Appenedive B Il. SENTENCE CONNECTORS An impostant group of terms in the English markers, connective of linking words, whose function is to facilitate the transition from one idea to another. inguage ate the ones called cither connectors, discourse When you ate reading, it is very important ro recognise the logical relationship in which sentences and group of sentences combine through these connective words to present information. Here is a list of the most useful connectors and their Spanish translations: FUNCTION CONNECTOR EXAMPLES ] ; | 1 Cause and hence = de ahi que | Effect thus - asi (que) Two mixed liquids can separate by | ‘therefore - por (lo) tanto fractional distillation provided that | They show the Mise ye ae they boil ar different temperatures. | | connection between the cause of something and its result because of - debido a due to - idem” so (that) - de modo que in order to - para provided (that) - siempre que since, as - puesto que, ya que unlikely, likely ~ (im)probable it follows that - se deduce que Gases have no definite shape ot volume, hence they can be compressed into smaller space. 2.Adding Information Used to show a reinforcement or an addition of what was. in addition to - ademas (de) as well as - tanto (asi) como {as welll - también ‘moreover - mas atin furthermore - mas aun likewise - del mismo modo besides, further - ademas 2,4,6, and so on, are even numbers; 13,5, and so on, are odd numbers. Most earthquakes are too small 0 be noticed. Moreover, there are a said before, rate tai « CASES million of them every year. and so forth - idem 3 Contrasting | Dut - pero, sino | Used when the opposite of what was said before is also true. Also used when some new information is surprising or unexpected. however - sin embargo nevertheless - idem nonetheless- idem instead of - en vez de in spite of - a pesar de despite (that) - idem ‘whereas - mientras que on the other hand - por otro lado although, though - aunque ‘even so, even though - idem unlike - a diferencia de as though - como si irrespective of - sin tomar en cuenta The Incas of South America carried out transfusions around 13(W) BC. whereas this technique was first used in Europe 500 years later In spite of being, 1,000 times | smaller, deadly bacteria can attack | buman cells. 1224Time ‘Sequence ‘They outline the time in which events occur: before, during or after other events beforehand - de antemano already - ya meanwhile - mientras tanto meantime - idem eventually - eventuaimente then - entonces up to now hasta ahora current(ly) - actualmente nowadays - idem throughout - 2 lo largo during - durante as - mientras suddenly - de pronto after(wards) - después (de) so far - hasta aqui/hoy Append: B ‘Throughout his life, Leonardo da Vinci designed dozen of things: a vertical take off aircraft, a cannon and even stink bombs! In 1798 Malthus predicted that at the current tate of population grow:h, food supplies would eventually be insufficient. 5 Listing They indicate a cataloguing and ordering of what its being said. former - el primero (anterior) latter - el ultimo (segundo) first(ly) - primero (mente) second(ly) - segundo (lugar) last(ly) por ultimo above all - sobre todo to sum up - para resumir then, next - luego, siguiente first and foremost - primero y lo mas importante last but not least - por tiltimo pero no menos importante English and French are important languages, but the former is more widely used than the latter. Paper was first made in China in. AD. 105. . 6 Emphasising Used to place a special attention to | relevant elements. in fact - de hecho above all - sobre todo actually - en realidad indeed - por cierto at all - en absoluto even - atin, incluso {as a matter of fact - por cierto at any rate - de ningtin modo by all (any) means- de todas (ninguna) forma(s) N.B. (Nota Bene) tomar nota 50, too, rather - tan, demasiado, algo + adjetivo American football's early days were more dangerous than today. As a matter of fact, in the 1905 season, 18 players were killed and 150 were seriously injured. No one could live in Neprune for a whole year, Actually, it takes the planet 164 Earth years to complete a single orbit around the Sun 7 Giving Examples Used to explain a topic or illustrate an idea for example - por ejemplo for instance - idem e.g. (exempli gratia) idem namely - a saber include(ing) - incluyendo i.e. (id est) - esto es that is (to say) es decir like - como say - digamos \ rigid material does not bend easily e.g. concrete, steel, stone, etc. Not all sports were played as today. For instance, basketball, which was first played in 1891, had to be played for ‘Wo years before someone thought of cutting a hole in the net.