GS. TRAN HUU NGHI Vit EA Zs MAY TAU 64, 105 ie @O=i TAP I oe Te VIEN DAI HOC THUY i 000010478 TRUGNG DAI HOC HANG HiGS. TRAN HUU NGHI EVE. Ao3 ner xv (TR) S6 TAY ; SI QUAN MAY TAU TAPI OS]. fh 2OSB HCL TRUONG DAI HOC HANG HAI XUAT BAN HAI PHONG — 1991Ldi néi dau Nuéc ta cé bd bién dai hon ba ngan kilémét, cé nhidu cang bién, cang séng, lai cé mot mang ludi sing ngoi kénh rach rat thudn tién cho giao théng vn tdi trong ratdc va vdi ntdc ngodi, Chinh vi thé, sau khi dét mtéc thing nhdt, nganh vén tdi thiy (bién va séng) phat trién manh mé, nhanh chong, dé tén dung nhitng digu kign thién nhién uu dai, g6p phiin vao viée xd ly dung, phét trién™ nén kinh t€ quéc dan va gdp phin bao vé 16 quéc Viet Nam xa héi chit nghia . Yéu cu phét trién doi tau voi quy m6 ngay cang lén dén dén d6i ngil thuyén vién, si quan may va si quan boong ngay cang tang. Nhu ching ta dtu biét, the may, si quan my ni riéng va thuyén vién ndi chung, phdi hoat dong trong hoan canh khike nghiét cia bién cd, xa ddt lien, it lién hé dugc vdi nhitng co quan chi huy, co sd sita chita trén dt lién; chinh vi vay, ho phai biét sit dung thong thao cdc trang thiét bi may méc dat dudi tu, tu khde phuc nhitng hong hdc ndy sink ra trong qud trinh khai thie, xat 19 nhitng su co kS thudt, ké cd trong tinh hudng phitc tap nhut séng to, gid Idn, bao t6'v.v... Chinh vi lé dy, ngudi si quan méy teh vita phai ndm chdc, hiéu sdu dé chin dodn su c& da, dang va sdp xdy ra, phdi sit dung thanh thao va cé higu qua. cdc trang thiét bi may mée dat dudi thu Mat khdc, ho con phai t'm hiéh, ndm cho dude nhitng kién thitc chung vé con ttl, dc diér ., tinh nding cia nd. Chi khi ndm chic nhitng didu vila néu trén, ngudi si quan mdy tu mdi cé khd nding hoan thanh t6t chitc nding, nhiém vu cia minh va mdi thie thi duge lénh cila.céc trutc ca boong, lénh ctia thuyén trudng, may trutdng mét cdch kip thdi, chinh xdc va tao ditu kién phot hgp nhip nhang giita céc si quan may va si quan boong, nhim muc dich cudt cling la bdo dam dé tincdy, an toan tuyét d6i va mang Iai hiéu qué kinh t& cao cho viéc khai théc con thu. Kinh nghiém thuc té da khdng dinh rang khong cé mét si quan méy nado cé thé nhé tt cd nhitng Kién thitc cin thiét cho ngh® nghiép cia minh. Chinh vi lé d6, dé tao dieu kin cho cdc si quan may thu hoan thanh tét nhiém vu cia minh d nhitng vi tri, hodn canh, didu kién khai thac khdc nhau, ching t6i manh dan cho ra mat ban doc cuén "SO TAY SI QUAN MAY TAU" (CAM NANG). Muc dich chat yéu cia SO TAY SI QUAN MAY TAU nhim c6 ging théu tom nhitng kién thatc cin thiét nhdt, nhitng sé liéu cin tra atu, nhitng quy tic, quy trink, khi khong cé tai litu huténg dén cia nha may ché tao; néu lén nhitng déiu hiéu dé phdt hién ue hong, nhitng nguyén nhdn va-céch khde phuc st c& trong qué trinh sita chita, van hanh va bdo quan, bdo dudng hé thong dong luc. Chuing t6i hy vong ring SO TAY SI QUAN MAY TAU 1a ngudi ban dudng tin cy va la hanh trang khong thé thiéu cia cdc si quan may tau. Cuén SO TAY SI QUAN MAY TAU chia thanh nhitu tap. Tép I cung cdp cho ban doc mét 56 kién thite chung vé tiu thity, vé hé théng déng luc, cdc logi d6ng co diéden chinh va phy do cdc hang Jén trén thé gidi ché tao nt B & W , SULZER , FIAT, MAN, HITACHI, MITSUBISHI... dat trén céc tiu Viét Nam va céc nutéc khac; quy tdc van hanh cia diéden chinh va phu, néu lén nhitng hong hoc thtong gd p trong khai thdc cia déng co chinh va phy. S6 tay con néu lén nhitng kién thitc v8 khai thdc, vén hanh, bdo quan va bdo dudng hé théng déng luc. Ngoai ra, SO TAY Si QUAN M 4Y TAU cung cd'p cho ban doc cdc hé thing do tudng thé. gidi, chuyén tt hé nay sang hé khdc. Dac biét, trong hic sita chita, thit tu, nhén tau, Si quan may tau thing phai lam viée truc tip vdi nhitng si.quan cing chuyén nganh ngudi mide ngodi, phdi giao dich bang tigng Anh, bing ngon ngit ngh? nghiép cita minh; mat khdc, dé thoa manyéu clu thi ndng béc si quan mdy tu va xudt khdu thuyén vién sau nay; ching (éi dita vao Phan Phu luc cita s6 tay "H6i thogi Anh- Vite dimng cho ki sut tau thity’. Phin hi thogi Anh-Viét do kj su may trténg Tran Kim T hanh bién dich ut cém nang Nhdt-Anh dugc ditng cho di thang thuyén Nhét Ban, vdi su héd tro nhiét tinh cia cae anh Nguyén Kim Da (Cong ty van tdi bién 3), Dang Van Uy, Tran Van Son (Triténg Dai hoc Hang Hdi). Hi thogi AnhViét ang cdp cho ban doc mét sO mdu cdu va nhém ttt hay ding nhdt, gitip cho ban ra lénh, nhén viéc, giao viéc, thong bdo va ghi lai cdc sit kién xd'y ra trong budng may. Hy vong rang, H6i thogi Anh-Viét nay sé gittp ich ban nhiéu khi lam viée déc Id p vdi ngudi nudc ngodi va trong cong tac cia minh. Trong qua trinh chudn bi ban thao, ching t6i nhdn dude su céng tac gittp dd, d6ng vién khich Ié cia cdc thay gido khoa Méy Truong Dgi hoc Hang hdi cing nlut nhiéu ban doc gén xa; cho phép toi bay 16 long biét on cia minh vdi tdt cd moi ngudi. Xin chan thanh cém on kf su may trudng Tran Kim Thanh va nhitng ngudi céng su vdi anh cho phép téi dua phiin Héi thogi Anh-Viét vao cudn sé tay cia minh. , rong qué trinh bién sogn tap I cudn SO TAY Si QUAN MAY TAU ching ti da cé gang lua chon nhitng kién thite clin thiét dua vao sé tay, nhutng do khuén khé cia tdp sdch cé han, mat khéc do han ché vé trinh d6 va kinh nghiém, nén chic chin audn sé tay nay cling con mOt sO thidu sdt va chua thé thda man yéu ciu cla tat ca ban doc; mong cdc ban théng cdm va gdp nhiéu ¥ kign dé lin bién Sogn sau hoan chinh hon. Thang 7 nim 1991 GS. TRAN HUU NGHT~ PHAN THU NHAT KIEN THUC CO BAN VE MOI CON TAU DE bao dim an toan tuyét d6i cho ngudi va phuong tién, cd quan Dang kiém co nhitng yéu cau nhdt dinh ma mdi con tu va cAc tang thiét bj trén au phai théa man, Nhitng yéu cu nay can cit vao trinh dO khoa hoc — ki thuat cia méi nudéc va vao nhidu yeu 16 khac. Dvya vao nhitng (ai lieu, nhitng thong s6 ki thuat chi yéu cia cdc trang thiét bi, cia hé thong dong luc, ma Dang kiém xem xét, danh gid tinh trang t6t hay x4u cia tlu dé 10i quyét dinh cho phép tiu hoat dng hay phai sita chita, phai ngling hoat dong... Nhitng tai lieu va thong s6 ki thuat nay cing 1a nhitng kién thitc t6i thiéu ma ngudi si quan may tu cing nhu c4c c4n bé khdc trén tu phai ndm chac dé khai théc con thu dudc thuan loi, hoan thanh t6t nhiém vu van tai véi nhitng chi phi it nhat, nang cao tudi tho ca trang thiét bi. Sau day 1a mt s6 kién thitc co ban ma Dang kiém cdc nudéc thudng di héi va ngudi si quan may tu phai ndm chdc. Sé ligu co ban Ten goi... Tin hiéu kéu citu.. Nam va noi dong tu...10 Ban thiét ké N°... Nha may ché tao... S6 hi¢u (nha may) cla tau... C&p cia dang kiém (phi hiéu)... Cang va s6 dang ki... Loai tau... Chiéu dai lon nhat, m... Chidu rong idn nhdt, m... Chiéu cao boong , m... Trong tai dang kiém, tdk... Toan ai... Khong tai... Luong choan nude... Khi toan tai (khi mén nuéc theo d4u tdi mua he), t.., Khi khong tai (trong Iudng tau khi dua len da), t... Tuong itng vdi L cm mén nude theo duéng nude chinh... Trong tai (khi mén nuéc theo d4u tai maa hé), t... Sitc nang, t... M6n nuféc, m... Khi toan tai... Khi khong tai... Chitu rong cOng giang, mm... 6 phan giita ciia vo... Ocac phan tan cing...Hé s6 day hinh dang... Ving hoat dong... Tam xa hoat dong, hai li... T6c dd tau theo thiét ké, no (hai li/h)... Khi toan tai... Khi chay khong (c6 nudc dan tau)... T6c do tau theo ky thuat, no (hai li/h) Khi toan tai... Khi chay khong (c6 nudc dan tau)... ‘S6 lugng thuyén vieén... S6 luong khach... S6 lugng ham hang... Thé tich chung cua cac him va khoang tréng gitta boong , m3... Dy tri nhién liéu, t... Dv trit nuéc ngot, t... Nuc an... Nuc ria... Nuc ndi... Téng cong... Ludng nhién liéu tiéu hao trong mot ngay dém, t... Khi tau chay... Khi tau dé... Chi phi nude ngot trong mot ngay dem, t... Khi tau chay... Khi tau dé... llDung tich budng lanh dé chia thc phdm dy tri, t... S6 lung va dung tich xudng. Tau dau S6 Iuong va loai hang khi chd dng thii... S6 lwong va thé tich cdc Khoang hang c6 hé théng hang hoa doc lap San luong chung ca cdc bom hang, t/h... San lung cia céc bom hang (hang cing loai)... Bom vao 6 4p sudt.... at Bom ra 6 dp suat... at R6t ra ng thoi vai... voi rdng... R6t vao dong thdi vidi... voi rdng... DUNG TICH VA KICH THUGC CAC KHOANG, HAM VA KET CHUA | | Dy tr@ c6 dinh| i nude | | chigu i i | do dude)| | ‘Ten goi | b6(mat | Cong! Dung! Chidu $6 lugng! ——— | Ghi | | SO | hay thd phaing “yen|dung |tich, |cao, | t4n tren lem(theo | | chi | thu] ny tamboong, !chinh! tn Jom | tem j chidu cal t | | ' | | i ! \ két | cOng giang | | | | cao | | | Trong d6:.., I Luong nhién liu, t... | Luong nuéc, t 1THANG TRONG TAI 1 Mén nude S6lgng tén | Lugng} Chiu cao : Trong | (trong nude | trén lem (1dm) choan : min) chidu chim nude | mat nude t S BANG TIEU HAO NHIEN LIEU PHU THUOC VAO TOC D6 TAU (Lap theo cdc thong s6 theo déi dudc) Khies tai Khi chay khong tai (c6 din tu) a $6 vong| Tiéu hao z Tieu hao sudt chi] quay, | nhién lieu nhién liuSG6.Li€u ve TINH ON DINH VA TINH CHONG CHiM (Theo tai ligu thiét ké'va tink todn cho nhitng trudng hap dac trung trong qua trinh khai thac) Cac ditu kien trong tai Chitucaotam | (chidu chim) nghiéng ban dau, m a 1 Khong tai | | C6 nuéc dan tau . r | i Toan tai Trong nhitng ditu kién Momen iat, momen nghiéng, 1. xdu nhdt cia phu tai - Nhiing diéu kién khong chim tau... Dong co dét trong Nha may ché tao... Noi san xv4t... nam san xudt... S6 higu cua nha may... Dong co ché tao dudi sy giém sét cua... S6 hi¢u dang kiém... Thdi gian lp rép dong co lén tau... S6 luong dong co... Vi tri phan b6 (l4i, man tr4i, man phai)... 14 : vt,Nhan hi¢u d6ng co... Kiéu dong co: * Kiéu ding Kiéu tac dung don Kiéu 4 ky kiéu chi V kiéu tac dung kép kiéu 2 ky , . Kiéu c6 may nén Kiéu khong c6 ban truot Kiéu dao chitu “kiéu khong co~ kiéu c6 ban trugt kiéu khong dao chiéu may nen S6 Iuiong xilanh... C4ch phan b6 xilanh (1 hang, 2 hang v.v...)... ‘Thi tw dénh sé xilanh... Dung kinh xilanh, mm... Hanh trinh pittong, mm... Cong sudt, sifc ngua... S6 vong quay, vg/ph:... 6 cong sudt dinh mite... © cong sust t6i da... T6c dd pittong, m/s, 6 s6 vong quay... vong/phit... S6 vong quay nhé nhét cho phép dong co hoat dong 6n dinh, vg/ph... _S6 vong quay tdi han, vg/ph... Hang s6 chi thi... Ap sudt c6 ich trung binh 6 cOng sudt dinh mitc, kG/cm? Ap suft chay, kG/em*.,. Ap suat nén, kG/em2...Pr ieee Nhiét do khi xd trong bau gop,°C... Kiéu nap... Kiéu bom nap... Kiéu quét gis... Ap suat tang 4p, kG/em%.,, Nhan hi¢u nhién liéu... : * Sut tiéu hao nhién lieu (gam/site nga c6 ich.gid).., * Kiéu bom nhién li¢u... Ap sudt mé kim phun, kG/em2.. Nhan hiéu dau nhon... Hé th6ng lam mat pittong... Ap suat dau nhon di boi tron cdc 6 3, kG/cm’... Hé thong b6i tron 6 0... Sudt ti¢u hao dau nhon, gam/site ngua cé ich. gid... Lam mat dong cor... Ap sudt nude lam mat, kG/em2.., Nhiét d9 nudc lam mat, °C... Nhi¢t d dau nhon di ra khi 4 cong sudt dink mitc, °C... Khdi dong dong co... Ap sudt khong khi khdi dong, kG/em?... S6 Tan khdi dong dOng co 6 trang thai ngudi lanh (dy trit khong khi)... : Ap sudt Khong khi (6i thiéu 6 thé khdi dong dong co da duoc sdy néng, kG/cm’... 16Thdi gian dao chitu, giay... Kiéu hop s6... Chitu quay cia truc khuyu... Kich thudc dong co, mm... - Chitu dai... - Chidu rong... - Chiéu cao... Dung tich cac binh khi nén khdi dong... Noi hoi Nha may ché tao va nam san xuat... So hiéu cia nha may... $6 hiéu dang kiém... Thoi gian lap trén tau... $6 ndi hoi... Kiéu ndi hoi... Ap sudt thitt ké, kG/cm?... Ap sudt cong tac, kG/em? Be mat hp nhiét mdi ndi, tinh tit phia lua, m2. San lwong hoi, t/h.. au 20 Sb Loai chat d6t... oe ye Be mat ghi lo, m2... Mat cat c6 hi¢u lyc cia mat ghi, %. Sung phun dau, loai...; s6 luong... 17Tuabin hoi Nha may ché tao... S6 hiéu cia nha may... Tuabin san xudt dudi su gidm sat cua... Thdi gian l4p lén tau... S6 Ivong tuabin... Vi tri phan bé tuabin tren tau Kiéu tuabin... . - Tuabin cao Ap... - Tuabin th4p ap... - Tuabin chay lui... Cong sut, sttc ngua cé ich... - Tuabin chay ti€n... - Tuabin chay lui... 86 vong quay, vg/ph: - Tuabin chay ti€n... - Tuabin chay lui... Sudt tiéu hao hoi, kg/sifc ngua gid... Ap sudt hoi, kG/em?... - Truéc tuabin cao dp... - Trudc tuabin thdp dp... Nhiét do hoi, °C: - Trvéc tuabin cao ap... - Truéc tuabin thdp Ap... - 18Dudng kinh lén nhAt cia roto ké ca cénh, mm... - Tua bin cao 4p... - Tuabin th4p 4p... + Tuabin chay lvi... Kh6i long bO truyen dong banh rang, t... Kiéu 6 chan... Tuabin lam viéc vdi... - Chan vit... - May phat dién... Bau lam Janh chinh.., - Kiéu... - B@ mat lam lanh, m?... - Chi¢u dai Sng, mm... - Duong kinh Ong, mm: ngoai... trong... - S6 luong Ong... - Vat li€u Ong... - Do chan khOng trong bau, %... Cac thiét bi kiém tra ty dong hoat dong cia tuabin... Cac thiét bi bao vé va tin hiéu (dy bdo su 6)... 19Chan vit Céc chi tiéu Thuong tric S6 luong, cai Két cfu chan vit $6 lvong canh Dudng kinh, mm Budéc, mm Vatlieu - Khéi luong, kg : Truc chan vit Dvdng kinh truc, mm... - C6 lép Ao... - Khong c6 lép Ao... Chiéu dai truc, mm... - C6 I6p do... - Khong cé lép o... BO somi Ong bao... Khe hé 14p rap... * 20May va thiét bj cha yéu S6 luong | Hé thong , San luong va dac tinh chinh Thiét bi lam lanh Nha miy ché tao... Nam san xuft thiét bi... Kiéu thiét bi... San lugng lanh cua thi¢t bi, frigo/h(*)... - O nhiét do ngung tu tng, °C... -O nhiét d6 bay hoi toh, °C... Chét lam lanh... Nhiét do qué lanh ciia cht lam lanh long tai tqi, °C... S6 lung va san luong cia may lanh... - Chinh... - Du trv... (*) 1 frigo = — 1 kilécalo 21Ding ifuc htu, nap 2 cp, Tac dung don Nam Tac dung kép Kiéu may nén: Truyén dan tit... Cong suat, kW... $6 xilanh... DvOng kinh xilanh, mm... Hanh trinh pittong, mm... $6 vong quay, vg/ph... S6 luong va kiéu: - Bau ngung... ~ Bau ct... Be mat lam mat cia Gng xodn, m - Trong cdc bau ngung... - Trong cdc bau cat... S6 luong, kiéu va san lugng c4c bom... - Nuéc man... - Dé lam bau ngung... - . “He théng lam mat budng: nudc man, hdn hop (nudéc man va_ khong khi) khong khi bay hoi truc ti€p... S6 Iuong, kiéu va kich thudc, b8 mat lam mét céa bau lam mat khong khi... S6 lvong, cOng sudt va san lugng khong khi nap... SO lugng va dung tich cdc budng dudc lam lanh... Nhiét dO trong c4c budng dudc lam lanh,. °C Loai c4ch nhiét cdc budng dudc 1am lanh... 22Hé théng diéu héa khéng khi Nhiém vy cia hé thong... . Kiéu thiét bi... Thé tich cic budng dugc didu hoa, m°... Kidu va san ludng cua may lanh, frigo/h... Cac thong s6 khong khi trong cdc budng... - O ché dd sudi 4m... - Oché do lam mat... Dac tinh cua cdc bd 1am 4m... Dac tinh cua cdc bau lam lanh khong khi... Dac tinh cla cdc bO tach dm... Nhiing kién thitc khdc... May phat dién Thit | Cong Loai | Thé , Cudng 40 two | Kiéu | suat, | dong ; hiéu, dong dién | KW ign Vo ° dink mitc, A | | | S6 luong dong co dién... Téng cong sudt ca cdc dong co dién... S6 lugng cdc diém sang... Dién thé mang di¢n chiéu sng, V... Cac kién thite khac... 23Cac s6 ligu quan sat duge khi cdc thiét bi va may méc hoat dong Nhitng két qua kiém tra hoat dong cia cdc dong co d6t trong chinh 6 cdc ché do khi tau ché day hang $6 li¢u quan sat dugc Cac chi ti¢u Lan 4 | Lans Ten dong co Théi diém ghi Thdi gian ghi SS vong quay, vg/ph Céng sudt hay dang phy ti, site nga cé ich Nhiét dO mdi trudng xung quanh, °C Nhiét do nude, °C: + Trée bau lam mat - Sau bau lam mat Nhiét dO nudc ra khdi xilanh, °C: -xilanh 1 COA A UAWN 24Lan 1 Lan2 Lan3 Lan4 r $6 lieu quan sat duoc C&c chi tiéu ——— Tans Ap suft nude, kG/em? Ap sufit ting 4p, kG/em? D6i ap ciiaxd, kG/iem? Ap suat dau nbén, kG/em?: - Trong hé th6ng bdi tron 6.46 - Trong hé théng lam mat pittong Nhiét d6 dau nhdn, °C: - Truée bau lam mat - Sau bau lam mat” - Oca ra khdi cacte Nhiét 6 khi xd ra khdi xilanh, °C: -xitanh 1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 Nhiét d6 trung binh oda khi xa, °CS6 liéu quan sat dudc Cac chi ti¢u Nhiét d6 khi x2 trong bau gop, °C Nhiét 46 khi trude tuabin ting 4p, °C Ap sudt obien ligu. kGiem? Chi phi nhién héu thea sédo. kg gian do nhién Kéu Suat tigu hao nhien licu. g/sic ngula co ich. gid Ap suat chay trong cée xilanh, KG/em*: -xilanh 1 i Akon 6 “7 i -8 -9 Ap sudt chay trung binh trong cac xilanh, kG/em? > xilanh 1 | 26S6 liéu quan sat dufgc Cac chi tiu ee Lani] Lan2 | Lan3 | Land | Lan5S ee es oe os ee os -3 -4 75 -6 -7 -8 -9 Ap suét chi thj trung binh, kG/em? Nhiét 46 dau nhén dé lam mit pittong trong cc xilanh, °C -xilanh 1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 Nhiét d@ trung binh cda dau nbdn dé fim mat pittong, °c 27Co céu phan phéi khi cia dong cd (chinh va phu) Ten dong co thu thiy (N° va vi tri lap rdp): N° xilanh 1/2/3|, 4] 5{ 6] 7/89 Vi tri truc khuyu, truéc hay sau diém chét, do Nap:- Dau - Cudi | Xa: Dau - Cudi Géc phun sém nhién ligu Su phy thudc ciia téc dé thu vao 86 vong quay cia déng co chinh va vao ditu kién hoat dong cua tau Didu kién hoat dong 28Théi han kiém tra dinh ki phan may N° van ban | Thdi gian Thoi han va kiém tra kiém tra ngay c4p | fan sau cing dinh Ki Cong viéc sifa chita INgay bat dau a két théc ita chita _ Khe hi trong 6ng bao tryc chan vit khi dua tau lén da Vat li¢u ca bd Ong 16... Khe ho theo tiéu chun... Ten nha may | Nhitng vi¢csita tién hanh chita quan trong sila chita . | nhat da thuc hién Thé loai sta chita Két qua do dac INgay | Noi tau lén | Ong 16t phia lai Ong lét phia mdi; Ghi cha i da, tén Khe hd} Khe ha nha may phia 14i |phia mair LAr Negay Nha may | SStugng | vong higu | hitu | Nguyén nhan thay | dong vong gang | gang lam | nhién | dau thay thé viéc dén | li@u | nhdn vong gang So & khe hé gitta truc chan vit va dng bao truc ONG BAO PHIA LAI cette T + SO gid | Nhan TNhan thé | co i | | x iPHAN THU HAI SO TAY i- CAC DON VI BO LUONG VA BANG CHUYEN DOI Cac hé thong SI, CGS, MKGS SI (Systéme international) la he thong quéc té (cdc don vi do lung). Bang don vi do luéng hop phép cia nuéc ta ban hanh ngay 26-12-1964 chu yéu dua trén hé thong SI. ‘CGS 1a he théng cdc don vj do Iwdng dya trén ba don vi co ban la xentimét, gam, gidy. MKGS 1a he thong cdc don vi do Ing dya trén ba don vi co ban 1a mét, kilogam luc va giay. He Dailugng | thong | Donvido don vi Chuyén d6i don vi CAC DON VICO Chitu dai | SI mét m CGS xentimet cm MKGS| mét m Cac micromét | ym donvi | anxtrom A 31He Dai luong théng | Donvido | Kihieu | Chuyén d6i don vi don vi | | ) St kilégam | kg | CGS | gam g | ig = 1.10%kg MKGS| kilogam | kGs’/m, 1kGs’/m = luc giay ~ 9,80665kg binh . | phuong | i trén mét | Cac | tan t | I= 1.10%kg ; donvi | cara ; cara | leara = 0.2g . | khac i : Tans6 =| SI hée Hz 1Hz = Ist ' CGS | hée Hz | Técdo | SI | tadian rad/s, Irad/s = Is “| goc i trén giay _ CGS radian rad/s | | trén giay | | MKGS) radian | rad/s | "tren giay | = | Cac vongtrén | vg/ph i lvg/ph = —— | donvi | phut rad/s. > 30 | khac vong trén ; .vg/s Ivg/s = 27 rad/s | 32 giay oe cmap ecm gpmTéc db SI CGS MKGs | SI CGS MKGS CGS MKGS radian trén giay binh phuong radian trén giay binh phuong radian trén gidy binh | phuong nar i méttrén giay xentimét trén giay mét trén gidy mét trén giay binh phuong xentimet trén gia binh” y phuong mét trén giay binh phuong rad/s? rad/s’ rad/s? Chuyén d6j don vi lem/s = 1.10°2m/s 1cm/s? = 1.10-2m/s?i Don vi do mét vudng xentimét vudng mét vuong a hecta mét khéi. xentimét khéi mét kh6oi lit kilogam trén mét khéi gam trén xentimét khéi kilogam Ive giay bink * phuong lem? = 1.104m?* la = 110°m? ha = 1.10'm? lem? = 1.10°m? U= 1.103m3 trén mét mi b6n i a.Dailuong | théng | Donvido | Kihi¢u; Chuyén d6i don vj niuton IN = ikg.1m/s2 CGS | din did’ | tdin = 1.105N MKGS | kilégam 1kG = 9,80665N (Ic) KG, . Céc tan (luc) | ° T. 1T = 9806,65N don vi khac | i . fn a Trong SI niuton | Nim? iuong tréeamét | ; riéng i _ khdi | | CGS | dintren =| dinfem®, 1 din/em3 = ! "| xentimét 10 N/m3 khdi | * MKGS | kilogam | kG/m? |) 1kG/m3 = |. | Ave tren 9,80665 N/m3 | mét khdi L , Momen | SI | kilogam kg.m2 quan tinh | me i (dong lic | gs gam S g.cm? igcm2= hoc) | xentimét 1.10°7kg.m2 t | vudng | MKGS | kilogam | kGms?; kG.ms*= , | luc mét : 9,80665 kg.m’ i giay binh i phuong | L . — |—- : 1 ae He j | Dailuong | théng | Donvido | Kihiéu | Chuyén dé’ casy don vi j Cong, SI jun (oat J VJ = iN.im nang giay) lugng CGS | ec ec Lee = 1.10°7J MKGS | kilégam kG.m 1kG.m = luc mét 9,80665 J Cac oat gid Woh 1W.oh = 36.1053 Cong sudt | SE oat “Ww 1W=1/Is . ~ | CGS ec trén ec/s lec/s = 1.10-7W giay : MKGS | kilogam kG.m/s | 1kG ms’ =980665 W uc mét trén giay Cac sitc ngya 1 ste ngva = don vj 735,499 W = 75 kG m/s Apsuat | SI niuton N/m? | niuton tren mét (ing sudt trén mét vudng cdn goi 1a 0) . vwuong paxcan (Pa). . CGS | dintren | din/em?) 1 din/cm? =: ‘ xentimét 1.10-1 N/m? vudngkilogam luc trén mét vudng bar mili mét théy ngan atmdphe | (atmophe ki thuat) milimét cot nude niuton giay tren. mét vudng | poazo | kilogam luc giay trén mét vuong Chuyén d6i don vj 1kG/m2 = 9,80665 N/m2 1 bar = 105 N/m? 1mm Hg = 133,322 N/m2 lat= 9,80665.104 N/m? 1mm H,0 = 9,80665 N/m? + 1P =0,1 Ns/m2 1kG.s/m? = 9,80665 Ns/m2 mét vudng trén gidyDai Ivong Chuyén d6i con vi st6c 1St = 1.10-4m2/s mét vudng Soe trén giay ) : , ‘ | Nhiét do, | SI nhiét dong luc dO kenvin | °K doXenxiut | °C °K = °C + 273 jun J 1J = 0,239 cal calo cal | 1 cal = 4,1868J | kilécalo —_{ ‘kcal lkeal = | | 4,1868.103 J | | » junuen | | Sikg | 4 | kilogam | : riéng céc | calo trén cal/g | Leal/g= 1 don vj | gam | = Ikeal/kg= khic | kilcalo Keal/kg | =4,1868.103J/kg . | wen i | kilogam i iailugng | thong Don vi do don vi Nhi¢t | SI jun trén dung cia \ do hethéng =, Cac calo trén lentropi donvi ; do khac kilécalo | tren do dung riéng Entropi riéng jun tren kilogam a Cac calo trén donvi | gam do trén kilogam do jun trén kilogam do Cac calo trén : donvi | gam do j khac | kilocalo : | trén ; kiogam ' khac kilocalo _ Kihiéu | Chuyén dé6i don vi Jao cal/dd | 1 cal/dg = 4,1868 J/d0 kcal/dO | 1 kcal/do = 4,1868.103 J/do 1 cal/(g.d0) = cal{g do) 1 kcal/(kg.d0) = =4,1868.103 keal/ Ji(kg.do) (kg.d0) Ii(kg.do)| ¢al{8 40) 1 cal/(g.dd) = | Lkeal/ keal/kg ag (kg.d0) =4,1868, 103 Ji(kg.d0): i : | oat calo trén giay kil6calo trén gid “Oat trén - mét vudng Calo tren xentimét vuong Fidcato trén xentimét vuong gid Oat trén mét, vudng dd calo trén xentimét vudng giay 0 kilocalo trén mét vudng gid / do lcal/s = 4,1868W tkcal/h = 1,1630W 1 cal/(cm 4,18 cr in? 1 kcal/(cm?, h) = 1,630W fm? ‘1 cal/(cm?sd9) = 4,1868.104W/(m2a9 1 keal/(m?.hdo) = 1,630W/(m2d0) yyCudng do dong dién Cong va nang luong SI CGS cGs Cac Oat trén ~ mét dO Calo trén xentimét giay do kil6écalo trén mét gid do Chuyén d6i don vj wr(m.46) cal? | Lcal/(cms.d0) = (ems.d9) |} 4,1868.104W/(m.dd) kcal/ 1 keal/(m.h.do) = (m.h.do) | 1,630W/(m.d0) CAC DON VID don vi cudng d6 dong dién CGS jua ce donvi | électron khac - von kildélectr6n von mégaélectron von IEN VATU 1 don vj cudng do dong di¢n CGS = 9 loa 3 J 1J = 1N.1m = 1W.1s .. ec lec = 1.107 J ev JeV = 1,60207.10895 keV LkeV = 10eV MeV 1 MeV = 10%eV , 41| | Kihi¢u | Chuyén déi don vi i | 1 i Dai lugng 1 Don vi do + —- Cong suat | oat ° | W | j | ectren | ces : lees = 1.10-7W siy | ——_—_i_ culdng, ampe | giay don vi | dién luong CGS c As | 1 don vi dien luong | CGS = 9 loc 3 Dién thé SI von Hiéu don vi dién thé ! dién thé CGS Vv I don vj dien thé | CGS = 3.102V | { 1 | __, I | | Cuing do | vontren | V/m di¢n | mét ! : truong : CGS | donvi , 1 don vj cudng do ! | cudngdo ! . dign trudng CGS dien = 3.10V/m truong CGS 42He . Dai luong | thong Don vido | Kihi¢u | Chuyén d6i don vi |: don vi Daud | St) ma a ccs | donvi 1 don vj dién trd | dien tro CGS = 9.10110 ! CGS : Dién SI fara F dung CGS | don vi lem = dién dung 1,1 CGS gl? F (xentimét) | cm’ Tithong | SI vébe Wb CGS macxoen | Mx 1 Mx = 1.108Wb IMat do SI tesla T tit thong gaoxe Gs 1Gs = 1.104T IHé s6 tt henri H cam (hd CGS | donvitu | cm lom = 1.10°H cam) cam CGS (xentimét) 43Don vi do Chuyén di don vi ampe trén mét CGS ampe vong trén | mét | ocstét 10¢ = 1 3 . —.10 Avg/m (Oc | ag CAC DON VI AM THANH an Cuong do | oat trén | W/m? am thanh | mét : | ! vuong : CGS | éc trén ecf \ lecis.cm?) = gidy (scm?) 1.103W/m2 xentimét i vudng lsudt Am thanh (dO | | Mic 4p SI | déxiben On) ' | ; | : dB | | | | —__—_. 44Dai luong Cuong dd sang Quang thong (thong lugng anh sdng) DO chdi (dO sang) 1 ' i I - Don vido ! trén mét vudng (nit) stin Ki hiéu CAC DON VI ANH SA. nt sb Chuyén d6i don vi a NG 1sb = 104nt 1f = 104Ix 1f.s = 104Ikx.s oot SI candéla cd/m’ 45RE aR RE ORE re Don vi do lujng Anh, Mi Tén tiéng Anh Chuyén d6i Ki hi¢éu \ vé don vi SI luong | Don vido yard foot , feet inch [0,9144m ft 0,3048m ‘in | 0,0254m » dam Anh mile | mi | 1609,344m hai ly (dam ! nautical mile | n.mi | 1852m + bién) / ! : iat vudng square yard | 0,8361 27m" tich fat vuong | square foot | ft® -0,0929030m? insovudng =| squarcinch in? | 6-45 16em” Thé iat kh6i | cubic yard ya? 0,764555m> tich | fat kh6i lecubicfoot sf | 28,3168am? | inso kh6i—; cubic inch in, 16,3871em3 galon (Anh) ; gallon ' gal '-4,54609dm? panh | pint | pt | 0,568261dm> aoxo chat | ounce | ozfl ' 28,4130em> ; dong(Anh) ir ' ' pdsen (Anh) bushel 36,3687dm?> ' galon (Mi) | gallon | pa 3,78543dm° | panhiéng pint LHigpt | 0,373179dm> i (Mi) | | (Us) | aoxo long | ounce 1ozfl ; 29,5737em? (Mi) | (Us) baren (Mi) | barrel bas) | 158, o8sdm; ; bosen (Mi) | bushel tds) | 35, 2393dm3 | panhkho(Mi) i drypint(US) | aye —|-0,550614dm> | baren kho | barrel gs? | 115,628dm° (Mi) ; bbI(US) * Khong nén lan: fut, fit (ft) la don vj do chitu dar cua Anh, Mi, val phat (phy lA ddn vi do thdi gian (1/60 gid) va phuit (’) 14 don vj do géc (1/60 0). 46~N Dai | Tentiéng = | Chuy€én ddi ong Don vi do Anh Ki hiéu ; vé don vi ST \T6c | fattrén gidy | foot per fils 0,3048m/s do second (chinh xdc) dam trén gid | mile per mi/h 0,44704m/s hour (chinh x4c) no (dam knot kn 0,5148m/s bién trén gid) Gia fat trén giay foot per ft/s? 0,3048m/s” 6c binh phuong | square (chinh xdc) "| second Adi pao (thuong pound Ibav 0,45359237kg hfong mai) . grén grain er 64,7989 1mg aoxo ounce ozav 28,3495 (thuong mai) ta (thiéu) hundred cwtsh | 45,3592kg weight (short) ta (thita) | hundred cwtl | 50,8023kg | weight ; (long) tn (thiéu) ton (short) tn sh 907,185kg t4n (Anh) ton (long) inl 1016,0Skg | 47Ten ti€ng pound per cubic foot Chuyén d6i 7 vé don vi SI inso cot thiy ngan [~ EC TT Do; paodon giay nhot trén fat dong vudng luc “pao (luc) hoc gy trén fut vudng 48 inch of | mercury } second per | square foot pound i weight second per [ square foot Luc, | paodol poundal pdl | 0,138255 N trong | pao luc | pound weight | Ibf | 0,44822 N luong i ! Trong. paolyctrén poundper | Ibfift” 157,087 N/m Iuong {| fat khdi ; cubic foot i riéng | | + aa 2 ap | paodon trén poundal per pdi/ft" | 1,48816N/m sudt | fatvudng ; square foot | © pao(luc) —|- pound per Ieee 47,8803N/m? | trén fat square foot | ; vuong | in Hg | 3386,39 N/m? pdl s/ | 1,48816Ns/m fr? Ibfs/ | 47,8803Ns/m" fr | eei I t i i ' DO din : nhiér— | i Don vi do fat vudng trén giay Cong, | fat paodon fat pao (luc) lvong don vi nhiét Anh ee fat paodon trén giay fat pao (hic) trén giay suc ngua (Anh) don vj nhiét Anh trén gid don vi nhiét Anh trén gidy phat do F Tén tiéng Anh | Chuyén déi Ki hi¢u | vé don vi SI square foot 0,0929030m“/s per second foot poundal | ft pdi 0,0421401 3 foot pound ft lbf 1,35582 J british btu 1055,06 J = thermal unit (hoac: | 107,56kGm (mean) B) = 0,293Wh foot-poundal | ft.pdl/s | 1 ft pdl/s = per second. 0,0421401W foot pound filbf/s | 1 ft Ibf/s = | per second 1,35582W = | 0,0194kcal/ph horse power | hp | Ihp = | i | 745,700 W = | 1,0139 sic | | ngua | british j btu/h btu/h = thermal unit 0,293071 W per hour british thermal | unitpersecond | (sftdeg | W/(m dd) ! per foot | F) } per degree Fahrenheit[ Dai | Ten tiéng ' Chuyén doi | lugng Don vi do | Anh Ki hiéu | vé don vi SI Hés6 | don vi nhiét | british | btu/ = 20441,7 truyén | Anh trén | thermal unit | (sft | W/cm" do) nhi¢t giay phat F persecond | deg F) vudngdOF | per square ' ' | foot per j | degree I . i Fahrenheit | | DO phat vuong | square foot f"/s 0,0929030 dan trén gidy | persecond | | m*/s nhiét 7 ' Niet | donvinhiet | british , btu/(Ib. | 4186.8 dung Anh trén thermal unit | degF) | I/(kg.do) : riéng pao do F per pound =| | : perdegree | | | | Fahrenheit ! uN —L Do chitu dai hang hai: Thai li = V chu vi qua d4t = 1854,964 m; 1 hai li Anh = 1,853 km; 1 hai li Phap = 1,852 km; 1 dam dia li = 7,422 km. no = hai li/gid (Khong noi: no/gid) i |Chuyén déi don vi Anh vé don vi SI va nguge lai - $6 do theo hé Anh nhan voi hé s6 chuyén d6i, cho ta s6 do theo hé SI - $6 do theo hé SI nhan vdi hé sé chuyén d6i, cho ta s6 do theo hé Anh Do dai | inso (") | x 25,4 fut () = 12" 0,305 iat (3”) 0.9144 | dam dat 1,609 (1760 iat) i hai ly (dam bién) ) 1,853 | pd Dién inso vuong x6,451 tich fut vuong | 0,0929 iat vudng | 0,8361 Thé | inso khéi x16,387 tich fat khéi 0,0238 iat kh6i 0,0765 galon Anh - 4,546 | galon Mi 3,785 pn Hé s6Dai Ivong Hé Anh Trong | grén lugng | aoxo pao t4n thiéu 04536 | kilogam 2,205 907,18 kilogam i 0,00t0 tn thita 101605 | kilégam 0,000984 CC Ap aoxo trén inso x44 milimét x 0,02 suat vuong H20 i pao trén inso 0,0703 | kilogam trén | 14,7 vuong xentimét ' vuong | (atmophe ky thuat) : pao trén inso 0,068 atmdphe vat vudng ly ; ios : Ty greén trén fat gam trén khoi, kh6i mét kh6i {mat grén trén galon 14,3 gam trén 0) ‘Anh | mét khdi paotrén fatkhdi | 16,0 | kilogam tren 0,025 métkh6i | fit pao trén giay | x kilogam luc . 0,1392 | méttrén | siay :ose LULL oL'sL | 20'S vel 18°69 or'e9 | 19°29 669 zs‘z9 | SOLS | Te'09 e9'9¢ 91's o9'es | 96'zs 8c'or Is'Lp #£'9b | 90'sb Z6'TP sb‘Or 86°6E | SZ'8E Ls*be ores eo'te | ogtor IZLz 6L'St Lez | ys'ez 98°61 6e'S1 Z6'91 | BI'Or oszI “cot sss | ee'g sis five | abt z ! y T | 6 8 L | 9 s | ¢ € 2 | o_| ons THOTT] A EAU ops top urXay>EEE IEEE eS TOACED = YA SEL'O = WOY.OVLT = PIOS9T = O18 eATU ops | | 1 ! 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Reomay! 10, 0,125 0,25 0,375 0,500 0,625 0,750 0,875 1,000 1.125 | 1,250 1.375 1,500 1,625 1,750 1,875 2,000 2,125 2.250 2.375 | 2.500 2,625 2,750 2,875 3.000 3,125 3.250 3375 3500 3625 | 3.750 3,875 4,000 4,125 4.250 4,375 4,500 4,625 4,750 4,875 j 5,000 5,125 5,250 5,375 5,500 5,625 5.750 5.875 6,000 6.125 | 6.250 6,375 6500 6,625 6.750 6875 7,000 7,125 7,750 7,375 | 7,500 7.625 7.750 7,875 8.000 8125 8.250 8.375 8.500 8,625 | 8.750 8,875 9,000 9,125 9,250 9375 9,500 9.625 9,750 9.875 8 | 10,000 10,125 10,250 10.375 10,500 10,625 10,750 10,875 11,000 11.125 9 111.250 11.375 11,300 13,625 11,750 11.875 12.000 12,125 12,250 12,375 i D6 Reomay cdag tuong ty nhu do Xenxiut. Trén thang 46 nay, diém dudi cing tudng Ung vdi nhigt dO tan ctia nude dé tinh khiét 6 Ap sudt bink thudng va diém trén cing la didm sOi cla nude tinh khiét } Ap suat binh thudng. Diém dudi ghi O°, diém tren ghi 80°.Chuyén déi d Farenhet (Fahrenheit, °F) sang d6 xenxiut (bach phan, °C) va ngugc lai COng thutc chuyén doi: 5 9 °C = (°F~32) x 9 °F =(°Cx— ) + 32 Cach tra bang: Doc theo cdt giita (C, F), néu 1a do F thi d6i chiéu sang ct bén trai sé c6 dO C tuong ting. Van theo cO1 gitta (C, F), néu la 46 C thi d6i chiéu sang ct bén phai sé c6 do F tuong ing.-40,0 344 233 “178 172 -16,7 “16.1 “15,6 F -15,0 “144 “13,9 +133 -12,8 12,2 “17 “11 -10,6 -10,0 94 61 39,2 41,0 57,2 59,0 62,6 64,4 66,2 69,8 71,6 734 75,2 77,0 80.6 82,4 84,2 86,0 878 89.6 914 93,2 Cc F Cc F 36 96,8 24,4 16 37 98,6 25,0 7 38 | 1004 25,6 B 39 | 102,2 26,1 79 40 ; 104.0 | 26,7 80 41 | 1058 27,2 81 42 | 1076 || 27,8 82 43 | 109.4 28,3 83 44 | 111,2 28,9 84 45 | 113.0 29,4 85 46 1148 | 30,0 8 47 | 1166 || 30,6 87 48 | 118,4 311 88 49 | 120,2 31,7 89 50 | 1220 } 32,2 90 51 | 1238 | 32,8 91 52 | 125.6 33,3 92 53 | 127,4 33,9 93 54 | 129.2 ] 34,4 94 55 | 131,0 35,0 95 56; 132,8 35,6 96 57 | 134.6 36,1 97 58 | 136,4 36,7 98 59 jj 138,21 37,2 99 60 | 140,0|/ 37,8 100 61) 1418] 38,3 101 62! 143,6|| 38,9 102 63 | 145,4}} 39,4 103 64; 147,2]) 40,0 104 65 | 1490) 40,6 105 66 | 1508 4L1 106 67 | 152.6}; 41,7 107 68, 154,4 42,2 108 69 | 156,2 428 109 70 | 1580} 43,3 110 | 1598] 43,9 1 72; 1616] 44,4 112 73 | 163,4 45,0 3 74| 165.2], 45,6 14 195,8 201,2 203,0 206,6 208,4 210,2 212,0 213,8 215,6 217,4 219,2 221,0 224,6 226,4 228,2 231,8 233,6 235,4 237,2 c c F c 45,6 -50 | -58,0 17 35; 95,0 |) 23,9 75 '| 167,0 8736,7 | 134 | 2732 || 789 | 174 : | 340° 644.0 CBS 8 ITLL I | \ 15 3470; 176.7: 350 0620 578 | 136 | 2768 |} 800 | 3488 |, 182.2; 360, 680.0 583 | 137 |2786 | 806 | 177| 350611 18781 370 v80 589 | 138 | 2804 1 a1: v8! 352441 1933! 380° Teo 57,2 135 | 275,0 79.4 3 = 594 | 139 | 2822 | 817 | 179 | 354.2) 198.9; 308 734.0 60,0 | 140 | 284.0 1 82,2 180 | 356,0 |) : 60,6 | 141 | 2858 || 828 ; 181) 35781 | GL | 142 | 2876 || 83.3 182 | 359.6 |: ' G17 | 143 | 289.4 |] 83,9 | 183) 361.4 | 62,2 | 144 | 291,2 |] B44 | 184] 363'2 i ! 628 | 145 | 293.0 || 85,0 | 185 | 365,0 | \ ! 63,3 | 146 | 2948 || 856 | 186] 3668 | | 63,9 | 147 | 2966 || 86,1 187 | 368,6 | 644 | 148 | 2984 |! 867 | 188] 370.4 i 65,0 | 149 | 300,2 || 87.2 | 189] 37212 : 656 | 150 | 302,0 || 878 | 190] 374:0 : 66,1 | 151 | 3038 || 883 | 191] 3758 i 66,7 | 152 | 305,6 |] 889 , 192] 377'6 i 67.2 | 153 | 307,4 || 894 | 193] 379.4 i 678 | 154 | 309,2 |) 900 | 194 | 3a1'2 : iTrong lugng riéng cia mot sé chat rin Ten goi Nhom dic Nhom rén 3 Amian(trung binh 2,5 11,3 Cact6n amian 1,2-1,4 | Bot chi tring 6,7 Babit 7,5-10,5 || Luu huynh 2,046 Dong thanh 7,9-9,4 || Bac i 10,5 Borde | 47-18 | Mica | 2,8-3,2 Graphit 1,8 - 2,35 i Tuyét | 0,125 Dong vang (dac)| 8,4 - 8,7 | Natri cacbOnat | 1,4-1,5 Dong vang (kéo)! 8,43 - 8,73 |) Hac in » 1,07 -1,9 Sattinh khigt | 786 || Thép dic | 735-8 Colophan | 1,07! Thoy tinh | 24-26 Than céc i 14 " Gé gaiac -LAT- 1,39 Corundum = | 3,9-4 | Minium 6,14 Dong thau cén 8,52 - 8,62 | Antimon 6,68 Dong thaudic 84-87 | Sa 2,48 - 2,78 Nude da 0,88 - 0,92 © Phétpho trang : 1,84 Magié “1,74 | Photpho dé i 2,106 Dong sunfat | 2,2-2,3 5 Crom ! 71 Dong dddic § 86-8,9 || Xenlulo 14 Day dong | 88-89 | Ximang "0,82 - 1,95 Phan | -1,8-+2,6 |) Kém dac 6,6 - 7,05 Gidy rap(bot rap) | 4 + Kém rén » 7,125 Amon clorua 1,5-1,6 || Bot kém trang | 5,6 Niken | 89 | Gangxam | 66-78 Thiéc | 7,29-7,5 I Gach samot ; 1,85 - 2,2 Détson (ocr) | "3,5 | Ebonit 1125 Mu6i rang | 215 | t Nit chai (lie) 024 | | ! Lk ! 89I. NHUNG KIEN THUC CHUNG VE DONG CO DIEDEN TAU THUY Nhan higu cia dong co diéden tau thiy Nhan hiéu cia dong co diéden tau thily do cdc nha may ché tao dai ra, phan nh nhitng chi ti¢u két cfu co ban cia diéden hodc phan anh dac tinh quy udc. Cac nha may ché tao diéden ding nhiing ky hiéu khdéc nhau. Mu6n hiéu duge ban chat cia nhitng diéden dé, phai biét noi dung cia ting chif, tiing s6 ndi lén didu gi..Dudi day, ching t6i gidi thi¢u cac nhan higu cia mot s6 nha may ché tao dng co diéden tau thuy trén thé gidi. 6 Lien XO, hau hét céc nhan hiéu cia nhiing nha may ché tao diéden tau thay du theo tiéu chudn Nha nuéc TOCT 4393 - 48: 4 1a dong co b6n ky; la dong co hai ky; K la dong co c6 ban truot; néu thiéu K 1a dong co khong c6 ban truot; P ia dong co dao chidu; néu thiéu chit P thi dong co khong tu dao chitu;, Ha dong co 06 tang 4p; Cla dong co thay vdi b6 li hdp dao chidu; TT la truyén dong bang hop s6. Chit s6 dau tien 1a sé xilanh cia dong co; tit s6 cha phan s6 nim 6 phia sau cing biéu dién duong kinh xilanh va mdu s6 1a hanh trinh cia pittong. Con di véi loai dong co cé pittong d6i dinh thi Phan s6 46 néu lén hanh ‘ déi on trinh phia tren va phia dudi cia pittong.Vi du: 6 YCTT H 18/22: s6 xilanh cha dong co la 6; dong co 4 ki, dOng co thiy; truyén dong qua hop s6; dong cd co tang 4p véi duong kinh xilanh 18cm va hanh trinh pittong 1a 22cm. 823KPH 40/70 nghia 1a: s6 xilanh coda dong co 1a 8; dong co hai ki c6 ban trugt, dong co dao chigu c6 tang 4p véi dung kinh xilanh 40cm va hanh trinh pittong 70cm. Hang MAN cta Dic ding ki hiéu nhu sau: V: b6n ky. Néu chit V lap lai, c6 nghia 1a dong co.cdu tao hinh chit V. Z: hai ki K:; co ban trufot. G: khong co ban truot. A: hai ki Khong tang dp hodc b6n ki véi mite do tang 4p thdp. C, D va E: dong co hai ki vdi mite d6 tang ap thap, trung binh va cao. L: Dong co b6n ki c6 Lam mat khong khi tang 4p T: Dong co c6 budng d6t ngan cach. m: Dong co b6n ki c6 tang 4p khong khi dudc lam mét. S6 dau tién chi s6 xilanh cia dong co, cdn tit s6 cha phan s6 1a dung kinh xilanh; mau s6 néu lén hanh trinh cOng tac cia pittong, cm. Ngoai ra, chang ta con gap chit A noi len dong co cé tang 4p cing vi cdc chi s6: A3, As la hé thong mac ndi tiép — song song cia hé théng tang 4p bang tuabin khi x4 hodc twabin khi xd Jam viéc voi Ap sudt khong d6i P’ = const va 4p sudt thay déi P = var. 91Hang dong co di¢den SKL cia Ditc ding ky hiéu nhu sau: D: diéden; V: bon ky; Z: hai ky; K: hanh trinh pittong bé (S/D < 1,3); N: hanh trinh pitong trung binh (S/D>1,3); A: 06 tang 4p; S:¢6 bO li hop dao chitu; U: dao chiéu; SO dau tién 1a s6 xilanh: sO thit hai 1a hanh trinh cha pittong, cm Hang SKODA ctia Séc va Xlovakia dung ky hicu nhu sau: S: khong dao chidu; R: dao chidu; Li: may quay trai; P: may quay phai; PN: tang dp bang tuabin khi xay S6 dau tien cla ky higu 1a sé xilanh; S66 gitta: duéng kinh xilank cOng tac, mm, S6 cudi cing cia ky hieu bang s6 la ma II, ITI n6i len mic do tang ap theo qué trinh cai tién. Hang BURMEISTER AND WAIN cia Danmach ding ky hiéu mhu sau: M: dong co b6n ky; 92V: dOng co hai ky; néu chit V nam 6 vj tri thit hai sau diy s6; con chit V nam 6 vi tri cuéi cing thi dong co dy c6 cfu tao hinh chit V; T: c6 ban trugt; F: dong co tu thily (46 la nhitng ki hieu ding cho xéri MTBF - dong co chinh dao chitu va khong dao chiu). B: Dong co dugc tang 4p bang tuabin khi x4; H: dong co phu; Cac s6 dau tién chi s6 xilanh cia dong co; Cac s6 ti€p theo 1a dvong kinh xilanh va cdc 86 3 phan cudi cing la hanh trinh cia pittong, cm; Vi du: 2IMTBF 30: dng co tu thiy, bon ki, tang ap, dong co c6 ban trugt vdi dudng kinh xilanh D = 21cm va hanh trinh cia pitt6ng S = 30cm. . 26 MTBF 40V: dong co tau thiy, b6n i tang ap, co ban trugt, cAu tao hinh chit V, dudng kinh D = 26cm va hanh trinh cia pittong S = 40cm. 74 VTBF 140: dong co tiu thiy, hai ky c6 ban trudi, dao chidu va tang 4p véi dudng kinh D = 74cm, hanh trink pittOng S = 140cm. D6i voi nhiing dieden tang 4p c6 ban trugt, su cdi tién duge ghi bang con s6 "2" 6 gitta (Pi = 9,5kG/cm2) hoac s6 "3" (Pi = 11kG/cm2), vi dy nhu 50 VT 2 BF - 110. Nhiing dong co mdi cai tién tit nam 1967 mang nhitng ky higu mGi: cdc s6 dau tién [A s6 xilanh; chit theo ngay sau cdc s6 dé noi én loai dong co (K: dong co hai ki c6 con trugt); céc 86 tiép theo néu lén dudng kinh xilanh, cm; chit ti€ép theo 1a kiéu dong co (vi du E hoac F); chit cudi cing néu lén 93congdungcia dongco (F:dongco thay daochidu truytn dong truc ti€ép). Hang SULZER cia Thuy'si dang ki hi¢u nhu sau: B: dong co bén ki; Z: hai ky; S: c6 ban trudt; T: khong c6 ban trudt; D: dao chidu; H: dOng co phu; A: 06 tang 4p; R: khi xa dudc ditu chinh; V: dOng co cé cfu tao theo kiéu chit NV; G: dong cd c6 kém theo hop sé; M: dong co khOng c6 ban trudt voi hanh trinh pittong ngdn; S6 dau tién 1a s6 xilanh va cdc $6 cuéi cing 1a dudng kinh cia xilanh, cm. GO mt s6 dong co dieden 06 ky hieu rat gon; d6i véi xeri Z va ZV khong dua cdc chit M, H, A vao ky hiéu, cdn x¢ri RD thi bd qua chi Sva A. Hang FIAT cia Italia ding ky hieu nhu sau: S va SS: dong co c6 tang 4p theo 4p suft chi thi binh quan Pj Tan thit nbdt va ln thi hai: T: 6 ban trugt va dudng kinh xilanh dén 600mm (khi D = 600mm, chit T c6 thé khong con trong ky hi¢u); Cva B: dong co da dude cdi tién; 94R: dong co b6n ki dao chidu; cdc s6 dau tién la duong kinh xilanh, mm, Vi du 480 TS;B680 S; 900 S... Hang STORK cia Halan ding ki hiéu nhu sau: R: dong co b6n ki; T: hai ki; B: budng chay xody I6c; H: kiéu budng chay Gexénman; O: dao chidu; o: tang ap bang tuabin khi xa; K: c6 fam mat khong khi 6 dong co b6n ki; L: quét thang bang xupap; S6 dau tién 1a 86 xilanh; ti s6 cha phan s6 chi dung kinh xilanh va mu s6 néu [én hanh trinh cia pittOng (d6i vi dong co b6n ky thi trong ki hi¢u khong ghi hanh trinh cia pittong); : SW: ky hiéu rat gon cia dOng hai ky, c6 ban trugt, dao chidu va tang 4p c6 két cdu do hai hang STORK va WEKSPUR hop tac ché tao. Vi dy nhu: BRo21, HOTLo 54/115, SW 90/170. Hang GOTAVERKEN cia Thuy dién ding ky hiéu nhu sau: DM: diéden; : V: téc dung don gian; G: c6 ban trudt; U: 06 tang dp; S: bé va gid mdy han; A: bé may han cdn gid may dc;Ti sO céa phan s6 1a dudng kinh xilanh, cdn mdu 86 1a-hanh trinh cua pittong,mm; s6 tiép theo 1a s6 xilanh cia dong co. Vi du nhu DM 520/900 VGA - U. Hang DOCKSFORD ca Anh ding ki hiéu nhu sau: PJ: tn nhitng ngudi thiét ké dau tien (PERCY JACKSON); N: khong tang 4p c6 b6 tri nhiing bom quét ben sudn; T: tang Ap bang tuabin khi xa 6 nhiing 6ng xd dau tién; J: Ging dp tuabin khi x4 6 nhiing Ong xd tiép theo (tang 4p sudt chi thi binh quan Pj va tng s6 vong quay). Nhiing 6 dau tien 14 duong kinh xilanh, cm; con nhitng s6 cudi ki higu 1a s6 xilanh. Tat cd nhitng diéden déu hai ky 6 ban truot voi pittOng voi d6i dinh. Hang MITSUBISHI ciia Nhat ding ki hiéu nhv sau: T: khong 6 ban trust; C: c6 ban trugt; U: quét thang bang xupap; E: tang dp tuabin khi xa; V: Két c4u hinh chit V; W: c4u tao hinh chi W Z: k&t cfu mdi . hai” va C 6 cu6i ky hidu ni len su cai tién [an tha nhat va Pan thi Mau s6 cia phan s6 la hanh trinh cha pittong; con tt 36 1a dudng kinh xilanh, mm; Diéden hai ky khong c6 ban trugt thuge xéri WZ va VV - ZC cé ‘ang 4p dtu ding nhitng ky’ hi¢u Khong ghi hanh trinh pittOng va dudng kinh xilanh. ' 96Thong s6 kf thuat cia mot s6 dong co dieden tu thay Y10, 5/13 1 K551 (4CIM12/14) [13,7 K558 (UCII12/14) {21 3A6 (UCTS 5/18 25 3AoH (4cTHi5/18) [38 (3alis/an + 20,9) 58,3 CTI 18/22 5 GuCIIHTS/22 40 4CN23/30 va 423/30 |75 Y25/3. 50 dH S34 68 9AM(4H30/38) 138 AS0(4H31, § 33) 167 3A50(4H31, i) 200 T60(4PH36/4: _ 150 F710 upH3e/43 ,}200 ‘jan va27AP 335 M40(APH23 (30) 185 AP30/50(AP3 100 8AP43 ef jor (a P43 /o1) 225 3A100(AH20,7 /2x25, 5 200 94100 AH30 7 /2x25,4) 300 (AH20,7/2x25,4) - AKPHS50/110-1 580 AKPHS50/110-2 700 AKPH74/160-1 1250 AKPH74/160-2 1500 ‘AKPH75/160 1900 115 PAN ARAM oo ON ‘*b eB Quy SO IIL 90 Ln DROID AAO APIO NO. ra & a tn Lata toe DAD 0.00 00 a 22 LP DOOR BEARS NN a DBA Annae > OAS c)Nhan hiéu Dong co cia $160 68 275L 6S 160 NP " 6L275 PN 98 6L 525 PS 6L 525 PS 20MTBH30 25MTBH40 30/1000 54] 412 60) 750 600 233 250 421 500 87 | 500 26MTBHV 40) 127-| 500 6,0 5,5 81 84 8,25 16 19 10,75 hang SKODA (Sée va X lovakia) 52 715 4,6 6 Dé6ng co ala hang BURMEISTER AND WAIN (Danmach) 3; 5; 6; 3; 5;6;7 6-1633MTBH48 21MTBF 30 26MTBF 40 26MTBE 40V 28VBF 50 35VBF 62 40VBF 75 SOVBF 90 62VBF 115 SOVTBF 110 62VTBF 115 62VTBF 140 JAVTBF 140 J4VTBF 160 8AVTBF 180 42VT2BF 90 SOVT2BF 110 62VT2BF 90 62VT2BF 140 TAVTIBF 160 84VT2BF 180 140 100 165 165 174 282 395 560 820 580 820 1190 1250 | 1730 500 700 1040 1090 1500 2100 8888s 300 240 200 150 170 150 135 125 125 115 210 170 200 135 115 110 7,65 11,96 ALT 11,7 _ 72 72 7,2 7 V1 712 7,12 7,12 7,12 7,12 712 86 8,6 8,6 8,6 86 8,6 5-7 5-8 3,5 -8 10-16 5-12 5-12 5-12 5-12 5-12 5-12 5-12 5-12 5-12 5-12 6-12 5-12 5-12 5-12 5-12 5-12 6-12" 158 158 170 170 168 165 161 163 161 158 158 158 158 165 163 159 159 158 156 99Nhan hi¢u 230/38 ZV30/38 ZA0/48 ZV40/48 ZA0/70 ZV 40/70 BAH22 BCAH29 *BAH36 MH42 MHS52 TD24 TD29 100 Nex 375 e823 70 116 160 285 415 75 120 Dong co cia hang SULZER Thuy Si 5; 75 8; 10; 1 6; 9; 12 55.7; 8; 10; 11 6; 9; 12 7; 8; 10; 11 6; 9; 12 6-12 590 590 445 445 300 300 500 375 375 333 400 360 10,6 10,6 10,1 10,1 10,2 10,2 9,25 , 10,5 8,52 49 5,0 4,66 4,54 -| 6-12 - - | 6; 8; 12; 16 - -| 6-12 - 812; 16,18). -| 6-12 _ - 121618, - -| 35,8 | 168 “| 5-9 | 168 i 5.9 165 -| 4-10 - -1 4-12 - - 4-8 - - 4-9 -TD56 TAD24 TAD36 TAD48 TADS6 SAD60 SAD72 RSAD76 RD44 RD44 RDS56 DS56 RD68 RD68 RD76 RD76 RD90 RD90 RD105 160 360 105 260 500 640 1300 450 500 800 830 1100 1200 1500 1600 2200 2300 3200 300 250 155 400 300 | 250 155 “150 125 met) 215 215 "170 170 135 135 119 119 119 j 119 ; 103 4,42 4,97 4,71 6,53 6,0 6,25 6,0 6,53 6,37 7,0 | 8,15 9,06 8,15 8,95 8,08 8,82 8,07 8,61 8,44 8,82 9,0 S838 82 72 2 16 16 75 75 75 75 75 4-10 4-12 5-12 4-8 $-12 5-12 4-12 4-12 4-12 5-12 5,7,8, 10 6,9, 12 5, 7,8, 10 6,9, 12 5,7,8, 10 6,9, 12 5, 7,8; 10 6,9, 12 5,7,8, 10 6,9, 12 6,9, 12 168 168 165 170 168 160 160 160 160 °155 159 + 159 157 157 156 156 155 155 “155 155 155Nhan hiéu | RND68 150/137 10.9 | 8 RND67 | 2000! 122 10,58 | | RND 90 : ©2900, 122 10,85 | | i i RND 105 ; 4000 | 108 | 10,70 Dé6ng co ctia hang MAN (Ditc) VV 16/18TL | 66 | 1500 12,2; 80° 12,16 VV I8/21AL | 125 /1500 :. 43550 - i 8, 12, 16 ; 169 VV 22/30AL 130/1000 , 10,2 i 12, 16 169 VV 26,5/30AL| 320|1040 16,4 128 6,8, 12, 16, 24,153 | VV304SL | 148) 428, 9965) 2-16 157 GV 235334 | 84/600 39 | 60 5-9 |160 GV 30/82AL | 260! 600 | 13,0 | 59. GV3045AL | 200) sis , 110 | . 529 - | GV AS/SOAL | 425! 420) 142 5-10 ’ : | GV 40/60mA | 228 300; 91 | 6-10 | 156 GV 45/60AL | 400] 350) 10,8 | 5-10 GV S2/4AL | 460) 250: 10,5 / 5-10 : RV 40/54 545| 400, 18,0 | 120 6-9 154 ‘W 40/54 545! 400) 18,0 | 120 10 - 18 154 KZ 57/80 665| 225) 635 | 58 5-12 160 ! | GV 52/70C 515 235 6,63 5-10 ss 102KZ 57/80 KZ 57/80E KZ 60/105D KZ 60/105E KZ 70/120 KZ 70/120D KZ 70/120E KZ 78/140C KZ 78/140D KZ 78/140E KZ 78/155C KZ78/155E | KZ 84/160C KZ 84/160D KZ 84/160E KZ 90/170 KZ 90/170C KZ 90/170E KSZ 105/180 KSZ 105/180 103104 AR216 Rol5S BRo2I RHo21 RHo21K HOTL054/115 80| 208 “425 500 650 | 850 1100 1400 45 45 64| 7 82 835 600 500 600 650 700 700 8,3 11,5 12,7 7,45 7,00 7,82 8,16 7,85 8,15 8,00 8,33 87 6,35 9,4 8,45 8,92 10,2 8,65 Déng co cia hang FIAT (Italia) 70 8,5 85 70 70 70 65 70 70 70 68 5, 6, 8, 10 12, 16 6, 8, 12; 16 5, 6, 7, 8, 5-10 5-9 5-10 5-12 5-8 6-12 6 - 10,12 6- 10,12 Déng co ctia hing STORK (Ha Lan)HOTL,63/135 HOTLo70/140 HOTL075/160 SW85/170A SW85/170B SW90/170 DM520/900VGA-U | 60 DM520/110VGA-U| 800 170 DM630/1300VGA- DM630/1400VGA- DM760/1500VGA- DM760/1S00VGA: DM850/1700VGA- DM960/1900VGA- DOng co cia hing DOCFORD (Anh) 1160 | 150 | 9,15 4-6 1250] 120 | 8,5 4-6 1750 | 117 | 833 2600 | 115 | 8,33 1500] 140 | 93 105Déng co cia hang MITSUBISHI (Nhét Ban) WZ 125, 1600 , 11,3 - , 12-24 VVZC 100| 1600 | 9,95 - 10 MT-50 780 99 | 80 6-8 TZ48/80 8,6 5-8 - UEV30/40 ‘ a1 6, 12, 16, 18} UET39/65 71,87 6-9 UET45/75 7,86 6-9 UETS52/65 | 815 6-9, 12 UECS52/105 8,08 | . 6-9 UEC65/135 35 | 8,57 7,8 UEC65/135 3 8,93 6,9 UEC75/150 791 6,9, 12 UEC85/160 911 6, 9, 12 UEC85/160C 9,52 6,9, 12 DOng co cia hang PELST IK (. PC2L | $00] $00 | 14,3 | 90 PC2V 500! 500 | 14,3 PC3V 850| 460 | 18,0