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Science 7

Science – Grade 7
Quarter 3 – Self-Learning Module 16: Heat
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module


Writer: Melliza S. Dulman
Editor: Jocelyn A. Prado
Reviewers (Content/Language): Ligaya A. Gasulas
(Technical): Rowena T. Tiempo
Illustrator: Edison Clet
Layout Artist: Jean Rean M. Laurente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)


Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of


Pasig City
Science 7
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 16
Heat
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 7 Self-Learning Module on Heat!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and


reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher


This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 7 Self-Learning Module on Heat!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills


that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson


at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts


and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and


application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the


lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
EXPECTATIONS
In this module, you will study about heat. This is made to help you
understand how heat is transferred. This will also help you infer the
conditions necessary for heat transfer to occur.
This module is about heat and how heat transfers from one object to
another.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. define heat and differentiate heat from temperature;
2. investigate what happens to object when heat is added or released;
3. explain how heat flows from one object to another;
4. infer that conduction takes place between objects in direct contact; and
5. cite importance of heat energy.

PRETEST
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following best describes heat?
a. It is the energy produced by the sun.
b. It is the total kinetic energy of an object.
c. It is the measure of hotness or coldness of an object.
d. It is the energy that flows from one object to another.

2. Which of the following is required for heat transfer?


a. differences in mass
b. differences in volume
c. differences in properties
d. differences in temperature

3. What will happen if an object releases heat?


a. It will become hotter.
b. It will become cooler.
c. It will have lower temperature.
d. It will have a higher temperature.

4. The feeding bottle with hot milk is submerged in a container with cold
water. Which of the following will be observed?
a. Both milk and water will become hotter.
b. Both milk and water will become colder.
c. The hot milk will become colder and the cold water will become hotter
until they reach their thermal equilibrium.
d. The hot milk will become hotter and the cold water will become colder
until they reach their thermal equilibrium.
5. When you touch an ice cube with your finger, how does energy flow?
a. It flows from both direction.
b. It flows from your finger to the ice cube.
c. It transfers from the ice cube to your finger.
d. It moves from the ice cube to your finger then to the environment.

RECAP
Direction: Study the three-circle Venn diagram.

(a.) Label each area and explain the


color combinations of light. _________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________

(b.) Discuss how objects appear in


different colors._____________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________

LESSON
HEAT
How can you make a liquid boil and how can you eat a fried egg without
applying heat? You will not touch a food that has just been cooked because
you know it is hot and can burn your tongue, right? Heat is very essential to
living things. We use heat to cook food, bake cakes, iron the clothes, and also,
heat makes plants grow and photosynthesize.

But, what really is heat? From an early theory, heat is a fluid-like


substance called caloric, from Latin word calor which means “heat”. It could
flow in and out of a body. This theory has not been totally accepted, but still
heat is described as flowing from one body to another due to a difference in
temperature. According to an English physicist James Prescott Joule, heat
must be just another form of energy.

Heat is the thermal energy that flows from something of a higher


temperature to something of a lower temperature. It is the “energy in transit.”
The heat is the result of a temperature difference. Look at Figure 1. It shows
atoms in different phases of matter when heat is applied. All matter is made
up of atoms that are moving, even solid objects have atoms that are vibrating.
The motion from the atoms gives the
object energy. In solid, atoms are
vibrating. In liquid, atoms are
flowing. In gas, atoms move freely.
And in plasma, atoms move
incredibly fast and freely.
Heat is the transfer of thermal
energy from one object to another
because of a temperature difference.
How do you know that an object is
hot? You might use a thermometer to
measure its temperature. Heat and temperature are not the same but they
are related to each other.
Temperature is an indication or measure of heat. It is measured in degrees
Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit or Kelvin. It refers to the average kinetic energy
of the molecules of an object. The hotness or coldness of a body can be
measured by using a thermometer. We can be aware of temperature by our
sense of touch, but it is not reliable. That is why thermometer is used to give
accurate temperature of a body.
Study Figure 2. Phases Changes.
It shows the different changes when
heat is added or removed from a
substance. If enough heat is added
to provide energy to break the
attraction between molecules of
solid object, it changes phase and
becomes liquid. The temperature at
which it occurs is the melting point.
When heat is removed or released,
liquid becomes solid and the
temperature at which a liquid becomes solid is called the freezing point. The
addition of heat in liquids increases the motion of molecules in this phase
causing it to reach its boiling point, and if enough energy is provided
continuously to separate its molecules, liquid changes its phase to gaseous
phase, or vapor phase The process is called evaporation. The temperature at
which a gas condenses and becomes a liquid is called the condensation point.
Other materials like mothballs and air fresheners can change directly from
solid to the gaseous state. This process is called sublimation. Its rate
increases with temperature. The reverse process of sublimation is
desublimation (or deposition), gas phase to the solid phase without passing
through the intermediate liquid phase. As heat increases, substance changes
from solid to liquid and finally to gas. As heat decreases, substance changes
from gas to liquid and finally to a solid.
Generally, temperature increases when heat is transferred to a substance.
If heat is added to a substance or removed from a substance, it causes a
change in phase, the temperature of the substance does not change.
Heat transfer concerns the flow of heat energy in matter resulting from
temperature differences. It follows natural laws of heat transfer in flowing
from one body to another.
Whenever two objects with unequal
temperatures are mixed, heat is
transferred from warmer to the
cooler substance until both
substances reach a common
temperature. Look at figure 3, heat
transfer. The flow of heat is always
from hotter substance to the colder
substance which is considered to
be unidirectional or moving in one
direction. No energy is lost during
the transfer of heat. The heat given off is equal to the heat absorbed. This is
what the law of conservation of energy dictates.
There are three methods of heat transfer; conduction, convection and
radiation. Conduction is the flow of thermal energy in matter as a result of
molecular collisions, energy is transferred from molecule to molecule by direct
contact between two objects. The molecules vibrate more or less quickly
against each other. Heat is transmitted through a medium from one particle
to another. Materials that absorb heat faster and allow heat to flow are called
conductors while those that do not absorb heat easily and do not allow heat
to flow are called insulators.
Refer to the figure 4, Insulator vs
Conductor. Which material will burn
hand first and why?

Do you know that in cooking, the three


methods take place? Look at figure 5,
Conduction, Convection and Radiation.
In holding the pan, conduction occurs
because there is direct contact between the hand and the metal handle.
Convection, in gases and liquids, expand significantly when they accept
thermal energy and can develop currents of material flow. Convective heat
transfer occurs in a pan of water being heated. The water at the bottom of the
pan accepts heat energy from the pan through conduction. The water in this
region undergoes thermal expansion and is buoyed upward by the
surrounding denser water. The lighter water carries thermal energy
throughout the pan by the convection process. Both conduction and convection
requires medium or material to transfer heat. But, radiation does not require
any medium. It can take place in a vacuum. In radiation, the source of heat
transmits heat energy in the form of electromagnetic waves.
If the pan has a wooden handle, is it safe to hold it anytime while you are
cooking? Explain your answer.

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: The Heat is On and Off!
Objective:
Investigate what happens to an object when heat is added or released.

Materials:
Paper and Pen

Procedure:
1. Study Figure 6 (a.) Heat is added. (b.) Heat is released. Observe the
two images shown.
2. Answer the guide questions.

Guide Questions:
1. Refer to Figure 6a. What happens to the temperature of water when heat is
added?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
2. If heat is continuously provided in figure 6a., what will happen to the water
and what process may occur? ____________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3. Refer to figure 6b. What will happen to the temperature of water when heat
is released? _______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

4. If there is enough energy to separate the molecules of water, will there be a


change in phase? ________________________________________________________

Closure: Give another situation that will show that heat is added or released
in an object and explain what happens to the object and to its temperature.
Identify what changes in its phase occur.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: The Modes of Heat Transfer


Objectives:
1. Explain how heat flows from one object to another.
2. Infer that conduction takes place between objects in direct contact.

Materials:
Paper and pen

Procedure:
1. Infer that conduction takes place between objects in direct contact.
2. If the picture shows conduction, draw arrow lines that will illustrate
the direction of heat from one object to another.
3. If the picture is not an example for conduction, you may just choose
from the other modes of heat transfer; convection or radiation.
3. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Closure:

Explain how heat flows from one object to another and discuss how
conduction take place.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

WRAP-UP

❖ Heat is energy that flows from one object to another due to the difference
in their temperature. It is also called “energy in transit”.
❖ Temperature is the measure of hotness or coldness of an object. It is
measured in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit or Kelvin.
❖ Thermometer is used to measure temperature.
❖ When heat is absorbed by the object, its temperature increases. When heat
is given off by an object, its temperature decreases. The phase of matter
changes when there is enough thermal energy to change, break or separate
the attraction between molecules of a certain material.
❖ Heat flows from high temperature objects to low temperature objects. Heat
transfer stops when both objects reach their thermal equilibrium or when
they already have the same temperature.
❖ The three methods of heat transfer are conduction, convection and
radiation.
❖ Conduction is a process by which heat is transmitted through a material
from one particle to another and occurs when there is direct contact.
❖ Convection is a process by which heat is transferred or transmitted from
one place to another by the movement of heated particles of a liquid or
gas.
❖ Radiation is a process of transmitting energy in the form of
electromagnetic waves.
❖ Heat is essential to maintain life on earth. It is also needed in some
activities like cooking, baking, drying clothes and grains, and
manufacturing products.

VALUING
Activity 3: Heat Matters
Objectives:
1. Cite importance of heat energy.
2. Appreciate the applications and uses of heat in your daily activities.

Materials: Paper and pen

Procedure:
1. To show that heat energy is very important, cite at least 2 situations
where it is being utilized and is really needed.

2. Enumerate at least 5 different applications and uses of heat in your


daily activities.

Closure: Why do people sweat during exercise, work outs or when the weather
is too warm? What is the importance of sweating?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
POST TEST
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following refers to the measure of the average kinetic energy
of the particles in a sample of matter?
a. Heat c. Temperature
b. Heat transfer d. Thermometer

2. What will happen when heat is added and energy breaks the attraction
between molecules of solid material?
a. It boils.
b. It melts.
c. It evaporates.
d. It condensates.

3. How does heat flows from one object to another?


a. Heat flows from one object to another through the movement of
particles in solids.
b. Heat flows from one object to another by the movement of particles
from hot region to cold region.
c. Heat flows from one object to another through close contact of the
molecules of one object to another.
d. Heat flows from one object to another by rising of hot particles and
sinking of cold particles in gases or liquids.

4. Which of the following activities shows conduction?


A. Flying a hot air balloon
B. Cooking a chicken soup
C. Turning on the aircon to cool the room
D. Walking barefoot in concrete or sand during summer

5. Why are handles of cooking utensils usually made from wood, plastic or
rubber?
A. They absorb heat faster.
B. They are good insulators of heat.
C. They are good conductors of heat.
D. They have high thermal conductivity.
KEY TO CORRECTION

Answers may vary.


Activity 3

Closure: Answers may vary.


10. Conduction
9. Conduction may vary.
8. Convection b.) Answers
7. Convection may vary.
6. Conduction combination
5. Radiation of color
4. Conduction Explanation
3. Conduction 7. white
2. Conduction 6. cyan
5. B 1. Radiation 5. yellow B 5.
4. D Activity 2 4. magenta C 4.
3. B 3. green C 3.
2. B Answers may vary. 2. blue D 2.
1. C Activity 1 a.)1. red D 1.
TEST TEST
POST ACTIVITIES Recap PRE

References
Books
• Wysession et al. Prentice Hall Physical Science Concepts in Action. Pearson
Custom Publishing. Pages 550-553
• Bernas, Gloria De-Castro and Silverio, Angelina A. Physics. Phoenix
Publishing house, Inc. Pages 474 – 477
• Gonzales, Corazon Bulaong and Tolentino, Eden Gutierrez. Physics Around
Us. ST. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation. Pages 195 - 210

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