e following situatic ath of the ations, discuss whether it wor é to you to have detailed figures or some form o Sanlad as form of summary. [iw are going on holiday and want to know what weather expect. j sou need to buy some soft drinks for an endot-term party for your class You want to know if ther there are shorter than you 4, You want to know how much you would have to pay for a new enart television. more people taller than you than and centra! tendency ‘need to rep": @ set of numbers by one representative number which gives a” he set, It is also useful to have an indication of the spread of the an indice’. ~ of the spread ofa list of values by giving their range. eis the difference between the largest and smallest values. ices for personal music players is £74.99 — £10.99 = £64. middle of a set are called measures of central s which give an indication of the we will look at each one in turn. _ There are three of these and 345werage or mean ‘The most commonly used central figure is the arithmetic = = This isthe figure that results from charing out the different values equal For example, _& . Jan, Raj and Sara searched for some pebbles to use for skimming on water. Jan found 9 pebbles, Raj found 4 and Sara found 5 pebbles. : ‘They decided to put the pebbles into one pile and divide them up ae : ‘There are 18 pebbles in total to be shared among the three of them, so this gives 6 pebbles each. a The 6 pebbles that each child then has is called the mean of the 9, 4 and 5 pebbles that the children found. 3 To find the mean we add up all the values and divide by the number of values: whole number, or even a quantity that can exist. dogs, Raj has 1 dog and Sara has 1 dog, then this 4 dogs in total. If they could be shared equally, each of the three children would hav and this is clearly impo: But 13 is the mean of the numbers de , Land 1 Semmediexamnle 26 en ose —> In five tests, Alan received marks of 7,8, 7,9 and 4. What is his mean mark? Total marks scored = 7+8+7+9+4 5 0 There are 5 tests. Mean mark = 35 on —> What is the range of his marks? The highest mark is 9 and the lowest mark . The rai iysix stem FOL the fotgy what othe monn marcy ™APKG in a vag 5 9 46/4 ja three different shops, yy and 59. 8 Whats the monn prigy p What is the range Prive g "8 OF 8 CHU Of coe jg 499,09 Of the prieag? Five students decided tg following amounts,’ P°°! their mone, ¥. They put in the £10, £65, £6, 87, ey OP Th Wan in thy b_ Ifthe five studenty had eo much would ¢ : ach have giy ek ¢ What was the monn, ‘0 amount contributed buted to the pool? ‘The ages of the Ee ierA0, AL, 8, 12,8, 101144 ( Find the mean age children in a ‘wimming club are i 2 and the range of aye Find the mean d rang nge of a 24,8,4,7,1,7,6,5,6 b 12, 15,13, 10,24, 16 © 24,35, 44, 28, 34 d 12,15,13,12 e 124,16.5,27.9,3.5,961 The buses that passed the counted school g From this information it was found t buses per hour was 3 How many buses were counted? ‘The 28 students in Class 7R took a math was 15. Carlos was away on the d: His mark was 24 a Will Carlos’s mark increase or d the test? b Whats th mar the test e Findt total 19 siumenaricng ad 0 ogpiseey Sement ‘rm the figures the able we cam gues mat Ne ‘mark we fist need to ack up all he WARS, c to find the sum of the 0S 18,25, Wacoal ds histy Beiagent ma WERE DELS” Qirect from the table. eparatedy ad then ad these wp We can do this eresamale, there are eight 35 so the 8 ARUP rack ofwhat we are bing. ‘New we can see that there are 30 students and their marks ‘ade up te 20, so the mean mark is 90 + 50= S 1 The students in Class 7G gathered this ‘information sbout themselves. family 2 Joshua tessed three coins several times and ‘recorded the number of heads that showed at each toss. ‘His results are shown in the table on the next page. mark is about S.To find the mean, Soe family Seda [| 4paring te Fg WOH the vhs og 19, Bumimariaing. ane PA the rh ja AN Wing pot ts Nena I beter to gi fr he mn sg po a Mecha errs MY tg Hh ee place . [OHV FeaRINS fe yy 4, One® TY Ae ring Bp ented the Humber uty Debi aqoeuit a eheehout ana ret in this tabi TAY her How MANY Linen da ag 5 What it tho i rant poople que amber of ‘The stents in Clasa gp y wore BY asker t0 e000 the iiss of one sound coin that thoy huad wit thom. The distribution atten cui is shown inthe bar ohn a How many students took part? bh What is the total value of the ‘ane pound coins? ¢ What is the range of the number of one pound coins? d__ Ifthe total sum of money represented here was shared out equally among the students, how much would each student have? e Whatis the me: Number of coins ‘an number of one pound coins? “using mean and range to compare two distributions | So far in this cricket season, Tom Batt has played five innings. His scores were 22, 53, 40, | 35 and 25, so his mean score is 35. Reg Wicketaker has also completed five innings of 26, "90, 0, 52 and 17, so his mean score is 37. | There is little difference between the mean scores, but the range of Tom's scores is 53 ~ 22 = 31, and the range of Reg’s scores is 90 - 0 = 90. “Comparing the two batsmen’s scores indicates that, although Tom Batt has a slightly lower batting average, his scores are the more consistent of the two. 349and each one Was . t In the end-of:term tests, nine subjects were $e d her marks were marked out of 20. Sandra took eight subjects a 12, 16, 14, 9, 8, 20, 15, 10 Karen took only five subjects and scored 10, 15, 11, 14, 10 & On average, which girl did better? : b Which an ak nia consistent in the standard she es Mr and Mrs Ng each made a batch of raisin cookies for Bee at the school fete. Out of curiosity they weighed each com found that Mr Ng's weighed 20, 25, 16, 21, 24, 26, 13, 17, 22 and 16 grams Mrs Ng's weighed 22, 21, 18, 17, 20, 20, 21, 19, 20 and 22 grams : Compare the means and ranges of the weights of the two batches ieved? and comment on them. st given These two bar charts illustrate the results of the same test 8 to Group 7P and Group 7B. : ; E 6 :} (in oO 8 sh a 9 10 asec eee 7. Ye Mark - Group 78 4 2 > 10 a3 E 6 4 Z | MaMa aNiCMmAME SI 6507 Mark Find the mean and range of each set of marks Compare the two sets of marks.Es median value of ; paced in ascendin Of Num Bp olan chil ee tease * the val, have joo” Ten Strang, ie BOE) ocder organs Maile nur when (HT 7 Oe OF thet 140 ape eight of the Sth or aig Mia cag idle chitg s Gaem ie g o the median height is 154m. larger. °F12, 18, 24 97 re ares *:24, 37 and 46; two numbers are smaller than 24 and qo find the median of 53, 8, 32 order: 19 and 62, , = in ascending first rearrange the numbers in ascending 8, 16, 19, 32, 49.53 go See . aoen we can see th; ne Middle number of th ambe is an even igihere is an even number of vat, jhe two middle value qo find the mediz 24,29, 31, 32, 34 Then the median is mes Find the median of each of the following ff 1,2, 3, 5,7, 11, 13 6 5, 2 26, 33, 39, 42, 64, 87,90 3 13, 24, 19, 13, 6, 36, 4 4,18, 32, 16,9, 5 1.2,3.4, 3.2, 6.5,9.8,0.4,18 8, 144 9 1.92, 1.84, 1.89, 1.86, 1.96, 1.98, 1.73, 1.88 351Pr SS a _ Worked example ee ‘This tao shows the marks of Clans Fin a ANY > Hind the median mark, ‘There are 33 marks, so the median mark is the 17th mark, oes ict botter than half the class? > Lisa got 4 for this test Is it true to say that she dd be i Yes, because Lisa’s mark is higher than the median mark, ‘ < res These distributions come from Exercise 19b, Find the median of set of values, 10 The students in Class 7G gathered this information about themselves. Rind the median number of children per family. 11 Joshua tossed three coins several times and recorded the number of heads that showed at each toss. His results are shown in the table. Find the median number of h 352‘ r 3, we used bar charts shoe sizes in a groUP Bere erie aoe to show such things as the spread of shoe sizes i — | galoar of a group of people. V hese may be used to | getermine the mode of ibe group. his bar chart shows the ‘oloar selected by 35 people sehen asked to choose their {grourite colour from a card showing six colours. Itshows that the m popular colour, or colour, is tomato red modalWhat is the mode of each of the following sets of numbers? 10, 8, 12, 14, 12, 10, 12, 8, 10, 12, 4 1 2 3,9, 7, 9,5, 4,8,2,4,3,5,9 3 12,18,19, 1.2, 1.8, 1.7, 1.4, 1.3, 1.8 4 58, 59, 62, 56, 63, 54,53 5 5.9, 5.6, 5.8, 5.7, .9, 5.9, 5.8, 5.7 6 26.2, 26.8, 26.4, 26.7, 26.5, 26.4, 26.6, 26.5, 26.4 7 The table shows the number of goals scored by a football club last season. a[5]6 Z wii] 7 [4 Draw a bar chart to show these results and give the modal score- Given below are the marks out of 10 obtained by 30 girls ina history test. 8, 6,5,7,8, 9,10, 10,3, 7,3, 5, 4, 8,7, 8, 10, 9,8,7,10, 9, 9,7,5,4,8,1,9,8 Draw a bar chart to show this information and find the mode. The heights of 10 girls, correct to the nearest centimetre, are 155, 148, 153, 154, 155, 149, 162, 154, 156, 155 What is their modal height? Which measure of central tendency? Shaun was given the following information about the prices of trainers ‘The prices ranged from £15 to £140. The mean price was £65, the median price was £52 and the mode was £45. The mean price involves adding up all the prices, s0 its value takes into account the most expensive trainers and Shaun is probably not interested in those or less. This shows that there is a The median price shows that half the trainers cost £! choice of trainers costing £52 or less. The mode tells Shaun that more than one pair costs £45 ny cost £45. It could be just two pairs. So the median price is the most useful information-— ata 49 Summarising and comparing date de the Mst usefy) y, ven. Gi wey of hi pose GIVEN. Give a ra ASO op MRIs ‘ 1 Youhave alist ofthe if " see min eis want to know if yo, . wg 0 te Aller oo Elva ; Youhove ais giving ie ler thon sie old girls. You item stocked by the al ell st sik You need to } ek hop. O° the lst ta a DUY more 0p, st term of each mast Poptart tek any lo not we b Youbave to uy tre ‘ant to run out of the g, Youhave alist giving the py atty ote in Cairo each day in Ryn decide What clothes ty on February. "ach item, Mand mi inimum tempera for the last m temperature ive years. You nea With you fore °® Years You need to 8 10-day trip to Cairo in 4 Youhave a list of all mode 8 oF inkje nt an idea pt Pints th he price on A4 paper. You wa for one, at will print colour ‘You would have to pay * most useful for each situation Be 3452 pixed exercise 1 Inseven rounds of golf, a golfer gots score of 72, 817, 73, 72, 86,72 and 77 Find the mean, mode and median of these scares 2 The heights (correct to the nearest centimetre) of a group of boys are: 159, 155, 153, 154, 157, 162, 152, 160, 161, 157 Find a theirmeanheight ¢ ¢h b their modalheight 4 median height the range of the heights. 3. The table shows how many students in a form were absent for various numbers of sessions during a certain school week. T T T Number of ] Sli ] [s]o }10| sessions alysont oer Frequency Find a eb themedian the mean. 355Leas oiar yee 1 Ifyou throw a fair dice 60 4 each score 10 time, Aes then in theory you should get ‘quency table would look like this. Taps tates Lireaeney bao bie hee a toy a Find the mean sco: b of this theoretical distribution. Ifyou throw a dice 60 times, you will be very unlikely indeed to get equal numbers of each score. But, if your dice is unbiased, and if you throw it fairly, score near to the theoretic you should get a mean ‘Throw al mean, 4 dice 60 times, record your results and find your mean score, How does your mean compare with the theoretical mean? Can you say whether your dice is likely to be unbiased? Now repeat part b with an obviously biased dice. (You can make one like the one shown on page 362 and stick a bit of Blu-Tack inside one face before you make it up.) Do a search on the Internet to get prices for 500 g of tomatoes from at least ten different suppliers, Write these down as a list and use the information to find a. the range of prices b_ the mean price e the modal pr 357