Professional Documents
Culture Documents
k (GRAVITATION)
Contents
Particular's Page No.
Theory 01 – 27
Handout 28 – 32
Exercise - 1 33 – 37
Part - I : Subjective Question
Part - II : Only one option correct type
Part - III : Match the column
Exercise - 2 38 – 43
Part - I : Only one option correct type
Part - II : Numerical Questions
Part - III : One or more than one options correct type
Part - IV : Comprehension
Exercise - 3 44 – 48
Part - I : JEE(Advanced) / IIT-JEE Problems (Previous Years)
Part - II : JEE(Main) / AIEEE Problems (Previous Years)
Answer Key 49
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Gravitation
xq:Rokd"kZ.k (GRAVITATION)
———————————————————————————————————
1. çLrkouk
u{k=kh; fi.Mks tSls lw;Z] pUnzek] i`Foh rFkk xzgksa dh xfr dh tkudkjh dk fo"k; le; dh 'kq:vkr ls vR;Ur vkd"kZd
jgk gSA Hkkjrh; [kxksyh; 'kkL=kh;ksa us iwoZ le;ksa esa vR;Ur gh çHkko'kkyh dk;Z fd;k gSA ftuesa çeq[k vk;ZHkV~V gS
ftUgksaus lcls igys ;g crk;k fd i`Foh Lo;a dh v{k ds ifjr% ?kw.kZu djrh gSA
,d 'krkCnh i'pkr~ Msfu'k [kxksy'kkL=kh VSdhczsg (Tycho Brahe) (1546-1601) us xzgksa dh xfr ds ckjs esa foLr`r
v/;;u fd;k] ftldk muds f'k"; tkWus'kh dsIyj (Johannes Kepler) (1571-1630) us fooj.k fn;kA dSIyj us
viuh [kkst dks xzgksa dh xfr ds rhu fu;eksa esa lehdj.kc) fd;kA
(vkdkj, vkd`fr] nzO;eku bR;kfn) ij fuHkZj ugha djrk vkSj lHkh txg fdlh Hkh le; ij leku jgrk gSA blh dkj.k
bldks xq:Rokd"kZ.k dk lkoZf=kd fu;rkad dgrs gSA
Fr 2 [MLT 2 ][L2 ]
G dk foeh; lw=k : G = = = [M–1 L3 T–2 ]
m1m2 [M2 ]
lfn'k :i esa U;wVu dk xq:Rokd"kZ.k fu;e :
Gm1m2 Gm1m2
F12 = – r̂12 & F21 = r̂21
r2 r2
;gk¡ F12 , m2 nzO;eku }kjk m1 ij yxk;k x;k cy gS
r̂12 : m1 dk m2 ds lkis{k fLFkfr lfn'k
rFkk blds foijhr rˆ12 rˆ21
Gm1m2
vr% F21 rˆ12 dh mijksDr lw=k ls rqyuk djus ij F12 F21
r2
xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy ds eq[; xq.k/keZ %
(i) nks oLrqvksa ds chp xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy fØ;k çfrfØ;k ;qXe ds :i esa ik;k tkrk gS vFkkZr~ cy]ifjek.k esa cjkcj
ijUrq fn'kk esa foijhr gksrk gSA
(ii) xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy dsUnzh; cy gksrs gS vFkkZr~ budh fØ;k js[kk nksuksa oLrqvksa dks feykus okyh js[kk ds e/; fcUnq
(dsUnzd) dh rjQ gksrh gSA
(iii) nks oLrqvksa ds e/; dk;Zjr xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy muds chp mifLFkr ek/;e dh çd`fÙk ij fuHkZj ugha djrk gSA
(iv) nks oLrqvksa ds chp dk;Zjr xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy rhljh oLrq dh mifLFkfr ij fuHkZj ugha djrkA
(v) gYdh oLrqvksa dh fLFkfr esa xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy ux.; gksrk gSA ijUrq Hkkjh oLrqv ksa tSls % rkjksa vksSj xzgksa ds chp esa
;g cy çHkkoh gksrk gSA
(vi) xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy yEch nwjh ds cy gSa vFkkZr~ nks oLrqvksa ds chp xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy rc dk;Z djrk gSA tc muds
chp dh nwjh cgqr vf/kd gksA mnkgj.kr;k lw;Z rFkk i`Foh ds chp xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy 1027 N ds ifjek.k dk gksrk
gS] tcfd buds chp nwjh 1.5 × 108 km gSA
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ADVGR - 1
Gravitation
{Solved Example}
Example 1. nks le:i xksyksa ds dsUnz ,d nwljs ls 1.0 ehVj nwjh ij gSA ;fn nksuksa ds chp xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy ,d U;wVu
gks rks çR;sd xksys dk nzO;eku Kkr djksA (G = 6.67 × 10–11 m3 kg–1 sec–2)
Gm.m
Solution : xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy F =
r2
F = 1.0 N, r = 1.0 m vkSj G = 6.67 × 10–11 m3 kg–1 sec–1
eku j[kus ij m = 1.224 × 105 kg
Example 2. rhu leku oLrq,sa ftudk nzO;eku M gS] L Hkqtk okys leckgq f=kHkqt ds dksuksa ij fLFkr gSA ;s lHkh fdl
pky ls xfr djsaxh ;fn ;s lHkh ,d&nwljs ds vU;ksU; çHkko esa o`Ùkkdkj iFk esa leckgq f=kHkqt ds dksuksa dks
cuk;s j[krs gq, xfr djrs gS ?
Solution : ekuk A, B vkSj C rhuksa nzO;eku xfr djrs gq, O dsUnz dk o`Ùk cukrs gSA bl o`Ùk dh f=kT;k
L L 2 L
R= sec 30° = = .
2 2 3 3
ekuk o`Ùk ds vuqfn'k çR;sd nzO;eku M dh pky v gSA A fcUnq ij nzO;eku dh xfr dks ns[kus ij bl ij B
o C ij fLFkr nzO;ekuksa ds dkj.k xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy yxrk gSA vr% ifj.kkeh cy
GM2 GM2
, AB dh vksj vkSj , AC dh vksj
L2 L2
bl çdkj ifj.kkeh cy
GM2 3GM2
2 cos30° = , AD dh vksj
L2 L2
bl f=kHkqt dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy, vko';d vfHkdsUnzh; cy
3GM2 Mv 2 3Mv 2
=
L2 R L
GM
[ R = L/ 3 ] ;k v =
L
———————————————————————————————————
v/;kjksi.k dk fla)kr
fdlh d.k ij vU; fdlh d.k }kjk yxk;s x;s cy ij ml LFkku ij fLFkr vU;
lHkh d.kksa }kjk yxk;s x;s cyksa dk dksbZ izHkko ugh iM+rk gSA vr% ml d.k ij
ifj.kkeh cy vU; lHkh d.kksa }kjk vyx&vyx yxk;sa x;s cyksa ds lfn'k ;ksx ds
rqY; gksrk gSaA bls v/;kjksi.k dk fla)kr dgrs gSA
F F1 F2 F3 .......
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ADVGR - 2
Gravitation
{Solved Example}
Example 1. fp=kkuqlkj leku æO;eku m ds pkj d.k 'a' Hkqtk ds oxZ ds dksuksa ij j[ks gq, gSA izR;sd d.k ij vkjksfir
cy ds ifjek.k dh x.kuk djksA
Solution :
a
m m
45º
45º F
a 1
m m
2G.m2 1 Gm2 G.m2
Fr = izR;sd d.k ij ifj.kkeh cy = 2F cos 45º + F1 = = (2 2 1)
a2 2 ( 2a)2 2a2
Example 2.
NM+
fcUnq nzO;eku ‘m’ ds dkj.k le:i NM+ (nzO;eku ‘M’ rFkk ’’) ij xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy dh x.kuk djksA
G dM m
Solution : dF = vYika'k ij {kSfrt fn'kk esa cy =
(x a)2
M
tgk¡ dM = dx.
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ADVGR - 4
Gravitation
Example 3. M nzO;eku rFkk R f=kT;k dh le:i ds dkj.k dsUæ ls v{k ij x nwjh ij fLFkr fcUnq ij xq:Roh; {ks=k dh
x.kuk djksA
Solution :
pdrh (M, R)
dr
r
P
dE
x
GdMx
dE = (oy; ds dkj.k xq:Roh; {ks=k)
(x r 2 )3 / 2
2
M 2M
dM = . 2rdr = 2 rdr
R 2
R
2GMx
R
G.2Mxrdr rdr
dE = 2 2 2 3 / 2
R (x r )
E=
0 R 2 (x 2 r 2 )3 / 2
2GMx 1 1
E=
R2 x x R
2 2
Example 4. M nzO;eku rFkk R f=kT;k ds ,d leku xksyh; dks'k ds fy, dsUnz ls r nwjh ij fuEufyf[kr nks fLFkfr;ks ds
fy, xq:Roh; {ks=k dh x.kuk djksA
(a) r R
(b) r < R
Solution : ekuha xbZ oy; ds dkj.k P ij xq:Roh; {ks=k oy; dh f=kT;k = Rsin
Rd
GdM
dE = 2
. cos rR d
M P
dM = x 2 R sin Rd
4R2 r
M
dM = sin d
2
GM sin cos d
dE =
2 2
vc 2 = R2 + r 2 – 2rR cos ........(1)
R 2 = 2 + r2 – 2r cos ........(2)
2
r 2 R2 R2 r 2 2
cos = cos =
2 r 2rR
lehdj.k (1) dk vodyu djus ij
2 d = 2rR sin d
GM d 2
r 2 R2 GM r 2 R2
dE = . . dE = 1 d
2 2 Rr (2 r) 4Rr 2 2
GM r R r R d GM
E= dE =
4Rr 2 r-R
(r 2 R2 )
r R 2
E=
r2
, r R
;fn fcUnq dks'k ds vUnj gks rks lhek cnydj [ (R–r) ls R + r ] gks tk;sxhA
E = 0 tc r < R
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ADVGR - 5
Gravitation
Example 5. nks xzg A vkSj B ftuds nzO;eku Øe'k% mA vkSj mB rFkk f=kT;k,a Øe'k% RA vkSj RB gS rks mudh lrgksa ij
mifLFkr xq:Roh; {ks=k ds e/; lEcU/k Kkr djksA (i) nksuksa ds nzO;eku leku gSA (ii) nksuksa dk ?kuRo leku
gSA
Solution : ekuk EA vkSj EB Øe'k% xzgksa A vkSj B dh lrg ij xq:Roh; {ks=k dh rhozrk gS rks
4
G R3A A
GmA 3 4G
EA = = RA
R2A R2A 3 A
GmB 4G
blh çdkj EB = B RB
RB2 3
EA R2
(i) mA = mB ds fy, = 2B
EB RA
EA RA
(ii) A = B ds fy,
EB RB
———————————————————————————————————
4. xq:Roh; foHko
fdlh Hkh oLrq ds xq:Roh; {ks=k esa mifLFkr fdlh fcUnq ij xq:Roh; foHko] xq:Roh; cy ds fo:) fdlh ,dkad
nzO;eku dh oLrq dks /khjs&/khjs ¼xfrt ÅtkZ esa fcuk ifjorZu½ vuUr ls ml fcUnq rd foLFkkfir djus es fd, x,
dk;Z ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
fdlh fcUnq vkos'k ds dkj.k xq:Roh; foHko :
xq:Roh; foHko fLFkj fo|qrdh eas fo|qr foHko ds leku gSA ekuk ,dkad
nzO;eku dks nzO;eku M dh rjQ dr nwjh rd foLFkkfir fd;k tkrk gS
rks fd;k x;k dk;Z
GM
dW = F dr = dr
r2
r GM GM
d.k dks vuUr ls fcUnq P rd ys tkus esa fd;k x;k dqy dk;Z W = dW dr .
r2 r
GM
bl çdkj xq:Roh; foHko V
r
xq:Roh; foHko dk ek=kd twy@fdxzk0 gksrk gS rFkk xq:Roh; foHko dk foeh; lw=k = dk;Z@nzO;eku
dk;Z [ML2 T 2 ]
= = [M°L2 T–2].
æO;eku [M]
{Solved Example}
Example 1.
fcUnq P ij f}&nzO;eku fudk; ds fy, foHko dh x.kuk djksa] fcUnq Q ij foHko D;k gksxkA cká dkjd }kjk
bdkbZ nzO;eku dks P ls Q rd ys tkus esa fd;s x;s dk;Z dh x.kuk djksA xq:Roh; foHko ds }kjk fd;k x;k
dk;Z D;k gksxk\
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ADVGR - 6
Gravitation
Solution :
Gm
(i) VP1 = '1' ij fLFkr 'm' nzO;eku ds dkj.k fcUnq P ij foHko = –
Gm 2Gm
VP2 = – VP = VP1 + VP2 = –
GM
(ii) VQ 1
/2
Gm Gm Gm 4Gm
VQ 2 VQ = VQ1 + VQ2 = =–
/2 /2 /2
fcUnq Q ij cy = 0
2GM
(iii) ckádkjd }kjk dk;Z = (VQ – VP) × 1 =
2GM
(iv) xq:Roh; foHko }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z = VP – VQ =
Example 2. M æO;eku rFkk R f=kT;k dh ,d oy; dh v{k ij dsUnz ls 'x' nwjh ij fLFkr fcUnq ‘P’ ij foHko dh x.kuk
djksA
Solution : P ij foHko oy;
Gm1 Gm2
VP = – .......
R x
2 2
R2 x 2
G GM
– (m1 m2 .....) –
R2 x 2 R2 x 2
G.M
oy; ds dsUnz ij foHko = –
R
———————————————————————————————————
5. xq:Roh; {ks=k rFkk xq:Roh; foHko esa lEcU/k
ckº; cy }kjk ,dkad nzO;eku dks ,d fcUnq ls nwljs fcUnq rd {ks=k E dh fn'kk esa /khjs&/khjs dr nwjh rd foLFkkfir
djus esa fd;k x;k dk;Z = ckº; cy × r; dh xbZ nwjh = – Edr.
vFkkZr~ dV = – Edr
V
E=– ( V, dk Hkh Qyu gS)
r
bl çdkj fdlh Hkh fcUnq ij xq:Roh; {ks=k ml fcUnq ij _.kkRed foHko ço.krk ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
{Solved Example}
Example 1. fdlh LFkku ij xq:Roh; {ks=k E = 20 (iˆ ˆj) N/kg gS] rks fcUnq A(5m, 4m) rFkk ewy fcUnq (0, 0) ds e/;
xq:Roh; foHkokUrj (J/kg esa) Kkr djksA
(A) 'kwU; (B) 20 2
(C) – 20 2 (D) ifjHkkf"kr ugha dj ldrsA
Answer : (A)
( 5,4 )
Solution : VA – V0 = 20( î ĵ).(dxî dyĵ) = –20 [(5–0) + (4 – 0)] = –180 J/kg
( 0,0 )
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ADVGR - 7
Gravitation
Example 2. mijksDr mnkgj.k esa ewy fcUnq (0, 0) ls fcUnq (5, 4) rd 1kg ds d.k dks foLFkkfir djus esa fd;k x;k dk;Z
(J esa) Kkr djksA
(A) – 180 (B) 180 (C) – 90 (D) 'kwU;
Answer : (B)
Solution : W = m (Vf – Vi) = m(VA – V0) = 1 (–180) = –180 J
———————————————————————————————————
6. fHkUu&fHkUu oLrqvksa ds fy, xq:Roh; {kS=k o xq:Roh; foHko
GM GM GMr
I. oy; V= vFkok 2 2 1/ 2 ,oa E= r̂
x (a r ) (a r 2 )3 / 2
2
GMcos
;k E = –
x2
xq:Roh; {ks=k dk vf/kdre eku nwjh r = ± a 2 ij 2GM / 3 3a2 ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
(a) foHko :
GM
V=– n (sec 0 + tan 0 )
L
GM L L2 d2
=– n
L d
(b) xq:Roh; {ks=k dh rhozrk :
GM GM
E=– sin 0 =
Ld d L2 d2
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ADVGR - 8
Gravitation
III. vuUr yEckbZ ds js[kh; nzO;eku ?kuRo ds dkj.k] ;gk¡ 0 = .
2
M 2G
vkSj lhfer yEckbZ dh NM+ dh fLFkfr esa = gS vkSj xq:Roh; {ks=k dh rhozrk E =
2L d
vuUr yEckbZ rd nzO;eku forj.k ds dkj.k foHko ifjHkkf"kr ugha gksrkA bl çdkj ds nzO;eku forj.k ds fy,
foHkokUrj ifjHkkf"kr ugha gksrkA ;gk¡ ij vuUr yEckbZ dh NM+ ij Øe'k% d1 vkSj d2 nwjh ij fLFkr fcUnqvksa P1
d2
vkSj P2 ds e/; foHkokUrj v12 = 2G n
d1
IV. le:i Bksl xksyk %
GM
(a) xksys ds vUnj fLFkr fdlh fcUnq P ij r < a, rks V = (3a2 r 2 )
2a3
GMr 3GM
,oa E = – vkSj dsUnz ij V = – vkSj E = 0
a3 2a
(b) xksys ls ckgj fLFkr fcUnq P ij r > a,
GM GM
rks V = vkSj E=–
r r2
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ADVGR - 9
Gravitation
(a) dks'k ds vUnj fLFkr fdlh fcUnq P ij
GM
r < a, rks V = vkSj E=0
a
(b) dks'k ds ckgj fLFkr fdlh fcUnq P ij
GM GM
r > a, rks V = vkSj E = – 2
r r
VI. le:i eksVk xksyh; dks'k %
M M
(a) dks'k ds ckgj fLFkr fcUnq ij V = – G ; E=–G
r r2
3 R2 R1
(b) dks'k ds vUnj fLFkr fcUnq ij V = – GM 2
rFkk E = 0
R R1R2 R1
2
2 2
r
GMm GMm
dW = F dr =
r2
dr dW r2
dr
GMm
xq:Rokd"kZ.k fLFkfrt ÅtkZ U
r
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ADVGR - 10
Gravitation
xq:Rokd"kZ.k fLFkfrt ÅtkZ esa o`f)
tc ,d m nzO;eku dh oLrq dks i`Foh lrg ls h (r2 = Re + h) Åpk¡bZ rd /khjs /khjs ys tk;k tkrk gS rks
nzO;eku&i`Foh fudk; dh fLFkfrt ÅtkZ esa ifjorZu (i.e., r1 = Re) = bl izØe ds fy, vko';d dk;Z = Uf – Ui =
m(vf – vi)
GMe GMe vfUre
W ext = U = (m) – –
Re h Re
1 1
W ext = U = GMem izkjfEHkd
Re Re h
GMem
1
= 1 1 h
Re Re
D;ksfd h << Re ,vr% f}in izes; ds foLrkj ls
GMem h GMe
W cká = U = 1 1 = (m) 2
h
Re Re Re
W cká = U = mgh
;g lw=k dsoy h << Re ds fy;s ekU; gS
{Solved Example}
Example 1. m nzO;eku dh dbZ oLrq i`Foh dh lrg ij j[kh gSA bl oLrq dks fuEu m¡pkbZ rd igq¡pkus esa vko';d dk;Z
Kkr djks tc h gS &
Re
(i) h =
1000
(ii) h = Re
Solution :
Re
(i) h = , pawfd h << Re, blfy,
1000
mi;ksx dj ldrs gSA
W ext = U = mgh
GMe Re GMem
W ext = (m) 2 =
Re 1000 1000R e
(ii) bl fLFkfr esa h, Re ls NksVk ugh gSA vr% ge U = mgh dk mi;ksx ugha dj ldrs gSA
W ext = U = Uf – Ui= m(Vf – Vi)
GMe GMe
W ext = m –
Re Re Re
GMem
W ext = –
2Re
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ADVGR - 11
Gravitation
Example 2. fdlh oLrq ds fy, og osx Kkr djks ftlds }kjk mldks i`Foh lrg ls Åij dh vksj Qsadus ij ;g 10R
Å¡pkbZ rd igq¡p tk,A ;gka R i`Foh dh f=kT;k 6.4 × 106 m gSA (i`Foh dk nzO;eku = 6 × 1024 kg,
xq:Rokd"kZ.k fu;rkad G = 6.7 × 10–11 N-m2/kg2)
GMm
Solution : i`Foh lrg ij m nzO;eku dh oLrq dh xq:Roh; fLFkfrt ÅtkZ U (R) = –
R
;gk¡ M i`Foh dk nzO;eku (tks fd blds dsUnz ij dsfUnzr gSA) vkSj R i`Foh dh f=kT;k gSA bl oLrq dh i`Foh
lrg ls 10R Åpk¡bZ vFkkZr~ i`Foh ds dsUnz ls 11R nwjh ij oLrq dh fLFkfrt ÅtkZ
GMm
U (11 R) =
11R
GMm GMm 10 GMm
fLFkfrt ÅtkZ esa ifjorZu U (11 R) – U(R) = – – =
11R R 11 R
;g ifjorZu oLrq dh çkjfEHkd xfrt ÅtkZ ds dkj.k mRiUu gksrk gSA ekuk oLrq dks Åij dh rjQ v pky
1 1 10 GMm
ls Qsadk tkrk gSA rks bldh çkjfEHkd xfrt ÅtkZ mv2 gksxhA rks mv2 =
2 2 11 R
20 GM
vFkok v=
11 R
Example 3. nks d.kksa ds nzO;eku Øe'k% m1 vkSj m2 gS] çkjEHk esa nksauks ijLij vuUr nwjh ij fLFkr gSA xq:Rokd"kZ.k
vU;ksU; fØ;k ds dkj.k ,d nwljs dh rjQ xfr djrs gSa rks fl) djks fd fdlh {k.k ij muds ikl vkus
dk lkis{k osx 2G(m1 m2 ) /R gSA ;gk¡ R fdlh {k.k ij nksuksa ds chp dh nwjh gSA
Solution :
Method 1.
Gm1m2
r nwjh ij m1, m2 nzO;eku ds chp xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy F1 =
r2
F1 Gm
blh dkj.k m1 nzO;eku dk Roj.k a1 = 22
m1 r
Gm1
blh çdkj m2 nzO;eku dk Roj.k a2 = –
r2
a2 ds vkxs _.kkRed fpUg crkrk gS fd a2 dh fn'kk a1 ls foijhr gSA nksuksa ds chp lkis{k Roj.k
G(m1 m2 )
a = a1 – a2 = ....(1)
r2
dv dv dr
;fn v lkis{k osx gks rks a = = .
dt dr dt
dr
– = v (_.kkRed fpUg crkrk gS fd t ds c<+us ij r nwjh ?kVrh gSA )
dt
dv
a=– v. ....(2)
dr
G(m1 m2 )
lehdj.k (1) o (2) ls v dv = – dr
r2
v2 G(m1 m2 )
lekdyu djus ij = +C
2 r
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ADVGR - 12
Gravitation
r = ij , v = 0 (fn;k gS),
2G(m1 m2 )
vr% C = 0. v2 =
r
2G(m1 m2 )
ekuk v = vR tcfd r = R rc vR =
R
Method 2.
(laosx rFkk ÅtkZ laj{k.k fl)kUr ls) :
pwafd d.k muds vU;ksU; vkd"kZ.k cy ds dkj.k xfr djrs gSa vr% Fexternal = 0 gS, NksM+rs le; rFkk muds
e/; nwjh R gksus dh fLFkfr;ksa ds e/; laosx laj{k.k }kjk
m1v 1
m1v1 – m2v2 = 0 v2 = …(i)
m2
1 1 Gm1m2
dqy ÅtkZ laj{k.k }kjk: 0 m1v12 m2 v 22
2 2 R
1 m Gm m
lehdj.k (i) }kjk : m1v12 1 1 1 2
2 m 2 R
2G
v1 = m2
(m1 m2 )R
2G
blh izdkj, v2 = m1
(m1 m2 )R
2G(m1 m2 )
vr% lkis{k osx vR = v1 + v2 =
R
———————————————————————————————————
8. xq:Roh; Lo&ÅtkZ
fdlh Hkh oLrq dh xq:Roh; Lo&ÅtkZ] vuUr ij fLFkr d.kksa dks fdlh ckº; cy }kjk oLrq (d.kksa dk fudk;) dks
cukus esa fd;s x;s dk;Z ds cjkcj gksrh gSA
n d.kksa ds fudk; ds fy, xq:Roh; Lo&ÅtkZ
'r' vkSlr nwjh ij fLFkr n d.kksa dh fLFkfrt ÅtkZ d.kksa ds vU;ksU; xq:Roh; vkd"kZ.k ds dkj.k lHkh d.k ;qXeksa dh
mim j
fLFkfrt ÅtkZvksa ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gksxhA vFkkZr~ Us = – G
lHkh ; qXeksa ds fy,
rij
, ;gk¡ rij Øe'k% ith rFkk jth d.kksa ds e/;
ji
nwjh gSA
1 in j n mim j 1
O;atd dks bl çdkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gS Us = – G ( Hkkx mRiUu gksus dk dkj.k gS fd lHkh inksa dks
2 i1 j 1 rij 2
j i
1 m2
Us = – Gn (n – 1)
2 r
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ADVGR - 13
Gravitation
le:i xksys (rkjs) dh xq:Roh; Lo&ÅtkZ
4 3
3 r 4r dr
2
Uxksyk = – G
r
M 1
;gk¡ = = – G (4)2 r4 dr,
4 3 3
3 R
R
r5
2
3 4 3 1
R
1 1
Urkjk = – G (4)2 r 4 dr = – G (4)2 =– G R .
3 0 3 5 0 5 3 R
3 GM2
Urkjk = –
5 R
9. xq:Roh; Roj.k :
;g ,d Roj.k gS tksfd i`Foh lrg ds fudV eqDr :i ls fxjrh oLrq }kjk i`Foh ds xq:Rokd"kZ.k ds dkj.k çkIr fd;k
tkrk gSA og xq.k ftlds }kjk okLro esa ,d oLrq nwljh ij xq:Roh; f[kapko vkjksfir djrh gS ;k eglwl djkrh gS
rFkk ftlds dkj.k oLrq viuh voLFkk ifjorZu ;k le:i xfr esa ifjorZu dk fojks/k djrh gS] bldk tM+Roh;
nzO;eku m dgykrk gSA bl çdkj ;fn xq:Roh; {ks=k dh rhozrk i`Foh ds fdlh fcUnq P ij E gks rFkk bl fcUnq ij
xq:Roh; Roj.k g gks rks m g = mG E
pwafd xq:Roh; o tM+Roh; nzO;eku lHkh oLrqvksa ds ekiu esa vR;f/kd
;FkkZdrk ds dkj.k yxHkx leku gksrs gSA
vFkkZr~ g = E
i`Foh lrg ij xq:Roh; {ks=k dh rhozrk dk xf.krh; eku xq:Roh; Roj.k
ds cjkcj gksrk gSA vr% i`Foh
GMe
g
Re 2
;gk¡, Me = i`Foh dk nzO;eku
Re = i`Foh dh f=kT;k
uksV : ;gk¡ i`Foh dk nzO;eku forj.k xksyh; lefer :i ls xksys ds vUnj ekuk x;k gSA blfy, lEiw.kZ nzO;eku dks
g dh x.kuk ds fy, blds dsUnz ij dsfUnzr ekurs gSA blh izdkj i`Foh ds lEiw.kZ vk;ru ds vUnj vkSlr lefer
?kuRo ekuk tk ldrk gSA
10. xq:Ro ds dkj.k Roj.k esa ifjorZu
10.1. Å¡pkbZ dk çHkko %
GMe
i`Foh lrg ij xq:Ro ds dkj.k Roj.k g =
R 2e
;fn oLrq dks i`Foh lrg ls 'h' ij fLFkr ekus rks 'h' Å¡pkbZ ij xq:Ro ds dkj.k Roj.k
fuEu lw=k ls fn;k tkrk gSA
2
GMe h 2h
gh = = g 1 ~ g 1
Re h
2
Re Re
tc h << R.
2gh
'h' Åpk¡bZ ij 'g' ds eku es deh = g – gh = rks 'g' ds eku esa çfr'kr deh
Re
g gh 2h
'g' = 100 100%
g Re
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ADVGR - 14
Gravitation
10.2. xgjkbZ dk çHkko %
GMem
i`Foh lrg ij xq:Rokd"kZ.k f[kapko cy oLrq ds Hkkj ds cjkcj gksrk gSA vFkkZr~ mg =
R2e
4 3
G Re m
3 4
mg = vFkok g = G Re .....(1)
R2e 3
tc oLrq d xgjkbZ ij fLFkr gks rks dsoy (Re – d) f=kT;k ds xksys dk nzO;eku gh xq:Rokd"kZ.k f[kapko ds fy, çHkkoh
gksxk vkSj ckº; dks'k] nzO;eku ij dksbZ ifj.kkeh çHkko ugha MkysxkA ;fn Bksl xksys dh lrg ij xq:Roh; Roj.k gd
gks rks
4
gd = G(Re – d) .....(2)
3
d
gd = g 1
Re
eq[; fcUnq %
Re
(i) i`Foh ds dsUnz ij, d = Re vr% gdsUnz = g 1 = 0 vFkkZr~ oLrq dk Hkkj (mg) i`Foh ds dsUnz ij 'kwU; gksrk gSA
Re
i`Foh
gg d
(ii) xgjkbZ ij 'g' ds eku esa çfr'kr deh = d
100 % = 100 %
g Re
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ADVGR - 15
Gravitation
———————————————————————————————————
10.3. i`Foh ds vkdkj dk çHkko %
i`Foh dh Hkwe/;h; f=kT;k] /kzqoh; f=kT;k ls 21 km T;knk gSA vFkkZr~ oLrq dks Hkwe/; js[kk ls /kzoq ksa dh rjQ ys tkus ij
oLrq dk Hkkj c<+rk gSA
GMe
ge tkurs gS fd g = vr% g/kzqo > gHkwe/; vFkkZr~ oLrq dks Hkwe/; js[kk ls /kqzoksa dh rjQ ysa tkus ij oLrq dk dk
R 2e
Hkkj c<+rk gSA
lfn'k ;ksx ds lekUrj prqHkZt fu;e ls m nzO;eku ij ifj.kkeh cy dh fn'kk PQ ds vuqfn'k gksrh gSA
F = [(mg)2 + (m2 Re cos)2 + {2mg × m2 Re cos} cos (180 – )]1/2
= [(mg)2 + (m2 Re cos)2 – (2m2 g2 Re cos) cos]1/2
1/ 2
R 2 2 R 2
= mg 1 e cos2 2 e cos2
g g
= 7.3 × 10–5 rad/s gS, vr% 4 ds in dks ux.; ekuk tk ldrk gSA f}in izlkj ds i'pkr~ mPp inksa dks NksM+us
ds ckn
1
2R e 2 cos2 2 R e 2 cos2
F mg1 = mg1
g g
F
g' = = g – 2Recos2
m
Re 2
/kzqoksa ij = 90° g/kzqoks = g, Hkwe/; js[kk ij = 0° gHkwe/; = g 1 vr% g/kzqoksa > gHkwe/;
g
Re 2
;fn oLrq dks /kzqokss ls Hkwe/; js[kk ij ysdj tk;s rks g = g 1
g
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ADVGR - 16
Gravitation
R 2
mg mg 1 e
100 mRe 100 Re 100
2 2
g
vr% Hkkj esa çfr'kr ifjorZu =
mg mg g
Ki + Ui = Kf + Uf
1 GMe GMe 2GMe
m0 v 2e + m0 = 0 + m0 ve =
2 R (r ) R
2GMe
i`Foh dh lrg ls iyk;u osx v e
R
G, Me, vkSj R dk eku j[kus ij Ve = 11.2 km/s.
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ADVGR - 17
Gravitation
Solution : ekuk ge d.k dks v osx ls izs{ksfir djrs gS] ftlls ;g (r ).ij igq¡p tk;sA
ÅtkZ laj{k.k fu;e dk mi;ksx djus ij
Ki + Ui = Kf + Uf
2
1
m0v2 + m0
GMe
3R 2 R =0+0
2 2R 3 2
11GMe
v= = Ve ml fLFkfr ij
4R
Example 2. ,sls xzg dh f=kT;k Kkr djks ftl ij dwnus ij O;fDr iyk;u dj tk,A i`Foh ij bl O;fDr dh dwnus dh
{kerk 1.5 m gSA xzg dk ?kuRo i`Foh ds leku gSA
1 GMPm
Solution : xzg ds fy, : mv2 – =0
2 Rp
1 GMPm
mv 2 =
2 Rp
1 GM
i`Foh ij mv 2 = m 2 E h
2 RE
GMPm GME .m Mp MEh
= .h =
Rp RE2 Rp RE2
( 4 / 3)Rp3 ( 4 / 3)RE3 h
?kuRo () leku gSA vr% =
Rp RE2
RP = REh
Example 3. nks rkjksa ds chp dh nwjh 10 a gSA buds nzO;eku Øe'k% M vkSj 16 M gS vkSj f=kT;k;sa Øe'k a vkSj 2a gSA
cM+s rkjs ls ,d oLrq dks lh/ks NksVs rkjs dh vksj Qsadk tkrk gS rks tc ;g oLrq NksVs rkjs ij igq¡psxh rks
bldh U;wure pky D;k gksxh \
Solution : ekuk nksuksa ds dsUnzksa dks feykus okyh js[kk ds fcUnq P ij dqy
{ks=k 'kwU; gS rks
GM G (16M)
rks =0
r 2
(10a r )2
(10a – r)2 = 16 r2 10a – r = 4r r = 2a
ekuk cM+s rkjs ls bl d.k dks ç{ksfir djus ij bruh vko';d ÅtkZ ns nh tk;s gS fd ;g bl fcUnq dks ikj
dj tk;s gS rks ;g NksVs rkjs ij igq¡p tk,xkA blds fy, oLrq dks nh xbZ xfrt ÅtkZ mldh ;kaf=kd ÅtkZ
esa dqy o`f) ds cjkcj gksxh] tks fd P fcUnq ij fLFkfrt ÅtkZ ds cjkcj gSA vr% fcUnq P ij xq:Roh; foHko
GM G (16M) GM 2GM 5GM
Vp = = .
r (10a r ) 2a a 2a
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ADVGR - 18
Gravitation
vc ;fn cM+s xzg ls QSads x;s d.k ds ikl bl fcUnq P dks ikj djus ds fy, i;kZIr ÅtkZ gS rks ;g NksVs
xzg ij igq¡p tk,xkA blds fy,] oLrq dks nh xbZ xfrt ÅtkZ bldh dqy ;kaf=kd ÅtkZ dk eku P fcUnq ij
fLFkfrt ÅtkZ ds eku rd c<+kus ds fy, i;kZIr gksuk pkfg,A
1 G (16M)m GMm
vFkkZr~ mv 2 = mVp
2 2a 8a
v 2 8GM GM 5GM
;k
2 a 8a 2a
45GM 3 5GM
;k v2 = ;k vfuEure =
4a 2 a
———————————————————————————————————
12. xzgks dh xfr ds fy;s dsiyj fu;e
ekuk ,d xzg] lw;Z ds pkjks rjQ pDdj pxkrk gS ;k dksbZ mixzg i`Foh ds pkjks vksj pDdj yxkrk gS] rc xzgks dh
xfr dks dsiyj fu;eks ls le>k tk ldrk gSA
ge lw;Z rFkk xzgksa dks fcUnqor~ æO;eku eku ldrs gSa D;ksafd buds e/; nwjh cgqr vf/kd gSA lkSj e.My esa lw;Z dk
æO;eku vU; oLrqvksa dh rqyuk esa vR;f/kd gSA bldh xfr vU; xzgksa ds xq:Ro ds dkj.k vizHkkfor jgrh gSA
12.1. d{kk dk fu;e
izR;sd xzg lw;Z ds pkjks rjQ lw;Z nh?kZo`Ùkkdkj d{kk esa pDdj yxkrk gS vkSj lw;Z nh?kZo`r dh d{kk ds ,d Qksdl ij
fLFkr gksrk gSA ¼;|fi o`fÙk; iFk ¼d{kk½ nh?kZo`Ùkkdkj d{kk dk mileqPp; gksrk gSSA½
xzg
v
r
lw;Z
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ADVGR - 19
Gravitation
lw;Z
f=kT;h; lfn'k
}kjk dkVk x;k {ks=kQy
ekuk dksbZ xzg lw;Z ds pkjks rjQ ?kw.kZu dj jgk gS] vkSj fdlh
le; bldk osx v gSA f=kT;k lfn'k ( r ) vkSj osx ( v ) ds e/;
dks.k gSA dt le; es ;g vdt nwjh r; djrk gSA bl dt le;
esa f=kT;h; lfn'k }kjk r; {ks=kQy OAB gS ftls f=kHkqt eku
ldrs gSA lw;Z
dA = 1/2 (vk/kkj) (yEccr~ Å¡pkbZ)
dA = 1/2 (r) (vdtsin)
dA 1
vr% r; {ks=kQy dh nj = vr sin
dt 2
dA 1 mvr sin
ge dg ldrs gS] =
dt 2 m
tgka mvr sin = lw;Z dk pkjks rjQ dks.kh; laosx gS] tks fd lajf{kr (fu;r) jgrk gSA
dA L xzg / lw;Z
= = fu;r
dt 2m
vr% f=kT;h; lfn'k }kjk r; {ks=kQy dh nj fu;r jgrh gSA
{Solved Example}
x2 y2
Example 1. ekuk dksbZ xzg lw;Z ds pkjks rjQ fn;s x;s nh?kZo`Ùkh; iFk esa ?kw.kZu dj jgk gS] rFkk = 1 ?kw.kZu dk
a2 b2
vkorZdky Kkr djks ;fn lw;Z ds pkjks rjQ xzg dk dks.kh; laosx L gSA
lw;Z
dA L
Solution : r; {ks=kQy dh nj = fu;rkad
dt 2m
L
dA = dt
2m
A ab t T
L L
A 0
dA =
t 0
2m
dt ab =
2m
T
2mab
T=
L
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ADVGR - 20
Gravitation
———————————————————————————————————
12.3. vkorZdky dk fu;e %
ekuk fd ,d xzg lw;Z ds pkjks rjQ o`Ùkh; d{k esa ?kw.kZu dj jgk gS] xzg
m
rks
r
mv 2 GMsm GMs
v=
r r2 r
2r r Ms lw;Z
?kw.kZu dk vkorZdky T = = 2r
v GMs
4 2 3
T2 = r T 2 r3
GMs
lw;Z ds lkjs xzgksa ds fy,, T2 r3
* ;fn xzg nh?kZoÙkhZ; d{kk esa pDdj dkV jgk gS rc T2 a3 tgkW a = nh?kZo`r dh v/kZnh?kZ v{k gS
{Solved Example}
Example 1. i`Foh vkSj c`gLifr] lw;Z ds nks xzg gSA i`Foh dh vkSlr d{kh; f=kT;k 1.5 × 108 km vkSj c`gLifr dh
6 × 108 km gSA i`Foh dk ?kw.kZu vkoZr&dky T = 365 fnu gS] c`gLifr dk ?kw.kZu vkoZr dky Kkr djks A
3
slope
2
1 4 2
C log
2 GMs
log r
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ADVGR - 21
Gravitation
———————————————————————————————————
13. xzg ds pkjks rjQ mixzg dh o`rh; xfr
ekuk m0 nzO;eku dk dksbZ mixzg ¼mnkgj.k tSls pUæek ,d
izkd`frd mixzg gS½] xzg ¼i`Foh½ ls r nwjh ij gSA ;fn mixzg ?kw.kZu
ugh djs rks ;g xq:Rokd"kZ.k ds dkj.k ;g xzg dh lrg ij fxj
tk;sxkA
VDdj ls cpus ds fy;s mixzg] xzg ds pkjksa rjQ ?kw.kZu djsxkA r2
xzg
mixzg dh o`Ùkh; xfr ds fy;s
GMem0 m0 v 2
........... (1)
r2 r
GMe
v= bl osx dks d{kh; osx (v0) dgrs gS
r
GMe
v0 =
r
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ADVGR - 22
Gravitation
rc i`Foh ls ns[kus ij] ;s fLFkj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bl rjg ds mixzg Hkw&fLFkj mixzg dgykrs gSA fdlh Hkw&fLFkj
mixzg ds fy;s &
mixzg = i`Foh Tmixzg = Ti`Foh = 24 ?k.Vs
vr% Hkw&fLFkj mixzg dk vkorZdky 24 ?k.Vs gksuk pkfg,A
bls T = 24 ?k.Vs izkIr djus ds fy, Hkw&fLFkj mixzg dh d{kh; f=kT;k gksxh
4 2 3
T2 = r
GMe
eku j[kus ij ge Hkw&fLFkj mixzg dh f=kT;k r = 6.6 Re izkIr djsxsaA (tgk¡ Re = i`Foh dh f=kT;k)
vkSj lrg ls Å¡pkbZ h = 5.6 Re 36000 km gSA
{Solved Example}
Example 1. ,d mixzg dks i`Foh lrg ls 1600 fdeh0 Åpk¡bZ dh o`Ùkkdkj d{kk esa LFkkfir fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn i`Foh
dh f=kT;k R = 6400 fdeh0 vkSj i`Foh dh lrg ij xq:Roh; Roj.k 9.8 m/sec2 gks rks vkorZdky Kkr
djksA i`Foh lrg ls bldks fdruh nwjh ij LFkkfir fd;k tk, fd ;g Hkwe/; js[kk ij fLFkr fcUnq ds lkis{k
fLFkj çrhr gks ?
2r 3/ 2
Solution : i`Foh lrg ls h Åpk¡bZ ij xfr'khy mixzg dk vkorZdky T = tgk¡ r = R + h
gR2
2(R h) R h
rc T = ;gk¡ R = 6400 km, h = 1600 km = R/4.
R g
rc T =
2 R R
4 R R
4
= 2(5/4)3/2 R
R g g
6.4 106 m
fn, x, eku j[kus ij : T = 2 × 3.14 × 2
(1.25)3/2
9.8 m / s
= 7096 sec = 1.97 ?k.Vs
vc ;fn mixzg dks vius lkis{k fLFkj ekusa rks mixzg dk vkorZdky Hkh i`Foh ds vius v{k ij ?kw.kZudky ds
cjkcj gksuk pkfg, vFkkZr~ vkorZdky 24 ?k.Vs gksuk pkfg,A ekuk i`Foh lrg ls h Åpk¡bZ bl çdkj gS fd
;g i`Foh dh f=kT;k ds :i esa nR ds cjkcj gS rks
2(R nR) R nR R
= 2 (1 + n)
T= 3./2
R g g
T = 24 ?k.Vs ds fy,
24
(24 ?k.Vk) = (1.41 ?k.Vk) (1 + n)3/2 ;k (1 + n)3/2 = = 17
1.41
;k 1 + n = (17)2/3 = 6.62 ;k n = 5.62
vFkkZr~ i`Foh lrg ls Åij HkwfLFkj mixzg dh Å¡pkbZ nR = 5.62 × 6400 km = 3.595 × 104 km.
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ADVGR - 23
Gravitation
15. mixzg dk fofHkUu iz{ksi.k pkyksa ¼osxksa½ ds laxr iFk
ekuk dksbZ mixzg i`Foh ds dsUnz ls r nwjh ij gS ;fn ge mixzg dks fofHkUu osx nsrs gS bldk iFk Hkh vyx gksxkA
GMe
(i) ;fn v < v0 or v rc mixzg nh?kZo`rh; iFk ij xfr djsxk vkSj i`Foh dh lrg ls Vdjk;sxkA ysfdu
r
;fn i`Foh dk vkdkj NksVk gS rks mixzg nh?kZo`Ùkh; d{k dks iwjk djsxk vkSj i`Foh dk dsUnz bldk nwjLFk Qksdl gksxkA
mixzg dh dqy ÅtkZ < 0
GMe
(ii) ;fn v = v0 or v , rc mixzg o`Ùkh; d{k esa ?kw.kZu djsxkA mixzg dh dqy ÅtkZ < 0
r
2GMe GMe
(iii) ;fn ve > v > v0 or v ,rc mixzg nh?kZo`Ùkh; d{k esa ?kw.kZu djsxk vkSj i`Foh dk dsUnz
r r
bldk lehiLFk Qksdl gksxkA mixzg dh dqy ÅtkZ < 0
2GMe
(iv) ;fn v = ve or v , rc mixzg ijoyh; iFk ij xfr djrk gqvk vuUr rd iyk;u djsxkA
r
mixzg dh dqy ÅtkZ = 0
2GMe
(v) ;fn v > ve or v , gks rks mixzg vfrijoyh; iFk ij xfr djrk gqvk vuUr rd iyk;u djsxkA
r
mixzg dh dqy ÅtkZ > 0
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ADVGR - 24
Gravitation
SOLVED MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS
Problem 1. fcUnq nzO;eku m ds dkj.k NM+ ftldk nzzO;eku M ¼,d leku forfjr½ ,oa yEckbZ ij fp=k esa fn[kkbZ xbZ
fLFkfr esa cy Kkr djks \
GMm /2 x
tgk¡ x = a tan rc dx = a sec2 . d = sin / 2 tan ,
a a
/2
x GMm x GMm GMm
rc sin = 2 = =
x a
2 2 a x a2 2 2
/2
a a2 a a2
4 4
Problem 2. ,d f}rkjk fudk; esa nks rkjs (,d dk nzO;eku m o nwljs dk nzO;eku 2m gS) ,d nwljs ls d nwjh ij gaS
rFkk la;qDr nzO;eku dsUnz ds ifjr% ?kw.kZu dj jgs gSa] rks ?kw.kZu dky ds fy, O;atd Kkr djks rFkk fl)
djks fd muds nzO;eku dsUnz ds lkis{k dks.kh; laosxksa dk vuqikr mudh xfrt ÅtkZvksa ds vuqikr ds leku
gksxkA
Solution : nzO;eku dsUnz C dh nwjh nzO;ekuksa 2m o m ls Øe'k% d/3 o 2d/3 gSA nksuksa C ds pkjksa rjQ mudh d{kkvksa
esa leku dks.kh; pky ls ?kw.kZu djrs gSaA çR;sd ij nwljs rkjs ds dkj.k vkjksfir xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy
vko';d vfHkdsfUnz; Roj.k çnku djrk gSA
G(2m)m
çR;sd rkjs ij dk;Zjr xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy gSA ;fn ge NksVs rkjs ds ?kw.kZu dks ns[kas rks bl ij
d2
2md2
vfHkdsfUnz; cy (m r 2) dk eku m 2 gksxk vkSj cM+s rkjs ds fy, ;g
2d
gksxk tksfd
3 3
cjkcj gSA
G(2m)m 2d 2 3Gm
= m vFkkZr~ = 3
d2 3 d
2 d3
vFkkZr~ ?kw.kZu dky T = = 2
3Gm
dks.kh; laosxksa dk vuqikr gksxk %
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ADVGR - 25
Gravitation
2
d
(2m)
()cMk 3 1
cMk = =
()NksVk NksVk 2d
2
2
m
3
pwafd nksuksa ds fy, leku gSA vr% xfrt ÅtkZvksa dk vuqikr gksxk %
1
( 2 )cMk
2 1
cMk = ,
1 2 NksVk 2
( )NksVk
2
tksfd dks.kh; laosxksa ds vuqikr ds cjkcj gSA
Problem 3.
m, R
x
mo
i`Foh dks nzO;eku Me vkSj f=kT;k R ds lefer xksys ds leku eku ldrs gSaA i`Foh ds vUnj ,d NksVh lqjax
fp=kkuqlkj [kksnh tkrh gSA mo nzO;eku dk ,d d.k f=kTth; nwjh x ls NksM+k tkrk gSA i`Foh ds dkj.k d.k
ij yxus okyk cy Kkr djuk gSA d.k dh xfr dks Kkr djrs gSa vkSj bldk dykUrj fudkyrs gSaA
Solution :
x
mo
Fg
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ADVGR - 26
Gravitation
Problem 4. ,d d.k dks i`Foh dh lrg ls h Åpk¡bZ ls Åij dh rjQ Qsadk tkrk gSA rks d.k ds fy, U;wure çkjfEHkd osx
Kkr djks ftlds fy, ;g i`Foh lrg dks xfr ds nkSjku jxM+s rFkk bldk iFk nh?kZo`Ùkkdkj gks ,oa i`Foh nwj
Qksdl ij gks rFkk ç{ksi.k fcUnq milkSj ¼apogee½ gks rFkk O;kl ds foijhr fcUnq vilkSj (perigee) gksA
Solution : ekuk iFk ds fcUnqvksa A vkSj B ij d.k dk osx Øe'k% vA vkSj vB gSA vr% i`Foh ds dsUæ ds lkis{k fcUnq A
rFkk B ij dks.kh; laosx laj{k.k ls :
v A R h vA Am
mvA (R + h) = mvB R vB =
R h
R (R h) 2
1 R h 2
= mv 2A 1
2 R 2
h 2R h 2GMeh 2GMeR
v 2A vA
R 2 R R h R h 2R h
Problem 5. ,d jkWdsV Åij dh rjQ v0 pky ls pyrk gSA pky v Åpk¡bZ h ds lkFk fuEu çdkj c<+rh gS –
2hg
v 02 v 2 = , ;gk¡ R i`Foh dh f=kT;k vkSj g i`Foh dh lrg ij xq:Roh; Roj.k gSA ;fn jkWdsV dks
1 h
R
iyk;u osx ls 0.9 xquk pky ij ç{ksfir fd;k tk, rks blds }kjk çkIr dh xbZ vf/kdre Å¡pkbZ ds fy,
O;atd Kkr djksA
Solution : nzO;eku m dh i`Foh dh lrg ls h Åpk¡bZ ij fLFkfrt ÅtkZ
GMm GMm
U (R) = – vkSj U (R + h) = –
R Rh
1 1 GMmh mhg
U(R + h) – U(R) = – GMm = = [ GM = gR2]
R h R (R h)R 1 h
R
fLFkfrt ÅtkZ esa o`f) xfrt ÅtkZ esa deh ds lkFk&lkFk c<+rh gSA ;fn h Åpk¡bZ ij jkWdsV dk osx v gks rks
xfrt ÅtkZ esa deh
1 1 1 1 mhg 2gh
mv 02 mv 2 bl çdkj, mv 02 mv 2 = , vFkkZr~ v 02 v 2 =
h
2 2 2 2 1 1 h
R R
ekuk hvf/kdre jkWdsV }kjk çkIr dh xbZ vf/kdre Åpk¡bZ gSA ;gk¡ ij bldk osx 'kwU; gks tkrk gS rks mijksDr
O;atd esa v = 0 vkSj h = hvf/kdre j[kus ij çkIr O;atd
2ghmax h v2 v 02
v 02 or v 02 1 max = 2 ghmax or v02 = hmax 2g 0 or hmax =
1 hmax R R
2g
v 02
R
R
vc v0 = 0.9 × iyk;u osx = 0.9 × (2gR)
(0.9 0.9)2gR 1.62gR 1.62R
hmax = = = = 4.26 R
(0.9 0.9)2gR 2g 1.62R 0.38
2g
R
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ADVGR - 27
Gravitation
fdlh fcUnq vkos'k ds dkj.k fo|qr {ks=k fcUnq nzO;eku ds dkj.k yxus okyk xq:Roh; {ks=k
r m1 r
+q kq Gm
E rˆ izfrd"kZ.k g rˆ (vkd"kZ.k)
r 2
r2
fdlh leku vkosf'kr oy; ds dkj.k fo|qr {ks=k lefer oy; ds dkj.k xq:Roh; {ks=k
q, R M, R
g Gmx
E
E
Kqx g
R
3/2
R x2
3/2 x 2
x 2
x2
vuUr yEckbZ okys rkj ftldk js[kh; vkos'k ?kuRo vuUr yEckbZ okys rkj ftldk js[kh; vkos'k
vkos' k
=
yEckbZ
+ nzO;eku
+ ?kuRo = gS fd dkj.k
+
+ yEckbZ
+ r
+ 2k xq:Roh; {ks=k r
+ E 2G
+ r g
+ r
+
+
+
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ADVGR - 28
Gravitation
leku vkosf'kr irys xksyh; dks'k ds dkj.k fo|qr {ks=k lefer irys xksyh; dks'k ds dkj.k xq:Rokd"kZ.k {ks=k
(i) xksys ds ckgj xq:Roh; {ks=k ( r > R ) :
(i) xksys ds ckgj fo|qr {ks=k ( r > R ) :
Gm Gm
kq kq gout rˆ =
Eout rˆ = r 2
dsUnz ls nwjh 2
dsUnz ls nwjh
2
r2
(ii) lrg ds ckgj xq:Roh; {ks=k
(ii) lrg ds ckgj fo|qr {ks=k Gm
glrg = r̂
kq R2
Esurface 2
rˆ
R
(iii) lrg ds vUnj xq:Roh; {ks=k ( r < R ) : gin = 0
(iii) xksys ds vUnj fo|qr {ks=k E ( r < R ) : Ein = 0 m, R
q, R
g
E 1
gout
Eout
1 r2
2 gin= 0
r
E in=0 r
r (fp=k g ds ifjek.k dks n'kkZrk gS)
leku vkosf'kr Bksl xksys ds dkj.k fo|qr {ks=k lefer xksyh; lrg ds dkj.k xq:Rokd"kZ.k {ks=k
(i) xksys ds ckgj fo|qr {ks=k ( r R ) (i) xksys ds ckgj xq:Rokd"kZ.k {ks=k ( r R )
kq Gm
Eckgj = r̂ gckgj = r̂
r2 r2
(ii) xksys dh lrg ij fo|qr {ks=k ( r = R ) (ii) xksys dh lrg ij xq:Rokd"kZ.k {ks=k ( r = R )
kq Gm
Elrg = r̂ glrg = r̂
R 2
R2
(iii) xksys ds vUnj fo|qr {ks=k ( r R ) (iii) xksys ds vUnj xq:Rokd"kZ.k {ks=k ( r R )
kq Gm
Ein .r gin – .r
R 3 R3
m, R
q, R
r
r
g
E gin r 1
gout
r2
Ein r 1
Eout r
r2
(fp=k g ds ifjek.k dks n'kkZrk gS)
r
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ADVGR - 29
Gravitation
fLFkj fo|qr foHko : xq:Roh; foHko :
,dkad vkos'k dks vuUr ls /khjs&/khjs fdlh fcUnq rd ,dkad nzO;eku dks vuUr ls fdlh fcUnq rd
ykus ij ckgjh rRo }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z /khjs&/khjs ykus esa ckgjh rRo }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z
r r r r
VE = –
r
E.dr Vg = –
r
g .dr
V=–
E.dr
Vg = –
r
g.dr
r
r r
vr% fcUnq nzO;eku ds dkj.k yxus okyk xq:Roh; {ks=k
kq
Gm
V=–
r2
r̂.dr g rˆ
r r2
r r
kq kq (xq:Roh; {ks=k ges'kk vkdf"kZr djrk gS vr% r̂
V=–
r
r2
dr =
r fn'kk ds fy;s mi;ksx esa yk;k x;k gSA)
r r
Gm
kq Vg = – ( r).dr
ˆ
V 2
r r
r
r r
Gm Gm Gm
Vg =
r
r 2
=–
r
Vg = –
r
vkosf'kr oy; ds dkj.k fLFkj fo|qr foHko oy; ds dkj.k xq:Roh; foHko
m, R
q, R
x
x
kq
V
R x2
2
Gm
Vg
R2 x 2
leku vkosf'kr irys xksyh; dks'k ds dkj.k fLFkj fo|qr lefer xksyh; dks'k ds dkj.k xq:Roh; {ks=k
foHko (i) dks'k ds ckgj xq:Roh; foHko (r > R)
(i) dks'k ds ckgj foHko (r > R) Gm Gm
Vout = – =–
Vout =
kq
=
kq r distance from centre
r distance from center
(ii) dks'k dh lrg ij xq:Roh; foHko (r = R)
(ii) dks'k dh lrg ij foHko (r = R) Gm Gm
Vsurface = – =–
Vsurface =
kq
=
kq R xksys dh frzT;k
R xksys dh frzT;k
(iii) dks'k ds vUnj xq:Roh; foHko (r < R)
(iii) dks'k ds vUnj foHko (r < R) Gm Gm
Vin = – =–
Vin =
kq
=
kq R xksys dh frzT;k
R xksys dh frzT;k
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ADVGR - 30
Gravitation
q, R m, R
r r
V kq V
Vin = = constant
R
1
Vout
r
r
r
1
Vout
r
Gm
Vin = - R
= constant
leku vkosf'kr Bksl xksys ds dkj.k fo|qr foHko lefer Bksl xksys ds dkj.k xq:Roh; foHko
(i) ckgjh fcUnq ij xq:Roh; foHko (r > R)
(i) ckgjh fcUnq ij foHko (r > R)
Gm Gm
kq kq Vout = – =–
Vout =
r
=
dsUnz ls nwjh
r dsUnz ls nwjh
(ii) xksys dh lrg ij xq:Roh; foHko (r = R)
(ii) xksys dh lrg ij foHko (r = R) :-
Gm Gm
kq kq Vsurface = – =
Vsurface =
R
=
dsUnz ls nwjh
R dsUnz ls nwjh
(iii) xksys ds vUnj fLFkr fcUnq ij xq:Roh; foHko
(iii) xksys ds vUnj foHko (r < R)
Gm
kq Vin = – (3R2 – r2)
Vin = 3
(3R2 – r2) 2R3
2R
(iv) dsUnz ij xq:Roh; foHko (r = 0)
(iv) dsUnz ij foHko (r = 0)
3Gm
3kq VdsUnz=
VdsUnz = 2R
2R
q, R m, R
lic Vg
bo
V ara
p
3kq
V= r=0 r=R
2R kq
V=
R
r
Hyperbolic
Hyperbolic V=–
Gm
V = – 3Gm R
2R
parabolic
r=0 r=R r
dVg
fo|qr {ks=k rFkk fo|qr foHko esa lEcU/k g=–
dr
E=–
dV ;fn foHko Vg x, y, z ij fuHkZj djrk gS rc
dr Vg V V
g ˆi g ˆj g kˆ
;fn V, x, y vkSj z ij fuHkZj djrk gS z
x y
V ˆ V ˆ V ˆ
rc E i j k
x y z
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ADVGR - 31
Electrostatics
;fn dksbZ vkos'k qo fo|qr foHko V esa j[kk x;k gSA ;fn ,d fcUnq nzO;eku mo dks xq:Roh; foHko Vg esa
rc vkos'k dh oS|qr fLFkfrt ÅtkZ j[kk x;k gS] rc xq:Roh; fLFkfrt ÅtkZ
U = qo V Ug = (mo) (Vg)
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ADVGR - 32
Gravitation
Hkkx - II : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
[k.M (A) : xq:Rokd"kZ.k dk lkoZf=kd fu;e
A-1 m nzO;eku ds pkj ,d leku d.k ,d&nwljs ds xq:Roh; çHkko esa r f=kT;k ds o`Ùk esa fp=kkuqlkj ,d gh fn'kk esa
leku pky ls pDdj dkV jgs gSA fdlh Hkh ,d d.k dk osx gksxk &
1
Gm 1 2 2 2
(A)
r
(B) 3
Gm
(C)
Gm
1 2 2 (D) 'kwU;
4 r r
A-2. leku m nzO;eku ds nks xêksa dks ,d rqyk ij fp=kkuqlkj j[kk tkrk gSA
rqyk ds ,d iyMs A dh Åpk¡bZ H1 rFkk B dh Åpk¡bZ H2 gS rks rqyk dks
tksM+us okyh NM+ ij 'C' ds ifjr% yxus okyk dqy cyk?kw.kZ D;k gksxk \
(NM+ dh yEckbZ gS rFkk H1 ,oa H2 << R gS) (H1 > H2)
A-4. L yEckbZ ds leckgq f=kHkqt ds rhu dksuksa ij rhu ,d leku M æO;eku ds rkjs mifLFkr gSA ml pky dh x.kuk
dhft, ftlls ;s rhuksa rkjs ,d nwljs ds xq:Roh; cyksa ds çHkko es f=kHkqt ds ifjo`Ùk esa o`Ùkkdkj d{kk esa pDdj
dkVrs gS tcfd leckgq f=kHkqt vHkh Hkh oSls gh gS
2GM GM GM
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) ;g laHko ugha gS
L L L
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ADVGR - 34
Gravitation
[k.M (B) : xq:Roh; {ks=k rFkk foHko
B-1. ekuk fdlh LFkku eas xq:Roh; {ks=k dk eku E = – (k/r) }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA vxj ekud fcUnq di nwjh ij gS tgk¡ foHko
Vi gS rks foHko dk lEcU/k fuEu çdkj fn;k tk,xk &
1 r r r V
(A) V = k n +0 (B) V = k n + Vi (C) V = n + kVi (D) V = n + i
Vi di di di k
B-2. fp=k esa iznf'kZr m nzO;eku ,oe~ yEckbZ ds irys rkj AB ls cus v)Zo`Ùk ds dsUnz
ij xq:Roh; {ks=k dk eku D;k gksxk:
Gm
(A) 2
/kukRed x v{k dh fn'kk
Gm
(B) /kukRed y v{k dh fn'kk esa
2
2Gm
(C) 2
/kukRed x v{k dh fn'kk esa
2Gm
(D) 2
/kukRed y v{k dh fn'kk esa
B-3. (0, 0)fcUnq ls cgqr vf/kd laa[;k es leku nzO;eku m ds d.kks dks {kSfrt nwjh 1 ehVj, 2 ehVj, 4 ehVj, 8 ehVj ------
ij j[krs gS] rks fcUnq (0, 0) ij dqy xq:Roh; foHko D;k gksxk %
(A) – 8G m (B) – 3G m (C) – 4G m (D) – 2G m
B-4. ,d leku ?kuRo ds nks ladsUnzh; xksys ftudk nzO;eku M1 rFkk M2 gS] fp=k esa fn[kk, x, gSA A,B rFkk C fLFkfr;ksa
ij j[ks m nzO;eku ds d.k ij yxus okys cy dk eku Øe'k% gksxk & (fn;k gS OA = p, OB = q rFkk OC = r)
M1m (M m )m
(A) 'kwU;, G vkSj G 1 2 2
q2 p
(M1 M2 )m (M1 M2 )m Mm
(B) G 2
,G 2
vkSj G 12
p q r
M1m Mm
(C) G , G 12 vkSj 'kwU;
q2 q
G(M1 M2 )m Mm
(D) 2
, G 12 vkSj 'kwU;
p q
B-5. fp=kkuqlkj ,d ,dleku nzO;eku ?kuRo dk v)Zxksyh; dks'k fn[kk;k x;k gSA fcUnq P ij xq:Rokd"kZ.k {ks=k dh rhozrk
dh fn'kk fdlds vuqfn'k gksxh &
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ADVGR - 35
Gravitation
[k.M (C) : xq:Roh; fLFkfrt ÅtkZ o Lo&ÅtkZ
C-1. M nzO;eku ,oa R f=kT;k dh i`Foh ds dsUnz ls R0 nwjh ij fLFkr ,d oLrq fojkekoLFkk ls izkjEHk gksrh gSA oLrq }kjk
çkIr osx dh x.kuk djks tc ;g i`Foh dh lrg ij igq¡prh gSA
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) GM
(B) 3GM
(C) 2GM (D) 2 GM
R R 0 R R 0 R R0 R R 0
C-2. rhu ,d leku nzO;eku ‘m’ leckgq f=kHkqt ftldh Hkqtk ‘a’ gS ds rhu dksuksa ij j[ks gS &
(a) ;fn leku nzO;eku m dk ,d pkSFkk d.k f=kHkqt ds dsUnz ij j[k fn;k tk;s rks bl ij dqy cy dk eku gksxk&
Gm2 4Gm2 3Gm2
(A) (B) (C) (D) 'kwU;
a2 3a2 a2
(b) vxj mijksDr ç'u esa pkSFkk d.k f=kHkqt dh ,d Hkqtk ds e/; fcUnq ij j[k fn;k tk, rks bl ij dqy cy gksxk
Gm2 4Gm2 3Gm2
(A) (B) (C) (D) 'kwU;
a2 3a2 a2
(c) vxj mijksDr ç'u esa a Hkqtk okys leckgq f=kHkqt dh izR;sd Hkqtk dks 2a dj ns ] rks fudk; ij fd;k x;k dk;Z
gksxk :
3Gm2 3Gm2 4Gm2 Gm2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a 2a 3a a
(d) vxj mijksDr ç'u esa rhljs d.k dks NksM+ fn;k tk;s rFkk vU; nks d.kksa dks fLFkj j[kk tk, rks rhljs d.k dh
pky rc D;k gksxh] tc ;g vU; nks dks tksM+us okyh js[kk ds e/; fcUnq ls xqtjrk gS &
2Gm Gm Gm Gm
(A) (B) 2 (C) (D)
a a a 2a
[k.M (D) : mixzg ds fy, dSiyj dk fu;e] d{kh; osx vkSj iyk;u osx
D-1. i`Foh ds pkjks vksj pDdj dkV jgs mixzg dk vkorZdky gS – ( i`Foh dk ?kuRo gS)
1 1
(A) ds lekuqikrh (B) ds lekuqikrh (C) ds lekuqikrh (D) ij fuHkZj ugha djrk gSA
D-2. i`Foh dk ,d d`f=ke mixzg ,d iSdsV NksM+rk gSA vxj gok ds çfrjks/k dks ux.; ekus rks crkb;s fd ;g iSdsV dgk¡
Vdjk,xkA (tgk¡ ls NksM+k Fkk ml fLFkfr ds lkis{k)
(A) vkxs (B) Bhd uhps (C) ihNs (D) ;g dHkh i`Foh rd ugha igq¡psxkA
D-3. o`Ùkkdkj d{kk esa ?kwers xzg dh ÅtkZ dk d{k dh f=kT;k ds lkFk ifjorZu fp=k esa çnf'kZr gSA oØ A, B rFkk C ds ckjs
esa lR; dFku dk p;u dhft,
(A) A xfrt ÅtkZ dks, B dqy ÅtkZ dks rFkk C fudk; dh fLFkfrt ÅtkZ dks crkrk gSA
(B) C dqy ÅtkZ dks, B xfrt ÅtkZ dks rFkk A fudk; dh fLFkfrt ÅtkZ dks crkrk gSA A
ENERGY
(C) C rFkk A Øe'k% xfrt rFkk fLFkfrt ÅtkZ dks rFkk B fudk; dh dqy ÅtkZ dks
r
crkrk gSA C
B
(D) A rFkk B Øe'k% xfrt rFkk fLFkfrt ÅtkZ dks rFkk C fudk; dh dqy ÅtkZ dks
crkrk gSA
D-4. m nzO;eku dk ,d xzg M nzO;eku ds lw;Z ds ifjr% nh/kZo`fÙk; d{kk esa ?kwe jgk gSA xzg dh lw;Z ls U;wure ,oa
2GMr1
vf/kdre nwjh Øe'k% r1 ,oa r2 gSA ;fn xzg dk U;wure osx gks rks vf/kdre osx gksxk&
(r1 r2 )r2
2GMr2 2GMr1 2Gmr2 2GM
(A) (B) g (C) (D)
(r1 r2 )r1 (r1 r2 )r2 (r1 r2 )r1 r1 r2
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ADVGR - 36
Gravitation
D-5. i`Foh dh lrg ls Å/okZ/kj Åij dh vksj Qsadh tkus okyh oLrq dk iyk;u osx 11 km/s gSA ;fn oLrq dks Å/okZ/kj ls
45º ds dks.k ij Qsadk tk;s rks iyk;u osx gksxk
(A) 11 2 km/s (B) 22 km/s (C) 11 km/s (D) 11/ 2 m/s
Weight
Weight
Weight
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Time
Time Time Time
2. ekuk fdlh lekax (uniform) nzO;eku forj.k ds dkj.k V rFkk E fdlh fcUnq ij Øe'k% xq:Roh; foHko o xq:Roh; {ks=k
dks n'kkZrs gSA ;g nzO;eku forj.k vyx&vyx fLFkfr;ksa esa LrEHk -I esa fn;k x;k gSA vuUr ij xq:Roh; foHko dks
'kwU; ekusA E rFkk V ds eku LrEHk-II esa fn;s x;s gSA LrEHk-I esa fn;s x;s dFkuksa dks LrEHk-II ds ifj.kke ds lkFk
lqesfyr dfj,A
LrEHk-I LrEHk-II
(A) irys xksykdkj dks'k ds dsUnz ij (p) E = 0
(B) Bksl xksys ds dsUnz ij (q) E 0
(C) ,d Bksl xksyk ftlesa ,d xksykdkj xqfgdk (cavity) gS ;g
xqfgdk ldsUnzh; ugh gS rks bl xksykdkj xqfgdk ds dsUnz ij (r) V 0
(D) nks leku nzO;eku ds fcUnq nzO;ekuksa dks tksM+us okyh js[kk ds e/; fcUnq ij (s) V = 0
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ADVGR - 37
Gravitation
(a x )g mG (a x ) 2 g (a 2 x 2 )g
(A) tan–1 (B) tan–1 (C) tan–1 (D) tan–1
mG (a x ) 2 g mG mG
3. ,d lhls ds cus R f=kT;k ds xksys esa ,d [kks[kyk xksyh; fNnz bl rjg cuk;k d
tkrk gS fd ;g fNnz lhls ds xksys dh ckgjh lrg dks Li'kZ djsa rFkk xksys ds
dsUnz ls xqtjsA xksys ds [kks[kyk gksus ls igys nzO;eku M FkkA ,d m nzO;eku ds
R m
NksVs xksys dks ;g (lhls dk xksyk fjDrh lfgr) fdl xq:Roh; cy ls vkdf"kZr
djsxk] vxj ;g ‘m’ nzO;eku ;qDr xksys ds dsUnz ls d nwjh ij gS] ¼fn;k gS %
d = 2R) :
7GMm 7GMm 7GMm 7GMm
(A) (B) (C) (D)
18R 2 36R 2
9R 2
72R 2
4. M nzO;eku okyh ,d leku oy;] ,d m nzO;eku okys ,d leku xksys ds uhps dsUnz ls 3 nwjh ij fp=kkuqlkj j[kh
gS rFkk oy; vkSj xksys nksuks dh f=kT;k R gks rks oy; }kjk xksys ij yxk;k x;k xq:Roh; cy gksxk %
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ADVGR - 38
Gravitation
5. cgqr vf/kd nwjh ij fLFkr ,d leku i`"Bh; nzO;eku ?kuRo okys nks xksyh; dks'kksa A o B ds dsUnz ij xq:Roh; foHko
3 : 4 ds vuqikr esa gSA ;fn nksuksa xksyh; dks'kksa dks feykdj ,d u;k dks'k cukrs gS ftl ij i`"Bh; nzO;eku ?kuRo
leku jgs rks u;s dks'k rFkk dks'k A ds vkUrfjd fcUnq ij foHko dk vuqikr gS &
(A) 3 : 2 (B) 4 : 3 (C) 5 : 3 (D) 3 : 5
6. ,d m nzO;eku dk CykWd fp=kkuqlkj, m nzO;eku ,oe~ r f=kT;k ds xksyh; dks'k ls r nwjh ij j[kk gS rks &
(A) dsoy dks'k ds vUnj xq:Roh; {ks=k dk eku 'kwU; gksxkA
(B) xq:Roh; {ks=k rFkk xq:Roh; foHko nksuksa dk eku dks'k ds vUnj 'kwU; gksxkA
(C) xq:Roh; foHko rFkk xq:Roh; {ks=k dh rhozrk dks'k ds vUnj 'kwU; ugha gksxhA
(D) dqN dg ugha ldrsA
7. fdlh xksyh; {ks=k esa ?kuRo dsUnz ls nwjh ds O;qRØekuqikrh :i esa cnyrk gSA dsUnz ls r nwjh ij xq:Roh; {ks=k dk eku
gksxk&
(A) r ds lekuqikrh (B) 1/r ds lekuqikrh (C) r2 ds lekuqikrh (D) lHkh txg ,d leku
9. ,d m nzO;eku dh oLrq dks i`Foh dh lrg ls i`Foh dh f=kT;k ds rhu xquk Åpk¡bZ rd mBk;k tkrk gSA oLrq dh
fLFkfrt ÅtkZ esa ifjorZu gksxk \ (g = i`Foh dh lrg ij xq:Roh; {ks=k)
(A) mgR (B) 3/4 mgR (C) 1/3 mgR (D) 2/3 mgR
10. ,d fcUnq P, M nzO;eku rFkk R f=kT;k dh fLFkj oy; dh v{k ij blds dsUnz O ls 2R nwjh ij fLFkr gSA ,d NksVk
d.k P ls 'kq: gksdj dsoy xq:Rokd"kZ.k çHkko esa gh O rd igq¡prk gSA bldh O ij pky gksxh &
2GM 2GM 2GM 1
(A) 'kwU; (B) (C) ( 5 1) (1 (D)
)
R R R 5
11. R f=kT;k dh i`Foh dh lrg ls ç{ksfir d.k dk osx f=kT; fn'kk esa ckgj dh vksj ke gS] tgk¡ e iyk;u osx gS rFkk
k < 1 gSA i`Foh ds dsUnz ls vf/kdre Åpk¡bZ D;k gksxh tgk¡ rd ;g tk ldrk gS ¼gok dk çfrjks/k ux.; ekusa½ &
R R
(A) (B) k2 R (C) (D) kR
k 12
1 k 2
12. ,d xzg ds dsUnz ls r nwjh ij ifjHkze.k djrk gqvk ,d mixzg HkwfLFkj d{kk es gSA ;fn xzg dk Lo;a ds v{k ds ifjr
dks.kh; osx nqxquk dj fn;k tk;s rks vc mixzg dks HkwfLFkj d{kk esa jgus ds fy, mixzg dh xzg ds dsUnz ls nwjh
gksxh&
r r r r
(A) (B) (C) 1/ 3
(D)
2 2 2 ( 4) (2)1/ 3
13. ,d HkwLFkk;h mixzg i`Foh ds pkjks vksj 36000 fdeh0 f=kT;k dh d{kk esa pDdj yxk jgk gS rks i`Foh dh lrg ls
dqN lkS fdeh0 Åpk¡bZ ij pDdj dkV jgs xqIrpj (spy) mixzg dk vkorZdky D;k gksxk \ (Ri`Foh = 6400 fdeh0) :
[JEE (Scr) 2002, 3/84]
(A) 1/2 hr (B) 1 hr (C) 2 hr (D) 4 hr
14. ,d m nzO;eku dk ,d mixzg R f=kT;k dh i`Foh dh lrg ls x Å¡pkbZ ij pDdj yxk jgk gSA ;fn g i`Foh dh
lrg ij xq:Roh; Roj.k gS] mixzg dh d{kh; pky gS % [AIEEE2004, 4/300]
1/ 2
gR gR2 gR2
(A) gx (B) (C) (D)
Rx Rx R x
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ADVGR - 39
Gravitation
15. ;fn U;wVu dk xq:Rokd"kZ.k fu;e r–2 ds vfrfjDr fdlh vksj O;qRØe oxZ fu;e dk ikyu djs rks, xzgksa dh xfr ds
fy, dsIyj ds rhuksa fu;eksa esa ls dkSulk fu;e vifjofrZr jgsxk ? [Olympiad (Stage-1) 2017]
(A) d{kk dh izÑfr ds fy, izFke fu;e
(B) fu;r {ks=kh; pky ds fy, f}rh; fu;e
(C) d{kh; vkorZdky dk v)Znh?kZ v{k ij fuHkZjrk dk r`rh; fu;e
(D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
16. ;g ekfu, fd pUnzek dk vkSlr ?kuRo i`Foh ds vkSlr ?kuRo ds leku RkFkk f=kT;k] i`Foh dh f=kT;k dh] ,d pkSFkkbZ
gSA lSd.M yksyd dh yEckbZ pUnzek ij D;k gksxh \ (vxj ;g i`Foh dh lrg ij 99.2 lseh0 gS) –
99.2
(A) 24.8 cm (B) 49.6 cm (C) 99.2 (D) cm
2
Hkkx - II : la[;kRed iz'u (NUMERICAL QUESTIONS)
1. nks rkjs fdlh f} rkjs (binary star) fudk; es o`Ùkh; d{kk esa xfr djrs gSA igyk rkjk , 1.00 109 km fdeh0 dh
f=kT;k dh o`rh; d{kk esa xfreku gSA nwljk rkjk , 5.00 108 fdeh0 f=kT;k dh o`Ùkh; d{kk es xfreku gSA rkjs
ds nzO;eku dk rkjs ds nzO;eku ds lkFk vuqikr gksxkA
2. gekjk lw;Z ftldk nzO;eku 2 × 1030 kg gS] gekjs feYdhos vkdk'kxaxk ds fdukjs ij pDdj yxk jgk gSA bl
vkdk'kxaxk dks xksyh; ekuk tk ldrk gS, ftldh f=kT;k 1020m gSA ;g ekfu, fd feYdhos vkdk'kxaxk esa lw;Z ds
fcYdqy leku tSls dbZ rkjs leku :i ls forfjr gSA vxj lw;Z dk vkorZdky 1015 lsd.M gS vkSj feYdhos
20
vkdk'kxaxk esa rkjksa dh la[;k yxHkx 3 × 10(a) gSA ‘a’ dk eku crkb;sA (fn;k gS 2 = 10, G = × 10–11 in MKS)
3
3. fdlh {ks=k esa xq:Roh; {ks=k E(3 î 4 ĵ) N/kg }kjk O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA 1 kg nzO;eku ds ,d d.k dks js[kk
4y = 3x + 9 ds vuqfn'k 1 m dh nwjh rd foLFkkfir djus eas fd, x, dk;Z dh x.kuk twy esa dhft,A
4. ,d ‘R’ f=kT;k ds ,oe~ ‘’ ?kuRo ds Bksl xksys esa R/4 f=kT;k dh xksykdkj xqgk
fp=kkuqlkj mifLFkr gSA fcUnq B ls ,d ‘m’ nzO;eku ds ,d d.k dks fojke
voLFkk ls NksM+k tkrk gS ¼xqgk ds vUnj)A tc ;g xqgk ls Vdjkrk gS rc ml
10
{k.k d.k dk osx (mm/sec esa) Kkr djksaA (R = 3m, = 103 kg/m3,
20
G= 1011 Nm2kg–2)
3
5. ;fn i`Foh dh lrg ij xq:Ro ds dkj.k Roj.k g gS] rks i`Foh dh lrg ls i`Foh dh f=kT;k R ds cjkcj nwjh rd Åij
NmgR
mBkus ij m nzO;eku dh oLrq dh fLFkfrt ÅtkZ esa o`+f) gS rks N dk eku Kkr djks :
2
6. f=kT;k R = 8 ehVj dh ,d oy; vR;Ur ?kus inkFkZ ls cukbZ xbZ gSA oy; dk nzO;eku mR = 2.7 × 109 kg oy; dh
ifjf/k ij leku :i ls forfjr gSA ?kus nzO;eku dk ,d d.k oy; dh v{k ij mlds dsUnz ls x0 = 6 ehVj nwjh ij
j[kk tkrk gSA xq:Rokd"kZ.k ds vfrfjDr lHkh cyksa dks ux.; ekusaA tc d.k oy; ds dsUnz ls xqtjrk gS rc ml {k.k
d.k dh pky lSeh@lS- esa Kkr djksa (d.k dk nzO;eku mp = 3 × 108 kg)A
7. i`Foh ds d.kksa ds e/; yxus okys xq:Rokd"kZ.k cyksa ds fo:) i`Foh dks iw.kZr;k foHkDr djus ds fy, x × 1031 J ÅtkZ
dh vko';drk gksrh gSA x dk eku Kkr djksaA ;g ekuuk gS i`Foh le:i nzO;eku ?kuRo dk xksyk gSA bl ÅtkZ dh
x.kuk ds fy, i`Foh dk nzO;eku rFkk i`Foh dh f=kT;k dk xq.kuQy 2.5 x 1031 kg-m fn;k gS rFkk g = 10 m/s2 gSA
[JEE 1992, 10 Part (b)]
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ADVGR - 40
Gravitation
8. pUnzek dh lrg ij ,d cgqr cM+s xM~Ms ls ,d d.k dks Å/oZ Åij dh vksj ç{ksfir fd;k tkrk gSA xM~Ms dh xgjkbZ
R/100 gS tgk¡ R pUnzek dh f=kT;k gSA vxj ç{ksi.k dk çkjfEHkd osx pUnzek dh lrg ls iyk;u osx ds cjkcj gks rks
pUnzek dh lrg ds Åij ç{ksi.k }kjk çkIr yxHkx vf/kdre Å¡pkbZ xR gS rks x dk eku Kkr djksa
[JEE 2003 (Main), 4/60]
9. i`Foh ds ,d mixzg dk vkorZdky 5 ?k.Vs gSA ;fn i`Foh o mixzg ds e/; nwjh izkjfEHkd eku dh 4 xqus rd c<+k;h
tkrh gS] rks u;k vkorZdky ¼?k.Vs esa½ gksxk [AIEEE 2003, 4/300]
10. ;fn i`Foh dh f=kT;k R gks ,oa ,d HkwfLFkj mixzg dh i`Foh dh lrg ls Å¡pkbZ R gks] rks U;wure dksfViwjd v{kka'k
¼co-latitude) ¼fMxzh esa½ dh x.kuk dhft, tks ,d HkwfLFkj mixzg ls lh/ks ladsr ys ldsA ¼mixzg fo"kqorh; ry esa
gSA½
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
4. i`Foh ds fy, :
(A) dsUnz rFkk vuUr nksuksa txg xq:Roh; {ks=k 'kwU; gksrk gSA
(B) dsUnz rFkk vuUr nksuksa txg xq:Roh; foHko 'kwU; gksrk gSA
(C) dsUnz rFkk vuUr nksuksa txg xq:Roh; foHko ,d leku gksrk gS ijUrq 'kwU; ugha gksrk gSA
(D) dsUnz ij xq:Roh; foHko U;wure gksrk gSA
5. i`Foh ij fLFkr izs{kd ds lkis{k fLFkj mixzg ds fy, &
(A) bldks i`Foh ds v{k ds ifjr% gh ?kweuk pkfg,A
(B) bldks fo"kqor js[kh; ry esa gh ?kweuk pkfg,A
(C) bldk dks.kh; osx if'pe ls iwoZ fn'kk esa gh gksuk pkfg,A
(D) bldk vkorZdky 24 ?k.Vs gh gksuk pkfg,A
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ADVGR - 41
Gravitation
6. nh?kZo`Ùkh; d{k esa lw;Z ds ifjr% ?kwers xzg ds fy, dkSuls dFku lR; gS &
(A) bldh ;kfU=kd ÅtkZ fu;r jgrh gSA
(B) bldk lw;Z ds lkis{k dks.kh; laosx ljaf{kr jgrk gSA
(C) lw;Z ds lkis{k {ks=kh; osx fu;r jgrk gSA
(D) bldk vkorZdky r3 ds lekuqikrh gksrk gSA
7. lw;Z ds pkjks vksj nh/kZo`fÙk; d{kk esa ifjØek dj jgs xzgksa dk lEiw.kZ d{kk esa fu;r jgrk gsaA
(A) xfrt ÅtkZ (B) lw;Z ds ifjr% dks.kh; laosx
(C) fLFkfrt ÅtkZ (D) dqy ÅtkZ
8. i`Foh ds utnhd ,d mixzg fo"kqor js[kk ds Åij 1.5 ?k.Vs ds vkorZdky ls pDdj dkV jgk gSA vxj fdlh le;
;g fo"kqor js[kk ij fLFkr fcUnq P ds Bhd Åij gS rks ;g nqckjk fcUnq P ds Bhd Åij fdrus le; ckn gksxk &
(A) 1.5 ?k.Vs
(B) 1.6 ?k.Vs ckn vxj ;g if'pe ls iwoZ dh vksj pDdj dkV jgk gSA
(C) 24/17 ?k.Vs ckn vxj ;g iwoZ ls if'pe dh vksj pDdj dkV jgk gSA
(D) 24/17 ?k.Vs ckn vxj ;g if'pe ls iwoZ dh vksj pDdj dkV jgk gSA
9. vxj fdlh oLrq dks iyk;u osx ls de pky ls Qsadk tk, rks &
(A) oLrq fdlh fuf'pr Å¡pkbZ rd tk ldrh gS rFkk ,d lh/kh js[kk ds vuqfn'k fxj ldrh gSA
(B) oLrq fdlh fuf'pr Å¡pkbZ rd tk ldrh gS rFkk ijoyf;d iFk ds vuqfn'k fxj ldrh gSA
(C) oLrq i`Foh ds ifjr o`Ùkh; iFk esa ?kwe ldrh gSA
(D) oLrq i`Foh ds ifjr% nh?kZ o`Ùkh; iFk esa ?kwe ldrh gSA
10. ,d o`Ùkkdkj d{kk esa pDdj dkVrk mixzg iyk;u dj tk,xk vxj &
(A) bldh pky dks ( 2 1) c<+k fn;k tk;sA (B) bldh pky dks çkjfEHkd pky dh 1.5 xquk dj fn;k tk;sA
(C) bldh xfrt ÅtkZ dks nqxquk dj fn;k tk;sA (D) ;g d{k esa pDdj dkVuk cUn dj nsA
11. fdlh d{kk esa pDdj dkVrs gq, mixzg dh d{kk dh f=kT;k dks ;fn ?kVk fn;k tk; rks
(A) bldh xfrt ÅtkZ ?kVsxhA (B) bldh fLFkfrt ÅtkZ ?kVsxhA
(C) bldh ;kfU=kd ÅtkZ ?kVsxhA (D) bldh pky ?kVsxhA
12. ,d oLrq dk Hkwe/; js[kk ij otu djrs gS rFkk NM+h lUrqyu rFkk fLçax lUrqyu dh enn ls çkIr eku Øe'k% W b
rFkk W s gSA iqu% mÙkjh /kzqo ij blh rjg otu djus ls çkIr eku Øe'k% W b' rFkk W s' çkIr gksrs gSA ;g ekurs gq,
fd i`Foh ds dkj.k xq:Roh; {ks=k dh rhozrk i`Foh lrg ij lc txg ,d leku gS rFkk lUrqyu (fLizax ,oa NM+h)
iw.kZr% laosnu'khy gS rks&
(A) W b = W b' (B) W b = W s (C) W b' = W s' (D) W s' > W s
2. nks rkjksa ds muds mHk;fu"B nzO;eku dsUnz ds ifjr% dks.kh; laosx ds ifjek.k dk vuqikr (Lm/ LM) gS &
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 9
6. nks xzg A ,oa B, ftudh d{kh; f=kT;k R ,oa 4R gSA nksuksa xzg izkjEHk esa fudVre fLFkfr esa gSA rFkk ,d gh fn'kk esa
?kwe jgs gSA ;fn B xzg dk dks.kh; osx 0 gS rks fdrus le; ckn nksuksa xzg iqu% fudVre fLFkfr esa vk;sxsaA (xzgks ds
e/; vkd"kZ.k dks ux.; ekus) :
2 2 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
70 90 0 50
vuqPNsn # 3
i`Foh ds pkjksa vksj ,d Ñf=ke mixzg o`Ùkh; d{kk esa i`Foh ij iyk;u osx ds ifjek.k dh vk/kh pky ls pDdj yxk
jgk gSA R i`Foh dh f=kT;k gS rFkk g i`Foh dh lrg ij xq:Roh; Roj.k gS& (R = 6400 km)
7. i`Foh dh lrg ls mixzg dh nwjh gksxh &
(A) 3200 km (B) 6400 km (C) 12800 km (D) 4800 km
9. vxj mixzg dks vpkud bldh d{kk esa jksd fn;k tk;s rFkk bls i`Foh ij eqDr :i ls fxjus fn;k tk;s rks og pky
ftlls ;g i`Foh ls Vdjk,xk D;k gksxh &
gR gR
(A) gR (B) 1.5gR (C) (D)
2 2
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ADVGR - 43
Gravitation
4R
3R
4R
(A)
2GM
7R
4 2 5 (B)
2GM
7R
4 2 5 (C)
GM
4R
(D)
2GM
5R
2 1
2. ,d ;qXerkjs esa nks rkjs A (nzO;eku 2.2 MS) rFkk B (nzO;eku 11 MS) gS] Ms lw;Z dk nzO;eku gSA ;s rkjsa d nwjh ij gSa
rFkk vius lagfr dsUnz] tks fd fLFkj gS] ds pkjksa vksj ?kwe jgs gSaA ;qXe rkjs ds dqy dks.kh; laosx rFkk B rkjs ds]
lagfr dsUnz ds lkis{k] dks.kh; laosx dk vuqikr gSA [JEE 2010; 3/163]
6
3. ,d xzg dh lrg ij xq:Roh; Roj.k g gS tgka g i`Foh dh lrg ij xq:Roh; Roj.k gSA xzg dk vkSlr nzO;eku
11
2
?kuRo i`Foh ds nzO;eku ?kuRo dk xquk gSA ;fn i`Foh dh lrg ij iyk;u pky 11 kms–1 gks rks] xzg dh lrg ij
3
iyk;u pky kms–1 esa fdruh gksxh \ [JEE 2010; 3/163]
4. ,d mixzg ,dleku osx 'V' ls i`Foh dh o`Rrh; d{kk esa ?kwe jgk gSA nzO;eku 'm' dk ,d fi.M mixzg ls vyx gksdj
i`Foh ds xq:Rokd"kZ.k ls ckgj iyk;u djrk gSA vyx gksrs le; fi.M dh xfrt ÅtkZ gS [JEE 2011; 3/160, –1]
1 3
(A) mV 2 (B) mV2 (C) mV 2 (D) 2mV2
2 2
5.* nks xksyh; xzg P vkSj Q dk ?kuRo ,dleku o cjkcj gS] nzO;eku MP vkSj MQ gS] vkSj lrg dk {ks=kQy Øe'k%
A vkSj 4A gSA ,d xksyh; Xkzg R dk Hkh ?kuRo ,dleku gS vkSj nzO;eku (MP + MQ) gSA Xkzgksa P, Q vkSj R ls
iyk;u osx Øe'k% VP, VQ vkSj VR gSA rc [IIT-JEE 2012; Paper-2; 4/66]
(A) VQ > VR > VP (B) VR > VQ > VP (C) VR/VP = 3 (D) VP /VQ = 1/2
6.* nks fi.Mksa ftuesa çR;sd dk nzO;eku M gS] ds chp dh nwjh 2L dks fLFkj j[kk x;k gSA bu fi.Mksa ds dsUnzkas dks tksM+us
okyh js[kk ds e/; fcUnq ls] ,d m nzO;eku dk d.k yEcor~ ç{ksfir fd;k tkrk gSA xq:Rokd"kZ.k fu;rkad G gSA lgh
çdFku gS@gSa & [JEE (Advanced) 2013; 3/60, –1]
GM
(A) nks fi.Mksa ds xq:Rokd"kZ.k {ks=k ls iyk;u ds fy, nzO;eku m dk U;wure çkjfEHkd osx 4 gSA
L
GM
(B) nks fi.Mksa ds xq:Rokd"kZ.k {ks=k ls iyk;u ds fy, nzO;eku m dk U;wure çkjfEHkd osx 2 gSA
L
2GM
(C) nks fi.Mksa ds xq:Rokd"kZ.k {ks=k ls iyk;u ds fy, nzO;eku m dk U;wure çkjfEHkd osx gSA
L
(D) nzO;eku m dh ÅtkZ lnSo fLFkj jgrh gSA
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ADVGR - 44
Gravitation
7. i`Foh ds leku nzO;eku ?kuRo okys ,d xzg dh f=kT;k R = 1/10 × (i`Foh dh f=kT;k) gSA oSKkfud bl xzg esa xgjkbZ
R/5 okyk ,d dqvk¡ [kksnrs gS vkSj blesa mruh gh yEckbZ rFkk 10–3 kgm–1 js[kh; nzO;eku ?kuRo okyk ,d rkj
Mkyrs gS] tks dq,¡ dks dgh Hkh Li'kZ ugha djrk gSA rkj dks idM+dj ;FkkLFkku ij j[kus ds fy, ,d O;fDr }kjk
yxk;k x;k cy gS (mi;ksxh lwpuk% i`Foh dh f=kT;k = 6 × 106 m rFkk i`Foh dh lrg ij xq:Roh; Roj.k 10 ms–2)
[JEE (Advanced) 2014; 3/60, –1]
(A) 96 N (B) 108N (C) 120N (D) 150N
8. ,d xksykdkj xzg dh lrg ls ,d xksyh v osx ls Å/okZ/kj fn'kk esa iz{ksfir dh tkrh gSA xksyh dh mPpre Å¡pkbZ ij
xzg ds xq:Rokd"kZ.k ds dkj.k blds Roj.k dk eku xzg dh lrg ij xq:Roh; Roj.k ds eku dk ,d pkSFkkbZ 1/4th gSA
;fn xzg ls iyk;u osx vesc = v N gS rks N dk eku gSA (okrkoj.k ds dkj.k gksus okyh ÅtkZ {k; ux.; gSA)
[JEE (Advanced) 2015; P-1, 4/88]
9. ,d cM+k xksykdkj nzO;eku M ,d txg fLFkr gS rFkk nks le:i fcUnq nzO;eku m, nzO;eku M ds dsUnz ls gksdj
xqtjus okyh js[kk ij j[ks x;s gSA (fp=k nas[ks)A fcUnq nzO;eku ,d yEckbZ ds nzO;eku jfgr n`<+ NM+ ls tqMs gS rFkk
;g laa;kstu mudksa tksM+us okyh js[kk vuqfn'k xfr dj ldrk gSA lHkh nzO;ekuksa esa dsoy mudk viuk xq:Rokd"kZ.k
10*. ,d ,dleku ?kuRo ds rjy ds xksykdkj fiaM dh f=kT;k R gS rFkk ;g vius Lo;a ds xq:Ro ds izHkko esa lkE;koLFkk
esa gSA ;fn blds dsUnz ls nwjh r(r < R) ij nkc P(r) gS] rc lgh fodYi gS (gSa)
[JEE (Advanced) 2015; P-2, 4/88, –2]
P(r 3R / 4) 63
(A) P(r = 0) = 0 (B)
P(r 2R / 3) 80
P(r 3R / 5) 16 P(r R / 2) 20
(C) (D)
P(r 2R / 5) 21 P(r R / 3) 27
11. jkdsV Hkwry ds vfHkyacor lw;Z ,oa i`Foh dks tksM+us okyh js[kk esa lw;Z ls nwjh dh rjQ (radially outward from the
direction of the sun) iz{ksfir fd;k x;k gSA lw;Z i`Foh ls 3 × 105 xquk Hkkjh gS ,oa i`Foh dh f=kT;k ls 2.5 × 104
xquh nwjh ij fLFkr gSA i`Foh ds xq:Rokd"kZ.k {ks=k ds fy, iyk;u xfr (escape velocity) 11.2km s–1 gSA jkdsV dks
lw;Z ,oa i`Foh fudk; (Sun-Earth system) ds xq:Rokd"kZ.k ls eqä gksus ds fy, de ls de izkjafHkd osx (vs) dk
fudVre eku gS (i`Foh dh pØh; xfr vkSj ifjHkze.k rFkk fdlh vU; xzg dh mifLFkfr dh mis{kk djsa)
[JEE (Advanced) 2017; P-2, 3/61, –1]
(A) vs = 72 km s–1 (B) vs = 22 km s–1 (C) vs = 42 km s–1 (D) vs = 62 km s–1
12. M nzO;eku, (mass) okys ,d xzg (planet) ds nks izkd`frd mixzg (natural satellites) nks o`Ùkh; d{kksa esa ifjØe.k
(revolve) dj jgs gSaA mixzgksa ds chp xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy (gravitational attraction) dh mis{kk dhft,A igyk mixzg]
ftldk nzO;eku m1, d{kh; pky v1] dks.kh; laosx (angular momentum) L1, xfrt ÅtkZ (kinetic energy) K1
vkSj vkorZ dky (period of revolution) T1 gS] R1 f=kT;k okyh d{kk esa LFkkfir gSA nwljk mixzg] ftldk nzO;eku
m2, d{kh; pky v2] dks.kh; laosx L2, xfrt ÅtkZ K2 vkSj vkorZ dky T2 gS] R2 f=kT;k okyh d{kk esa LFkkfir gSA
;fn m1/m2 = 2 vkSj R1/R2 = 1/4 gks] rks lwph-I esa fn;s x;s vuqikrksa dk lqesy lwph-II esa nh x;h la[;kvksa ds lkFk
djsaA
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ADVGR - 45
Gravitation
lwph-I lwph-II
v1 1
P. 1.
v2 8
L1
Q. 2. 1
L2
K1
R. 3. 2
K2
T1
S. 4. 8
T2
(A) P → 4 ; Q → 2 ; R → 1 ; S → 3 (B) P → 3 ; Q → 2; R → 4 ; S → 1
(C) P → 2 ; Q → 3 ; R → 1 ; S → 4 (D) P → 2 ; Q → 3; R → 4 ; S → 1
13. eqDr vkdk'k esa (r) æO;eku ?kuRo ds ,d xksykdkj xSlh; ckny dh dYiuk djsaA tgk¡ r dsUæ ls f=kT; nwjh gSA
xSlh; ckny leku æO;eku m ds d.kksa ls feydj cuk gS tks ledsfUnz; o`Ùkkdkj iFkksa esa leku xfrt ÅtkZ K ls
xfr'khy gSA d.kksa ij yxus okyk cy ikjLifjd xq:Roh; cy gSA ;fn (r) le; ds lkFk fu;r gS rks d.kksa dk
la[;k ?kuRo n(r) = (r)/m dk eku gksxk : (G = lkoZf=kd xq:Roh; fu;rkad)
[JEE (Advanced) 2019; P-1, 3/60, –1]
K K 3K K
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6r m G
2 2
r m G
2 2
r m G
2 2
2r m2G
2
3. ,d varfj{k ;ku dk æO;eku 1000 kg gSA bldk i`Foh ds i`"B ls Lora=k varfj{k esa izekspu fd;k tkuk gSA 'g' ,oa
'R' (i`Foh dh f=kT;k) ds eku Øe'k% 10 m/s2 vkSj 6400 km gSaA bl dk;Z ds fy;s vko';d ÅtkZ gksxh :
[AIEEE 2012 ; 4/120, –1]
(1) 6.4 × 1011 twy (2) 6.4 × 108 twy (3) 6.4 × 109 twy (4) 6.4 × 1010 twy
4. nzO;eku M ,oa f=kT;k R ds ,d xzg ds i`"B ls nzO;eku m ds ,d mixzg dks 2R Å¡pkbZ ij o`Ùkh; d{k esa izekspu
djus ds fy;s U;wure ÅtkZ vko';d gS % [JEE (Main) 2013; 4/120]
5GmM 2GmM GmM GmM
(1) (2) (3) (4)
6R 3R 2R 3R
5. izR;sd nzO;eku M ds pkj d.k tks fd ,d oxZ ds 'kh"kks± ij gSa] ,d nwljs ds vU;ksU; xq:Rokd"kZ.k izHkko esa f=kT;k R
ds ,d o`Ùk ij xfr'khy gSaA izR;sd d.k dh pky gS : [JEE (Main) 2014; 4/120, –1]
(1)
GM
R
(2) 2 2
GM
R
(3)
GM
R
1 2 2 (4)
1 GM
2 R
1 2 2
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ADVGR - 46
Gravitation
6. ,d Bksl xksys dk nzO;eku M rFkk f=kT;k R gSA blls R/2 f=kT;k dk ,d xksyh; Hkkx] vkjs[k esa n'kkZ;s x;s vuqlkj
dkV fy;k tkrk gSA r = (vuUr) ij xq:Roh; foHko ds eku V dks 'kwU; (V = 0) ekurs gq, bl izdkj cus dksVj
(dSfoVh) ds dsUnz ij] xq:Roh; foHko dk eku gksxk : (G = xq:Roh; fLFkjkad gSA) [JEE (Main) 2015; 4/120, –1]
8. ,d jkWdsV dks i`Foh ls bl rjg iz{ksfir djrs gSa fd og okil ugha vkrk gSA ;fn blds fy;s jkdsV iz{ksid
(launched) }kjk nh x;h U;wure ÅtkZ E gS rks mlh jkdsV dks pUnzek dh lrg ls iz{ksfir djus ds fy, iz{ksid
}kjk nh x;h U;wure ÅtkZ D;k gksxh \ ekfu;s fd i`Foh rFkk pUnzek dk ?kuRo leku gS rFkk i`Foh dk vk;ru pUnzek
ls 64 xquk T;knk gS [JEE (Main), 8 April 2019_shift-1; 4/120]
E E E E
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 16 32 64
9. nzO;eku m ds ,d mixzg dks i`Foh dh lrg ls Å/okZ/kj fn'kk esa Åij dh vksj u xfr ls iz{ksfir fd;k tkrk gSA tc
m
;g mixzg R(R = i`Foh dh f=kT;k) dh Å¡pkbZ ij ig¡qprk gS] rks ;g nzO;eku ds ,d jkWdsV dk mR{ksi.k
10
(ejection)bl izdkj ls djrk gS fd mixzg rRi'pkr~ ,d o`Rrh; d{kk esa pyus yxrk gSA mR{ksfir jkWdsV dh xfrt
ÅtkZ gS (G xq:Rokd"kZ.k fLFkjkad o M i`Foh dk nzO;eku gS) : [JEE (Main), 7 January 2020_shift-1 ;4/100]
2 2
m 2 113 GM 119 GM 3m 5GM m 2GM
(1) u (2) 5m u2 (3) u (4) u
20 200 R 200 R 8 6R 20 3R
10. nks Bksl xksyksa dh dYiuk dhft, ftudh f=kT;k,sa Øe'k% R1 = 1m, R2 = 2m ,oa nzO;eku Øe'k% M1 rFkk M2 gSA xksys
M1
(1) rFkk (2) ds dkj.k xw:Roh; {ks=k dh rhozrk fp=k esa iznf'kZr gSA dk eku gksxk :
M2
[JEE (Main), 8 January 2020_shift-1 ;4/100]
Gravitational field E
4
3 (2)
2
1 (1)
0 1 2 3 4 5
radius R
(1) 2/3 (2) 1/3 (3) 1/2 (4) 1/6
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ADVGR - 47
Gravitation
11. ,d {kqnzxzg (asteroid) i`Foh ds dsUnz ls 10R (R i`Foh dh f=kT;k gS) nwjh ij gS vkSj i`Foh ds dsUnz dh vkSj 12 km/s
xfr ls vk jgk gSA ;fn i`Foh ls iyk;u xfr dk eku 11.2 km/s–1 gS rks i`Foh ds okrkoj.k ds izHkko dks ux.;
ekurs gq, bl {kqnzxzg dh i`Foh dh lrg ls Vdjkrs le; xfr fdruh gksxh ? ¼viuk mÙkj km/s–1 esa fudVre
iw.kkZad esa nsa½ [JEE (Main) 8 January 2020_shift-2 ; 4/100]
m
12. æO;eku m dks ,d oLrq A ,d xzg ds pkjks vksj R f=kT;k dh ,d o`Ùkh; d{kk esa py jgh gSA æO;eku dh ,d
2
v
nwljh oLrq B, oLrq A ls osx Vdjkrh gSA ;gk¡ v oLrq A dk rkR{kf.kd osx gSA ;g VDdj iw.kZr% vizR;kLFk gSA
2
rc la;qDr oLrq : [JEE (Main), 9 January 2020_shift-1 ;4/100]
(1) xzg ds xq:Rokd"kZ.k {ks=k ls iyk;u dj tk;sxhA
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ADVGR - 48
Gravitation
D-2. (a) F =
GM2
(b)
GM
; T = 4
R3 Hkkx - II
4R 2 4R GM 1. 02.00 2. 11.00 3. 00.00
GM GM 2
4GM 4. 02.00 5. 01.00 6. 09.00
(c) (d) (e) 7. 15.00 8. 99.00 9. 40.00
4R3 4R R
U 10. 30.00
25600
D-3. (a) A = =2
UB 12800 Hkkx - III
KA m r 1. (AD) 2. (ACD) 3. (BC)
(b) = A B =2 4. (AD) 5. (ABCD) 6. (ABC)
KB mB rA
7. (BD) 8. (BC) 9. (ABCD)
(c) B dh ÅtkZ T;knk gksxh
10. (AC) 11. (BC) 12. (ACD)
D-4. (a) 'kfu (b) eaxy (c) eaxy Hkkx - IV
[k.M (E) : 1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (B)
E-1. 9.5 m/s2 E-2. 0.998 s 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (A)
7. (B) 8. (C) 9. (A)
Hkkx - II EXERCISE-3
[k.M (A) :
A-1. (A) A-2. (B) A-3. (C)
Hkkx - I
A-4. (B) 1. (A) 2. 6 3. 3
[k.M (B) : 4. (B) 5. (BD) 6. (BC)
7. (B) 8. 2 9. 7
B-1. (B) B-2. (D) B-3. (D)
10. (BC) 11. (C) 12. (B)
B-4. (D) B-5. (C) B-6. (D)
13. (D)
[k.M (C) :
C-1. (C) Hkkx - II
C-2. (a) (D); (b) (B) ; (c) (B) ; (d) (B) 1. (4) 2. (1) 3. (4)
[k.M (D) : 4. (1) 5. (4) 6. (2)
7. (3) 8. (2) 9. (2)
D-1. (B) D-2. (D) D-3. (D)
10. (4) 11. 16 12. (4)
D-4. (A) D-5. (C)
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ADVGR - 49
Gravitation
2. i`Foh ds pkjks vksj nh?kZo`Ùkkdkj d{kk esa pDdj dkV jgs vUrfj{k ;ku dh dYiuk djrs gsA bl d{kk dk U;wure fcUnq
;k vilkSj (perigee) tks i`Foh dh lrg ls 300 fdeh0 Åij gS rFkk vf/kdre fcUnq ;k milkSj (apogee) tks i`Foh
dh lrg ls 3000 fdeh0 Åij fLFkr gSA
(a) vUrfj{k;ku dk vkorZdky fdruk gksxk \
(b) vUrfj{k;ku dh U;wure fcUnq ;k vilkSj (perigee) rFkk vf/kdre fcUnq ;k milkSj (apogee) ij pky dk
vuqikr crkb;sA
(c) vUrfj{k;ku dh U;wure fcUnq ;k vilkSj (perigee) rFkk vf/kdre fcUnq ;k milkSj (apogee) ij pky Kkr
djsaA
(d) i`Foh dh lrg ls vUrfj{k;ku dks iw.kZr;k iyk;u djokus ds fy, vxj vUrfj{k;ku ds jkWdsV dks U;wure fcUnq
;k vilkSj (perigee) ls nkxk tkrk gS rks varfj{k ;ku dh pky dks fdruk c<+kuk gksxk\ vxj jkWdsV dks
vf/kdre fcUnq ;k milkSj (apogee) ls nkxk tkrk gS rks D;k gksxk\ d{k dk dkSulk fcUnq mi;ksx djuk lcls
izHkkoh gksxk\
3. ,d xzg A lw;Z ds pkjksa vksj nh?kZo`Ùk esa xfr dj jgk gSA tc ;g lw;Z ls r0 nwjh ij gksrk gS] ml {k.k bldk osx v0
ds cjkcj gS rFkk f=kT;h; lfn'k r0 ,oa osx lfn'k v0 ds chp dks.k ds cjkcj gksrk gSA d{kh; xfr ds nkSjku bl
xzg dh lw;Z ls egÙke ,oa U;wure nwjh Kkr djksA (lw;Z dk nzO;eku = MS )
4. ,d mixzg dks o`Ùkh; d{kk esa bl çdkj j[krs gS ftlls ;g i`Foh lrg ij fLFkr fdlh fuf'pr fcUnq ds ges'kk Åij
jgsA ijUrq xyrh ls mixzg dh d{kh; f=kT;k ;g djus ds fy, 1.0 fdeh0 T;knk gks tkrh gSA fdl nj rFkk fdl
fn'kk esa mixzg ds Bhd uhps fLFkr fcUnq i`Foh lrg ij xfr djsxk ?
R = i`Foh dh f=kT;k = 6400 km
r = HkwfLFkj mixzg dh d{kk dh f=kT;k = 42000 km
T = i`Foh dk Lo;a ds v{k ds ifjr vkorZdky = 24 hr.
5. 220 kg ,oa yxHkx 640 km i`Foh lrg ls Å¡pkbZ ij o`Ùkh; d{kk ds mixzg dh (a) pky vkSj (b) vkorZdky D;k
gksaxsA ;g ekfu, fd mixzg çfr pDdj 1.4 105 J ;kfU=kd ÅtkZ [kks nsrk gSA okrkoj.k ds çfrjks/k cy dks ekuusa ls
iFk /khjs&/khjs ?kVrh gqbZ f=kT;k ds o`Ùk tSlk gksrk gSA 1500 ok pDdj [kRe gksus ij mixzg ds fy, fuEu dh x.kuk
dhft, (c) Åpk¡bZ (d) pky rFkk (e) vkorZdkyA (f) D;k i`Foh ds dsUnz ds pkjksa vksj dks.kh; laosx mixzg ds fy,
;k mixzg&i`Foh fudk; ds fy, lajf{kr jgsxkA
6. m nzO;eku dk ,d xzg lw;Z ds pkjks vksj nh?kZo`Ùkkdkj d{kk esa bl çdkj xfreku gS fd bldh lw;Z ls egÙke ,oa
U;wure nwfj;k¡ Øe'k% r1 rFkk r2 gSA bl xzg dk lw;Z ds dsUnz ds lkis{k dks.kh; laosx J Kkr djksA
(lw;Z dk nzO;eku = MS)
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ADVGR - 50
Gravitation
7. m nzO;eku ,oa r f=kT;k ds Bksl xksys dks, 4 m nzO;eku rFkk 4r f=kT;k ds xksyh; dks'k esa j[kk x;k gSA xq:Roh; {ks=k
dh rhozrk fuEu fcUnq ij Kkr djsa :
y
x
(a) r < y < 2r (b) 2r < y < 8r (c) y > 8r
;gka y fun'kkad dks xksys rFkk dks'k ds Li'kZ fcUnq ls ekik tkrk gSA
8. ,d xksyk ftldh f=kT;k a rFkk ?kuRo gS] esa ,d b f=kT;k dh ldsUnzh; xksyh; xqgk fp=kkuqlkj gS %
a
b r
m
(a) xksys }kjk m nzO;eku ds d.k ij tks xksys ds dsUnz ls r nwjh ij fLFkr gS ij yxk;s x;s xq:Roh; cy F dks xzkQ
}kjk r (0 r , dh ijkl esa) ds Qyu ds :i esa iznf'kZr djksA .
(b) fudk; dh fLFkfrt ÅtkZ u (r) dks nwjh ds lkFk xzkQ ls iznf'kZr djksA
9. (a) dksbZ oLrq lw;Z (nzO;eku= MS) ds pkjks vksj mlh d{kk esa fLFkr gS ftlesa i`Foh gksrh gS rks bl oLrq ds fy,
iyk;u pky D;k gksxhA ;g ekfu, dh df{k; f=kT;k R gS ,oa oLrq i`Foh ls cgqr nwj fLFkr gS
(b) ;fn oLrq dh pky igys ls gh i`Foh dh d{kh; pky ds cjkcj gks rks fdruh U;wure vfrfjDr pky (a) Hkkx esa
iyk;u ds fy, nsuh gksxh?
10. ,d u{k=kh; oLrq A, lw;Z dh rjQ v0 osx ls (lw;Z ls vR;f/kd nwjh ij) xfreku gS rFkk fu'kkuk çkpy (aiming
parameter) gSA lw;Z ds dsUnz ds lkis{k v0 lfn'k dh fn'kk fp=k esa iznf'kZr gSA oLrq dh lw;Z ls U;wure nwjh Kkr
djksA (lw;Z dk nzO;eku = MS)
11. M1 rFkk M2 nzO;eku ds nks rkjs vius nzO;eku dsUnz ds ifjr% o`Ùkh; d{kk esa gSA M1 nzO;eku ds rkjs dh d{kh; f=kT;k
R1 rFkk M2 nzO;eku ds rkjs dh d{kh; f=kT;k R2 gSA ¼;g ekurs gq;s fd nzO;eku dsUnz Rofjr ugh gS ,oa nzO;ekuksa ds
chp dh nwjh fu;r gSA)
(a) fl) djks fd nksuksa rkjksa dh d{kh; f=kT;kvksa dk vuqikr muds nzO;ekuksa ds vuqikr ds O;qRØe ds cjkcj gS
vFkkZr~ R1/R2 = M2/M1
(b) le>k,sa fd nksuksa dk d{kh; vkorZdky leku D;ksa gS rFkk fl) djks dh vkorZdky T = 2
(R 1 R2 )3 / 2
.
G (M1 M2 )
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ADVGR - 51
Gravitation
12. Linked questions (12-16)
,d rkjs dks xeZ xSl dh R f=kT;k dh ,d xkSyh; xsan ekurs gSaA rkjs ds vUnj r nwjh ij xSl dk ?kuRo r rFkk bl
ifj{kS=k esa fLFkr xSl dk æO;eku Mr gSA f=kT;k ds lkis{k æO;eku ds ifjorZu ds fy;s mi;qDr vodyu lehdj.k
dMr
dr D;k gksxh (layXu fp=k dks ns[ksa) [OLYMPIAD 2016_STAGE-1_(ASTRONOMY)]
dMr
r
Mr
r+dr
13. ,d rkjk vius izkjfEHkd dky esa xq:Rokd"kZ.k rFkk fofdj.k nkc ds v/khu lkE; voLFkk dh fLFkfr esa dgykrk gSA
iz'u la[;k (12) ds fp=k esa iznf'kZr dr eksVkbZ ds dks'k dh dYiuk djrs gSaA ;fn bl dks'k ij nkc dp gks rks lgh
lehdj.k gksxhA (G lkoZf=kd xq:Rokd"kZ.k fu;rkad gS) [OLYMPIAD 2016_STAGE-1_(ASTRONOMY)]
dp dp
14. [kxksy foKku esa ifjek.k dh dksfV ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA vodyt dks ds vUrj dk vuqikr eku
dr dr
ldrs gksA R f=kT;k ds ,d rkjs dh dYiuk djrs gSaA blds dsUæ ij nkc PC rFkk ckgjh lrg ij nkc 'kwU; gSA ;fn
P R
vkSlr æO;eku rFkk vkSlr f=kT;k 0 gks rks PC ds fy;s O;atd Kkr dhft;sA
r 2
[OLYMPIAD 2016_STAGE-1_(ASTRONOMY)]
15. lw;Z dk æO;eku rFkk f=kT;k Øe'k% M0 = 2 × 1030 kg rFkk R0 = 7 × 105 km gks rks blds dsUæ ij nkc yxHkx
fdruk gksxkA (G = 6.67 × 10–11 m3 . kg–1. s–2) [OLYMPIAD-2016_STAGE-1_(ASTRONOMY)]
16. ekuk lw;Z ds vanj fLFkr xSl dks vkn'kZ xSl dh rjg O;ogkj djrh gSA lw;Z ds dsUæ ij rki yxHkx fdruk gksxk \
2
(xSl ds d.kksa dk la[;k ?kuRo ), cksYV~tesu fu;rkad kB = 1.4 × 10–23 J.K–1 rFkk izksVksu dk æO;eku
MH
MH = 1.67 × 10–27 kg) [OLYMPIAD-2016_STAGE-1_(ASTRONOMY)]
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ADVGR - 52
Gravitation
70
1. 25 o"kZ
(2)3 / 2
4
2. (a) T = a3 / 2 = 7.16 103 lsd.M
R g
v1 94
(b) = = 1.4
v2 67
94
(c) Vp = 896×102 eh@ls = 8.35 103 eh@ls,
67 161
67
Va = 896×102 eh@ls = 5.95 103 eh@ls
94 161
(d) V = 14× 102 67 – VP = 3.09 103 eh@ls, U;wure fcUnq ;k vilkSj
r
3. rm = 0 [1 ± 1 (2 ) sin2 ], tgk¡ = r0v02/GMS.
2
3rR
4. Vrel = = m/sec 1.66 cm/sec., Hkwe/; js[kk ds vuqfn'k iwoZ dh vksjA
rT 189
448 220
5. (a) km/s = 7.527 km/s (b) 3520 sec. 1.63 hour
3520 7
22 14 642 7040 448
(c) 6400 km 411.92 km (d) km/sec. 7.67 km/s
22 14 64 7040 6
2
3406
1703
(e) 3406 sec. 1.55 hour (f) No
56
6. J = m 2GMSr1r2 /(r1 r2 )
Gm (y r) ˆ Gm 4Gm Gm ˆ
7. (a) ( j ) (b) ( ˆj ) (c) ( j)
r 3
(y r)2
(y 4r)2
(y r)2
8. (a) cy r f=kT;k rd ds xksys ds æO;eku ds dkj.k gksxk
fLFkfr (i) esa 0 < r < b ; æO;eku M = 0, vr% F(r) = 0
4 4 b3
In case (ii) b < r < a ; æO;eku M = (r3 – b3), vr% F(r) = Gpm r 2
3 3 r
4 4 a3 b 3
(iii) a < r < ; æO;eku M = (a3 – b3), vr% F(r) = Gpm 2
3 3 r
r2
(b) Uf – Ui = – Fc .dr
r1
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ADVGR - 53
Gravitation
2Gm
(ii) b < r < a ; u(r) = (3ra2 - 2b3 - r3)
3r
4Gm 3
(iii) a < r < ; u (r) = (a b3 )
3r
9. (a)
2GMs
R
(b)
2 1
GMs
R
10. rmin = (GMS / v02) [ 1 ( v 02 / GMS )2 – 1]
42 [1.5 1012 ]3
11. M = = 3.376 1029 kg, M = 2M = 6.75 1029 kg
3G[44.5 365 86400]2
dMr dp GM GM02 3
12. =r4r2 13. – 2 r r 14. PC =
dr dr r R 04 2
15. 5 × 1014 N/m2 16. 2.10 × 107
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ADVGR - 54