free hand at the shoulder area
so that the client can be pulled toward the nurse in the event that there is
a forward fall. The client is instructed to look up and outward rather than
at his or her feet.
57. Answer: (A) Urine output: 45 ml/hr

Rationale: Adequate perfusion must be maintained to all vital organs in
order for the client to remain visible as an organ donor. A urine output of
45 ml per hour indicates adequate renal perfusion. Low blood pressure
and delayed capillary refill time are circulatory system indicators of
inadequate perfusion. A serum pH of 7.32 is acidotic, which adversely
affects all body tissues.
58. Answer: (D ) Obtaining the specimen from the urinary drainage bag.
Rationale: A urine specimen is not taken from the urinary drainage
bag. Urine undergoes chemical changes while sitting in the bag and
does not necessarily reflect the current client status. In addition, it may
become contaminated with bacteria from opening the system.
59. Answer: (B) Cover the client, place the call light within reach, and
answer the phone call.
Rationale: Because telephone call is an emergency, the nurse may need
to answer it. The other appropriate action is to ask another nurse to
accept the call. However, is not one of the options. To maintain privacy
and safety, the nurse covers the client and places the call light within the
client’s reach. Additionally, the client’s door should be closed or the room
curtains pulled around the bathing area.
60. Answer: (C) Use a sterile plastic container for obtaining the specimen.
Rationale: Sputum specimens for culture and sensitivity testing need to
be obtained using sterile techniques because the test is done to
determine the presence of organisms. If the procedure for obtaining the
specimen is not sterile, then the specimen is not sterile, then the
specimen would be contaminated and the results of the test would be
invalid.

61. Answer: (A) Puts all the four points of the walker flat on the floor,
puts weight on the hand pieces, and then walks into it.
Rationale: When the client uses a walker, the nurse stands adjacent to
the affected side. The client is instructed to put all four points of the
walker 2 feet forward flat on the floor before putting weight on hand
pieces. This will ensure client safety and prevent stress cracks in the
walker. The client is then instructed to move the walker forward and walk
into it.
62. Answer: (C) Draws one line to cross out the incorrect information
and then initials the change.
Rationale: To correct an error documented in a medical record, the nurse
draws one line through the incorrect information and then initials the error.
An error is never erased and correction fluid is never used in the medical
record.
63. Answer: (C) Secures the client safety belts after transferring to
the stretcher.
Rationale: During the transfer of the client after the surgical procedure is
complete, the nurse should avoid exposure of the client because of the
risk for potential heat loss. Hurried movements and rapid changes in the
position should be avoided because these predispose the client to
hypotension. At the time of the transfer from the surgery table to the
stretcher, the client is still affected by the effects of the anesthesia;
therefore, the client should not move self. Safety belts can prevent the
client from falling off the stretcher.
64. Answer: (B) Gown and gloves

Rationale: Contact precautions require the use of gloves and a gown if
direct client contact is anticipated. Goggles are not necessary unless the
nurse anticipates the splashes of blood, body fluids, secretions, or
excretions may occur. Shoe protectors are not necessary.
65. Answer: (C) Quad cane

Rationale: Crutches and a walker can be difficult to maneuver for a client
with weakness on one side. A cane is better suited for client with
weakness of the arm and leg on one side. However, the quad cane would
provide the most stability because of the structure of the cane and
because a quad cane has four legs.
66. Answer: (D) Left side-lying with the head of the bed elevated 45 degrees.
Rationale: To facilitate removal of fluid from the chest wall, the client is
positioned sitting at the edge of the bed leaning over the bedside table
with the feet supported on a stool. If the client is unable to sit up, the
client is positioned lying in bed on the unaffected side with the head of the
bed elevated 30 to 45 degrees.

67. Answer: (D) Reliability
Rationale: Reliability is consistency of the research instrument. It refers to
the repeatability of the instrument in extracting the same responses upon
its repeated administration.
68. Answer: (A) Keep the identities of the subject secret

Rationale: Keeping the identities of the research subject secret will
ensure anonymity because this will hinder providing link between the
information given to whoever is its source.
69. Answer: (A) Descriptive- correlational

Rationale: Descriptive- correlational study is the most appropriate for this
study because it studies the variables that could be the antecedents of
the increased incidence of nosocomial infection.
70. Answer: (C) Use of laboratory data

Rationale: Incidence of nosocomial infection is best collected through the
use of biophysiologic measures, particularly in vitro measurements,
hence laboratory data is essential.
71. Answer: (B) Quasi-experiment

Rationale: Quasi-experiment is done when randomization and control of
the variables are not possible.
72. Answer: (C) Primary source

Rationale: This refers to a primary source which is a direct account of the
investigation done by the investigator. In contrast to this is a secondary
source, which is written by someone other than the original researcher .
73. Answer: (A) Non-maleficence

Rationale: Non-maleficence means do not cause harm or do any action
that will cause any harm to the patient/client. To do good is referred as
beneficence.
74. Answer: (C) Res ipsa loquitor

Rationale: Res ipsa loquitor literally means the thing speaks for itself.
This means in operational terms that the injury caused is the proof
that there was a negligent act.
75. Answer: (B) The Board can investigate violations of the nursing law
and code of ethics
Rationale: Quasi-judicial power means that the Board of Nursing has the
authority to investigate violations of the nursing law and can issue
summons, subpoena or subpoena duces tecum as needed.

76. Answer: (C) May apply for re-issuance of his/her license based on
certain conditions stipulated in RA 9173
Rationale: RA 9173 sec. 24 states that for equity and justice, a revoked
license maybe re-issued provided that the following conditions are met: a)
the cause for revocation of license has already been corrected or
removed; and, b) at least four years has elapsed since the license has
been revoked.
77. Answer: (B) Review related literature

Rationale: After formulating and delimiting the research problem, the
researcher conducts a review of related literature to determine the extent
of what has been done on the study by previous researchers.
78. Answer: (B) Hawthorne effect

Rationale: Hawthorne effect is based on the study of Elton Mayo and
company about the effect of an intervention done to improve the working
conditions of the workers on their productivity. It resulted to an increased
productivity but not due to the intervention but due to the psychological
effects of being observed. They performed differently because they were
under observation.
79. Answer: (B) Determines the different nationality of patients frequently

admitted and decides to get representations samples from each.
Rationale: Judgment sampling involves including samples according
to the knowledge of the investigator about the participants in the study.
80. Answer: (B) Madeleine Leininger

Rationale: Madeleine Leininger developed the theory on transcultural
theory based on her observations on the behavior of selected people
within a culture.
81. Answer: (A) Random

Rationale: Random sampling gives equal chance for all the elements in
the population to be picked as part of the sample.
82. Answer: (A) Degree of agreement and disagreement

Rationale: Likert scale is a 5-point summated scale used to determine
the degree of agreement or disagreement of the respondents to a
statement in a study
83. Answer: (B) Sr. Callista Roy

Rationale: Sr. Callista Roy developed the Adaptation Model which
involves the physiologic mode, self-concept mode, role function mode and
dependence mode.
84. Answer: (A) Span of control

Rationale: Span of control refers to the number of workers who report
directly to a manager.
85. Answer: (B) Autonomy

Rationale: Informed consent means that the patient fully understands
about the surgery, including the risks involved and the alternative
solutions. In giving consent it is done with full knowledge and is given
freely. The action of allowing the patient to decide whether a surgery is to
be done or not exemplifies the bioethical principle of autonomy.
86. Answer: (C) Avoid wearing canvas shoes.

Rationale: The client should be instructed to avoid wearing canvas shoes.
Canvas shoes cause the feet to perspire, which may, in turn, cause skin
irritation and breakdown. Both cotton and cornstarch absorb perspiration.
The client should be instructed to cut toenails straight across with nail
clippers.
87. Answer: (D) Ground beef patties

Rationale: Meat is an excellent source of complete protein, which this
client needs to repair the tissue breakdown caused by pressure ulcers.
Oranges and broccoli supply vitamin C but not protein. Ice cream supplies
only some incomplete protein, making it less helpful in tissue repair.
88. Answer: (D) Sims’ left lateral

Rationale: The Sims' left lateral position is the most common position
used to administer a cleansing enema because it allows gravity to aid the
flow of fluid along the curve of the sigmoid colon. If the client can't
assume this position nor has poor sphincter control, the dorsal recumbent
or right lateral position may be used. The supine and prone positions are
inappropriate and uncomfortable for the client.
89. Answer: (A) Arrange for typing and cross matching of the client’s blood.
Rationale: The nurse first arranges for typing and cross matching of the
client's blood to ensure compatibility with donor blood. The other
options, although appropriate when preparing to administer a blood
transfusion, come later.
90. Answer: (A) Independent

Rationale: Nursing interventions are classified as independent,
interdependent, or dependent. Altering the drug schedule to coincide with
the client's daily routine represents an independent intervention, whereas
consulting with the physician and pharmacist to change a client's
medication because of adverse reactions represents an interdependent
intervention. Administering an already-prescribed drug on time is a
dependent intervention. An intradependent nursing intervention doesn't
exist.

91. Answer: (D) Evaluation
Rationale: The nursing actions described constitute evaluation of the
expected outcomes. The findings show that the expected outcomes have
been achieved. Assessment consists of the client's history, physical
examination, and laboratory studies. Analysis consists of considering
assessment information to derive the appropriate nursing diagnosis.
Implementation is the phase of the nursing process where the nurse puts
the plan of care into action.
92. Answer: (B) To observe the lower extremities

Rationale: Elastic stockings are used to promote venous return. The
nurse needs to remove them once per day to observe the condition of the
skin underneath the stockings. Applying the stockings increases blood
flow to the heart. When the stockings are in place, the leg muscles can
still stretch and relax, and the veins can fill with blood.
93. Answer:(A) Instructing the client to report any itching, swelling,

or dyspnea.
Rationale: Because administration of blood or blood products may cause
serious adverse effects such as allergic reactions, the nurse must monitor
the client for these effects. Signs and symptoms of life-threatening allergic
reactions include itching, swelling, and dyspnea. Although the nurse
should inform the client of the duration of the transfusion and should
document its administration, these actions are less critical to the client's
immediate health. The nurse should assess vital signs at least hourly
during the transfusion.
94. Answer: (B) Decrease the rate of feedings and the concentration of
the formula.
Rationale: Complaints of abdominal discomfort and nausea are common
in clients receiving tube feedings. Decreasing the rate of the feeding and
the concentration of the formula should decrease the client's discomfort.
Feedings are normally given at room temperature to minimize abdominal
cramping. To prevent aspiration during feeding, the head of the client's
bed should be elevated at least 30 degrees. Also, to prevent bacterial
growth, feeding containers should be routinely changed every 8 to 12
hours.
95. Answer: (D) Roll the vial gently between the palms.
Rationale: Rolling the vial gently between the palms produces heat,
which helps dissolve the medication. Doing nothing or inverting the vial
wouldn't help dissolve the medication. Shaking the vial vigorously could
cause the medication to break down, altering its action.
96. Answer: (B) Assist the client to the semi-Fowler position if possible.

Rationale: By assisting the client to the semi-Fowler position, the nurse
promotes easier chest expansion, breathing, and oxygen intake. The
nurse should secure the elastic band so that the face mask fits
comfortably and snugly rather than tightly, which could lead to irritation.
The nurse should apply the face mask from the client's nose down to the
chin — not vice versa. The nurse should check the connectors between
the oxygen equipment and humidifier to ensure that they're airtight;
loosened connectors can cause loss of oxygen.
97. Answer: (B) 4 hours

Rationale: A unit of packed RBCs may be given over a period of between
1 and 4 hours. It shouldn't infuse for longer than 4 hours because the risk
of contamination and sepsis increases after that time. Discard or return to
the blood bank any blood not given within this time, according to facility
policy.
98. Answer: (B) Immediately before administering the next dose.

Rationale: Measuring the blood drug concentration helps determine
whether the dosing has achieved the therapeutic goal. For
measurement of the trough, or lowest, blood level of a drug, the nurse
draws a blood
sample immediately before administering the next dose. Depending on the
drug's duration of action and half-life, peak blood drug levels typically are
drawn after administering the next dose.
99. Answer: (A) The nurse can implement medication orders quickly.
Rationale: A floor stock system enables the nurse to implement
medication orders quickly. It doesn't allow for pharmacist input, nor does
it minimize transcription errors or reinforce accurate calculations.
100. Answer: (C) Shifting dullness over the abdomen.

Rationale: Shifting dullness over the abdomen indicates ascites, an
abnormal finding. The other options are normal abdominal findings.

TEST II
Answers and Rationale – Community Health Nursing and Care of the
Mother and Child
1. Answer: (A) Inevitable

Rationale: An inevitable abortion is termination of pregnancy that cannot
be prevented. Moderate to severe bleeding with mild cramping and
cervical dilation would be noted in this type of abortion.
2. Answer: (B) History of syphilis

Rationale: Maternal infections such as syphilis, toxoplasmosis, and
rubella are causes of spontaneous abortion.
3. Answer: (C) Monitoring apical pulse

Rationale: Nursing care for the client with a possible ectopic pregnancy is
focused on preventing or identifying hypovolemic shock and controlling
pain. An elevated pulse rate is an indicator of shock.
4. Answer: (B) Increased caloric intake

Rationale: Glucose crosses the placenta, but insulin does not. High fetal
demands for glucose, combined with the insulin resistance caused by
hormonal changes in the last half of pregnancy can result in elevation of
maternal blood glucose levels. This increases the mother’s demand for
insulin and is referred to as the diabetogenic effect of pregnancy.
5. Answer: (A) Excessive fetal activity.

Rationale: The most common signs and symptoms of hydatidiform mole
includes elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin, vaginal
bleeding, larger than normal uterus for gestational age, failure to detect
fetal heart activity even with sensitive instruments, excessive nausea and
vomiting, and early development of pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Fetal activity would not be noted.
6. Answer: (B) Absent patellar reflexes

Rationale: Absence of patellar reflexes is an indicator of
hypermagnesemia, which requires administration of calcium gluconate.
7. Answer: (C) Presenting part in 2 cm below the plane of the ischial

spines. Rationale: Fetus at station plus two indicates that the presenting
part is 2 cm below the plane of the ischial spines.
8. Answer: (A) Contractions every 1 ½ minutes lasting 70-80 seconds.

Rationale: Contractions every 1 ½ minutes lasting 70-80 seconds, is
indicative of hyperstimulation of the uterus, which could result in injury
to the mother and the fetus if Pitocin is not discontinued.

9. Answer: (C) EKG tracings
Rationale: A potential side effect of calcium gluconate administration

is cardiac arrest. Continuous monitoring of cardiac activity (EKG)
throught administration of calcium gluconate is an essential part of
care.
10. Answer: (D) First low transverse caesarean was for breech
position. Fetus in this pregnancy is in a vertex presentation.
Rationale: This type of client has no obstetrical indication for a caesarean
section as she did with her first caesarean delivery.
11. Answer: (A) Talk to the mother first and then to the toddler.
Rationale: When dealing with a crying toddler, the best approach is to
talk to the mother and ignore the toddler first. This approach helps the
toddler get used to the nurse before she attempts any procedures. It also
gives the toddler an opportunity to see that the mother trusts the nurse.
12. Answer: (D) Place the infant’s arms in soft elbow restraints.
Rationale: Soft restraints from the upper arm to the wrist prevent the
infant from touching her lip but allow him to hold a favorite item such as a
blanket. Because they could damage the operative site, such as objects
as pacifiers, suction catheters, and small spoons shouldn’t be placed in a
baby’s mouth after cleft repair. A baby in a prone position may rub her
face on the sheets and traumatize the operative site. The suture line
should be cleaned gently to prevent infection, which could interfere with
healing and damage the cosmetic appearance of the repair.
13. Answer: (B) Allow the infant to rest before feeding.

Rationale: Because feeding requires so much energy, an infant with heart
failure should rest before feeding.
14. Answer: (C) Iron-rich formula only.

Rationale: The infants at age 5 months should receive iron-rich formula
and that they shouldn’t receive solid food, even baby food until age 6
months.
15. Answer: (D) 10 months

Rationale: A 10 month old infant can sit alone and understands object
permanence, so he would look for the hidden toy. At age 4 to 6 months,
infants can’t sit securely alone. At age 8 months, infants can sit securely
alone but cannot understand the permanence of objects.
16. Answer: (D) Public health nursing focuses on preventive, not

curative, services.
Rationale: The catchments area in PHN consists of a residential

community, many of whom are well individuals who have greater need for
preventive rather than curative services.
17. Answer: (B) Efficiency

Rationale: Efficiency is determining whether the goals were attained at
the least possible cost.
18. Answer: (D) Rural Health Unit

Rationale: R.A. 7160 devolved basic health services to local government
units (LGU’s ). The public health nurse is an employee of the LGU.
19. Answer: (A) Mayor

Rationale: The local executive serves as the chairman of the Municipal
Health Board.
20. Answer: (A) 1

Rationale: Each rural health midwife is given a population assignment of
about 5,000.
21. Answer: (B) Health education and community organizing are necessary
in providing community health services.
Rationale: The community health nurse develops the health capability of
people through health education and community organizing activities.
22. Answer: (B) Measles

Rationale: Presidential Proclamation No. 4 is on the Ligtas Tigdas
Program.
23. Answer: (D) Core group formation

Rationale: In core group formation, the nurse is able to transfer the
technology of community organizing to the potential or informal community
leaders through a training program.
24. Answer: (D) To maximize the community’s resources in dealing

with health problems.
Rationale: Community organizing is a developmental service, with the
goal of developing the people’s self-reliance in dealing with community
health problems. A, B and C are objectives of contributory objectives
to this goal.
25. Answer: (D) Terminal

Rationale: Tertiary prevention involves rehabilitation, prevention of
permanent disability and disability limitation appropriate for convalescents,
the disabled, complicated cases and the terminally ill (those in the terminal
stage of a disease).

26. Answer: (A) Intrauterine fetal death.
Rationale: Intrauterine fetal death, abruptio placentae, septic shock, and
amniotic fluid embolism may trigger normal clotting mechanisms; if
clotting factors are depleted, DIC may occur. Placenta accreta,
dysfunctional labor, and premature rupture of the membranes aren't
associated with DIC.
27. Answer: (C) 120 to 160 beats/minute

Rationale: A rate of 120 to 160 beats/minute in the fetal heart appropriate
for filling the heart with blood and pumping it out to the system.
28. Answer: (A) Change the diaper more often.

Rationale: Decreasing the amount of time the skin comes contact with
wet soiled diapers will help heal the irritation.
29. Answer: (D) Endocardial cushion defect

Rationale: Endocardial cushion defects are seen most in children with
Down syndrome, asplenia, or polysplenia.
30. Answer: (B) Decreased urine output

Rationale: Decreased urine output may occur in clients receiving I.V.
magnesium and should be monitored closely to keep urine output at
greater than 30 ml/hour, because magnesium is excreted through the
kidneys and can easily accumulate to toxic levels.
31. Answer: (A) Menorrhagia

Rationale: Menorrhagia is an excessive menstrual period.
32. Answer: (C) Blood typing

Rationale: Blood type would be a critical value to have because the risk of
blood loss is always a potential complication during the labor and delivery
process. Approximately 40% of a woman’s cardiac output is delivered to
the uterus, therefore, blood loss can occur quite rapidly in the event of
uncontrolled bleeding.
33. Answer: (D) Physiologic anemia

Rationale: Hemoglobin values and hematocrit decrease during pregnancy
as the increase in plasma volume exceeds the increase in red blood cell
production.
34. Answer: (D) A 2 year old infant with stridorous breath sounds, sitting up
in his mother’s arms and drooling.
Rationale: The infant with the airway emergency should be treated first,
because of the risk of epiglottitis.
35. Answer: (A) Placenta previa

Rationale: Placenta previa with painless vaginal bleeding.
36. Answer: (D) Early in the morning

Rationale: Based on the nurse’s knowledge of microbiology, the
specimen should be collected early in the morning. The rationale for this
timing is that, because the female worm lays eggs at night around the
perineal area, the first bowel movement of the day will yield the best
results. The specific type of stool specimen used in the diagnosis of
pinworms is called the tape test.
37. Answer: (A) Irritability and seizures

Rationale: Lead poisoning primarily affects the CNS, causing increased
intracranial pressure. This condition results in irritability and changes in
level of consciousness, as well as seizure disorders, hyperactivity, and
learning disabilities.
38. Answer: (D) “I really need to use the diaphragm and jelly most during
the middle of my menstrual cycle”.
Rationale: The woman must understand that, although the “fertile” period
is approximately mid-cycle, hormonal variations do occur and can result in
early or late ovulation. To be effective, the diaphragm should be inserted
before every intercourse.
39. Answer: (C) Restlessness

Rationale: In a child, restlessness is the earliest sign of hypoxia. Late
signs of hypoxia in a child are associated with a change in color, such as
pallor or cyanosis.
40. Answer: (B) Walk one step ahead, with the child’s hand on the
nurse’s elbow.
Rationale: This procedure is generally recommended to follow in guiding
a person who is blind.
41. Answer: (A) Loud, machinery-like murmur.

Rationale: A loud, machinery-like murmur is a characteristic finding
associated with patent ductus arteriosus.
42. Answer: (C) More oxygen, and the newborn’s metabolic rate
increases. Rationale: When cold, the infant requires more oxygen and
there is an increase in metabolic rate. Non-shievering thermogenesis is
a complex process that increases the metabolic rate and rate of oxygen
consumption, therefore, the newborn increase heat production.
43. Answer: (D) Voided

Rationale: Before administering potassium I.V. to any client, the nurse
must first check that the client’s kidneys are functioning and that the client

is voiding. If the client is not voiding, the nurse should withhold the
potassium and notify the physician.
44. Answer: (c) Laundry detergent

Rationale: Eczema or dermatitis is an allergic skin reaction caused by an
offending allergen. The topical allergen that is the most common causative
factor is laundry detergent.
45. Answer: (A) 6 inches

Rationale: This distance allows for easy flow of the formula by gravity, but
the flow will be slow enough not to overload the stomach too rapidly.
46. Answer: (A) The older one gets, the more susceptible he becomes to
the complications of chicken pox.
Rationale: Chicken pox is usually more severe in adults than in children.
Complications, such as pneumonia, are higher in incidence in adults.
47. Answer: (D) Consult a physician who may give them

rubella immunoglobulin.
Rationale: Rubella vaccine is made up of attenuated German measles
viruses. This is contraindicated in pregnancy. Immune globulin, a specific
prophylactic against German measles, may be given to pregnant women.
48. Answer: (A) Contact tracing

Rationale: Contact tracing is the most practical and reliable method of
finding possible sources of person-to-person transmitted infections, such
as sexually transmitted diseases.
49. Answer: (D) Leptospirosis

Rationale: Leptospirosis is transmitted through contact with the skin or
mucous membrane with water or moist soil contaminated with urine of
infected animals, like rats.
50. Answer: (B) Cholera

Rationale: Passage of profuse watery stools is the major symptom of
cholera. Both amebic and bacillary dysentery are characterized by the
presence of blood and/or mucus in the stools. Giardiasis is characterized
by fat malabsorption and, therefore, steatorrhea.
51. Answer: (A) Hemophilus influenzae

Rationale: Hemophilus meningitis is unusual over the age of 5 years. In
developing countries, the peak incidence is in children less than 6 months
of age. Morbillivirus is the etiology of measles. Streptococcus
pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis may cause meningitis, but age
distribution is not specific in young children.

52. Answer: (B) Buccal mucosa
Rationale: Koplik’s spot may be seen on the mucosa of the mouth or the
throat.
53. Answer: (A) 3 seconds

Rationale: Adequate blood supply to the area allows the return of the
color of the nailbed within 3 seconds.
54. Answer: (B) Severe dehydration

Rationale: The order of priority in the management of severe dehydration
is as follows: intravenous fluid therapy, referral to a facility where IV fluids
can be initiated within 30 minutes, Oresol or nasogastric tube. When the
foregoing measures are not possible or effective, then urgent referral to
the hospital is done.
55. Answer: (A) 45 infants

Rationale: To estimate the number of infants, multiply total population by
3%.
56. Answer: (A) DPT

Rationale: DPT is sensitive to freezing. The appropriate storage
temperature of DPT is 2 to 8° C only. OPV and measles vaccine are
highly sensitive to heat and require freezing. MMR is not an immunization
in the Expanded Program on Immunization.
57. Answer: (C) Proper use of sanitary toilets

Rationale: The ova of the parasite get out of the human body together
with feces. Cutting the cycle at this stage is the most effective way of
preventing the spread of the disease to susceptible hosts.
58. Answer: (D) 5 skin lesions, positive slit skin smear

Rationale: A multibacillary leprosy case is one who has a positive slit skin
smear and at least 5 skin lesions.
59. Answer: (C) Thickened painful nerves
Rationale: The lesion of leprosy is not macular. It is characterized by a
change in skin color (either reddish or whitish) and loss of sensation,
sweating and hair growth over the lesion. Inability to close the eyelids
(lagophthalmos) and sinking of the nosebridge are late symptoms.
60. Answer: (B) Ask where the family resides.

Rationale: Because malaria is endemic, the first question to determine
malaria risk is where the client’s family resides. If the area of residence is
not a known endemic area, ask if the child had traveled within the past 6
months, where she was brought and whether she stayed overnight in that
area.

61. Answer: (A) Inability to drink
Rationale: A sick child aged 2 months to 5 years must be referred
urgently to a hospital if he/she has one or more of the following signs: not
able to feed or drink, vomits everything, convulsions, abnormally sleepy or
difficult to awaken.
62. Answer: (A) Refer the child urgently to a hospital for

confinement. Rationale: “Baggy pants” is a sign of severe
marasmus. The best management is urgent referral to a hospital.
63. Answer: (D) Let the child rest for 10 minutes then continue giving
Oresol more slowly.
Rationale: If the child vomits persistently, that is, he vomits everything
that he takes in, he has to be referred urgently to a hospital. Otherwise,
vomiting is managed by letting the child rest for 10 minutes and then
continuing with Oresol administration. Teach the mother to give Oresol
more slowly.
64. Answer: (B) Some dehydration

Rationale: Using the assessment guidelines of IMCI, a child (2 months to
5 years old) with diarrhea is classified as having SOME DEHYDRATION if
he shows 2 or more of the following signs: restless or irritable, sunken
eyes, the skin goes back slow after a skin pinch.
65. Answer: (C) Normal

Rationale: In IMCI, a respiratory rate of 50/minute or more is fast
breathing for an infant aged 2 to 12 months.
66. Answer: (A) 1 year

Rationale: The baby will have passive natural immunity by placental
transfer of antibodies. The mother will have active artificial immunity
lasting for about 10 years. 5 doses will give the mother lifetime protection.
67. Answer: (B) 4 hours

Rationale: While the unused portion of other biologicals in EPI may be
given until the end of the day, only BCG is discarded 4 hours after
reconstitution. This is why BCG immunization is scheduled only in the
morning.
68. Answer: (B) 6 months

Rationale: After 6 months, the baby’s nutrient needs, especially the
baby’s iron requirement, can no longer be provided by mother’s
milk alone.
69. Answer: (C) 24 weeks

Rationale: At approximately 23 to 24 weeks’ gestation, the lungs are
developed enough to sometimes maintain extrauterine life. The lungs are
the most immature system during the gestation period. Medical care for
premature labor begins much earlier (aggressively at 21 weeks’ gestation)
70. Answer: (B) Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Rationale: Supine positioning is recommended to reduce the risk of SIDS
in infancy. The risk of aspiration is slightly increased with the supine
position. Suffocation would be less likely with an infant supine than prone
and the position for GER requires the head of the bed to be elevated.
71. Answer: (C) Decreased temperature

Rationale: Temperature instability, especially when it results in a low
temperature in the neonate, may be a sign of infection. The neonate’s
color often changes with an infection process but generally becomes
ashen or mottled. The neonate with an infection will usually show a
decrease in activity level or lethargy.
72. Answer: (D) Polycythemia probably due to chronic fetal hypoxia

Rationale: The small-for-gestation neonate is at risk for developing
polycythemia during the transitional period in an attempt to decrease
hypoxia. The neonates are also at increased risk for developing
hypoglycemia and hypothermia due to decreased glycogen stores.
73. Answer: (C) Desquamation of the epidermis

Rationale: Postdate fetuses lose the vernix caseosa, and the epidermis
may become desquamated. These neonates are usually very alert.
Lanugo is missing in the postdate neonate.
74. Answer: (C) Respiratory depression

Rationale: Magnesium sulfate crosses the placenta and adverse neonatal
effects are respiratory depression, hypotonia, and bradycardia. The serum
blood sugar isn’t affected by magnesium sulfate. The neonate would be
floppy, not jittery.
75. Answer: (C) Respiratory rate 40 to 60 breaths/minute

Rationale: A respiratory rate 40 to 60 breaths/minute is normal for a
neonate during the transitional period. Nasal flaring, respiratory rate more
than 60 breaths/minute, and audible grunting are signs of respiratory
distress.
76. Answer: (C) Keep the cord dry and open to air
Rationale: Keeping the cord dry and open to air helps reduce infection
and hastens drying. Infants aren’t given tub bath but are sponged off until
the cord falls off. Petroleum jelly prevents the cord from drying and
encourages infection. Peroxide could be painful and isn’t recommended.

77. Answer: (B) Conjunctival hemorrhage
Rationale: Conjunctival hemorrhages are commonly seen in neonates
secondary to the cranial pressure applied during the birth process. Bulging
fontanelles are a sign of intracranial pressure. Simian creases are present
in 40% of the neonates with trisomy 21. Cystic hygroma is a neck mass
that can affect the airway.
78. Answer: (B) To assess for prolapsed cord

Rationale: After a client has an amniotomy, the nurse should assure that
the cord isn't prolapsed and that the baby tolerated the procedure well.
The most effective way to do this is to check the fetal heart rate. Fetal
well-being is assessed via a nonstress test. Fetal position is determined
by vaginal examination. Artificial rupture of membranes doesn't indicate an
imminent delivery.
79. Answer: (D) The parents’ interactions with each other.

Rationale: Parental interaction will provide the nurse with a good
assessment of the stability of the family's home life but it has no indication
for parental bonding. Willingness to touch and hold the newborn,
expressing interest about the newborn's size, and indicating a desire to
see the newborn are behaviors indicating parental bonding.
80. Answer: (B) Instructing the client to use two or more peripads to cushion
the area
Rationale: Using two or more peripads would do little to reduce the pain
or promote perineal healing. Cold applications, sitz baths, and Kegel
exercises are important measures when the client has a fourth-degree
laceration.
81. Answer: (C) “What is your expected due date?”

Rationale: When obtaining the history of a client who may be in labor, the
nurse's highest priority is to determine her current status, particularly her
due date, gravidity, and parity. Gravidity and parity affect the duration of
labor and the potential for labor complications. Later, the nurse should ask
about chronic illnesses, allergies, and support persons.
82. Answer: (D) Aspirate the neonate’s nose and mouth with a bulb syringe.
Rationale: The nurse's first action should be to clear the neonate's airway
with a bulb syringe. After the airway is clear and the neonate's color
improves, the nurse should comfort and calm the neonate. If the problem
recurs or the neonate's color doesn't improve readily, the nurse should
notify the physician. Administering oxygen when the airway isn't clear
would be ineffective.
83. Answer: (C) Conducting a bedside ultrasound for an amniotic fluid index.

Rationale: It isn't within a nurse's scope of practice to perform and
interpret a bedside ultrasound under these conditions and without
specialized training. Observing for pooling of straw-colored fluid, checking
vaginal discharge with nitrazine paper, and observing for flakes of vernix
are appropriate assessments for determining whether a client has
ruptured membranes.
84. Answer: (C) Monitor partial pressure of oxygen (Pao2) levels.

Rationale: Monitoring PaO2 levels and reducing the oxygen
concentration to keep PaO2 within normal limits reduces the risk of
retinopathy of prematurity in a premature infant receiving oxygen.
Covering the infant's eyes and humidifying the oxygen don't reduce the
risk of retinopathy of prematurity. Because cooling increases the risk of
acidosis, the infant should be kept warm so that his respiratory distress
isn't aggravated.
85. Answer: (A) 110 to 130 calories per kg.

Rationale: Calories per kg is the accepted way of determined appropriate
nutritional intake for a newborn. The recommended calorie requirement is
110 to 130 calories per kg of newborn body weight. This level will maintain
a consistent blood glucose level and provide enough calories for
continued growth and development.
86. Answer: (C) 30 to 32 weeks

Rationale: Individual twins usually grow at the same rate as singletons
until 30 to 32 weeks’ gestation, then twins don’t’ gain weight as rapidly as
singletons of the same gestational age. The placenta can no longer keep
pace with the nutritional requirements of both fetuses after 32 weeks, so
there’s some growth retardation in twins if they remain in utero at 38 to 40
weeks.
87. Answer: (A) conjoined twins

Rationale: The type of placenta that develops in monozygotic twins
depends on the time at which cleavage of the ovum occurs. Cleavage in
conjoined twins occurs more than 13 days after fertilization. Cleavage that
occurs less than 3 day after fertilization results in diamniotic dicchorionic
twins. Cleavage that occurs between days 3 and 8 results in diamniotic
monochorionic twins. Cleavage that occurs between days 8 to 13 result in
monoamniotic monochorionic twins.
88. Answer: (D) Ultrasound

Rationale: Once the mother and the fetus are stabilized, ultrasound
evaluation of the placenta should be done to determine the cause of the
bleeding. Amniocentesis is contraindicated in placenta previa. A digital or
speculum examination shouldn’t be done as this may lead to severe

bleeding or hemorrhage. External fetal monitoring won’t detect a placenta
previa, although it will detect fetal distress, which may result from blood
loss or placenta separation.
89. Answer: (A) Increased tidal volume

Rationale: A pregnant client breathes deeper, which increases the tidal
volume of gas moved in and out of the respiratory tract with each breath.
The expiratory volume and residual volume decrease as the pregnancy
progresses. The inspiratory capacity increases during pregnancy. The
increased oxygen consumption in the pregnant client is 15% to 20%
greater than in the nonpregnant state.
90. Answer: (A) Diet

Rationale: Clients with gestational diabetes are usually managed by diet
alone to control their glucose intolerance. Oral hypoglycemic drugs are
contraindicated in pregnancy. Long-acting insulin usually isn’t needed for
blood glucose control in the client with gestational diabetes.
91. Answer: (D) Seizure

Rationale: The anticonvulsant mechanism of magnesium is believes to
depress seizure foci in the brain and peripheral neuromuscular blockade.
Hypomagnesemia isn’t a complication of preeclampsia. Antihypertensive
drug other than magnesium are preferred for sustained hypertension.
Magnesium doesn’t help prevent hemorrhage in preeclamptic clients.
92. Answer: (C) I.V. fluids

Rationale: A sickle cell crisis during pregnancy is usually managed by
exchange transfusion oxygen, and L.V. Fluids. The client usually needs a
stronger analgesic than acetaminophen to control the pain of a crisis.
Antihypertensive drugs usually aren’t necessary. Diuretic wouldn’t be used
unless fluid overload resulted.
93. Answer: (A) Calcium gluconate (Kalcinate)

Rationale: Calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium toxicity. Ten
milliliters of 10% calcium gluconate is given L.V. push over 3 to 5 minutes.
Hydralazine is given for sustained elevated blood pressure in preeclamptic
clients. Rho (D) immune globulin is given to women with Rh-negative
blood to prevent antibody formation from RH-positive conceptions.
Naloxone is used to correct narcotic toxicity.
94. Answer: (B) An indurated wheal over 10 mm in diameter appears in 48 to

72 hours.
Rationale: A positive PPD result would be an indurated wheal over 10
mm in diameter that appears in 48 to 72 hours. The area must be a raised
wheal, not a flat circumcised area to be considered positive.

95. Answer: (C) Pyelonephritis
Rational: The symptoms indicate acute pyelonephritis, a serious condition
in a pregnant client. UTI symptoms include dysuria, urgency, frequency,
and suprapubic tenderness. Asymptomatic bacteriuria doesn’t cause
symptoms. Bacterial vaginosis causes milky white vaginal discharge but
no systemic symptoms.
96. Answer: (B) Rh-positive fetal blood crosses into maternal blood,
Rationale: Rh isoimmunization occurs when Rh-positive fetal blood cells
cross into the maternal circulation and stimulate maternal antibody
production. In subsequent pregnancies with Rh-positive fetuses, maternal
antibodies may cross back into the fetal circulation and destroy the fetal
blood cells.
97. Answer: (C) Supine position

Rationale: The supine position causes compression of the client's aorta
and inferior vena cava by the fetus. This, in turn, inhibits maternal
circulation, leading to maternal hypotension and, ultimately, fetal hypoxia.
The other positions promote comfort and aid labor progress. For instance,
the lateral, or side-lying, position improves maternal and fetal circulation,
enhances comfort, increases maternal relaxation, reduces muscle tension,
and eliminates pressure points. The squatting position promotes comfort
by taking advantage of gravity. The standing position also takes
advantage of gravity and aligns the fetus with the pelvic angle.
98. Answer: (B) Irritability and poor sucking.

Rationale: Neonates of heroin-addicted mothers are physically
dependent on the drug and experience withdrawal when the drug is no
longer supplied. Signs of heroin withdrawal include irritability, poor
sucking, and restlessness. Lethargy isn't associated with neonatal heroin
addiction. A flattened nose, small eyes, and thin lips are seen in infants
with fetal alcohol syndrome. Heroin use during pregnancy hasn't been
linked to specific congenital anomalies.
99. Answer: (A) 7th to 9th day postpartum

Rationale: The normal involutional process returns the uterus to the
pelvic cavity in 7 to 9 days. A significant involutional complication is the
failure of the uterus to return to the pelvic cavity within the prescribed time
period. This is known as subinvolution.
100. Answer: (B) Uterine atony

Rationale: Multiple fetuses, extended labor stimulation with oxytocin, and
traumatic delivery commonly are associated with uterine atony, which may
lead to postpartum hemorrhage. Uterine inversion may precede or follow
delivery and commonly results from apparent excessive traction on the

umbilical cord and attempts to deliver the placenta manually. Uterine
involution and some uterine discomfort are normal after delivery.

TEST III
Answers and Rationale – Care of Clients with Physiologic and
1. Answer: (C) Loose, bloody

Rationale: Normal bowel function and soft-formed stool usually do not
occur until around the seventh day following surgery. The stool
consistency is related to how much water is being absorbed.
2. Answer: (A) On the client’s right side

Rationale: The client has left visual field blindness. The client will see only
from the right side.
3. Answer: (C) Check respirations, stabilize spine, and check circulation

Rationale: Checking the airway would be priority, and a neck injury
should be suspected.
4. Answer: (D) Decreasing venous return through vasodilation.

Rationale: The significant effect of nitroglycerin is vasodilation
and decreased venous return, so the heart does not have to work hard.
5. Answer: (A) Call for help and note the time.

Rationale: Having established, by stimulating the client, that the client is
unconscious rather than sleep, the nurse should immediately call for help.
This may be done by dialing the operator from the client’s phone and
giving the hospital code for cardiac arrest and the client’s room number to
the operator, of if the phone is not available, by pulling the emergency call
button. Noting the time is important baseline information for cardiac arrest
procedure.
6. Answer: (C) Make sure that the client takes food and medications
at prescribed intervals.
Rationale: Food and drug therapy will prevent the accumulation of
hydrochloric acid, or will neutralize and buffer the acid that does
accumulate.
7. Answer: (B) Continue treatment as ordered.

Rationale: The effects of heparin are monitored by the PTT is normally 30
to 45 seconds; the therapeutic level is 1.5 to 2 times the normal level.
8. Answer: (B) In the operating room.

Rationale: The stoma drainage bag is applied in the operating room.
Drainage from the ileostomy contains secretions that are rich in digestive
enzymes and highly irritating to the skin. Protection of the skin from the
effects of these enzymes is begun at once. Skin exposed to these

enzymes even for a short time becomes reddened, painful, and
excoriated.
9. Answer: (B) Flat on back.

Rationale: To avoid the complication of a painful spinal headache that
can last for several days, the client is kept in flat in a supine position for
approximately 4 to 12 hours postoperatively. Headaches are believed to
be causes by the seepage of cerebral spinal fluid from the puncture site.
By keeping the client flat, cerebral spinal fluid pressures are equalized,
which avoids trauma to the neurons.
10. Answer: (C) The client is oriented when aroused from sleep, and
goes back to sleep immediately.
Rationale: This finding suggest that the level of consciousness is
decreasing.
11. Answer: (A) Altered mental status and dehydration

Rationale: Fever, chills, hemortysis, dyspnea, cough, and pleuritic chest
pain are the common symptoms of pneumonia, but elderly clients may first
appear with only an altered lentil status and dehydration due to a blunted
immune response.
12. Answer: (B) Chills, fever, night sweats, and hemoptysis

Rationale: Typical signs and symptoms are chills, fever, night sweats,
and hemoptysis. Chest pain may be present from coughing, but isn’t
usual. Clients with TB typically have low-grade fevers, not higher than
102°F (38.9°C). Nausea, headache, and photophobia aren’t usual TB
symptoms.
13. Answer:(A) Acute asthma

Rationale: Based on the client’s history and symptoms, acute asthma is
the most likely diagnosis. He’s unlikely to have bronchial pneumonia
without a productive cough and fever and he’s too young to have
developed (COPD) and emphysema.
14. Answer: (B) Respiratory arrest

Rationale: Narcotics can cause respiratory arrest if given in large
quantities. It’s unlikely the client will have asthma attack or a seizure or
wake up on his own.
15. Answer: (D) Decreased vital capacity

Rationale: Reduction in vital capacity is a normal physiologic changes
include decreased elastic recoil of the lungs, fewer functional capillaries in
the alveoli, and an increased in residual volume.

16. Answer: (C) Presence of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) on a
cardiac monitor.
Rationale: Lidocaine drips are commonly used to treat clients whose
arrhythmias haven’t been controlled with oral medication and who are
having PVCs that are visible on the cardiac monitor. SaO2, blood
pressure, and ICP are important factors but aren’t as significant as PVCs
in the situation.
17. Answer: (B) Avoid foods high in vitamin K

Rationale: The client should avoid consuming large amounts of vitamin K
because vitamin K can interfere with anticoagulation. The client may need
to report diarrhea, but isn’t effect of taking an anticoagulant. An electric
razor-not a straight razor-should be used to prevent cuts that cause
bleeding. Aspirin may increase the risk of bleeding; acetaminophen
should be used to pain relief.
18. Answer: (C) Clipping the hair in the area

Rationale: Hair can be a source of infection and should be removed by
clipping. Shaving the area can cause skin abrasions and depilatories can
irritate the skin.
19. Answer: (A) Bone fracture

Rationale: Bone fracture is a major complication of osteoporosis that
results when loss of calcium and phosphate increased the fragility of
bones. Estrogen deficiencies result from menopause-not osteoporosis.
Calcium and vitamin D supplements may be used to support normal bone
metabolism, But a negative calcium balance isn’t a complication of
osteoporosis. Dowager’s hump results from bone fractures. It develops
when repeated vertebral fractures increase spinal curvature.
20. Answer: (C) Changes from previous examinations.

Rationale: Women are instructed to examine themselves to discover
changes that have occurred in the breast. Only a physician can diagnose
lumps that are cancerous, areas of thickness or fullness that signal the
presence of a malignancy, or masses that are fibrocystic as opposed to
malignant.
21. Answer: (C) Balance the client’s periods of activity and rest.
Rationale: A client with hyperthyroidism needs to be encouraged to
balance periods of activity and rest. Many clients with hyperthyroidism are
hyperactive and complain of feeling very warm.
22. Answer: (B) Increase his activity level.

Rationale: The client should be encouraged to increase his activity level.
Maintaining an ideal weight; following a low-cholesterol, low sodium diet;

and avoiding stress are all important factors in decreasing the risk of
atherosclerosis.
23. Answer: (A) Laminectomy

Rationale: The client who has had spinal surgery, such as laminectomy,
must be log rolled to keep the spinal column straight when turning.
Thoracotomy and cystectomy may turn themselves or may be assisted
into a comfortable position. Under normal circumstances,
hemorrhoidectomy is an outpatient procedure, and the client may resume
normal activities immediately after surgery.
24. Answer: (D) Avoiding straining during bowel movement or bending at

the waist.
Rationale: The client should avoid straining, lifting heavy objects, and
coughing harshly because these activities increase intraocular pressure.
Typically, the client is instructed to avoid lifting objects weighing more
than 15 lb (7kg) – not 5lb. instruct the client when lying in bed to lie on
either the side or back. The client should avoid bright light by wearing
sunglasses.
25. Answer: (D) Before age 20.

Rationale: Testicular cancer commonly occurs in men between ages 20
and 30. A male client should be taught how to perform testicular self-
examination before age 20, preferably when he enters his teens.
26. Answer: (B) Place a saline-soaked sterile dressing on the wound.

Rationale: The nurse should first place saline-soaked sterile dressings
on the open wound to prevent tissue drying and possible infection. Then
the nurse should call the physician and take the client’s vital signs. The
dehiscence needs to be surgically closed, so the nurse should never try
to close it.
27. Answer: (A) A progressively deeper breaths followed by

shallower breaths with apneic periods.
Rationale: Cheyne-Strokes respirations are breaths that become
progressively deeper fallowed by shallower respirations with apneas
periods. Biot’s respirations are rapid, deep breathing with abrupt pauses
between each breath, and equal depth between each breath. Kussmaul’s
respirationa are rapid, deep breathing without pauses. Tachypnea is
shallow breathing with increased respiratory rate.
28. Answer: (B) Fine crackles

Rationale: Fine crackles are caused by fluid in the alveoli and commonly
occur in clients with heart failure. Tracheal breath sounds are auscultated
over the trachea. Coarse crackles are caused by secretion accumulation
in the airways. Friction rubs occur with pleural inflammation.

29. Answer: (B) The airways are so swollen that no air cannot get through
Rationale: During an acute attack, wheezing may stop and breath
sounds become inaudible because the airways are so swollen that air
can’t get through. If the attack is over and swelling has decreased, there
would be no more wheezing and less emergent concern. Crackles do not
replace wheezes during an acute asthma attack.
30. Answer: (D) Place the client on his side, remove dangerous objects,
and protect his head.
Rationale: During the active seizure phase, initiate precautions by placing
the client on his side, removing dangerous objects, and protecting his
head from injury. A bite block should never be inserted during the active
seizure phase. Insertion can break the teeth and lead to aspiration.
31. Answer: (B) Kinked or obstructed chest tube

Rationales: Kinking and blockage of the chest tube is a common cause of
a tension pneumothorax. Infection and excessive drainage won’t cause a
tension pneumothorax. Excessive water won’t affect the chest tube
drainage.
32. Answer: (D) Stay with him but not intervene at this time.
Rationale: If the client is coughing, he should be able to dislodge the
object or cause a complete obstruction. If complete obstruction occurs, the
nurse should perform the abdominal thrust maneuver with the client
standing. If the client is unconscious, she should lay him down. A nurse
should never leave a choking client alone.
33. Answer: (B) Current health promotion activities

Rationale: Recognizing an individual’s positive health measures is very
useful. General health in the previous 10 years is important, however, the
current activities of an 84 year old client are most significant in planning
care. Family history of disease for a client in later years is of minor
significance. Marital status information may be important for discharge
planning but is not as significant for addressing the immediate medical
problem.
34. Answer: (C) Place the client in a side lying position, with the head of
the bed lowered.
Rationale: The client should be positioned in a side-lying position with the
head of the bed lowered to prevent aspiration. A small amount of
toothpaste should be used and the mouth swabbed or suctioned to
remove pooled secretions. Lemon glycerin can be drying if used for
extended periods. Brushing the teeth with the client lying supine may lead
to aspiration. Hydrogen peroxide is caustic to tissues and should not be
used.

35. Answer: (C) Pneumonia
Rationale: Fever productive cough and pleuritic chest pain are common
signs and symptoms of pneumonia. The client with ARDS has dyspnea
and hypoxia with worsening hypoxia over time, if not treated aggressively.
Pleuritic chest pain varies with respiration, unlike the constant chest pain
during an MI; so this client most likely isn’t having an MI. the client with TB
typically has a cough producing blood-tinged sputum. A sputum culture
should be obtained to confirm the nurse’s suspicions.
36. Answer: (C) A 43-yesr-old homeless man with a history of alcoholism

Rationale: Clients who are economically disadvantaged, malnourished,
and have reduced immunity, such as a client with a history of
alcoholism, are at extremely high risk for developing TB. A high school
student, day- care worker, and businessman probably have a much low
risk of contracting TB.
37. Answer: (C ) To determine the extent of lesions

Rationale: If the lesions are large enough, the chest X-ray will show their
presence in the lungs. Sputum culture confirms the diagnosis. There can
be false-positive and false-negative skin test results. A chest X-ray can’t
determine if this is a primary or secondary infection.
38. Answer: (B) Bronchodilators

Rationale: Bronchodilators are the first line of treatment for asthma
because broncho-constriction is the cause of reduced airflow. Beta-
adrenergic blockers aren’t used to treat asthma and can cause broncho-
constriction. Inhaled oral steroids may be given to reduce the inflammation
but aren’t used for emergency relief.
39. Answer: (C) Chronic obstructive bronchitis

Rationale: Because of this extensive smoking history and symptoms the
client most likely has chronic obstructive bronchitis. Client with ARDS
have acute symptoms of hypoxia and typically need large amounts of
oxygen. Clients with asthma and emphysema tend not to have chronic
cough or peripheral edema.
40. Answer: (A) The patient is under local anesthesia during the procedure
Rationale: Before the procedure, the patient is administered with drugs
that would help to prevent infection and rejection of the transplanted
cells such as antibiotics, cytotoxic, and corticosteroids. During the
transplant, the patient is placed under general anesthesia.
41. Answer: (D) Raise the side rails

Rationale: A patient who is disoriented is at risk of falling out of bed. The
initial action of the nurse should be raising the side rails to ensure patients
safety.
42. Answer: (A) Crowd red blood cells

Rationale: The excessive production of white blood cells crowd out red
blood cells production which causes anemia to occur.
43. Answer: (B) Leukocytosis

Rationale: Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by
increased production of leukocytes and lymphocytes resulting in
leukocytosis, and proliferation of these cells within the bone marrow,
spleen and liver.
44. Answer: (A) Explain the risks of not having the surgery
Rationale: The best initial response is to explain the risks of not having
the surgery. If the client understands the risks but still refuses the nurse
should notify the physician and the nurse supervisor and then record the
client’s refusal in the nurses’ notes.
45. Answer: (D) The 75-year-old client who was admitted 1 hour ago with
new-onset atrial fibrillation and is receiving L.V. dilitiazem (Cardizem)
Rationale: The client with atrial fibrillation has the greatest potential to
become unstable and is on L.V. medication that requires close monitoring.
After assessing this client, the nurse should assess the client with
thrombophlebitis who is receiving a heparin infusion, and then the 58-
year-old client admitted 2 days ago with heart failure (his signs and
symptoms are resolving and don’t require immediate attention). The
lowest priority is the 89-year-old with end-stage right-sided heart failure,
who requires time-consuming supportive measures.
46. Answer: (C) Cocaine

Rationale: Because of the client’s age and negative medical history, the
nurse should question her about cocaine use. Cocaine increases
myocardial oxygen consumption and can cause coronary artery spasm,
leading to tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, myocardial ischemia, and
myocardial infarction. Barbiturate overdose may trigger respiratory
depression and slow pulse. Opioids can cause marked respiratory
depression, while benzodiazepines can cause drowsiness and confusion.
47. Answer: (B) Nonmobile mass with irregular edges

Rationale: Breast cancer tumors are fixed, hard, and poorly delineated
with irregular edges. A mobile mass that is soft and easily delineated is
most often a fluid-filled benign cyst. Axillary lymph nodes may or may not
be palpable on initial detection of a cancerous mass. Nipple retraction —
not eversion — may be a sign of cancer.

48. Answer: (C) Radiation
Rationale: The usual treatment for vaginal cancer is external or
intravaginal radiation therapy. Less often, surgery is performed.
Chemotherapy typically is prescribed only if vaginal cancer is diagnosed in
an early stage, which is rare. Immunotherapy isn't used to treat vaginal
cancer.
49. Answer: (B) Carcinoma in situ, no abnormal regional lymph nodes, and
no evidence of distant metastasis
Rationale: TIS, N0, M0 denotes carcinoma in situ, no abnormal regional
lymph nodes, and no evidence of distant metastasis. No evidence of
primary tumor, no abnormal regional lymph nodes, and no evidence of
distant metastasis is classified as T0, N0, M0. If the tumor and regional
lymph nodes can't be assessed and no evidence of metastasis exists, the
lesion is classified as TX, NX, M0. A progressive increase in tumor size,
no demonstrable metastasis of the regional lymph nodes, and ascending
degrees of distant metastasis is classified as T1, T2, T3, or T4; N0; and
M1, M2, or M3.
50. Answer: (D) "Keep the stoma moist."

Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to keep the stoma moist,
such as by applying a thin layer of petroleum jelly around the edges,
because a dry stoma may become irritated. The nurse should recommend
placing a stoma bib over the stoma to filter and warm air before it enters
the stoma. The client should begin performing stoma care without
assistance as soon as possible to gain independence in self-care
activities.
51. Answer: (B) Lung cancer

Rationale: Lung cancer is the most deadly type of cancer in both women
and men. Breast cancer ranks second in women, followed (in descending
order) by colon and rectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer,
uterine cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, liver cancer, brain cancer, stomach
cancer, and multiple myeloma.
52. Answer: (A) miosis, partial eyelid ptosis, and anhidrosis on the affected
side of the face.
Rationale: Horner's syndrome, which occurs when a lung tumor invades
the ribs and affects the sympathetic nerve ganglia, is characterized by
miosis, partial eyelid ptosis, and anhidrosis on the affected side of the
face. Chest pain, dyspnea, cough, weight loss, and fever are associated
with pleural tumors. Arm and shoulder pain and atrophy of the arm and
hand muscles on the affected side suggest Pancoast's tumor, a lung
tumor involving the first thoracic and eighth cervical nerves within the
brachial plexus. Hoarseness in a client with lung cancer suggests that the

tumor has extended to the recurrent laryngeal nerve; dysphagia suggests
that the lung tumor is compressing the esophagus.
53. Answer: (A) prostate-specific antigen, which is used to screen for prostate
cancer.
Rationale: PSA stands for prostate-specific antigen, which is used to
screen for prostate cancer. The other answers are incorrect.
54. Answer: (D) "Remain supine for the time specified by the physician."
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to remain supine for the
time specified by the physician. Local anesthetics used in a subarachnoid
block don't alter the gag reflex. No interactions between local anesthetics
and food occur. Local anesthetics don't cause hematuria.
55. Answer: (C) Sigmoidoscopy

Rationale: Used to visualize the lower GI tract, sigmoidoscopy and
proctoscopy aid in the detection of two-thirds of all colorectal cancers.
Stool Hematest detects blood, which is a sign of colorectal cancer;
however, the test doesn't confirm the diagnosis. CEA may be elevated in
colorectal cancer but isn't considered a confirming test. An abdominal CT
scan is used to stage the presence of colorectal cancer.
56. Answer: (B) A fixed nodular mass with dimpling of the overlying skin
Rationale: A fixed nodular mass with dimpling of the overlying skin is
common during late stages of breast cancer. Many women have slightly
asymmetrical breasts. Bloody nipple discharge is a sign of intraductal
papilloma, a benign condition. Multiple firm, round, freely movable masses
that change with the menstrual cycle indicate fibrocystic breasts, a benign
condition.
57. Answer: (A) Liver

Rationale: The liver is one of the five most common cancer metastasis
sites. The others are the lymph nodes, lung, bone, and brain. The colon,
reproductive tract, and WBCs are occasional metastasis sites.
58. Answer: (D) The client wears a watch and wedding band.
Rationale: During an MRI, the client should wear no metal objects, such
as jewelry, because the strong magnetic field can pull on them, causing
injury to the client and (if they fly off) to others. The client must lie still
during the MRI but can talk to those performing the test by way of the
microphone inside the scanner tunnel. The client should hear thumping
sounds, which are caused by the sound waves thumping on the magnetic
field.
59. Answer: (C) The recommended daily allowance of calcium may be found
in a wide variety of foods.

Rationale: Premenopausal women require 1,000 mg of calcium per day.
Postmenopausal women require 1,500 mg per day. It's often, though not
always, possible to get the recommended daily requirement in the foods
we eat. Supplements are available but not always necessary.
Osteoporosis doesn't show up on ordinary X-rays until 30% of the bone
loss has occurred. Bone densitometry can detect bone loss of 3% or less.
This test is sometimes recommended routinely for women over 35 who
are at risk. Strenuous exercise won't cause fractures.
60. Answer: (C) Joint flexion of less than 50%

Rationale: Arthroscopy is contraindicated in clients with joint flexion of
less than 50% because of technical problems in inserting the instrument
into the joint to see it clearly. Other contraindications for this procedure
include skin and wound infections. Joint pain may be an indication, not a
contraindication, for arthroscopy. Joint deformity and joint stiffness aren't
contraindications for this procedure.
61. Answer: (D) Gouty arthritis

Rationale: Gouty arthritis, a metabolic disease, is characterized by urate
deposits and pain in the joints, especially those in the feet and legs. Urate
deposits don't occur in septic or traumatic arthritis. Septic arthritis results
from bacterial invasion of a joint and leads to inflammation of the synovial
lining. Traumatic arthritis results from blunt trauma to a joint or ligament.
Intermittent arthritis is a rare, benign condition marked by regular,
recurrent joint effusions, especially in the knees.
62. Answer: (B) 30 ml/hou

Rationale: An infusion prepared with 25,000 units of heparin in 500 ml of
saline solution yields 50 units of heparin per milliliter of solution. The
equation is set up as 50 units times X (the unknown quantity) equals 1,500
units/hour, X equals 30 ml/hour.
63. Answer: (B) Loss of muscle contraction decreasing venous return

Rationale: In clients with hemiplegia or hemiparesis loss of muscle
contraction decreases venous return and may cause swelling of the
affected extremity. Contractures, or bony calcifications may occur with a
stroke, but don’t appear with swelling. DVT may develop in clients with a
stroke but is more likely to occur in the lower extremities. A stroke isn’t
linked to protein loss.
64. Answer: (B) It appears on the distal interphalangeal joint

Rationale: Heberden’s nodes appear on the distal interphalageal joint on
both men and women. Bouchard’s node appears on the dorsolateral
aspect of the proximal interphalangeal joint.

65. Answer: (B) Osteoarthritis is a localized disease rheumatoid arthritis is
systemic
Rationale: Osteoarthritis is a localized disease, rheumatoid arthritis is
systemic. Osteoarthritis isn’t gender-specific, but rheumatoid arthritis is.
Clients have dislocations and subluxations in both disorders.
66. Answer: (C) The cane should be used on the unaffected side
Rationale: A cane should be used on the unaffected side. A client with
osteoarthritis should be encouraged to ambulate with a cane, walker, or
other assistive device as needed; their use takes weight and stress off
joints.
67. Answer: (A) a. 9 U regular insulin and 21 U neutral protamine Hagedorn

(NPH).
Rationale: A 70/30 insulin preparation is 70% NPH and 30% regular
insulin. Therefore, a correct substitution requires mixing 21 U of NPH and
9 U of regular insulin. The other choices are incorrect dosages for the
prescribed insulin.
68. Answer: (C) colchicines

Rationale: A disease characterized by joint inflammation (especially in
the great toe), gout is caused by urate crystal deposits in the joints. The
physician prescribes colchicine to reduce these deposits and thus ease
joint inflammation. Although aspirin is used to reduce joint inflammation
and pain in clients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, it isn't
indicated for gout because it has no effect on urate crystal formation.
Furosemide, a diuretic, doesn't relieve gout. Calcium gluconate is used to
reverse a negative calcium balance and relieve muscle cramps, not to
treat gout.
69. Answer: (A) Adrenal cortex

Rationale: Excessive secretion of aldosterone in the adrenal cortex is
responsible for the client's hypertension. This hormone acts on the renal
tubule, where it promotes reabsorption of sodium and excretion of
potassium and hydrogen ions. The pancreas mainly secretes hormones
involved in fuel metabolism. The adrenal medulla secretes the
catecholamines — epinephrine and norepinephrine. The parathyroids
secrete parathyroid hormone.
70. Answer: (C) They debride the wound and promote healing by secondary
intention
Rationale: For this client, wet-to-dry dressings are most appropriate
because they clean the foot ulcer by debriding exudate and necrotic
tissue, thus promoting healing by secondary intention. Moist, transparent
dressings contain exudate and provide a moist wound environment.
Hydrocolloid dressings prevent the entrance of microorganisms and

minimize wound discomfort. Dry sterile dressings protect the wound from
mechanical trauma and promote healing.
71. Answer: (A) Hyperkalemia

Rationale: In adrenal insufficiency, the client has hyperkalemia due to
reduced aldosterone secretion. BUN increases as the glomerular filtration
rate is reduced. Hyponatremia is caused by reduced aldosterone
secretion. Reduced cortisol secretion leads to impaired glyconeogenesis
and a reduction of glycogen in the liver and muscle, causing
hypoglycemia.
72. Answer: (C) Restricting fluids

Rationale: To reduce water retention in a client with the SIADH, the
nurse should restrict fluids. Administering fluids by any route would further
increase the client's already heightened fluid load.
73. Answer: (D) glycosylated hemoglobin level.

Rationale: Because some of the glucose in the bloodstream attaches to
some of the hemoglobin and stays attached during the 120-day life span
of red blood cells, glycosylated hemoglobin levels provide information
about blood glucose levels during the previous 3 months. Fasting blood
glucose and urine glucose levels only give information about glucose
levels at the point in time when they were obtained. Serum fructosamine
levels provide information about blood glucose control over the past 2 to 3
weeks.
74. Answer: (C) 4:00 pm

Rationale: NPH is an intermediate-acting insulin that peaks 8 to 12 hours
after administration. Because the nurse administered NPH insulin at 7
a.m., the client is at greatest risk for hypoglycemia from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.
75. Answer: (A) Glucocorticoids and androgens

Rationale: The adrenal glands have two divisions, the cortex and
medulla. The cortex produces three types of hormones: glucocorticoids,
mineralocorticoids, and androgens. The medulla produces catecholamines
— epinephrine and norepinephrine.
76. Answer: (A) Hypocalcemia

Rationale: Hypocalcemia may follow thyroid surgery if the parathyroid
glands were removed accidentally. Signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia
may be delayed for up to 7 days after surgery. Thyroid surgery doesn't
directly cause serum sodium, potassium, or magnesium abnormalities.
Hyponatremia may occur if the client inadvertently received too much fluid;
however, this can happen to any surgical client receiving I.V. fluid therapy,
not just one recovering from thyroid surgery. Hyperkalemia and

hypermagnesemia usually are associated with reduced renal excretion of
potassium and magnesium, not thyroid surgery.
77. Answer: (D) Carcinoembryonic antigen level

Rationale: In clients who smoke, the level of carcinoembryonic antigen is
elevated. Therefore, it can't be used as a general indicator of cancer.
However, it is helpful in monitoring cancer treatment because the level
usually falls to normal within 1 month if treatment is successful. An
elevated acid phosphatase level may indicate prostate cancer. An
elevated alkaline phosphatase level may reflect bone metastasis. An
elevated serum calcitonin level usually signals thyroid cancer.
78. Answer: (B) Dyspnea, tachycardia, and pallor

Rationale: Signs of iron-deficiency anemia include dyspnea, tachycardia,
and pallor as well as fatigue, listlessness, irritability, and headache. Night
sweats, weight loss, and diarrhea may signal acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS). Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia may be signs of
hepatitis B. Itching, rash, and jaundice may result from an allergic or
hemolytic reaction.
79. Answer: (D) "I'll need to have a C-section if I become pregnant and have
a baby."
Rationale: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted from
mother to child via the transplacental route, but a Cesarean section
delivery isn't necessary when the mother is HIV-positive. The use of birth
control will prevent the conception of a child who might have HIV. It's true
that a mother who's HIV positive can give birth to a baby who's HIV
negative.
80. Answer: (C) "Avoid sharing such articles as toothbrushes and razors."
Rationale: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes
AIDS, is most concentrated in the blood. For this reason, the client
shouldn't share personal articles that may be blood-contaminated, such as
toothbrushes and razors, with other family members. HIV isn't transmitted
by bathing or by eating from plates, utensils, or serving dishes used by a
person with AIDS.
81. Answer: (B) Pallor, tachycardia, and a sore tongue

Rationale: Pallor, tachycardia, and a sore tongue are all characteristic
findings in pernicious anemia. Other clinical manifestations include
anorexia; weight loss; a smooth, beefy red tongue; a wide pulse pressure;
palpitations; angina; weakness; fatigue; and paresthesia of the hands and
feet. Bradycardia, reduced pulse pressure, weight gain, and double vision
aren't characteristic findings in pernicious anemia.

82. Answer: (B) Administer epinephrine, as prescribed, and prepare to
intubate the client if necessary.
Rationale: To reverse anaphylactic shock, the nurse first should
administer epinephrine, a potent bronchodilator as prescribed. The
physician is likely to order additional medications, such as antihistamines
and corticosteroids; if these medications don't relieve the respiratory
compromise associated with anaphylaxis, the nurse should prepare to
intubate the client. No antidote for penicillin exists; however, the nurse
should continue to monitor the client's vital signs. A client who remains
hypotensive may need fluid resuscitation and fluid intake and output
monitoring; however, administering epinephrine is the first priority.
83. Answer: (D) bilateral hearing loss.

Rationale: Prolonged use of aspirin and other salicylates sometimes
causes bilateral hearing loss of 30 to 40 decibels. Usually, this adverse
effect resolves within 2 weeks after the therapy is discontinued. Aspirin
doesn't lead to weight gain or fine motor tremors. Large or toxic salicylate
doses may cause respiratory alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis.
84. Answer: (D) Lymphocyte

Rationale: The lymphocyte provides adaptive immunity — recognition of
a foreign antigen and formation of memory cells against the antigen.
Adaptive immunity is mediated by B and T lymphocytes and can be
acquired actively or passively. The neutrophil is crucial to phagocytosis.
The basophil plays an important role in the release of inflammatory
mediators. The monocyte functions in phagocytosis and monokine
production.
85. Answer: (A) moisture replacement.

Rationale: Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder leading to
progressive loss of lubrication of the skin, GI tract, ears, nose, and vagina.
Moisture replacement is the mainstay of therapy. Though malnutrition and
electrolyte imbalance may occur as a result of Sjogren's syndrome's effect
on the GI tract, it isn't the predominant problem. Arrhythmias aren't a
problem associated with Sjogren's syndrome.
86. Answer: (C) stool for Clostridium difficile test.

Rationale: Immunosuppressed clients — for example, clients receiving
chemotherapy, — are at risk for infection with C. difficile, which causes
"horse barn" smelling diarrhea. Successful treatment begins with an
accurate diagnosis, which includes a stool test. The ELISA test is
diagnostic for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and isn't indicated in
this case. An electrolyte panel and hemogram may be useful in the overall
evaluation of a client but aren't diagnostic for specific causes of diarrhea.
A flat plate of the abdomen may provide useful information about bowel
function but isn't indicated in the case of "horse barn" smelling diarrhea.

87. Answer: (D) Western blot test with ELISA.
Rationale: HIV infection is detected by analyzing blood for antibodies to
HIV, which form approximately 2 to 12 weeks after exposure to HIV and
denote infection. The Western blot test — electrophoresis of antibody
proteins — is more than 98% accurate in detecting HIV antibodies when
used in conjunction with the ELISA. It isn't specific when used alone. E-
rosette immunofluorescence is used to detect viruses in general; it doesn't
confirm HIV infection. Quantification of T-lymphocytes is a useful
monitoring test but isn't diagnostic for HIV. The ELISA test detects HIV
antibody particles but may yield inaccurate results; a positive ELISA result
must be confirmed by the Western blot test.
88. Answer: (C) Abnormally low hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hb)
levels
Rationale: Low preoperative HCT and Hb levels indicate the client may
require a blood transfusion before surgery. If the HCT and Hb levels
decrease during surgery because of blood loss, the potential need for a
transfusion increases. Possible renal failure is indicated by elevated BUN
or creatinine levels. Urine constituents aren't found in the blood.
Coagulation is determined by the presence of appropriate clotting factors,
not electrolytes.
89. Answer: (A) Platelet count, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin
time
Rationale: The diagnosis of DIC is based on the results of laboratory
studies of prothrombin time, platelet count, thrombin time, partial
thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen level as well as client history and other
assessment factors. Blood glucose levels, WBC count, calcium levels, and
potassium levels aren't used to confirm a diagnosis of DIC.
90. Answer: (D) Strawberries

Rationale: Common food allergens include berries, peanuts, Brazil nuts,
cashews, shellfish, and eggs. Bread, carrots, and oranges rarely cause
allergic reactions.
91. Answer: (B) A client with cast on the right leg who states, “I have a funny
feeling in my right leg.”
Rationale: It may indicate neurovascular compromise, requires immediate
assessment.
92. Answer: (D) A 62-year-old who had an abdominal-perineal resection three

days ago; client complaints of chills.
Rationale: The client is at risk for peritonitis; should be assessed for
further symptoms and infection.

93. Answer: (C) The client spontaneously flexes his wrist when the blood
pressure is obtained.
Rationale: Carpal spasms indicate hypocalcemia.
94. Answer: (D) Use comfort measures and pillows to position the client.
Rationale: Using comfort measures and pillows to position the client is a
non-pharmacological methods of pain relief.
95. Answer: (B) Warm the dialysate solution.

Rationale: Cold dialysate increases discomfort. The solution should be
warmed to body temperature in warmer or heating pad; don’t use
microwave oven.
96. Answer: (C) The client holds the cane with his left hand, moves the cane
Rationale: The cane acts as a support and aids in weight bearing for the
weaker right leg.
97. Answer: (A) Ask the woman’s family to provide personal items such as
photos or mementos.
Rationale: Photos and mementos provide visual stimulation to reduce
sensory deprivation.
98. Answer: (B) The client lifts the walker, moves it forward 10 inches, and
then takes several small steps forward.
Rationale: A walker needs to be picked up, placed down on all legs.
99. Answer: (C) Isolation from their families and familiar surroundings.
Rationale: Gradual loss of sight, hearing, and taste interferes with normal
functioning.
100. Answer: (A) Encourage the client to perform pursed lip breathing.
Rationale: Purse lip breathing prevents the collapse of lung unit and
helps client control rate and depth of breathing.

TEST IV
1. Answer: (C) Hypertension

Rationale: Hypertension, along with fever, and tenderness over the
grafted kidney, reflects acute rejection.
2. Answer: (A) Pain

Rationale: Sharp, severe pain (renal colic) radiating toward the genitalia
and thigh is caused by uretheral distention and smooth muscle spasm;
relief form pain is the priority.
3. Answer: (D) Decrease the size and vascularity of the thyroid gland.
Rationale: Lugol’s solution provides iodine, which aids in decreasing the
vascularity of the thyroid gland, which limits the risk of hemorrhage when
surgery is performed.
4. Answer: (A) Liver Disease

Rationale: The client with liver disease has a decreased ability to
metabolize carbohydrates because of a decreased ability to form glycogen
(glycogenesis) and to form glucose from glycogen.
5. Answer: (C) Leukopenia

Rationale: Leukopenia, a reduction in WBCs, is a systemic effect of
chemotherapy as a result of myelosuppression.
6. Answer: (C) Avoid foods that in the past caused flatus.

Rationale: Foods that bothered a person preoperatively will continue to
do so after a colostomy.
7. Answer: (B) Keep the irrigating container less than 18 inches above the
stoma.”
Rationale: This height permits the solution to flow slowly with little force
so that excessive peristalsis is not immediately precipitated.
8. Answer: (A) Administer Kayexalate

Rationale: Kayexalate,a potassium exchange resin, permits sodium to be
exchanged for potassium in the intestine, reducing the serum potassium
level.
9. Answer:(B) 28 gtt/min
Rationale: This is the correct flow rate; multiply the amount to be infused
(2000 ml) by the drop factor (10) and divide the result by the amount of
time in minutes (12 hours x 60 minutes)

10. Answer: (D) Upper trunk
Rationale: The percentage designated for each burned part of the body
using the rule of nines: Head and neck 9%; Right upper extremity 9%; Left
upper extremity 9%; Anterior trunk 18%; Posterior trunk 18%; Right lower
extremity 18%; Left lower extremity 18%; Perineum 1%.
11. Answer: (C) Bleeding from ears

Rationale: The nurse needs to perform a thorough assessment that could
indicate alterations in cerebral function, increased intracranial pressures,
fractures and bleeding. Bleeding from the ears occurs only with basal
skull fractures that can easily contribute to increased intracranial pressure
and brain herniation.
12. Answer: (D) may engage in contact sports

Rationale: The client should be advised by the nurse to avoid contact
sports. This will prevent trauma to the area of the pacemaker generator.
13. Answer: (A) Oxygen at 1-2L/min is given to maintain the hypoxic

stimulus for breathing.
Rationale: COPD causes a chronic CO2 retention that renders the
medulla insensitive to the CO2 stimulation for breathing. The hypoxic state
of the client then becomes the stimulus for breathing. Giving the client
oxygen in low concentrations will maintain the client’s hypoxic drive.
14. Answer: (B) Facilitate ventilation of the left lung.

Rationale: Since only a partial pneumonectomy is done, there is a need
to promote expansion of this remaining Left lung by positioning the
client on the opposite unoperated side.
15. Answer: (A) Food and fluids will be withheld for at least 2 hours.
Rationale: Prior to bronchoscopy, the doctors sprays the back of the
throat with anesthetic to minimize the gag reflex and thus facilitate the
insertion of the bronchoscope. Giving the client food and drink after the
procedure without checking on the return of the gag reflex can cause
the client to aspirate. The gag reflex usually returns after two hours.
16. Answer: (C) hyperkalemia.

Rationale: Hyperkalemia is a common complication of acute renal failure.
It's life-threatening if immediate action isn't taken to reverse it. The
administration of glucose and regular insulin, with sodium bicarbonate if
necessary, can temporarily prevent cardiac arrest by moving potassium
into the cells and temporarily reducing serum potassium levels.
Hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and hypercalcemia don't usually occur with
acute renal failure and aren't treated with glucose, insulin, or sodium
bicarbonate.

17. Answer: (A) This condition puts her at a higher risk for cervical cancer;
therefore, she should have a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear annually.
Rationale: Women with condylomata acuminata are at risk for cancer of
the cervix and vulva. Yearly Pap smears are very important for early
detection. Because condylomata acuminata is a virus, there is no
permanent cure. Because condylomata acuminata can occur on the vulva,
a condom won't protect sexual partners. HPV can be transmitted to other
parts of the body, such as the mouth, oropharynx, and larynx.
18. Answer: (A) The left kidney usually is slightly higher than the right one.
Rationale: The left kidney usually is slightly higher than the right one. An
adrenal gland lies atop each kidney. The average kidney measures
approximately 11 cm (4-3/8") long, 5 to 5.8 cm (2" to 2¼") wide, and 2.5
cm (1") thick. The kidneys are located retroperitoneally, in the posterior
aspect of the abdomen, on either side of the vertebral column. They lie
between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae.
19. Answer: (C) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 100 mg/dl and serum creatinine
6.5 mg/dl.
Rationale: The normal BUN level ranges 8 to 23 mg/dl; the normal serum
creatinine level ranges from 0.7 to 1.5 mg/dl. The test results in option C
are abnormally elevated, reflecting CRF and the kidneys' decreased ability
to remove nonprotein nitrogen waste from the blood. CRF causes
decreased pH and increased hydrogen ions — not vice versa. CRF also
increases serum levels of potassium, magnesium, and phosphorous, and
decreases serum levels of calcium. A uric acid analysis of 3.5 mg/dl falls
within the normal range of 2.7 to 7.7 mg/dl; PSP excretion of 75% also
falls with the normal range of 60% to 75%.
20. Answer: (D) Alteration in the size, shape, and organization of

differentiated cells
Rationale: Dysplasia refers to an alteration in the size, shape, and
organization of differentiated cells. The presence of completely
undifferentiated tumor cells that don't resemble cells of the tissues of their
origin is called anaplasia. An increase in the number of normal cells in a
normal arrangement in a tissue or an organ is called hyperplasia.
Replacement of one type of fully differentiated cell by another in tissues
where the second type normally isn't found is called metaplasia.
21. Answer: (D) Kaposi's sarcoma

Rationale: Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common cancer associated with
AIDS. Squamous cell carcinoma, multiple myeloma, and leukemia may
occur in anyone and aren't associated specifically with AIDS.
22. Answer: (C) To prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage

Rationale: The client receiving a subarachnoid block requires special
positioning to prevent CSF leakage and headache and to ensure proper
anesthetic distribution. Proper positioning doesn't help prevent confusion,
seizures, or cardiac arrhythmias.
23. Answer: (A) Auscultate bowel sounds.

Rationale: If abdominal distention is accompanied by nausea, the nurse
must first auscultate bowel sounds. If bowel sounds are absent, the nurse
should suspect gastric or small intestine dilation and these findings must
be reported to the physician. Palpation should be avoided postoperatively
with abdominal distention. If peristalsis is absent, changing positions and
inserting a rectal tube won't relieve the client's discomfort.
24. Answer: (B) Lying on the left side with knees bent
Rationale: For a colonoscopy, the nurse initially should position the client
on the left side with knees bent. Placing the client on the right side with
legs straight, prone with the torso elevated, or bent over with hands
touching the floor wouldn't allow proper visualization of the large intestine.
25. Answer: (A) Blood supply to the stoma has been interrupted
Rationale: An ileostomy stoma forms as the ileum is brought through the
abdominal wall to the surface skin, creating an artificial opening for waste
elimination. The stoma should appear cherry red, indicating adequate
arterial perfusion. A dusky stoma suggests decreased perfusion, which
may result from interruption of the stoma's blood supply and may lead to
tissue damage or necrosis. A dusky stoma isn't a normal finding. Adjusting
the ostomy bag wouldn't affect stoma color, which depends on blood
supply to the area. An intestinal obstruction also wouldn't change stoma
color.
26. Answer: (A) Applying knee splints

Rationale: Applying knee splints prevents leg contractures by holding the
joints in a position of function. Elevating the foot of the bed can't prevent
contractures because this action doesn't hold the joints in a position of
function. Hyperextending a body part for an extended time is inappropriate
because it can cause contractures. Performing shoulder range-of-motion
exercises can prevent contractures in the shoulders, but not in the legs.
27. Answer: (B) Urine output of 20 ml/hour.

Rationale: A urine output of less than 40 ml/hour in a client with burns
indicates a fluid volume deficit. This client's PaO 2 value falls within the
normal range (80 to 100 mm Hg). White pulmonary secretions also are
normal. The client's rectal temperature isn't significantly elevated and
probably results from the fluid volume deficit.
28. Answer: (A) Turn him frequently.

Rationale: The most important intervention to prevent pressure ulcers is
frequent position changes, which relieve pressure on the skin and
underlying tissues. If pressure isn't relieved, capillaries become occluded,
reducing circulation and oxygenation of the tissues and resulting in cell
death and ulcer formation. During passive ROM exercises, the nurse
moves each joint through its range of movement, which improves joint
mobility and circulation to the affected area but doesn't prevent pressure
ulcers. Adequate hydration is necessary to maintain healthy skin and
ensure tissue repair. A footboard prevents plantar flexion and footdrop by
maintaining the foot in a dorsiflexed position.
29. Answer: (C) In long, even, outward, and downward strokes in the
direction of hair growth
Rationale: When applying a topical agent, the nurse should begin at the
midline and use long, even, outward, and downward strokes in the
direction of hair growth. This application pattern reduces the risk of follicle
irritation and skin inflammation.
30. Answer: (A) Beta -adrenergic blockers

Rationale: Beta-adrenergic blockers work by blocking beta receptors in
the myocardium, reducing the response to catecholamines and
sympathetic nerve stimulation. They protect the myocardium, helping to
reduce the risk of another infraction by decreasing myocardial oxygen
demand. Calcium channel blockers reduce the workload of the heart by
decreasing the heart rate. Narcotics reduce myocardial oxygen demand,
promote vasodilation, and decrease anxiety. Nitrates reduce myocardial
oxygen consumption bt decreasing left ventricular end diastolic pressure
(preload) and systemic vascular resistance (afterload).
31. Answer: (C) Raised 30 degrees

Rationale: Jugular venous pressure is measured with a centimeter ruler
to obtain the vertical distance between the sternal angle and the point of
highest pulsation with the head of the bed inclined between 15 to 30
degrees. Increased pressure can’t be seen when the client is supine or
when the head of the bed is raised 10 degrees because the point that
marks the pressure level is above the jaw (therefore, not visible). In high
Fowler’s position, the veins would be barely discernible above the clavicle.
32. Answer: (D) Inotropic agents

Rationale: Inotropic agents are administered to increase the force of the
heart’s contractions, thereby increasing ventricular contractility and
ultimately increasing cardiac output. Beta-adrenergic blockers and calcium
channel blockers decrease the heart rate and ultimately decreased the
workload of the heart. Diuretics are administered to decrease the overall
vascular volume, also decreasing the workload of the heart.

33. Answer: (B) Less than 30% of calories form fat
Rationale: A client with low serum HDL and high serum LDL levels should
get less than 30% of daily calories from fat. The other modifications are
appropriate for this client.
34. Answer: (C) The emergency department nurse calls up the latest
electrocardiogram results to check the client’s progress
Rationale: The emergency department nurse is no longer directly
involved with the client’s care and thus has no legal right to information
about his present condition. Anyone directly involved in his care (such as
the telemetry nurse and the on-call physician) has the right to information
about his condition. Because the client requested that the nurse update
his wife on his condition, doing so doesn’t breach confidentiality.
35. Answer: (B) Check endotracheal tube placement.

Rationale: ET tube placement should be confirmed as soon as the client
arrives in the emergency department. Once the airways is secured,
oxygenation and ventilation should be confirmed using an end-tidal carbon
dioxide monitor and pulse oximetry. Next, the nurse should make sure
L.V. access is established. If the client experiences symptomatic
bradycardia, atropine is administered as ordered 0.5 to 1 mg every 3 to 5
minutes to a total of 3 mg. Then the nurse should try to find the cause of
the client’s arrest by obtaining an ABG sample. Amiodarone is indicated
for ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and atrial flutter – not
symptomatic bradycardia.
36. Answer: (C) 95 mm Hg

Rationale: Use the following formula to calculate MAP
MAP = systolic + 2 (diastolic)
3
MAP=126 mm Hg + 2 (80 mm Hg)
3
MAP=286 mm HG
3
MAP=95 mm Hg
37. Answer: (C) Electrocardiogram, complete blood count, testing for occult
blood, comprehensive serum metabolic panel.
Rationale: An electrocardiogram evaluates the complaints of chest pain,
laboratory tests determines anemia, and the stool test for occult blood
determines blood in the stool. Cardiac monitoring, oxygen, and creatine
kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels are appropriate for a cardiac
primary problem. A basic metabolic panel and alkaline phosphatase and
aspartate aminotransferase levels assess liver function. Prothrombin time,
partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and fibrin split products are

measured to verify bleeding dyscrasias, An electroencephalogram
evaluates brain electrical activity.
38. Answer: (D) Heparin-associated thrombosis and thrombocytopenia

(HATT)
Rationale: HATT may occur after CABG surgery due to heparin use
during surgery. Although DIC and ITP cause platelet aggregation and
bleeding, neither is common in a client after revascularization surgery.
Pancytopenia is a reduction in all blood cells.
39. Answer: (B) Corticosteroids

Rationale: Corticosteroid therapy can decrease antibody production and
phagocytosis of the antibody-coated platelets, retaining more functioning
platelets. Methotrexate can cause thrombocytopenia. Vitamin K is used to
treat an excessive anticoagulate state from warfarin overload, and ASA
decreases platelet aggregation.
40. Answer: (D) Xenogeneic

Rationale: An xenogeneic transplant is between is between human and
another species. A syngeneic transplant is between identical twins,
allogeneic transplant is between two humans, and autologous is a
transplant from the same individual.
41. Answer: (B)

Rationale: Tissue thromboplastin is released when damaged tissue
comes in contact with clotting factors. Calcium is released to assist the
conversion of factors X to Xa. Conversion of factors XII to XIIa and VIII to
VIIIa are part of the intrinsic pathway.
42. Answer: (C) Essential thrombocytopenia

Rationale: Essential thrombocytopenia is linked to immunologic disorders,
such as SLE and human immunodeficiency vitus. The disorder known as
von Willebrand’s disease is a type of hemophilia and isn’t linked to SLE.
Moderate to severe anemia is associated with SLE, not polycythermia.
Dressler’s syndrome is pericarditis that occurs after a myocardial infarction
and isn’t linked to SLE.
43. Answer: (B) Night sweat

Rationale: In stage 1, symptoms include a single enlarged lymph node
(usually), unexplained fever, night sweats, malaise, and generalized
pruritis. Although splenomegaly may be present in some clients, night
sweats are generally more prevalent. Pericarditis isn’t associated with
Hodgkin’s disease, nor is hypothermia. Moreover, splenomegaly and
pericarditis aren’t symptoms. Persistent hypothermia is associated with
Hodgkin’s but isn’t an early sign of the disease.

44. Answer: (D) Breath sounds
Rationale: Pneumonia, both viral and fungal, is a common cause of death
in clients with neutropenia, so frequent assessment of respiratory rate and
breath sounds is required. Although assessing blood pressure, bowel
sounds, and heart sounds is important, it won’t help detect pneumonia.
45. Answer: (B) Muscle spasm

Rationale: Back pain or paresthesia in the lower extremities may indicate
impending spinal cord compression from a spinal tumor. This should be
recognized and treated promptly as progression of the tumor may result in
paraplegia. The other options, which reflect parts of the nervous system,
aren’t usually affected by MM.
46. Answer: (C)10 years

Rationale: Epidermiologic studies show the average time from initial
contact with HIV to the development of AIDS is 10 years.
47. Answer: (A) Low platelet count

Rationale: In DIC, platelets and clotting factors are consumed, resulting in
microthrombi and excessive bleeding. As clots form, fibrinogen levels
decrease and the prothrombin time increases. Fibrin degeneration
products increase as fibrinolysis takes places.
48. Answer: (D) Hodgkin’s disease

Rationale: Hodgkin’s disease typically causes fever night sweats, weight
loss, and lymph mode enlargement. Influenza doesn’t last for months.
Clients with sickle cell anemia manifest signs and symptoms of chronic
anemia with pallor of the mucous membrane, fatigue, and decreased
tolerance for exercise; they don’t show fever, night sweats, weight loss or
lymph node enlargement. Leukemia doesn’t cause lymph node
enlargement.
49. Answer: (C) A Rh-negative

Rationale: Human blood can sometimes contain an inherited D antigen.
Persons with the D antigen have Rh-positive blood type; those lacking the
antigen have Rh-negative blood. It’s important that a person with Rh-
negative blood receives Rh-negative blood. If Rh-positive blood is
administered to an Rh-negative person, the recipient develops anti-Rh
agglutinins, and sub sequent transfusions with Rh-positive blood may
cause serious reactions with clumping and hemolysis of red blood cells.
50. Answer: (B) “I will call my doctor if Stacy has persistent vomiting and
diarrhea”.
Rationale: Persistent (more than 24 hours) vomiting, anorexia, and
diarrhea are signs of toxicity and the patient should stop the medication

and notify the health care provider. The other manifestations are expected
side effects of chemotherapy.
51. Answer: (D) “This is only temporary; Stacy will re-grow new hair in 3-6
months, but may be different in texture”.
Rationale: This is the appropriate response. The nurse should help the
mother how to cope with her own feelings regarding the child’s disease so
as not to affect the child negatively. When the hair grows back, it is still of
the same color and texture.
52. Answer: (B) Apply viscous Lidocaine to oral ulcers as needed.

Rationale: Stomatitis can cause pain and this can be relieved by applying
topical anesthetics such as lidocaine before mouth care. When the patient
is already comfortable, the nurse can proceed with providing the patient
with oral rinses of saline solution mixed with equal part of water or
hydrogen peroxide mixed water in 1:3 concentrations to promote oral
hygiene. Every 2-4 hours.
53. Answer: (C) Immediately discontinue the infusion

Rationale: Edema or swelling at the IV site is a sign that the needle has
been dislodged and the IV solution is leaking into the tissues causing the
edema. The patient feels pain as the nerves are irritated by pressure and
the IV solution. The first action of the nurse would be to discontinue the
infusion right away to prevent further edema and other complication.
54. Answer: (C) Chronic obstructive bronchitis

Rationale: Clients with chronic obstructive bronchitis appear bloated; they
have large barrel chest and peripheral edema, cyanotic nail beds, and at
times, circumoral cyanosis. Clients with ARDS are acutely short of breath
and frequently need intubation for mechanical ventilation and large
amount of oxygen. Clients with asthma don’t exhibit characteristics of
chronic disease, and clients with emphysema appear pink and cachectic.
55. Answer: (D) Emphysema

Rationale: Because of the large amount of energy it takes to breathe,
clients with emphysema are usually cachectic. They’re pink and usually
breathe through pursed lips, hence the term “puffer.” Clients with ARDS
are usually acutely short of breath. Clients with asthma don’t have any
particular characteristics, and clients with chronic obstructive bronchitis
are bloated and cyanotic in appearance.
56. Answer: D 80 mm Hg
Rationale: A client about to go into respiratory arrest will have inefficient
ventilation and will be retaining carbon dioxide. The value expected would
be around 80 mm Hg. All other values are lower than expected.

57. Answer: (C) Respiratory acidosis
Rationale: Because Paco2 is high at 80 mm Hg and the metabolic
measure, HCO3- is normal, the client has respiratory acidosis. The pH is
less than 7.35, academic, which eliminates metabolic and respiratory
alkalosis as possibilities. If the HCO3- was below 22 mEq/L the client
would have metabolic acidosis.
58. Answer: (C) Respiratory failure

Rationale: The client was reacting to the drug with respiratory signs of
impending anaphylaxis, which could lead to eventually respiratory failure.
Although the signs are also related to an asthma attack or a pulmonary
embolism, consider the new drug first. Rheumatoid arthritis doesn’t
manifest these signs.
59. Answer: (D) Elevated serum aminotransferase

Rationale: Hepatic cell death causes release of liver enzymes alanine
aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH) into the circulation. Liver cirrhosis is a chronic and
irreversible disease of the liver characterized by generalized inflammation
and fibrosis of the liver tissues.
60. Answer: (A) Impaired clotting mechanism

Rationale: Cirrhosis of the liver results in decreased Vitamin K absorption
and formation of clotting factors resulting in impaired clotting mechanism.
61. Answer: (B) Altered level of consciousness

Rationale: Changes in behavior and level of consciousness are the first
sins of hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatic encephalopathy is caused by liver
failure and develops when the liver is unable to convert protein metabolic
product ammonia to urea. This results in accumulation of ammonia and
other toxic in the blood that damages the cells.
62. Answer: (C) “I’ll lower the dosage as ordered so the drug causes only 2 to
4 stools a day”.
Rationale: Lactulose is given to a patients with hepatic encephalopathy to
reduce absorption of ammonia in the intestines by binding with ammonia
and promoting more frequent bowel movements. If the patient experience
diarrhea, it indicates over dosage and the nurse must reduce the amount
of medication given to the patient. The stool will be mashy or soft.
Lactulose is also very sweet and may cause cramping and bloating.
63. Answer: (B) Severe lower back pain, decreased blood pressure,
Rationale: Severe lower back pain indicates an aneurysm rupture,
secondary to pressure being applied within the abdominal cavity. When
ruptured occurs, the pain is constant because it can’t be alleviated until

the aneurysm is repaired. Blood pressure decreases due to the loss of
blood. After the aneurysm ruptures, the vasculature is interrupted and
blood volume is lost, so blood pressure wouldn’t increase. For the same
reason, the RBC count is decreased – not increased. The WBC count
increases as cell migrate to the site of injury.
64. Answer: (D) Apply gloves and assess the groin site
Rationale: Observing standard precautions is the first priority when
dealing with any blood fluid. Assessment of the groin site is the second
priority. This establishes where the blood is coming from and determines
how much blood has been lost. The goal in this situation is to stop the
bleeding. The nurse would call for help if it were warranted after the
assessment of the situation. After determining the extent of the bleeding,
vital signs assessment is important. The nurse should never move the
client, in case a clot has formed. Moving can disturb the clot and cause
rebleeding.
65. Answer: (D) Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

Rationale: PTCA can alleviate the blockage and restore blood flow and
oxygenation. An echocardiogram is a noninvasive diagnosis test.
Nitroglycerin is an oral sublingual medication. Cardiac catheterization is a
diagnostic tool – not a treatment.
66. Answer: (B) Cardiogenic shock

Rationale: Cardiogenic shock is shock related to ineffective pumping of
the heart. Anaphylactic shock results from an allergic reaction. Distributive
shock results from changes in the intravascular volume distribution and is
usually associated with increased cardiac output. MI isn’t a shock state,
though a severe MI can lead to shock.
67. Answer: (C) Kidneys’ excretion of sodium and water

Rationale: The kidneys respond to rise in blood pressure by excreting
sodium and excess water. This response ultimately affects sysmolic blood
pressure by regulating blood volume. Sodium or water retention would
only further increase blood pressure. Sodium and water travel together
across the membrane in the kidneys; one can’t travel without the other.
68. Answer: (D) It inhibits reabsorption of sodium and water in the loop of
Henle.
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits sodium and water
reabsorption in the loop Henle, thereby causing a decrease in blood
pressure. Vasodilators cause dilation of peripheral blood vessels, directly
relaxing vascular smooth muscle and decreasing blood pressure.
Adrenergic blockers decrease sympathetic cardioacceleration and
decrease blood pressure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
decrease blood pressure due to their action on angiotensin.

69. Answer: (C) Pancytopenia, elevated antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer
Rationale: Laboratory findings for clients with SLE usually show
pancytopenia, elevated ANA titer, and decreased serum complement
levels. Clients may have elevated BUN and creatinine levels from
nephritis, but the increase does not indicate SLE.
70. Answer: (C) Narcotics are avoided after a head injury because they may
hide a worsening condition.
Rationale: Narcotics may mask changes in the level of consciousness
that indicate increased ICP and shouldn’t acetaminophen is strong enough
ignores the mother’s question and therefore isn’t appropriate. Aspirin is
contraindicated in conditions that may have bleeding, such as trauma, and
for children or young adults with viral illnesses due to the danger of Reye’s
syndrome. Stronger medications may not necessarily lead to vomiting but
will sedate the client, thereby masking changes in his level of
consciousness.
71. Answer: (A) Appropriate; lowering carbon dioxide (CO2) reduces

intracranial pressure (ICP)
Rationale: A normal Paco2 value is 35 to 45 mm Hg CO2 has
vasodilating properties; therefore, lowering Paco2 through hyperventilation
will lower ICP caused by dilated cerebral vessels. Oxygenation is
evaluated through Pao2 and oxygen saturation. Alveolar hypoventilation
would be reflected in an increased Paco2.
72. Answer: (B) A 33-year-old client with a recent diagnosis of Guillain-Barre

syndrome
Rationale: Guillain-Barre syndrome is characterized by ascending
paralysis and potential respiratory failure. The order of client assessment
should follow client priorities, with disorder of airways, breathing, and then
circulation. There’s no information to suggest the postmyocardial infarction
client has an arrhythmia or other complication. There’s no evidence to
suggest hemorrhage or perforation for the remaining clients as a priority of
care.
73. Answer: (C) Decreases inflammation

Rationale: Then action of colchicines is to decrease inflammation by
reducing the migration of leukocytes to synovial fluid. Colchicine doesn’t
replace estrogen, decrease infection, or decrease bone demineralization.
74. Answer: (C) Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis

Rationale: Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and can be
extremely debilitating. It can afflict people of any age, although most are
elderly.
75. Answer: (C) Myxedema coma

Rationale: Myxedema coma, severe hypothyroidism, is a life-threatening
condition that may develop if thyroid replacement medication isn't taken.
Exophthalmos, protrusion of the eyeballs, is seen with hyperthyroidism.
Thyroid storm is life-threatening but is caused by severe hyperthyroidism.
Tibial myxedema, peripheral mucinous edema involving the lower leg, is
associated with hypothyroidism but isn't life-threatening.
76. Answer: (B) An irregular apical pulse

Rationale: Because Cushing's syndrome causes aldosterone
overproduction, which increases urinary potassium loss, the disorder may
lead to hypokalemia. Therefore, the nurse should immediately report signs
and symptoms of hypokalemia, such as an irregular apical pulse, to the
physician. Edema is an expected finding because aldosterone
overproduction causes sodium and fluid retention. Dry mucous
membranes and frequent urination signal dehydration, which isn't
associated with Cushing's syndrome.
77. Answer: (D) Below-normal urine osmolality level, above-normal serum

osmolality level
Rationale: In diabetes insipidus, excessive polyuria causes dilute urine,
resulting in a below-normal urine osmolality level. At the same time,
polyuria depletes the body of water, causing dehydration that leads to an
above-normal serum osmolality level. For the same reasons, diabetes
insipidus doesn't cause above-normal urine osmolality or below-normal
serum osmolality levels.
78. Answer: (A) "I can avoid getting sick by not becoming dehydrated and by
paying attention to my need to urinate, drink, or eat more than usual."
Rationale: Inadequate fluid intake during hyperglycemic episodes often
leads to HHNS. By recognizing the signs of hyperglycemia (polyuria,
polydipsia, and polyphagia) and increasing fluid intake, the client may
prevent HHNS. Drinking a glass of nondiet soda would be appropriate for
hypoglycemia. A client whose diabetes is controlled with oral antidiabetic
agents usually doesn't need to monitor blood glucose levels. A high-
carbohydrate diet would exacerbate the client's condition, particularly if
fluid intake is low.
79. Answer: (D) Hyperparathyroidism

Rationale: Hyperparathyroidism is most common in older women and is
characterized by bone pain and weakness from excess parathyroid
hormone (PTH). Clients also exhibit hypercaliuria-causing polyuria. While
clients with diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus also have polyuria,
they don't have bone pain and increased sleeping. Hypoparathyroidism is
characterized by urinary frequency rather than polyuria.

80. Answer: (C) "I'll take two-thirds of the dose when I wake up and one-third
in the late afternoon."
Rationale: Hydrocortisone, a glucocorticoid, should be administered
according to a schedule that closely reflects the body's own secretion of
this hormone; therefore, two-thirds of the dose of hydrocortisone should
be taken in the morning and one-third in the late afternoon. This dosage
schedule reduces adverse effects.
81. Answer: (C) High corticotropin and high cortisol levels

Rationale: A corticotropin-secreting pituitary tumor would cause high
corticotropin and high cortisol levels. A high corticotropin level with a low
cortisol level and a low corticotropin level with a low cortisol level would be
associated with hypocortisolism. Low corticotropin and high cortisol levels
would be seen if there was a primary defect in the adrenal glands.
82. Answer: (D) Performing capillary glucose testing every 4 hours

Rationale: The nurse should perform capillary glucose testing every 4
hours because excess cortisol may cause insulin resistance, placing the
client at risk for hyperglycemia. Urine ketone testing isn't indicated
because the client does secrete insulin and, therefore, isn't at risk for
ketosis. Urine specific gravity isn't indicated because although fluid
balance can be compromised, it usually isn't dangerously imbalanced.
Temperature regulation may be affected by excess cortisol and isn't an
accurate indicator of infection.
83. Answer: (C) onset to be at 2:30 p.m. and its peak to be at 4 p.m.
Rationale: Regular insulin, which is a short-acting insulin, has an onset of
15 to 30 minutes and a peak of 2 to 4 hours. Because the nurse gave the
insulin at 2 p.m., the expected onset would be from 2:15 p.m. to 2:30 p.m.
and the peak from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m.
84. Answer: (A) No increase in the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level

after 30 minutes during the TSH stimulation test
Rationale: In the TSH test, failure of the TSH level to rise after 30
minutes confirms hyperthyroidism. A decreased TSH level indicates a
pituitary deficiency of this hormone. Below-normal levels of T3 and T4, as
detected by radioimmunoassay, signal hypothyroidism. A below-normal T4
level also occurs in malnutrition and liver disease and may result from
administration of phenytoin and certain other drugs.
85. Answer: (B) "Rotate injection sites within the same anatomic region, not
among different regions."
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to rotate injection sites
within the same anatomic region. Rotating sites among different regions
may cause excessive day-to-day variations in the blood glucose level;
also, insulin absorption differs from one region to the next. Insulin should

be injected only into healthy tissue lacking large blood vessels, nerves, or
scar tissue or other deviations. Injecting insulin into areas of hypertrophy
may delay absorption. The client shouldn't inject insulin into areas of
lipodystrophy (such as hypertrophy or atrophy); to prevent lipodystrophy,
the client should rotate injection sites systematically. Exercise speeds
drug absorption, so the client shouldn't inject insulin into sites above
muscles that will be exercised heavily.
86. Answer: (D) Below-normal serum potassium level

Rationale: A client with HHNS has an overall body deficit of potassium
resulting from diuresis, which occurs secondary to the hyperosmolar,
hyperglycemic state caused by the relative insulin deficiency. An elevated
serum acetone level and serum ketone bodies are characteristic of
diabetic ketoacidosis. Metabolic acidosis, not serum alkalosis, may occur
in HHNS.
87. Answer: (D) Maintaining room temperature in the low-normal range

Rationale: Graves' disease causes signs and symptoms of
hypermetabolism, such as heat intolerance, diaphoresis, excessive thirst
and appetite, and weight loss. To reduce heat intolerance and
diaphoresis, the nurse should keep the client's room temperature in the
low-normal range. To replace fluids lost via diaphoresis, the nurse should
encourage, not restrict, intake of oral fluids. Placing extra blankets on the
bed of a client with heat intolerance would cause discomfort. To provide
needed energy and calories, the nurse should encourage the client to eat
high-carbohydrate foods.
88. Answer: (A) Fracture of the distal radius

Rationale: Colles' fracture is a fracture of the distal radius, such as from
a fall on an outstretched hand. It's most common in women. Colles'
fracture doesn't refer to a fracture of the olecranon, humerus, or carpal
scaphoid.
89. Answer: (B) Calcium and phosphorous

Rationale: In osteoporosis, bones lose calcium and phosphate salts,
becoming porous, brittle, and abnormally vulnerable to fracture. Sodium
and potassium aren't involved in the development of osteoporosis.
90. Answer: (A) Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Rationale: Severe hypoxia after smoke inhalation is typically related to
ARDS. The other conditions listed aren’t typically associated with smoke
inhalation and severe hypoxia.
91. Answer: (D) Fat embolism

Rationale: Long bone fractures are correlated with fat emboli, which
cause shortness of breath and hypoxia. It’s unlikely the client has

developed asthma or bronchitis without a previous history. He could
develop atelectasis but it typically doesn’t produce progressive hypoxia.
92. Answer: (D) Spontaneous pneumothorax

Rationale: A spontaneous pneumothorax occurs when the client’s lung
collapses, causing an acute decreased in the amount of functional lung
used in oxygenation. The sudden collapse was the cause of his chest pain
and shortness of breath. An asthma attack would show wheezing breath
sounds, and bronchitis would have rhonchi. Pneumonia would have
bronchial breath sounds over the area of consolidation.
93. Answer: (C) Pneumothorax

Rationale: From the trauma the client experienced, it’s unlikely he has
bronchitis, pneumonia, or TB; rhonchi with bronchitis, bronchial breath
sounds with TB would be heard.
94. Answer: (C) Serous fluids fills the space and consolidates the region
Rationale: Serous fluid fills the space and eventually consolidates,
preventing extensive mediastinal shift of the heart and remaining lung. Air
can’t be left in the space. There’s no gel that can be placed in the pleural
space. The tissue from the other lung can’t cross the mediastinum,
although a temporary mediastinal shift exits until the space is filled.
95. Answer: (A) Alveolar damage in the infracted area

Rationale: The infracted area produces alveolar damage that can lead to
the production of bloody sputum, sometimes in massive amounts. Clot
formation usually occurs in the legs. There’s a loss of lung parenchyma
and subsequent scar tissue formation.
96. Answer: (D) Respiratory alkalosis

Rationale: A client with massive pulmonary embolism will have a large
region and blow off large amount of carbon dioxide, which crosses the
unaffected alveolar-capillary membrane more readily than does oxygen
and results in respiratory alkalosis.
97. Answer: (A) Air leak

Rationale: Bubbling in the water seal chamber of a chest drainage system
stems from an air leak. In pneumothorax an air leak can occur as air is
pulled from the pleural space. Bubbling doesn’t normally occur with either
adequate or inadequate suction or any preexisting bubbling in the water
seal chamber.
98. Answer: (B) 21

Rationale: 3000 x 10 divided by 24 x 60.
99. Answer: (B) 2.4 ml

Rationale: .05 mg/ 1 ml = .12mg/ x ml, .05x = .12, x = 2.4 ml.
100. Answer: (D) “I should put on the stockings before getting out of bed in
the morning.
Rationale: Promote venous return by applying external pressure on veins.

TEST V
1. Answer: (D) Focusing

Rationale: The nurse is using focusing by suggesting that the client
discuss a specific issue. The nurse didn’t restate the question,
make observation, or ask further question (exploring).
2. Answer: (D) Remove all other clients from the dayroom.

Rationale: The nurse’s first priority is to consider the safety of the clients
in the therapeutic setting. The other actions are appropriate responses
after ensuring the safety of other clients.
3. Answer: (A) The client is disruptive.

Rationale: Group activity provides too much stimulation, which the client
will not be able to handle (harmful to self) and as a result will be disruptive
to others.
4. Answer: (C) Agree to talk with the mother and the father together.
Rationale: By agreeing to talk with both parents, the nurse can
provide emotional support and further assess and validate the family’s
needs.
5. Answer: (A) Perceptual disorders.

Rationale: Frightening visual hallucinations are especially common in
clients experiencing alcohol withdrawal.
6. Answer: (D) Suggest that it takes awhile before seeing the results.
Rationale: The client needs a specific response; that it takes 2 to 3
weeks (a delayed effect) until the therapeutic blood level is reached.
7. Answer: (C) Superego

Rationale: This behavior shows a weak sense of moral consciousness.
According to Freudian theory, personality disorders stem from a weak
superego.
8. Answer: (C) Skeletal muscle paralysis.

Rationale: Anectine is a depolarizing muscle relaxant causing paralysis.
It is used to reduce the intensity of muscle contractions during the
convulsive stage, thereby reducing the risk of bone fractures or
dislocation.
9. Answer: (D) Increase calories, carbohydrates, and protein.

Rationale: This client increased protein for tissue building and increased
calories to replace what is burned up (usually via carbohydrates).

10. Answer: (C) Acting overly solicitous toward the child.
Rationale: This behavior is an example of reaction formation, a coping
mechanism.
11. Answer: (A) By designating times during which the client can focus on
the behavior.
Rationale: The nurse should designate times during which the client can
focus on the compulsive behavior or obsessive thoughts. The nurse
should urge the client to reduce the frequency of the compulsive behavior
gradually, not rapidly. She shouldn't call attention to or try to prevent the
behavior. Trying to prevent the behavior may cause pain and terror in the
client. The nurse should encourage the client to verbalize anxieties to
help distract attention from the compulsive behavior.
12. Answer: (D) Exploring the meaning of the traumatic event with the client.
Rationale: The client with PTSD needs encouragement to examine and
understand the meaning of the traumatic event and consequent losses.
Otherwise, symptoms may worsen and the client may become depressed
or engage in self-destructive behavior such as substance abuse. The
client must explore the meaning of the event and won't heal without this,
no matter how much time passes. Behavioral techniques, such as
relaxation therapy, may help decrease the client's anxiety and induce
sleep. The physician may prescribe antianxiety agents or
antidepressants cautiously to avoid dependence; sleep medication is
rarely appropriate. A special diet isn't indicated unless the client also has
an eating disorder or a nutritional problem.
13. Answer: (C) "Your problem is real but there is no physical basis for it.
We'll work on what is going on in your life to find out why it's happened."
Rationale: The nurse must be honest with the client by telling her that the
paralysis has no physiologic cause while also conveying empathy and
acknowledging that her symptoms are real. The client will benefit from
psychiatric treatment, which will help her understand the underlying cause
of her symptoms. After the psychological conflict is resolved, her
symptoms will disappear. Saying that it must be awful not to be able to
move her legs wouldn't answer the client's question; knowing that the
cause is psychological wouldn't necessarily make her feel better. Telling
her that she has developed paralysis to avoid leaving her parents or that
her personality caused her disorder wouldn't help her understand and
resolve the underlying conflict.
14. Answer: (C) fluvoxamine (Luvox) and clomipramine (Anafranil)

Rationale: The antidepressants fluvoxamine and clomipramine have
been effective in the treatment of OCD. Librium and Valium may be
helpful in treating anxiety related to OCD but aren't drugs of choice to treat
the

illness. The other medications mentioned aren't effective in the treatment
of OCD.
15. Answer: (A) A warning about the drugs delayed therapeutic effect,
which is from 14 to 30 days.
Rationale: The client should be informed that the drug's therapeutic effect
might not be reached for 14 to 30 days. The client must be instructed to
continue taking the drug as directed. Blood level checks aren't necessary.
NMS hasn't been reported with this drug, but tachycardia is frequently
reported.
16. Answer: (B) Severe anxiety and fear.

Rationale: Phobias cause severe anxiety (such as a panic attack) that is
out of proportion to the threat of the feared object or situation. Physical
signs and symptoms of phobias include profuse sweating, poor motor
control, tachycardia, and elevated blood pressure. Insomnia, an inability to
concentrate, and weight loss are common in depression. Withdrawal and
failure to distinguish reality from fantasy occur in schizophrenia.
17. Answer: (A) Antidepressants

Rationale: Tricyclic and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor
antidepressants have been found to be effective in treating clients with
panic attacks. Why these drugs help control panic attacks isn't clearly
understood. Anticholinergic agents, which are smooth-muscle relaxants,
relieve physical symptoms of anxiety but don't relieve the anxiety itself.
Antipsychotic drugs are inappropriate because clients who experience
panic attacks aren't psychotic. Mood stabilizers aren't indicated because
panic attacks are rarely associated with mood changes.
18. Answer: (B) 3 to 5 days

Rationale: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, such as tranylcypromine, have
an onset of action of approximately 3 to 5 days. A full clinical response
may be delayed for 3 to 4 weeks. The therapeutic effects may continue
for 1 to 2 weeks after discontinuation.
19. Answer: (B) Providing emotional support and individual counseling.

Rationale: Clients in the first stage of Alzheimer's disease are aware that
something is happening to them and may become overwhelmed and
frightened. Therefore, nursing care typically focuses on providing
emotional support and individual counseling. The other options are
appropriate during the second stage of Alzheimer's disease, when the
client needs continuous monitoring to prevent minor illnesses from
progressing into major problems and when maintaining adequate nutrition
may become a challenge. During this stage, offering nourishing finger
foods helps clients to feed themselves and maintain adequate nutrition.

20. Answer: (C) Emotional lability, euphoria, and impaired memory
Rationale: Signs of antianxiety agent overdose include emotional lability,
euphoria, and impaired memory. Phencyclidine overdose can cause
combativeness, sweating, and confusion. Amphetamine overdose can
result in agitation, hyperactivity, and grandiose ideation. Hallucinogen
overdose can produce suspiciousness, dilated pupils, and increased
blood pressure.
21. Answer: (D) A low tolerance for frustration

Rationale: Clients with an antisocial personality disorder exhibit a low
tolerance for frustration, emotional immaturity, and a lack of impulse
control. They commonly have a history of unemployment, miss work
repeatedly, and quit work without other plans for employment. They don't
feel guilt about their behavior and commonly perceive themselves as
victims. They also display a lack of responsibility for the outcome of their
actions. Because of a lack of trust in others, clients with antisocial
personality disorder commonly have difficulty developing stable, close
relationships.
22. Answer: (C) Methadone

Rationale: Methadone is used to detoxify opiate users because it binds
with opioid receptors at many sites in the central nervous system but
doesn’t have the same deterious effects as other opiates, such as
cocaine, heroin, and morphine. Barbiturates, amphetamines, and
benzodiazepines are highly addictive and would require detoxification
treatment.
23. Answer: (B) Hallucinations

Rationale: Hallucinations are visual, auditory, gustatory, tactile, or
olfactory perceptions that have no basis in reality. Delusions are false
beliefs, rather than perceptions, that the client accepts as real. Loose
associations are rapid shifts among unrelated ideas. Neologisms are
bizarre words that have meaning only to the client.
24. Answer: (C) Set up a strict eating plan for the client.
Rationale: Establishing a consistent eating plan and monitoring the
client’s weight are very important in this disorder. The family and friends
should be included in the client’s care. The client should be monitored
during meals-not given privacy. Exercise must be limited and supervised.
25. Answer: (A) Highly important or famous.

Rationale: A delusion of grandeur is a false belief that one is highly
important or famous. A delusion of persecution is a false belief that one is
being persecuted. A delusion of reference is a false belief that one is
connected to events unrelated to oneself or a belief that one is responsible
for the evil in the world.

26. Answer: (D) Listening attentively with a neutral attitude and
avoiding power struggles.
Rationale: The nurse should listen to the client’s requests, express
willingness to seriously consider the request, and respond later. The
nurse should encourage the client to take short daytime naps because he
expends so much energy. The nurse shouldn’t try to restrain the client
when he feels the need to move around as long as his activity isn’t
harmful. High calorie finger foods should be offered to supplement the
client’s diet, if he can’t remain seated long enough to eat a complete meal.
The nurse shouldn’t be forced to stay seated at the table to finid=sh a
meal. The nurse should set limits in a calm, clear, and self-confident tone
of voice.
27. Answer: (D) Denial

Rationale: Denial is unconscious defense mechanism in which emotional
conflict and anxiety is avoided by refusing to acknowledge feelings,
desires, impulses, or external facts that are consciously intolerable.
Withdrawal is a common response to stress, characterized by apathy.
Logical thinking is the ability to think rationally and make responsible
decisions, which would lead the client admitting the problem and seeking
help. Repression is suppressing past events from the consciousness
because of guilty association.
28. Answer: (B) Paranoid thoughts

Rationale: Clients with schizotypal personality disorder experience
excessive social anxiety that can lead to paranoid thoughts. Aggressive
behavior is uncommon, although these clients may experience agitation
with anxiety. Their behavior is emotionally cold with a flattened affect,
regardless of the situation. These clients demonstrate a reduced capacity
for close or dependent relationships.
29. Answer: (C) Identify anxiety-causing situations

Rationale: Bulimic behavior is generally a maladaptive coping response to
stress and underlying issues. The client must identify anxiety-causing
situations that stimulate the bulimic behavior and then learn new ways of
coping with the anxiety.
30. Answer: (A) Tension and irritability

Rationale: An amphetamine is a nervous system stimulant that is subject
to abuse because of its ability to produce wakefulness and euphoria. An
overdose increases tension and irritability. Options B and C are incorrect
because amphetamines stimulate norepinephrine, which increase the
heart rate and blood flow. Diarrhea is a common adverse effect so option
D in is incorrect.

31. Answer: (B) “No, I do not hear your voices, but I believe you can
hear them”.
Rationale: The nurse, demonstrating knowledge and understanding,
accepts the client’s perceptions even though they are hallucinatory.
32. Answer: (C) Confusion for a time after treatment

Rationale: The electrical energy passing through the cerebral cortex
during ECT results in a temporary state of confusion after treatment.
33. Answer: (D) Acceptance stage

Rationale: Communication and intervention during this stage are mainly
nonverbal, as when the client gestures to hold the nurse’s hand.
34. Answer: (D) A higher level of anxiety continuing for more than 3
months. Rationale: This is not an expected outcome of a crisis because
by definition a crisis would be resolved in 6 weeks.
35. Answer: (B) Staying in the sun

Rationale: Haldol causes photosensitivity. Severe sunburn can occur on
exposure to the sun.
36. Answer: (D) Moderate-level anxiety

Rationale: A moderately anxious person can ignore peripheral events and
focuses on central concerns.
37. Answer: (C) Diverse interest

Rationale: Before onset of depression, these clients usually have very
narrow, limited interest.
38. Answer: (A) As their depression begins to improve

Rationale: At this point the client may have enough energy to plan and
execute an attempt.
39. Answer: (D) Disturbance in recalling recent events related to cerebral

hypoxia.
Rationale: Cell damage seems to interfere with registering input stimuli,
which affects the ability to register and recall recent events; vascular
dementia is related to multiple vascular lesions of the cerebral cortex and
subcortical structure.
40. Answer: (D) Encouraging the client to have blood levels checked as
ordered.
Rationale: Blood levels must be checked monthly or bimonthly when the
client is on maintenance therapy because there is only a small range
between therapeutic and toxic levels.

41. Answer: (B) Fine hand tremors or slurred speech
Rationale: These are common side effects of lithium carbonate.
42. Answer: (D) Presence

Rationale: The constant presence of a nurse provides emotional support
because the client knows that someone is attentive and available in case
of an emergency.
43. Answer: (A) Client’s perception of the presenting problem.

Rationale: The nurse can be most therapeutic by starting where the client
is, because it is the client’s concept of the problem that serves as the
starting point of the relationship.
44. Answer: (B) Chocolate milk, aged cheese, and yogurt’”

Rationale: These high-tyramine foods, when ingested in the presence of
an MAO inhibitor, cause a severe hypertensive response.
45. Answer: (B) 4 to 6 weeks

Rationale: Crisis is self-limiting and lasts from 4 to 6 weeks.
46. Answer: (D) Males are more likely to use lethal methods than are females
Rationale: This finding is supported by research; females account for 90%
of suicide attempts but males are three times more successful because of
methods used.
47. Answer: (C) "Your cursing is interrupting the activity. Take time out in
your room for 10 minutes."
Rationale: The nurse should set limits on client behavior to ensure a
comfortable environment for all clients. The nurse should accept hostile or
quarrelsome client outbursts within limits without becoming personally
offended, as in option A. Option B is incorrect because it implies that the
client's actions reflect feelings toward the staff instead of the client's own
misery. Judgmental remarks, such as option D, may decrease the client's
self-esteem.
48. Answer: (C) lithium carbonate (Lithane)

Rationale: Lithium carbonate, an antimania drug, is used to treat clients
with cyclical schizoaffective disorder, a psychotic disorder once classified
under schizophrenia that causes affective symptoms, including maniclike
activity. Lithium helps control the affective component of this disorder.
Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor prescribed for clients who
don't respond to other antidepressant drugs such as imipramine.
Chlordiazepoxide, an antianxiety agent, generally is contraindicated in
psychotic clients. Imipramine, primarily considered an antidepressant
agent, is also used to treat clients with agoraphobia and that undergoing
cocaine detoxification.

49. Answer: (B) Report a sore throat or fever to the physician immediately.
Rationale: A sore throat and fever are indications of an infection caused
by agranulocytosis, a potentially life-threatening complication of
clozapine. Because of the risk of agranulocytosis, white blood cell (WBC)
counts are necessary weekly, not monthly. If the WBC count drops below
3,000/μl, the medication must be stopped. Hypotension may occur in
clients taking this medication. Warn the client to stand up slowly to avoid
dizziness from orthostatic hypotension. The medication should be
continued, even when symptoms have been controlled. If the medication
must be stopped, it should be slowly tapered over 1 to 2 weeks and only
under the supervision of a physician.
50. Answer: (C) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Rationale: The client's signs and symptoms suggest neuroleptic
malignant syndrome, a life-threatening reaction to neuroleptic medication
that requires immediate treatment. Tardive dyskinesia causes involuntary
movements of the tongue, mouth, facial muscles, and arm and leg
muscles. Dystonia is characterized by cramps and rigidity of the tongue,
face, neck, and back muscles. Akathisia causes restlessness, anxiety,
and jitteriness.
51. Answer: (B) Advising the client to sit up for 1 minute before getting out
of bed.
Rationale: To minimize the effects of amitriptyline-induced orthostatic
hypotension, the nurse should advise the client to sit up for 1 minute
before getting out of bed. Orthostatic hypotension commonly occurs with
tricyclic antidepressant therapy. In these cases, the dosage may be
reduced or the physician may prescribe nortriptyline, another tricyclic
antidepressant. Orthostatic hypotension disappears only when the drug is
discontinued.
52. Answer: (D) Dysthymic disorder.

Rationale: Dysthymic disorder is marked by feelings of depression lasting
at least 2 years, accompanied by at least two of the following symptoms:
sleep disturbance, appetite disturbance, low energy or fatigue, low self-
esteem, poor concentration, difficulty making decisions, and
hopelessness. These symptoms may be relatively continuous or
separated by intervening periods of normal mood that last a few days to a
few weeks. Cyclothymic disorder is a chronic mood disturbance of at least
2 years' duration marked by numerous periods of depression and
hypomania. Atypical affective disorder is characterized by manic signs and
symptoms. Major depression is a recurring, persistent sadness or loss of
interest or pleasure in almost all activities, with signs and symptoms
recurring for at least 2 weeks.
53. Answer: (C) 30 g mixed in 250 ml of water

Rationale: The usual adult dosage of activated charcoal is 5 to 10 times
the estimated weight of the drug or chemical ingested, or a minimum dose
of 30 g, mixed in 250 ml of water. Doses less than this will be ineffective;
doses greater than this can increase the risk of adverse reactions,
although toxicity doesn't occur with activated charcoal, even at the
maximum dose.
54. Answer: (C) St. John's wort

Rationale: St. John's wort has been found to have serotonin-elevating
properties, similar to prescription antidepressants. Ginkgo biloba is
prescribed to enhance mental acuity. Echinacea has immune-stimulating
properties. Ephedra is a naturally occurring stimulant that is similar to
ephedrine.
55. Answer: (B) Sodium

Rationale: Lithium is chemically similar to sodium. If sodium levels are
reduced, such as from sweating or diuresis, lithium will be reabsorbed by
the kidneys, increasing the risk of toxicity. Clients taking lithium shouldn't
restrict their intake of sodium and should drink adequate amounts of fluid
each day. The other electrolytes are important for normal body functions
but sodium is most important to the absorption of lithium.
56. Answer: (D) It's characterized by an acute onset and lasts hours to
a number of days
Rationale: Delirium has an acute onset and typically can last from
several hours to several days.
57. Answer: (B) Impaired communication.

Rationale: Initially, memory impairment may be the only cognitive deficit
in a client with Alzheimer's disease. During the early stage of this disease,
subtle personality changes may also be present. However, other than
occasional irritable outbursts and lack of spontaneity, the client is usually
cooperative and exhibits socially appropriate behavior. Signs of
advancement to the middle stage of Alzheimer's disease include
exacerbated cognitive impairment with obvious personality changes and
impaired communication, such as inappropriate conversation, actions,
and responses. During the late stage, the client can't perform self-care
activities and may become mute.
58. Answer: (D) This medication may initially cause tiredness, which
should become less bothersome over time.
Rationale: Sedation is a common early adverse effect of imipramine, a
tricyclic antidepressant, and usually decreases as tolerance develops.
Antidepressants aren't habit forming and don't cause physical or
psychological dependence. However, after a long course of high-dose
therapy, the dosage should be decreased gradually to avoid mild

withdrawal symptoms. Serious adverse effects, although rare, include
myocardial infarction, heart failure, and tachycardia. Dietary restrictions,
such as avoiding aged cheeses, yogurt, and chicken livers, are necessary
for a client taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, not a tricyclic
antidepressant.
59. Answer: (C) Monitor vital signs, serum electrolyte levels, and acid-
base balance.
Rationale: An anorexic client who requires hospitalization is in poor
physical condition from starvation and may die as a result of arrhythmias,
hypothermia, malnutrition, infection, or cardiac abnormalities secondary to
electrolyte imbalances. Therefore, monitoring the client's vital signs, serum
electrolyte level, and acid base balance is crucial. Option A may worsen
anxiety. Option B is incorrect because a weight obtained after breakfast is
more accurate than one obtained after the evening meal. Option D would
reward the client with attention for not eating and reinforce the control
issues that are central to the underlying psychological problem; also, the
client may record food and fluid intake inaccurately.
60. Answer: (D) Opioid withdrawal

Rationale: The symptoms listed are specific to opioid withdrawal. Alcohol
withdrawal would show elevated vital signs. There is no real withdrawal
from cannibis. Symptoms of cocaine withdrawal include depression,
anxiety, and agitation.
61. Answer: (A) Regression

Rationale: An adult who throws temper tantrums, such as this one, is
displaying regressive behavior, or behavior that is appropriate at a
younger age. In projection, the client blames someone or something other
than the source. In reaction formation, the client acts in opposition to his
feelings. In intellectualization, the client overuses rational explanations or
abstract thinking to decrease the significance of a feeling or event.
62. Answer: (A) Abnormal movements and involuntary movements of

the mouth, tongue, and face.
Rationale: Tardive dyskinesia is a severe reaction associated with long
term use of antipsychotic medication. The clinical manifestations include
abnormal movements (dyskinesia) and involuntary movements of the
mouth, tongue (fly catcher tongue), and face.
63. Answer: (C) Blurred vision

Rationale: At lithium levels of 2 to 2.5 mEq/L the client will experienced
blurred vision, muscle twitching, severe hypotension, and persistent
nausea and vomiting. With levels between 1.5 and 2 mEq/L the client
experiencing vomiting, diarrhea, muscle weakness, ataxia, dizziness,
slurred speech, and confusion. At lithium levels of 2.5 to 3 mEq/L or

higher, urinary and fecal incontinence occurs, as well as seizures, cardiac
dysrythmias, peripheral vascular collapse, and death.
64. Answer: (C) No acts of aggression have been observed within 1

hour after the release of two of the extremity restraints.
Rationale: The best indicator that the behavior is controlled, if the client
exhibits no signs of aggression after partial release of restraints. Options
A, B, and D do not ensure that the client has controlled the behavior.
65. Answer: (A) increased attention span and concentration

Rationale: The medication has a paradoxic effect that decrease
hyperactivity and impulsivity among children with ADHD. B, C, D. Side
effects of Ritalin include anorexia, insomnia, diarrhea and irritability.
66. Answer: (C) Moderate

Rationale: The child with moderate mental retardation has an I.Q. of 35-
50 Profound Mental retardation has an I.Q. of below 20; Mild mental
retardation 50-70 and Severe mental retardation has an I.Q. of 20-35.
67. Answer: (D) Rearrange the environment to activate the child

Rationale: The child with autistic disorder does not want change.
Maintaining a consistent environment is therapeutic. A. Angry outburst can
be re-channeling through safe activities. B. Acceptance enhances a
trusting relationship. C. Ensure safety from self-destructive behaviors like
head banging and hair pulling.
68. Answer: (B) cocaine

Rationale: The manifestations indicate intoxication with cocaine, a CNS
stimulant. A. Intoxication with heroine is manifested by euphoria then
impairment in judgment, attention and the presence of papillary
constriction. C. Intoxication with hallucinogen like LSD is manifested by
grandiosity, hallucinations, synesthesia and increase in vital signs D.
Intoxication with Marijuana, a cannabinoid is manifested by sensation of
slowed time, conjunctival redness, social withdrawal, impaired judgment
and hallucinations.
69. Answer: (B) insidious onset

Rationale: Dementia has a gradual onset and progressive deterioration. It
causes pronounced memory and cognitive disturbances. A,C and D are
all characteristics of delirium.
70. Answer: (C) Claustrophobia

Rationale: Claustrophobia is fear of closed space. A. Agoraphobia is fear
of open space or being a situation where escape is difficult. B. Social
phobia is fear of performing in the presence of others in a way that will be
humiliating or embarrassing. D. Xenophobia is fear of strangers.

71. Answer: (A) Revealing personal information to the client
Rationale: Counter-transference is an emotional reaction of the nurse on
the client based on her unconscious needs and conflicts. B and C. These
are therapeutic approaches. D. This is transference reaction where a
client has an emotional reaction towards the nurse based on her past.
72. Answer: (D) Hold the next dose and obtain an order for a stat
serum lithium level
Rationale: Diarrhea and vomiting are manifestations of Lithium toxicity.
The next dose of lithium should be withheld and test is done to validate
the observation. A. The manifestations are not due to drug interaction. B.
Cogentin is used to manage the extra pyramidal symptom side effects of
antipsychotics. C. The common side effects of Lithium are fine hand
tremors, nausea, polyuria and polydipsia.
73. Answer: (C) A living, learning or working environment.

Rationale: A therapeutic milieu refers to a broad conceptual approach in
which all aspects of the environment are channeled to provide a
therapeutic environment for the client. The six environmental elements
include structure, safety, norms; limit setting, balance and unit
modification. A. Behavioral approach in psychiatric care is based on the
premise that behavior can be learned or unlearned through the use of
reward and punishment. B. Cognitive approach to change behavior is
done by correcting distorted perceptions and irrational beliefs to correct
maladaptive behaviors. D. This is not congruent with therapeutic milieu.
74. Answer: (B) Transference

Rationale: Transference is a positive or negative feeling associated with a
significant person in the client’s past that are unconsciously assigned to
another A. Splitting is a defense mechanism commonly seen in a client
with personality disorder in which the world is perceived as all good or all
bad C. Countert-transference is a phenomenon where the nurse shifts
feelings assigned to someone in her past to the patient D. Resistance is
the client’s refusal to submit himself to the care of the nurse
75. Answer: (B) Adventitious

Rationale: Adventitious crisis is a crisis involving a traumatic event. It is
not part of everyday life. A. Situational crisis is from an external source
that upset ones psychological equilibrium C and D. Are the same. They
are transitional or developmental periods in life
76. Answer: (C) Major depression

Rationale: The DSM-IV-TR classifies major depression as an Axis I
disorder. Borderline personality disorder as an Axis II; obesity and
hypertension, Axis III.

77. Answer: (B) Transference
Rationale: Transference is the unconscious assignment of negative or
positive feelings evoked by a significant person in the client’s past to
another person. Intellectualization is a defense mechanism in which the
client avoids dealing with emotions by focusing on facts. Triangulation
refers to conflicts involving three family members. Splitting is a defense
mechanism commonly seen in clients with personality disorder in which
the world is perceived as all good or all bad.
78. Answer: (B) Hypochondriasis

Rationale: Complains of vague physical symptoms that have no apparent
medical causes are characteristic of clients with hypochondriasis. In many
cases, the GI system is affected. Conversion disorders are characterized
by one or more neurologic symptoms. The client’s symptoms don’t
suggest severe anxiety. A client experiencing sublimation channels
maladaptive feelings or impulses into socially acceptable behavior
79. Answer: (C) Hypochondriasis

Rationale: Hypochodriasis in this case is shown by the client’s belief that
she has a serious illness, although pathologic causes have been
eliminated. The disturbance usually lasts at lease 6 with identifiable life
stressor such as, in this case, course examinations. Conversion disorder s
are characterized by one or more neurologic symptoms.
Depersonalization refers to persistent recurrent episodes of feeling
detached from one’s self or body. Somatoform disorders generally have a
chronic course with few remissions.
80. Answer: (A) Triazolam (Halcion)

Rationale: Triazolam is one of a group of sedative hypnotic medication
that can be used for a limited time because of the risk of dependence.
Paroxetine is a scrotonin-specific reutake inhibitor used for treatment of
depression panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Fluoxetine
is a scrotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor used for depressive disorders
and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Risperidome is indicated for
psychotic disorders.
81. Answer: (D) It promotes emotional support or attention for the client
Rationale: Secondary gain refers to the benefits of the illness that allow
the client to receive emotional support or attention. Primary gain
enables the client to avoid some unpleasant activity. A dysfunctional
family may disregard the real issue, although some conflict is relieved.
Somatoform pain disorder is a preoccupation with pain in the absence of
physical disease.
82. Answer: (A) “I went to the mall with my friends last Saturday”

Rationale: Clients with panic disorder tent to be socially withdrawn. Going
to the mall is a sign of working on avoidance behaviors. Hyperventilating
is a key symptom of panic disorder. Teaching breathing control is a major
intervention for clients with panic disorder. The client taking medications
for panic disorder; such as tricylic antidepressants and benzodiazepines,
must be weaned off these drugs. Most clients with panic disorder with
agoraphobia don’t have nutritional problems.
83. Answer: (A) “I’m sleeping better and don’t have nightmares”
Rationale:MAO inhibitors are used to treat sleep problems, nightmares,
and intrusive daytime thoughts in individual with posttraumatic stress
disorder. MAO inhibitors aren’t used to help control flashbacks or
phobias or to decrease the craving for alcohol.
84. Answer: (D) Stopping the drug can cause withdrawal symptoms
Rationale: Stopping antianxiety drugs such as benzodiazepines can
cause the client to have withdrawal symptoms. Stopping a
benzodiazepine doesn’t tend to cause depression, increase cognitive
abilities, or decrease sleeping difficulties.
85. Answer: (B) Behavioral difficulties

Rationale: Adolescents tend to demonstrate severe irritability and
behavioral problems rather than simply a depressed mood. Anxiety
disorder is more commonly associated with small children rather than with
adolescents. Cognitive impairment is typically associated with delirium or
dementia. Labile mood is more characteristic of a client with cognitive
impairment or bipolar disorder.
86. Answer: (D) It’s a mood disorder similar to major depression but of mild
to moderate severity
Rationale: Dysthymic disorder is a mood disorder similar to major
depression but it remains mild to moderate in severity. Cyclothymic
disorder is a mood disorder characterized by a mood range from
moderate depression to hypomania. Bipolar I disorder is characterized by
a single manic episode with no past major depressive episodes.
Seasonal- affective disorder is a form of depression occurring in the fall
and winter.
87. Answer: (A) Vascular dementia has more abrupt onset

Rationale: Vascular dementia differs from Alzheimer’s disease in that it
has a more abrupt onset and runs a highly variable course. Personally
change is common in Alzheimer’s disease. The duration of delirium is
usually brief. The inability to carry out motor activities is common in
Alzheimer’s disease.
88. Answer: (C) Drug intoxication

Rationale: This client was taking several medications that have a
propensity for producing delirium; digoxin (a digitalis glycoxide),
furosemide (a thiazide diuretic), and diazepam (a benzodiazepine).
Sufficient supporting data don’t exist to suspect the other options as
causes.
89. Answer: (D) The client is experiencing visual hallucination

Rationale: The presence of a sensory stimulus correlates with the
definition of a hallucination, which is a false sensory perception. Aphasia
refers to a communication problem. Dysarthria is difficulty in speech
production. Flight of ideas is rapid shifting from one topic to another.
90. Answer: (D) The client looks at the shadow on a wall and tells the
nurse she sees frightening faces on the wall.
Rationale: Minor memory problems are distinguished from dementia by
their minor severity and their lack of significant interference with the
client’s social or occupational lifestyle. Other options would be included in
the history data but don’t directly correlate with the client’s lifestyle.
91. Answer: (D) Loose association

Rationale: Loose associations are conversations that constantly shift in
topic. Concrete thinking implies highly definitive thought processes. Flight
of ideas is characterized by conversation that’s disorganized from the
onset. Loose associations don’t necessarily start in a cogently, then
becomes loose.
92. Answer: (C) Paranoid

Rationale: Because of their suspiciousness, paranoid personalities
ascribe malevolent activities to others and tent to be defensive, becoming
quarrelsome and argumentative. Clients with antisocial personality
disorder can also be antagonistic and argumentative but are less
suspicious than paranoid personalities. Clients with histrionic personality
disorder are dramatic, not suspicious and argumentative. Clients with
schizoid personality disorder are usually detached from other and tend to
have eccentric behavior.
93. Answer: (C) Explain that the drug is less affective if the client smokes
Rationale: Olanzapine (Zyprexa) is less effective for clients who smoke
cigarettes. Serotonin syndrome occurs with clients who take a
combination of antidepressant medications. Olanzapine doesn’t cause
euphoria, and extrapyramidal adverse reactions aren’t a problem.
However, the client should be aware of adverse effects such as tardive
dyskinesia.
94. Answer: (A) Lack of honesty

Rationale: Clients with antisocial personality disorder tent to engage in
acts of dishonesty, shown by lying. Clients with schizotypal personality
disorder tend to be superstitious. Clients with histrionic personality
disorders tend to overreact to frustrations and disappointments, have
temper tantrums, and seek attention.
95. Answer: (A) “I’m not going to look just at the negative things about
myself” Rationale: As the clients makes progress on improving self-
esteem, self- blame and negative self evaluation will decrease. Clients
with dependent personality disorder tend to feel fragile and inadequate
and would be extremely unlikely to discuss their level of competence and
progress. These clients focus on self and aren’t envious or jealous.
Individuals with dependent personality disorders don’t take over situations
because they see themselves as inept and inadequate.
96. Answer: (C) Assess for possible physical problems such as rash
Rationale: Clients with schizophrenia generally have poor visceral
recognition because they live so fully in their fantasy world. They need
to have as in-depth assessment of physical complaints that may spill
over into their delusional symptoms. Talking with the client won’t provide
as assessment of his itching, and itching isn’t as adverse reaction of
antipsychotic drugs, calling the physician to get the client’s medication
increased doesn’t address his physical complaints.
97. Answer: (B) Echopraxia

Rationale: Echopraxia is the copying of another’s behaviors and is the
result of the loss of ego boundaries. Modeling is the conscious copying of
someone’s behaviors. Ego-syntonicity refers to behaviors that correspond
with the individual’s sense of self. Ritualism behaviors are repetitive and
compulsive.
98. Answer: (C) Hallucination

Rationale: Hallucinations are sensory experiences that are
misrepresentations of reality or have no basis in reality. Delusions are
beliefs not based in reality. Disorganized speech is characterized by
jumping from one topic to the next or using unrelated words. An idea of
reference is a belief that an unrelated situation holds special meaning for
the client.
99. Answer: (C) Regression

Rationale: Regression, a return to earlier behavior to reduce anxiety, is
the basic defense mechanism in schizophrenia. Projection is a defense
mechanism in which one blames others and attempts to justify actions; it’s
used primarily by people with paranoid schizophrenia and delusional
disorder. Rationalization is a defense mechanism used to justify one’s
action. Repression is the basic defense mechanism in the neuroses; it’s

an involuntary exclusion of painful thoughts, feelings, or experiences from
awareness.
100. Answer: (A) Should report feelings of restlessness or agitation at once

Rationale: Agitation and restlessness are adverse effect of haloperidol
and can be treated with antocholinergic drugs. Haloperidol isn’t likely to
cause photosensitivity or control essential hypertension. Although the
client may experience increased concentration and activity, these effects
are due to a decreased in symptoms, not the drug itself.

PART III
PRACTICE TEST I
FOUNDATION OF NURSING

FOUNDATION OF NURSING
1. Which element in the circular chain of infection can be eliminated

by preserving skin integrity?
a. Host
b. Reservoir
c. Mode of transmission
d. Portal of entry
2. Which of the following will probably result in a break in sterile technique
for respiratory isolation?
a. Opening the patient’s window to the outside environment
b. Turning on the patient’s room ventilator
c. Opening the door of the patient’s room leading into the
hospital corridor
d. Failing to wear gloves when administering a bed bath
3. Which of the following patients is at greater risk for contracting
an infection?
a. A patient with leukopenia
b. A patient receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics
c. A postoperative patient who has undergone orthopedic surgery
d. A newly diagnosed diabetic patient
4. Effective hand washing requires the use of:
a. Soap or detergent to promote emulsification
b. Hot water to destroy bacteria
c. A disinfectant to increase surface tension
d. All of the above
5. After routine patient contact, hand washing should last at least:
a. 30 seconds
b. 1 minute
c. 2 minute
d. 3 minutes
6. Which of the following procedures always requires surgical asepsis?
a. Vaginal instillation of conjugated estrogen
b. Urinary catheterization
c. Nasogastric tube insertion
d. Colostomy irrigation
7. Sterile technique is used whenever:
a. Strict isolation is required
b. Terminal disinfection is performed
c. Invasive procedures are performed
d. Protective isolation is necessary
8. Which of the following constitutes a break in sterile technique
while preparing a sterile field for a dressing change?
a. Using sterile forceps, rather than sterile gloves, to handle a
sterile item

b. Touching the outside wrapper of sterilized material without
sterile gloves
c. Placing a sterile object on the edge of the sterile field
d. Pouring out a small amount of solution (15 to 30 ml) before
pouring the solution into a sterile container
9. A natural body defense that plays an active role in preventing infection is:
a. Yawning
b. Body hair
c. Hiccupping
d. Rapid eye movements
10. All of the following statement are true about donning sterile gloves except:
a. The first glove should be picked up by grasping the inside of
the cuff.
b. The second glove should be picked up by inserting the
gloved fingers under the cuff outside the glove.
c. The gloves should be adjusted by sliding the gloved fingers
under the sterile cuff and pulling the glove over the wrist
d. The inside of the glove is considered sterile
11. When removing a contaminated gown, the nurse should be careful
that the first thing she touches is the:
a. Waist tie and neck tie at the back of the gown
b. Waist tie in front of the gown
c. Cuffs of the gown
d. Inside of the gown
12. Which of the following nursing interventions is considered the
most effective form or universal precautions?
a. Cap all used needles before removing them from their syringes
b. Discard all used uncapped needles and syringes in
an impenetrable protective container
c. Wear gloves when administering IM injections
d. Follow enteric precautions
13. All of the following measures are recommended to prevent pressure
ulcers except:
a. Massaging the reddened are with lotion
b. Using a water or air mattress
c. Adhering to a schedule for positioning and turning
d. Providing meticulous skin care
14. Which of the following blood tests should be performed before a
blood transfusion?
a. Prothrombin and coagulation time
b. Blood typing and cross-matching
c. Bleeding and clotting time
d. Complete blood count (CBC) and electrolyte levels.
15. The primary purpose of a platelet count is to evaluate the:
a. Potential for clot formation
b. Potential for bleeding

c. Presence of an antigen-antibody response
d. Presence of cardiac enzymes
16. Which of the following white blood cell (WBC) counts clearly
indicates leukocytosis?
a. 4,500/mm³
b. 7,000/mm³
c. 10,000/mm³
d. 25,000/mm³
17. After 5 days of diuretic therapy with 20mg of furosemide (Lasix) daily, a
patient begins to exhibit fatigue, muscle cramping and muscle
weakness. These symptoms probably indicate that the patient is
experiencing:
a. Hypokalemia
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Anorexia
d. Dysphagia
18. Which of the following statements about chest X-ray is false?
a. No contradictions exist for this test
b. Before the procedure, the patient should remove all
jewelry, metallic objects, and buttons above the waist
c. A signed consent is not required
d. Eating, drinking, and medications are allowed before this test
19. The most appropriate time for the nurse to obtain a sputum specimen
for culture is:
a. Early in the morning
b. After the patient eats a light breakfast
c. After aerosol therapy
d. After chest physiotherapy
20.A A patient with no known allergies is to receive penicillin every 6 hours.
When administering the medication, the nurse observes a fine rash on
the patient’s skin. The most appropriate nursing action would be to:
a. Withhold the moderation and notify the physician
b. Administer the medication and notify the physician
c. Administer the medication with an antihistamine
d. Apply corn starch soaks to the rash
21. All of the following nursing interventions are correct when using the
Z- track method of drug injection except:
a. Prepare the injection site with alcohol
b. Use a needle that’s a least 1” long
c. Aspirate for blood before injection
d. Rub the site vigorously after the injection to promote absorption
22. The correct method for determining the vastus lateralis site for
I.M. injection is to:
a. Locate the upper aspect of the upper outer quadrant of the
buttock about 5 to 8 cm below the iliac crest
b. Palpate the lower edge of the acromion process and the
midpoint lateral aspect of the arm

c. Palpate a 1” circular area anterior to the umbilicus
d. Divide the area between the greater femoral trochanter and the
lateral femoral condyle into thirds, and select the middle third on
the anterior of the thigh
23. The mid-deltoid injection site is seldom used for I.M. injections because it:
a. Can accommodate only 1 ml or less of medication
b. Bruises too easily
c. Can be used only when the patient is lying down
d. Does not readily parenteral medication
24. The appropriate needle size for insulin injection is:
a. 18G, 1 ½” long
b. 22G, 1” long
c. 22G, 1 ½” long
d. 25G, 5/8” long
25. The appropriate needle gauge for intradermal injection is:
a. 20G
b. 22G
c. 25G
d. 26G
26. Parenteral penicillin can be administered as an:
a. IM injection or an IV solution
b. IV or an intradermal injection
c. Intradermal or subcutaneous injection
d. IM or a subcutaneous injection
27. The physician orders gr 10 of aspirin for a patient. The equivalent dose
in milligrams is:
a. 0.6 mg
b. 10 mg
c. 60 mg
d. 600 mg
28. The physician orders an IV solution of dextrose 5% in water at
100ml/hour. What would the flow rate be if the drop factor is 15 gtt = 1
ml?
a. 5 gtt/minute
b. 13 gtt/minute
c. 25 gtt/minute
d. 50 gtt/minute
29. Which of the following is a sign or symptom of a hemolytic reaction
to blood transfusion?
a. Hemoglobinuria
b. Chest pain
c. Urticaria
d. Distended neck veins
30. Which of the following conditions may require fluid restriction?
a. Fever
b. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
c. Renal Failure

d. Dehydration
31. All of the following are common signs and symptoms of phlebitis except:
a. Pain or discomfort at the IV insertion site
b. Edema and warmth at the IV insertion site
c. A red streak exiting the IV insertion site
d. Frank bleeding at the insertion site
32. The best way of determining whether a patient has learned to instill
ear medication properly is for the nurse to:
a. Ask the patient if he/she has used ear drops before
b. Have the patient repeat the nurse’s instructions using her
own words
c. Demonstrate the procedure to the patient and encourage to
ask questions
d. Ask the patient to demonstrate the procedure
33. Which of the following types of medications can be administered
via gastrostomy tube?
a. Any oral medications
b. Capsules whole contents are dissolve in water
c. Enteric-coated tablets that are thoroughly dissolved in water
d. Most tablets designed for oral use, except for extended-
duration compounds
34.A A patient who develops hives after receiving an antibiotic is
exhibiting drug:
a. Tolerance
b. Idiosyncrasy
c. Synergism
d. Allergy
35.A A patient has returned to his room after femoral arteriography. All of
the following are appropriate nursing interventions except:
a. Assess femoral, popliteal, and pedal pulses every 15 minutes for
2 hours
b. Check the pressure dressing for sanguineous drainage
c. Assess a vital signs every 15 minutes for 2 hours
d. Order a hemoglobin and hematocrit count 1 hour after
the arteriography
36. The nurse explains to a patient that a cough:
a. Is a protective response to clear the respiratory tract of irritants
b. Is primarily a voluntary action
c. Is induced by the administration of an antitussive drug
d. Can be inhibited by “splinting” the abdomen
37. An infected patient has chills and begins shivering. The best
nursing intervention is to:
a. Apply iced alcohol sponges
b. Provide increased cool liquids
c. Provide additional bedclothes
d. Provide increased ventilation

38.A A clinical nurse specialist is a nurse who has:
a. Been certified by the National League for Nursing
b. Received credentials from the Philippine Nurses’ Association
c. Graduated from an associate degree program and is a
registered professional nurse
d. Completed a master’s degree in the prescribed clinical area and
is a registered professional nurse.
39. The purpose of increasing urine acidity through dietary means is to:
a. Decrease burning sensations
b. Change the urine’s color
c. Change the urine’s concentration
d. Inhibit the growth of microorganisms
40. Clay colored stools indicate:
a. Upper GI bleeding
b. Impending constipation
c. An effect of medication
d. Bile obstruction
41. In which step of the nursing process would the nurse ask a patient if
the medication she administered relieved his pain?
a. Assessment
b. Analysis
c. Planning
d. Evaluation
42. All of the following are good sources of vitamin A except:
a. White potatoes
b. Carrots
c. Apricots
d. Egg yolks
43. Which of the following is a primary nursing intervention necessary for
all patients with a Foley Catheter in place?
a. Maintain the drainage tubing and collection bag level with
the patient’s bladder
b. Irrigate the patient with 1% Neosporin solution three times a daily
c. Clamp the catheter for 1 hour every 4 hours to maintain
the bladder’s elasticity
d. Maintain the drainage tubing and collection bag below bladder
level to facilitate drainage by gravity
44. The ELISA test is used to:
a. Screen blood donors for antibodies to human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
b. Test blood to be used for transfusion for HIV antibodies
c. Aid in diagnosing a patient with AIDS
d. All of the above
45. The two blood vessels most commonly used for TPN infusion are the:
a. Subclavian and jugular veins
b. Brachial and subclavian veins

c. Femoral and subclavian veins
d. Brachial and femoral veins
46. Effective skin disinfection before a surgical procedure includes which
of the following methods?
a. Shaving the site on the day before surgery
b. Applying a topical antiseptic to the skin on the evening
before surgery
c. Having the patient take a tub bath on the morning of surgery
d. Having the patient shower with an antiseptic soap on the
evening v=before and the morning of surgery
47. When transferring a patient from a bed to a chair, the nurse should
use which muscles to avoid back injury?
a. Abdominal muscles
b. Back muscles
c. Leg muscles
d. Upper arm muscles
48. Thrombophlebitis typically develops in patients with which of the
a. Increases partial thromboplastin time
b. Acute pulsus paradoxus
c. An impaired or traumatized blood vessel wall
d. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
49. In a recumbent, immobilized patient, lung ventilation can become
altered, leading to such respiratory complications as:
a. Respiratory acidosis, ateclectasis, and hypostatic pneumonia
b. Appneustic breathing, atypical pneumonia and respiratory alkalosis
c. Cheyne-Strokes respirations and spontaneous pneumothorax
d. Kussmail’s respirations and hypoventilation
50. Immobility impairs bladder elimination, resulting in such disorders as
a. Increased urine acidity and relaxation of the perineal
muscles, causing incontinence
b. Urine retention, bladder distention, and infection
c. Diuresis, natriuresis, and decreased urine specific gravity
d. Decreased calcium and phosphate levels in the urine

ANSWERS AND RATIONALE – FOUNDATION OF NURSING
1. D. In the circular chain of infection, pathogens must be able to leave

their reservoir and be transmitted to a susceptible host through a portal
of entry, such as broken skin.
2. C. Respiratory isolation, like strict isolation, requires that the door to the
door patient’s room remain closed. However, the patient’s room should
be well ventilated, so opening the window or turning on the ventricular is
desirable. The nurse does not need to wear gloves for respiratory
isolation, but good hand washing is important for all types of isolation.
3. A. Leukopenia is a decreased number of leukocytes (white blood
cells), which are important in resisting infection. None of the other
situations would put the patient at risk for contracting an infection;
taking broad- spectrum antibiotics might actually reduce the infection
risk.
4. A. Soaps and detergents are used to help remove bacteria because of
their ability to lower the surface tension of water and act as
emulsifying agents. Hot water may lead to skin irritation or burns.
5. A. Depending on the degree of exposure to pathogens, hand washing
may last from 10 seconds to 4 minutes. After routine patient contact,
hand washing for 30 seconds effectively minimizes the risk of pathogen
transmission.
6. B. The urinary system is normally free of microorganisms except at
the urinary meatus. Any procedure that involves entering this system
must use surgically aseptic measures to maintain a bacteria-free state.
7. C. All invasive procedures, including surgery, catheter insertion, and
administration of parenteral therapy, require sterile technique to maintain a
sterile environment. All equipment must be sterile, and the nurse and the
physician must wear sterile gloves and maintain surgical asepsis. In the
operating room, the nurse and physician are required to wear sterile
gowns, gloves, masks, hair covers, and shoe covers for all invasive
procedures. Strict isolation requires the use of clean gloves, masks,
gowns and equipment to prevent the transmission of highly communicable
diseases by contact or by airborne routes. Terminal disinfection is the
disinfection of all contaminated supplies and equipment after a patient has
been discharged to prepare them for reuse by another patient. The
purpose of protective (reverse) isolation is to prevent a person with
seriously impaired resistance from coming into contact who potentially
pathogenic organisms.
8. C. The edges of a sterile field are considered contaminated. When sterile
items are allowed to come in contact with the edges of the field, the
sterile items also become contaminated.
9. B. Hair on or within body areas, such as the nose, traps and holds
particles that contain microorganisms. Yawning and hiccupping do
not prevent microorganisms from entering or leaving the body. Rapid
eye movement marks the stage of sleep during which dreaming
occurs.
10. D. The inside of the glove is always considered to be clean, but not sterile.
11. A. The back of the gown is considered clean, the front is contaminated.
So, after removing gloves and washing hands, the nurse should untie the
back of the gown; slowly move backward away from the gown, holding
the inside of the gown and keeping the edges off the floor; turn and fold
the gown inside out; discard it in a contaminated linen container; then
wash her hands again.
12. B. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), blood-to-blood
contact occurs most commonly when a health care worker attempts to
cap a used needle. Therefore, used needles should never be recapped;
instead they should be inserted in a specially designed puncture resistant,
labeled container. Wearing gloves is not always necessary when
administering an I.M. injection. Enteric precautions prevent the transfer of
pathogens via feces.
13. A. Nurses and other health care professionals previously believed that
massaging a reddened area with lotion would promote venous return and
reduce edema to the area. However, research has shown that massage
only increases the likelihood of cellular ischemia and necrosis to the
area.
14. B. Before a blood transfusion is performed, the blood of the donor and
recipient must be checked for compatibility. This is done by blood typing
(a test that determines a person’s blood type) and cross-matching (a
procedure that determines the compatibility of the donor’s and recipient’s
blood after the blood types has been matched). If the blood specimens are
incompatible, hemolysis and antigen-antibody reactions will occur.
15. A. Platelets are disk-shaped cells that are essential for blood coagulation.
A platelet count determines the number of thrombocytes in blood available
for promoting hemostasis and assisting with blood coagulation after injury.
It also is used to evaluate the patient’s potential for bleeding; however,
this is not its primary purpose. The normal count ranges from 150,000 to
350,000/mm3. A count of 100,000/mm3 or less indicates a potential for
bleeding; count of less than 20,000/mm 3 is associated with spontaneous
bleeding.
16. D. Leukocytosis is any transient increase in the number of white blood
cells (leukocytes) in the blood. Normal WBC counts range from 5,000
to 100,000/mm3. Thus, a count of 25,000/mm3 indicates leukocytosis.
17. A. Fatigue, muscle cramping, and muscle weaknesses are symptoms of
hypokalemia (an inadequate potassium level), which is a potential side
effect of diuretic therapy. The physician usually orders supplemental
potassium to prevent hypokalemia in patients receiving diuretics.
Anorexia is another symptom of hypokalemia. Dysphagia means difficulty
swallowing.
18. A. Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy is the only contraindication for a
chest X-ray. However, if a chest X-ray is necessary, the patient can wear
a lead apron to protect the pelvic region from radiation. Jewelry, metallic
objects, and buttons would interfere with the X-ray and thus should not
be worn above the waist. A signed consent is not required because a
chest

X-ray is not an invasive examination. Eating, drinking and medications
are allowed because the X-ray is of the chest, not the abdominal region.
19. A. Obtaining a sputum specimen early in this morning ensures an
adequate supply of bacteria for culturing and decreases the risk
of contamination from food or medication.
20. A. Initial sensitivity to penicillin is commonly manifested by a skin rash,
even in individuals who have not been allergic to it previously. Because
of the danger of anaphylactic shock, he nurse should withhold the drug
and notify the physician, who may choose to substitute another drug.
Administering an antihistamine is a dependent nursing intervention that
requires a written physician’s order. Although applying corn starch to the
rash may relieve discomfort, it is not the nurse’s top priority in such a
potentially life-threatening situation.
21. D. The Z-track method is an I.M. injection technique in which the
patient’s skin is pulled in such a way that the needle track is sealed off
after the injection. This procedure seals medication deep into the muscle,
thereby minimizing skin staining and irritation. Rubbing the injection site
is contraindicated because it may cause the medication to extravasate
into the skin.
22. D. The vastus lateralis, a long, thick muscle that extends the full length
of the thigh, is viewed by many clinicians as the site of choice for I.M.
injections because it has relatively few major nerves and blood vessels.
The middle third of the muscle is recommended as the injection site. The
patient can be in a supine or sitting position for an injection into this site.
23. A. The mid-deltoid injection site can accommodate only 1 ml or less of
medication because of its size and location (on the deltoid muscle of
the arm, close to the brachial artery and radial nerve).
24. D. A 25G, 5/8” needle is the recommended size for insulin injection
because insulin is administered by the subcutaneous route. An 18G, 1 ½”
needle is usually used for I.M. injections in children, typically in the vastus
lateralis. A 22G, 1 ½” needle is usually used for adult I.M. injections,
which are typically administered in the vastus lateralis or ventrogluteal
site.
25. D. Because an intradermal injection does not penetrate deeply into the
skin, a small-bore 25G needle is recommended. This type of injection is
used primarily to administer antigens to evaluate reactions for allergy or
sensitivity studies. A 20G needle is usually used for I.M. injections of oil-
based medications; a 22G needle for I.M. injections; and a 25G needle,
for
I.M. injections; and a 25G needle, for subcutaneous insulin injections.
26. A. Parenteral penicillin can be administered I.M. or added to a solution
and given I.V. It cannot be administered subcutaneously or
intradermally.
27. D. gr 10 x 60mg/gr 1 = 600 mg
28. C. 100ml/60 min X 15 gtt/ 1 ml = 25 gtt/minute
29. A. Hemoglobinuria, the abnormal presence of hemoglobin in the
urine, indicates a hemolytic reaction (incompatibility of the donor’s and
recipient’s blood). In this reaction, antibodies in the recipient’s plasma
combine rapidly with donor RBC’s; the cells are hemolyzed in either

circulatory or reticuloendothelial system. Hemolysis occurs more rapidly in
ABO incompatibilities than in Rh incompatibilities. Chest pain and urticaria
may be symptoms of impending anaphylaxis. Distended neck veins are
an indication of hypervolemia.
30. C. In real failure, the kidney loses their ability to effectively eliminate
wastes and fluids. Because of this, limiting the patient’s intake of oral
and
I.V. fluids may be necessary. Fever, chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease, and dehydration are conditions for which fluids should be
encouraged.
31. D. Phlebitis, the inflammation of a vein, can be caused by chemical
irritants (I.V. solutions or medications), mechanical irritants (the needle or
catheter used during venipuncture or cannulation), or a localized allergic
reaction to the needle or catheter. Signs and symptoms of phlebitis
include pain or discomfort, edema and heat at the I.V. insertion site, and
a red streak going up the arm or leg from the I.V. insertion site.
32. D. Return demonstration provides the most certain evidence for
evaluating the effectiveness of patient teaching.
33. D. Capsules, enteric-coated tablets, and most extended duration or
sustained release products should not be dissolved for use in a
gastrostomy tube. They are pharmaceutically manufactured in these
forms for valid reasons, and altering them destroys their purpose. The
nurse should seek an alternate physician’s order when an ordered
medication is inappropriate for delivery by tube.
34. D. A drug-allergy is an adverse reaction resulting from an immunologic
response following a previous sensitizing exposure to the drug. The
reaction can range from a rash or hives to anaphylactic shock. Tolerance
to a drug means that the patient experiences a decreasing physiologic
response to repeated administration of the drug in the same dosage.
Idiosyncrasy is an individual’s unique hypersensitivity to a drug, food, or
other substance; it appears to be genetically determined. Synergism, is a
drug interaction in which the sum of the drug’s combined effects is
greater than that of their separate effects.
35. D. A hemoglobin and hematocrit count would be ordered by the
physician if bleeding were suspected. The other answers are appropriate
nursing interventions for a patient who has undergone femoral
arteriography.
36. A. Coughing, a protective response that clears the respiratory tract of
irritants, usually is involuntary; however it can be voluntary, as when a
patient is taught to perform coughing exercises. An antitussive drug
inhibits coughing. Splinting the abdomen supports the abdominal
muscles when a patient coughs.
37. C. In an infected patient, shivering results from the body’s attempt to
increase heat production and the production of neutrophils and
phagocytotic action through increased skeletal muscle tension and
contractions. Initial vasoconstriction may cause skin to feel cold to
the touch. Applying additional bed clothes helps to equalize the body

temperature and stop the chills. Attempts to cool the body result in further
shivering, increased metabloism, and thus increased heat production.
38. D. A clinical nurse specialist must have completed a master’s degree in a
clinical specialty and be a registered professional nurse. The National
League of Nursing accredits educational programs in nursing and
provides a testing service to evaluate student nursing competence but it
does not certify nurses. The American Nurses Association identifies
requirements for certification and offers examinations for certification in
many areas of nursing., such as medical surgical nursing. These
certification (credentialing) demonstrates that the nurse has the
knowledge and the ability to provide high quality nursing care in the area
of her certification. A graduate of an associate degree program is not a
clinical nurse specialist: however, she is prepared to provide bed side
nursing with a high degree of knowledge and skill. She must successfully
complete the licensing examination to become a registered professional
nurse.
39. D. Microorganisms usually do not grow in an acidic environment.
40. D. Bile colors the stool brown. Any inflammation or obstruction that
impairs bile flow will affect the stool pigment, yielding light, clay-colored
stool. Upper GI bleeding results in black or tarry stool. Constipation is
characterized by small, hard masses. Many medications and foods will
discolor stool – for example, drugs containing iron turn stool black.; beets
turn stool red.
41. D. In the evaluation step of the nursing process, the nurse must
decide whether the patient has achieved the expected outcome that
was identified in the planning phase.
42. A. The main sources of vitamin A are yellow and green vegetables (such
as carrots, sweet potatoes, squash, spinach, collard greens, broccoli,
and cabbage) and yellow fruits (such as apricots, and cantaloupe).
Animal sources include liver, kidneys, cream, butter, and egg yolks.
43. D. Maintaing the drainage tubing and collection bag level with the
patient’s bladder could result in reflux of urine into the kidney. Irrigating
the bladder with Neosporin and clamping the catheter for 1 hour every 4
hours must be prescribed by a physician.
44. D. The ELISA test of venous blood is used to assess blood and
potential blood donors to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A
positive ELISA test combined with various signs and symptoms helps to
diagnose acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
45. D. Tachypnea (an abnormally rapid rate of breathing) would indicate that
the patient was still hypoxic (deficient in oxygen).The partial pressures
of arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide listed are within the normal range.
Eupnea refers to normal respiration.
46. D. Studies have shown that showering with an antiseptic soap before
surgery is the most effective method of removing microorganisms from
the skin. Shaving the site of the intended surgery might cause breaks in
the skin, thereby increasing the risk of infection; however, if indicated,
shaving, should be done immediately before surgery, not the day before.

A topical antiseptic would not remove microorganisms and would be
beneficial only after proper cleaning and rinsing. Tub bathing might
transfer organisms to another body site rather than rinse them away.
47. C. The leg muscles are the strongest muscles in the body and should
bear the greatest stress when lifting. Muscles of the abdomen, back, and
upper arms may be easily injured.
48. C. The factors, known as Virchow’s triad, collectively predispose a patient
to thromboplebitis; impaired venous return to the heart, blood
hypercoagulability, and injury to a blood vessel wall. Increased partial
thromboplastin time indicates a prolonged bleeding time during fibrin clot
formation, commonly the result of anticoagulant (heparin) therapy.
Arterial blood disorders (such as pulsus paradoxus) and lung diseases
(such as COPD) do not necessarily impede venous return of injure vessel
walls.
49. A. Because of restricted respiratory movement, a recumbent, immobilize
patient is at particular risk for respiratory acidosis from poor gas
exchange; atelectasis from reduced surfactant and accumulated mucus
in the bronchioles, and hypostatic pneumonia from bacterial growth
caused by stasis of mucus secretions.
50. B. The immobilized patient commonly suffers from urine retention caused
by decreased muscle tone in the perineum. This leads to bladder
distention and urine stagnation, which provide an excellent medium for
bacterial growth leading to infection. Immobility also results in more
alkaline urine with excessive amounts of calcium, sodium and
phosphate, a gradual decrease in urine production, and an increased
specific gravity.

PRACTICE TEST II
Maternal and Child Health

MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
1. For the client who is using oral contraceptives, the nurse informs the
client about the need to take the pill at the same time each day to
accomplish which of the following?
a. Decrease the incidence of nausea
b. Maintain hormonal levels
c. Reduce side effects
d. Prevent drug interactions
2. When teaching a client about contraception. Which of the following
would the nurse include as the most effective method for preventing
sexually transmitted infections?
a. Spermicides
b. Diaphragm
c. Condoms
d. Vasectomy
3. When preparing a woman who is 2 days postpartum for discharge,
recommendations for which of the following contraceptive methods
would be avoided?
a. Diaphragm
b. Female condom
c. Oral contraceptives
d. Rhythm method
4. For which of the following clients would the nurse expect that
an intrauterine device would not be recommended?
a. Woman over age 35
b. Nulliparous woman
c. Promiscuous young adult
d. Postpartum client
5. A client in her third trimester tells the nurse, “I’m constipated all the
time!” Which of the following should the nurse recommend?
a. Daily enemas
b. Laxatives
c. Increased fiber intake
d. Decreased fluid intake
6. Which of the following would the nurse use as the basis for the
teaching plan when caring for a pregnant teenager concerned about
gaining too much weight during pregnancy?
a. 10 pounds per trimester
b. 1 pound per week for 40 weeks
c. ½ pound per week for 40 weeks
d. A total gain of 25 to 30 pounds
7. The client tells the nurse that her last menstrual period started on
January 14 and ended on January 20. Using Nagele’s rule, the nurse
determines her EDD to be which of the following?
a. September 27

b. October 21
c. November 7
d. December 27
8. When taking an obstetrical history on a pregnant client who states, “I
had a son born at 38 weeks gestation, a daughter born at 30 weeks
gestation and I lost a baby at about 8 weeks,” the nurse should record
her obstetrical history as which of the following?
a. G2 T2 P0 A0 L2
b. G3 T1 P1 A0 L2
c. G3 T2 P0 A0 L2
d. G4 T1 P1 A1 L2
9. When preparing to listen to the fetal heart rate at 12 weeks’ gestation,
the nurse would use which of the following?
a. Stethoscope placed midline at the umbilicus
b. Doppler placed midline at the suprapubic region
c. Fetoscope placed midway between the umbilicus and the
xiphoid process
d. External electronic fetal monitor placed at the umbilicus
10. When developing a plan of care for a client newly diagnosed with
gestational diabetes, which of the following instructions would be the
priority?
a. Dietary intake
b. Medication
c. Exercise
d. Glucose monitoring
11.A A client at 24 weeks gestation has gained 6 pounds in 4 weeks. Which
of the following would be the priority when assessing the client?
a. Glucosuria
b. Depression
c. Hand/face edema
d. Dietary intake
12.A A client 12 weeks’ pregnant come to the emergency department
with abdominal cramping and moderate vaginal bleeding. Speculum
examination reveals 2 to 3 cms cervical dilation. The nurse would
document these findings as which of the following?
a. Threatened abortion
b. Imminent abortion
c. Complete abortion
d. Missed abortion
13. Which of the following would be the priority nursing diagnosis for a
client with an ectopic pregnancy?
a. Risk for infection
b. Pain
c. Knowledge Deficit
d. Anticipatory Grieving

14. Before assessing the postpartum client’s uterus for firmness and
position in relation to the umbilicus and midline, which of the following
should the nurse do first?
a. Assess the vital signs
b. Administer analgesia
c. Ambulate her in the hall
d. Assist her to urinate
15. Which of the following should the nurse do when a primipara who
is lactating tells the nurse that she has sore nipples?
a. Tell her to breast feed more frequently
b. Administer a narcotic before breast feeding
c. Encourage her to wear a nursing brassiere
d. Use soap and water to clean the nipples
16. The nurse assesses the vital signs of a client, 4 hours’ postpartum that
are as follows: BP 90/60; temperature 100.4ºF; pulse 100 weak, thready;
R 20 per minute. Which of the following should the nurse do first?
a. Report the temperature to the physician
b. Recheck the blood pressure with another cuff
c. Assess the uterus for firmness and position
d. Determine the amount of lochia
17. The nurse assesses the postpartum vaginal discharge (lochia) on four
clients. Which of the following assessments would warrant notification
of the physician?
a. A dark red discharge on a 2-day postpartum client
b. A pink to brownish discharge on a client who is 5 days postpartum
c. Almost colorless to creamy discharge on a client 2 weeks
after delivery
d. A bright red discharge 5 days after delivery
18.A A postpartum client has a temperature of 101.4ºF, with a uterus that is
tender when palpated, remains unusually large, and not descending as
normally expected. Which of the following should the nurse assess
next?
a. Lochia
b. Breasts
c. Incision
d. Urine
19. Which of the following is the priority focus of nursing practice with
the current early postpartum discharge?
a. Promoting comfort and restoration of health
b. Exploring the emotional status of the family
c. Facilitating safe and effective self-and newborn care
d. Teaching about the importance of family planning
20. Which of the following actions would be least effective in maintaining
a neutral thermal environment for the newborn?
a. Placing infant under radiant warmer after bathing
b. Covering the scale with a warmed blanket prior to weighing
c. Placing crib close to nursery window for family viewing

d. Covering the infant’s head with a knit stockinette
21.A A newborn who has an asymmetrical Moro reflex response should
be further assessed for which of the following?
a. Talipes equinovarus
b. Fractured clavicle
c. Congenital hypothyroidism
d. Increased intracranial pressure
22. During the first 4 hours after a male circumcision, assessing for which
of the following is the priority?
a. Infection
b. Hemorrhage
c. Discomfort
d. Dehydration
23. The mother asks the nurse. “What’s wrong with my son’s breasts? Why
are they so enlarged?” Whish of the following would be the best
response by the nurse?
a. “The breast tissue is inflamed from the trauma experienced
with birth”
b. “A decrease in material hormones present before birth
causes enlargement,”
c. “You should discuss this with your doctor. It could be a malignancy”
d. “The tissue has hypertrophied while the baby was in the uterus”
24. Immediately after birth the nurse notes the following on a male newborn:
respirations 78; apical hearth rate 160 BPM, nostril flaring; mild
intercostal retractions; and grunting at the end of expiration. Which of the
following should the nurse do?
a. Call the assessment data to the physician’s attention
b. Start oxygen per nasal cannula at 2 L/min.
c. Suction the infant’s mouth and nares
d. Recognize this as normal first period of reactivity
25. The nurse hears a mother telling a friend on the telephone about
umbilical cord care. Which of the following statements by the mother
indicates effective teaching?
a. “Daily soap and water cleansing is best”
b. ‘Alcohol helps it dry and kills germs”
c. “An antibiotic ointment applied daily prevents infection”
d. “He can have a tub bath each day”
26.A A newborn weighing 3000 grams and feeding every 4 hours needs 120
calories/kg of body weight every 24 hours for proper growth and
development. How many ounces of 20 cal/oz formula should this
newborn receive at each feeding to meet nutritional needs?
a. 2 ounces
b. 3 ounces
c. 4 ounces
d. 6 ounces

27. The postterm neonate with meconium-stained amniotic fluid needs
care designed to especially monitor for which of the following?
a. Respiratory problems
b. Gastrointestinal problems
c. Integumentary problems
d. Elimination problems
28. When measuring a client’s fundal height, which of the following
techniques denotes the correct method of measurement used by the
nurse?
a. From the xiphoid process to the umbilicus
b. From the symphysis pubis to the xiphoid process
c. From the symphysis pubis to the fundus
d. From the fundus to the umbilicus
29.A A client with severe preeclampsia is admitted with of BP 160/110,
proteinuria, and severe pitting edema. Which of the following would
be most important to include in the client’s plan of care?
a. Daily weights
b. Seizure precautions
c. Right lateral positioning
d. Stress reduction
30.A A postpartum primipara asks the nurse, “When can we have
sexual intercourse again?” Which of the following would be the
nurse’s best response?
a. “Anytime you both want to.”
b. “As soon as choose a contraceptive method.”
c. “When the discharge has stopped and the incision is healed.”
d. “After your 6 weeks examination.”
31. When preparing to administer the vitamin K injection to a neonate,
the nurse would select which of the following sites as appropriate for
the injection?
a. Deltoid muscle
b. Anterior femoris muscle
c. Vastus lateralis muscle
d. Gluteus maximus muscle
32. When performing a pelvic examination, the nurse observes a red
swollen area on the right side of the vaginal orifice. The nurse would
document this as enlargement of which of the following?
a. Clitoris
b. Parotid gland
c. Skene’s gland
d. Bartholin’s gland
33. To differentiate as a female, the hormonal stimulation of the embryo
that must occur involves which of the following?
a. Increase in maternal estrogen secretion
b. Decrease in maternal androgen secretion
c. Secretion of androgen by the fetal gonad
d. Secretion of estrogen by the fetal gonad

34.A A client at 8 weeks’ gestation calls complaining of slight nausea in the
morning hours. Which of the following client interventions should the
nurse question?
a. Taking 1 teaspoon of bicarbonate of soda in an 8-ounce glass
of water
b. Eating a few low-sodium crackers before getting out of bed
c. Avoiding the intake of liquids in the morning hours
d. Eating six small meals a day instead of thee large meals
35. The nurse documents positive ballottement in the client’s prenatal
record. The nurse understands that this indicates which of the following?
a. Palpable contractions on the abdomen
b. Passive movement of the unengaged fetus
c. Fetal kicking felt by the client
d. Enlargement and softening of the uterus
36. During a pelvic exam the nurse notes a purple-blue tinge of the
cervix. The nurse documents this as which of the following?
a. Braxton-Hicks sign
b. Chadwick’s sign
c. Goodell’s sign
d. McDonald’s sign
37. During a prenatal class, the nurse explains the rationale for breathing
techniques during preparation for labor based on the understanding
that breathing techniques are most important in achieving which of the
following?
a. Eliminate pain and give the expectant parents something to do
b. Reduce the risk of fetal distress by increasing
uteroplacental perfusion
c. Facilitate relaxation, possibly reducing the perception of pain
d. Eliminate pain so that less analgesia and anesthesia are needed
38. After 4 hours of active labor, the nurse notes that the contractions of a
primigravida client are not strong enough to dilate the cervix. Which of
the following would the nurse anticipate doing?
a. Obtaining an order to begin IV oxytocin infusion
b. Administering a light sedative to allow the patient to rest for
several hour
c. Preparing for a cesarean section for failure to progress
d. Increasing the encouragement to the patient when pushing begins
39.A A multigravida at 38 weeks’ gestation is admitted with painless, bright
red bleeding and mild contractions every 7 to 10 minutes. Which of the
following assessments should be avoided?
a. Maternal vital sign
b. Fetal heart rate
c. Contraction monitoring
d. Cervical dilation

40. Which of the following would be the nurse’s most appropriate response
to a client who asks why she must have a cesarean delivery if she has a
complete placenta previa?
a. “You will have to ask your physician when he returns.”
b. “You need a cesarean to prevent hemorrhage.”
c. “The placenta is covering most of your cervix.”
d. “The placenta is covering the opening of the uterus and
blocking your baby.”
41. The nurse understands that the fetal head is in which of the
following positions with a face presentation?
a. Completely flexed
b. Completely extended
c. Partially extended
d. Partially flexed
42. With a fetus in the left-anterior breech presentation, the nurse would
expect the fetal heart rate would be most audible in which of the
following areas?
a. Above the maternal umbilicus and to the right of midline
b. In the lower-left maternal abdominal quadrant
c. In the lower-right maternal abdominal quadrant
d. Above the maternal umbilicus and to the left of midline
43. The amniotic fluid of a client has a greenish tint. The nurse interprets
this to be the result of which of the following?
a. Lanugo
b. Hydramnio
c. Meconium
d. Vernix
44.A A patient is in labor and has just been told she has a breech
presentation. The nurse should be particularly alert for which of the
following?
a. Quickening
b. Ophthalmia neonatorum
c. Pica
d. Prolapsed umbilical cord
45. When describing dizygotic twins to a couple, on which of the
following would the nurse base the explanation?
a. Two ova fertilized by separate sperm
b. Sharing of a common placenta
c. Each ova with the same genotype
d. Sharing of a common chorion
46. Which of the following refers to the single cell that reproduces itself
after conception?
a. Chromosome
b. Blastocyst
c. Zygote
d. Trophoblast

47. In the late 1950s, consumers and health care professionals began
challenging the routine use of analgesics and anesthetics during
childbirth. Which of the following was an outgrowth of this concept?
a. Labor, delivery, recovery, postpartum (LDRP)
b. Nurse-midwifery
c. Clinical nurse specialist
d. Prepared childbirth
48.A A client has a midpelvic contracture from a previous pelvic injury due
to a motor vehicle accident as a teenager. The nurse is aware that this
could prevent a fetus from passing through or around which structure
during childbirth?
a. Symphysis pubis
b. Sacral promontory
c. Ischial spines
d. Pubic arch
49. When teaching a group of adolescents about variations in the length of
the menstrual cycle, the nurse understands that the underlying
mechanism is due to variations in which of the following phases?
a. Menstrual phase
b. Proliferative phase
c. Secretory phase
d. Ischemic phase
50. When teaching a group of adolescents about male hormone production,
which of the following would the nurse include as being produced by
the Leydig cells?
a. Follicle-stimulating hormone
b. Testosterone
c. Leuteinizing hormone
d. Gonadotropin releasing hormone

ANSWERS AND RATIONALE – MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
1. B. Regular timely ingestion of oral contraceptives is necessary to

maintain hormonal levels of the drugs to suppress the action of the
hypothalamus and anterior pituitary leading to inappropriate secretion of
FSH and LH. Therefore, follicles do not mature, ovulation is inhibited, and
pregnancy is prevented. The estrogen content of the oral site
contraceptive may cause the nausea, regardless of when the pill is taken.
Side effects and drug interactions may occur with oral contraceptives
regardless of the time the pill is taken.
2. C. Condoms, when used correctly and consistently, are the most effective
contraceptive method or barrier against bacterial and viral sexually
transmitted infections. Although spermicides kill sperm, they do not
provide reliable protection against the spread of sexually transmitted
infections, especially intracellular organisms such as HIV. Insertion and
removal of the diaphragm along with the use of the spermicides may
cause vaginal irritations, which could place the client at risk for infection
transmission. Male sterilization eliminates spermatozoa from the
ejaculate, but it does not eliminate bacterial and/or viral microorganisms
that can cause sexually transmitted infections.
3. A. The diaphragm must be fitted individually to ensure effectiveness.
Because of the changes to the reproductive structures during pregnancy
and following delivery, the diaphragm must be refitted, usually at the 6
weeks’ examination following childbirth or after a weight loss of 15 lbs or
more. In addition, for maximum effectiveness, spermicidal jelly should be
placed in the dome and around the rim. However, spermicidal jelly should
not be inserted into the vagina until involution is completed at
approximately 6 weeks. Use of a female condom protects the
reproductive system from the introduction of semen or spermicides into
the vagina and may be used after childbirth. Oral contraceptives may be
started within the first postpartum week to ensure suppression of
ovulation. For the couple who has determined the female’s fertile period,
using the rhythm method, avoidance of intercourse during this period, is
safe and effective.
4. C. An IUD may increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, especially
in women with more than one sexual partner, because of the increased
risk of sexually transmitted infections. An UID should not be used if the
woman has an active or chronic pelvic infection, postpartum infection,
endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma, or uterine abnormalities. Age is not
a factor in determining the risks associated with IUD use. Most IUD users
are over the age of 30. Although there is a slightly higher risk for infertility
in women who have never been pregnant, the IUD is an acceptable option
as long as the risk-benefit ratio is discussed. IUDs may be inserted
immediately after delivery, but this is not recommended because of the
increased risk and rate of expulsion at this time.

5. C. During the third trimester, the enlarging uterus places pressure on the
intestines. This coupled with the effect of hormones on smooth muscle
relaxation causes decreased intestinal motility (peristalsis). Increasing
fiber in the diet will help fecal matter pass more quickly through the
intestinal tract, thus decreasing the amount of water that is absorbed. As
a result, stool is softer and easier to pass. Enemas could precipitate
preterm labor and/or electrolyte loss and should be avoided. Laxatives
may cause preterm labor by stimulating peristalsis and may interfere with
the absorption of nutrients. Use for more than 1 week can also lead to
laxative dependency. Liquid in the diet helps provide a semisolid, soft
consistency to the stool. Eight to ten glasses of fluid per day are essential
to maintain hydration and promote stool evacuation.
6. D. To ensure adequate fetal growth and development during the 40 weeks
of a pregnancy, a total weight gain 25 to 30 pounds is recommended: 1.5
pounds in the first 10 weeks; 9 pounds by 30 weeks; and 27.5 pounds by
40 weeks. The pregnant woman should gain less weight in the first and
second trimester than in the third. During the first trimester, the client
should only gain 1.5 pounds in the first 10 weeks, not 1 pound per week.
A weight gain of ½ pound per week would be 20 pounds for the total
pregnancy, less than the recommended amount.
7. B. To calculate the EDD by Nagele’s rule, add 7 days to the first day of
the last menstrual period and count back 3 months, changing the year
appropriately. To obtain a date of September 27, 7 days have been added
to the last day of the LMP (rather than the first day of the LMP), plus 4
months (instead of 3 months) were counted back. To obtain the date of
November 7, 7 days have been subtracted (instead of added) from the
first day of LMP plus November indicates counting back 2 months (instead
of 3 months) from January. To obtain the date of December 27, 7 days
were added to the last day of the LMP (rather than the first day of the
LMP) and December indicates counting back only 1 month (instead of 3
months) from January.
8. D. The client has been pregnant four times, including current
pregnancy (G). Birth at 38 weeks’ gestation is considered full term (T),
while birth form 20 weeks to 38 weeks is considered preterm (P). A
spontaneous abortion occurred at 8 weeks (A). She has two living
children (L).
9. B. At 12 weeks gestation, the uterus rises out of the pelvis and is
palpable above the symphysis pubis. The Doppler intensifies the sound of
the fetal pulse rate so it is audible. The uterus has merely risen out of the
pelvis into the abdominal cavity and is not at the level of the umbilicus.
The fetal heart rate at this age is not audible with a stethoscope. The
uterus at 12 weeks is just above the symphysis pubis in the abdominal
cavity, not midway between the umbilicus and the xiphoid process. At 12
weeks the FHR would be difficult to auscultate with a fetoscope. Although
the external electronic fetal monitor would project the FHR, the uterus has
not risen to the umbilicus at 12 weeks.

10. A. Although all of the choices are important in the management of
diabetes, diet therapy is the mainstay of the treatment plan and should
always be the priority. Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes
generally need only diet therapy without medication to control their blood
sugar levels. Exercise, is important for all pregnant women and
especially for diabetic women, because it burns up glucose, thus
decreasing blood sugar. However, dietary intake, not exercise, is the
priority. All pregnant women with diabetes should have periodic
monitoring of serum glucose. However, those with gestational diabetes
generally do not need daily glucose monitoring. The standard of care
recommends a fasting and 2- hour postprandial blood sugar level every 2
weeks.
11. C. After 20 weeks’ gestation, when there is a rapid weight gain,
preeclampsia should be suspected, which may be caused by fluid
retention manifested by edema, especially of the hands and face. The
three classic signs of preeclampsia are hypertension, edema, and
proteinuria. Although urine is checked for glucose at each clinic visit, this
is not the priority. Depression may cause either anorexia or excessive
food intake, leading to excessive weight gain or loss. This is not, however,
the priority consideration at this time. Weight gain thought to be caused
by excessive food intake would require a 24-hour diet recall. However,
excessive intake would not be the primary consideration for this client at
this time.
12. B. Cramping and vaginal bleeding coupled with cervical dilation signifies
that termination of the pregnancy is inevitable and cannot be prevented.
Thus, the nurse would document an imminent abortion. In a threatened
abortion, cramping and vaginal bleeding are present, but there is no
cervical dilation. The symptoms may subside or progress to abortion. In
a complete abortion all the products of conception are expelled. A
missed abortion is early fetal intrauterine death without expulsion of the
products of conception.
13. B. For the client with an ectopic pregnancy, lower abdominal pain, usually
unilateral, is the primary symptom. Thus, pain is the priority. Although the
potential for infection is always present, the risk is low in ectopic
pregnancy because pathogenic microorganisms have not been
introduced from external sources. The client may have a limited
knowledge of the pathology and treatment of the condition and will most
likely experience grieving, but this is not the priority at this time.
14. D. Before uterine assessment is performed, it is essential that the woman
empty her bladder. A full bladder will interfere with the accuracy of the
assessment by elevating the uterus and displacing to the side of the
midline. Vital sign assessment is not necessary unless an abnormality in
uterine assessment is identified. Uterine assessment should not cause
acute pain that requires administration of analgesia. Ambulating the
client is an essential component of postpartum care, but is not necessary
prior to assessment of the uterus.

15. A. Feeding more frequently, about every 2 hours, will decrease the
infant’s frantic, vigorous sucking from hunger and will decrease breast
engorgement, soften the breast, and promote ease of correct latching-on
for feeding. Narcotics administered prior to breast feeding are passed
through the breast milk to the infant, causing excessive sleepiness. Nipple
soreness is not severe enough to warrant narcotic analgesia. All
postpartum clients, especially lactating mothers, should wear a supportive
brassiere with wide cotton straps. This does not, however, prevent or
reduce nipple soreness. Soaps are drying to the skin of the nipples and
should not be used on the breasts of lactating mothers. Dry nipple skin
predisposes to cracks and fissures, which can become sore and painful.
16. D. A weak, thready pulse elevated to 100 BPM may indicate impending
hemorrhagic shock. An increased pulse is a compensatory mechanism of
the body in response to decreased fluid volume. Thus, the nurse should
check the amount of lochia present. Temperatures up to 100.48F in the
first 24 hours after birth are related to the dehydrating effects of labor and
are considered normal. Although rechecking the blood pressure may be
a correct choice of action, it is not the first action that should be
implemented in light of the other data. The data indicate a potential
impending hemorrhage. Assessing the uterus for firmness and position in
relation to the umbilicus and midline is important, but the nurse should
check the extent of vaginal bleeding first. Then it would be appropriate to
check the uterus, which may be a possible cause of the hemorrhage.
17. D. Any bright red vaginal discharge would be considered abnormal, but
especially 5 days after delivery, when the lochia is typically pink to
brownish. Lochia rubra, a dark red discharge, is present for 2 to 3 days
after delivery. Bright red vaginal bleeding at this time suggests late
postpartum hemorrhage, which occurs after the first 24 hours following
delivery and is generally caused by retained placental fragments or
bleeding disorders. Lochia rubra is the normal dark red discharge
occurring in the first 2 to 3 days after delivery, containing epithelial cells,
erythrocyes, leukocytes and decidua. Lochia serosa is a pink to brownish
serosanguineous discharge occurring from 3 to 10 days after delivery that
contains decidua, erythrocytes, leukocytes, cervical mucus, and
microorganisms. Lochia alba is an almost colorless to yellowish discharge
occurring from 10 days to 3 weeks after delivery and containing
leukocytes, decidua, epithelial cells, fat, cervical mucus, cholesterol
crystals, and bacteria.
18. A. The data suggests an infection of the endometrial lining of the uterus.
The lochia may be decreased or copious, dark brown in appearance, and
foul smelling, providing further evidence of a possible infection. All the
client’s data indicate a uterine problem, not a breast problem. Typically,
transient fever, usually 101ºF, may be present with breast engorgement.
Symptoms of mastitis include influenza-like manifestations. Localized
infection of an episiotomy or C-section incision rarely causes systemic
symptoms, and uterine involution would not be affected. The client data
do

not include dysuria, frequency, or urgency, symptoms of urinary tract
infections, which would necessitate assessing the client’s urine.
19. C. Because of early postpartum discharge and limited time for teaching,
the nurse’s priority is to facilitate the safe and effective care of the client
and newborn. Although promoting comfort and restoration of health,
exploring the family’s emotional status, and teaching about family
planning are important in postpartum/newborn nursing care, they are not
the priority focus in the limited time presented by early post-partum
discharge.
20. C. Heat loss by radiation occurs when the infant’s crib is placed too near
cold walls or windows. Thus placing the newborn’s crib close to the
viewing window would be least effective. Body heat is lost through
evaporation during bathing. Placing the infant under the radiant warmer
after bathing will assist the infant to be rewarmed. Covering the scale with
a warmed blanket prior to weighing prevents heat loss through
conduction. A knit cap prevents heat loss from the head a large head, a
large body surface area of the newborn’s body.
21. B. A fractured clavicle would prevent the normal Moro response of
symmetrical sequential extension and abduction of the arms followed by
flexion and adduction. In talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) the foot is
turned medially, and in plantar flexion, with the heel elevated. The feet
are not involved with the Moro reflex. Hypothyroiddism has no effect on
the primitive reflexes. Absence of the Moror reflex is the most significant
single indicator of central nervous system status, but it is not a sign of
increased intracranial pressure.
22. B. Hemorrhage is a potential risk following any surgical procedure.
Although the infant has been given vitamin K to facilitate clotting, the
prophylactic dose is often not sufficient to prevent bleeding. Although
infection is a possibility, signs will not appear within 4 hours after the
surgical procedure. The primary discomfort of circumcision occurs during
the surgical procedure, not afterward. Although feedings are withheld
prior to the circumcision, the chances of dehydration are minimal.
23. B. The presence of excessive estrogen and progesterone in the
maternal- fetal blood followed by prompt withdrawal at birth precipitates
breast engorgement, which will spontaneously resolve in 4 to 5 days after
birth. The trauma of the birth process does not cause inflammation of the
newborn’s breast tissue. Newborns do not have breast malignancy. This
reply by the nurse would cause the mother to have undue anxiety. Breast
tissue does not hypertrophy in the fetus or newborns.
24. D. The first 15 minutes to 1 hour after birth is the first period of reactivity
involving respiratory and circulatory adaptation to extrauterine life. The
data given reflect the normal changes during this time period. The infant’s
assessment data reflect normal adaptation. Thus, the physician does not
need to be notified and oxygen is not needed. The data do not indicate
the presence of choking, gagging or coughing, which are signs of
excessive secretions. Suctioning is not necessary.

25. B. Application of 70% isopropyl alcohol to the cord minimizes
microorganisms (germicidal) and promotes drying. The cord should be
kept dry until it falls off and the stump has healed. Antibiotic ointment
should only be used to treat an infection, not as a prophylaxis. Infants
should not be submerged in a tub of water until the cord falls off and
the stump has completely healed.
26. B. To determine the amount of formula needed, do the following
mathematical calculation. 3 kg x 120 cal/kg per day = 360 calories/day
feeding q 4 hours = 6 feedings per day = 60 calories per feeding: 60
calories per feeding; 60 calories per feeding with formula 20 cal/oz = 3
ounces per feeding. Based on the calculation. 2, 4 or 6 ounces are
incorrect.
27. A. Intrauterine anoxia may cause relaxation of the anal sphincter and
emptying of meconium into the amniotic fluid. At birth some of the
meconium fluid may be aspirated, causing mechanical obstruction or
chemical pneumonitis. The infant is not at increased risk for
gastrointestinal problems. Even though the skin is stained with
meconium, it is noninfectious (sterile) and nonirritating. The postterm
meconium- stained infant is not at additional risk for bowel or urinary
problems.
28. C. The nurse should use a nonelastic, flexible, paper measuring tape,
placing the zero point on the superior border of the symphysis pubis
and stretching the tape across the abdomen at the midline to the top of
the fundus. The xiphoid and umbilicus are not appropriate landmarks to
use when measuring the height of the fundus (McDonald’s
measurement).
29. B. Women hospitalized with severe preeclampsia need decreased CNS
stimulation to prevent a seizure. Seizure precautions provide
environmental safety should a seizure occur. Because of edema, daily
weight is important but not the priority. Preclampsia causes vasospasm
and therefore can reduce utero-placental perfusion. The client should be
placed on her left side to maximize blood flow, reduce blood pressure,
and promote diuresis. Interventions to reduce stress and anxiety are very
important to facilitate coping and a sense of control, but seizure
precautions are the priority.
30. C. Cessation of the lochial discharge signifies healing of the
endometrium. Risk of hemorrhage and infection are minimal 3 weeks after
a normal vaginal delivery. Telling the client anytime is inappropriate
because this response does not provide the client with the specific
information she is requesting. Choice of a contraceptive method is
important, but not the specific criteria for safe resumption of sexual
activity. Culturally, the 6- weeks’ examination has been used as the time
frame for resuming sexual activity, but it may be resumed earlier.
31. C. The middle third of the vastus lateralis is the preferred injection site for
vitamin K administration because it is free of blood vessels and nerves
and is large enough to absorb the medication. The deltoid muscle of a
newborn is not large enough for a newborn IM injection. Injections into
this muscle in a small child might cause damage to the radial nerve. The
anterior femoris muscle is the next safest muscle to use in a newborn but
is not the safest. Because of the proximity of the sciatic nerve, the
gluteus maximus muscle should not be until the child has been walking 2
years.
32. D. Bartholin’s glands are the glands on either side of the vaginal orifice.
The clitoris is female erectile tissue found in the perineal area above the
urethra. The parotid glands are open into the mouth. Skene’s glands
open into the posterior wall of the female urinary meatus.
33. D. The fetal gonad must secrete estrogen for the embryo to
differentiate as a female. An increase in maternal estrogen secretion
does not effect differentiation of the embryo, and maternal estrogen
secretion occurs in every pregnancy. Maternal androgen secretion
remains the same as before pregnancy and does not effect
differentiation. Secretion of androgen by the fetal gonad would produce
a male fetus.
34. A. Using bicarbonate would increase the amount of sodium ingested,
which can cause complications. Eating low-sodium crackers would be
appropriate. Since liquids can increase nausea avoiding them in the
morning hours when nausea is usually the strongest is appropriate.
Eating six small meals a day would keep the stomach full, which often
decrease nausea.
35. B. Ballottement indicates passive movement of the unengaged fetus.
Ballottement is not a contraction. Fetal kicking felt by the client
represents quickening. Enlargement and softening of the uterus is known
as Piskacek’s sign.
36. B. Chadwick’s sign refers to the purple-blue tinge of the cervix.
Braxton Hicks contractions are painless contractions beginning around
the 4th month. Goodell’s sign indicates softening of the cervix.
Flexibility of the uterus against the cervix is known as McDonald’s sign.
37. C. Breathing techniques can raise the pain threshold and reduce the
perception of pain. They also promote relaxation. Breathing techniques
do not eliminate pain, but they can reduce it. Positioning, not breathing,
increases uteroplacental perfusion.
38. A. The client’s labor is hypotonic. The nurse should call the physical and
obtain an order for an infusion of oxytocin, which will assist the uterus to
contact more forcefully in an attempt to dilate the cervix. Administering
light sedative would be done for hypertonic uterine contractions.
Preparing for cesarean section is unnecessary at this time. Oxytocin
would increase the uterine contractions and hopefully progress labor
before a cesarean would be necessary. It is too early to anticipate client
pushing with contractions.
39. D. The signs indicate placenta previa and vaginal exam to determine
cervical dilation would not be done because it could cause hemorrhage.
Assessing maternal vital signs can help determine maternal physiologic
status. Fetal heart rate is important to assess fetal well-being and
should be done. Monitoring the contractions will help evaluate the
progress of labor.

40. D. A complete placenta previa occurs when the placenta covers the
opening of the uterus, thus blocking the passageway for the baby. This
response explains what a complete previa is and the reason the baby
cannot come out except by cesarean delivery. Telling the client to ask
the physician is a poor response and would increase the patient’s
anxiety. Although a cesarean would help to prevent hemorrhage, the
statement does not explain why the hemorrhage could occur. With a
complete previa, the placenta is covering all the cervix, not just most of it.
41. B. With a face presentation, the head is completely extended. With a
vertex presentation, the head is completely or partially flexed. With a
brow (forehead) presentation, the head would be partially extended.
42. D. With this presentation, the fetal upper torso and back face the left
upper maternal abdominal wall. The fetal heart rate would be most audible
above the maternal umbilicus and to the left of the middle. The other
positions would be incorrect.
43. C. The greenish tint is due to the presence of meconium. Lanugo is the
soft, downy hair on the shoulders and back of the fetus. Hydramnios
represents excessive amniotic fluid. Vernix is the white, cheesy
substance covering the fetus.
44. D. In a breech position, because of the space between the presenting part
and the cervix, prolapse of the umbilical cord is common. Quickening is
the woman’s first perception of fetal movement. Ophthalmia neonatorum
usually results from maternal gonorrhea and is conjunctivitis. Pica refers
to the oral intake of nonfood substances.
45. A. Dizygotic (fraternal) twins involve two ova fertilized by separate sperm.
Monozygotic (identical) twins involve a common placenta, same
genotype, and common chorion.
46. C. The zygote is the single cell that reproduces itself after conception.
The chromosome is the material that makes up the cell and is gained from
each parent. Blastocyst and trophoblast are later terms for the embryo
after zygote.
47. D. Prepared childbirth was the direct result of the 1950’s challenging of
the routine use of analgesic and anesthetics during childbirth. The LDRP
was a much later concept and was not a direct result of the challenging of
routine use of analgesics and anesthetics during childbirth. Roles for
nurse midwives and clinical nurse specialists did not develop from this
challenge.
48. C. The ischial spines are located in the mid-pelvic region and could be
narrowed due to the previous pelvic injury. The symphysis pubis,
sacral promontory, and pubic arch are not part of the mid-pelvis.
49. B. Variations in the length of the menstrual cycle are due to variations in
the proliferative phase. The menstrual, secretory and ischemic phases
do not contribute to this variation.
50. B. Testosterone is produced by the Leyding cells in the
seminiferous tubules. Follicle-stimulating hormone and leuteinzing
hormone are

released by the anterior pituitary gland. The hypothalamus is responsible
for releasing gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
1. Marco who was diagnosed with brain tumor was scheduled for craniotomy.
In preventing the development of cerebral edema after surgery, the nurse
should expect the use of:
a. Diuretics
b. Antihypertensive
c. Steroids
d. Anticonvulsants
2. Halfway through the administration of blood, the female client complains
of lumbar pain. After stopping the infusion Nurse Hazel should:
a. Increase the flow of normal saline
b. Assess the pain further
c. Notify the blood bank
d. Obtain vital signs.
3. Nurse Maureen knows that the positive diagnosis for HIV infection is made
based on which of the following:
a. A history of high risk sexual behaviors.
b. Positive ELISA and western blot tests
c. Identification of an associated opportunistic infection
d. Evidence of extreme weight loss and high fever
4. Nurse Maureen is aware that a client who has been diagnosed with
chronic renal failure recognizes an adequate amount of high-biologic-value
protein when the food the client selected from the menu was:
a. Raw carrots
b. Apple juice
c. Whole wheat bread
d. Cottage cheese
5. Kenneth who has diagnosed with uremic syndrome has the potential to
develop complications. Which among the following complications should
the nurse anticipates:
a. Flapping hand tremors
b. An elevated hematocrit level
c. Hypotension
d. Hypokalemia
6. A client is admitted to the hospital with benign prostatic hyperplasia, the
nurse most relevant assessment would be:
a. Flank pain radiating in the groin
b. Distention of the lower abdomen
c. Perineal edema
d. Urethral discharge
7. A client has undergone with penile implant. After 24 hrs of surgery, the
client’s scrotum was edematous and painful. The nurse should:
a. Assist the client with sitz bath
b. Apply war soaks in the scrotum
c. Elevate the scrotum using a soft support

d. Prepare for a possible incision and drainage.
8. Nurse hazel receives emergency laboratory results for a client with chest
pain and immediately informs the physician. An increased myoglobin level
suggests which of the following?
a. Liver disease
b. Myocardial damage
c. Hypertension
d. Cancer
9. Nurse Maureen would expect the a client with mitral stenosis
would demonstrate symptoms associated with congestion in the:
a. Right atrium
b. Superior vena cava
c. Aorta
d. Pulmonary
10. A client has been diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse priority
nursing diagnosis would be:
a. Ineffective health maintenance
b. Impaired skin integrity
c. Deficient fluid volume
d. Pain
11. Nurse Hazel teaches the client with angina about common expected
side effects of nitroglycerin including:
a. high blood pressure
b. stomach cramps
c. headache
d. shortness of breath
12. The following are lipid abnormalities. Which of the following is a risk factor
for the development of atherosclerosis and PVD?
a. High levels of low density lipid (LDL) cholesterol
b. High levels of high density lipid (HDL) cholesterol
c. Low concentration triglycerides
d. Low levels of LDL cholesterol.
13. Which of the following represents a significant risk immediately after
surgery for repair of aortic aneurysm?
a. Potential wound infection
b. Potential ineffective coping
c. Potential electrolyte balance
d. Potential alteration in renal perfusion
14. Nurse Josie should instruct the client to eat which of the following foods
to obtain the best supply of Vitamin B12?
a. dairy products
b. vegetables
c. Grains
d. Broccoli
15. Karen has been diagnosed with aplastic anemia. The nurse monitors
for changes in which of the following physiologic functions?

a. Bowel function
b. Peripheral sensation
c. Bleeding tendencies
d. Intake and out put
16. Lydia is scheduled for elective splenectomy. Before the clients goes
to surgery, the nurse in charge final assessment would be:
a. signed consent
b. vital signs
c. name band
d. empty bladder
17. What is the peak age range in acquiring acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?
a. 4 to 12 years.
b. 20 to 30 years
c. 40 to 50 years
d. 60 60 70 years
18. Marie with acute lymphocytic leukemia suffers from nausea and headache.
These clinical manifestations may indicate all of the following except
a. effects of radiation
b. chemotherapy side effects
c. meningeal irritation
d. gastric distension
19. A client has been diagnosed with Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation (DIC). Which of the following is contraindicated with the
client?
a. Administering Heparin
b. Administering Coumadin
c. Treating the underlying cause
d. Replacing depleted blood products
20. Which of the following findings is the best indication that fluid replacement
for the client with hypovolemic shock is adequate?
a. Urine output greater than 30ml/hr
b. Respiratory rate of 21 breaths/minute
c. Diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmhg
d. Systolic blood pressure greater than 110 mmhg
21. Which of the following signs and symptoms would Nurse Maureen include
in teaching plan as an early manifestation of laryngeal cancer?
a. Stomatitis
b. Airway obstruction
c. Hoarseness
d. Dysphagia
22. Karina a client with myasthenia gravis is to receive immunosuppressive
therapy. The nurse understands that this therapy is effective because
it:
a. Promotes the removal of antibodies that impair the transmission
of impulses
b. Stimulates the production of acetylcholine at the
neuromuscular junction.

c. Decreases the production of autoantibodies that attack
the acetylcholine receptors.
d. Inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.
23. A female client is receiving IV Mannitol. An assessment specific to
safe administration of the said drug is:
a. Vital signs q4h
b. Weighing daily
c. Urine output hourly
d. Level of consciousness q4h
24. Patricia a 20 year old college student with diabetes mellitus requests
additional information about the advantages of using a pen like insulin
delivery devices. The nurse explains that the advantages of these
devices over syringes includes:
a. Accurate dose delivery
b. Shorter injection time
c. Lower cost with reusable insulin cartridges
d. Use of smaller gauge needle.
25. A male client’s left tibia is fractures in an automobile accident, and a cast is
applied. To assess for damage to major blood vessels from the fracture
tibia, the nurse in charge should monitor the client for:
a. Swelling of the left thigh
b. Increased skin temperature of the foot
c. Prolonged reperfusion of the toes after blanching
d. Increased blood pressure
26. After a long leg cast is removed, the male client should:
a. Cleanse the leg by scrubbing with a brisk motion
b. Put leg through full range of motion twice daily
c. Report any discomfort or stiffness to the physician
d. Elevate the leg when sitting for long periods of time.
27. While performing a physical assessment of a male client with gout of the
great toe, NurseVivian should assess for additional tophi (urate deposits)
on the:
a. Buttocks
b. Ears
c. Face
d. Abdomen
28. Nurse Katrina would recognize that the demonstration of crutch walking
with tripod gait was understood when the client places weight on the:
a. Palms of the hands and axillary regions
b. Palms of the hand
c. Axillary regions
d. Feet, which are set apart
29. Mang Jose with rheumatoid arthritis states, “the only time I am without pain
is when I lie in bed perfectly still”. During the convalescent stage, the nurse in
charge with Mang Jose should encourage:
a. Active joint flexion and extension

b. Continued immobility until pain subsides
c. Range of motion exercises twice daily
d. Flexion exercises three times daily
30. A male client has undergone spinal surgery, the nurse should:
a. Observe the client’s bowel movement and voiding patterns
b. Log-roll the client to prone position
c. Assess the client’s feet for sensation and circulation
d. Encourage client to drink plenty of fluids
31. Marina with acute renal failure moves into the diuretic phase after one
week of therapy. During this phase the client must be assessed for signs of
developing:
a. Hypovolemia
b. renal failure
c. metabolic acidosis
d. hyperkalemia
32. Nurse Judith obtains a specimen of clear nasal drainage from a client with
a head injury. Which of the following tests differentiates mucus from
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
a. Protein
b. Specific gravity
c. Glucose
d. Microorganism
33. A 22 year old client suffered from his first tonic-clonic seizure. Upon
awakening the client asks the nurse, “What caused me to have a seizure?
Which of the following would the nurse include in the primary cause of
tonic clonic seizures in adults more the 20 years?
a. Electrolyte imbalance
b. Head trauma
c. Epilepsy
d. Congenital defect
34. What is the priority nursing assessment in the first 24 hours after admission
of the client with thrombotic CVA?
a. Pupil size and papillary response
b. cholesterol level
c. Echocardiogram
d. Bowel sounds
35. Nurse Linda is preparing a client with multiple sclerosis for discharge from
the hospital to home. Which of the following instruction is most appropriate?
a. “Practice using the mechanical aids that you will need when
future disabilities arise”.
b. “Follow good health habits to change the course of the disease”.
c. “Keep active, use stress reduction strategies, and avoid fatigue.
d. “You will need to accept the necessity for a quiet and inactive lifestyle”.
36. The nurse is aware the early indicator of hypoxia in the unconscious client is:
a. Cyanosis
b. Increased respirations

c. Hypertension
d. Restlessness
37. A client is experiencing spinal shock. Nurse Myrna should expect the function
of the bladder to be which of the following?
a. Normal
b. Atonic
c. Spastic
d. Uncontrolled
38. Which of the following stage the carcinogen is irreversible?
a. Progression stage
b. Initiation stage
c. Regression stage
d. Promotion stage
39. Among the following components thorough pain assessment, which is
the most significant?
a. Effect
b. Cause
c. Causing factors
d. Intensity
40. A 65 year old female is experiencing flare up of pruritus. Which of the
client’s action could aggravate the cause of flare ups?
a. Sleeping in cool and humidified environment
b. Daily baths with fragrant soap
c. Using clothes made from 100% cotton
d. Increasing fluid intake
41. Atropine sulfate (Atropine) is contraindicated in all but one of the
following client?
a. A client with high blood
b. A client with bowel obstruction
c. A client with glaucoma
d. A client with U.T.I
42. Among the following clients, which among them is high risk for
potential hazards from the surgical experience?
a. 67-year-old client
b. 49-year-old client
c. 33-year-old client
d. 15-year-old client
43. Nurse Jon assesses vital signs on a client undergone epidural
anesthesia. Which of the following would the nurse assess next?
a. Headache
b. Bladder distension
c. Dizziness
d. Ability to move legs
44. Nurse Katrina should anticipate that all of the following drugs may be used
in the attempt to control the symptoms of Meniere's disease except:
a. Antiemetics

b. Diuretics
c. Antihistamines
d. Glucocorticoids
45. Which of the following complications associated with tracheostomy tube?
a. Increased cardiac output
b. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
c. Increased blood pressure
d. Damage to laryngeal nerves
46. Nurse Faith should recognize that fluid shift in an client with burn injury
results from increase in the:
a. Total volume of circulating whole blood
b. Total volume of intravascular plasma
c. Permeability of capillary walls
d. Permeability of kidney tubules
47. An 83-year-old woman has several ecchymotic areas on her right arm.
The bruises are probably caused by:
a. increased capillary fragility and permeability
b. increased blood supply to the skin
c. self inflicted injury
d. elder abuse
48. Nurse Anna is aware that early adaptation of client with renal carcinoma is:
a. Nausea and vomiting
b. flank pain
c. weight gain
d. intermittent hematuria
49. A male client with tuberculosis asks Nurse Brian how long the
chemotherapy must be continued. Nurse Brian’s accurate reply would be:
a. 1 to 3 weeks
b. 6 to 12 months
c. 3 to 5 months
d. 3 years and more
50. A client has undergone laryngectomy. The immediate nursing priority
would be:
a. Keep trachea free of secretions
b. Monitor for signs of infection
c. Provide emotional support
d. Promote means of communication

ANSWERS AND RATIONALE – MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
1. C. Glucocorticoids (steroids) are used for their anti-inflammatory action,

which decreases the development of edema.
2. A. The blood must be stopped at once, and then normal saline should
be infused to keep the line patent and maintain blood volume.
3. B. These tests confirm the presence of HIV antibodies that occur in
response to the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
4. D. One cup of cottage cheese contains approximately 225 calories, 27 g of
protein, 9 g of fat, 30 mg cholesterol, and 6 g of carbohydrate. Proteins of
high biologic value (HBV) contain optimal levels of amino acids essential
for life.
5. A. Elevation of uremic waste products causes irritation of the nerves,
resulting in flapping hand tremors.
6. B. This indicates that the bladder is distended with urine, therefore palpable.
7. C. Elevation increases lymphatic drainage, reducing edema and pain.
8. B. Detection of myoglobin is a diagnostic tool to determine
whether myocardial damage has occurred.
9. D. When mitral stenosis is present, the left atrium has difficulty emptying its
contents into the left ventricle because there is no valve to prevent back
ward flow into the pulmonary vein, the pulmonary circulation is under
pressure.
10. A. Managing hypertension is the priority for the client with hypertension.
Clients with hypertension frequently do not experience pain, deficient
volume, or impaired skin integrity. It is the asymptomatic nature of
hypertension that makes it so difficult to treat.
11. C. Because of its widespread vasodilating effects, nitroglycerin often
produces side effects such as headache, hypotension and
dizziness.
12. A. An increased in LDL cholesterol concentration has been documented at
risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. LDL cholesterol is not
broken down into the liver but is deposited into the wall of the blood vessels.
13. D. There is a potential alteration in renal perfusion manifested by decreased
urine output. The altered renal perfusion may be related to renal artery
embolism, prolonged hypotension, or prolonged aortic cross-clamping
during the surgery.
14. A. Good source of vitamin B12 are dairy products and meats.
15. C. Aplastic anemia decreases the bone marrow production of RBC’s,
white blood cells, and platelets. The client is at risk for bruising and
bleeding tendencies.
16. B. An elective procedure is scheduled in advance so that all preparations
can be completed ahead of time. The vital signs are the final check that must
be completed before the client leaves the room so that continuity of care and
assessment is provided for.
17. A. The peak incidence of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) is 4 years
of age. It is uncommon after 15 years of age.

18. D. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) does not cause gastric distention. It
does invade the central nervous system, and clients experience
headaches and vomiting from meningeal irritation.
19. B. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) has not been found
to respond to oral anticoagulants such as Coumadin.
20. A. Urine output provides the most sensitive indication of the client’s response
to therapy for hypovolemic shock. Urine output should be consistently
greater than 30 to 35 mL/hr.
21. C. Early warning signs of laryngeal cancer can vary depending on tumor
location. Hoarseness lasting 2 weeks should be evaluated because it is
one of the most common warning signs.
22. C. Steroids decrease the body’s immune response thus decreasing
the production of antibodies that attack the acetylcholine receptors at
the neuromuscular junction
23. C. The osmotic diuretic mannitol is contraindicated in the presence of
inadequate renal function or heart failure because it increases the
intravascular volume that must be filtered and excreted by the
kidney.
24. A. These devices are more accurate because they are easily to used and
have improved adherence in insulin regimens by young people because
the medication can be administered discreetly.
25. C. Damage to blood vessels may decrease the circulatory perfusion of
the toes, this would indicate the lack of blood supply to the extremity.
26. D. Elevation will help control the edema that usually occurs.
27. B. Uric acid has a low solubility, it tends to precipitate and form deposits
at various sites where blood flow is least active, including cartilaginous
tissue such as the ears.
28. B. The palms should bear the client’s weight to avoid damage to the nerves
in the axilla.
29. A. Active exercises, alternating extension, flexion, abduction, and
adduction, mobilize exudates in the joints relieves stiffness and pain.
30. C. Alteration in sensation and circulation indicates damage to the spinal
cord, if these occurs notify physician immediately.
31. A. In the diuretic phase fluid retained during the oliguric phase is excreted
and may reach 3 to 5 liters daily, hypovolemia may occur and fluids should
be replaced.
32. C. The constituents of CSF are similar to those of blood plasma. An
examination for glucose content is done to determine whether a body fluid
is a mucus or a CSF. A CSF normally contains glucose.
33. B. Trauma is one of the primary cause of brain damage and seizure activity
in adults. Other common causes of seizure activity in adults include
neoplasms, withdrawal from drugs and alcohol, and vascular disease.
34. A. It is crucial to monitor the pupil size and papillary response to
indicate changes around the cranial nerves.
35. C. The nurse most positive approach is to encourage the client with multiple
sclerosis to stay active, use stress reduction techniques and avoid fatigue
because it is important to support the immune system while remaining
active.
36. D. Restlessness is an early indicator of hypoxia. The nurse should
suspect hypoxia in unconscious client who suddenly becomes restless.
37. B. In spinal shock, the bladder becomes completely atonic and will
continue to fill unless the client is catheterized.
38. A. Progression stage is the change of tumor from the preneoplastic state
or low degree of malignancy to a fast growing tumor that cannot be
reversed.
39. D. Intensity is the major indicative of severity of pain and it is important for
the evaluation of the treatment.
40. B. The use of fragrant soap is very drying to skin hence causing the pruritus.
41. C. Atropine sulfate is contraindicated with glaucoma patients because
it increases intraocular pressure.
42. A. A 67 year old client is greater risk because the older adult client is
more likely to have a less-effective immune system.
43. B. The last area to return sensation is in the perineal area, and the nurse
in charge should monitor the client for distended bladder.
44. D. Glucocorticoids play no significant role in disease treatment.
45. D. Tracheostomy tube has several potential complications including
bleeding, infection and laryngeal nerve damage.
46. C. In burn, the capillaries and small vessels dilate, and cell damage cause
the release of a histamine-like substance. The substance causes the capillary
walls to become more permeable and significant quantities of fluid are lost.
47. A. Aging process involves increased capillary fragility and permeability. Older
adults have a decreased amount of subcutaneous fat and cause an
increased incidence of bruise like lesions caused by collection of
extravascular blood in loosely structured dermis.
48. D. Intermittent pain is the classic sign of renal carcinoma. It is primarily due
to capillary erosion by the cancerous growth.
49. B. Tubercle bacillus is a drug resistant organism and takes a long time to
be eradicated. Usually a combination of three drugs is used for minimum of
6 months and at least six months beyond culture conversion.
50. A. Patent airway is the most priority; therefore removal of secretions
is necessary.

PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
1. Marco approached Nurse Trish asking for advice on how to deal with
his alcohol addiction. Nurse Trish should tell the client that the only
effective treatment for alcoholism is:
a. Psychotherapy
b. Alcoholics anonymous (A.A.)
c. Total abstinence
d. Aversion Therapy
2. Nurse Hazel is caring for a male client who experience false sensory
perceptions with no basis in reality. This perception is known as:
a. Hallucinations
b. Delusions
c. Loose associations
d. Neologisms
3. Nurse Monet is caring for a female client who has suicidal tendency.
When accompanying the client to the restroom, Nurse Monet should…
a. Give her privacy
b. Allow her to urinate
c. Open the window and allow her to get some fresh air
d. Observe her
4. Nurse Maureen is developing a plan of care for a female client with
anorexia nervosa. Which action should the nurse include in the
plan?
a. Provide privacy during meals
b. Set-up a strict eating plan for the client
c. Encourage client to exercise to reduce anxiety
d. Restrict visits with the family
5. A client is experiencing anxiety attack. The most appropriate
nursing intervention should include?
a. Turning on the television
b. Leaving the client alone
c. Staying with the client and speaking in short sentences
d. Ask the client to play with other clients
6. A female client is admitted with a diagnosis of delusions of GRANDEUR.
This diagnosis reflects a belief that one is:
a. Being Killed
b. Highly famous and important
c. Responsible for evil world
d. Connected to client unrelated to oneself
7. A 20 year old client was diagnosed with dependent personality disorder.
Which behavior is not likely to be evidence of ineffective individual
coping?
a. Recurrent self-destructive behavior
b. Avoiding relationship
c. Showing interest in solitary activities
d. Inability to make choices and decision without advise
8. A male client is diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder. Which
signs would this client exhibit during social situation?
a. Paranoid thoughts
b. Emotional affect
c. Independence need
d. Aggressive behavior
9. Nurse Claire is caring for a client diagnosed with bulimia. The
most appropriate initial goal for a client diagnosed with bulimia is?
a. Encourage to avoid foods
b. Identify anxiety causing situations
c. Eat only three meals a day
d. Avoid shopping plenty of groceries
10. Nurse Tony was caring for a 41 year old female client. Which behavior by
the client indicates adult cognitive development?
a. Generates new levels of awareness
b. Assumes responsibility for her actions
c. Has maximum ability to solve problems and learn new skills
d. Her perception are based on reality
11.A A neuromuscular blocking agent is administered to a client before
ECT therapy. The Nurse should carefully observe the client for?
a. Respiratory difficulties
b. Nausea and vomiting
c. Dizziness
d. Seizures
12.A A 75 year old client is admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of
dementia of the Alzheimer’s type and depression. The symptom that
is unrelated to depression would be?
a. Apathetic response to the environment
b. “I don’t know” answer to questions
c. Shallow of labile effect
d. Neglect of personal hygiene
13. Nurse Trish is working in a mental health facility; the nurse priority
nursing intervention for a newly admitted client with bulimia nervosa
would be to?
a. Teach client to measure I & O
b. Involve client in planning daily meal
c. Observe client during meals
d. Monitor client continuously
14. Nurse Patricia is aware that the major health complication associated
with intractable anorexia nervosa would be?
a. Cardiac dysrhythmias resulting to cardiac arrest
b. Glucose intolerance resulting in protracted hypoglycemia
c. Endocrine imbalance causing cold amenorrhea
d. Decreased metabolism causing cold intolerance
15. Nurse Anna can minimize agitation in a disturbed client by?
a. Increasing stimulation
b. limiting unnecessary interaction
c. increasing appropriate sensory perception
d. ensuring constant client and staff contact

16.A A 39 year old mother with obsessive-compulsive disorder has
become immobilized by her elaborate hand washing and walking
rituals. Nurse Trish recognizes that the basis of O.C. disorder is often:
a. Problems with being too conscientious
b. Problems with anger and remorse
c. Feelings of guilt and inadequacy
d. Feeling of unworthiness and hopelessness
17. Mario is complaining to other clients about not being allowed by staff to
keep food in his room. Which of the following interventions would be
most appropriate?
a. Allowing a snack to be kept in his room
b. Reprimanding the client
c. Ignoring the clients behavior
d. Setting limits on the behavior
18. Conney with borderline personality disorder who is to be discharge soon
threatens to “do something” to herself if discharged. Which of the
following actions by the nurse would be most important?
a. Ask a family member to stay with the client at home temporarily
b. Discuss the meaning of the client’s statement with her
c. Request an immediate extension for the client
d. Ignore the clients statement because it’s a sign of manipulation
19. Joey a client with antisocial personality disorder belches loudly. A staff
member asks Joey, “Do you know why people find you repulsive?” this
statement most likely would elicit which of the following client
reaction?
a. Depensiveness
b. Embarrassment
c. Shame
d. Remorsefulness
20. Which of the following approaches would be most appropriate to use with
a client suffering from narcissistic personality disorder when
discrepancies exist between what the client states and what actually
exist?
a. Rationalization
b. Supportive confrontation
c. Limit setting
d. Consistency
21. Cely is experiencing alcohol withdrawal exhibits tremors, diaphoresis and
hyperactivity. Blood pressure is 190/87 mmhg and pulse is 92 bpm. Which
of the medications would the nurse expect to administer?
a. Naloxone (Narcan)
b. Benzlropine (Cogentin)
c. Lorazepam (Ativan)
d. Haloperidol (Haldol)
22. Which of the following foods would the nurse Trish eliminate from the
diet of a client in alcohol withdrawal?
a. Milk
b. Orange Juice
c. Soda
d. Regular Coffee
23. Which of the following would Nurse Hazel expect to assess for a
client who is exhibiting late signs of heroin withdrawal?
a. Yawning & diaphoresis
b. Restlessness & Irritability
c. Constipation & steatorrhea
d. Vomiting and Diarrhea
24. To establish open and trusting relationship with a female client who
has been hospitalized with severe anxiety, the nurse in charge should?
a. Encourage the staff to have frequent interaction with the client
b. Share an activity with the client
c. Give client feedback about behavior
d. Respect client’s need for personal space
25. Nurse Monette recognizes that the focus of environmental (MILIEU)
therapy is to:
a. Manipulate the environment to bring about positive changes
in behavior
b. Allow the client’s freedom to determine whether or not they will
be involved in activities
c. Role play life events to meet individual needs
d. Use natural remedies rather than drugs to control behavior
26. Nurse Trish would expect a child with a diagnosis of reactive
attachment disorder to:
a. Have more positive relation with the father than the mother
b. Cling to mother & cry on separation
c. Be able to develop only superficial relation with the others
d. Have been physically abuse
27. When teaching parents about childhood depression Nurse Trina
should say?
a. It may appear acting out behavior
b. Does not respond to conventional treatment
c. Is short in duration & resolves easily
d. Looks almost identical to adult depression
28. Nurse Perry is aware that language development in autistic
child resembles:
a. Scanning speech
b. Speech lag
c. Shuttering
d. Echolalia
29.A A 60 year old female client who lives alone tells the nurse at the
community health center “I really don’t need anyone to talk to”. The TV
is my best friend. The nurse recognizes that the client is using the
defense mechanism known as?
a. Displacement
b. Projection

c. Sublimation
d. Denial
30. When working with a male client suffering phobia about black cats,
Nurse Trish should anticipate that a problem for this client would be?
a. Anxiety when discussing phobia
b. Anger toward the feared object
c. Denying that the phobia exist
d. Distortion of reality when completing daily routines
31. Linda is pacing the floor and appears extremely anxious. The duty
nurse approaches in an attempt to alleviate Linda’s anxiety. The most
therapeutic question by the nurse would be?
a. Would you like to watch TV?
b. Would you like me to talk with you?
c. Are you feeling upset now?
d. Ignore the client
32. Nurse Penny is aware that the symptoms that distinguish post
traumatic stress disorder from other anxiety disorder would be:
a. Avoidance of situation & certain activities that resemble the stress
b. Depression and a blunted affect when discussing the
traumatic situation
c. Lack of interest in family & others
d. Re-experiencing the trauma in dreams or flashback
33. Nurse Benjie is communicating with a male client with substance-induced
persisting dementia; the client cannot remember facts and fills in the
gaps with imaginary information. Nurse Benjie is aware that this is typical
of?
a. Flight of ideas
b. Associative looseness
c. Confabulation
d. Concretism
34. Nurse Joey is aware that the signs & symptoms that would be
most specific for diagnosis anorexia are?
a. Excessive weight loss, amenorrhea & abdominal distension
b. Slow pulse, 10% weight loss & alopecia
c. Compulsive behavior, excessive fears & nausea
d. Excessive activity, memory lapses & an increased pulse
35.A A characteristic that would suggest to Nurse Anne that an adolescent
may have bulimia would be:
a. Frequent regurgitation & re-swallowing of food
b. Previous history of gastritis
c. Badly stained teeth
d. Positive body image
36. Nurse Monette is aware that extremely depressed clients seem to do
best in settings where they have:
a. Multiple stimuli
b. Routine Activities
c. Minimal decision making

d. Varied Activities
37. To further assess a client’s suicidal potential. Nurse Katrina should
be especially alert to the client expression of:
a. Frustration & fear of death
b. Anger & resentment
c. Anxiety & loneliness
d. Helplessness & hopelessness
38.A A nursing care plan for a male client with bipolar I disorder should include:
a. Providing a structured environment
b. Designing activities that will require the client to maintain
contact with reality
c. Engaging the client in conversing about current affairs
d. Touching the client provide assurance
39. When planning care for a female client using ritualistic behavior,
Nurse Gina must recognize that the ritual:
a. Helps the client focus on the inability to deal with reality
b. Helps the client control the anxiety
c. Is under the client’s conscious control
d. Is used by the client primarily for secondary gains
40.A A 32 year old male graduate student, who has become increasingly
withdrawn and neglectful of his work and personal hygiene, is brought
to the psychiatric hospital by his parents. After detailed assessment, a
diagnosis of schizophrenia is made. It is unlikely that the client will
demonstrate:
a. Low self esteem
b. Concrete thinking
c. Effective self boundaries
d. Weak ego
41.A A 23 year old client has been admitted with a diagnosis of
schizophrenia says to the nurse “Yes, its march, March is little woman”.
That’s literal you know”. These statement illustrate:
a. Neologisms
b. Echolalia
c. Flight of ideas
d. Loosening of association
42.A A long term goal for a paranoid male client who has unjustifiably
accused his wife of having many extramarital affairs would be to help the
client develop:
a. Insight into his behavior
b. Better self control
c. Feeling of self worth
d. Faith in his wife
43.A A male client who is experiencing disordered thinking about food
being poisoned is admitted to the mental health unit. The nurse uses
which communication technique to encourage the client to eat dinner?
a. Focusing on self-disclosure of own food preference

b. Using open ended question and silence
c. Offering opinion about the need to eat
d. Verbalizing reasons that the client may not choose to eat
44. Nurse Nina is assigned to care for a client diagnosed with Catatonic
Stupor. When Nurse Nina enters the client’s room, the client is found
lying on the bed with a body pulled into a fetal position. Nurse Nina
should?
a. Ask the client direct questions to encourage talking
b. Rake the client into the dayroom to be with other clients
c. Sit beside the client in silence and occasionally ask open-
ended question
d. Leave the client alone and continue with providing care to the
other clients
45. Nurse Tina is caring for a client with delirium and states that “look at
the spiders on the wall”. What should the nurse respond to the client?
a. “You’re having hallucination, there are no spiders in this room at all”
b. “I can see the spiders on the wall, but they are not going to
hurt you”
c. “Would you like me to kill the spiders”
d. “I know you are frightened, but I do not see spiders on the wall”
46. Nurse Jonel is providing information to a community group about
violence in the family. Which statement by a group member would
indicate a need to provide additional information?
a. “Abuse occurs more in low-income families”
b. “Abuser Are often jealous or self-centered”
c. “Abuser use fear and intimidation”
d. “Abuser usually have poor self-esteem”
47. During electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) the client receives oxygen by
mask via positive pressure ventilation. The nurse assisting with this
procedure knows that positive pressure ventilation is necessary
because?
a. Anesthesia is administered during the procedure
b. Decrease oxygen to the brain increases confusion
and disorientation
c. Grand mal seizure activity depresses respirations
d. Muscle relaxations given to prevent injury during seizure
activity depress respirations.
48. When planning the discharge of a client with chronic anxiety, Nurse
Chris evaluates achievement of the discharge maintenance goals. Which
goal would be most appropriately having been included in the plan of
care requiring evaluation?
a. The client eliminates all anxiety from daily situations
b. The client ignores feelings of anxiety
c. The client identifies anxiety producing situations
d. The client maintains contact with a crisis counselor
49. Nurse Tina is caring for a client with depression who has not responded
to antidepressant medication. The nurse anticipates that what treatment
procedure may be prescribed.
a. Neuroleptic medication
b. Short term seclusion
c. Psychosurgery
d. Electroconvulsive therapy
50. Mario is admitted to the emergency room with drug-included anxiety
related to over ingestion of prescribed antipsychotic medication. The most
important piece of information the nurse in charge should obtain initially is
the:
a. Length of time on the med.
b. Name of the ingested medication & the amount ingested
c. Reason for the suicide attempt
d. Name of the nearest relative & their phone number

ANSWERS AND RATIONALE – PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
1. C. Total abstinence is the only effective treatment for alcoholism
2. A. Hallucinations are visual, auditory, gustatory, tactile or olfactory
perceptions that have no basis in reality.
3. D. The Nurse has a responsibility to observe continuously the acutely
suicidal client. The Nurse should watch for clues, such as communicating
suicidal thoughts, and messages; hoarding medications and talking about
death.
4. B. Establishing a consistent eating plan and monitoring client’s weight
are important to this disorder.
5. C. Appropriate nursing interventions for an anxiety attack include using
short sentences, staying with the client, decreasing stimuli, remaining calm
and medicating as needed.
6. B. Delusion of grandeur is a false belief that one is highly famous
and important.
7. D. Individual with dependent personality disorder typically shows
indecisiveness submissiveness and clinging behavior so that others will
make decisions with them.
8. A. Clients with schizotypal personality disorder experience excessive
social anxiety that can lead to paranoid thoughts
9. B. Bulimia disorder generally is a maladaptive coping response to stress
and underlying issues. The client should identify anxiety causing situation
that stimulate the bulimic behavior and then learn new ways of coping with
the anxiety.
10. A. An adult age 31 to 45 generates new level of awareness.
11. A. Neuromuscular Blocker, such as SUCCINYLCHOLINE (Anectine)
produces respiratory depression because it inhibits contractions of respiratory
muscles.
12. C. With depression, there is little or no emotional involvement therefore
little alteration in affect.
13. D. These clients often hide food or force vomiting; therefore they must
be carefully monitored.
14. A. These clients have severely depleted levels of sodium and potassium
because of their starvation diet and energy expenditure, these electrolytes
are necessary for cardiac functioning.
15. B. Limiting unnecessary interaction will decrease stimulation and agitation.
16. C. Ritualistic behavior seen in this disorder is aimed at controlling guilt
and inadequacy by maintaining an absolute set pattern of behavior.
17. D. The nurse needs to set limits in the client’s manipulative behavior to help
the client control dysfunctional behavior. A consistent approach by the staff
is necessary to decrease manipulation.
18. B. Any suicidal statement must be assessed by the nurse. The nurse
should discuss the client’s statement with her to determine its meaning in
terms of suicide.
19. A. When the staff member ask the client if he wonders why others find
him repulsive, the client is likely to feel defensive because the question is
belittling. The natural tendency is to counterattack the threat to self image.

20. B. The nurse would specifically use supportive confrontation with the client
to point out discrepancies between what the client states and what actually
exists to increase responsibility for self.
21. C. The nurse would most likely administer benzodiazepine, such as
lorazepan (ativan) to the client who is experiencing symptom: The client’s
experiences symptoms of withdrawal because of the rebound phenomenon
when the sedation of the CNS from alcohol begins to decrease.
22. D. Regular coffee contains caffeine which acts as psychomotor
stimulants and leads to feelings of anxiety and agitation. Serving coffee
top the client may add to tremors or wakefulness.
23. D. Vomiting and diarrhea are usually the late signs of heroin withdrawal,
along with muscle spasm, fever, nausea, repetitive, abdominal cramps
and backache.
24. D. Moving to a client’s personal space increases the feeling of threat,
which increases anxiety.
25. A. Environmental (MILIEU) therapy aims at having everything in the
client’s surrounding area toward helping the client.
26. C. Children who have experienced attachment difficulties with
primary caregiver are not able to trust others and therefore relate
superficially
27. A. Children have difficulty verbally expressing their feelings, acting out
behavior, such as temper tantrums, may indicate underlying
depression.
28. D. The autistic child repeat sounds or words spoken by others.
29. D. The client statement is an example of the use of denial, a defense
that blocks problem by unconscious refusing to admit they exist
30. A. Discussion of the feared object triggers an emotional response to
the object.
31. B. The nurse presence may provide the client with support & feeling
of control.
32. D. Experiencing the actual trauma in dreams or flashback is the major
symptom that distinguishes post traumatic stress disorder from other
anxiety disorder.
33. C. Confabulation or the filling in of memory gaps with imaginary facts is
a defense mechanism used by people experiencing memory deficits.
34. A. These are the major signs of anorexia nervosa. Weight loss is
excessive (15% of expected weight)
35. C. Dental enamel erosion occurs from repeated self-induced vomiting.
36. B. Depression usually is both emotional & physical. A simple daily routine
is the best, least stressful and least anxiety producing.
37. D. The expression of these feeling may indicate that this client is unable
to continue the struggle of life.
38. A. Structure tends to decrease agitation and anxiety and to increase
the client’s feeling of security.
39. B. The rituals used by a client with obsessive compulsive disorder
help control the anxiety level by maintaining a set pattern of action.
40. C. A person with this disorder would not have adequate self-boundaries

41. D. Loose associations are thoughts that are presented without the
logical connections usually necessary for the listening to interpret the
message.
42. C. Helping the client to develop feeling of self worth would reduce the
client’s need to use pathologic defenses.
43. B. Open ended questions and silence are strategies used to
encourage clients to discuss their problem in descriptive manner.
44. C. Clients who are withdrawn may be immobile and mute, and require
consistent, repeated interventions. Communication with withdrawn clients
requires much patience from the nurse. The nurse facilitates
communication with the client by sitting in silence, asking open-ended
question and pausing to provide opportunities for the client to respond.
45. D. When hallucination is present, the nurse should reinforce reality with
the client.
46. A. Personal characteristics of abuser include low self-esteem, immaturity,
dependence, insecurity and jealousy.
47. D. A short acting skeletal muscle relaxant such as succinylcholine
(Anectine) is administered during this procedure to prevent injuries during
seizure.
48. C. Recognizing situations that produce anxiety allows the client to prepare
to cope with anxiety or avoid specific stimulus.
49. D. Electroconvulsive therapy is an effective treatment for depression that has
not responded to medication
50. B. In an emergency, lives saving facts are obtained first. The name and
the amount of medication ingested are of outmost important in treating this
potentially life threatening situation.

References
 Maternal and Child Nursing by Adele Pilliterri

 Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children 8th Edition
 MS Manuals of Nursing Practice by Lippincott
 Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 4th Edition by Fortinash
 Management and Leadership for Nurse Administrators 5th Edition by
Linda Roussel
 Essentials of Gerontological Nursing by Patricia Tabloski
 Fundamentals of Nursing 2nd Edition by Josie Quiambao-Udan RN, MAN
 Nursing Practice in the Community 4th Edition by Araceli Maglaya
 Community Health Nursing Services in the Philippines 9th Edition- DOH
 Fundamentals of Nursing 7th Edition by Barbara Kozier Et al.
 Modules for Basic Nursing Skills 6th Edition by Janice Rider Ellis
 Kaplan NCLEX-RN 2008-2009 Edition by Barbara Irwin
 Saunders Q &A Review for the NCLEX-RN Examination 3rd Edition by
Linda Anne Silvestre
 Sia's Nursing Questions and Answers 2005 Edition by Maria
Loreto Evangelista-Sia
 NCLEX-RN Made Incredibly Easy by Lippincott and Williams
 Lippincott’s Review Series Pediatric Nursing 2nd Edition
 Mosby's Review Questions for the NCLEX-RN Examination 5th Edition
 Saunders NCLEX-RN Examination 3rd edition
 Lippincott’s Review for NCLEX-RN 8th edition
 Davis NCLEX-RN Success 2nd edition
 Lippincott’s Review Series – Maternal Newborn Nursing 2nd Edition
 Brunner and Suddart Review for NCLEX-RN
 Springhouse Made Incredibly Easy
 Jaypee's Comprehensive Review of CGFNS
 Lippincott’s Review Series – Medical Surgical Nursing 2nd Edition

Nle Reviewer

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nle Reviewer

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nursing Crib – Student Nurses’ Community 1

All contents copyright C 2009-2012 by NursingCrib.com. All rights reserved. No

Limit of Liability and Disclaimer of Warranty:

This ebook identifies product names and services known to be trademarks,

Nursing Crib – Student Nurses’ Community 2

Sharing this Document:

Nursing Crib – Student Nurses’ Community 3

Part 1 Mock Board Examination

Part 3 Selected Practice Test from Nursing Crib’s website

Nursing Crib – Student Nurses’ Community 4

Foundation of Professional Nursing

Nursing Crib – Student Nurses’ Community 5

1. The nurse In-charge in labor and delivery unit administered a dose of

a. The physician’s orders.

2. Nurse Trish is caring for a female client with a history of GI bleeding,

a. “Digoxin .1250 mg P.O. once daily”

4. A newly admitted female client was diagnosed with deep vein

a. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to venous congestion.

Nursing Crib – Student Nurses’ Community 6

a. A 34 year-old post operative appendectomy client of five hours

6. Nurse Gail places a client in a four-point restraint following orders from

a. Assess temperature frequently.

7. A male client who has severe burns is receiving H2 receptor

a. Prevent stress ulcer

8. The doctor orders hourly urine output measurement for a postoperative

a. Increase the I.V. fluid infusion rate

a. “My ankle looks less swollen now”.

Nursing Crib – Student Nurses’ Community 7

10. The physician prescribes a loop diuretic for a client. When

a. Have condescending trust and confidence in their subordinates.

a. Provides continuous, coordinated and comprehensive

14. A female client with a fecal impaction frequently exhibits which

Nursing Crib – Student Nurses’ Community 8

a. Pulling the lobule down and back

a. Protect the irritated skin from sunlight.

a. Encourage the client to void following preoperative medication.

a. Blood pressure above normal range.

a. Provide high-fiber, high-fat diet

20. Nurse Hazel will administer a unit of whole blood, which

a. Blood pressure and pulse rate.

Nursing Crib – Student Nurses’ Community 9

a. Takes a set of vital signs.

a. Place client on reverse isolation.

23. A newly admitted female client was diagnosed with agranulocytosis.

24. A male client is receiving total parenteral nutrition suddenly

a. Notify the physician.

25. Nurse May attends an educational conference on leadership styles. The

Nursing Crib – Student Nurses’ Community 10

27. A child of 10 years old is to receive 400 cc of IV fluid in an 8 hour

a. Assess the IV for type of fluid and rate of flow.

29. Which of the following vital sign assessments that may

a. BP – 80/60, Pulse – 110 irregular

30. Which is the most appropriate nursing action in obtaining a blood

a. Take the proper equipment, place the client in a comfortable

Nursing Crib – Student Nurses’ Community 11

a. Diagnostic test results

33. In preventing the development of an external rotation deformity of the

a. Trochanter roll extending from the crest of the ileum to the

a. Second intention healing

Nursing Crib – Student Nurses’ Community 12

36. An 80-year-old male client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of

37. The physician prescribes meperidine (Demerol), 75 mg I.M. every 4

a. It’s a common measurement in the metric system.