CIS7030 - Geospatial Analysis

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Table of Contents
Part-1................................................................................................................................................4

Task 1.1: Application of geospatial visualization tool on a real-world dataset...........................4

Task 1.2: Analysis of geospatial datasets....................................................................................4

Task 1.2.1.................................................................................................................................4

Task 1.2.2.................................................................................................................................5

Task 1.2.3.................................................................................................................................5

Task 1.2.4.................................................................................................................................6

Task 1.2.5.................................................................................................................................6

PART 2 – Geospatial Sentiment Analysis using Social Media Data..............................................7

Task 2.1: Data pre-processing.....................................................................................................7

Task 2.2: Polarity analysis...........................................................................................................8

Task 2.3 Subjectivity analysis.....................................................................................................9

Task 2.4 Storify/ Interpretation..................................................................................................10

PART 3 – Review/Report..............................................................................................................13

Task 3.1: Review different techniques used for geospatial analysis.............................................13

Introduction................................................................................................................................13

Functionality..............................................................................................................................13

Common use in different areas..................................................................................................13

Strengths and limitations...........................................................................................................14

Task-3.2 Report on the importance of geospatial analysis in different areas and how these areas
are benefiting from geospatial analysis.........................................................................................15

Two application areas of geospatial analysis.............................................................................15

Current state...............................................................................................................................15

Challenges..................................................................................................................................15
 Solution available......................................................................................................................16

Future direction..........................................................................................................................16

References......................................................................................................................................16
Part-1

Task 1.1: Use of geospatial based visualization tool and its application

Represent the world agricultural land percentage for the years 2005 and 2015 respectively

Task 1.2: Analyzing geospatial based datasets

Task 1.2.1

For 2006, graph agricultural land percentage for countries having population lesser
than142538305. Interpret and generate a plot associated.
Task 1.2.2

For 2006, plot agricultural land percentage for country having population more than
298379912.Interpret and generate plot associated.

Task 1.2.3

For 2006, plot agricultural land percentage for country having presence of populations b/w
188167353 & 1165486291.
Task 1.2.4

Show percentage change of the agricultural land percentage from 2000 - 2010, for countries
having the high population for year 2006. For this question, consider agricultural land percentage
associated with each year between 2000 and 2010. Very briefly interpret the generated plot.

Task 1.2.5

Develop a scatter plot for mean population for every country & mean agricultural land
percentage from 2000 until 2010. Very briefly interpret generated plot, particularly look for any
correlation (if present) among the plotted variables. For this que, consider year 2000- 2010 to
know the mean-based population & mean agricultural land percentage.
PART 2 – Geospatial Analysis by using the data present at Social Media

Task 2.1: Preprocessing of data

Using a set of suitable Python libraries retrieve the tweets where the geographical coordinates
(latitude and longitude) are available. You should also filter out the irrelevant characters,
symbols, hashtags, URLs etc. from the tweets to avoid any possible masking of the actual
sentiment associated with the tweets. From this point onward, you should use the processed
tweet data for all the subsequent analyses.
Task 2.2: Polarity analysis

Calculate the polarity values of all the tweets. For a given geographical location, if you have
more than one tweet then find the average polarity value taking into consideration all the tweets
generated from the same location. Using a suitable plot type (such as a geographical map, heat
map etc.), perform a geospatial visualization of the polarities corresponding to all the available
locations. Whilst you are free to choose a plot type, the visualization must be clear and easy to
understand/interpret.
Task 2.3 Subjectivity analysis

Calculate the subjectivity values of all the tweets. For a given geographical location, if you have
more than one tweet then find the average subjectivity value taking into consideration all the
tweets generated from the same location. Using a suitable plot type (such as a geographical map,
heat map etc.), perform a geospatial visualization of the subjectivities corresponding to all the
locations. Whilst you are free to choose a plot type, the visualization must be clear and easy to
understand/interpret.
Task 2.4 Storify/ Interpretation
The presented report talking about the agricultural land starts with the application of a geospatial
visualization-based tool that is present on a real-world data set which represents the world
agriculture land-based percentage for the years 2005 to 2015. It is being seen that the agriculture
land present for the year 2005 till the year 2015 is almost same which is represented by the
pictures showing the scale of agriculture land in the percentage of the land present. The analysis
of all the data set that is being collected is being done in the next step in which it is observed that
for the year 2006 the agricultural land percentage that is being seen for a lesser amount of
population is being interpreted and generated using a plot.

Another analysis that is being done for the plot of the agricultural land for the countries that has a
population greater than a certain amount is also being interpreted as well as generated using a
plot which is represented by the picture graph showing a scale. It is seen that in this countries
like India as well as China are the one that has a higher amount of agricultural land percentage as
they have a big population (Soille, et.al, 2018).

Another task and interpretation are being done for the year 2006 which is done by plotting and
agricultural land percentage for the countries having a presence of a population that is associated
between a certain amount and it is being interpreter as well as generated using a plot. It is being
seen that using the picture analysis and scaling the agricultural land percentage the Blue area
shows the less amount of agricultural land while the red area represents the maximum amount of
agricultural land present.

In the next task, the requirement is to plot a percentage kind of change that is being observed for
the agricultural land percentage that is being seen from the year 2000 to 2010 for all the
countries that have a high population for the year 2006. The percentage change of agricultural
land for the country in the year 2006 is being represented using the image that shows the yellow
colour to be the lower while maroon colour to be the highest percentage change being observed.
It highlights some of the countries that have observed the change in the percentage of
agricultural land.

The next task is making a scatter plot for the population of each of the countries while finding
the main agricultural land percentage from the year 2002-year 2010. It would also generate a plot
for any kind of correlation present for all the plots at variables associated. The scatter plot
present represents several countries like Afghanistan, United Arab Emirates, Australia, Bulgaria
and others. All of these represent the mean agricultural land percentage for all the countries
which could help in describing them more easily (Hare, et. al, 2018).

Another task of media data that leads to an analysis of sentiments while using the social media
data present. The first task that is associated with it is data preprocessing. In this task, there is a
use of some set of python libraries that could help in retrieving all the tweets in which
geographical coordinates are being available full stop this filters all the characters symbols,
hashtags, URLs and others from the present to eat to avoid any possible masking present. This is
represented using an image shown which describes the created date, time, and ID of the tweet. It
also represents the likes source of the tweet ID of the users and their latitude-longitude which
helps in the analysis of traits efficiently (Olsson, et.al, 2018).
PART 3 –Report

Task 3.1: Certain different techniques associated with geospatial analysis

Intro
Geospatial data that is associated as information that could lead to describing the objects, events,
as well as other features that are associated with a location or, could be present near the surface
of the earth. Geospatial data is known as one that could combine information about the location
as well as information of attributes that has temporal information. The location that is being
provided could be static in nature or dynamic.

Functionality
Geospatial data is known as data that is related to objects, events or other phenomena that have a
location associated with the surface of the earth. The location that is present might be static for a
short period or dynamic. Geospatial data could easily combine the information about the
location, and information about the attributes while other temporal information more easily and
effectively (Guo, et.al, 2018).

Geospatial analytics could be effectively used for adding timing as well as location to the
traditional types of data which could lead to building the data visualizations more easily and
effectively. The visualization being used could help in maps, graphs, statistics as well as
cartograms. All of these could be used in an effective way to make predictions in a faster easier
and more accurate way.

Common use in different areas

 The government could use this kind of analysis to take a relevant insight into the health,
disease, weather and other related aspects while leading to use them in an effective way
to advise the public about any kind of natural disaster or any other emergency health-
related events.
 The providers of the electric utilities could easily use the entire data to help in the
prediction of some of the possible services and disruptions which could lead to
optimization of maintenance while leading to the scheduling of crew more easily and
effectively (Guo, et.al, 2018).
  It is seen that this kind of analysis could be used by the insurers to project risks while
leading to warning the policyholders about all the potentials issues which might be faced
by them.
 It is seen that this analysis could also be used by agriculture lenders to improve the
methodology that could lead to access to the risks scores credited while leading to a
reduction of bad loan placements.

Strengths and limitations

Strength

 This is known to be having an ability that could lead to improving the integration of the
organization.
 GIS could be used effectively to view, make questions, and understand while leading to
visualize the interpretations of data in several ways that could reveal relationships,
patterns as well as trends.
 It could also be used to help in answering different questions while solving problems by
looking at data that could be shared effectively (Basiri, et.al, 2019).

Limitation

 This is associated with an expensive software

 It is known to be requiring an enormous amount of data which is required for performing
practical.
 There could be errors associated with this analysis when it is being performed on a larger
scale.
Task-3.2 Importance of geospatial analysis for different area and benefits from geospatial
based analysis
Two (2) application area associated with geospatial analysis
Geospatial analysis could be used in several different areas that could make things easier to
analyze while leading to some of the relevant results in an effective way. The application areas
of the geospatial analysis include:

 Use in local government: It is seen that GIS could effectively be used by the local
government for several purposes that include, including management of public works and
the management of the infrastructure. It could also be used for planning as well as
environmental management in an effective way while could be used for maintaining
records for the property and its appraisals (Wylie, et.al, 2019).
 Use in real state and Marketing: GIS analysis is being used in real estate as well as
marketing being done for it. It is seen that it could be used in an effective way for the
selection of any site while evaluating the entire site effectively.

Current state
Local Government: A geographic information system or the GIS could lead to shaping the state
as well as local government processes, policies, the flow of work and engagement done with the
citizens of it. GIS is known as one that could lead to providing the aspects which could lead to
the improvement of the environment effectively while leading to improving the infrastructure,
economies, planning, engineering and others more easily and effectively.

Real estate and marketing: GIS is a kind of framework that could effectively be used for
gathering as well as analysis of all kinds of data that could lead to the creation of a layered
display of mapping. It is seen that estate agents could use GIS in their online system which could
lead to show the potential buyer all kinds of important information that includes, including risks
related to flooding as well as the quality of land (Kraak and Ormeling, 2020). Use of this kind of
information could be used by investors for anticipation of all the issues that could ruin the entire
investments being made.

Challenges
Certain challenges could be associated with GIs based analysis which includes:
 1. Prohibitive Cost: Businesses running at a smaller scale thing they cannot afford the GIS
software and tend to use the Pdfs as well as other mapping data indeed.
2. Presence of inconsistency of data: The decisions that are being made are known to be
good enough to be able to use them. Tools that are being used in GIS are known to be
inconsistent while known to be using outdated data.
3. Lack of standardization: It is observed that there is no presence of heterogeneity
present between the data sets that could not be adopted more easily and effectively.
4. Silos in GIS data: As the data is present in a larger amount these cannot be easily
compared in a visual way for all the geographical areas present around the world.
5. Limitation of areas: As data of the GIS is known to be siloed so it is limited to the
smaller areas only (Breunig, et.al, 2020).

Solution available
Certain solutions are available and can be used to overcome the present limitations which
include:

 Benchmarking: It is required that budget-friendly tools must be used to be used

effectively.
 Consistency: The solution being used must be used consistently.
 Connected: All the aspects must be connected in an effective way to provide relevant
solutions.
 Iterative: The legacy tool must not be used at any cost, use of GIS must be done to make
relevant improvements.
 Presence of data layers: The presence of tax layers must be there as it would lead to the
measurement of all the layers more easily and effectively.

Future direction
Some of the major trends of the future that could be associated with the growing market include:

 Application as well as advancement for the location-based technologies

 Penetrating the GNS based system for précised applications
 Initiatives in a strategic way by the GIS industry players
References
Basiri, A., Haklay, M., Foody, G. and Mooney, P., 2019. Crowdsourced geospatial data quality:
Challenges and future directions. International Journal of Geographical Information
Science, 33(8), pp.1588-1593.

Breunig, M., Bradley, P.E., Jahn, M., Kuper, P., Mazroob, N., Rösch, N., Al-Doori, M.,
Stefanakis, E. and Jadidi, M., 2020. Geospatial data management research: Progress and future
directions. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(2), p.95.

Guo, T., Feng, K., Cong, G. and Bao, Z., 2018, May. Efficient selection of geospatial data on
maps for interactive and visualized exploration. In Proceedings of the 2018 international
conference on management of data (pp. 567-582).

Hare, T.M., Rossi, A.P., Frigeri, A. and Marmo, C., 2018. Interoperability in planetary research
for geospatial data analysis. Planetary and Space Science, 150, pp.36-42.

Kraak, M.J. and Ormeling, F., 2020. Cartography: visualization of geospatial data. CRC Press.

Olsson, P.O., Axelsson, J., Hooper, M. and Harrie, L., 2018. Automation of building permission
by integration of BIM and geospatial data. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-
Information, 7(8), p.307.

Soille, P., Burger, A., De Marchi, D., Kempeneers, P., Rodriguez, D., Syrris, V. and Vasilev, V.,
2018. A versatile data-intensive computing platform for information retrieval from big geospatial
data. Future Generation Computer Systems, 81, pp.30-40.

Wylie, B.K., Pastick, N.J., Picotte, J.J. and Deering, C.A., 2019. Geospatial data mining for
digital raster mapping. GIScience & Remote Sensing, 56(3), pp.406-429.