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-Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), the active form of thiamin, is involved in several

enzyme functions associated with the metabolism of carbohydrates, branched-
chain amino acids, and fatty acids.

-Severe thiamin deficiency leads to beriberi, a disease that affects multiple organ
systems, including the central and peripheral nervous systems.

-Wernicke’s encephalopathy refers to an acute neurologic disorder secondary to

thiamin deficiency. The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome results in persistent
alterations in memory formation, along with the encephalopathy-related
symptoms.

-Thiamin deficiency can result from poor dietary intake, inadequate provision in
parenteral nutrition, reduced gastrointestinal absorption, increased metabolic
requirements, or excessive loss of thiamin. Chronic alcohol consumption is the
primary cause of thiamin deficiency in industrialized countries.

-Alteration in glucose metabolism has been associated with decreased plasma

thiamin concentrations in patients with diabetes. Correction of thiamin deficiency
may reduce the risk of vascular complications in these patients.

-Alzheimer’s disease has been associated with altered glucose metabolism and
thiamin deficiency. Although some promising results have been observed in
animal models, it is not known whether supplementation with thiamin or
benfotiamine (a synthetic precursor of thiamin) might slow the cognitive decline
in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

-A recent study found decreased levels of thiamin in the brain of patients with
Huntington’s disease. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate whether vitamin
supplementation might be a potential therapy.
-Diuretic-induced thiamin excretion may increase the risk of thiamin deficiency
and disease severity in subjects with congestive heart failure. Further studies are
needed to assess the inclusion of thiamin supplementation in the management of
this disease.

-Intravenous thiamin has been studied as potential treatment for sepsis, either as
a monotherapy or in combination with other agents like vitamin C and
corticosteroids. Large-scale clinical trials are needed to determine its efficacy.

-Thiamin (also spelled thiamine) is a water-soluble B vitamin, also known as

vitamin B1 or aneurine .

-Isolated and characterized in the 1930s, thiamin was one of the first organic
compounds to be recognized as a vitamin .

-Thiamin occurs in the human body as free thiamin and as various

phosphorylated forms: thiamin monophosphate (TMP), thiamin triphosphate,
adenosine thiamin triphosphate, and thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), which is also
known as thiamin diphosphate.