MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

THE INTERNET

Compiled by Dr. Jennifer W, PhD, PMP® for Online Training

 Learning Objectives
At the end of this lecture, you should be able to:
• Distinguish between world wide web and internet system
• Explain various internet technology and its capabilities
• Describe various internet and website applications to
modern society
• Distinguish between intranet and extranet
• Discuss some of the benefits of internet to an organization.
 What is Internet?
The Internet is a global information network that connects
millions of computers It is growing exponentially and provides a
unique information resource that is global, diverse and current.
 Father of internet
• Father of Internet! Vint Cerf.
• Cerf is the co-designer of the TCP/IP protocols and
the architecture of the Internet.
 History of Internet
• The Internet or “Net” (network of networks) is the largest computer
network in the world that connects billions of computer users.
• The word internet comes from combination between “interconnection”
and “Network”
• Network is a collection of computers and devices connected via
communication channels and transmission media allow to share
resources (hardware, software, data, information).
• Generally nobody own internet.
• The vast collection of computer networks which form and act as a single
huge networks for transport of data and messages across distances
which can be anywhere from the same office to anywhere in the world
 Internet in the 1950’s
• The Internet has no single “inventor.” Instead, it has evolved over
time.
• The Internet got its start in the United States more than 50 years
ago as a government weapon in the Cold War.
• Scientists and researchers used it to communicate and share data
with one another through what was known as DARPNET(Defense’s
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network).
• This was in response to the Soviet Union bombings and a need to
create a communication network which was free from interference
and disruption.
 Internet in the 1960’s
• In 1962, a scientist from M.I.T. and DARPA named J.C.R. Licklider proposed : a
“galactic network” of computers that could talk to one another. Such a network
would enable government leaders to communicate even if the Soviets destroyed
the telephone system.
• In 1965, another M.I.T. scientist developed a way of sending information from one
computer to another that he called “packet switching.” Packet switching breaks
data down into blocks, or packets, before sending it to its destination.
• Without packet switching, the government’s computer network—now known as
the ARPANET—would have been just as vulnerable to enemy attacks as the
phone system.
• In 1969, ARPANET delivered its first message: a “node-to-node” communication
from one computer to another but it crashed the full network. The internet was yet
to be born
 Internet in the 1970’s
• By the end of 1969, just four computers were connected to the ARPANET, but the network grew
steadily during the 1970s.
• As packet-switched computer networks multiplied, however, it became more difficult for them to
integrate into a single worldwide “Internet.”
• By the end of the 1970s, a computer scientist named Vinton Cerf had begun to solve this problem
by developing a way for all of the computers on all of the world’s mini-networks to communicate
with one another.
• He called his invention “Transmission Control Protocol,” or TCP. (Later, he added an additional
protocol, known as “Internet Protocol.” The acronym we use to refer to these today is TCP/IP.)
• TCP/IP was described to be the “handshake” between computers all over the world. It enabled
each computer to have its own identity.
 Internet in the 1980’s
• Cerf’s protocol transformed the Internet into a
worldwide network. Throughout the 1980s,
researchers and scientists used it to send files and
data from one computer to another.
• However, this network was still between scientists
and researchers from different universities and labs.
 Internet in the 1990’s
• However, in 1991 the Internet changed again.
• Tim Berners-Lee introduced the World Wide Web: an Internet that was not simply a way to send files from one
place to another but was itself a “web” of information that anyone on the Internet could retrieve.
• Berners-Lee created the first browser and the Internet that we know today.
• In 1992, a group of students and researchers at the University of Illinois developed a sophisticated browser
that they called Mosaic. (It later became Netscape.)
• Mosaic offered a user-friendly way to search the Web: It allowed users to see words and pictures on the same
page for the first time and to navigate using scrollbars and clickable links.
• That same year, Congress decided that the Web could be used for commercial purposes. As a result,
companies of all kinds hurried to set up websites of their own, and e-commerce entrepreneurs began to use
the Internet to sell goods directly to customers.
• More recently, social networking sites like Facebook have become a popular way for people of all ages to stay
connected.
 Internet technology and capabilities
• Started in the US department of defense to link scientists and university
professors around the world.
• Internet cost a fee to connect. This is done via Internet service providers(ISP) who
offer permanent connectivity to organization Or temporal subscriptions to users!
• No ones owns internet
• It uses client server model technology where users connect to the server via the
web browser.
• Internet is a global linkages of computers and associated components and
services made up of webservers developed using various programing languages
such as PHP, C#, scripting languages and databases such as MySQL, Oracle and
SQL.
• Companies make Websites and host the in the internet using webhosting
companies!.
 Uses of internet
• Email(Electronic Mail): Enable collaboration, sharing of information and documents world
wide.
• Usenet Newsgroups (Forums): Discussion groups that allow sharing of information and
ideas.
• Listserv: Allow sharing of information via mailing list!
• Chatting: Instant messaging via chat applications
• Telnet: Allow connectivity to remote systems whole still working on your computer.
• Teleconferencing, Data conferencing and Videoconferencing: Allows a group
of people to confer simultaneously via telephone or via electronic-mail group’s
communications
software sharing same documents or data via voice or video call!
• Ecommerce: Allow use of electronic data interchange (EDI) to buying and selling goods and
services online via the world wide web.!
• Groupware: Allow groups and teams to collaborate e.g. Engineers using Electronic
communication tools, Emails, voice mail, web sites to share information.(data, text, voice,
or multimedia over the Internet, intranets, extranets, and other computer networks).
 Benefits and drawbacks of E-commerce
Benefits:
• Low Financial Cost: increased speed, easy to access, automated transactions, saves cost of Rent, printing.
• Sell Internationally: No boundaries, sell globally!
• 24/7 Potential Income: Operated day and night!
• Easy to Showcase Bestsellers: Let customer know what is moving fast!
• Personalized Online Experience: Can have your personalized page! Segment what you purchase!
• Easier to Encourage Impulse Buy: Customers can but without plans when they see goods!
• Easy to Retarget or Remarket to Customer: Adjustment can be made easily based on customer experience
• Able to Process a High Number of Orders: Can serve many customers.
• Can Scale Business Quickly: Depending on customer needs.
Drawbacks:
• No One Can Buy During a Site Crash: once sire goes down, no one can buy.
• Customers Can’t Try Before They Buy
• Ecommerce Is Highly Competitive: One need to get the right products and services!
• Customers Can Be Impatient: especially waiting for inquiries!
• You Need to Ship Your Products: Need to consider shipping times and shipping companies!
• Physical Retail Is Still More Popular Despite Decline: Majority still prefer physical shopping.
 Electronic Conferencing Tools
• Data Conferencing
• Voice Conferencing
• Videoconferencing
• Discussion Forums
• Chat Systems: E.g. Google hangouts
• Electronic Meeting Systems: E.g. Google meet
 Collaborative Work Management Tools
Help groups of people to achieve joint work activities
• Calendaring and Scheduling: schedule meetings, tasks, events,
members notification and reminders
• Task and Project Management: Allow schedule, tracking and
monitoring of project status.
• Workflow Systems : Enable groups of people to manage and
accomplish structured work with process flow!
• Knowledge Management: Organizing, managing and sharing
diverse information stored in document libraries.
 INTRANETS AND EXTRANETS
Intranet:
• Internal corporate network built using Internet and
World Wide Web standards and products
• Slashes the need for paper
• Provides employees with an easy and intuitive
approach to access information that was previously
difficult to obtain.
• Accessed only by authorized persons, especially
members or employees of the organization
Example of Intranet
 Extranet
• A network that links selected resources of the
intranet of a company with its customers,
suppliers, or other business partners.
 Benefits of Internet to an organization
Benefits are many depending on an organization
• Ability to Communicate More Easily and Rapidly.
• Information Sharing Made Faster.
• Latest Marketing Approaches to Reach More Customers.
• 24/7 Customer Support
• Work from home, collaboration, and access to a global
workforce
 Disadvantages of Internet
• Spamming
• Malware threats
• Virus attacks
• Social isolation
• Addiction: online gaming, social network
• Identity theft
• Health issues and obesity
• Pornographic and violent images
 Summary
• History of Internet
• Technologies and tools and using internet
• Intranet and Extranet
• Benefits and drawbacks of the internet.