University of Maryland, College Park

Pearl Diving Assignment 01

Mikaila Esuke

Communication for Project Managers: ENCE424

Dr. Shana Webster-Trotman

June 10, 2022

Introduction
Engineering is defined as “the application of science and mathematics by which the
properties of matter and the sources of energy in nature are made useful to people” (Merriam-
Webster), and an engineer’s coursework during university is largely technical in nature. A
common belief is that technically trained professionals lack the ability to communicate – which
stems from the absence of high level, beyond high school, coursework primarily focused on
proper and effective communication methods. The course Communication for Project Managers
fills this void and provides essential methods and skills to communicate both logically and
coherently in an ever-so technical field. The assignments within this course – such as speeches,
readings, and reflective essays like this – are designed to help us, students, formally add
communications to our professional skillsets. Within this reflective essay, I will review and
discuss key concepts and methods I have learned from both the readings and class discussions,
my plans to increase my network through my newfound abilities, what I believe key attributes of
a communicator are, as well as analyze and review the results of a few self-assessments geared
towards my personality.

Concepts from Readings

The first concept I learned from the readings that I connected with and truly remained
with me was from the reading, A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking, which was to make your
nervousness and anxiety about public speaking work for you, and not against you. Personally,
many forms of public speaking and outgoingness cause me anxiety – such as speaking up in
class, formal events (i.e. career fairs, networking events, dinners, etc.), speeches, presentations,
and even sending professional emails. According to the authors, if and when “channeled
properly, nervousness can actually boost performance” and “seasoned speakers know how to
make their nervousness work for rather than against them” (O’Hair 13). This can also be defined
as general speech anxiety, and one of the first steps in managing it is to identify what is causing
the anxiety. For me, it’s a mixture of self-consciousness, fear of making mistakes resulting in
public humiliation, and the feeling of being forced to go against my nature – being introverted.
The majority of these listed falls under what the reading refers to as “feeling different”, which
for “inexperienced speakers, we assume that being different somehow means being inferior,
which leads to anxiety” (O’Hair 14) and that no one would want to listen to what we have to
say.

Another method to help assist in managing and overcoming speech anxiety involves
“pinpointing the onset of anxiety” (O’Hair 15). This can be caused by various cases, such as pre-
preparation anxiety or pre-performance anxiety, but for me, it all falls under the umbrella of
procrastination. The idea of starting something, like a speech, that I know will cause me anxiety
compels me to procrastinate. This unfortunately has the effect of the procrastination itself also
causing me stress – ultimately destroying my confidence before the speech has even begun.

So, this leads up to my plans to integrate and practice the methods that I have learned
from the readings in order to both manage and overcome my speaking anxiety. From this
particular reading, I have accumulated three different methods or techniques I can utilize to
manage and overcome my speaking anxiety. First, I have to start believing in both my message
and myself – which stems from my own self-confidence. Through better believing in myself and
believing that my words have meaning to others, I can better overcome the feeling that no one
cares for both me and my message. Second, to overcome the initial preparation and
procrastination-related stress, I have begun preparing for public speaking assignments early on in
moderated sections to bits. These sections are to ensure that I never feel too overwhelmed at
once about the upcoming assignment or public speaking opportunity. Third and lastly, I can
better practice my speeches and other public speaking opportunities by thoroughly practicing the
speech beforehand. This entails speaking both with written aides, such as flashcards and scripts,
as well as with any visual aids present within the presentation or speaking event itself. For
example, for my product manufacturing and engineering course final redesign presentation, I
started to prepare by creating a formal script of what to say. However, since the presentations
were virtual, I stopped this process at this point. I could have continued this process by
simplifying my script into flashcards with key points, practicing the speech quite a few times on
its own, and then practicing the speech with my PowerPoint presentation as my visual aide.

A second topic discussed in both the readings as well as in the lecture was the concept or
topic of body language. I learned from Dr. Albert Mehrabian’s Communication Model that
approximately 55% of an audience’s initiation or opinion of you is based on your body language
– leaving the remaining 45% to be split between your tone (38%) and what you are saying (7%)
(The World of Work Project). From this, I learned that body language is essential in one’s initial
perception of you, which also helps to form their everlasting opinion of you. Body language
stems from non-verbal communication, which also encompasses one's looks, motions,
expressions, actions, and more. Now that I know how essential body language truly is, I will
practice the technique of exercising good body language by becoming assiduous about the way I
present myself – through my apparel and actions – as well as through my physical body itself,
such as through my posture and how I communicate utilizing my body. One can communicate
utilizing their body from hand gestures to maintaining eye contact to one’s facial expressions
exhibited during a conversation. Personally, I need to work on how to maintain appropriate eye
contact, so I will focus on this specific aspect.

The third and last interesting concept I learned from the reading, Five Stars the
Communication Secrets to Get from Good to Great, is that a great communicator is virtually
irreplaceable. This assertion has been supported by top representatives in their respective fields
that genuinely believe one's “ability to communicate persuasively is the single greatest skill that
will set you apart in the next decade” (Gallo 11). Ultimately this reading speaks to the fact that
these individuals are not only powerful communicators but have mastered being dominant and
effective communicators. This is because not only hundreds, but in some cases thousands, of
years later we as a society are still moved and compelled by their words and messages because of
techniques they practiced. Take John F. Kennedy for example, he employed the “rule of three, a
powerful communication technique that superstar persuaders utilize to mobilize their listeners”
(Gallo 20). Thus, from this reading, I also learned of the benefits associated with utilizing the
rule of three-technique in communication. I personally apply the rule of three-technique by
breaking up any and all communication opportunities into three distinct sections: an introduction,
body, and conclusion. Another way I can apply this particular technique is by having either three
main points or things to walk away with. The main point of this technique is grouping your
message into three sections to make it more impactful and memorable.

Networking
Before taking the Communications for Project Managers course, I fully understood the
significance and importance of networking. I formulated my opinion and understanding of
networking through personal experiences, people who have influenced my life, and through my
work as a peer assistant at the University of Maryland, A. James Clark School of Engineering’s
Career Services Office. Through networking and professional relationships, I not only gained my
first job at the engineering career services office but my first internship in the industry as well.
Within the parameters of this course, I have learned how to enhance my public speaking skills
which can only aid in improving my networking abilities. Whist reading the assigned
reading Networking for College Students and Graduates I learned that the most important skills
that employers seek in new hires are teamwork (44%), critical thinking (33%), and oral or
written communications (30%) (Faulkner 25). Thankfully I believe that I do not only obtain
these particular skills, but I am rather proficient in these skills, thus increasing not only my
employability but my desirability and in turn my networkability.

Additionally, this reading advises effective methods and steps to practice good
networking, one of which is following up. The reading advises one to “keep your promises, keep
your word, and if you promise to do something, do it in a timely manner” (Faulkner 36). This is
not only something I believe in but practice in order to grow my network. For example, if
someone assigns me a task, I try to complete it as soon as possible to showcase not only my
technical abilities but my ability to complete deliverables in a manner essential to the industry
I’m working in. Afterall, time is money. Furthermore, another form of this I practice is following
up through either sending thank you emails or letters. For example, after I concluded my first
internship during the summer of 2021, I wrote all of my fellow engineers and managers who had
taught me thank you letters to showcase my gratitude. This not only left a good impression but,
increased my network and improved my networking skills.

An Effective Communicator’s Key Attributes

The first attribute I believe to be an effective communicator is being composed, or
articulate. I believe that this attribute is also important to my very own personal development as
a communicator. For reference, being either composed or articulate in my mind relates to one’s
ability to act during different situations or conversations. I self-score myself for this particular
attribute an 8 out of 10, meaning I believe that I have mastered this attribute exceptionally well. I
believe I have my introverted nature to thank for this because I always assess situations, am
aware of what’s occurring around me, and carefully craft my response or actions accordingly. I
lack impulsiveness, which for this attribute helps. In order to improve my level of proficiency
with this attribute, I can firstly work on my body language as that is one of, if not the first,
indicators of how one is reacting to a situation. Second, I can further work on relating to my
audiences since understanding their own viewpoint in any given situation can only help you
better react and relate. Third and lastly, I can work on being more assertive or confident in my
own response to these situations since lacking confidence surely cannot help one remain proper
composure.
 Being concise is another key attribute I associate with a good communicator. For this, I
self-score myself a 7 out of 10 due to my ability of thinking before speaking and choosing my
words as wisely as possible. In order to further help improve my level of proficiency in
conciseness, I would first spend time understanding any necessary jargon or terminology. Using
proper terminology or jargon when discussing a particular subject not only adds to one’s
credibility but helps the message remain concise. This leads to my next action which is
practicing the message I are trying to communicate. Practice, whether running through the
speech or presentation or rereading written messages, as well as writing drafts of said message,
all help to remain concise and prevent fillers. The last action I would perform to improve my
level of proficiency in this is testing myself by taking on spontaneous opportunities to practice
this key attribute. Whether it's unplanned public speaking opportunities or spur-of-the-moment
messages that need to be completed in a timely manner, this action will help me to become more
concise in more, and hopefully in time all, circumstances.

Another key attribute of a good and effective communicator is that of being a good
listener. How can one be an effective communicator if one lacks the ability to listen and interpret
other communicators and their messages? I self-score myself as a 6 out of 10 with this particular
key attribute. One action I take to become a better listener is to practice maintaining eye contact
with the speaker. Personally, if I were to rate myself on this action alone, I would give myself a 2
out of 10. I tend to look away from people and refrain from keeping constant eye contact because
of my very own self-confidence issues. Another action I can utilize and practice to become a
better listener is asking questions. Asking questions is a good way to not only prove one is being
a good listener but also showcase one’s initiative to understand the message or topic being
discussed. The last action I would use to improve my level of proficiency in being a powerful
listener is also an action I would use to improve my level of proficiency in being composed –
body language. Once again body language seems to be a common and essential factor in being a
good listener as well as maintain proper composure.

I also consider being observant to be another key attribute of a good listener. This pairs
with the understanding of how your message as a communicator is being received by your
audience. I would self-score myself an 8 out of 10 on this particular key attribute. To further
improve my level of proficiency with this key attribute I will take on new challenges and
experience more of what the world has to offer. This would force me to learn how to take in and
observe new things, in order to further hone in on this skill. The next action I would take would
be to read into more of the details life and situations have to offer. Although I am a detailed
person, I find myself disliking reading itself – which consequently makes me less observant. The
last action I would take to become more observant would be to ask myself, as well as others,
more questions. This only adds to not only taking in more information but understanding it,
further enhancing my ability to remain observant. Asking questions is also an action I would take
to improve my level of proficiency with the key attribute of listening or being a good listener.

The last key attribute I believe relates to and defines an effective communicator is that of
confidence. I self-score myself a 4 out of 10 with this key attribute. By nature, I lack confidence
as I am always second-guessing social situations or just being self-conscious. One action I can
take to enhance my level of proficiency with confidence is, once again, working to improve my
body language. Confidence and body language essentially go hand in hand – from your posture
to how to dress and ultimately emulate yourself to others. The next action I can take to improve
my level of proficiency with this key attribute is by doing more things outside of my comfort
zone – further expanding my skill set and in turn my confidence – like public speaking for
example. The last action I can take is working on my personal health, whether that entails
exercising more, eating better, or getting the proper amount of rest – all of these actions go
towards the main action of improving my health. After all, if you feel good, you both do and
embody good, thus improving my confidence.

DISC Personality Assessment

The Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, or Conscientiousness (DISC) personality test
helps me to both determine and decipher my actions as well as adds reasons for why I act the
way I do and am the way I am. My DISC results were that of being, 45% compliance, 36%
steadiness, 15% dominance, and 6% influence. Referring to the information provided in my
results, my majority compliance result “describes how I approach and organize my activities,
procedures and responsibilities” (DISC Personality Test) which is a result I wholeheartedly agree
with as my majority. The minority is influence which “describes the way I deal with people, and
the way I communicate and relate to others” (DISC Personality Test) which is something I also
somewhat agree with. I agree with the fact that my overall influencing and communication skills
are my lesser strong skills – which is precisely why I am taking this course, Communication for
Project Managers.

After tasking the assessment, I was provided with the DISC personality type, which
depicts me as a “conscientious, diligent and pay attention to detail” (DISC Personality Test) type
of person. Where I aim to consistently achieve perfection and preciseness, making myself ideal
for any work requiring exactness. Again, I wholeheartedly agree with this assessment, and
accurately depicts my personality type. Often when people ask for a word to describe me, I
use meticulous because I see myself as very detail-oriented and precise.

I would say the only thing that surprised me about my results was the fact that my level
of dominance outweighed my level of influence. The test defines or depicts dominance as
something that “describes the way you deal with problems, assert yourself and control situations”
(DISC Personality Test). Looking at just the term dominance, I never would have agreed with
me having any type of or resembling dominance in any form. But, after reviewing and
understanding the definition behind it, I completely agree with the fact that I like to maintain
control over situations as well as my life. Thus, being heavily dominant was the most surprising
insight from the DISC personality test.
Generally speaking, knowing your strengths and weaknesses can help someone become a
better person, or in this case communicator and project manager. The first step is identifying
your strengths and acknowledging what you already excel in, as well as identifying your
weaknesses, where you stand to benefit from some type of improvement. My self-awareness of
my personality type, Conscientiousness, helps me become a more effective communicator and
project manager because I can utilize my skills of being detail-oriented and diligent to effectively
communicate plans, ideas, concepts, and more in great detail whist being diligent showcases my
thoroughness or how I take great care in my work. This in particular can translate into having a
passion for my work, which furthermore can make me a better project manager and
communicator because people would want to work with and follow and project manager who
cares or shows passion for their work. Additionally, people would gravitate toward this type of
communicator opposed to someone who seems lackluster or uninspired.

Conflict Management Styles Assessment

The results of the Conflict Management Styles Assessment identified my most commonly
utilized strategy as collaborating. This particular style is defined by its overarching desire to
maintain both goals and relationships amidst conflict. As portrayed by the assessment one “tries
to begin a discussion that identifies the conflict as a problem and strives to resolve tensions and
maintain the relationship by seeking solutions that satisfy both themselves and the other person”
(Adkins 2). I believe this conflict style helps to facilitate effective communication because you
are essentially trying to reach a common or neutral ground with whomever you are
communicating with in order for further communication to take place more constructively. A
situation I have encountered where this specific conflict style has helped with effective
communication was when my team for my thermodynamics final project was having difficulties
socially, not technically. To simplify the story, we had one member who did not want to
complete an additional assignment for additional credit whereas the rest of the team did. Leaving
a decision of 1 to 3 team members. By having that one outlying team member agree to complete
the additional assignment and having the individuals that wanted the additional assignment to
perform the majority of the work – we exercised this conflict style by discussing and finding a
solution compatible and accepted by all people impacted.
From the reading, Crucial Conversations, I will also apply the technique of “filling the
pool of shared meaning” (Patterson 24) in order to not only enhance but perfect my abilities to
both address and resolve conflict through having “individuals exposed to more accurate and
relevant information to make better choices”. I choose this technique because I often agree with
the assessment from this reading that “each of us enters conversations with our own opinions,
feelings, theories, and experience about the topic at hand” (Patterson 24) and through first
identifying and understanding them a productive and worthwhile conversation can take place.

My second highest conflict style from the conflict management styles assessment was
compromising. The conflict style of compromising entails “seeking compromise” and “a solution
in which both sides gain something, the middle ground between the two extreme positions,
where they are willing to sacrifice part of their goals in order to find agreement for the common
good” (Adkins 2). As this can be seen within the example provided above, another example
where I encountered this conflict style which helped to facilitate effective communication was
when my twin sister and I were purchasing a new car. Honestly, this was the epitome of
compromising for me. First and foremost, we both made lists of what we both wanted in a
vehicle and communicated them with each other. Next, when it came down to it, I ultimately had
to compromise on the color of the vehicle, as the majority of our vehicular desires aligned except
for that one. I sought a black vehicle where she initially didn’t care for the color. But when the
time came to purchase the only color available was her favorite color purple (what were the
chances of this?). I do not despise the color purple, but I was heart set on the color black and
certainly was not thrilled by the color purple. However, by practicing the conflict style of
compromise and ultimately sacrificing my desired car color to maintain the agreement we had
set, effective communication was practiced.

A technique from the reading that I also could have applied to enhance this ability to
resolve conflict would be from the reading A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking. That being
“observing ethical ground rules” through fairness, referring to “making a genuine effort to see all
sides of an issue and acknowledge the information” (O’Hair 23). This technique can certainly
also be useful for the conflict style of collaborating, but for compromising as well because one
has to fully understand what you’re truly compromising for and on. You wouldn’t want to agree
to a compromise only to later find out it was not actually equitable. Ultimately, I choose this
technique because it seems one of the most logical and reasonable to me.

Jung Personality Assessment

The Jung personality assessment depicts and analyzes how I like to “deal with and relate
to people, process information, make decisions and organize my life” (Jung). Overall, it provides
me with an evaluation of my character that can not only be used for myself but for work
purposes, like to see how I may fit in a particular career or job. My Jung assessment results
determined my personality type as an Introvert-iNtuitive-Thinker-Perceiver (INTP). People with
this particular personality type are more “intellectually thoughtful” (Jung) and can be depicted as
both innovative and ingenious.
I truly agree with the statement that I “live in a rich internal world in my mind, which is
full of imagination an excitement” where “as a consequence, I may sometimes find the external
world less interesting, leading some people to see me as being rather understated and reserved”
(Jung). Ever since I was a young child, I lived in a world in my mind comprised of anything I
thought of – my second-grade teacher could attest to this. I expressed my creativity and vision by
building with anything I could get my hands on, to which my mother pushed me in the direction
of playing with Legos – something I still do to this day. This is what also drove me to study
mechanical engineering. Although a large portion of my imaginary world was based on the
realities I have experienced, there were some things about reality that seemed lackluster. This is
where I somewhat developed my quietness and introverted nature – because I would just sit in
silence comparing the world I had imagined to the world I was physically living in. Leaving
others to pick up on this as well.

I also agree with and believe that some of the commonly associated attributes with
individuals with an INTP personality fit myself – such as “is strong in strategy, has strongly
defined interests, enjoys working on a technical level, prefers the world of ideas and analysis,
and enjoys designing complex systems” (Jung). But, I also agree with and believe the statements
or attributes associated with working on a team with the INTP personality type fit me very well
too. For example, “uses logic and reason to support conclusions, works alone to achieve the
group project and goals, and naturally becomes the expert resource on a problem that others
consult with”. I believe in having a team comprised of many individuals who each is a master of
something different – resulting in a team with a diverse set of skills. I am utterly surprised that
this assessment both picked up on and analyzed this as well.

Once completing this assessment I surprisingly have nothing to disagree with. I feel as
though the results perfectly fit and define my personality, almost to a disturbing degree. The
attributes associated with the INTP personally have been things I have heard others assess and
state about me my whole life, so not only do I agree with the results but I am sure others do as
well. In regards to any surprising insights after taking the Jung assessment, I was first surprised
that there was a technical term for my type of personality. Secondly, I was mostly surprised by
the fact that it went into detail about how people with my type of personality type prefer to live
in their imaginations and how it can be translated into and understood by the real world. Surely, I
believed there were others like me – but not people who understood this level of detail.

My Jung and DISC assessment results are similar because they both identify and analyze
my abilities with remaining organized, strategic, and precise. While both assessment results
correctly analyzed these traits, I would lean towards the Jung assessment for being more fine-
tuned in its accuracy with its results. Additionally, I would say these assessment results are
similar in their analysis of how I approach people. The Jung assessment depicts me as the type of
person who works alone with the common interest of the group and becomes a resource for the
team. In comparison, the DISC assessment which depicts me as a specialist, objective thinker,
and individualist – which fits the results of the Yung assessment rather closely.

Conclusion
To conclude, this pearl diving assignment truly allowed me to reflect on both personal
and professional aspects of myself. From gaining a better understanding of my personality and
how it impacts the way I think to methods to help improve the way in which I communicate with
others, to ultimately become an effective communicator. The readings provided me with not only
insight but techniques and methodologies to become an effective communicator such as
practicing good body language and utilizing my nervousness about public peaking to my
advantage. Additionally, the readings and lectures helped me to identify what makes an effective
communicator through key attributes such as conciseness and confidence. The assessments
themselves I found to be rather accurate in their identifications and analyses of my personality
type. As there were similarities between these assessments, this further proved how accurate they
were, prompting me to agree with them. I especially agreed with the Jung personality assessment
with its evaluation of how an Introvert-iNtuitive-Thinker-Perceiver, like myself, reacts in
varying social and professional situations. Overall, this was a very intuitive and eye-opening
assignment that I am glad to have completed.
Works Cited
Faulkner, Michael, and Andrea Nierenberg. Networking for College Students and Gradates.
Pearson Learning Solutions, 2017. Print.

Gallo, Carmine. Five Stars the Communication Secrets to Get from Good to Great. St. Martin’s
Press, 2018. Print.

O’Hair, Dan, and Hannah Rubenstein and Rob Stewart. A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking.
Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2019. Print.

Patterson, Kerry, and Joseph Grenny and Ron McMillan and Al Switzler. Crucial
Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes Are High, Second Edition. McGraw-Hill
Education, 2011. Print

The World of Work Project. “Mehrabian's 7-38-55 Communication Model: It's More than
Words.” The World of Work Project, 26 July 2021,
https://worldofwork.io/2019/07/mehrabians-7-38-55-communication-
model/#:~:text=Albert%20Mehrabian's%207%2D38%2D55,the%20body%20language%
20we%20use%20

“DISC Personality Test.” 123test, 15 Apr. 2022, https://www.123test.com/disc-personality-test/

Adkins, Reginald. “Conflict Management Styles Assessment.” Free Assessments | The Blake
Group, Elemental Truths, http://www.blake-group.com/free-assessments

Jung, Carl Gustav. “Jung Personality Test.” 123test, https://www.123test.com/jung-personality-

test/

“Webster Definition & Meaning.” Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster,

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/webster
 Assessment Results
1. DISC Personality Assessment Results
2. Conflict Management Styles Assessment Results
3. Jung Personality Assessment
1. DISC Personality Assessment Results
Your DISC Personality Report

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Introduction
Your specific distribution of scores on the DISC personality test is an indication of your unique personality. You can

think of this as your DISC Personality 'DNA'.

In the pie chart below you see your distribution of scores.

The highest percentage is likely to be your most dominant personality factor, the second highest your next most

dominant personality factor and so on. As such for you the DISC factors are ordered as: Compliance, Steadiness,

Dominance, Influence.
DISC Personality Model
To help you understand the DISC model of personality here are definitions of the four factors measured.

Dominance Describes the way you deal with problems, assert yourself and control situations.

Describes the way you deal with people, the way you communicate and relate to
Influence
others.

Steadiness Describes your temperament - patience, persistence, and thoughtfulness

Describes how you approach and organize your activity, procedures and
Compliance
responsibilities.

Your DISC personality type

Your unique sequence of scores characterizes you in a specific way. The positive impact you are likely to make on

people is:

You are conscientious, diligent and pay attention to detail. You constantly
strive for accuracy and high standards.
You have an inner drive to be
 systematic and precise in all that you do. You are a natural choice for work
that requires attention to detail and accuracy.

DISC Patterns or Profiles

As you will appreciate, there are literally thousands of different combinations of scores. Therefore to help

interpretation, communication and understanding, DISC Personality Model experts have defined - through statistical

analysis of the score combinations - fifteen DISC 'Patterns' or 'Profiles'.

The 'Profiles' are often given names. The objective of these names is to give a single descriptive term that captures

the essence of that Profile. Names often used are Achiever, Coach, Evaluator, Counselor, Creator, Individualist,

Inspirational, Investigator, Objective Thinker, Perfectionist, Persuader, Practitioner, Enthusiast, Results-Oriented or

Specialist

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2. Conflict Management Styles Assessment Results
 Conflict Management Styles Assessment
Please CIRCLE ONE response that best describes you. Be honest, this survey is designed to help you
learn about your conflict management style. There are no right or wrong answers!

Name ________________________ Date _____________________

MiKaila Esuke 06.10.2022

Rarely Sometimes Often Always

1. I discuss issues with others to try to find solutions that meet everyone’s
1 2 3 4
needs.

2. I try to negotiate and use a give-and-take approach to problem situations. 1 2 3 4

3. I try to meet the expectations of others. 1 2 3 4

4. I would argue my case and insist on the advantages of my point of view. 1 2 3 4

5. When there is a disagreement, I gather as much information as I can and

1 2 3 4
keep the lines of communication open.
6. When I find myself in an argument, I usually say very little and try to leave
1 2 3 4
as soon as possible.
7. I try to see conflicts from both sides. What do I need? What does the other
1 2 3 4
person need? What are the issues involved?

8. I prefer to compromise when solving problems and just move on. 1 2 3 4

9. I find conflicts exhilarating; I enjoy the battle of wits that usually follows. 1 2 3 4

10. Being in a disagreement with other people makes me feel uncomfortable

1 2 3 4
and anxious.

11. I try to meet the wishes of my friends and family. 1 2 3 4

12. I can figure out what needs to be done and I am usually right. 1 2 3 4

13. To break deadlocks, I would meet people halfway. 1 2 3 4

14. I may not get what I want but it’s a small price to pay for keeping the
1 2 3 4
peace.

15. I avoid hard feelings by keeping my disagreements with others to myself. 1 2 3 4

Source: Reginald (Reg) Adkins, Ph.D., Elemental Truths. http://elementaltruths.blogspot.com/2006/11/conflict-

management-quiz.html
 Scoring the Conflict Management Styles Assessment

As stated, the 15 statements correspond to the five conflict management styles. To find your
most preferred style, total the points for each style. The style with the highest score indicates
your most commonly used strategy. The one with the lowest score indicates your least
preferred strategy. However, all styles have pros and cons, so it’s important that you can use
the most appropriate style for each conflict situation.

Style Corresponding Statements: Total:

Collaborating (questions 1, 5, 7): 12

_______

Competing: (questions 4, 9, 12): 5

_______

Avoiding: (questions 6, 10, 15): 1

_______

Accommodating: (questions 3, 11, 14): 9

_______

Compromising: (questions 2, 8, 13) 10

_______

My preferred conflict management style is: _______________________________

Collaborating

The conflict management style I would like to work on is: ____________________

accomodating

How can I practice this conflict management style?

___________________________________________________________________
Through firstly working with others to assure that any tensions
___________________________________________________________________
resultingfrom the conflict are mediated collaborating
___________________________________________________________________
andby making considering sacrificesto my own goals in order to
___________________________________________________________________
achieve a commonoutcome goal compromising seemainessayformoredetails
 Brief Descriptions of the Five Conflict Management Styles
Keep in mind that one style of conflict management is not necessarily better than another; each
style has pros and cons, and each can be useful depending on the situation. This assessment is
intended to help you identify your typical response to conflict, with the goal that when you
encounter future conflicts, you will be aware of not only your instinctive reaction, but also the
pros and cons of that reaction for the specific situation. Furthermore, you will also be aware of
the other styles of conflict management that you could draw on to resolve the situation, if one
of the other styles is more appropriate for the current situation.

Owl Collaborating
Owls highly value both their goals and their relationships. They view conflict as a
problem to be solved and seek a solution that achieves both their goals and the goals
of the other person. Owls see conflicts as a means of improving relationships by reducing
tensions between two persons. They try to begin a discussion that identifies the conflict as a
problem, and strive to resolve tensions and maintain the relationship by seeking solutions that
satisfy both themselves and the other person.
Turtle Avoiding
Turtles tend to value avoiding confrontation more than either their goals or
relationships. They often find it easier to withdraw from a conflict than to face it. This might
even include completely giving up relationships or goals that are associated with the conflict.
Shark Competing
Sharks typically value their goals over relationships, meaning that if forced to
choose, they would seek to achieve their goals even at the cost of the relationship
involved. Sharks are typically more concerned with accomplishing their goals than with being
liked by others. They might try to force opponents to accept their solution to the conflict by
overpowering them.
Teddy Bear Accommodating
Teddy Bears typically value relationships over their own goals; if forced to choose,
Teddy Bears will often sacrifice their goals in order to maintain relationships. Teddy
Bears generally want to be liked by others, and prefer to avoid conflict because they believe
addressing it will damage relationships. Teddy Bears try to smooth over conflict to prevent
damage to the relationship.
Fox Compromising
Foxes are moderately concerned with both their goals and their relationships with
others. Foxes typically seek a compromise; they give up part of their goals and
persuade the other person in a conflict to give up part of their goals. They seek a conflict
solution in which both sides gain something; the middle ground between two extreme
positions. They are willing to sacrifice part of their goals in order to find agreement for the
common good.
Adapted from: Conflict Management Styles Descriptions. Docstoc, http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/47081621.png
3. Jung Personality Assessment
Report information

Gender: Female
Age: 20

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What makes you different?
This free report describes how you prefer to: deal with and relate to people, process
information, make decisions and organize your life. It gives you a good overview of
your personality and behavior. You can use this information to assess how well your
personality might fit a potential employer or type of job.
 Your Jung personality type
The descriptions you chose about your behavior indicate
that the Personality Type that most accurately describes you is:
Introvert-
iNtuitive-Thinker-Perceiver

Introverts tend to be reflective, reserved and private. A popular

misconception is that Introverts are shy - this is not necessarily so. They
draw their energy from their own thoughts and the time they spend
alone. Introverts do not need people around them all the time.
iNtuitives pay more attention to information that is imaginative and
original. iNtuitives focus on the future.
Thinkers make decisions using logic and impersonal analysis. They think
with their heads rather than their hearts.
Perceivers prefer a lifestyle that is spontaneous, flexible and adaptable.
They like an environment that is unstructured, and like to keep their
options open.
An INTP at-a-glance
You are perhaps the most intellectually thoughtful of all the Personality Types. People
who know INTPs well describe them as innovative and ingenious. You live in a rich
internal world in your mind, which is full of imagination and excitement. As a
consequence, you may sometimes find the external world less interesting. This may
lead some people to see you as being rather understated and reserved.

Your distinguishing characteristics are imagination, originality, perceptiveness,

creativity and a delight in tackling the complex. You are interested in theorizing,
analyzing and learning. You thrive on exploring, understanding and explaining how the
world works.

Your logical, rational mind means that you are frequently one step ahead of others and
are usually considered to be intellectually superior. You are strongly motivated to
challenge yourself to pursue and acquire excellence. You tend to be somewhat
skeptical and are orientated towards the future rather than the past.
Every Jung
Personality type has one or two specific nicknames that concisely describe your Jung
personality type, e.g. Inventor, Strategist, Protector and others.
Your probable contributions to an organization
Each Personality Type has a different set of skills, talents and attributes that they bring
to an organization, group or relationship. Here is a list of those most commonly
associated with Personality Types like you - INTP.

Seeks to continually acquire new knowledge and competencies.

Uses systematic intellectual precision and expertise to tackle problems.
Has strongly defined interests and enjoys working on a technical level.
Is strong in strategy.
Prefers the world of ideas and analysis and enjoys designing complex systems.
On a team
Some people work well on teams, others work best
on their own. Understanding the personality types
of team members provides information about how
individuals are likely to carry out their work and
interact with each other. Given your personality
preferences, the following are the strengths (and
possible weaknesses!) you will most likely bring to
a team:

Naturally becomes the expert resource on a problem that others consult with.
Works alone to achieve the group project and goals.
Brings both a critical vision and precise rational understanding to the team.
Uses logic and reason to support conclusions.
Offers insightful conclusions that result from an intense, internal rational process.

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