Scheme and Creation of a Prototype for the
Supervision of Lights and Electronic devices with a
PBX, using a WLAN solution based on IoT
Leonel Hernandez#, Maria Ospina#
# Engineering Faculty, ITSA Institución Universitaria, Carrera 45# 48-31, Barranquilla, Colombia
E-mail:lhernandezc@itsa.edu.co, mospina@itsa.edu.co
Abstract—This project exposes the guidelines and activities
carried out for the design and implementation of a prototype for
the supervision and monitoring of lights and electronic devices
through a PBX, using a wireless solution based on IoT, which
serves as a base for the search of technological solutions using
platforms of access and development as Arduino and Raspberry,
obtaining energy and economic savings. Likewise, seeks to
optimize the variables of time, cost and benefit that can provide the
communities the use of domotic systems, the use of the necessary
resources provided by data networks and telecommunications to
perform actions remotely. For this, VoIP systems are used,
converting the Raspberry card into a PBX plant with software on
a server based on Asterisk. With respect to IoT, its four pillars
(People, Processes, Data and Things) have created the need to
have a society that empowers the new generations of digital
citizens who understand the emerging technologies offered by IoT,
the impact it has on the community, the widespread adoption of the
same and the correct application of the information captured. For
the prototype we have used components (sensors) that can work,
or that can act as a starting point for an IoT solution such as
LoRaWAN, since the traffic that must be sent does not require
wide bandwitdhs. For the development of the project, the authors
used the methodology of descriptive and applied research.
Keywords—control; home automation; VoIP; Raspberry Pi
3; asterisk; PBX; Arduino
I. INTRODUCTION
The management and efficient use of resources are
increasingly essential in companies, universities, homes and
everyday life in general, they no longer belong to a select
group of people, but are necessary for many human beings
around the world. At present, in most situations, lights and
electronic devices are used independently and without any
management that allows their efficient use, but above all
pointing to the saving of resources that is also very linked to
the monetary factor. Global trends in saving resources have
the first place so it is beneficial to connect the lights and
electronic devices in this approach, since they are critical
points of daily consumption and that by managing them
efficiently you can have significant savings. Electronic
platforms such as Raspberry Pi and Arduino will implement
the management of these resources, which will be the basis of
the prototype since with them you can have a simple
administration managed remotely from a PBX, which will
add a lot of friendliness to its use.
The purpose of this project is to implement a device to
manage the efficient management of resources in lights and
electronic devices in a home and corporate environment. This
proposal seeks to improve the use of resources, which is an
excellent point of great importance at present both for the care
of the environment, as well as for the monetary savings that
this drags. The significance of this project lies in the
technological advance implemented for its realization, by
having open-source platforms such as Raspberry Pi and
Arduino that will help in its implementation. With this design,
resources can be managed remotely from a PBX.
At present, all companies have to comply with the
standards and characteristics that differentiate them from
others, which make them better regarding service standards
and quality. The same organizations develop these activities
with the firm intention of being better every day. For this
reason, you would not have a contrary implementation, much
more knowing that it will help to have very relevant monetary
savings. This exciting project describes the current structure
of the connections, and the prototype design will solve the
problems presented. Likewise, its operation and what it
represents for home and business will be exposed, to improve
the efficient use of resources and thus offer a more effective
solution to the management of lights and electronic devices.
The main benefit of this implementation is the care of the
environment, this in its effect will bring results with
economic and social impact. This will be carried out with the
support of Raspberry Pi and Arduino electronics prototyping
platforms, since these allow to program, for the site, the
required needs, and will have monitoring sensors to control
consumption, motion sensors for control of the lights, by
means of which it is determined according to specific
parameters or Patterns. When it must be turned off
concerning the time of inactivity and to program schedules of
on and off according to the day of the week; all this
programming can be managed in the elements using a PBX
remotely that will help to implement the home automation of
the place.
II. THE MATERIAL AND METHOD
A. Description of the Problem
The population increase and multiplication of needs have
reflected greater consumption of natural resources, making
the production of electric energy one of the fundamental
priorities of the human being. Without taking into account
that the indiscriminate use of electricity deprives a natural
wall that has been handed over to humanity for its survival.
Including that the economic scourge that is affected with all
the activities that derive from it as industrial activity, the
degradation of the elements in ecosystems, the multiple uses
of soils and another without the number of operations that
limit the free environmental development. If only the use of
luminosity in homes is defined, it is easy to observe how
unnecessary spending causes cultural, social and
psychological changes in each belonging to the geographic
core. The traditional management provided by this practice
without feeling belonging to know new technologies that
protect and improve the quality of life in people generates
high costs in homes, they contribute to environmental
damage, expenses in electronic accessories that can even
cause incidents in the infrastructures.
The implementation of the domotic economic system
allows users to have control of the use of energy through the
prototype designed that reveals that electronic devices are on
or off, and which should remain in that state. The energy
saving is considerable in this way, which contributes to
environmental care and generates awareness of the
appropriate use that must be given to maintaining the natural
balance of ecosystems. The prototype reduces the probability
of fires caused by short circuits because it controls the state
of electronic devices at times when the electrical conditions
are not optimal for its operation. Likewise, it will contribute
to the economic saving of households that pay excessive bills
due to the misuse of electrical energy, for example, by
controlling the intensity of the bulbs. It is worth mentioning
that the use of new technologies that limit the electrical
demand allows researchers and scientists to find appropriate
techniques for energy. Finally, monitoring the consumption
of the equipment allows the customer to measure the energy
savings achieved with the system, motivating the efficient use
of electrical networks and combating the environmental
deterioration caused by the high generation of fuels for
electric power.
Currently, there are intelligent systems for the control of
devices using, PIC, microcontrollers, PLC, among others.
This project seeks to use new tools for the implementation of
home automation, which leads to research new technologies
such as the use of free hardware interfaces such as Raspberry
PI and Arduino by coupling the cards to the concept of
wireless interconnection as the Internet of Things. Create an
efficient demotic system achieving economic, social and
environmental benefits, which allows people to efficiently
manage their electronic devices and luminaires through PBX,
without having to get up to push a button or have to be at
home to be able to turn off or turn on a light bulb because IP
telephony will do the communication. All this focused on
saving electricity, the comfort of individuals and the help this
project can provide to people with mobility problems.
B. Domotic Systems and IoT. A Literature Review
The goal of home automation is to meet specific needs
such as comfort, security, communication or savings, these
are the main pillars, and they depend on a home automation
system to be successful. There are essential investigations on
this subject, mentioned in this bibliographical review. Tomala
[1] in his thesis "Voice Controlled Domotic System for
People with Disabilities in Upper Extremities, using
Raspberry Card" developed a domotic system controlled by
voice to facilitate daily tasks, using as a central module the
Raspberry Pi 3 card which connects to several actuators that
they control devices or objects such as doors, windows, light
bulbs, etc. The voice control is performed by a wireless
microphone which registers the orders programmed on the
card [1]. Itzel et al. [2] in their research "Scalable Domotic
System based on Raspberry" presented a domotic system
composed of two parts; The first is the management of
variables such as light, air conditioning, curtains, etc. in
hospitals or care centers for the elderly. The second part
consisted of the constant monitoring of the variables of
temperature and heart rate of the patients to whom the
application sense, with the aim of sending an alert to medical
personnel, in case any of the variables mentioned above are
outside of the established range. Barahona and Huilcapi [3]
in their research "Design and Implementation of a Domotic
Control System Supervised by a Mobile Phone Using the
Asterisk" showed the design and implementation of a home
automation control system supervised by a mobile phone by
using Asterisk. The system allows access to a menu by voice
or interactive voice response (IVR) by making a call to an
extension to access a series of actions which are executed by
pressing a key on the mobile phone. Rueda and Vargas [4] in
their project "Design and implementation of a domotic
system for home security controlled via central Asterisk and
Arduino hardware interface." made the design and
implementation of a home automation system based on the
free technologies of Asterisk and Arduino, for the
development of an alternative in the security of the home.
This system would serve as a base for the search of
technological solutions from platforms of free access and
development. Hernandez et al. [5] designed a prototype based
on sensors to measure environmental conditions of a data
center. For this, they used the DTH11 sensor, which this
project will implement. There are several investigations about
the Internet of Things. The studies carried out by Etzion [6],
Gubbi [7] support this work. For PBX configuration with
Asterisk, the investigations made by Mohammad [8] and
Maksimov [9].
The Internet has evolved in ways that we could never have
imagined. In the beginning, advancements occurred slowly.
Today, innovation and communication are happening at a
remarkable rate. Fifty billion things provide trillions of
gigabytes of data (estimated number of devices connected to
the Internet in 2020) [15]. There are a lot of applications and
technologies that can work with IoT. Lee in his research [11]
explains five techniques for the development of IoT. Bauer in
his study [12] shows the IoT reference model, which provides
several concepts and definitions. IoT has positively impacted
several productive sectors. Hernandez et al. [13] in their
research highlight the importance for higher education
institutions of the development of IoT projects, their
participation in the industry and their influence in today's
society.
C. Research Methodology
This detailed study will be developed using the
documentary and descriptive research methodology, since for
the elaboration of this project it is necessary to consult a series
of documents and collect information through data collection
techniques, to reinforce concepts and terms in the different
stages in the optimal development of the object of study [10].
The type of research design to be used is the
qualitative/experimental since it is going to analyze the level
or current state of variables defined throughout the work and
several tests will be run to adjust the sensors of the prototype
accurately to obtain the desired result.
III. PHASES OF THE PROJECT. DESIGN AND
OPERATION
In Fig. 1 the different stages of the project are shown:

Fig. 1. Phases of the Project
The topology of the network to develop is similar to that
exposed by Serkov et al. [14] in their research, shown in Fig.
2. The author configured an Asterisk server to connect to a
Wireless Access Point, and through the Wireless network
control attacks from external devices, be these Wireless
phones or laptops unauthorized.
Fig. 2. Example of the network topology
According to the research carried out to determine the
sensors and electronic devices to be used, it was necessary to
list the leading causes of energy expenditure: equipment in
poor condition, wasting energy from connected but not used
devices and poor administration of the electric flow.
For the reasons mentioned, it was possible to identify the
devices and sensors that efficiently allow the control of lights
and electronic devices that generate greater electrical
consumption:
A. Arduino.
It is an open-source electronic prototype platform based
on flexible and easy-to-use hardware and software; the
Arduino will control the switching on, off and regulation of
lights and electronic devices that the user wishes to manage.
B. Raspberry Pi 3
The Raspberry PI It is a computer the size of a credit
card. It consists of a motherboard on which a processor, a
graphics chip and RAM are mounted. The Raspberry Pi 3
Model B is the third generation of Raspberry Pi. It keeps the
popular board format, and the Raspberry Pi 3 B model has
a more powerful processor, ten times faster than the first
generation Raspberry Pi. It also adds wireless LAN and
connectivity Bluetooth, so it is the ideal solution for robust,
connected designs, features that allow you to completely
orient the project to the internet of things, so this equipment
is chosen with complete integration of components used for
the construction of the prototype. To allow the entire
connection of the components, the prototype will use the
Raspberry Pi 3 as the central server and PBX, from the calls
of the direct users as the database that will trigger the
Arduino as a bridge that will control the lights and electronic
devices.
C. Electronic Relay
The Relay is an electronic device that functions as a
switch controlled by an electrical circuit in which,
employing a coil and an electromagnet, a set of one or
several contacts is activated that allow opening or closing
other independent electric circuits. The project used a
wireless relay, which is an adaptive RF receiver codec with
a single channel relay. This component helps in the smooth
implementation of wireless AC control technology for
electrical appliances. This device will allow the control of
electrical flow for equipment that allows on and off through
it including connected equipment that is not used and thus
avoid waste of energy.
D. Humidity and Temperature Sensor
The DTH11 sensor is a module that allows us to measure
the relative humidity and environmental temperature. This
sensor has a resolution of 1 ° C and a working range of 0 ° C
to 50 ° C for the temperature, and resolution of 1% and a
working range from 20% to 95% relative humidity. The
sensor works with a voltage of 3.3 V to 5 V. This sensor
allows monitoring of the temperature of the air conditioners
and thus be able to control it to the desired taste of the user.
The first activity was the installation of the operating
system and the PBX on the Raspberry Pi 3, the Raspbian
operating system on which FreePBX was preinstalled whose
integration is called RasPBX. Raspbian is the recommended
operating system for Raspberry Pi (being optimized for its
hardware), based on a GNU / Linux distribution called
Debian. FreePBX is a web-based open source GUI (graphical
user interface) that controls and manages Asterisk (PBX), an
open source communication server. FreePBX is licensed
under the GNU General Public License (GPL), an open
source license. FreePBX can be installed manually or as part
of the pre-configured FreePBX distribution that includes the
system's operating system, Asterisk, FreePBX GUI and
various dependencies.
At the time of installing the OS and the PBX on the card,
the work area was adapted, with the help of a monitor for
reading the console and a keyboard to enter the basic
configuration. The Raspberry Pi has no internal storage or
built-in boot code, so it requires a MicroSD card configured
to boot the OS. This project used a 16GB MicroSD class 10
to install the Raspbx image. This card needed the installation
of Win32 Disk Imager to copy the image of rasPBX on the
MicroSD; Win32 is a simple open source application that
records CD or DVD images in a USB memory or SD card,
creating a virtual disk reader.
 It is necessary to decompress the Win32 program since it
does not require installation and the image and the device on
which the OS mounts were selected on the hard disk. Then
the Raspberry Pi 3 is turned on, and via HDMI cable it is
entered into console mode; The following basic configuration
is performed: Once the RasPBX successfully started, the
raspbx-upgrade command was executed in the console to
install the latest additions and improvements, then after the
update with the passwd command we determine a secure
password for the system. Next, When entering the PBX, it is
necessary to assign an Ip address to the Raspberry so we will
enter the configuration file:
Fig. 4. Zoiper account creation
sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf
Since the Raspberry Pi 3 has a wireless connection, this
To assign the IP address to Raspberry Pi, use the communication is entirely wireless, using a Mikrotik Wap
command "static ip_address =" followed by the desired IPv4 Wall Ap Outdoor. The AP is connected directly to the
address and the suffix "/ 24" (an abbreviation of the subnet Modem that provides the internet service. In the
mask 255.255.255.0). At this point it is important to make configuration of the AP, DHCP is activated to deliver the IP
sure that the address is not configured for any other: to the PBX server, as shown in Fig. 5:

purpose.interface eth0
static ip_address=192.168.0.4/24
static routers=192.168.0.1
static domain_name_servers=192.168.0.1

And reboot the system with the command sudo reboot. It

is entered into the PBX through the fixed IP assigned on the
Raspberry Pi 3, and create a user administrator of the PBX
(user: Admin, Password: itsa), as shown in Fig. 3:

Fig. 5. AP – GUI

The Raspberry is entered again by the console, and the

command is executed:

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

On which we enter the following code to perform the

wireless configuration of the Raspberry:

Fig. 3. Free PBX Home Web Page auto lo

iface lo inet loopback
We proceed to create two SIP extensions and two IAX iface eth0 inet dhcp
extensions. To facilitate the VoIP communication of the allow-hotplug wlan0
extensions, it is necessary to install the Zoiper software. This auto wlan0
process is carried out on two different computing devices. iface wlan0 inet dhcp
Zoiper is a multiplatform software (works on Windows, wpa-ssid "ssid"
Linux or MAC OS X computers, Android phones, or Apple wpa-psk "password"
iPhone phones), designed to work with your IP
communication systems, as shown in Fig. 4: Connected to our Wifi network, we proceeded to mount
the server to connect to an external network. It is necessary
to download and install the server. After that, Running the
file / usr / local / bin / noip2 updates the hostname record in
non-ip. A script was created that runs after each reboot. The IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
file is created in init.d:
It was possible to establish communication from different
$ sudo nano /etc/init.d/noip2 extensions on various communication protocols such as SIP
one and IAX2. Communication between devices was completely
################################ wireless. In Fig. 8 is shown the devices connected. Fig. 9
2 #! / Bin / sh shows the interactions between extensions:
3 #. / Etc / rc.d / init.d / functions #
decompose / modify for your killproc
4 case "$ 1" in
5 start)
6 echo "Starting noip2 ..."
7 / usr / local / bin / noip2
8 ;;
9 stop) Fig. 8. Raspberry Pi and AP Connection
10 echo -n "Shutting down noip2 ..."
11 killproc -TERM / usr / local / bin /
noip2
12 ;;
13 *)
14 echo "Use: $ 0 {start | stop}"
15 exit 1
16 esac
17 exit 0
18
################################

We save and proceed to give execution permissions to the

script as well as update the boot configuration with this script:
$ sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/noip2
$ sudo update-rc.d noip2 defaults
The Raspberry was restarted, and its operation was bought
with the ps aux command | grep noip2.
The operation of the prototype would consist of the user
making a call through the internet from anywhere by
connecting to a PBX that indicates the managed devices and
allows him to select a number for the control of ignition,
shutdown or regulation of the same, whose server it connects
to a database that is managed by the Raspberry Pi 3 to connect
to the Arduino and physically execute the desired action. In
Fig. 6 is shown the schematic of the prototype:
Fig. 6. Schematic of the prototype
In Fig. 7 are shown the variables studied in the project:
Fig. 7. Variables
Fig.9. Communication between extensions
In Table I are shown the expected results of this project:
TABLE I.
Expected Results
Monitoring of electricity
consumption
Telephone communication
via WiFi and cellular for the
control of lights and
electronic devices
Energy Saving
Economic Saving
EXPECTED RESULTS
Description
It is supposed to provide the user,
through an application and register in the
PBX, information on the consumption of
the power lines of the equipment
connected to the power, to minimize the
use and identify that equipment that
generates the greatest consumption
It is expected firstly to carry out the
control and monitoring via the Internet;
nevertheless, the integration of the cell
phone on the PBX is considered in depth
to cover the population area that does not
have access to the network and still have
control over their equipment and devices
The main achievement of the prototype
is to generate energy savings in the
environments that decide to establish
this system, decreasing the demand for
electricity flow by producers, using
correctly the devices and equipment of
homes, offices, universities or any area
that does not have the direct control over
the energy expenditure that the
equipment causes without necessity and
offering opportunities to the societies to
improve the efficiency of the processes
Energy saving is linked hand in hand
with economic savings since less energy
is consumed more economically will be
direct user both at the level of bills and
expenses charged for components that
 reach the end of its useful life. Also, for
large companies may usefully use this
prototype to get international
certifications about the workspace,
without leaving behind that the energy
producers will not have to generate the
same amount of energetic watching over
the care of the ecosystems that surround
them
Environmental Care
Nature is the factor that has allowed the
development of man; however, its
indiscriminate use has missed the long-
term benefits that can offer to humanity,
therefore, the XXI century has focused on
eradicating the bad habits of previous
generations to have a more friendly
environment. For them this type of
technologies allow us to reduce
consumption that destroys part of the
ecosystems and resources considering
that it offers technological development
and the possibility of providing other
projects that contribute to its growth
without directly affecting to the territory
with the exploitation of their lands and
finding different forms of energy
production that do not change the
environment
The relation between the components of the prototype is
shown in Fig. 10:
Fig. 10. Connection diagram between the components of the
prototype
V. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS
The possibility of being connected from any place and
allowing users to manage their offices, houses or apartments,
helps to reduce electricity consumption, an impact that on a
large scale contributes to energy saving and care of the
environment, offering the planet an economical and viable
solution to the absence of large generators of renewable
energy. This project describes the improvements in energy
efficiency, productivity and providing a study of how these
improvements minimize industrial activity that degrades
ecosystems; therefore, a prototype is proposed to carry out
these applications, it also becomes a practical guide for the
development of other similar projects that automate
industries, hospitals, universities, based on IoT.
Identical to the proposed Project, it is possible to design
and implement a large number of future works based on IoT
solutions. It is possible to integrate PBX similar to the
developed one that is configured with servers in the cloud,
which in turn are connected with sensors and actuators
capable of linking to NGN networks such as 4G (shortly 5G)
or 802.11ad, high speed, or LoRaWAN. Another future work
to develop is to take measures of traffic flow, network
congestion, that a solution of this kind can generate. There are
tools such as Opnet Modeler that allow this type of research,
creating a network model that simulates the performance of a
real topology.
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