_geftat at UAT (Introduction to Refrigeration) satan We CT eB fare ore eH ToT a ws Fafa gen ore eH fa Baer Prerrera Bi Fa oem FE EH TTA HH HO TAT TAT fee Tae Hh are aT aA AH eee wai 4, setter UH tad wien 2 rad ea we vend a oN A are ara | ATA B ePTA come TSA SVT TSH TAT SY TATE TTA TAA il1.1.3, weftert wt sirayATAT (Necessity of Refrigeration) weiter ar art aH wea ae craves 8, ha 1, Gre Terelf A Gears TAA & fara 2. UFt at ovat BE fara 3. Sarai FT TSR HA faa 4. 38 FT ITA BT, TH LAPT A ge ea aw uaa Be far 5. wetter & SRT veel A ery a fara 6, TE FH TIT HT fea 7. SA TaN F SoH are Frere ave ac 3 fer) 8. 38-98 Sell g cafes af @ ae} ae eas Gent a awe) ad & fad, one as 3 H sees St orewapar Tech 21 wes 8 gra aett & ate aa rhe Te aH By 9. fren arf & fea 10. daueRe fret A 11. Wear sarees Ai 12. aia aaH A 13. Rex mga aon arava sea oer A 14, ae & few chat } vitae Ai 15. agai ai oq & saan #1 16. Fast IM & fee sateen A 17. SPX Fail FH 18, anya si wx, ante1.4.1. Wictalcda HMMS Gh (Reversed Carnot Cycle) smeiters Prara r aetnery ferare 2 apr apr carafe 9 fave em eres forare oe wea Fare ar Frater gant ag Frans el SERS ares Ae ae aM ga Frere A wettray Bw A we ae ea Fee ae am ger Be ach war fears fea sa ae gare setter aw wT ite da a Baer feralAaNA-GeH aa (T-S diagram) fira 1.4(b) wfradt arte ae Se ae art a alee fara fea st FreTad e— 1, Bere TtSA BEAT (Isentropic compression process) 2. BAA PHS HfsFAT (Isothermal compression process) 3. 8ST FAR AAT (Isentropic expansion process) 4, AAA FAR BHAT (Isothermal expansion process) 1. warar ites wfiRAT (Isentropic compression process) FH WFH H feeara 7 PY ain 7-s ata a are ra ate arama ager & site rrr een V1 ga wen A we ar a ora Sten & He A aT free daira ree wen ar orga 8 oftada @ aaa borer wen sree ae wT Ta sik ore a on art el an wat 21 ae RAT 1-2 a P-V a Ts site # feed 7 21 2. aaaTdt die Uta (Isothermal compression process) —F Mera A ATA at FHA TA TTT zl eas are cra agen Site sarees ore a Bi ga aie Be Re TATA BH fee TA 3 fora se wT Fra rat #1 ae sea 2-3-8 Py she 7s atta H cate eh Oi ge wa AF we a are rarer ae eI frre mE HOM = go = 73 (S)— 53) MMS) —S3) 3. BBV WAR WHAT (Isentropic expansion process) —ZH Wawa H HA Ta a AT aa eran ora @ ak arena St agen aren 81 ea sre A ae aT Sa TTA | ara Te aT VI TAH SPAT SOM FT sania 3 Frias ae tte 21 ae aie 3-4 8 Py aT-s Hite H cafe Ez 4, BAATE TAT WAHFT (Isothermal expansion process) —F8 MA BF SRI ATA at fee TA AAT a wre BA Sere ren & site saree AY Gre Te By ge Mba A Hee aT SrereTtTT Fare eT St Te AAT 4-1 RPv ars ata % cab wg 21 =1(S1-53) W (51-53) fara aren ard (W) = arr ar Pree — Se aT sree 2(S1-S3)-T)(S;—S3) =(%-T)(S\-83) anit SH (0) = 7\(Sy— $3)Preaca qmig - “Rita sen 9 fea ta ard Ww =—1Gi-s IK TT, = Ta sae 3. Ue Uftafie aarife wart , OK 260K We ares ata 813A We at PreaTas PUT AT wafer @, T, = 260K, T) = 310K = 5, 310-260 ed ae FUR 4, Wem arte weit Gee HET cat 270 K Ut agitfert aatAT & ait 300 K UE HHT AT ae ea iy Wetter Pee Ute are a (iy HE aH A UAT a sree 1130 Fenct settee 270 KTR aT RT A feet sare HEAT UBT? wit z, T, = 270K, T = 300K O= 1130 fRet-ge/ fre p q () Fromes pies 22 WO TT - 2 22M y wat 300-270 30 (i) Cop a2 Ww 1130 a ou is = = 1130 _ 15,5 fareh-eu tre 125.5 _ 5 9 Ks/sec Ml 2.09 kW at 60 ETT, 10 K 2260 K 1 ae fe fenettere TveT a aarife efter ren Helter AA ST ATTATT 3 nu erat 2 web et At at FITS SET 2a DERE R 10°C aft ret 35°C Se UT A SIT HT pad K We 4.192 kg K 81 meh Bt TA OAT 335 ware ®t fen @, 7, = 260,72 = 310K w= 1kWh, 4h FT ATTA = 10°Cwh at fate wen = 2.09 kikgK WMT Sh felines om = 4.192 kk K qT 260 _ 260 T.-T, = 352 ah at Ya BoM = 335kihke, COP= —1— = . 2 * T,-T, 310-260 50 fect orf Ft ah 8 ace 8 fared af oT = me ,At+ latent heat + mec pAt = 1X 2,09x(0+10)+335+ 1X 4.192 (25-0) = 20.94+335+10.4 = 460.7 ki/kg Q cop== Pay 5.2: 2 7% 3600 Q= 3600x5.2 Sal Ba TH Hl THUS = a kg ah BH Fa SAT 5.23600 = = 40.633 ky 460. eae = 40.633 kg/kWh2 ars ref (Meaning of Refrigerating Effect) oy fre @ fafvaa era 4 frame ag on at seit ware sees Boe, EAR ee Nate aow wee Eieyre set a from Saat Prue area ore PSC ATA a rere fever see @, eae TIAA ore ateMM see A FrenTe & fere steM—sreMT Sheree rene Sr aren ATE V1 weitere a far eH wah HHA aT ART HT 1 11.5. Tefterst Bt FenTs (Unit of Refrigeration) face sf year 3 Sera AA aT TAT, I, Ta ole Far HT Be TSI a OTE HCAS fers TH ea ge 1 ge aT eT er HH eH fea eH aE Se eto Te ae ae & Fre fe Toon FAN ES OC TATA Te TA en me SHEA eH aw 24 wE Ho TA EH ATE SAA ST aa act Sen B11 ea wette wea aI” 1a (2000 LB) fea 1.3 ah at 7a ST 335 frcitseyfarctars ert 2 000% 335k) 24 Ave H _1000« 335 “24x 60 wpinera afte @ SA FAH 210 ki/min ‘Arta & 1 3.5 kW (3.5 ki/sec) ea guts ah satan ah eee aed Barra wR Bava Bi aT B orate we TATA SIA stoma 8 forme wre at A Bee fran Hen eae wet Te whet A ste Zh 1.1.6. PreTEt Ts (Coefficient of Performance) ca oer hh 3 ee COP ER Hh eh eer Ser ae fh ea eT wel fad aed fren aren & SHH aT BH FreTeT Tos (COP) Fe ti cop= 2 = Seta en eT a fare Ta ard we = areca sen, W = faven ara rl fronea quia at ang garg aed eel @) = 232.6k/minFeV 1. Feed ethers aera Se rer sregit fe SAT 160 ks/kg ‘feat oravitira aah 3 fire 90 Ab Ba a ae aT ge ere at roma OTR AT BIT? WI %, — Q= 160 k/kg W= 80kI/kg 2, weet WHat ¢ fe COP = 5 * “Faeaq ara ard =.1 is eer, wesw ee fi 305 KE 260 TT CTE we HT Fre utes sar eT? wafer @, 7 = 260K, 7 = 305K OE ara tf COP a COP= 5760 45 =5.78 mt 12a, Pree unten a area SPAT (Difference between COP and Efficiency) ovo ‘Promeq quis (COP) aA (Efficiency) 1. | wa ag daa son a aret Freer @, 38 wa ate Sars won ar aT wT Se BLT S Fromes Tote sea e1 ad saat aman aed Zi 2, | paren & at 8 oer ara ed 21 Fa wan & ah A oon a wei rar ZI 3. | aa arene goa 8 fre frat art 21 yaa Sar ar TH Fes A Sea fea TT eI 4, | seta aa 8 ron a) aree Framed & Peat | cea en ar wit ae are foray Se 81 FH ae & gaat ara #1 COP Hea 21 BRO SAA AAT A GaAaT wHEA gi 5. | aah ar Wa Ha a ga A ZI Feat ara wea ars S at BAT I 6.__ | ae erm a ates ait 2 ae ae 1 a a et 2 1.3.1. Seitert at feftrat (Methods of Refrigeration) sates a Frefetian fatal @— 1 Wa a ah 8 ae & oe A 2. FH aH 5a FH Sar 3. arer ard C4 ae fart te 3 wah were & ae 4, Jet ahr a & ei & arm 5, teem mara 8 sc vectra a fareM 3 ara4, afer at SON HI Sve FH 7, ern PITA Bl GHA FH STM ei tetas ot STF fate & are oft eta a art fen aT ear ah juror anh Hames & seer Bort a ah Bas Sahm | ay gen 21 a TH Fran ST ea aE Ue Are Tare sie TK gag 8 orraaa ort ‘wn seh fron & area ahah fy frre om @1 fara som site ae: ea HTT ‘ fester 35 areas aor oar wae Fata eter a eter Bi a fer gr T2120 OE Se a ww 8 eh ea ee er ey UREA i err safer aT are Bi ge ATTA oH SAA fae 1, A TA FS St SATA — Ta SE Fa Tara 3 aa TAH aC Bare 8 afta edison arene wp Prk arte oh pa on ee We eee fed RS oe fed fora aT TA Site SA fave ater wits A we a fire ww ae sre en afer en BI Fa art ae vitae Gt Sa ea feera ar att fare Gar a sTaPtes antes Hey & setts searcoh A feren sre V1 aA Tr ayant at fen sre t Pitfes goal Te HoT sr AA HUG Ser lea Vi Fa Hed & ford sera, TEAL atateags a wim den 21 abare sete ae Sen nfl a eH creates sean V1 ge tae A sates A STE rer Si wetter Bo ar ata er HTH at Faecal FETT VI 3. seater ware & art—sa fara te a ater Hea are WAR feat ser 2 aa ae Aa Sesh Bad & sats ga wibven Berea ae eaten OY aren he ae ara B TATA eT eT HE Ta ae aU AT A Use Sten aw S Se TT Be G1 a fear a ara A Ta Fo weit aT Fey fara 21 ga waite wa A arg a weit Star Ah Tg a war de OH sete wT A fee aT afar are H ara wR & elite oT 4. pr etorert far weitere fats & are viens wwe age eH Mie @ es Gree Sarat er 38 agen sr aren ge faa gre sire BE aha a wee TT vier oH UEaT A rd eT 1 aE haere Saree TESS A el eT aT I ge eT aT eT TA a aH ea Fea TT et 5. feat wera % grr —Afeert we Sane 81 Se Cw etter at fae ar safaeEre fat aT vafert aah fer ara sek Bi ge Pats A cra Bea ets a ard aA BT 6. safer at ream am weiter see —sa Fat A iter a soo SH sree He Tea sei fea -arar Bu sean son a, Hr ee ATCT ATA ta A BI Ta TATA AG Te, eH ura & etaee a ra ager Qi ge ra a eT eH wpe a ATE HTS TT THA aI 1. wert “eras Be area wipro oreC eH eA BY ah THE STE SRT ATT FR eee ee mera se ata tra amr en aE em aR pasta vend at qa oa A ren aren &, Saw Sara | ae GATS WA He Se HHH HTT SAAT AOE ag ret #1 ae aT eiferan ta a xa see A ocala we Sat a6, vetted & ara — (i) Stara eT aT aTATHeTA Gi) Sethe wT at sare (ii) Ui FAT aT aE (iv) Feenfsat a aera we ora (v) Gla Feral sr Hays faa (vi) Fa aM Boral sr avERT (vii) Ga Tarai at aia Th sae ofafiad Sa ya & soa sez(B3-1. oftaa (introduction) “arog cites settee A are a aera ares aT wetteas wT A weir fare aT V1 eH TRL aa ei ar sein wetta wa A aed i arg wethem at aren (COP) FH Bh ¢ Tales tat wet HBT Axim eau fea st rr (COP) ag UT 21 war] ara sre afta ae Bien fares sre ATO Tee Oi Ha a weit BH wT A sen eA Te sre aftada BA A rE TATA safer TET 1 TH aero Promet ais fies wen 2) ga fen & aree wa weft % ST A NH;, R-12, SO, =R-22,CH3 C1R~ 1349 318 war area U1 arora aT Harte eR ser STI BI HTT feara @ seitee ar seit fiver st 21 of 3.2. RGF (Principle) weir fren & ore Hemnfiat & feard a oer tart) safaat & ate fra z— 1. Yea rt Fra 2.8m Seariferet at Fre 3. facia Sorrafeat ar faa Beis sear Fan 3 rare 8 rts Reco wa fear, sas fn TSrT SI Claussis % sigan aig ft ayia ga se at A aah oH ad St a ATTA a sifire aTTA F AEC Be FAH HR A ars BCA Tear @ rea awe a an ATTA BH safe TTA A ace a TT a Fa WER are seis foeen senfeea & faa ari wea 21 3.3, ater AUST WeitrT Tt (Vapour compression refrigeration system) are atten arte weir wa Aan am aa th Ae a 1, AitSs (Compresser) 2. afta (Condenser)3, TAC Aft (Expansion valve) 4, arfeTa (Evaporation) = sree Bf ‘ — kamm CHD anos] a i aa aa ta va =D) ¢ i = SS cH? Ae € 5 = fil! ms in fra 3.1- fera sui areas aren eter aa wT T-s STE Bae ae 6-7 Sree weit Fras Tea BS aTet Sree HET Ie GA eile SAT YE ea Ui fag 9 TT seine daft ® wae eT V1 virror 8-9-10-11_farg 9 Bafta H wae HAH are settas 8 Her a Frere Sa V1 fers 10-11 Sataoies A arse qa a wa Hal fore re VI fans 11 STAR Het TAK ores A aT HT a Wi 1-1—za sine set FER SA BI awe B ae aeeT V1 HATA TPA H aA ATA FT 4m am @ ran 29B 4.1. aftaz (introduction) “arey aictwa nates wore Fre’ areata 8 fered ve 1 get woe are sees I te & am, ete Fare ren 21 ate ach Be aren wea hs aon BY acer at 1 ee NERC SA Ue ATA AT te, Bra Sees ah cera Ga aH SRR TT wea a ga aA eRe BT TATE fag coe Bitte ater 8 ren ar reer fare rar E1 ge wea BH re he a ells Tee A ace HL A greene ter AA RL BAT ore ere ae Seat ar ehh ae a VI Ie A, AT HTH a @, aa ot rin ae TH ZI carey aretreo eite aa a safereare ararct STS 3 a 1824 8 ee we es SET Fa on ea feet 7 1860 8 a & Sah hess FA aa St AT AT Fae Hash rer Shise Hwa He sais, TH, HRAT STs HH HCA HI TCS TTT Tem Ses & are eH afer B ora elias ST vai BMT SO Sr Sra HE AE TTS srter 8 a9 83 8 eee & gro Sen SG ord i ga SoM | sees aw ra aga e BH Hei FT EH A facrr wed 21 ortet H are dabia & ara wen gH arex Freeret een re Si kara ei HT HAR aes mem & afd HAs fea ara 21 B42. wero ary srazitey (Simple Absorption System) HIRT ay saRTI Ts SH are SHA AS HOI WH sai, Wy Se SRT aT TT fren or gah sere AT ae aT ay tsa oa ae tar ET gaa dah, waR alas aie anfera am tt ZIany ott mf Cam tL a a apa mtr amy | i | ara an Fa, iz Orn = waa Sarai rata apy RTT aft ar Ret er as fers 4.1 START ane sree TA Faye & 734 ea aa Taw afin @ onithrn a Prem FAS ae sash ret a Wel ata & frees are site Waa sett ar fares aA sie 21 ga arava 3 are arheen st eH Ta TH BRT RAT See A fen Se |) ate sree AT aT a for & ara aT ae STAT el aaa Seat @ saa fer tem @, fraah aoe A ara ager eh orth a aes B aes Ser 21a Tata Hover aa & are gata sre Y cores A aos ae fee eT 1 Sta acta A cra ser SI: same 8 yaro are 21 cine gata archer a afer A So ae Hen a stag aa V1 arta A a a Wee 3aR afaa % are Frafaa fan sre 81 afer @ Sen ar rae BAH are ga wha Bl Ya: SETA THE18 4.6. ang sraghom wetted aa cen are isa wef aa St ger (Comparison of Vapour Absorption and Compression System) Arey sraginaon aa wen are elie aaa Be aE ware oT a haa a ‘aren sragitenr wettest a are attest at cary ace ea A we Be fare wen at | aren eto or a a fea ga oh a saved ved 2 srererm @1 ae FEM Teme ae nem Tem 2 | 3a 35 A he a arter 8 AA & fed Stet gam ax aise a afre faga sf a wy ea z1 aan Tat @ya aa A tet 8 eae a ATTA 330 8 7 4 ae $8 FF 420 8 430K a ATT al Ga 21 5, |v a ae wa frafad eel fel | ea a A ae fafa ea A Stee wT Seer am fe Bren i ge era Frey Ve aera ve Tt zh 6. | Saar Frome Woes aA eh 21 wen Frenea pias arfire drat 21 7, | aaa are oetere 8 arg am fra a ra ase ata eal 21 ROT BE GA ae Stet 1 a 8. | Bae we ary cra we Frome aes flere ara | ga aa i iter aa fared om aT 2 fea aI Ta ZI 9. ae sate wa A ae oe an on 21 | ga aaa ae aed ory afer ore ZI ee ee wa aa 8 ches a iret wa tect @1 1 FATT re BF SR SIA Sa AT | Te eH rT & feral a ea FT ZIBsa. Ufa (Introduction) — ue star sates aeeaqel morn @ Sh seat ore feat HON FH TAT FLA Bi Say S cee een 8 ged ener) TT TS FTTH TE EE TB afte weft 3TH (Refrigerant effect) SAA ATA 8 Ta ay Ce ge eae son a as Sef ara: Sefer % re vid Fs A Gen oni firs Sra fhe 2 Bra wees Boa Soe eH ewe Ha oT HCH FB of Te om (latent heat or vaporisation) #1 3801 fea SET 3 fred ae wor Rt frail seit wa 8 oof a a, =a a rae Cs FEA faved A ett Ta Se BUI FE aH HATH (primary refrigerants) wei 4 S8—anifra, wert eesiteaes, area ergeiisares, SH GAA-12, SeISTT-22 cafe facie site, 3 gatas a SA wet aa A nfera ae aaa S Tey afta A wor ea HT PAA ATTA we ors g she fee rah Fer aR war Ware ST BUA BI Tera AB feria weltaeeT BRT aa Se BI a dia 81-3 Ser VA (chilled water), TAT Tt Ae (brine solution), EIA (hydrocarbons), Teas (glycol) one factrs weiiaat a ard ara @1 5.2. weftcal or aifaexnr (Classification of Refrigerants) weirs ar fave Fra wa a ae B— 1, ere fegra & STAR WE (Based on working principle) (SA) wrafirs yeitrs (Primary refrigerants) aN, TER SASS, WISTA-12 sre (@) fartae yeitta (Secondary refrigerants) —faes ot, aga te, taster, safe 2, Gra H HTN UT (Based on safety) (& fate cen saersgitet (Toxic and flammable) a waite fata aan sacraviia war eta F— 1, Seren sensei, 2. frenga wiz, 3. SARA FANS, 4. TR SesaSS, 5. aia, sal (@) Tae sifeter GAT (Safest refrigerants) 2 svites fata aa aa 2 oer sacra of aa aa BAR, RD, R-13, R-14, R21, R13 R-114, R-134a, fers aeites, ard sates, ori, ante ve ; ga aah afer a Fea A Ve weet a carats a agetters 7% Taree at “RA Sarai ar rom ~ R12 react erecta Chr, R13 Firtraetne greeny har a R14 area Series Cr, R21 aa area the CHC RHI3 ere grereta Br eee Rd RRA AT CCl Fs R-134 (@) Jerid CF; CH2F ee BGR FICTTTET (Very flammable) —4 was, ome oes, 2, st, ahs, fe 3. arate PaET ATA AT (Based on chemical composition) —2 etter Fra HF az az (at) Setter HETTS-EA (Halo carbon compounds) megan ws a aftr TeaMaHl Bt Beh ar Ht guia wets) Bt eT Brea FA STS eben woh deh areal hats Be TRY A fois fret et 8 aad Rit ae (Hydrochlorofluarccarbon OR HCFCs)" @F (CHCIF, ) TH R-123 -erdaettay greeted HAA (CF CHC! ) aa @1 (in weit weir TEAR (Chlorofluarocarbons OR CFCs) 384 R-11, R-12 FA R14 ara @1 (OD west wet are (Hydrofluorocarbons OR HFCs)—37# R-134a (HFC-134a) 94 R-125 (HFC-125) a1 @1 (a) arate aarelren after (Cyclic organic compounds)—34 ahr ar ga SoH A ye fap ATT 2 gait daar Fe BEACH ar ante! fs aed deer ea rea A, SE eae area ee A TE eT HT aha a aera Sa IH Se (AT, R22 AAT SFT A. Ufaiteta (Azeatrops)—2 21218 HAF | ae a we fi R500 TH Misa fart R12 (73.8%) TA R-152 (26 2%) ¥ Fem R-502 tA er efsattgta 1 ya F700 THUTSA aa & sh saat Sit i s refrigerants) — 84 Wa te eee re Moa on 1a, UA, HA SRSTFATES, HEHE STRAT af Sh a 1 a 6, Satara ae AGATA MTS ST ahtfirary (Oxygen and nitrogen compounds) TATA grat 600 Afra 8 eens fever eT & : 1 amet srr companies compounds) FER PEARTT SALN aa 8) warentPras (Cryogenics)—9 113 K 40K aA ai we al I ) 2 aif ow StC)AN-HAATT (Non-cryogenics)—3 were weft Saraswat S safes ATI & fey Sa A TTA she Ge 700 Aah ees rer : = 8. 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Sif IPT (Physical properties) we aifeftas @ ar HH are wees ar wa fave sal B— 1, Beat 2, SRA ATT aay firg di oetee Hae & faa oh ora gat ded aga @ aT ata @ 5.3.1 SATA TT (Thermodynamic properties) (an safes aTagHT Ua ET (Critical temperature and pressure) AIPA TTA ST AP cafere F afie daha aaa a a der afer fred afr amartta sen Seal ar Tee fea aT A SMT ofr ora afr stare ert ott afer ee a art it sre ert safes (& Arata at TA SAT (Latent heat of vaporisation)—AeHaC FH TIT HOT FAM HA ATTTH H afte & afin er aed fara sree anita eter war a oer Prenes yi ard et AH (& fafire HEM (Specific heat)—a weit a fale Sen a AM xa sae A aH a wy eT cafee den ary ataeen 4 weiter at fafire Sen ar AM afe 8 afte ear ales (& atfers sen ders eat (Evaparation and condenser pressure) aera aan Sara Ta A SPH ea ere oF alee, said ga St cei a om aged ca @ afte eer aed ale attra ca at a arpica & am ta @ daa 4 arpica 8 ea cite a ward @, aig ge fen at maT Y aah on sat a (@) BSN ArereaA (Thermal conductivity)——-HoN aera wt AM afees a alls ar cite fwd ‘sara den aafera rags Bz 8 Ser a asl sehen UH sre HoT area a Meta S aM R-i> Be R-22 af Ger S afee Se area Ta 21 (H Sitar ATMA (Compresssion ratio) FHA AM HA A Ha ST ale sraen flrers am feist 3 ara wefiae citer ae Aer @1 Stes st area cer safle a etter sega sa a aTfea (&) wet eat voltae ar BATT (Volume per tonne of refrigeration) —Bfa ZA vette erat 3h faa elles a1 arr HG ama err alee forera wle-we are ar eter et Fray wy TH eet STI seftes ar era fara Sen Zten aaa ae ee ne arse te as sree a ar ae, =e a wr ate Frere aH aI inane Pa is fs 53. 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