PUBLIC POWER CORPORATION BLECTRIC POWER DIVISION ATHENS - GREECE SPECIFICATION Yo. GR-50 FOR TREATED WOODEN CROSSARMIS April 2, 1952 Revised July 27, 1953 " Decoy 1, 1953 \ * March 9, 1954 " July 8, 1959 fies EPA. 28.8.59) * Jamery 1, 1960 (Tv, 105 BPA. 30.6.60) + March 1, 1960 (Tv.92 BrA.4.4.60) " July 28, 1966 (Iv. 31 BTA. 26.7.66)PUBLIC POWER CORPORATION ELEOTRIC-POYER DIVISION ATHENS -G23303 7 April 2,1953, , Revised July 27,1953 : : eo. 1,1953 . ". March 957954 See July 8, 1959 fy.81) « Maroh 17,1960 (ry.92) : "Jan. . I, (Pv. 105 BTA+30.6.60) SPECIFICATION No. GR-50 Scopes This Specification covers the production ail treatment of wooden crossarns. The term "Corporation" whenever used in this Specification shall mean and refer to the Fublic Power Corporation. 2 Timber Species All crossarms shall be cut from live dense timber : Douglas Fir (Pscudotsuge Taxifolia), abies Cephalinica, Pinus Palustris, Pinus Syl- vestris, Pinus Wigra, Pinus Echinata, Pinus Taeda, Pinus Caribea and / or Pinus Rigida Serotina. 3+ Reject 411 crossarms not in accordance with this Specification shall. de rejected. 4 The following definitions are a part of this specification and shall apply thereto. (a) Bows Bow is a deflation flatwise from a straight line drawn from end of a piece and is measured at a point of greatest distance from the straight line. It does not include short kinds. (b) Brashness! Brashness in wood commonly means the tendency of the wood to fail sudden}y under stress and break across the grain with little or no splintering. It is also called "brittleness", Three outstanding factors have been developed which indicate brashness in wood: i) Brceptionally low specific gravity or weight of a piece, as compared to average woight for a given species. i) An especially small volume! of summer wood. ii) Fibers with thin walls.oe (c) Check : A check is a longthwise separation of the wood which occurs usually across the rings of annual growth. (a) ion Yoods Compression wood is an abnormal growth frequently occuring on the underside of leaning trees and limbs. It is @onser and harder than rornel wood, is characterised by wide annual growth rings, usually sccentric snd includes what appears to be an exceptional proportion. of summer wood. The, contrast in color between spring wood and summer wood, however, is usually less in compression wood than in normal “Wood. Compression wood is low in strength for its weight. (e) Grack 3 A crack is a break or fracture across the grain of the wood. (tf) croseg: Cross-graih is that grain which is not parallel with the exis ef the piece. (e)_ Gup_s . Cup is a ourve in @ piece across the grain or width of plece . It is measured at the point of greatest distance from a straight line drawn from edge to edge of a pices. (h) Dogay, Deke or ot i Deoay is a disintegration of wood duc to the action of wood destroying fungi. The dote and rot moan the samo as decay. (i) Heartwood i Heartwood is the wood ‘extending from the pith to the sapwood. It is usually darker in color than the sapwood. (3) Knots + i) A rouna or oval knot showing on a surface of a piece of sawn lumber is the end section of a branch, or limb out across the rings of annual growth, ‘The size of a knot shall bo determined by measuring the least kimension of tho ond section. 1 41) A spiked knot in a piece of sawn lumber ia a branch or Limb which has been cut lengthwise, showing the lengthwise Section on the adjacent surface, the ond scction and the lengthwise sections intersecting at the corner (intersection) of the t#o adjacent faces. 44d) A tight knot may be red or black and is so fixed by growth, shape or position that it retains ite place in the piece. iv) An unsound knot contains decay. v) A loose knot is one nob held in place by growth, shape or position, 7 iv) A kmot cluster is t¥o or more knots grouped together aS a unit with the fibers of the wood deflected around the entire unit,Sie (x): Fo. “A pitch pocket is a well-defined opening between the rings of anmal” growth, usually containiag more or less pitch, -either solid or liquid. ‘ Q) Pte 4 pitch seam is a shake wr check which is filled with pitch. (=) Pat structural cente: (n) Bed Hoa: Pith is a small soft core occuring in the it See decay (0) Sapwood + Sapwood is the leyer of wood next to the bark, usually lighter in oolor than the héartwood. (p) Sections-1 For ease of description, crossarms are devided- into sections as shown ‘Pop Center ~{ 22d yo Section Lowor Half ¥ lseotigy Lower fee oF Genta Sect race Bolt Holes Brace Bolt Holes (included in center section) Wop Hal? ee gee ee eee pte (a) Shai which occurs uaua _! A shake is a lengthwise separation of the wood ly between the wings of annual growth. (r) Spi (s) rin Spring wood is the portion of the annual growth ving that is formed daring the early part of the season's growth. It is usually less dense, lighter in color and weaker mechanically than eummor wood. A split is a lengthwise separation of tho wood. (s) _! Summer wood is the portion of the annual growth ring that is £ @ the latter part of the yearly growth period, It is usually more dense, darker in colour, and stronger mechanically than spring wood. (u) dane: Mane is bark or lack of wood from any cause of the edge, er corner of a’piecs. (v) Yormnoles_s° Wormboles are small holes resulting from worms having beeb in the woods (x) Warp + arp is any variation fron a truo, or plane surface. Tt ineludes crosk, “Bow, cup or any combination thorcof.(a) Checks Length, max. Top face Other faces Limitations to defeota Abies . T/3 length of arm ae Douglas Fir Cephalonica — .. Pines Ho,continuous checks por~ mitted intersecting end 5 em in length pin holes and end or inter secting adjacent pin holes T/2 length of arm Checks shall not be repeated in same lino of grain in adjacent pin holes. Depth, max. Width, max. (e) Compression Yood (5) Gracks (a)" Crossgrain Max. Genter to half, End séctions (0c) Decay (doto or rot) (£) knots Clusters Loose ‘knots & knot holes In upper conter soction In lower conter and end sections Spiked knots or spiked knot cavities On top’ face Elsewhere T/5 distance to 1/5 distance to opposite opposite face face Not over 4,8 um Not over 4,6 mm Prohibited Prohibited on any faco Permitted if wholly on- closed in the arm, not less than 6 annual rings from the surface and not , over I om in width Prohibited Prohibited 25mm in 300um ox~ 25mm in 300mm, exclusive elusive of devia-: of deviation around knots tion around knots or pitch pockets or pitch pockets Wo sharp deviation No sharp deviation of, of grain if many grain if many end grain end grain fibers fibers are exposed are exposed 25mm in 250mm if no25mum in 250mm if no other other defects are defects are present present Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited Shall drain water Shall drain water Permitted if not greator the half dimenoions allowed for knots in this section Pormitted if not greater than dimensions allowed for knots in this’ section Permitted if not over Prohibited T9mm in width or 9,50m in depth Permitted if not greater in depth then half Gimensions allowed for knots in this sectionTight Knots ‘ Single knotssmare, Sum of diameters in 152mm*section, max, Knots intersooting pin holes, max., 1 a (e) (a) For Douglas Fir & Abies Cephalonica For pines Distance of knots & knot holes from pin holes gt surface of crossarm, min., Unsound Exceptionally light weight or brashy wood Sides, mex., Bottom, max., -5- Genter Section Lower Half 25mm 32mm Simm * (63mm 16mm Ténm T2,5mm - 12,5mm Zdiam, S/2 dian, ProhibitedProhibited Prohibited Fitoh Pockets sllowable An 2500nm(?roportional for different lengths) Top face, max., Bnd Sootion 38a 160m 25mm 25m T/2 diam, Prohibited Prohibited ‘Qwo pockets each 3,2nm in width by TOOmm in length Three pockets, each 3, 2mm in width by 200 nm in Length Three pockets, cach 3,2nm in width by 300mm in length (Tho equivalent surface area in smaller and shorter pogkets acceptable on top, sides and bottom, ) 44) (3) (x) Q) (n) (a) (0) @) Piteh Seams Pith Centers Red Heart Sapwood Shakes Splits Torn Grain, Max., Jane : End Seetion, max. Prohibited Prohibited, if more than 3, 2mm from face Prohibitea Ho limitation Prohibited Prohibited "Q,80m deep 25um measured agross surface. Oa not nore than one edge, Bark to be removed Acceptable Prohibited No limitation Prohibited Prohibited 1, 6mm deep 25na measured, across corners, On not mire than one odge. Bark to be removed.ae Genter Section End Seotion op. Center section Tamm measured across (32mm with some Limi surface. On not more tations as above. than one edgs. (a) erp 7 Mex. 2,5mm in 30mm of length but not in two directions. (x) Worm Holes Prohibited (exceptions— small holes permitted if 7 loss is no greater than permitted by wane) 6. Strength and Sizo of arms : The fibre strength of seasoned timber ready for use, shall on test be not less than 520 kg. per sq.om. Sizes and drillings shall conform to latest revision of attached Specification Drawing No. &-4010 or A-4010-2. The crossarms shall be surfaced on all four sides after seasoning. #11 drilling and surfacing shall be done bofore treatment. 7. Pelling ané Dressing: All, timber shall be felled when the sap is dom and shall bo sawn off sqaure and flat as close to the ground as possible. 8. Material shall be conditioned by air-seasoning, by-heating in the preservative, or by steaming. a. Air-Seasoni when circumstances permit, material should be air-scasoned. When theré is no sufficient time for proper air-seasoning, artificial con~ Aitioning should be used. ‘The seasoning yard should be in the open where the air currents will circulate freely, should not be in a low, humid situation if it oan be avoided; should haye good drainage; and should be kept froe from vegatation and debris, especially from wood already infected with decay. . ALL stacks of soasoning material should be supported on treated or other non-decaying sills, and in‘sll eases theo should bo at least 30 om of uncnclosed air space underneath the lower most layer of material, with more in warm humid climates of locations. Yo allow proper air circulation, the alleys between the stacks should be not less than 90 om wide in the working spaces and 30 om wide in other gurections to obtain full advantageof the prevailing winds. Material will season faster in fairly open stacks, Material should be stacked with at least 5 om of air space between layers. Stickers should be of treated yood. Top protection shall be provided by suiteble moans if climatic conditions: required it, and the exposed ends of crossarm shall be protected by the application of bitumastid or other approved solution. When steam-conditioning is used, material shall be steamed in the cylinder at the tomperatire specified in table I for the individual type of material, hut in any case the amximum temperatire shall not ibe reached in loss than one hour. The eylinder shall be provided with vents to relieve it of air and insure proper distribution of steam. 4 vacuum may be drawn to remove the air prior to'the introduction of steam. After steaming is completed a vacuum as specified in table I for the individual type of material shall be croated in the oylindbr, The cylinder shall be drained continuously or frequently enough to prevent condensate from accumlating in sufficientquantity to reach the wood, Before the preservative is introduced, the cylinder shall be drained of condensate. em conditioning + c. eating in the preservative When conditioning by heating in tho proservative is used, the preserva~ tive shall cover the material in the cylinder, The temporature of the preserva— dive during the conditioning period shall not exceed the maximum spoeified in table I forthe individual typo of material. : Tf a vacuum is drawn during the conditioning period it shall be of sufficient intensity to évaporate water from tho materiel at the temperature of the prea servative, The intensity of the vacuum or the temperature of the preservative, or both, shall be adjasted.so as to regulate the evaporation of the water satisfactorily. The conditioning shall continue until the material is sufficiently heated and enough water removed to pernit proper penetration. The preservative shall be removed from the cylinder and air admitted bofore an empty-cell (Lowry ana Rueping) process is applied. ce No batch of timber shall be deemed to be ready for transference to the inpregnating plant if the moisture content exceeds 22%, For the purpose of determining the average moisture content of a crossarm a sample 1,5 to 2 om long shall be cut from the full cross=section of the picce at a distance not lose than 25 om from one end, Alternatively ‘the sample may consist of borings of a total weight not less than 8 grams:‘Douglas Fir Abies Cephalonica I, Conditioning (Crossarms which have an | (Crossarms which have an{ Air-seasoning, or kiln (Prior to "reatrent) average moisture content average moisture content| drying bofore machining to an below 20%). Drying may be above 22%).Donditioning average moisture content of accomplished by air sea~ may be accomplished by not more than 22%, sononing or any setisfaw steaming. otory artificial neans. I. Initiel Stvawixs temp.— deg. 0,Max. TI5°) Mot required 23° Teg? ) Not required Dure*ion-bretix. » 3) but permitted 8 3) wut permitted Initial Tecuum om Hg at sea “evel tia. Not required but permitted 56 Rot required Duration-be. Min. i wut permitted | 1.2 aeating in Prosexvetive | Not requized Wot required Remp.~deg. 9. “wax. 99 Duration-F} é-9- The sample shall be weighed (¥) as soon as it is cut in order to prevent loss of moisture. The sample shall then be dried in a venti- lated oven at a temperatire: of Looee (212°F ) until it attains a steady weight (DO. ,# The porcentage moisture content (X) shall be determined from the forma: Hee : x Too 10. Preservative + . Phe preservative shall be oither 2 . a. Creosote as specified below >... Pentachlorophanel as specified below Bids are required for cither or both of the above- alternative processes. Creosote shall be in the form of undulterated oil of creosote complying with the latest revision of oithor of tho following epooifications vist American Yood Prosorvers issociation "Standard Specification for Creosote, PI. b. British Standard Specification No. 144. Pentachlcrophonol shall be used as a solution of pentachlorophenol in etroleum, Tho pontachlorophenol and the petroleum for use with pentachlo- rophenol shall conform to American Yood Presevers'. Association Standards, @ho pentachlorophenol content shall not be less than 5% by weight. Tha petroleum solvent shall be light in color ané be of a type having sufficient solvency and plasticizing effect to insure against the formation of penta chlorophenol crystals on the surface of the orcesarms. The pentachlorophenol Solution shall be free from suspended solids to insure a clean dry precedure. i. The empty cell impregnation process shall bo carried out after ell cutting and drilling has been completed. : The process shall be carricd out in accordance with the latest revision of AuPA Standards .CI-57, and 25-57 as follows :-10- ERPTY CELL (LOW AND _RUEPING) STANDARD PROCESS Material chall be subjected to atmospheric air pressure or to higher initial sir pressure of the necessary intensity and duration, whiah shall be' maintained tron when preservative is introduced until the cylinder is filled. The pressure shall then be raised to not more than 8,8 kg/on® when treated wood is fir, (Douglas Fir or Abies Cephalonica), and to not more than-I4 kg/cn* when the woad species is pine tpinus). ‘The temperature of the preservetive during the ontire pressure period shall be not more than 99°C, but shall average et least 82°C. aterial shall be hold under prossure {until there is obtained the largest practicable volumetric. injection that ean be reduced to the below stipulated retention by ejection of surplus }re~ servative from expansion of the air and by a quick high vacuum, After pressure is completed te cylinder shall be emptied speedily of preservative, and a vacuum of not less than 560mm of mercury created premptly and maintained until the wood can be removed from the cylinder free of éripping preservative. The vacuum ‘shall last not less than T hour. Poles and crossarm timber shall not be treated simultaneously in tho same impregnating tank or cylinder. Tbe net retention in any charge shall be nt loss than 99 pereont of tho quantity of preservative that is specified below; but the average retention by tho material treated under any contract or order of 5 charges or more and tho average rotcntion of any 5 consééutive charges shall be at least I00 percent of the quantity specified, oxcept whon the obaracter of the wood in any charge makes these’ requirements imprecticable, despite treatment to refusal, in which letter case allowance shall be made for the defference between the quantities of preservative spocified and retained. When tho contract or order comprises less than 5 charges the average retention shall be not less ‘than 95 poroent of the q.antity specified. Phe amount of preservative solution retained shall be determined from roadings of working-tank guages or scales, or from weights before and after treatment of loaded trams on suitable track scales, with the necessary corrections for changes in moisture content. The retention of prosorvative shall be calculated after correcting the volume of preservative solution retained to 38°C, Corrections of volume or specific gravity shall be made using the factors contained in Section F of ANP. 1s: oF: TREATMONT Abies Cophalonica Pines Douglas Fir Rotention-kg per ou.m ain, 041 Preservative (as specified) Creosote, 128 96 Dry Pentachlorophenol 654 4,8ere Abies Cephalonica Douglas Fir Penetration . :Sepwood, percont-Min.s + 00 , I00 | Heartwood, city longitudinal from holes and snds—iiin., 655 Heartwood, ‘whore incised, depth ~ om Not required 4,8 “Determination of Fenetration The menetration of preservative may be determined by either of the following two methodss 5 Alternate A (Borings) A dorer core shall be taken from not less than 20 crossarms in each treating charge. The borings shall be taken from the side or bottom of the orossarms and should he taken in the end sections, beyond the braco~ oat holes. The bored hokes shall be plugged with preservative-treated plugs driven into the axms. Altomate B (Savple Crossarm Sections) Forty sample crossara sections shall be treated with cach charge of crossars. The samples shall be so placed as to he representative of the actual treatment given the crossarms themselves. The sections may be taken from rejected untreated crossarms and shall be not lees then 60 om in length, Gare must be taken to insure that the sections are typical of the orossazms being troated and have the same moisture content. After treatment, 20 of the sections shall be split open longitudinally for examination and determination of monetration. The remaining 20 sections shall be retained intact for use in cave retreatment is required (see Section below). If re-treament is not required tho sections may he split open for additional information. Lispoction If $0 percent or more of thc borings or sections have satisfactory penetration, the entire charge shall be accepted, Clean}iness After treatment, the surface of all crossarms shall be clean to the touch, ‘ Ih Re~treatment: Material not cohdorming to the stipulated minimum requirements, may bo retreated and may be re-offered for acceptapes, under the following conditions.-12- Material ahall not be ro-treated more than twice. The limits for conditioning and treatment stipulated in this specification shall not be exceeded during re-treatment. When material is retreated in a charge with untreated material, the volume of the re-troatable material shall not exceed IO percent of the- total volume of the charga; and:jn the computation of the required minimum net rotention of preservative, all materigl in tho charge shall be considered as untreated. When a charge as a whole is re-treated, the total retention ap a result of all treatment shall be sufficient to satisfy the apevifiea requirements’ for both net retention and penctration. ‘Mhen a charga made up of pieces rejected for insufficient penetration only is re-treated, the amount of preservative injoctod during re-treatment shall be sufficient to produce the roqlired ponet#ation. T4, Marking: 4ll.crossarms shall be legibly and permanently marked by impression on one side in I0em letters with a letter denoting tho kind of preservation; two letters showing the species of wood, followed by the last 2 figures of the yoar in which treatment took place, The marking shall not be°deep enough, to. woaken the wood fibres. as Tho code letters, designating the species of wood and preservative used shall be as follows ¢ Dosignation Gode Letter : 2 Pinus, Palustrie : “EP Pinus “Sylvestris . PS. Pinue-Nigra te PN ; Abies Cephalonica ao Douglas Fir DP Pinus Echinata PE Pinus Teoda PT * Pinus Caribaea : PC Pinus Rigida Serotina PR Groosote Preservative c Pontachlorophenol Preservative P $ All crossarrs shell be subject to inspection and must not be, shipped without release from Corporatio's representative, Release of material Shall not relieve the.manufacturer fron responsibility for furnishing material to conform to requiromentg of the order nor invalidate any claim wich Cozpo- ration may because of defestive or unsatisfactozy material. The furnisher and hie subcontractore shall provide adequate facilities to the Corporation's representative to teat and inspect the cross-arms.-Ip- The furnisher shall inform the Corporation of progress of the Work in his shops, and siell advise him as to expected dates for completion, to the ond that porgross of work is clearly indicated and so that inepection and the witnessing of tests may be scheduled without delay. Copies of furnisher's test reposts shall be supplied to the Corpo~ ration as requested. These reports shall be certified as correct by a respo- nsible representative of the ‘furnisher. Ast 16, Tests at Furnisher's All stages of the felling, dressing, handling, seasoning and impregnation procedure and the finally troated crossarms up to the point of delivery shall be subject to inspection by the Purchaser, furthermore record shall be kept of the date of felling and atocking. In addition, any or all of the following tests may be called for at the option of the purchser, viz: a. Testing of creosote preservative according to an approved Specification, and to ascortain that the water content shall not exceed 3%. One half a(litre sample) shall be taken each month and submitted for test, », Testing of Pentachlorophonol Solution for each solution prior to impregnation to show that it conforms to AWPA Standards, Onc half a litre sample shall be taken from each solution and retained for tost. e. Dotormination of penetration as called for in clause 12 of present Specification by inspection of oross section of cut crossarma, If the required ponotration has not taken place, the material shal) be tetmeted without extra cost. Retreatment, however, should be avoided so far as practi- cable. The maximum limits for temperature and the maximum limit for proservative pressure that apply to original treatment, shall not be exceeded during retreatment. a. Tests to determin the retention by any recognised method, including, if called for, the weighing of typical solutions befor and after treatment. e. In order to determine fibre strength, which shall not de less then the figure given in clause 6, not less than 3 sample pieces of timber 5 om X 5 X 75 cm shall be cut from selected ‘timber and subjected to @ bending tost at an approved labo~ ratory. Inspection for all lumber defects and approved tests for moisture content shall be made before treatment. cEv/te/ 355a/60/s at/aor. _ IXI-FIG1 3.500 t6. Samm Ficul © imported crossarme Stiacoys 6 Sieve *#ERSPOA Fomloec “Tove. Braxtoved - End view for ~ al crossarms: suener, | [ saercen =YAINO| BPAXIONEZ.M,TAZERE= AIEVOTNSIT My TENSION WOODEN CROSSARM! AEA MEAETON, & KATASKEYON AIANOMBE: oe Souci irevion x TOROS