ELECTRICAL

MACHINES
1. An alternator is an electromechanical ac generator
[A]. True
[B]. False
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical
energy in the form of alternating current.

2. The stator is the rotating assembly in a generator or motor.

[A]. True
[B]. False
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The two main parts of a generator or motor can be described in either mechanical or
electrical terms.

Mechanical:

Rotor: The rotating part of an electrical machine.

Stator: The stationary part of an electrical machine.

Electrical:

Armature: The power-producing component of an electrical machine. In a generator,

alternator, or dynamo the armature windings generate the electric current. The armature
can be on either the rotor or the stator.
Field: The magnetic field component of an electrical machine. The magnetic field of the
dynamo or alternator can be provided by either electromagnets or permanent magnets
mounted on either the rotor or the stator.

3. The speed regulation of a synchronous motor is

[A]. 100%
[B]. 50%
[C]. 25%
[D].0%
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
 ✓ The speed regulation of a motor expresses how much its speed varies between no-
load and full load.
✓ Synchronous motor supply to load at a constant speed or rate.

4. In a synchronous motor, “hunting” may be due to variation in any of the following

EXCEPT
[A]. Winding friction
[B]. Frequency
[C]. Load
[D]. Supply voltage
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
✓ A sudden change in load.
✓ The sudden in field current.
✓ A load containing harmonic torque.

5. The frame of an induction motor is usually made of

[A]. Silicon steel
[B]. Cast iron
[C]. Aluminium
[D]. Bronze
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
✓ The frame provides the structural support for all other motor components.
✓ The frame must be made up of the rigid material that can absorb vibration as well
as noise in the induction motor.

6. The shaft of an induction motor must be of

[A]. Solid
[B]. Hollow
[C]. Flexible
[D]. Any of the above
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
✓ The hollow shaft can resist more torsion load with the same resisting area (same
weight) as compared to the solid shaft. Therefore shaft of the induction motor.

7. Which of the following component is usually fabricated out of silicon steel?

[A]. Stator core
[B]. Bearings
[C]. Shaft
[D]. None of the above
Answer: Option A
 Explanation:
✓ The stator core is made of silicon because it possesses high magnetic permeability
and low magnetic hysteresis.
✓ Adding silicon to steel increase its resistivity and strength and it is easier to
magnetize silicon added steel.
✓ It is laminated to reduce eddy-current losses.

8. A 3-phase 440V , 50 Hz induction motor has 4% slip. The frequency of rotor

current will be
[A]. 50 Hz
[B]. 25 Hz
[C]. 5 Hz
[D]. 2 Hz
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Frequency of the rotor current is given as
fr = sf
fr = 0.4 x 50 = 2 Hz

9. The efficiency of an induction motor is about

[A]. 100%
[B]. 80-90%
[C]. 50-60%
[D]. Less than 50%
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
✓ As we know that the transformer’s efficiency is greater than 95%.
✓ An Induction motor includes friction and windage (i.e., mechanical losses) losses
addition to the no load and copper losses, hence efficiency comes down to 80% to
90%.

10. The term ‘Cogging’ is associated with

[A]. Three phase transformer
[B]. Compound Generator
[C]. Induction motor
[D]. D.C series motor
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
✓ Cogging effect (Magnetic Locking) in an induction motor
✓ During starting of squirrel cage induction motor if the number of stator slot is
equal to the number of rotor slot or an integral multiple of rotor slot then it causes
magnetic locking between stator and rotor slot.
11. The crawling in the induction motor is caused by
[A]. High Loads
[B]. Low voltage supply
[C]. Harmonic developed in the motor
[D]. Improper design of machine
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
✓ An induction motor is a single excited machine. The crawling word it self-
suggest crawl means moving with low speed.
✓ This characteristic is the result of improper functioning of the motor that means
either motor is running at very slow speed or it is not taking the load.
✓ The resultant speed is nearly 1/7th of its synchronous speed . This action is due
to the harmonic fluxes produced in the gap of the stator windings of odd
harmonics like 3rd, 5th, 7th etc.

12. The auto starters (using three auto transformers) can be used to start cage induction
motor of the following type
[A]. Delta connected only
[B]. Star connected only
[C]. Both 1 and 2
[D]. None of the above
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
✓ The auto transformer method reduces the initial voltage applied to the motor and
therefore the starting current and torque also get reduced.
✓ The motor can be connected permanently in delta or in the star, is switched first
on the reduced voltage from a 3-phase tapped auto-transformer and when it has
accelerated sufficiently, it is switched to the running(full voltage) position.

13. If any two phases for an induction motor are interchanged

[A].The motor will run in inverse direction
[B].The motor will continue to run in the same direction
[C].The motor will stop
[D].The motor will burn
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
✓ If we interchange any two phases, you can reverse the motor running direction.
i.e.say R-Y-B motor running clockwise, change to R-B-Y, the motor will rotate
counter-clockwise.
✓ However, the motor should be stopped before the phase interchange is done. If it
is a done during running conditions, a braking torque will be produced before the
change direction if the supply is prolonged.
14. An inductive Motor is
 [A].Self-starting with high torque
[B].Self-starting with zero torque
[C].Self-starting with low torque
[D].Not self-starting
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
✓ 3 phase induction motor is self-starting because it consists of cage windings of
parallel conductors(made up of copper or aluminum) short-circuited at the ends
by end rings, hence forming a closed path for current flow.
✓ And for SLIP RING induction motor the ends of the rotor windings are externally
connected by a variable rheostat (resistant is varied in order to give it proper
starting and running current).

15. Which of the following motor has high starting torque?

[A].Slip ring Induction motor
[B].Squirrel cage induction motor
[C].Both 1&2
[D].None of the above
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
✓ In SLIP RING induction motor the ends of the rotor winding are externally
connected by a variable rheostat (resistant is varied in order to give it proper
starting and running current).
✓ So more the resistance, more the torque. When we add resistance to the rotor the
torque is high, slip is high and the current is reduced. Starting torque Tst α E x I x
R/Z.

16. The condition for maximum starting torque is

[A]. R=S*X/2
[B]. R=X/2
[C]. R=X*S
[D]. R=X
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
✓ The induced torque is maximum when rotor resistance per phase is equal to the
slip times the rotor reactance per phase under running condition. i.e R=S*X.
✓ Note: Maximum torque is inversely proportional to the standstill reactance of the
motor therefore to achieve maximum X and therefore inductance of the rotor
should be kept small as possible.

17. Rotor resistance speed control method is not applicable in

[A]. Slip ring induction motor
[B]. Squirrel cage induction motor
 [C]. Synchronous motor
[D]. None of the above
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
✓ In squirrel cage motor there is no provision made for adding external resistance
because the end rings are permanently shorted with the rotor conductor, therefore
the starting torque of squirrel cage induction motor is very poor due to low rotor
resistance.
✓ Therefore the rotor resistance speed control method is not applicable in squirrel
cage induction motor.

18. The open circuit test in a transformer is used to measure

[A]. Copper loss
[B]. Winding loss
[C]. Total loss
[D]. Core loss
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
✓ As the transformer is open circuited there is no output. So the copper loss is
neglected as the no load current is very less.

19. Which of the following loss in the transformer is zero even at full load
[A]. Eddy current loss
[B]. Core loss
[C]. Copper loss
[D]. Friction loss
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
✓ Since the transformer is a static device so there is no moving parts as generator or
motor therefore, there is no friction loss.

20. Which of the following is not a part of transformer?

[A]. Conservator
[B]. Breather
[C]. Exciter
[D]. Buchholz relay
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
✓ Exciter is generally used for starting of motor. Since the transformer is a static
device and there is no moving part as in the motor.

21. The core used in high frequency transformer is usually

[A]. Copper core
 [B]. Iron core
[C]. Mild steel core
[D]. Air core
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
✓ An air core transformer is designed to be used at a high frequency, used in radio
circuits.
✓ The currents are usually small but the voltages can vary.
✓ They can be used to change voltages, match one stage to another, for matching
antennas
to the radio circuits.

22. The PWM control DC motor varies

[A]. Linearly with speed
[B]. Inversely with speed
[C]. Parabolically with speed
[D]. Exponentially with speed
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
In PWM technique duty ratio is a linear function with respect to speed.

23. Ward-Leonard system of speed control is not recommended for

[A]. Constant speed operation
[B]. Wide speed
[C]. Frequent motor reverse
[D]. Very slow speed
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Ward-Leonard system of speed control is not recommended for constant constant speed
operation.

24. At very low speed, increases in field resistance will

[A]. Decrease the speed of motor
[B]. Increase the speed of motor
[C]. Not have significant effect on speed
[D]. No effect
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
At low speed increase in armature current caused by decrease in EMF, will not be enough
to compensate for decrease in flux in induced torque equation.

25. Small DC motor have best speed control by

[A]. Armature voltage control
 [B]. Field resistance control
[C]. Any of the methods
[D]. None of the Mentioned
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
For the small DC motor it is difficult to vary the speed using their field control.

26. To implement armature voltage control, it must be ensure that

[A]. It is used on separately excited machine
[B]. It is used on shunt machine
[C]. It is used series machine
[D]. Any of the mentioned machine
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
It must be separately excited machines to implement the armature voltage control.

27. Armature voltage control works for speed ________ base speed and field resistant
control works well for speed ________ base speed.
[A]. Below, Above
[B]. Above, Below
[C]. Above, Above
[D]. Below, Below
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
For armature voltage control, armature current is increased so as to reduce speed below
base speed. In field control flux is reduced so the speed would be above base speed.

28. The torque limit of speed for a shunt motor

[A]. Remains constant till base speed
[B]. Remains constant after base speed
[C]. Varies linearly after base speed
[D]. Varies inversely till speed
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The torque limit of the shunt motor remains constant till the base speed.

29. A laboratory group was working with a set of 3-hp shunt DC motor. But there was a
mistake that it was fused with a 0.3A fuse instead 3A fuse. then it was started
[A]. A flash occurred instantly
[B]. it ran for 3s and fuse was blown
[C]. it ran normal
[D]. none of the mentioned
Answer: Option B
 Explanation:
Due to the wrong usages of the fuse wire, it could not sustain the current and in few
seconds it was blown off.

30. Run-way for large DC machine is avoided by using

[A]. a turn or two of cumulated compounding
[B]. compensating winding
[C]. stabilizer winding
[D]. any of the mentioned
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The runaway is large machine is avoided by using compensating winding.

31. Why does DC motor sometimes run too fast when under-loaded?
[A]. Due to weak field
[B]. Due to high line voltage
[C]. Due to brush-shifted to neutral
[D]. All of the above
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
All of the reasons cause the dc motor to increase in speed when under loaded.

32. The quantities needed to complete retardation test are is

[A]. dw/dt and moment of inertia
[B]. dw/dt
[C]. current
[D]. any of the mentioned
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
We need the angular acceleration and the moment of inertia of the machine.

33. _________ test is used for determining the efficiency of a traction motor.
[A]. Field
[B]. Retardation
[C]. Hopkinson
[D]. Swineburne’s
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Field test is used for finding efficiency of a traction motor.

34. If the field current and armature current are reversed, then
[A]. Direction of rotor remains same
[B]. Direction of rotation reverses
 [C]. Stop
[D]. None of the mentioned
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
When both field current and armature current are reversed then the direction will not
change.

35. The main concern before doing hopkinson’s test for finding efficiency is
[A]. Needs one motor and generator is that it
[B]. Ignores iron and stray losses
[C]. Needs one motor
[D]. Requires identical shunt machines
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
It is must that both the machines are identical as required by the calculations.

36. Retardation test on DC shunt motor is used for finding ________

[A]. Stray losses
[B]. Copper losses
[C]. Friction losses
[D]. Iron losses
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Retardation test is used for finding the stray losses.

37. Inspite of heavy initial investments, DC motors are used due to

[A]. Flexibility and case of control
[B]. Lower losses
[C]. Improved power factor of the system
[D]. All the mentioned
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The control of DC machines is very much simplified when compared to other machine.
So this makes it very useful.

38. Maximum torque in DC series motor is limited by

[A]. Commutation
[B]. Heating
[C]. Field control
[D]. All of the mentioned
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Commutation is the process which reduces the induced emf and the torque.
39. Centrifugal pumps, fans-blowers use
[A]. Shunt as well as induction motor
[B]. Only shunt motors
[C]. Only induction motor
[D]. None of the mentioned
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Centrifugal pumps, fans-blowers use shunt as well as induction motor.

40. Which of the following are applied with differential compound motor?
[A]. Hoist
[B]. Cranes
[C]. Drilling machines
[D]. None of the mentioned
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Practically it is never used as the speed can rise very high.

41. Most commercial compound DC generator are normally supplied by manufactures

as ________ compounded machines.
[A]. Over
[B]. Under
[C]. Level
[D]. None of the mentioned
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Most commercial compound DC generator are normally supplied by manufactures as
over compounded.

42. Long back ago, magnetic cassette were in use, having permanent magnet DC motors
which had
[A]. Magnets on stator and armature on rotor
[B]. Magnet on rotor and armature
[C]. Electronic commutation
[D]. All of the mentioned
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
PMDC motors have field fixed on the stator and rotor has coils.

43. If the armature terminal voltage is more that its induced EMF, the DC machine
given is
[A]. Motoring mode
 [B]. Generating mode
[C]. Regenerative braking
[D]. None of the mentioned
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
As the terminal voltage is lesser than armature voltage, the supply is fed to the machine
so it will be acting like a motor.

44. If a self excited DC generator is failed to run, this refers to

[A]. Zero residual voltage
[B]. Field MMF, that it is not cumulative
[C]. Resistance is greater than critical resistance
[D]. Any of the mentioned
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Any of the reasons are valid for no build up of an emf.

45. Which of the following characteristics reveal about the magnetization nature of the
machine?
[A]. No-load characteristics
[B]. Load characteristics
[C]. Armature characteristics
[D]. Both no-load and load characteristics
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Both no-load as well as load characteristics are required to predict the magnetization of
the machine.

46. The air gap line represents

[A]. Magnetic behaviour of the air gap of the dc machine
[B]. Magnetic behaviour of the air gap of the induction machine
[C]. Magnetic behaviour of the iron core
[D].All of the mentioned
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Air gap line in the magnetization curve represents the ideal nature of the machine.

47. Armature characteristics is also known as

[A]. Regulation characteristic
[B]. Magnetization characteristic
[C]. External characteristic
[D]. Load characteristic
Answer: Option A
 Explanation:
Armature characteristic is also known as regulation characteristic. It is due to the fact that
the difference in the terminal voltage helps to determine the voltage deviation.

48. Considering a human handed control system for the DC motor speed control, if the
resistance wire cut out too slowly, the
[A]. Starting resistance would burn
[B]. Field winding would burn
[C]. Speed will rise steeply
[D]. All of the mentioned
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Due to the slow cut off the resistance the current will be high for a large amount of time
and it will cause the machine to burn.

49. Thyristor controlled starter is preferred over DOL starter due to

[A]. Lesser losses
[B]. Controlled direction
[C]. Least resistance offered
[D]. All the mentioned
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
A thyristor controlled method is more efficient as it has lesser resistance and losses while
operating.

50. For a 7.46 KW, 200 V dc shunt motor with full efficiency of 85% has armature
resistance of 0.25 ohms. Calculate the value of starting resistance in ohms for a
current 1.5 times of the full load current
[A]. 2.788
[B]. 3.038
[C]. 2.688
[D]. 2.588
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Full load current = 7460/(200*0.85) = 43.88 A
Starting current = 1.5*43.88 = 65.883 A
R = V/I = 200/65.883
= 3.038 ohms
Starting resistance = 3.038 – 0.25
= 2.788 ohms