ANIMAL HEALTH II

Dr Deepak Sapkota
 Syllabus

• Credit hours: 3+1: hours Full Marks: 100

• Total hours: 160

• Theory: 96 hours

• Practical: 64 hours

• Course Description
 Text and Reference books
• Blood, D.C. and O.M. Radostits. A Text Book of the Disease of cattle,
sheep, Pig, Goat

• and Horses. ELBS Publication

• Chakrabarti, Amlendu. A Text Book of Preventive Veterinary

Medicine

• Soulsby, E.J.L. Helminths, Anthropodes, and Protozoa of Domestic

Animals. ELBS Publicaton
 Bacterial Diseases of Livestock
• Haemorrhagic Septicemia

• Anthrax

• Black quater

• Mastitis

• Tetanus

• Brucellosis

• Foot rot

• Enterotoxaemia

• Strangles

• Glanders
 Haemorrhagic Septicemia
• Pneumonic Pasteurellosis or Shipping Fever or Bhagute or Galaghotu

• It is an acute form of Pasteurellosis affecting buffalo, followed by cattle and also

present in sheep, goat, pig and horse.

• This disease is characterized by sudden onset of fever (106-107ºF), profuse

salivation, edematous swelling of S/C tissues, acute gastroenteritis, severe

depression and death in about 24 hrs.

• The disease is highest in summer and autumn.

 Causative agent

• Pasteurella multocida type I

• Gram negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria

• The organism can be destroyed by 0.5% phenol.

 Transmission
• Direct or indirect contact

• Through saliva or nasal discharge

• Inhalation and ingestion of contaminated food and water

 Clinical Signs
• Incubation period: 3-5 days
• High fever (105 to 106 0F)
• Swelling around laryngeal region, parotid regions and sometimes right around
the head.
• Swelling is hot, doughy, tongue may swell and protrude from the mouth, loud
bronchial or snoring sound.
• In severe cases, animal dies within few hours ie. 6 to 24 hrs.
• There are 3 forms of disease as follows:
– Oedematous Form:
• Oedematous swelling in the throat and brisket region.
• Pharyngeal & cervical lymph nodes swollen.
• Blood tinged fluid is presented in thoracic, abdominal and pericardial
cavities.
– Pneumonic Form:
• Dry, painful cough with snoring sound.
• Head extended, nostril dilated & open mouth breathing.
• Colourless, reddish, serous or frothy discharge from the nose.
 Diagnosis
• By clinical signs
• Leishman’s stain: Bipolar staining seen in blood smear
• Cultural test: In blood agar and Brilliant Green Agar (BGA)- Haemolytic dewdrop
like colony seen
• Biological test: Inoculation of blood from affected animal into rabbit by S/C or
I/P route. Rabbit dies within 24-48 hours.
• Hematological examination
• Serological test: By Complement Fixation Test (CFT)
• By PM Findings:
– Hemorrhagic spots in lymphatic gland and serous membrane.
– GI tract is inflamed with blood mixed contents.
– Blood stained fluid is present in the abdominal, pleural and pericardial
cavities.
– Lung: Inflamed and consolidated.
– Pleura: Edematous & hemorrhagic.
– Bladder: Dark colored urine or bloody urine
 Treatment
• Diadin injection 33% (Sulphadimadine Sodium, 333mg/ml)
30 ml/50 Kg BW half I/V & half S/C -- First day followed by
15 ml/50 Kg BW half I/V & half S/C -- 2nd to 5th day
or
Sulpha-Trimethoprim combination – 15 to 30 mg/kg BW I/M or I/V
daily for 5 days
• Tetracycline long acting- 1 ml/10 Kg BW I/M repeat after 3 days.
• Avil or Cural (Pheniramine Maleate): Antihistaminic to treat allergic
conditions
Large animals: 10 ml I/M in alternate days for 2-3 injections
Small animals: 0.5 to 1 ml I/M in alternate days for 2-3 injections
 Prevention and Control
• Isolation, proper disposal and quick treatment.
• Good hygienic measures and use of disinfectants like 0.5 to 1%
phenol and 2-4% sodium carbonate.
• Vaccination
 HS broth vaccine: Cattle and Buffalo- 5 to 10 ml S/C; Sheep and Goat
-3 to 5 ml S/C; Immunity : 6 months.
 Alum precipitated vaccine: Cattle and Buffalo- 5 to 10 ml S/C; Sheep
and Goat -3 to 5 ml. S/C; Immunity : 6 months.
 Oil Adjuvant vaccine: Cattle and Buffalo- 3 to 5 ml I/M; Sheep and
Goat-1 to 2 ml. I/M; Immunity : 9 months
 Combined HS + Black Quarter (BQ) vaccine: Cattle and Buffalo- 5 ml
S/C; Sheep, Goat and Pig- 2 ml S/C; Immunity- one year
Alum precipitated HS + BQ combined Oil adjuvated
 Glossory
• Gastroenteritis: inflammation of the stomach and intestines

• Parotid region: Anterior and inferior to the lower half of the ear on
the lateral surface of the cheek

• Serous: resembling, or producing serum

• Lung consolidation: occurs when the air that usually fills the small
airways in your lungs is replaced with something else