MAKERERE UNIVERSITY Deportment of Mathematics College of Natural Sciences SUL S... En Senastud No:. A080MAC. Reg No:..CL/0./US Ose Name School: Et C Course: MT H 2101 Wednesday Oct. 2nd, 201 uctions: Attempt ALL questions in the provided space. 1. Prove t € set of real numbers MR is infinite. [3 marks} 2. Given the set X = {7 € R: (x —3)(x +2) <0}. Find the (a) supremum (1 mark] (b) infoum {1 mark] () maximum and {1 mark] (d) minimum of the set X {1 mark} 3. Prove that Ya, b,c € ® then a? +b? +c? > ab+ ac + be. [3 marks} (3 marks] ijective map between the set (0,1) and (0,00)Semester I Makerere Univ Examinations 2019/2020 caminations 2018/5" 70-3) (3 ma ) ee 1. jg injective on (0.1) 5. Show that the function f(t) = 74235 rs is Cauchy 6. Prove that every convergent sequence of real numbet => Ar tab a gaporte (Aq) a an PO a gag ESO We , ene VQ~BeVX A P\ wrens, SSR WE TA aale [aaa —4 ep +19) < i S Cheete NPRE ( a T. Find the lim inf(a,) [3 markg and limsup(aq) for the sequence {n-sin (3) }™ (4 maris} 8. Use the ¢~ NV definition to prove that the sequence (ie is convergent. | marks! 9. Explain why each of the following statements does not Qualify to be the definition of a null sequencel Give a counter example if possible), ° ‘ (a) A sequence in which for sufficiently number. (b) A sequence in large n, each term is less than some small positive vhiich each term is strictly positive Ay= {nat e : fessAliau its predecessor while remaining . Det a UL cap, (c) A sequence in which each ‘term is strictly tv thin its prelecaasee®Makerere University Department of Mathematics Date: Mondey 18" November, 2019 From: 08.00 - 10: 00 Am Instructions: (i) This examination consists of SECTION A and SECTION B. (ii) Attempt ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO from Section B. (iis) ‘There is no benefit in attempting more than TWO questions from Section B. {iv) If you answer more than two questions in Section B, ony the first consecutive two will be marked. (a) Please, read and follow ALL the instructions on the examination answer book Section A: Answer ALL the questions for 40 marks 1. Given that a,b € Ry. Prove that the inequality °## > vab holds. {2 marks} 2, Prove that if & and 2 are rational numbers with ged(m,m) = 1 and (p,q) = 1, then a4 @) is not a rational number. {8 marks} 2? a a 3. Prove that the sequence {#42}°" , is null. {3 marks} 4. (a) Write down the e ~ N definition for convergence of a sequence of real numbers {an} toa real number a. [1 mark} (b) Use the definition in 4(a) to prove that the sequence {8252} | is convergent to 3 {3 marks} 5. Given the sequence {an} where a, = (—1)" +2, n= 1,2,3,.... Find (a) limsup(an) (2 marks} (>) lim inf(a,) {2 marks} (c) Comment on the existence of the lim (an) (1 mark} 6. (a) What is meant by a series of real numbers > @, being convergent? 1 mark} at (b) Given that an = payynraymray = 23,4, (i) Show that aarytstyaray (ii) Use the expression in 6(b(i)) above and the concept of partial sums to prove that the given series J° a, converges to } 7 marks}10. u 12. S 1! e series 5-2 con mine whether th gence test to deter ise an appropriate convel Let ee wor{i r<3 Prove that f is (a) continuous to the left at 2 = 3. (b) discontinuous to the right at z= 3 Le: f.9 :[te.b) +R. Suppose that f(o) = 9(%9) = ° and that f,g are u.verentiable on = fig) for all x € (to.5) [4 marks (20,5) with 9'(xr0) #0. Prove that jim & = Fas) Let { be continuous on [a,6],a > 0 and differentiable on (a.8)- Prove thet there exists c€ (2,8) such that YZ9=208 = F(c) — cf'(0).[Hint Use Cauchy's Mean value Theorem) } [4 mark Section B: Attempt ANY TWO questions for 30 marks (a) Let $ CR. Define what is meant by zo € R being (3) a supremum of the set S. rer (Gi) an infimum of the set 5. [1 mark (b) Let $= {e ER: (2+ 2)(e- 8) <0}. Find the (i) sup(S) ) sup. [8 marks (ii) inf(S) [1 mark] (ii) maximum of tke set 5 (1 mai (c) Let {ag} and {By} for n= 1,2,3,... be bounded subsets of - Heat odolan ba} < sup( an} + Supt) of eal umber. ear sup sup oe) + sup is) (a) Let $ be a bounded subset of R. Prove that ~sup(—S) inf(S) (4 masks) (a) Prove that if a bounded sequence of teal numbers {a,}$2, is convergent to rl number a°, then Kim sup(an) = lim inf(an). tas (b) Prove that the sequence {35}, n € Nis Cauchy. [5 mari (c) Prove that every convergent sequence {aq}, 7 € N is Cauchy. (3 marks} (4) Let {on} 2a be a sequence of real numbers defined inductively by Gntt = (Qn + Ont) B= 23s Let 1,42 be fixed real numbers such that a 1 and diver forO verges. [4 marks} 4 2m converges. [4 marks (c) Determine whether the series > “Y* converges absolutely. (4 marks} n=l - (d) Use the Maclaurin’s series expansion of ¢* to show that {3 marks} 14. (a) Let f : D(f) + R be a function where D(f) is the domain of f. Prove that if lim f(x) =U, then lim, f(x) = lim f(z) =! {4 marks] (b) Let f : RR be defined by, z>0 r=0 z<0 f(a)= Use either the ¢ — 6 definition or the concept of sequences to prove that the function f(x) is discontinuous at « = 0. {3 marks] (c) Let f and g be continuous at a point 2» € D(f) D(g). Prove that the product of (4 marks} functions fg is contintions at (a) (i) Define what is meant by the real function J Pein uniformly continuous on the set Sc Df) [1 mark) (ji) Let $= (0,8). Prove that f(z) = 92" is uniformly continuous on the set S. [3 marks] — ENDMARBRBHES Unitwiitinin DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS MTH 2101 REAL ANALYSIS I, TEST ON DATE: THURSDAY 27 SEPTEMBER 2018, 13:00 to 14:00 B, 2018/2019 Note: Attempt as many questions as you can. Start with the questions you find easiest. Adel statements to a correct solution may lead to loss of already acquired marks. Give oniy one ars-ue’ sou guestion. 1, [8 marks] Let A,B be subset of R. Draw and fill the table below with either “countable”, “wneountable or “it depends” to indicate the countability of AU B and ANB, if 4 and B have the countability given in the first two columns. © a B AUB [4nB countable countable countable ‘uncountable uncountable uncountable For each of the following statements on o subset S of reai numoers, $ having least uyper hound |, state whether the statement i) is always true, or ii) sometimes true or ii) never true, (a) [2 marks] -L is a lower bound of S. (b) [2 marks] 1 is an accumulation point of S. (c) [2 marks] L— g2bg is not an upper bound of S. (a) 2 marks] the set (1,14 €] AS is always an empty set for any ¢ > 0. 3, [6 marks] Prove that the product of a nonzero rational number together with ar irrational amber 1s wat invational number. rick your ausswers 4. State (just state) which of the following sets are open sets and which ones are not. B to ‘is an open set”, “is not an open set” (a) (2 marks} Sy = (3.9.4.8) (b) (2 marks] Sp = (2 ER: 2? <2} (c) {2 marks) Ss = (tt? 21) (a) [2 marks} S$. = {0} U (1-2) a2: -2< a <2} (e) [2 marks} Ss 5. edd.2,4 marks} Determine the supremum and infimum of the sets £1. 5 vont if they exist. In the case of So, 53 and Ss first work out what these ave 6. What are the derived sets of the following sets? i (4) (6 marks] {(—1)" + 2 ine N} onverges to the indicated Use the defixition of convergence to prove that each of the following sequen limits, (a) [8 marks} (5 TOTAL MARKS. 80MAKBRERE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATIC ST TWO..2018/2019 “ni EAL ANALYSIS J, TEST 5 MITH 2101 REAL ey is Octave! 201 “Answer all Questions CRUE. if the statement is always tue, Dil 1. For each of the following statements answer TRUE. if the state FALSE. cent limits, ded (a) [2 marks] Any wo subsequences of a divergent sequence have diff (b) [2 marks] Every tail of a subsequence of a convergent {6) [2 marks} A divergent sequence may have a convergent subsequence (a) {2 marks} The sequence of partial suns of the series Sof, fPr is not bounded ie) [2 marks] If sequences on.bn.cn are such that dy 2000 and by < ey for a 2.000,000 and the sequences ay —+ f.¢q Las m-¥ co then the sequence by —+ I usm — x 1 sequence is boui 2. 18 marks] Prove that the seq 2c (qty) is a Cauchy sequence 3. State (just state) whether the following series are convergent or divergent. (a) (2 marks] T (9) [2 marks} D fe) Suppose TfL; ox is a series of pesitive termas that converges to $. Which of the following state ve. which One 1s false? Give 2, brief explanation or proof of your answer (a) [8 marks) The sequence (—27ax) converges to 0. {b) [3 moris] The series TZ, Gax converges to 6S. {c) {3 marks] The series DZ (-1)'ax converges. Consider the series = 1 Laney mi {i} [5 marks] Use partial fractions to determine sq, the nth partial sun of th Deduce that (ii) [2 sna 6. [19 sarks} Sup fave that the scries 77 Use the definition uf convergence of series 1 Say converges to 60. ENDMAKERERE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MATI ATICS MTH 2101 REAL ANALYSIS 1, TEST TWO, 2018/2019 Tuesda:’ 30th October 2018 Answer all Questions For each of the following stitements-answer TRUE, if the statement is always true Otherwise, answe FALSE. (a) [2 marks| Any two subsequences of a divergent sequence have different limits. FALSE {9} {2 marks] Every tail of a Subsequence of a convergent sequence is bounded. TRUE (c) [2 marks] A divergent sequence may have a converg ent subsequenée, TRUE (4) [2 miarksl ‘The sequétice of partial sum of the series JEL, AM is not bounded. FALSE (e} (2:marks| If sequences ai.,0,,cy are such that a; 2 by for all nm > 2000 and by < cy for all n 2,000,000 and the sequences an — I,¢n — 1 as 7 > 6o then the sequence 6, > lasn + TRUE \ Son wy Less har wnbve Gus (c) {3 marks} The series Ti ,(-1Nau: conve5. Consider the series = z the nth partial sum of the series (i) {8 marks} Use partial fractions to determine Sn, i 2 iA. «tf Goa = Aes?) (exr\(e42) e+ rd i ; > 1+ 2A+8 awd, OF > 2-6. oq, ; = DAWA =A, 42 Hence L _ L -+b nee » Cetin) kay jeer t Soe oat = ak Cr a eet. bar = bebe 4 2 (i) (2 marks) Dedee that hte th wk Soe bk aed 2 A = Ce eras 8. 10 marks) Sa 10 marks} Suppose the series S72, ay oon rove that the series J", Sax’ converges to ana ee the Gefen of LA E20. turd 's Go Samal” Sa = eo Bee ne fed Sen <1 [sn-G@0 |] < S wlereer ASTIN convergence of series te1 2101 REAL ANALYSIS I TEST 1 October 2016 MAKERERE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS 1. Let S bea bounded subset of real numbers. Prove that sup(—S) = ~inf(s). [2 merks) <— 2. (@) Find the supremuin, maximum, minimum and infimum for each of the following sets of real numbers. () M={z€Q:2? <5} Gi) N= {neN:(— IP G-)} (8 marks} (b) (i) Define what is meant by a set X being countably infinite (i) Show that the set {~2,1,4,7,10,...} is countably infinite {4 marks} 3. (a) Write down the ¢— N(¢) definition for lim (r,) = «. {1 mark] (b) Using the ¢— N’(e) definition in 3(a) above. Prove that lim (2248) = 5. {8 marks} 4. (a) Prove that the limit of a sequence of real numbers (if it exists) is unique. (2 marks} (b) By considering relevant subsequences, prove that, the sequence {n- sin (32) }° is not convergent. (3 marks} 5 For each of the following given properties of sequences, find an example of a sequence that srtisfies them; (a) raonotone but not bounded. (b) vounded and strictly increasing. (c) Strictly decreasing but not convergent. 7 s| (d} bounded but not monotone. (4 marks State whether the converse to the statement: “If a sequence {an}s2 ; is convergent, then {|an|}}22,” is True or false. If your answer is false, then give counter example. (2 marks] ©GIM OCT, 2016Te pre sup(-s) f(s) spt ) We Xswf(h) om o Aes set wy \ , 1S ¢ loudiWies — (i) te () -xe-s e-S (x) -2 < ee (A CC Thar = (8) = So M ved - Sep Mi) Max N L . tf Re )a N t hm A v 2)ee | 163,05,64- 764, . ‘ : tr wo €& iy rig | ‘ 7 ¢ x AoA } yf j t Jnzy ee (c bank bi | & ,#