1.

a. Article Title:Teaching English in Ghanaian Schools: Where is the Grammar?

b. Journal name and edition: International Journal of Educational Sciences volume 5,20113

c. Author(s):john kumah quagei

d.research objective(s):to discover that the grammar of English as a second language should be taught in
English second language classrooms so that some complex grammatical issues such as students’ poor
knowledge about word classes, subject-verb agreement – concord, mechanics of writing, confusion with
the use of the relative clause, challenges with modifiers, etc.

e. Research method:Textual analysis approach is used to analyse grammatical structures from selected
Ghanaian newspapers - Daily Graphic and The Daily Guide

f. Research site/location: ghanaian schools

g. Research subject/participant: students and teachers in ghana

h. Research finding(s):the paper seeks to argue that until the challenges as mentioned above are dealt
with in English grammar as a second language, both students and teachers, especially in Ghanaian
schools, cannot be comfortable with the use of the language

2.

a. Article Title:The impact of TOEFL scores on placement and performance of international students in
the initial graduate accounting class

b. Journal name and edition: Accounting Education volume 14,2005

c. Author(s):Dr Joshua Krausz, Allen Schiff, Jonathan Schiff & Dr Joan Van Hise

d. Research objective(s):to discover the relationship between performance in the initial required
graduate financial accounting class and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) scores for a
sample of international MBA students.

e. Research method: analyzed the previous studeis

f. Research site/location:united States

g. Research subject/participant: united States student

h. Research finding(s):The results show that TOEFL scores are not associated with superior performance
in graduate accounting for the international students

3.

a. Article Title:Teaching Grammar and Testing Grammar in the English Primary School: The Impact on
Teachers and their Teaching of the Grammar Element of the Statutory Test in Spelling, Punctuation and
Grammar (SPaG)

b. Journal name and edition:Changing English-studie in culture and education volume 23, 2016

c. Author(s):Kimberly safford

d. Research objective(s): to discover the impact on teachers of the grammar element of a new statutory
test in Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar (SPaG) in primary schools in England.

e. Research method:The research sought to learn the perspectives of teachers as they adjusted to new
English assessments and new expectations for children’s language in the primary school.

f. Research site/location: england

g. Research subject/participant: teachers

h. Research finding(s):(1) since the introduction of the statutory SPaG test in primary schools, time spent
teaching decontextualised and contextualised grammar has increased significantly; (2) grammar is now
taught explicitly and formally as a classroom literacy routine; (3) the test format influences grammar
teaching content and approaches; (4) teachers observe that pupils enjoy learning grammar and taking
the test;