Beco 7% CENGAGE rr ie EXAM ESSENTIALS PRACTICE TESTS Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) NANO C=] Brand new tests for the 2015 exam specifications DS [ees eContents Section age Exam overview Introduction DVD-ROM introduction Test 1 with guidance Test 2 with guidance Test 3 with guidance Test 4 Test 5 Test 6 Test 7 Test 8 ‘Sample answer sheets Materials for Paper 4 Writing bank Glossary Audio scripts. Answer key 10 2 128 147 166 169 193 206 27 233‘CAMaROGE ENGLISH: ADVANCED ‘Paper 1: READING AND USE OF ENGLISH (1 nour 20 mines) umber of fe questions ‘Task format e Tey word wanatormatons ' UTE scue gemma and vocabulary 7 ‘Snenee tang the tey word at TA matiplecnoie core ext wih ght gaps, ‘lowed by ooh ouropton avenions ‘A modi ie wxt with gh gape which you ‘witnine eopreprite word ‘teat with eight apa Vou are salad fo comple ‘tha txt by mating an approorate word trom the ‘nord oramot you ee ive foreach goo. Th tas consist fsa discrete tay word | transformations, You ae sted to compte @ | | Semen which meane the same a he given "You anawar sx four aption mulipie choice | questions on a tent, "You read four sort tex by aifernt write ‘Sha simi topic ond wih 6 sir purpowe. You match er questions dlleret ents ‘torent sections ofa tax ‘Number of qventions Part compul 220-200 words sory. | You wie an essay based on «give ile nd accompanying eas. ncuding om = Stour own . al 2 | Questions 2-4 may inciude an | Vou have s dulce rom | You erry ou wit ask sri eee por. arevew ot |tvee toss poroprate sie and forme propose 220-260 wordsAndante Te oa cata oo | Sees A saning is vehing wearing Soantrs. You have i our option ‘mubiple choice questions, and eed 1 cide what he cored awe 0 Five sor monologues, aon smi ‘there’ You listen ance and match ‘och spencer to information rom 0 [beens on writen promot The aetna Vero roma candies goers oplaon ‘quetons reed tote Ope covered n Par. |Exam Essentials Practice Tests is series of materials Dublished by National Geographic Learning for students ‘breparing for the major EFLESL examinations: Cambridge English: First (FCE); Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE); ‘and_ International English Language Testing System UIELTS). Theo series is characterised by the close attention ‘each component pays to developing # detailed knowledge Of the shille and strategies needed for success in wach ‘paper or part of the exams. Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) Practice Tests helps learners become aware of te Cambridge Engiish: ‘Advanced (CAE) exam requirements, offers Getails sbout the format and language in the exam, and helps learners dovelop exam sills necessary for success. The Book also provides extensive practice n all parts of he exam. using the actual test format. Taking the Exam CCameridge English: Advanced is one of a series of five to. different + Cambridge English: Key (KET) CEFR Level AZ + Cambridge English: Preliminary (PET) CEFR Level B1 + Cambridge English: First (FCE) CEFR Level 82 ‘Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE} CEFR Level C1 + Cambridge English: Proficiency (CPE) CEFR Level C2 Cambridge English: Advanced is widely recognised by Loniversities and similar educational institutions, and In commerce end industry, 88 proof that the holder of this qualification can take 1 course of study in English at university level, and also carry out managerial and professional work atfectively. it can also be used as root of English sills when appiving for employment in English-speaking environments. ‘The exam can be taken on many dates during a year, and ean be taken on paper oF on 8 computer. It consists of tour Papers. . erence en vances es toto Paper 1 Reading and Use of English (1 hour 30 minutes) + Part 1 is a multiple-choice cloze task. You read 9 text with eight gaps. This is followed by eight four-option ‘muliple;choice questions. You need to complete each ‘980 with the correct option. Part 1 tests your knowledge ff vocabulary, including idioms, fixed phrases, phrasal ‘verbs, eollocations and shades of meaning. ‘Port 2 is an open cloze task. You read a text with sight ‘aps. You need to complete each gap with an appropriate word, Part 2 tests your knowledge of the structure of the Tanguage - grammar and some vocabulary. Ft 3 is 9 word formation task. You read a short text \with wight gaps. You need to complete each gap with ‘a0 appropriate word formed from prompt word in Capitals that appears to the right ofthe texton the same line a6 the gap. Part 3 tests your knowledge of how “words are formed from other words. ‘Part 4 consists of six sentences, each of which is followed by a word and a gapped sentence. You need to complete the gapped sentence s0 that ts meaning is the same as the first sontonce using three to six words, Including the word given. Part & tests your knowledge of vocabulary and grammar. *Part § consists of 9 ong text with six fouroption rmultiple-cholee questions. Part 5 tests your ability to read for detail, gist, opinion, attitude, purpose, implication and text organisation features such as reference and comparison + Part consists of four short texts written by four different people about the same subject, together with four ‘questions. The questions test your ability to understand the opinions and attitudes expressed in the texts and to identity when writers agree and disagree with each other. + Part 7 consists of» long text from which six paragraphs have been removed and placed in jumbled order ater the text You have to decide trom where in the text the parograohs have been removed. Part 7 tests your understanding of how a text is structured. Ft 8 consists of a long text with several sections ‘or several short texts. There are 10 questions which tequire you to decide which section of the long text or which short text each one refers 10. Part tests your ‘bility to read for specifi Information, detail, opinion ‘nd attitude,2 Writing (1 Now 30 minutes) “Pan 116 compulsory, You are require to wrt an essay Jn 220-260 words. Before you wit Your answer, You ‘rust re0d he inetuctons se well a a0 out to oF Jee Pur 1 focues on your sb to evaluate, express ‘prions, Pypodresse, te Persuasion is aways 3” Important element in you! wring Pa 1 ‘Thera ae the questions to choose trom in Pat 2. For ‘questions 2-4, you are requ fo wre an emilee ‘Sproposth a report ra review n 220-260 words. Pot 2 {cates on your abit to give opvons, pervade at. (we advice campare. es “Both pans of he Wirsing Paper test your aby to woe ‘tent eccording to iaructions in an appropiate style ‘and roger for a given purpose and tage rence Enectve tent orgnisaton,aceracy tnd 8 good range ‘ot vocalry ae also anporant Peper 3 Listening [approximately 40 minutes) ‘Part 1 consists of thee short monologues or tots Involving tnteracting course of action, general ist det we + Part 2 consist os ong monologoe. You are required to “omiete a 9h gapped sentones sth leroy ys hear on the recording, Each gap is completed by one, {ro ortnree word o a mumbec Pot? ants your sity ‘Sunder specie iarmotian and ated ooinon. Pat 3 conaits of test wolviog mtarcting speakers Nou are required to enewer six four option mune. hoicaueatons Pan tests Your abit te understan tittle ond opinion. “Par & consists of fve short monologues on » read ‘heme. There ne two tasks nthe per Btn Tass que you excosa Wom a lat of options the opinion ‘at each spear expresses. Pa 4 tests your sy to UUndartand git ste and main pot af tera context Paper 4 Speaking (approximately 18 minutes) ‘The Speaking Pacer ganeraty votes two cansiates tn too examiner + part youve ie convertion with the examines ‘ar tate your aby 9 give personel information and (it soca and interacona enguoge. Io Par 2 he namin’ givas you andthe cher conde Preparing for the exam tn preparing forthe four Papers. the folowing pains shouldbe taken nto secourt Reading and Use of English “To prapare forthe Use of English (Pars 1.2.3 and), you need to develop your awareness and use ofboth (rammatca svocures anc vocabulary. You eed to row ‘Row stares such ae voro forms, modol and aunty ‘orba pronouns proportions conjunctions. modibersand ‘Seterminarsareacerrety matty ol cierent yes ‘ftewt You nls need a good knowedge of vocabulary £0 ‘Sern whole phvoea rater han nna words in faoaion, ‘now words and phrases are used in combination wih ‘thor words, now worden have dierent maanings 058 (es, bee how citeren worcs canbe ford orm aot {hei to vend widely onda pay ation to gramme” ‘tnd vocabulry as you rad. Mate ute of itonaien 020 “rama boot exept wher deg theta) ard eveloe Smeticwnt system for recorsng tha maw vocabulary an ‘amma you encounter “To prepare othe Reading Pars 5.8.7 and 8 you shows fed om a range of materia! newspapers, mogacines [Serna novels wai. broenaes, te Whe you ren fay atenton to txt ergaraaton fates. a youre to Tecogrse the authors purpowe in writing and hex of her tone, andaarn to read betwee the Utes for whatis implied rather than stated explicitly. It is important to practise different reading strategies that can be used for different parts of the Reading Paper, for example for the main idea and gist, scanning to locate specific information or reading closely to determine the writer's precise meaning. Writing You need to be familier with all the text types you may be required to write in the exam. You should also be aware of the criteria that will be used in marking your texts + Has the candidate achieved the purpose stated in the instructions? * Does the text have @ positive general effect on the target reader? + Does the text cover all the content points? +ls the text organised effectively and sre ideas linked appropriately? + Has language been used accurately? + Does the text have 3 good range of vocabulary and grammatical features? + Is the register appropriate for the task? + Is the layout appropriate? Listening You should practise listening to wide variety of spoken English: announcements, speeches, lectures, talks, radio broadcasts, anecdotes, radio interviews, discussions, etc. You should aiso practise listening for different purposes: to understand gist, identify context or attitude or find specific information. Speaking You should practise speaking English as much as possible. It is important to master conversational skills such as turn taking and the appropriate way to participate in a discussion, giving full but natural answers to questions and requesting clarification. Further information can be obtained from the Cambridge English website: www.cambridgeenglish.org i Cambricige English: Advanced Tests introduction Practice Tests: contents Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) in the Exam Essentials Practice Tests series prepares candidates for the Cambridge English: Advanced examination by providing eight full practice tests, which accurately reflect the latest exam specifications. There are three guided tests at the beginning, which feature essential tips to practise exam strategy. These tips offer guidance and general strategies for approaching each task. Other tips offer advice relevant to specific questions in the guided tests. These guided tests will help students prepare for each paper, while the following five tests (without guidance) will offer students thorough practice at 2 realistic exam level. The DVD-ROM accompanying the book includes the audio materials for all the Listening Papers. These accurately reflect the exam in both style and content. Moreover, the audio materials for Tests 1 and 2 have been recorded with the repetitions and full pauses, exactly as in the exam itself. A writing bank includes sample answers for the kinds ‘of tasks that occur in Paper 2 (Writing), writing tips in the form of notes and useful phrases for the different tesk types. Varied visual materials for Paper 4 (Speaking) have aiso been included, while a language bank supplies useful phrases and expressions for use in the Speaking Paper. There is also glossary for each test, explaining vocabulary that is likely to be unfamiliar to student: Clear and straightforward design simplifies use of the book, Exam overview tables ensure that key information is readily accessible, while a specially designed menu makes it easy to navigate through the different parts and papers of each practice test. You will find sample exam answer sheets on pages 166-168 which you can photocopy and use to note down your answers. These will help you practise using the answer sheets you will be given in the real exam. For more practice, there is also an additional book of tests for this exam: Exam Essentials Practice Tests 1 Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE).pes ‘Thi ston of Exam Easonisfor rtuderts of Cambridge Engish: Advanced CAE] includes a brand pew DVD ROM ‘whe Yocunes on the Spsouing test comanent of the ‘Cambridge Engian: Advenced examination. The OVO- [ROM includes tao videos A fut Cambedge English: Advanced Speaking test ‘acres appronimetey 15 inten in length Please ‘Rom tat she tterien shown com tis OVDROM The rle of he enamine ‘There are two examiner inthe est ro0m Examines 1h evonston ages te tanaites questors ard ais the tata. He oF she ea to kaep to very set mings Sra has a not to folow. Unser ped conversation of {Guessons are thraore not possible. Tha fo naure ‘heveocncarcieerecawor qual resent Examine? [the wasensr) does nt ually speak Inthe ts. ence {2lgret the candidates However Examiner? wil ake Seite Bath examiners give mars fo the condats een Pape Ae Fr ov ul ran ‘The timings ofthe tat Part nterviow 2 mines 2 minutes for groupe of ee! Par 2: Init long ten — ‘groupe of tree! Part 3: Collaborative task = 4 mites (8 minutes for (70.08 of ee) Part & Dacusion = § minute (8 minutes fr groupe of mints (6 mints for “The four pare ofthe vst ‘Pare: iter ~ this incadas growing the candate, Untroducing tne examiners ona genera questions ab ‘youre Par 2: nid long turn this involves taking about {ao outa! hee pctures and ay anwerng aston ‘shove your prin pictures ae hate has coker Par. 3:Colborative tsk - ii were both candidates Part & Discusson =the interlocutor lode dacuntion by asung cancicates questions. Canaiates exchange Information ena epnaons related 19h tpl in Par 3 How each pat othe ert should be answered ‘The viceo offers tbe for improving candigator performance iveach of he fur parts InPert 1 candiates ‘need to giveporsona formation ak abovt he resent ‘Greumtuneee, tat about past oxpeneneee end ure ‘lane ou wet expres opine. in Par 2, condistes feed 0 express toi opinions through comearng. Inypotesising and specule'ing on the peturee gen. Ih Par, candidates ned to work fogethr 19 exchange Tips and advice Fotowing the Spasking ‘es. there is 9 short cio to Supplement the speaking ts given in the book, inthis Secton wich i about five munctes Tong. sn examiner (ives rome pa and advice about how todo wel the mre Engh Advanced Speaking testCameras tt Aonones es BYOOM nranetion 1For questions 1-8, read the toxt below and decide which answer (A,B, C or D) best nae erie tt | fneach pap Toere tan example atthe begining ( ube s yaunny | E | Mak your anower on the separate mame sheet HOER 4 Soeaing examote TA wet © view so ola Bec D A restaurant > ye tae manne Stane-hae: rents toad ‘Aa first (0) ........ Berlin's Sauvage restaurant ‘ooks much like many other feshioneble + aonebed meres. But ook way nd youl cover thet ofere wn unvauel experiance foomcnetoemane Priel or Stone-Age) ood ei te mene 00 10 ty Do our eh monMie Rosemae, ‘premestonc (3) who lived between two million and 200,000 years ago. The food 2 tha ana te mann ote Stone Age hunter gatherers ‘The restaurant's owners insist thet the Paiao diet (8) Comonoge Enis ASvances Test 1» BADER 1 Reading and Use of Engsn ¥» Par * Lenprocessed frit vegetables, maat, fan, e998, nute and seeds, but sugar, enact rice and iiry products are (4)... forbidden, a6 they were unavailable freater energy levels, ‘creased muscle mass and clearer skin “Many people thine ths dats just a passing fashion, but its 8 worid-wide (@)....' says one. Its probably strongest in the USA where thousands of people have apparently gone ‘Paleo’. One of the best-known people 10 (7) nun the caveman cuisine isthe veteran pop singer Tom Jones, who (8) on to have lost more than tan Kilo ahr watching tot. 1 A consisting —B starring © highlighting featuring 2 A based B nko © derived D inspired 3A founders originators. «—C encestors,§——.planaace 4A tighy B precisely Cenremely (Batty 5A brings about B sets up pulls out °°" follows with 6 A situation (B phenomenon circumstance incidant 7 A omar Bacco: © assume D exert 8A asserts B maintains claims D stovesPAPERS Ueminn PRoER & soeseng For quemions 9:18 ra the tet blow and kof te word which best he ch ‘Use ony one wars ech gap. Theres a samp tne beg ang 0 your ase IM CAPITAL LETTERS onthe spurte awe sheet eomote [STOTT ETC E Body language - do we really understand it? espapers azine «wali otha 1) ats tanavou in a night clas His manager mater pubic satarenin The ne a young man ‘innocent. When ae (9:2 ma i no sr, he ge Shek sme arn nthe eye wen ba 118 me Con we rx tow (i et sormone i ttn ne tah jay looking al ayaa? Peychologit Raber Jon sa (2) /omnen AB) Sa ae lar, maiming eve conc somath ng do bacaun ae mover ae ay easy contol’ * = Commursatars expe Becky Rhodes shoes sccticiim Body language cis are ‘never precing (M4: to aly on wih absohae confitencn’ she says She Hhusaras aby escrng Ma Orne arr, named) Shatasasre' rai character ‘to cara a ann cain him and ha tarps ar shod een (96.2.0 Porson the inte ae secur ged withing man 2 sho, | ta aang ay. $0 my by ngage teint aera he ath aon Essential tips 1 erates omnes an tt 1 Rane tt et pr oe 1 Moston penn grummatelmaroe Dace ch ype wesc ona ey isco eine te perp more at 1 Ihe unt ay ot res wl ft eae te pram eh ave {Don tn wo tb gtoed ba tr ira has Oe 1 Sent mya ng nee mt Fr same ry pe. gM sleeecshenrmasis ee Seon pm en nee mre mana 1 Tha nor yu shone mut naming tw wa hen You ‘SSnoce Soten tube whos riot unre oe ‘Queen 4 nate eons ets Nae Wh ne a ot 4 mpennen? ‘Geno 7 es te wie snr prs ao pro ona somme sy na Wah ee an Kam tn seen ‘Ont 12 Lt we tt ne renga. Tenet em telat ‘Retronge wat he when water a" omnes are or a ‘Geetan 12 Tas noon ae whch ear gee as Rt ve asa ‘eer co Wm Aowces Tet 4 YS PADRE Racing anus of Eagan »> pas? 18)For qventons 17-24 red the ext bao: Use the word given capt a the oe ear atthe began ie yout aveners BY CAPTAL LETTERS on the separate anewer sheet SER T wring pwetea samme |* So) | mane OMITTED) Fog catchers - a way of getting water into the desert Peas neon = tices spcane ner oncos Berner yal cone mse ean ann oye eae or Steet Reet commits hve toned encater” meng SD ale Sa ie Fa a NII, cs pettccreetrens re cees ton yroes re my aaa Foothas of the Andes mountains, 21) ‘a captured in 'erge, Moist ees Tepeeemeies | trv anv me Owen nn som ne rows bon Teenage | cemecan ike nares emanate PREROEME wecr van oundivcanom tome tienen | ere Sean tog ‘itr nt th Dy wl pnd cy va ae cet fesoe cal et aciew se coxpangoe sai ecto : = Sassen Van pantancey ARMac a cpa PES SEL wos nnn. "vt tia’ Pee ons sme $4 camenane then anc Te PAPER + Renin na Ue of gtsn > Pasor quan 2-90, complete he second setence that Na nar meaning Seeks enang {o1ha fee eentance ex te we gon De mat ange the word glen ou mat le between tee and at words ncucing ha nora pn Pareles eam xamote {© chloe woud ony et» pina she ould have a mysheoem topping. on Cee ‘+ ematracm topping when He hd as “The ov cn be ited wi be word sate on having Yn re Examote: [5 SISTED ON RAVING ‘rte ent the missing word IM CAPITAL LETTERS o the separ anmwr sheet 18 Pada ew voting to hot he te ie blr a ” 2 A. 128 Nail sac Mihae shou formally compln abut te serve hey ha at ‘Deron Fi on ane iaecdiaegl ns ahafasaaietale 22 Theta os donate 200 a eee ante faca dewatidlor yee sstadkiven t —— c= Sch Sind or we tin eto 2 Senny crevercents ree me meh ee han her ar oa] 1c bad y AUS Sethe ten baie 09 na potato ening, {20S ent on nly, ut Crmanaye igi hance TRAPS ABER Reaang and Uo RAN Poe 15‘g0ing to read a newspaper article. For questions 31-86, choose the answer (or D) which you think fits best according to the text TEST PAPER 2 Wetting PAPERS Ustenie Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. PAPER 4 Speaking es Birdwatching Bird expert Tim Birkhead looks at the fascinating subject of what we know or can know about birds. The sight of two lovebirds nibbling each other's necks is enough of a cliché that we barely give it a thought. These small parrots are called lovebirds because their closeness and mutual preening resemble affection. But what do they feel when they behave like that? Indeed, do they feel anything at all? Even asking the question seems wrong somehow, especially if you consider yourself an ethologist, a student of animal behaviour. The Nobel Prize winner, Niko Tinbergen. warned fellow ethologists to steer well cleer of feelings. ‘This is not the method we shall follow in our study of animal behaviour,” he announced in 1951. Like most ethologists, through much of my career | have hardly deviated from this hard-nosed approach. But every so often, Ihave seen something that simply wouldn't sit easily with it. When my boyhood birdwatching became an obsession rather than simply a hobby, my despairing father warned me that I'd never make a career out of it, but luckily | did. Birdwatching is the best possible training for studying animal behaviour; to study birds well, you have to almost think like a bird. | spent years on various remote islands watching those great seabirds, quillemots. Intensely social, guillemots live shoulder-to-shoulder in huge city-like colonies. Like us they form friendships and long-term pair bonds and, like lovebirds, they show their affection for their partners through mutual preening and striking greeting ceremonies. ‘Once as | watched, an incubating guillemot stood up from its egg and roared out its greeting ~ apparently to no ‘one. | was perplexed, but on looking out to sea ~ hundreds of metres away ~ there was a guillemot fiying towards the colony. A few seconds later, it landed beside its partner. Guillemots were never quite the same for me after this. They can see so much better than | can, and they he kind of guillemot-recognition system in their brain. The moment eventually inspired me to explore and write about the way birds use vision, hearing, touch, ‘smell, taste and feelings to experience the world. While it was relatively straightforward to describe how much better or worse a bird sees, hears, smells or fo, trying to understand ~ scientifically ~ how a bird feels is fraught with difficulties. As the philosopher Thomas Nagel pointed out in his 1974 essay ‘What is it like to be a bat?’, we cannot know what it is like to be another person, let alone another species. He chose bats because they are mammals and we shar 2 lot of physiology and neurobiology with them, and because bats possess a sense most of us don't have: echolocation (listening for echoes to locate things). | suspect Nagel thought that no human can echolocate, but in fact some blind people do so extremely well. Nagel’s point, however, is this: because it is impossible to know Itisn’t. The behavioural thinking that {have followed all these years has served me, and other scientists like me, ‘well. But i's also a kind of trap, Anything that doesn't fit gets ignored because the Intellectual framework doesn’t ermit one to say something different for fear of being labeled unprofessional, But ways of thinking come and 90. As our knowledge of animal behaviour has increased, and with it the realisation that so many behaviours we ‘Shée considered uniquely human, like tool use and language, aren’. the boundaries are changing. It's all very well to study the survival value of long-term pair bonds or mutual preening, but without knowing anything about the sensory bases for these behaviours, our understanding is always going to be incomplete. A few years ago, behaviourial zoologists discovered ‘symmetry’, and assumed that symmetry (for example, in a perfectly proportioned human face or a peacock’s tail) constituted beauty and quality, and was therefore the basis for the selection of partners. Few researchers bothered to test whether animals could assess symmetry in the same way as we can. One who did checked whether female starlings could the symmetry of their feathers. These highly social birds couldn't, Their senses w had assessed starling partner choice on the basis of symmetry without knowing this would have reached false conelusions. In contrast, the sense of vision in starlings (and most other birds) is far better than our own: they can discriminate many more colours than we can, and they use this to assess potential partner n't up to it. Any study that 1 Combridpe Enolishy: Aavanced Test 1») PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English +> Part 521 nat Soe te wnt suaoest anew Bas ne Ht parapreh? 11” Ine names common van hen can be naceroprate 18 Peale ae oon oo suber nme vay hoy mink bt nam {EInmaicet enertn pu he wy they bare tomar each her 15) Mow serous easech on them rare the ea ey mph ave easons -32 Vina Ses th wie say about hms th second paregr0h? ow ceraona montis i im bareus”sbeoes ot BSE 18 eth monoges fo aceve whet wos expected of hi He ecoeiaed arty on hom tamu hs ero wre 1D) Fe understancig fran ena rm lang beara dh be Essential tips “+ anol ta Reng nd ne 32 The wit descbes«partovarncdent i the id proproh 0 ex 2 wot orginal strated hrf goiter |B) sratied nan to vestigate bid’ seaee tw enaanges na tirwetcers encounter tre sopneation of pater cammurcaton 1 ny douse tr ref oan ian pt forward by Thomas Nagel? F Sfelersepmeperetp papel teeapiinacartats neglect fon asec anal race €, towmonanae the spnieence oth subject be dring ‘eam aesion te vovances ms scene knowedoe {38 Vins ptt dons he writer na i he th paragraph? 127 The way anna behave may have ceed ove Om {8 Scunitc dete tor become re ad mat comowtee Fanuc hae shown to lmtaton of cre ae abe nial ‘The enous aoorench he Soret i wor Is sour of ee ohm 34 The iter ican the ty f eyes to uteane toe et mein Sr rns a ety comm gms ASN THRE 9» PAPER Renan ane Ue of Haan» Pe’ |You are going to read four contributions to a debate on whethar antry to museums should be free of charge. For questions 37-40, choose from the contributions A-D. ‘The contributions may be chosen more than once. ‘Mark your answors on the separate answer sheet Should entry to museums be free of charge? The views of four speakers at » conference on museum funding are summarised here. a the late 1990s, the then UK government decided to end admission charges to a number of leading museums ‘and art galianes inthe country, and within a few years\isitar numbers fo these institutions had almost doubled; bre repor extimated an ncrene fom 27 to 4 milion visors wit a yeu. This hagas posible widen ‘saw anjimpressive grox ‘the country jn the same period, and there is no need to go into detail here sbout The implications ofthis for employment snd general prosperty. Add to ths the contribution = ‘that: museums make in communicating culture, knowledge and inspiration to visitors, particularly younger ones,” ‘and it becomes obvious that the state investment required torfundltree-entry to museums pays off handsomely. 8 Teach? It is hardly surprising th would anyone spurn a free chance t0 tee 2 collection of beautful paintings or some fascinating historical objects? The fact is, however, that although visitor numbers generally go up when admission is free, more detailed analysis of the figures reveals some complex issues. For example, itis tae from certain that {fee museum access automatically brings in the tourists. Most market researcn indicates that they wart quality end will pay for iW nec@ssary= Moreover, the evidence suggests that people who run museums which rely on the state for their funding have {ite incentive to make their collections more exciting and imaginatively displayed in order to boost visitor fnumbers: th: ‘other hand, tends to concentrate the minds of museum and gallery directors. © Free admission to museums and galleries usually causes attendance to rise end, with effective marketing, ‘already go to population. in other words, all taxpayers subsidise museum access for tourists and limited local largely middle-class demographic who could afford to pay for museum admission. Therefore, the claim that free museums make the wider population more ki cultured is questionable at best. is, 1BY Would be even mare perturbed to hear thal state tanced Museums, free of the need to compete to survive, tend io be complacent and unenterprising. eptleseums have a crucial role to play in preserving and transmitting nation’s history and 3 ing nosis and coturel horzons, arvana tne Younger generation in artical, OPIast'Sahthow Thoy leo show pe museum aomssion reqives sate funding wien turn Gopence on tation, While moet of we cake aves tee, wo know what nay ar or. beopicenaheassoorecsts thar overnrnanlnchng gees thoes ho. Seermesenummnreosn tol Oréacisnysohiew shouemnemte pienton en iongeetemn Tre monte to Tine 2 Seeteyotmuseum collections and the way they are displayed anc explained to visitors. Graat museums which ism, which is s0 central to the economic well-being of many countries PAPER 1 Reacing and Use of Engan >> Par 6Which contributor share a se uring of manus ation? =, ss renege oe es la on ob cto ey nouns otf 2, tips (ns Rng ons Un of tien apr ms yt Geede Ta by rb in ene a tram sonny wd attctey cna ‘mene pacer Thebans A he abut aan sce be’ Stare wae run mam renin he "ea aro mere Then eee ‘enna ‘oyetmesr aries ort tore te i rot a rer ‘oun tina socee wwasurernke You a1 PAPER 2 Writing Part 3 paper's ustenng |S PAPER 4 Speaking parte | going to read magazine article about the ancient Maya civilisation Central America. Six paragraphs have been removed from the a » | from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (41-46). Ther paragraph which you do not need to use. le. Choos is one extra Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. The rise and fall of the ancient Maya civilisation © No civilisation has fallen quite like the Maya, seemingly swallowed by the jungle after centuries of urban, cultural and agricultural evolution. What went wrong? Recent discoveries point not to a cataclysmic eruptio’ earthquake or plague but rather to climate chang But first came the boom years, roughly AD300 to 660. At the beginning of the so-called Classic Maya period, some 60 Maya cities sprang up across much of modern-day Gu: ia, Belize and Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. But then came the bust, a deci two centuries. By 1100, the residents of once thriving Maya cities seem to have just disappeared. In the nineteenth century, when explorers began discovering the overgrown ruins of ‘lost cities’, theorists imagined ‘an immense volcanic eruption or earthquake — or maybe an empire-wide pandemic. os One study of stalagmites in a cavern in Belize links swings in weather patterns to both the rise and fall of the empire. Formed by water and minerals dripping from above, stalagmites grow more quickly in rainier years, giving scientists a reliable record of historical rainfall trends. ‘The early Classic Maya period was unusually wet,’ according to lead researcher Douglas Kennett. And during this time, he says, ‘the population proliferated, aided by a surge in agriculture.’ _—————————————rre But the long wet spell turned out to be an anomaly. When the climate pendulum swung back, hard times followed. ‘Mayan systems were founded on those high rainfall patterns,’ Kennett said. ‘They could not support themselves when patterns changed.’ ed | ed The following centuries were characterised by rey and, at times extreme, drought. Agriculture de and, not coincidentally, social conflict rose. But times would get even harder. The stalagmite record suggests that between 1020 and 1100 the region suffered its longest dry spell of the last 2,000 years. With it, the study suggests, came crop failure, famine, mass migration and death. By the time Spanish conquistadors arrived in the sixteenth century, inland Maya populations had decreased by 90 per cent, and urban centres and farms had been abandoned and reclaimed by forest. Se to climate scientist, Benjamin Cook, this \d deforestation reduced the flow of moisture from the ground to the atmosphere, interrupting the natural rain cycle and in turn reducing rainfall. Computer simulations that Cook ran for one study show that localised drying decreased atmospheric moisture by five to 15 per cent annually. ‘Even a ten per cent decrease is considered an environmental catastrophe,’ he says. a But, according to Professor of Environment and Society B.L. Turner, ‘that’s the kind of oversimplification we're trying to get away from. The Mayan i applicable today — our society is just so radically different.’ In his own study, Turner concludes that the natural environment recovered rather quickly after the dry centuries. What happened to the Maya, he suggests, is that in order to escape starvation and wars inland, s where life was comparatively easier. And once there, they may simply have forgotten their great ci 20 Cambricge Enoliety Anvanced Test 1» > PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >» Part 7“A To some extent, however, the Maya may ha shaped their own decline. At the height of the ‘cvlisation, the area had a population of tens Cf millions, and vast numbers of trees would hhave been cut down to make space for cities end farms, and to provide fuel 'B Indeed, it was during the rainiest decades of this fa, from AD440 to 660, thatthe cites sprouted, ln fact, all the hallmarks of Maya civilisation — Sophisticated politcal systems, monumental architecture, complex religion — came into full flower during this er © One common misconcoption is that the Maya completely vanished after the arrival of the ‘Spanish in the sixteenth contury. There are, in fact, Mayan people still in the area today. with their own culture and traditions. The mystery. historically, is why their cities were abandoned ‘and never reclaimed. BF Win her pyramid, squares, bal cours and government budings, ney were where the Siban Maya dacussed philosophy, developed bn curate eoloryent calc ac rolched the ‘works frat hot chocolate, Farmers, 0, were ‘ding high, turning hillsides into terraced Seis to feed the fast-growing population: E Add this to the broader trend and the staan becomes dire — a cautionary tale for the mociens world, some warn. The fear is that, 8 mone ane more forestland is turned into farms and ies, ‘and as global temperatures continue to fee w= ‘may risk the same fate that befell the Mays. F The Maya religious and political system was bbased on the belief that rulers were in direct ‘communication with the gods. When these divine connections failed to produce rainfall and ‘900d harvests, tensions probably developed. I= ‘only 25 years between 750 and 775, for example, 139 rulers commissioned the same number of ‘stone monuments — evidence of ‘rivalry. wa, ‘and strategic alliances,’ according to Kennett's study. G Today, however, scientists generally agree that the Maya collapse has many roots, all intertwined — overpopulation, warfare, famine, ‘rought. And one of the hottest fields of inquiry in recent years has centred on climate chenge, perhaps of the Maya's own doing. ‘Question 42: The folowing peregrac stars But the feng ‘wet sel turned out tobe ar snarl. Can you find ‘oons paragrach wich refers fo we 3? ‘Question 45: The folowing peragrach sts wih a sercance ‘bout the fic of ths cefoesation | Which gwade’ Earag'ah refers to avtoreraten”™ camsuioge Engueh Aowarcee TARE 1+ PAPER Y Reacing and Use oF Ematah + ParPR cr nt smn seen er sr won ri PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 5_ Listening PAPER 4 Speaking | Part Essential tips In this part ofthe exam you ore ‘requited to read one teat oF ® ‘number of short texts to fin ‘owe formation, which ‘may include an opinion or the “expression ofan atitude 1 Raod the instructions. the ie and the questions. 1 Skim through the texts quickly 10 got 3 genera! ies of what > Remember that the part of ‘the toat that gives the answer {for each question will almost ‘certainly Not use the same words: instead, it will exprees the idea in a different way. > Allthe texts are about the ‘same topic, so similar points ‘may be made in two or three ‘texts. When you match @ ‘question with» text, make ‘Suro it cetlects exactly what In that toxt Question 47: The word expert ‘isin the question. Look for ‘other words inthe toxts that ‘express 8 similar ids. Then check thatthe part ofthe text "You find also expresses the idea of acknowledging the value of ‘aking adviee. own businesses. For questions 47-56, choose from the students (A-D). The students ‘may be chosen more than once. ‘Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Which student ‘acknowledges the value of taking expert advice? is neal oe 0 oo has established 2 precedent in her university? accepts that her business may have had a negative impact on her studies? has created s business which has exceeded her expectations? iA believes her personality has changed through working on her business? = Bap) regrets missing out on certain aspects of student life? HiZ) thinks that entrepreneurs like her should follow their instincts? ip) claims to have eae part in an uncelated activity? ey) Question 48: Think of other words or phrases that express the ‘same ides as failure’. Then scan the texts for references to this. ‘Make sure the one you choose ‘contains the idee thatthe writer is ‘nconcemed about the possibilty of talure, ‘Question 49: What other words or ‘phrases could express the idea of ‘competition’ fora business? Look ‘through the texts quickly to se iW you can find an expression of surprise with regard to competion. 22 Cambricige Enish: Acivancea Test 1 >> PAPER Reading and Use of English » > Part &‘ne dhapponn Students who start businesses ‘Moet some enterpriing students wino have started ther own businesses whie at wniversty A Lisa James ‘As she's doing business studies, it may not be ‘Soprsing that Lisa James has set Up her own ompory Out its happened on & much greater aint ed eto’ The oa or Cees Usa plans to continue developing ths ¥ but she cant toot too for ahead. “Someone ss ‘ight ‘see Ye potential ink ond tate out tage ‘Bway. Thor's hur but happened. guess Ta ‘tr anotner business B Joanna Payne Joanna Payne i in her fra! yaar ofa computer ‘selonce degree, Her univrahy offers "sandwich! ‘ourses, mesring that studems can spend yoor {vee of four year degree working Yor a business. When Joonta’ proposed devoting te year to ‘Seting up hor owt business, her laciurere wore iestant bul agreed. Joanne Tounened Buccaneer Productions, pecaiaing in ereatng games fot ‘smartphones: The thee games she's released. So tar have impressed the university 0 moet ‘hat its’ now potcy to encourage sandwich ye Setrepranaurahip. doonna's sandwich yea! was bey but her ile le‘even more hectic now ae Shahan to juggle lectures and 2 dssaration ‘wn running THE Business" love to go out at \weckonde Ine my course mates do, but | can ‘Mord the time” she says. “The apps market i ‘aly fast-moving and ough and youve got {o'heep on top, of i otheranan i can all come ‘ashing down The upside, of coure. 6 that Joanna now has & prety goed idea of what it Taken to Set up appe business. © Alexis Taylor ie sce er psoas oe eres ie brit lemma a Spee pn eee ace ee Seen ee ae eee oe Some oe Ae a oe Soe Cid ae se@) poet ss eal teen Sonar STS aa oe fac Reka dc eng ol Co hatin ae toe ot otra eer eres nearer omaerata Win te help of ecto she wrapper, a cover reduce bia hak Bkeenom the eater [lghteen month late, ie stl just a proterye. Zou he sot up a compen, ted » pater. thesPAPER 1 Reaging and Use of Enatish PAPER 3 Ustening PABER 4 Sceaking Essential , Papar 2 consis two pars. Part 1 of te Wing soar i comoutory fot ‘Everyone, You wil be eed to pradace an ens which you must Cavelop and ‘Spon an argument ons suppind opi The essay shouk slays be beter 220, 260 word. In Pan 2 here ae rae writing tanks. You must choose one ofthe the to ansee. ‘Tre type of test you cam chodee to wt wil ie: an eral eter Hora or Inormatl»prapons oporor a review. ‘You should proche pring mach tat yp that apparent eat ‘Te ntrmation you wil new n oder plan and produce each writen pic a the tat incall the Input eat. This Inout en ig ae for of bleed lim an adverigerarc'snotam, an sorcuncermer te Abwoys ree the ng ext ‘arty to make bute you understand ext Wat YOU are Geng makes wre, ‘Pay parca atetion tothe purpose of een wrt pace and its arget racer ‘nie very importa te write osc tr nthe npproprine regia. Think sbout ‘thet he language you use should ta frre oF formal Ask yours whether ‘ounsed's sound nur or persone ‘Be aware ofthe strut you wil pad Yo wa tor each tm you write Foe ‘sample, Row shou you organs te paragrapr in yOu enay and whet ut ttn one contain In yout repr. shuld you ube aacings ar at? ‘Pan before you write, but n't spend 10 much te Sraing wroug version: yOu ‘wont have ume rite propery Use Your own words afer om mee, Get ino the habit of harning what 220-260 word ook the inthe various frre ‘eau forte ot Try 0 amare that your handwriting is ler You mey ose (point hn examiner cant fed what you Reve wre ‘ow ew motos lore thea of tha tat qc aad through YoU work, ‘ehecing You" sowing and punctunon, ‘See te Writing tar on pp. 18-205 for examples ofthe citerentiyper of won Frou tori tot r comcrncpe Rhaten: Aevonene Test 4 »» PAPER 2. wring2 * Reading and nats ‘You must answor ths question. Write your answer in 220-260 words in an appropriate style onthe separate answer sheet. 1 Your class has attended a public mesting on a proposal to build a bypass around ‘your town (a road that avoids the town). You have made the nctes below. ‘Loca potions point ut the folowing ‘benefits ofthe Bypass: ‘+ a welcome reduction in pollution and + imoroved anspor links + loss talic congestion inthe town, ‘Some opinions expressed in the meeting: “Traders in the town wil suffer economically.” “Land wil hava to be cleared, and we re concerned about the impact on the What about loss of ravanum when tourists fo longae wet sites of Mistrial interest in the town? ‘Wie an exaay for your tutor discussing two of the benefits in your notes. You. should explain whether you think the advantages of the bypass outweigh the > Partt 25TEST PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English eyesore m4 | PAPER 3 Listening PAPER 4 Speaking Hesentiol sips > In this part of the test, you will have the opportunity 10 express yourself more imaginatively and creatively. > Remember, you only need to ‘choose one task in Part 2 of ‘the Writing paper. > Read each of the three questions carefully. Choose the one that you are most comfortable with. > Read the input text carefully. ‘Who is the email from? proposal in a clear way. > What idea could you ‘propose? Don't spend too ‘much time trying to think of the best possible idea. However, make sure that your idea directly relates to improving the employees’ ‘working experience. > What is the appropriate register to use here? > Plan before you begin writing. the required word count of 220-2607 ‘Question 3 > What sort of letter do you think is called for here: formal, semi-formal or informal? > Check that you remember how to set out a letter in English. > As always, pay attention to ‘the instructions and don't Jeave anything out. Note, for Write an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part. Write your answer in 220-260 words in an appropriate style on the separate answer sheet. Put the question number in the box at the top of the page. 2 You have received the following email from the Managing Director at your place ‘of work. Dear Colleagues, | am pleased to announce that a generous budget of £3,000 has been set aside to improve the working experience of everyone at the company. | invite all employees to submit a proposal outlining how they feel this money would best be spent. Please illustrate exactly how you believe your proposal will positively impact everyday life at the | will be implemented. Margaret Wheeler ceo Write your proposal 3 In your local newspaper, you have just read an article heavily criticising students’ behaviour in the town, outside of schoo! hours. Write a letter to the editor and include the following information: * your overall reaction to the article * specific points that you agree or disagree with, and why ‘+ a suggestion for a follow-up article. wi your letter. 4 You see this ad on a community noticeboard, ‘New Book Group ‘We need your help to compile a reading list of book titles for our new book group! So far, we have 20 members; men and women ranging in age from 17 to 58. Please send us your review of a novel that you think will appeal to our group members, giving reasons for your choice. Thank you. Write your review. ‘example, that one of the bullet points ‘8 novel that will appeal to the group ‘asks You to mention specific points members. which you agree or disagree with, giving your tessone wiry e ‘Mention the genre of the novel. For ‘example, is it erime fiction, a romantic ‘What key phrases are you likely to need novel, a thriller, etc.? Stick to the structure of @ book review, outlining the plot and demonstrating a clear understanding of the themes and > Read the ad carefully. Who is the book arena aires eet Balanced book reviews tend ta be more > Note that you are not necessarily ‘offective than reviews which are entirely required to write about # book that you positive or entirely negative. like: the objective is to recommend 26 _Cambriaige English: Acvanced Test 1>> PAPER 2 Writing > Part 2