LIQUID PHASE

  Liquid formation is important for

       Effective Granulation and formation  of clinker
       Stable coating
       Protecting the refractory
 
At the same time excessive coating will lead to
Reduced kiln diamater and hence reduced prodn
Ball formation
Reduced consumption of silica/lowgrade limestone
Frequent coating fall and unstable operation
 
% Liquid =        2.92 Al2O3
                                    + 2.25 Fe2O3
                                    + Mgo    
                                    + Alkali
 
Normal range 25 % to 28% 
 excessively high liquid phase may also promote attack of the bricks,
"washing out" of coating, hard to grind clinker and increased
tendency to form "snowmen" in the cooler.
 Excessively low liquid phase promotes little or no coating, very hard
to burn clinker (high free lime), increase in clinker dustiness and high
thermal loads.
 Also, liquid phase is inversely proportional to the Silica Ratio.