COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

composed of 25 different proteins

part of innate immune system

complement is fresh serum that can lyse cells coated with antibody

complement refer to ability of protein to enhance the component of immune system

complement system
play important role in host defense against infectious agent and in the inflammatory process

activated by variety agents

activation proceeds in cascade fashion leading to lysis

inactivated by heating serum : 560C 30 M

produced by : hepatocytes macrophages gut epithelial cells

3 pathway

CLASSICAL PATHWAY

Need Ag-Ab complex

Ca++ Mg++ cations

Complement component 1, 2, 3, 4

Activation of C1

C1qrs bind with Ag-Ab complex lead to autocatalysis of C1r

C1r cleave C1s

Cleaved C1s become enzyme can cleave both C4 C2

C4 C2 ACTIVATION

Activated C1S cleave C4 C4a C4b

C4a binds to cell membrane

C4b remain at reaction site

C4b bind to C2 that susceptible to C1S

Cleaved into C2a C2b

C2a complexed with C4a

C2b released in micro environment

C4BC2a complex: C3 convertase

C3 activation (generation of C5 convertase):

 - C3 convertase cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b (Mg++)

- C3b binds to the membrane to form C4b2a3b complex.

- C3a remains in the micro environment.

- C4b2a3b complex as C5 convertase cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b.

- Generation of C5 convertase marks the end of the classical pathway.

2. LECTIN PATHWAY

- C4 activation can be achieved without antibody and C1 participation by the lectin pathway
Figure 2).

- is initiated by three proteins (all present in normal serum):

a) Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), also known as mannan-binding protein (MBP)

b) two mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASP-1 and MASP-2).

- MBL interacts with two mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASP and
MASP2), analogous to C1r and C1s.

- This interaction generates a complex analogous to C1qrs and leads to antibody-independent

activation of the classical pathway.

• Therefore, the lectin pathway provides a means of non-specific protection against certain
pathogens before any antibody response can be.