Dr. Rubeena Gul Associate Prof Community Medicine Department ‘Scanned with CamScannerstory Of Ergonomics eazini's study of i Poor posture &p po effects of Orly designed too} health of Worker. IS On the OR SH 7 AFTER BEFORE ‘Scanned with CamScannerContg Mazzini j 1700's Wrot m “Manifold j © harvest Of diseases feaped by ftsma ~~ AS the. cay; SSign certain Violent ang ‘regular Moti id un atural p tures, Natural Structur of -- by which... th le SO impaireg that Ng Machine is Serious diseases Gradually devel is ° Ramazinni 1772 “Certain violent ang irregular Motions and Unnatural Postures of the body (affect) the Natural structure, is so impaired th at serious, disease gradually deve - (and it) lops.” ‘Scanned with CamScanner. Understang the Significance of €"gonomics in Work Place . Prevention Of work related injuries Scanned with CamScannerSe Ergonomics ° Ergonomics: is deriveg from two Greek Words Nomoj" mea ning Natural laws “Ergon” mea ning work Ergonomics = The Laws Of Work Scanned with CamScannera Definitions Ss €rgonomics as the Science of © job to fit the Worker, instead of © Worker to fit the Job,” ° QSHA define Signing th forcing th ° Ergonomics is an interdisciplinary approach toward adapting h ade environment 7 Scanned with CamScanneri Definitions ics ig the Study of the relationship tween the emp) ) Ovee and the work Place. It is 9 body of knowle. SE Whose 90al is to Maintain a healthy “User friendly” €nVironment of Safety and etter the fit the hi Worker effi y 7 Scanned with CamScannerPOUNDS oF COMPRESSIVE FORCE ON LOWER BACK < Risk of injury ih Moderate low Sting. leanag forward ord Ming Ts ose ah 2 ° a ack ver back i . HNSHAcademy ‘Seanned with CamScanner9Onomics Does P easonable! Workin 9 Conditions that do © Known dangers to h uman life or health, ° Promotes Physical, mental, and social health and well-being. Scanned with CamScannerBenefits of Ergonomics ‘Scanned with CamScannerMore pleasant b Mental stress. Saves money $3§ ‘Scanned with CamScannerFacts And Figures > According to WHO * In 1997 Work re| 275,000 cae ated ™USCuloskeleta| d * Carpal Tun isorders Teached nel Syndrome com; Workplace ties Prises almost 13% of all Every year. = Approximately 260,000 cTs Operations are Performed €ach year, of which 47% are considered to be work- related. f the Persons with Musculoskeleta Some degree of limitation on activ In 2001, 34% of all Work-related injuries report Ergonomics related injuries (Bureau of Labor * 62% o | disorders report ity. ed were Statistics) Scanned with CamScannerSprains, strains. contusions Fractures Heat burns Carpaltunnel syndrome SSS Tendonitis Chemical bums Amputations Multiple waumatic injuries ‘Scanned with CamScannerMore about Sprains, Strail the injuries... INS, ani d tears Or over 75.8% of the accounted musculoskeletal disorders that ] q Doulted In days away from work in Carpal Ture! Syndrome accounted for Over 4.6% of t! he musculoskeletal disorders that resulted in days away from Work in 2002, Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2002 ‘Scanned with CamScanner— Ergonomic Relateg In MSD's (Musculoskeletal disorders) * MSDs are not Usually Caused by acut °Ccur slo WIy over time due to repeti Soft tissues. MSD's Can affect Muscles, tendons, ligaments, Nerves, joints and spinal disks. Ds can happen to Anyone from offi Ce Workers and industrial employees to athletes, juries e trauma, but tive injuries to the oO Scanned with CamScannerConta (Epicondytitisy Low Back Carpar 8 Tunnet Syndrome Carpet Layers Knee (Bursitis) ‘Scanned with CamScannerWork-Relateg MSDs ‘Used or made worse by work Methods and environment. They occur ee the Physical Capabilities of the worker do Not match the ments of the job. * Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, * Neck and Back injuries . Strains/Sprains . Tendonitis, * Epicondylitis (Tennis or Golfer's Elbow), Trigger Finger, Bursitis, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ‘Scanned with CamScanner* Repetitive Stral ° Repetitive * Cumulative ° Overuse Sy * Activity- in or Stress Injury (Rs| lotion Injury (RMI) Trauma Disorder ( Ndrome Telated Pain Syndrome ° Ergonomics can hel Caused or aggravate CTD) P prevent MSDs that are d by working conditions ‘Scanned with CamScannerRis& Of Injury imcreases wit: - ENGES e>pceure 49 any of these eegore: Frenence of multipin nak tyctors arm ee ak famore ple job saek ‘Scanned with CamScannerTepetition of Movements can irritate tendons and increase Pressure on nerves ‘Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannercontra Muscles to their maximum capabili Which can lead to fatigue and Possible damage to the Muscles ang other tissues. ‘Scanned with CamScannerPulling with More than 20 pounds Of initial force for more than 2 hours Per day. * Gripping an u Per day . * Pinching (pencil ‘ype grip) an unsupported Object for more than 2 hours Per day. Nsupported Object for more than 2 hours ‘Scanned with CamScanner‘Scanned with CamScannerVibration - Whole Body I : > hp 3s Co Sr psu cs, eS SEB tom vices ° Whole Body Vibration from driving Puts stress on the Spinal tissueg' High or Prolonged ex Posure to whole body vibration can affect the skeletal muscles and cause low- back pain ——————_—_— ‘Scanned with CamScannerCompres on = between the bone Soft tissue ig Compresseg and a hard Or shal TP object trate force on small areas of the ody, reduce blood fi Ind nerve transmission ind da: heaths. sharp - rests her nomic Improvement: Worker rests Before: Worker rests his wrists on the Ergo oy tray edges. His wrist is extended re a cao aad st into a non-neutral posture, eo ‘Scanned with CamScanner. Environmental Conditions Such as extreme heat OF cold can place Stress on tissues. * Extreme Cold constricts blood vessels and reduces Sensitivity ang Coordination of body parts. ° Excessive heat can result in increased fatigue and heat Stress. ‘Scanned with CamScannerCola Temperatures . Working in ©nVironments below degrees can Cause nerve damage. Working in cold temperatures can adversely affect a Worker's Coordination ang Manual dexterity and Cause a worker to use more force than is required to Perform ps rrN and a| anxiety Can e Possibility Of de veloping a Msp, eS can Create j 'Ncreased | sion and 'educe a Person's awareness iq ‘Scanned with CamScannerOffice Er . By 8Pplying Ergonomic Principles to theo "SK factors JOnomics ° The Workstation must be adjusted to Promote a neutral Position while a Person works. ‘Scanned with CamScanner‘Scanned with CamScanner‘Scanned with CamScanner—— Industria} E * By applying « 4 Safer, healt ©nvironment Tgonomics Tgonomic Principles in industrial set hier and More producti ttings, Ve Work fan be developed ‘Scanned with CamScannerEngineering Techniques . Engineering techniques are the Preferreg Mechanism for Controlling Ergonomic hazards. This May entail redesigning the Work station, work Methods, and tools to reduce the demands of the job, such as exertion, repetition, and awkward Positions. ‘Scanned with CamScannerWork Station p * Workstations Shall be e: worker Performing the t esign ‘asily adjustable to accommodate the lasks, ‘Scanned with CamScanner° Training Personnel to Use APpropriat late wo when engin: Methods Reering controls are Not feasible Trainin, method: Limiting ¢ extei 19 pWworkers:| in work Nded work hours, Providing mini-breaks, ‘Scanned with CamScannerWork Smarter, No * Work in neutral Postures * Reduce excessive force & repetition * Keep everything in ©asy reach and at Proper heights * Keep warm ° Minimize static unsupported Postures and pressure points t Harder! ® Use proper lifting techniques and lift aides ® Ask for assistance with difficult tasks = Take micro-breaks (stand, stretch, change tasks) = Maintain a comfortable environment ‘Scanned with CamScannerrkstation 2 (Cornett University) pay | .. Take frequent short breaks Usea Good ch: back and Sit back Top of monitor casing 2.3" ‘eye level No. ‘glare on, Screen, use an optical Glass | anti-glare filter where needed Sit at arms. length fror Feet on floor or Stabl Use a document hol in-line with the ‘coms Wrists flat and st forearms to use device Arms and elbows relaxed close to body. Center monitor and keyboard in front cf | you with a dynamic chair in this s (68 em) mM monitor | le footrest Ider, preferably puter screen, raight in relation to keyboard/mouse/input . Use a negative tlt keyboard tray with an upper mouse platform or downward | tilt able platform adjacent to keyboard Use a stable work surface and stable | (no bounce) keyboard tray (microbreaks) ‘Scanned with CamScannerTilt the Work surface instead of the a Stand with Weight evenly distributed F between feet, When Standing for long [ey Periods of time, rest one foot ona Sturdy object above floor height and switch legs periodically ‘Scanned with CamScannerBend the tool, not the wrist. Use tools that distribute pressure evenly across the palm. ‘Scanned with CamScannerwd 4 6 e 3 a 5 5 6 Z 2 5 < u o ae} vg eS a o a y ‘Scanned with CamScannerWhen possible, avoid squatting Better . . Use tools or extensions that allow you to stand upright Consider using a long handle to ‘Scanned with CamScannerN loderate to Hi igh Hand - Am Vj ibration Better. . Y Use low vibration tools if available v Take frequent Pauses Y Stretch your hands and arms AGc= ‘Scanned with CamScannerLifting * Size Up the load * If too heavy for one person, get help! * Lift together or use mechanical assistance ‘Scanned with CamScannerae ‘Scanned with CamScanner| | | | ) | Use your legs and tighten abdominal muscles Has potential for straining arm, shoulder and neck muscles ‘Scanned with CamScanner