Introduction © Glass isan amorphous (non- crystalline) solid which is often transparent and. has widespread practical, technological, and decorative usage in things like window panels, tableware, and optoelectronics. Most familiar, and historically the oldest, types of glass are based on the chemical compound silica (silicon dioxide), the primary constituent of sand. © Glass has been a fascinating material to humankind since it was first made in about 500 be. At first thought to possess magical properties, glass has come a long way. It is one of the most versatile and oldest materials in the building industry. From its humble beginnings as a window pane in luxury houses of pompeii to sophisticated structural members in new age buildings, its role in architecture has evolved over the years.© Architectural glass is glass that is used as a building material. It is most typically used as transparent glazing material in the building envelope, including windows in the external walls. Glass is also used for internal partitions and as an architectural featureFlat glass has been used as an enclosing element for approximately 2,000 years and is thus one of the oldest man—made building materials. Before industrialization, flat glass was produced, eG, By means of manual methods Rtentcnmescnelkel Rey lintelad cacao (e:y BUR erp eo ocean BN rec Mu leg ENUE Merle ECan lates vetelelere RUDE Oy Cets used up until the 1960s. Machine methods had the disadvantage of distortion and Sesto In the early 1950s, the english company pilkington brothers developed an. industrial Roinneebiog jucing high quantities of large glass panes of a consistent high quality and ata SMP Uee ac CORCOC MRAZ OOCM NCEE \ost entirely automated float glass manufacturing process, PAE B ec Memo cers spire BHM ee Meee NE esliccatt coke tee ate RNR ECU eee aCe) increasing criticism. Uncoated flat glass was considered a waste of energy. Tnterpane was one of the first companies to successfully market neutral heat protection coatings. One example is "iplus neutral (since 1982): it is considered to be the first color- The key to success was a special silver coating. This technology is now the basis for the manufacturing of high-quality thermal insulating glass.GLASS PRODUCTION aGlass production involves 2 main methods: -the float glass process which produces sheet glass - Glassblowing which produces bottles and other containers. a GLASS CONTAINER FACTORIES :- vy Modern glass container factories are 3 part operations: - the batch house, the hot end, and the cold end SM WEA nel Oe CULT ICy +The hot end handles the manufacture proper — the furnaces, annealing ovens, and forming machines -The cold end handles the product-inspection and packaging equipment.FCM a) eee are ce ee TSS ee eC ose Oe ted beauty to the building eS a ee ge eR ae Te ony aC aes ‘weathering, The glass is fully weather resistance soit can withstand the effects of the wind, ain, or the sun and can retain its appearance and integrity. Giass does not rust so it does not degrade gradually by chemical and surrounding environment effects. Ithasasmooth glossy surface so itis dust proofand can be easily cleaned. @ Glass allows natural light to enter the house even if doors/windows are closed so thus it saves energy and also lowers the electricity bills, brightens up the room and brings out the beauty of the homeland most importantly it boosts the mood of occupant. Iris an excellent insulator against electricity Itis impossible to conduct an electric current under rere etc ecneaiett © Available in varieties of colours and when we combine the glass sheet in laminated or insulated units, they change Porras cies © Glassis 100% recyclable and it does not degrade during the recycling process, hence it can be recycled again and again SeraesocMoaerenstegstitg © The glass is excellent abrasion resistant so it will resist surface wear caused by flat rubbing and contact with another neat gece eer eem ecg tet coco cr en ester softening, swelling, the detachment of coatings and blistering will not occur, Glass also protects against outside barriers © Glass has the ability to make the structure look more stunning, sophisticated and adds beauty to the building, Itis used to achieve the architectural view for external decoration. MeN Er rots NeenSDM eexny oot er Ree ee Te Reta ge cea puree Te erect Bogen a ag Frere Es terecr Sore E MN icp eet eeu Ne 6 Theglassis very rigid and brittle materials so when it is subjected to stress it breaks without significant (ain). Broken ppieces of Glass may be sharp and chances of injury are vey high. The glass is less impact resistant so the capability of the glass to withstand a suddenly applied load is verypoor. © The glassis affected by external hydrofluoric acid hence sometime etching is appear on glasssurface. © The Glass is affected by alkalis ions, Alkali solution simply dissolves a glass surface and as long as the supply of Breese tReet sae ant Se ee m iS eee eRe te RE Ee ee acl Lt ae Seite enc mere tetomn minmcanisetra eens ncn ets BM eto ge ee fen erent teeta eset The glass is also unsafe for earthquake proven area, Unfortunately, there is no such Glass as an earthquake proof eee g eae eee Eee to a See ee sees emo nd to higher costs in the operation of air-conditioners. © Though many feel that once you provide glass in a building facade, you are fee from painting expenses for ever but this is not fine. You may have to spend equally for cleaning of glass. Sometimes itis as costly as expose painting. ‘Again, you maypaint building once in a5 yeas but for glass you have to clean every year REGS S ee npc ed ee Tou ccuilee ca ep eles asuin Ose R cunt rep sumer iw (Qui tec Sawa Nee eet gentoo Nereis Pee Sets un eatin a eectTypes Float glass © Is Made up of floating molten glass on a bed of molten tin. © This method gives the sheet uniform thickness and | very flat surfaces. Modern windows are made © from float glass.Types Laminated Glass © ® Type of safety glass that holds together BTR erAtC Keel Held in place by interlayer, typically of polyvinyl betrayal, between its two or more layers of glass Interlayer keeps it bonded when broken. Produces spider web pattern when broken.Types Stained Glass COMMU Om cos Moc teem C Roach refers to glass that has been colored DOD Mae CeCebtor-mm estat TIUomn I MmeLt tn etemmdnTc Suat-vonwb celui tcc ® Colored glass is crafted into stained PAE ste COU AMZ erent} ucd of glass are arranged to form patterns or pictures, held together by strips of lead and supported by a rigid frame. ® Painted details and yellow stain are often used to enhance design. i Mas asi) WINGS: Ne! Ay) ae LAS SHY) Ma: wiz =e as eSTypes Tinted Glass © There are many varieties into this type like tinted float glass, including colors of dark blue, French green, dark green, dark grey, bronze and pink.Types = Figured Glass BU ogo ma ona gon ect 2) Colored OU rom or tercoete-bccmo mi Coye- MM ccte rent mistlite, Pin Head, Reeded, Yozura, Konoha, Karatachi etc,Types = Toughened GlassTypes » Insulated Glass Consists Of two or more lites of glass separated by a hermitically sealed space Soy andatcareC VB UUnHCAeloDeRvelel condensation control. Used Specially for windows, curtain walls and SapteTypes = Wired Glass Involves steel wires rolled into sheets of glass. TMF icp i CBN RCel during the manufacturing lip Teruel Coy sreremuats glass to adhere together when cracked. Can Be qualified as safety glass for some applications.Types = Wired Glass Involves steel wires rolled into sheets of glass. TMF icp i CBN RCel during the manufacturing lip Teruel Coy sreremuats glass to adhere together when cracked. Can Be qualified as safety glass for some applications.Types Mirrored glass Q To produce mirrored glass, a metal coating is applied to one sideof the glass, The coating s generally made of silver, aluminum, gold or aes Q Forsimple mirrored glass, a filly reflective metal coating sapplied and then sealed with a es ce} luce "one-way" mirrors, a much thinner metal coating isused, with no alesis eee opaque layer Croce Bene Bo mo oubclg OBE ances oatenecciia functional reasons as well as for aesthetic effect.Types Shatterproof glass © Shatterproof glass is used for windows, skylights, floors etc. Some type of plastic polyvinyl butyral s added in itsmaking process. So, itcannot form sharp edged pieces when it breaks. Insulated glazed unit © Insulated glazed glass units contains a glass 8 separated into two or three layers by air or vacuum. They cannot allow heat through it because of air between the layers and acts as good insulators. These are also called as double glazed units a SUSE OF GLASS IN EXTERIOR & INTERIORUSE OF GLASS FOR WALLFIXING OF GLASS