Learn Hot English No 241 - 2022

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No.241
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16 USEFUL
IDIOMS
FOR WORK & BUSINESS!
PHRASAL VERBS:
TO CLIMB THE TO FALL!
CORPORATE
LADDER
HAIR
VOCABULARY!
THE MULLET
ISSN 15777898
00241
PLUS… phrasal verbs, grammar, idioms, vocabulary,
9 771577 789001 useful expressions… and much, much more.
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EDITOR’S INTRO
How you learn English with Hot English magazine
Magazine Index
Pre-Intermediate (CEF level: A2)
Why are you learning English? To get a better job, to pass an official English exam,
to travel, or just to communicate in English? Hot English magazine helps with all this. 3 Editorial
1 Increase your vocabulary. In every issue of Hot English 5 Travel English. Want to travel to English-speaking
you’ll learn over 350 English words and expressions! Plus countries? With Hot English you’ll learn the words and 4 Dr Fingers’ Error Correction Clinic
you’ll learn lots of idioms, phrasal verbs, grammar and more. expressions you need for international travel!
2 Improve your listening. Every magazine has 60 6 Fingers’ Pronunciation
6 Social English. How do native English
minutes of spoken English audio. You’ll learn to understand speakers really talk? Learn with our natural English
English, plus you can hear lots of different accents! conversations. Also, learn English slang. Plus, in Hot 8 In The City
English you’ll read about current events (news, culture,
3 Exam English. Hot English helps prepare you for
official English exams (First Certificate, IELTS, TOEFL, music, films) so you can make conversation with native Intermediate (CEF level: B1)
etc.). How? Exams test your ability to speak and your range English speakers.
of vocabulary. Hot English improves your communication 10 Three great holiday destinations!
skills and your knowledge of words and expressions. 7 Want to learn even more? Get an English
Unlocked book. You’ll learn extra vocabulary, grammar,
4 Business English. Practical English for the office, for social English and business English. The English 12 Story Time
meetings, for talking to clients – it’s all in Hot English. Unlocked books are linked to the topics in Hot English
Plus, read business tips from entrepreneurs. magazine. Visit our website for more details. 14 The Mullet
Hi, and welcome to 16 Crank Calls
another issue of Learn
Hot English – the fun 19 Business Dialogues - The Builders
magazine for learning 20 16 Useful Idioms For Work &

English. In this month’s
issue, we’re looking at 16 Business!
14
useful idioms for work & 22 Idioms Exercises
business! Native English
Upper Intermediate (CEF level: B2)
speakers use idioms all the time, but do you
know what these ones mean? Learning them 24 Crossword
will really improve your English level, and
26 Fingers’ Grammar Clinic
impress your teacher. Of course, that’s not all,
we’re also looking at a travel destination in 27 Business Dialogues -
Italy, a hairstyle known as the mullet, famous
The Office Share
American drinks, a historical figure (Caligula),
phrasal verbs, idioms, slang, vocabulary,
UK-US word differences, a business topic,
and lots, lots more. Well, we hope you enjoy
reading and listening to this issue of Learn Hot
20 28 Animal Matching
29 Animal Triva
30 Idioms – Dogs
English. Have fun, learn lots of English and see
32 Vocabulary - Hairdressing
you all next month!
33 Typical Dialogues - The Hairdresser
35 Wordsearch & Matching
PS Remember to sign up for our newsletter

so you can receive lots of FREE language
lessons, and find out what we’re doing. Just
visit our website (www.learnhotenglish.com) and
32 36 Living Abroad - Padua, Italy
38 Living Abroad - Charlie in Italy
Advanced (CEF level: C1)

enter your name and e-mail address in the box
40 Caligula
on the right-hand side of the page. Don’t forget
to check out the blog on our website: www. 42 Weird World Cartoon
learnhotenglish.com/blog for free lessons and
44 American Drinks
44
articles on how to learn English. Or “like” us
on Facebook or Twitter (@LearnHotEnglish)so 46 US Bar Chat
you can keep up with our latest news.
47 Dictionary Of Slang
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47 Phrasal Verbs - Fall
All material in this publication is strictly copyright, and all rights are reserved. Reproduction without permission is prohibited. The views expressed
in Hot English Magazine do not necessarily represent the views of Hot English Publishing SL, although we do think that a mullet is a cool haircut,
and Caligula’s horse was an intelligent chap. 50 Answers
For great private language classes, e-mail classes@learnhotenglish.com / www.learnhotenglish.com / 3

AUDIO
In this section Dr Fingers identifies and corrects typical errors…

and ensures that they are NEVER, EVER repeated.
DR FINGERS’
DR FINGERS’
ERROR CORRECTION CLINIC
ERROR CORRECTION CLINIC

Hello, everybody, and welcome to my “Error Correction” clinic.
You know, just the other day I heard and recorded the following
conversation in one of my classes. There are some errors. See if
you can find them. Today ’s class:
Dr Fingers:
Good morning, class. Oh, no. Who has glued my book to the desk? Confusing words
Come on, I want to know who did it. I am very angry. Books
are for reading, not for, erm, gluing. You can all stay behind for
detention after school tonight, unless the person who did this
owns up. OK, class, now we’re going to do a little exercise.
Class: Oh, no! 7. “Raise” - this verb needs an object (it is transitive):
Dr Fingers: Yes, now settle down. Right, Laura, come to front “we raised the prices”.
of the class. 8. “Rise” - this verb has no object (it is intransitive):
Now, here are some words. I want you to make some “the sun rises in the east”.
sentences with them.
Laura: OK, that’s easy: Solutions
Later, I disciplined my student privately for a few hours, and now
1. “Asleep” - I am feeling asleep. I think she understands the words. Let’s listen to her again:
2. “Sleepy” - He has sleepy. 1. “Asleep” - She is asleep.
3. “Borrow” - I borrow you my bicycle. 2. “Sleepy” - He is sleepy.
4. “Lend” - I lent the pencil from her. 3. “Borrow” - She borrowed the bicycle from me.
5. “Interested” - That film is very interested. 4. “Lend” - I lent her the pencil.
6. “Interesting” - She is interesting in modern architecture. 5. “Interested” - She is interested in modern architecture.
7. “Raise” - The sun raised at 6 am. 6. “Interesting” - The film is very interesting.
8. “Rise” - They rise the box to the top floor. 7. “Raise” - They raised the box.
8. “Rise” - The sun rose at six in the morning.
Dr Fingers: OK, Laura. Very good, now go and sit down while
we have a look at what you have been saying … OK, that’s all for today. Bye for now, and may you have an
(fades out) error-free month.
Problems
Did you hear the mistakes? Poor Laura got all her sentences wrong.
Let’s see:
1. “Asleep” is an adjective that we use to describe someone who
is sleeping. So we could say, “he is asleep.”
2. “Sleepy” - this is an adjective we use to describe someone
who feels tired. So, the correct answer would be “I’m feeling
sleepy”, or, “I’m sleepy”.
3. “Borrow” - you “borrow” something from someone. For
example, “I borrowed the pen from John”.
4. “Lend” - you “lend” something to someone. For example,
“I lent my car to Jane”.
5. “Interested” - this word describes your feelings about
something. For example, “I’m interested in finding out the
answer”, or, “I’m interested in hearing your opinion”.
6. “Interesting” - and this word is used to describe the
characteristics of something, and to say what it is like. For
example, “the book is very interesting”, or, “the film was very
interesting”.
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AUDIO
DR FINGERS’PRONUNCIATION
Hello, everybody, and welcome to my pronunciation course! (The answers to the exercise are on page 51)
DR FINGERS’ PRONUNCIATION
Irregular Participles Listen & Repeat Exercise

This is another part of our series on Now let’s get on with some pronouncing. Now let’s do an exercise. Listen to the
irregular participles and their pronunciation. This month we are looking at some following sentences and repeat them with
Just to start, I would like to perform participles that are different to the me. Then, listen again and try to write the
another rap to help you with the infinitive, and another category of sentence normally and in connected speech.
pronunciation of these words. Once again, participles that stay the same as the We’ve done the first one for you. Good luck!
I asked my good friend DJ Stokes to lay infinitive. Listen and repeat these verbs and (answers on page 50)
down another drum ‘n’ bass line. I hope their irregular pasts and participles: 1. It cost a lot = it cos ta lot.
you enjoy my little rap, especially as the 2. ____________________________
language focus of my rap is based on the Infinitive Past Past Participle 3. ____________________________
pronunciation of these words. Begin Began Begun 4. ____________________________
Come Came Come 5. ____________________________
Drink Drank Drunk 6. ____________________________
Dr Fingers’ Rap - Sing Sang Sung 7. ____________________________
“I Hate Change” Cost Cost Cost 8. ____________________________
Cut Cut Cut 9. ____________________________
There was a time, when all was fine, Hit Hit Hit 10. ____________________________
But now it makes me want to cry, Hurt Hurt Hurt
I often dream of good old days, Let Let Let OK, that’s all for today. Bye for now, and
When traditions ruled and skies were Put Put Put happy talking!
grey. Shut Shut Shut
Spread Spread Spread
I used to smoke in my favourite bar,
And drive across the town by car, Connected Speech
But now they’ve begun to ban the smoke, Now, let’s look at these participles in
And the roads have become a terrible connected speech. As you can see, many
joke. of these participles end with consonants.
Now, when the following word starts with
I didn’t use to pay too much, a vowel, these consonant sounds connect
And one hour’s work could fix my clutch, with the following vowel to form a new G LO S S A RY
But now they’ve cut my lunchtime sound. For example:
to drive across the town exp
subsidy, “I’ve begun a new course”, which is like to drive from one side of the town to the other
And shut down the village factory. this if you say it in connected speech, “I’ve to ban vb
to prohibit
begu na new course”. to fix vb
to repair; to make something work again
I used to run around the park, Listen to some more examples: a clutch n
And visit the zoo to see the shark, 1. She hurt a dog = she hur ta dog. an object in a car. When you put your foot on the
clutch and press it, you can change gear
But they’ve turned the park into a sty, 2. They put it down = they pu tit down. a lunchtime subsidy n
money you receive to help you pay for your lunch
And let the poor old shark die. to shut down phr vb
to close permanently
to run around a park exp
All these things make me so sad, to go from one point in a park to another point,
running along the edge of the park
And now I feel so awfully bad, a shark n
So I need to sit and think, a large fish with big teeth. They sometimes eat humans
a sty n
And to have a lovely drink. a place where a pig lives. Also, a word to describe a
dirty, horrible room
awfully adj
By Dr Fingers terribly
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AUDIO
IN THE CITY!
Listening: in the city
IN THE CITY!
a hotel the underground a skyscraper a restaurant a museum a pub
a traffic jam traffic lights a sign an alley a building a theatre
1 Listening
You’re going to listen to two people talking in the street.
Listen once. Which places from the Vocabulary section on this
page are mentioned?
2 Listening
Listen again. Then, choose the correct answers.
1. What time are they meeting for lunch?
a) at 1pm b) at about 2pm
2. Where are they meeting?
a) an Indian restaurant b) an Italian restaurant
3. Where is it? It’s in…
a) Green Street b) Maple Street
4. Where is the Natural History Museum? It’s in…
a) Bentley Street b) Maple Street 3 Speaking activity
5. Where is the Science Museum? It’s next to… Use the phrases below to ask and answer questions about a city.
a) the Geological Museum b) the Natural History
Museum What you say
6. Where has Paul left his phone and the sheet of Where can I find a bus timetable, please?
paper? Can you recommend any good hotels?
a) in Megan’s house b) in a café How do I get to the city centre?
Is there public parking near the museum?
Discussion Ask and answer the questions. Have you got a map of the subway?
What restaurants are there in your city? Where’s the best place to go shopping for clothes?
Which ones do you like? What are the main tourist attractions?
Why do you like them? What you hear
Is there a theatre near where you live or in your city?
How often do you go there? There’s a new art exhibition this Sunday.
There’s a street festival all next week.
What plays have you seen there?
There’s a new Thai restaurant that’s just opened.
What do you like or dislike about going to the theatre?
The best way to get to the centre from here is to take
What is there to do in your town or city?
bus 64.
What places can you visit? Most of the museums are in the centre of the town.
What do you like to do? Why?
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AUDIO
THREE GREAT HOLIDAY DESTINATIONS!

THREE GREAT HOLIDAY DESTINATIONS!
1 Pre-listening B
Look at the list of ideas for holiday destinations (a-d). Which one Notice how the word sounds join together:
would you choose? Why? There’s ̮a There a̮ re
Listen and repeat:

a) There’s ̮a There’s a̮
b) There ̮are There a̮ re
C
Now listen and repeat these sentences.
a) There’s a hotel around the corner.
b) There’s a chair in here.
c) There are three restaurants in this town.
d) There are some boxes in here.
a Spa hotel b Beach resort
D
Now listen and write the sentences you hear.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Discussion Ask and answer the questions.

Have you ever stayed at a spa hotel? What was it like?
What did you do there? How did you feel afterwards?
c Cruise ship d Chalet in the mountains Would you go back? Why? Why not?
Which beaches have you been to?
What do you like or dislike about the beach?
2 Listening I What do you do when you’re at the beach?
You’re going to listen to three people talking about their holidays. Have you ever been on a cruise? Where did you go?
Listen once. Which holiday destination from the Pre-listening task What did you see? What did you do on the ship?
isn’t mentioned? Would you like to go on a cruise? Where would you go?
Why?
3 Listening II Have you ever stayed at a ski resort? Where was it?
Listen again. Then, write the name of a place from the Pre-listening What did you like or dislike about it?
activity next to each statement.
1. You can go for walks in a forest.
2. There’s a restaurant next to a theatre.
3. There’s a village about one kilometre away.
4. There are comedy shows in the theatre.
Weak sounds: a, are

A
When we speak naturally, many grammar words (articles, prepositions,
auxiliary verbs, etc.) are pronounced as weak sounds. Listen to the
pronunciation of the weak forms a and are. Both words have the same
sound /ə/:
a) a /ə/ There’s a bird in the sky.
b) are /ə/ There are four bags on the floor.
This weak, unstressed sound is called the schwa sound. It’s represented
by this symbol /ə/.
Listen and repeat these sentences with weak sounds.

a) There’s a banana on the table.
b) There’s a chair in the living room.
c) There are three of them.
d) There’s are two more in the fridge.
Listen & learn!
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AUDIO
Jokes, stories and anecdotes as told by native English speakers
t or y t i m e
STORY TIME
S
In this section you can hear two native English speakers, Jim and Sam, telling each other jokes.
This authentic conversation will really help with your listening skills. Listen to the conversation and answer
these questions:
Two Jokes: The Horse & The Ring

1. What’s the punch-line (the funny part) of the first joke
(the horse).
2. What’s the punch-line of the second joke?
Jim: So, have you heard any good jokes recently?

Sam: Yeah, I heard this great joke about a horse.
Jim: A horse? Oh, right, go on then.
Sam: Yeah, so, this guy walks into a bar and sees a horse behind
the bar serving drinks.
Jim: Behind the bar?
Sam: Yeah, and so the guy is staring at this horse and the horse
says to the guy. What’s the matter? Haven’t you ever seen a
horse serving drinks before?
Jim: Quite rightly.
Sam: And the guy goes, “No it’s not that,” he says, “I just never
thought that the bear would sell the place”.
Jim: The bear, ah, very bad.
Sam: What about you? Have you heard any good jokes lately?
Jim: Yeah, I’ve got one - just as bad. Er, there’s two girls talking,
and one of them has just split up with her husband /
boyfriend.
Sam: That’s terrible.
Jim: And the other one goes, “Oh, I hear you just broke off the
engagement. Erm, why?” And the other one, the other girl GLOSSARY
goes, “Oh it’s just my feelings towards her, towards him aren’t this guy exp quite rightly exp
the same any more”. notice how we use “this” to refer to people exactly; yes, of course
or things when we are telling jokes or goes exp
Sam: Oh really? stories. “Guy” is an informal word to refer “says”
to a man a bear n
Jim: And the other one says, “Well, are you giving all of these walks exp see the photo
things back? You giving the ring back?” notice how we tell the story in the present to split up phr vb
simple tense to terminate a relationship with someone
Sam: Well, of course, right? to stare vb to break off an engagement exp
to look at someone continuously an “engagement” is a formal promise to
Jim: And she goes, “No way, my feelings towards the ring haven’t what’s the matter? exp marry someone. If you “break it off”, you
changed a bit”. “what is the problem?” decide not to marry that person
Sam: Yeah, that’s just as bad as mine. Yeah.
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AUDIO
A look at some cool places from around the world
Amazing World
THE MULLET
THE
MULLET
A really strange haircut for really strange people
What kind of hair do you have? Long hair? Short hair? Medium- The Female Mullet (“Fe-mullet”) - this is the ladies’ version
length hair? Of course, there is a time in everyone’s life when they of the mullet. (see photo of Martina Navritalova)
do something drastic like shaving their head perhaps, getting a The Dreadlocked Mullet - mullets are ethnically diverse too,
Mohawk, or even dyeing it bright pink or blonde. It’s perfectly you know.
normal, and everyone likes to experiment.
During the late 1970s and early 1980s there was a very So Cool
revolutionary hairstyle known as the mullet. Basically, someone At some point in the 80s, mullets were cool. All the popular kids
with a mullet has short hair at the front and sides and on top, and in school had them. Young people liked them because they were
long hair at the back. These days the mullet is still popular. Why? rebellious and different. Mullets were also popular because they
And who has mullets? required very little maintenance to preserve them, and they
could be left for long periods of time with no washing.
Butt-Rockers Another benefit was that the mullet provided good insulation for
Mullets first appeared in the late 1970s. They were popular with the neck. Perhaps the best reason to get a mullet was the fact that
football players and rock stars. Later, the mullet became popular the hairstyle offered the user a double personality: from the front
as thousands of young men and women said this famous the user appears to be very serious; but seen from the
phrase to barbers and hairdressers around the world: back, you are a party-animal. As the saying goes, “It’s
“Cut the top and sides, but don’t touch the back!” all business in the front, and party at the back!”.
There are many different categories of mullet. Here Eventually, mullets went out of mainstream fashion;
are a few but they haven’t disappeared. And these days they
of them: are so hated that there are many anti-mullet clubs,
Classic Mullets - the original style. websites and organisations.
Junior Mullets - these are mini-mullets.
Cadet Mullet - these are mullets with slightly I Hate The Mullet
more hair at the back. Johan Strauss of the “Frankfurt Anti-Mullet Brigade”
Senior mullet - these are the complete detests mullets. “Wearing a mullet makes you look
versions. like a complete and total jerk,” Strauss explained.
Sport Mullets - these are the mullets “Why can’t these people just have a normal
favoured by football players. haircut?” he asked.
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THE MULLET
INFORMATION BOX
So why is there so much negative feeling towards mullets?
Psychologists have studied the mullet phenomenon and they have Alternative Names
come to the conclusion that mullets confuse people. “People find Mullets are also known as the following:
it disorientating to see a haircut like this,” said Klaus Klinkel, a
renowned German psychiatrist, “and they can’t understand how The “STLB” (short on the top, long at the back)
someone could want to appear so ridiculous. Also, long hair is “Hockey Hair” (because many ice-hockey players had
traditionally viewed with suspicion and is perceived as a threat,” mullets)
Klinkel added. “The Kentucky Waterfall” (because mullets are popular in
Now have a look at our Mullet Guide and see how to make your the southern states of the US)
very own mullet. Next month we’ll be looking at some celebrity “The Canadian Passport” (because during the 1980s almost
mullets, and ways of dealing with people with mullets. every Canadian male had one)
“Yep-Nope” (because it’s a “yes” - “no” haircut: “yes”, cut
Cut Your Own Mullet the front, “no”, don’t cut the back)
Would you like to be the owner of a little mullet? Just follow our “Ugly Hair” (because mullets are just plain ugly) and,
simple guide and create your own mullet. “10/90” (10 cm at the front, 90cm at the back).
1. Find some scissors.
2. Cut the top of your hair very short. The Mullet (The Fish Version)
3. Cut the sides even shorter. So where does the word “mullet” come from? There’s a fish
4. Don’t touch the back. called a mullet. It’s a grey fish with blue bits on its back,
5. Admire your mullet. and silvery sides. It’s found near the coast and it doesn’t
have a silly haircut.
The word could also have come from the French word
mulet, which means “dim” (stupid).
GLOSSARY
to shave vb a saying n
to cut hair from your body something that people often say
a Mohawk n mainstream fashion n
a hairstyle with very short hair at the the clothes and styles that most people
sides and vertical hair on the top are wearing
to dye vb to detest vb
to change the colour of your hair by to hate
using chemicals a jerk n
to require very little maintenance exp an idiot
to be very easy to look after, because you renowned adj
don’t have to do very much well-known and respected in his or her
to provide good insulation exp profession
to keep you warm in the winter and cool to perceive vb
in the summer to notice, to see
a party animal n a threat n
a person who really enjoys parties and a danger
goes to many of them
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AUDIO
Telephone conversations to help improve your listening skills.
Crank Calls
Here are some more crank calls - those funny telephone calls that are designed to wind people up.
CRANK CALLS
Have fun listening to these two. (answers on page 50)
Crank Call I - The Party Crank Call II - The Gym

For this call we phoned a health centre to ask some very important For this call we phoned up a gym to complain. Listen to the
questions. Listen to the conversation and answer this question: conversation and answer this question:
What information does the man want? What complaints does the man have about the gym?
Victim Charleston Health Clinic here, how can I help you? Victim: Body Karma Fitness Centre, how can I help you?
Hot: Oh, hi, I was wondering whether you would be able to Hot: Hi, I’m just phoning up to make a complaint.
help me. Victim: Oh, what seems to be the problem?
Victim: Do you have you policy number to hand? Hot: I’m a member and I don’t like the music you play there.
Hot: I am not currently a member. Victim: Oh, well, you need to speak to the manager.
Victim: This is a private clinic, sir. Hot: No! I won’t. And the gym instructors are rude.
Hot: Look, I’m throwing a party tonight… you could come if Victim: Who? Who was rude?
you want. Hot: One of them looked at me in a strange way.
Victim: No, I don’t think so. Victim: Shall I pass you on to the manager?
Hot: Well, anyway, basically, I’m looking for something to liven Hot: And another one followed me into the shower.
up my party. Victim: Maybe he was just going to the bathroom.
Victim: I’m not following you. Hot: He was looking.
Hot: I need some drugs - do you follow that? Victim: Looking? What do you mean? Here, I’ll pass you on…
Victim: This is a centre for people with a drug-dependency Hot: No, I’m going, and I expect better treatment next time.
problems. GLOSSARY
Hot: Oh, so you don’t sell drugs?
to wind someone up phr vb I’m not following you exp “I don’t
Victim: No, that’s illegal. to irritate someone and make them angry understand you”
Hot: I don’t suppose you know anywhere I can get any high- a policy number n I don’t suppose you know exp
an identification number you are given this is a way of saying, “is it possible that
level crack, do you? when you join an organisation you know…”
to hand exp speed n
Victim: We don’t have that kind of information, sir. if you have something “to hand”, it is an illegal drug that stimulates
Hot: Or how about some speed? It’s so hard to get quality close to you and you can refer to it to complain vb
to throw a party exp to talk about a situation that makes you
these days. to organise a party and invite people angry or unhappy
to come to pass you on to someone exp
Victim: I’m sorry, sir, but I’m going to have to terminate this to liven up phr vb to connect you with another phone so you
conversation. to make something more exciting can speak to a different person
Hot: Oh, OK, bye.
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AUDIO
BUSINESSDIALOGUES
BUSINESS DIALOGUES
THE SECRETARIAL JOB
In this phone call, John is calling up to ask about a secretarial job and it’s very relaxing.
he has seen advertised in the local press. Sonia Barkston takes his (the sound of a hissing snake)
call. Listen to the conversation and answer these two questions: John: What is that?
Sonia: Oh, that’s Simon. (hissing and rattling). Say hello Simon.
1. What ordinary duties will the new secretary have to do? Good boy. (to the snake) Good boy, down boy, down!
2. What unusual jobs are there associated with the job? (to John) So when would you like to come in for an
interview?
Sonia: Sonia Barkston here, who’s speaking? John: Mmm… I’m going to have to think about this one.
John: Oh, hi, this is John Craydon, and I was just phoning up Sonia: Oh, OK, well, you’ve got my number.
regarding the secretarial job you have advertised. John: Yes, bye. And say goodbye to Simon for me.
Sonia: Oh, very good. What sort of experience do you have?
John: I’ve been working for an import-export company for three Exercise
years. Now listen to some extracts from the conversation again.
Sonia: Mmm… that sounds good. Can you provide any You will notice there are some missing words and a beeping
references? sound. See if you can write the missing word. Answers on
John: Yes, of course. page 50.
Sonia: Jolly good. 1. What sort ______ experience do you have?
John: So, what kind of work would the job involve? 2. I’ve been working for an import-export company
Sonia: Well, we’re an international marketing company. We’re _________ three years.
looking for someone to do all the usual things - you know, 3. We’re looking _________ someone to do all the usual
filing, sending faxes, keeping our databases up-to-date things.
and phoning clients and answering the telephone. 4. All the top companies are combining secretarial work
John: Sounds fairly standard to me. __________ cleaning duties.
Sonia: Oh, and there’s a bit of cleaning work to be done too. 5. When would you like to come in ________ an interview?
John: Cleaning work?
Sonia: Yes, nothing too complicated. Just giving the toilets the GLOSSARY
once over, and sweeping the floor…
to phone up phr vb a database n
John: Cleaning the toilets? That’s not normal, is it? to telephone a collection of information that is stored
a reference n in a computer
Sonia: Yes, all the top companies are combining secretarial work someone who can give information about standard adj
with cleaning duties. You’ll find it’s standard practice these you and how you work normal, ordinary
jolly good exp to give the toilets the once over exp
days. very good inform
filing n to clean the toilets
John: Well, I’ve never heard of that before. Is there anything else the action of putting papers into files to sweep the floor exp
you haven’t mentioned yet? (paper objects where you can put paper to clean the floor by using a broom (an
documents) object with a long wooden handle and a
Sonia: Yes, we do have a few pets that require a bit of care and keeping something up-to-date brush at the end)
exp a pet n
attention. ensuring that something has all the latest an animal that you keep in your house
John: Pets? information included
Sonia: Yes, I keep exotic pets - I find it reduces my stress levels
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16 USEFUL IDIOMS
16 USEFUL IDIOMS FOR WORK & BUSINESS!
FOR WORK &

BUSINESS! PART 1
Native English speakers use idioms all the time. So, you
need to understand their meaning if you want to follow
conversations. In this lesson, you’ll learn 16 really useful
idioms to use in business and at work. This is the first
part of a new series. Learn these idioms, and use them
whenever you can.
1 A cash cow 2 At a premium 3 To bite the bullet 4 Pull your weight

A “cash cow” is a product If you sell something “at If you “bite the bullet”, If you “pull your weight”
or service that generates a premium”, you sell it at you force yourself to in a team, you do your
a lot of money for the a price that’s higher than make a difficult or painful share of the work: “You
company: “Drinks and its true value: “When this decision: “Demand for our can’t expect everyone else
snacks sales in the product first came out, it services is down for the to do all the work on the
cinema are our cash cow was selling at a premium, 5th consecutive month, so project – you need to pull
– they generate even more but now it’s sold at about I think we need to bite the your weight too.”
than movie ticket sales.” 50% of its original price.” bullet and lay off certain
members of staff.”
5 Scale back your hours 6 Crunch time 7 A bitter pill (to swallow) 8 Brownie points
If you “scale back your “Crunch time” is a critical A “bitter pill” is something If you get “brownie
hours”, you reduce the moment when you need bad or unpleasant that points”, you get imaginary
number of hours that you to take action or make a has happened to you and bonus points for doing
work: “After Pete had the decision urgently: “Sales that is difficult to accept: something good (such
accident, he decided to are down, there are lots “Failing to get the contract as helping someone).
scale back his hours and of bills to pay and our was a bitter pill to swallow, As a result, your boss,
work part-time until he’d competitors have just especially after all the work manager, supervisor,
fully recovered.” brought out a product to we had put into it.” etc. is happy with you:
rival our own – it’s crunch “I got brownie points for
time!” volunteering to work at
the conference over the
weekend.”
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9 To climb the corporate ladder 10 To compare apples to oranges
If you “climb the corporate ladder”, you If you “compare apples to oranges”,
get promoted, move up in the company you compare two very different things:
or become a manager: “You need lots of “Comparing the food at this restaurant
important friends if you want to climb the and the other one is like comparing
corporate ladder in this organisation.” apples to oranges – one sells fast-food
16 USEFUL IDIOMS FOR WORK & BUSINESS!

and the other is a 5-star establishment.”
UNDERSTANDING
11 Dog-eat-dog 12 To dot your i’s and cross your t’s IDIOMS
A “dog-eat-dog” situation is a competitive If you “dot your i’s and cross your t’s” while An idiom is an expression
one in which people only think about creating a document, etc., you pay careful that describes a situation
in a funny, original or
themselves: “It’s dog-eat-dog in the attention to all the little details, and you unusual way. Interestingly,
entertainment sector – one minute you’re try to make sure there aren’t any mistakes: the meaning of the idiom is
on top, the next minute, everyone has “When preparing the annual report, it’s different from the meanings
forgotten about you!” very important to dot your i’s and cross of the individual words. For
example:
your t’s – there can’t be any errors!” • It cost an arm and a leg =
It was very expensive.
• She’s over the moon about
her new job = She’s very
happy about her new job.
• I felt like a fish out of water
in the party = I felt very
uncomfortable in the party.
In some cases, you can guess

the meaning of an idiom from
13 To drum up business 14 To face the music the context – what the people
If you “drum up business”, you find new If you “face the music”, you have to deal are talking about. In other
cases, you can “visualise”
customers for your product or service: with the consequences of a bad decision (imagine) the idiom as some
“Sales were very bad in the last quarter, so or action: “We launched the product idioms actually represent an
we need to think of ideas for drumming without doing all the necessary market action that you might do in
up new business.” research, which was a disaster, and now the situation that the idiom is
referring to. For example:
we have to face the music.” • I like to put my feet up after
work = I like to relax after
work [Literally, some people
put their feet on a chair or
table when they want to
relax.]
• They’re up in arms
about the changes = They’re
angry about the changes.
[Literally, some people put
their arms in the air when
they’re angry.]
15 To fast track 16 To generate a buzz
If you “fast track” something, you give it If you “generate a buzz”, you create a lot
high priority, and you make it happen more of interest in a product or service, often
GLOSSARY
lay off = if workers are “laid off”, they lose
quickly than usual: “The sporting event is by doing something that is reported by their jobs.
A bullet = a small, metal object that comes
in 20 months, so I think we should fast the media: “They gave away free samples out of a gun when you shoot it.
track the construction of the new stadium, of their product on the streets of London, To crunch = if you “crunch” something,
you apply pressure to it, or push down on
or it won’t be ready in time.” which generated a lot of buzz.” it with your foot, teeth…
Bitter = “bitter” food has a sharp taste like
a lemon, black coffee, etc.
A Brownie = literally, a Brownie is the level
of girl scouts for girls aged 6-8
A ladder = a piece of equipment for
climbing up and down with two vertical
bars and steps to stand on.
A track = a path or road that goes through
the countryside and that is often made
of earth.
A buzz = if you can hear a “buzz” or
a “buzzing” sound, you can hear a
continuous, low sound like the one a bee
or other insect makes.
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IDIOMS EXERCISES
IDIOMS
EXERCISES
Answers on page 50
1 Gap-fill exercise 2 Sentence completion

Complete the definitions with the words from below. Complete the definitions with the correct words.
1. Demand for our services is down for the 5th
drum buzz pill brownie music crunch track
consecutive month, so I think we need to bite the
1. If you “generate a ”, you create a lot of and lay off certain members of staff.
interest in a product or service by doing something 2. It’s dog- -dog in the entertainment
that is reported by the media. sector – one minute you’re on top, the next minute,
2. If you “face the ”, you have to deal with everyone has forgotten about you!
the consequences of a bad decision or action. 3. You need lots of important friends if you want
3. “ time” is a critical moment when you to climb the corporate in this
need to take action or make a decision urgently. organisation.
4. If you “fast ” something, you give it high 4. When preparing the annual report, it’s very important
priority, and you make it happen more quickly than to dot your i’s and your t’s – there can’t
usual. be any errors!
5. If you “ up business”, you find new 5. Drinks and snacks sales in the cinema are our cash
customers for your product or service. – they generate even more than movie
6. If you get “ points”, you get imaginary ticket sales.
bonus points for doing something good (such as 6. You can’t expect everyone else to do all the work on
helping someone). As a result, your boss, manager, the project – you need to pull your too.
supervisor, etc. is happy with you. 7. When this product first came out, it was selling at a
7. If you “ back your hours”, you reduce , but now it’s sold at about 50% of its
the number of hours that you work. original price.
8. A “bitter ” is something bad or 8. Comparing the food at this restaurant and the other
unpleasant that has happened to you and that is one is like comparing apples to – one
difficult to accept. sells fast-food and the other is a 5-star establishment.
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CROSSWORD ANSWERS ON PAGE 50
CROSSWORD
Across Down
3: If you are driving, you are _____ the wheel 1: To casually make a comment about something. To r _____
6: If you leave a place driving, you drive ___ 2: A light that isn’t bright: a ___ light
8: If you really like something, you are fond __ that thing 4: To go out and have a really good time: to let your hair ____
9: A shortened form of “want to” 5: A bubbly drink made from water and sugar such as Coca Cola,
10: To shout Pepsi, etc
12: To wake up in the night and start to move about while you are 7: To believe something that isn’t true: to fall ___ a trick
still sleeping: to sleep ____ 9: An exclamation that people say when they do something wrong
14: To stay in the air and not to move: to h ____ 11: If someone is about to cry, tears are welling up in their ____
15: To hit someone many times: to ___ someone up 13: The part of your mouth that you use for kissing
17: To completely destroy something: to smash something __ 16: If a plan fails, it falls t h _____
22: Increasing: on the ____ 18: Areas on your head with no hair: bald p ______
23: A metal container for drinks: a __ 19: A type of dog: a b r ___ of dog
24: To move downstairs very quietly and secretly: to _____ 20: Very wet: s o _____ wet
downstairs 21: Water that is moving: r u _____ water
26: A person who tries to stop cars so he/she can travel 25: To take something in your hands and to lift it from a surface: to ____
somewhere for free: a h _________ something up
27: A substance used to stick two pieces of paper together
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AUDIO
DR FINGERS’GRAMMARdayCLINIC
’s class:
DR FINGERS’GRAMMAR CLINIC
Dear Dr Fingers,
I often have problems with conjunctions such as “unless” and “as To
long as”. Please could you help me? Thank you very much.
Monica (by e-mail). “Unless”
Dear Monica, and
“as long as”
Thank you very much. Of course, I would be delighted to help you
with your difficulties. First of all, let’s have a look at “unless”.
Unless
We use this conjunction to talk about exceptions; and in many
cases it is like saying “except if”, or “the only exception is if…”.
For example:
”I won’t go to the cinema unless you pay”, which is like saying,
“I won’t go to the cinema. The only exception is if you pay”.
“She won’t work unless I help her”, which is like saying, “she
won’t work. The only exception is if I help her”.
”He won’t do it unless you explain how to do it”, which is like
saying, “he won’t do it. The only exception is if you explain how
to do it”.
”I will be here tomorrow unless there’s a strike”, which means,
“I will be here tomorrow. The only exception is if there’s a strike”.
As long as
Now let’s look at “as long as”. This can be used to make a
condition, and it is similar to “if” or “on condition that”. For
example:
“I’ll lend you my car, as long as you don’t crash it”, which means,
“I’ll lend you my car, on condition that you don’t crash it”.
“I’ll come as long as you pay”, which means, “I’ll come on
condition that you pay”.
“I’ll do the job as long as you help me”, which means, “I’ll do the
job on condition that you help me”.
Additional Notes For Advanced Students

And finally, a few points for advanced students. Notice how we use
a present tense to express a future idea with both “unless” and
“as long as”:
“I won’t be angry as long as you do it well”.
It is NOT correct to say, “… you will do it well”.
“I won’t go unless you go with me.” It is NOT correct to say,
“… unless you will go… ”
In more formal sentences you can use “provided that” instead of
“as long as”:
“I’ll lend you my car, provided that you don’t crash it.”
Be careful because “as long as” can also be used to make
comparisons:
“This piece of string is as long as the other one.”
“Mine is as long as yours.”
Well, I hope that has answered your question. Now, I am going for
a lovely walk to the park, where I will throw some stones at the
ducks and frighten old ladies.
Yours,
Dr Fingers. Bye!

AUDIO
BUSINESSDIALOGUES
BUSINESS DIALOGUES
THE OFFICE SHARE
In this dialogue, Michael and Jane have decided to rent an office Michael: Your name is longer; we had to make it smaller so it
together to cut costs. They’ve just moved in and they are talking would fit. My name is just “Michael Bailey”, but yours is
about the new office. Listen to the dialogue and see if you can “Jane Swingeon Burgess” - the letters have to be smaller.
answer these questions: Jane: And why is your name above mine?
Michael: I was here first. (more loud screaming)
1. What advantages are there with the new office? Jane: No you weren’t.
2. What areas of conflict are there? Michael: Yes, I was.
Jane: No, you weren’t.
Jane: So, it should be nice and quiet here. Michael: Yes, I was.
Michael: Yeah, there’s not too much traffic and there’s lots of Jane: Oh dear, I can see this isn’t going to work.
light too. (more loud screaming)
Jane: This is great. We cut all our costs by sharing electricity Michael: Yes, I agree. I think we should call the whole thing off.
bills and we just have one secretary between us. Jane: Good idea. Bye.
Michael: Yes, it just made so much sense to make this move. I Michael: Bye.
don’t know why we didn’t think of it before.
Jane: Yeah, plus we can help each other when one of us is ill, Exercise
or away. Now listen to some extracts from the conversation again.
Michael: Yeah, I can take your calls, and you can take mine. You will notice there are some missing words and a beeping
(loud screaming) sound. See if you can write the missing word. Answers on
Jane: Good God! What was that! page 50.
Michael: Oh, don’t worry about that, it’s just the guy next door. 1. We just have one secretary _________ us.
He’s a psychotherapist - he has some original ideas. 2. I’ll put my desk and things right here __________ the
(more loud screaming) window.
Don’t worry. It’s only in the morning session. The rest of 3. I noticed that my name on the plaque is smaller
the day there isn’t much noise… apart from when he’s ________ yours.
treating the “wall hitters”. 4. I can see this isn’t going __________ work.
Jane: “Wall hitters”? What are they? 5. I think we should call the whole thing _________ .
Michael: “Wall hitters” are people who have an obsession with
walls and an uncontrollable urge to hit them. Here, like GLOSSARY
this (bang, bang, bang). to cut vb say and they need to change the topic of
Jane: Oh, right. Anyway, I think I’ll put my things on the desk to reduce conversation
an electricity bill n a plaque n
by the window. a piece of paper that tells you how much a piece of wood or metal that has the
you must pay for electricity name of businesses, groups or people
Michael: Oh, well actually, sorry, but, erm, I’d already decided to to take a call exp on it
put my things there. to answer the telephone to fit vb
an uncontrollable urge n if a name “fits” on a piece of paper, it is
Jane: Oh, had you? an irresistible desire to do something the right size for the piece of paper
Michael: Yes, I need natural light. I can’t work otherwise. by the way exp to call the whole thing off exp
people use this expression when they to cancel everything
Jane: Well I do too. Oh, and by the way, I noticed that my suddenly think of something they want to
name on the plaque is smaller than yours.
Animal Matching
Exercise
ANIMAL MATCHING
See if you can do this matching exercise. Look at the list of things (1 to 12),
and the photos ( A - K ). Write a letter next to the name of each thing in the list below. Answers also on page 50
1. Dragonfly
2. Cheetah
3. Kangaroo
4. Spider
5. Dolphin
6. Honeybee
B
7. Snake
8. Walrus
9. Ostrich
A
10. Greyhound
11. Goldfish
C G
D E F K
H I J
AUDIO
Animal Trivia
Here are some more interesting and fascinating facts about animals.
ANIMAL TRIVIA
Every year, we spend about 1.5 billion euros on pet food. This is The largest egg in the world comes from the ostrich. These eggs
four times more than the amount we spend on baby food. are from 15 to 20 centimetres long, and take about 40 minutes to
hard-boil.
Dragonflies are the fastest insects in the world, and they can fly
about 80 kph. And while we’re on the subject of speed, just have a The breed of dog known as the greyhound was “created” in Egypt
look at the following “Speed Table”, with the maximum speeds for a about 5,000 years ago. In England it was bred by aristocrats to
variety of animals… and a human: hunt hares.
Animal Speed Female chickens (hens) can make one egg in about 24 to 26 hours.
Cheetah 112 kph A fit, healthy hen can start producing another egg just thirty
Lion 80 kph minutes after laying an egg.
Horse 72 kph
Rabbit 56 kph Pet parrots can eat just about any food that we eat, except for
Kangaroo 48 kph chocolate and avocado pears. In fact, both of these things can kill the
Human 42 kph parrot. So now you know - the next time you find yourself in a difficult
Elephant 40 kph situation with an awkward parrot, just offer it some chocolate.
Spider 2 kph
Snail 0.2 kph Hummingbirds are the smallest birds in the world. The smallest ones
are the size of your thumb nail when fully-grown. In fact, they are
so small that one of their enemies is an insect: the praying mantis.
Incidentally, hummingbirds are the only birds that can hover, and
fly up, down and backwards; however, they cannot walk.
George Washington’s favourite horse was named Lexington;

Napoleon’s was named Marengo; and US President Grant had three
favourites: Egypt, Cincinnati, and Jeff Davis.
Goldfish lose their colour if they are kept for long periods in dim
light or in running water.
Each year, hungry insects eat 1/3 of the Earth’s food crop.
New Zealand’s national bird, the Kiwi, cannot fly, is almost blind
German shepherds bite humans more than any other breed of dog. and lays only one egg each year. It spends most of its life in a hole
in the ground, but despite this, it has survived for more than 70
Dolphins sleep at night just below the surface of the water. They million years and had a fruit named after it.
often wake up for a bit of air.
GLOSSARY
The honeybee kills more people world-wide than all the poisonous pet food n animals so they can produce babies that
snakes combined. food for animals. “Pets” are animals we you can sell
keep at home a hare n
a crop n a type of large rabbit
a type of plant or cereal we grow in large to lay an egg exp
The largest animal ever seen alive was a 33-metre, 1,700-kilogram quantities for food if a chicken “lays” an egg, an egg comes
blue whale. a breed (of dog) exp out of the chicken’s body
a type of dog such as a chow, pitbull and an avocado pear n
German shepherd food that is green inside and has the
to get sunburnt exp shape of an ordinary pear. People often use
Pigs, walruses and light-coloured horses can all get sunburnt. So, if you “get sunburnt”, your skin becomes avocados in salads or to make guacamole
don’t forget to buy some suntan cream for your pets - they need it red because you have been in the sun for awkward adj
too long with a difficult nature and personality
too, you know. below our hearing range n a thumb n
a sound that is too low for us to hear the big finger on your hand
a squid n a nail n
Elephants can communicate using sounds that we humans can’t a large animal that lives in the sea and has the hard object at the end of your finger
8 legs to hover vb
detect. This is because the sounds are below our hearing range, a backbone n if a plane or bird “hovers” in the air, it
the long bone in our back stays in one position in the air
which is between 14 and 35 hertz. up to 2,000 kilograms exp dim light exp
any weight less than 2,000 kilograms light that is not bright
a diameter n running water exp
The giant squid is the largest creature without a backbone. It can a line that goes through a circle, passing water that is moving constantly
through the middle of it blind adj
weigh up to 2,000 kilograms, and can grow up to 15 metres long. an average cat n if you are “blind”, you cannot see
Each eye has a diameter of about 300 centimetres. a normal, ordinary cat to name after phr vb
to hard-boil (an egg) exp to give something the same name as
to put an egg in hot water until it becomes another thing
hard inside
The average cat eats about 127,750 calories a year - nearly 28 to breed vb
times its own weight in food. Incidentally, cats cannot survive on a if you “breed” animals, you keep these
vegetarian diet.

DOGS IDIOMS
This month we are looking at some idioms related to “dogs”.
DOGS IDIOMS
Illustrations by www.carosia.com
Dirty dog
An evil person who gets what
he/she wants:
“He told us he was really poor
and he convinced us to give
him some money, but later
we found out that he was a
millionaire - what a dirty dog!”
Dog-tired
Exhausted after working
really hard:
“I’ve been working all day
and now I’m dog-tired.”
Puppy love
Romantic love which a young
person feels for another person.
This type of love usually
disappears quickly:
“I fell in love when I was just
14 and I was sure I was going
to marry him. But later I found
Puppy fat out what he was really like so I
Excess fat that children have and suppose it was just puppy love.”
that they lose when they get older:
“He’s a bit overweight now, but
that’s just puppy fat.”
To call off the dogs

To stop an
investigation; to stop
attacking someone:
“The bank were
going to sue us for
not paying back the
GLOSSARY
money, but now they’ve
decided to call off the Please note that some of the words in
this glossary box are literal translations
dogs.” of parts of idiomatic expressions.
to find out phr vb

to discover
a puppy n
a very young dog
A shaggy-dog story to sue vb
to start a legal process against someone
A joke which is very long and which has in order to get compensation
to pay back phr vb
a silly ending: to return money to someone or a bank
“My dad loves telling shaggy-dog stories, shaggy adj
“shaggy hair” is hair that is long and
but he’s the only one who finds them not ordered

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VOCABULARY HAIRDRESSING
Here is some useful vocabulary related to hairdressing.
VOCABULARY HAIRDRESSING
A barber - this is the man Curlers - these are the hot

or woman who cuts men’s hair. pieces of metal that are used to
Barbers have years of experience make your hair curly. They are also
doing one basic haircut: short excellent instruments of torture and
back and sides. may be used to extract information
from stubborn friends.
A hairdresser - this is the
person who will do just about Hair oil - this is the oily
anything to your hair, including substance that you can put on
cutting it, washing it, dyeing, your hair. Put on a large amount
drying it, curling it, straightening and give yourself that Mafia look
it, etc. to intimidate your friends.
A wig - this is a piece of false Scissors - these are the

hair that covers the top of the objects they use to cut your hair.
head. Stick your wig on with a Inexperienced hairdressers often use
strong glue to ensure it doesn’t fly scissors to cut off portions of client’s
off in a gale. ears. On your next visit, remember to
wear a helmet to avoid any injuries.
Clippers - this is the electronic
device that is used to cut your hair. A barber’s seat - these are
Use your clippers to recreate the the chairs that you sit on in the
sound of a thousand mosquitoes. hairdressers. Have fun spinning
around on the seat - it’s cheaper
A brush (hairbrush) - this is than going to the fun fair, and
the object you use to put your hair you get a haircut.
in order. Save the hairs on your
hairbrush to make a lovely wig of A razor blade - this is the
your very own hair. sharp object used for cutting the
hairs on the back of the neck.
A comb - this is the plastic
object that is used to put your Hairspray - this is the
hairs in place. It’s got lots of wonderful mixture of air, perfume
little teeth. Impress your friends and glue that is used to keep
by using your comb as a mouth your hair in place.
organ, and giving them your
version of “My Way” by Frank Hair gel - this is the sticky
Sinatra. substance that is used to keep
your hair looking wet. Regularly
Hair dye - this is the chemical throwing a bucket of water over
substance that changes the colour your head has a similar effect.
of your hair. Dye your hair with
ammonia to save money. However, GLOSSARY
be careful as repeated use of short back and sides exp blues songs
ammonia may burn your scalp. a haircut that consists of cutting the hair a scalp n
short at the back and the side of the head the skin on your head
to curl vb wrap a towel around your head exp
A towel - this is the object to design hair so it has little circles in it.
People with “curly” hair have these circles
put a towel on your head and tie it (
see picture)
used to dry your wet hair. Wrap naturally to pretend vb
to stick vb to act as if something is true even if that
your towel around your head and to fix something with glue (see below) thing isn’t true
glue n stubborn adj
pretend you are from an exotic a substance that we use to fix things - someone who is “stubborn” insists on doing
country. usually paper onto paper things his/her way
to fly off phr vb a helmet n
if something “flies off” your head, it an object you put on your head to protect
A hairdryer - this is the suddenly comes away from your head
a gale n
your head. People on motorbikes often
wear them
electronic device that’s used to violent weather with very strong wind to spin around phr vb
a mouth organ n to move around in circles many, many times
dry your hair. It is also useful for a small musical instrument that you put and very fast
it in your mouth. They are often used in
drying paint on walls.
32 / www.learnhotenglish.com / Want to do an internship with Hot English? For more information, e-mail info@learnhotenglish.com
AUDIO
TYPICALDIALOGUES ANSWERS ON PAGE 50
TYPICAL DIALOGUES
THE HAIRDRESSER
Here’s a typical dialogue with lots of useful vocabulary and Hairdresser: Yes, I find the two jobs are quite similar.
expressions to use when you go to the hairdresser’s. Mr Paylos: What?
In this scene Mr Paylos has come in for a haircut. Listen to the Hairdresser: I said… Good, now I’m just going to burn off those
dialogue and answer these questions. (answers on page 50) loose ends.
Mr Paylos: Burn? Erm, sorry, but I can feel some heat on the
1. What does the hairdresser offer the man? back of my neck… in fact it’s quite hot, erm, and it
2. Is the customer satisfied in the end? hurts.
Hairdresser: Oh dear.
Hairdresser: Good afternoon, sir. Haircut? You know we’re giving Mr Paylos: What?
away a free brush and comb for every customer this Hairdresser: I don’t suppose you’ve got any glue, have you?
month. Mr Paylos: Glue? Look, I think you’ve done quite enough. Let me
Mr Paylos: Oh good. I’ll have a haircut then, please. have a look.
Hairdresser: OK, take a seat, please. Now, how would you like it? Hairdresser: Here you are, sir. Shall I dry the remaining hairs for
Mr Paylos: Well, I just need a trim - you know, just a bit off the you, sir? A bit of hairspray might look good.
back and the sides. Mr Paylos: No, no, I’m fine. (looking in the mirror) Oh, yes. This
Hairdresser: Very well, sir. Now just sit back and relax while I put haircut is very, very good. I like the way there are
this blindfold on you. some spiky bits, and some bald patches and a bit
Mr Paylos: Blindfold? of long hair at the back. It’s perfect. How much do I
Hairdresser: Yes, I find it easier to work if the customer can’t see owe you?
what I’m getting up to. Hairdresser: That’ll be 20 euros, please. Plus you get your free
Mr Paylos: Getting up to? comb.
Hairdresser: I mean, doing. Could I interest you in a perm? We’ve Mr Paylos: Excellent!
got some very good offers this month.
Mr Paylos: Erm, no thanks. GLOSSARY
Hairdresser: A change of colour perhaps? We’ve got a very snazzy a brush n whoops! excl
new range of hair dyes. an object you use to make your hair look people say this when they do something
nice. It has many soft plastic “hairs” on it wrong or make a mistake
Mr Paylos: No, I’m fine thanks. a comb n scissors n
an object you use to make your hair look an object you use to cut paper or hair
Hairdresser: Very well, sir. Whoops! nice. It has many hard plastic “teeth” on it blunt adj
Mr Paylos: What? What’s wrong? a trim n if a knife is “blunt”, it doesn’t cut very well
a haircut that consists of cutting off a little busy adj
Hairdresser: Nothing. It’s just that these scissors are a bit blunt. hair if you are “busy”, you have lots of work
a bit off the back exp to slip out phr vb
It’s nothing to worry about. You just sit back and “cut a little hair from the back of my head” if something “slips out”, you say that thing
relax. the sides n accidentally
the hair at the sides of your head to burn off phr vb
Mr Paylos: So, erm, is this a busy time of the year? a blindfold n to eliminate something by burning it
a piece of material that completely covers loose ends exp
Hairdresser: Yes, very busy. And there have been no fatal accidents the eyes the ends of your hair that are not in place
for twenty years. to get up to something exp glue n
to do something - usually something bad a substance used for sticking paper onto
Mr Paylos: Fatal accidents? I didn’t ask about any accidents. or illegal paper
a perm abbr spiky bits exp
Hairdresser: Oh, didn’t you, sir? I’m sorry. It just sort of slipped a “permanent”. A process which makes your bits of hair that are sticking up (in a
out. hair curly (with lots of little circles) vertical position)
snazzy adj bald patches exp
Mr Paylos: Erm… what happened twenty years ago? stylish and attractive areas of your head with no hair. Someone
a hair dye n with no hair is “bald”
Hairdresser: I don’t like to talk about it. a chemical that makes your hair change
Mr Paylos: By the way, I was just wondering - it says outside colour
that you also do gardening work. Is that right?
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WORDSEARCH
See if you can identify the word below. Then, try to find these words (here on the right) in the Wordsearch.
WORDSEARCH
Good luck! Answers on page 50.
GONNA RAID
HOOD TRESPASS
BENCH LITTER
WILL UNCIVIL
CHOP OUGHT
STABLE FILE
STAB USER
MATCHING
A: Gonna
B: A hood
See if you can match the two columns.
Answers on page 50.
1. A long seat often found in a park
2. To put papers and documents in organised boxes
C: A bench 3. A person who uses something
D: A will 4. To throw old bits of paper and plastic on the ground
E: To chop 5. Should
F: A stable 6. Rude and not polite
G: To stab 7. To put a knife in someone
H: A raid 8. A “house” for horses
I: To trespass 9. If the police do this, they go to an area in order to arrest people
J: To litter 10. To go on an area of private land without permission
K: Uncivil 11. To cut with a large knife
L: Ought to 12. Going to
M: To file 13. A part of a jacket or coat that goes over your head
N: A user 14. An official document that explains what will happen to your money when you die
Practice English 1,000 words & expressions in

30 typical English conversational
Tap here to buy!
Conversations situations. Improve your English
speaking and skills!

A look at some cool places from around the world
Amazing World
PADUA, ITALY
PADUA, ITALY
If you’re interested in art, architecture and Italian culture, then Padua is the place for you. It’s got
more than 3,000 years of history and it’s full of interesting sights and things to do. by Cristiano Righi
Inspiration Bo’, which means “ox” in the dialect of the Veneto region. The
As soon as you get to Padua you’ll see the is the wall that goes Bo’ Palace is now the main seat of the university. It’s great for
around the city. The most interesting parts of the wall include walking around. In the old central square you can also see the
the “Portello Gate” and the “Savonarola Gate”. So where can you rooms with their ancient draperies and paintings.
start on your journey around Padua? Well, the best place is the On graduation day at the “Bo’ Palace”, students receive the
Botanical Gardens. It was founded in 1545 as a garden for medical ancient Roman “crown of laurel” - just like the one that Caesar
plants. These days it’s part of the “Faculty of Medicine” in The used to wear. If you are lucky enough to be around when this is
University of Padua. “Il Botanico”, as it is known, is the oldest happening, you’ll also see the “unofficial” celebration that usually
botanical garden in the world, and has an extremely important follows the official one. In this “unofficial” ceremony, students
collection of rare plants, including a palm tree that was planted in play tricks on one another. Here are some of the typical things
1585 and that worked as inspiration for the German poet Goethe in they do:
the 18th century. 1. Undressing a student and watching him walk around the
crowded squares begging for money
Unofficial Ceremonies 2. Using cling film to stick a live eel on a student, then
“Bo’ Palace” is another good place to visit. It’s basically a large throwing the student into one of the fountains;
group of buildings which were constructed at the beginning of 3. Covering the student in sticky tape and watching him trying
the 17th century. They were built near a medieval inn called the to get out of it.

PADUA, ITALY
Meeting Places in northern Italy. One of the most popular tourist sites is the
Another interesting place to visit is the Prato della Valle. This is cathedral. It was constructed in the 13th century in a Romanesque-
the traditional site for fairs and entertainment. One of the most Gothic style. It contains the body of Saint Anthony and has artistic
spectacular shows is the firework display that takes place on masterpieces like the impressive frescoes by Titian, sculptures
15th August. You can also see a typical Italian flea market that by Donatello and a monument dedicated to the legendary knight
sells really cheap things and second-hand goods every Saturday “Gattamelata”, also by Donatello.
morning. The market is in a large building that was constructed in
1775. Centuries before there was a Roman theatre here. Nowadays
this is one of the main places for young people to meet on
Saturday afternoon. Many of them go skating around the square,
which makes this area the oldest skating track in the world.
Time For Food

Just a few steps away from Prato della Valle there’s a fantastic
pizzeria: “Pizzeria Orsucci”. It’s been run by the same family
since the beginning of the century, and they make the best and
cheapest pizza you’ll ever have in your life. You can choose a
simple “Margherita” (tomato and mozzarella), a tasty “Capricciosa”
(artichokes, mushrooms and ham) or a superb “Parmigiana” INFORMATION BOX - USEFUL PHRASES
(aubergines and Parmesano cheese). Wash your pizza down with
an ice-cold “Moretti” beer, which is the most popular beer in the English Italian
northeast. Where is Prato della Valle? Dov’e si trova Prato della Valle?
I would like a coffee, please Vorrei un caffè, per favore.
Shopping! Could you take a photo of me Potrebbe farmi una foto vicino all
The best places for shopping are the three large squares in the next to the fountain, please? Potrebbe farmi una foto vicino all
centre of town, known respectively as Piazza delle Erbe, Piazza fontana, per favore?
dei Signori and Piazza della Frutta. The three of them are all
joined together and surrounded by a complex system of arcades. Where can I find a Dov’e posso trovare un McDonald,
Piazza delle Erbe, has the huge building known as “Palazzo della McDonald’s, please? per favore?
Ragione”, which is where the law courts are. There are some
important frescoes by the artist Giotto here too. Under the squares
there are some shopping galleries with more than 50 tiny shops. GLOSSARY
It’s one of the oldest shopping centres in Europe and you can buy
an inn n to skate vb
wine, vegetables, pets and fruit here. In Piazza delle Erbe there’s a a small hotel or pub a sport that consists of running in shoes
an ox n with wheels on them
busy market every day. a bull that has been castrated to run vb
the main seat of the university n to organise, control and direct a business
the central and administrative area of a tasty adj
Coffee Time university that tastes good when you eat it
draperies n an artichoke n
After all this walking around, you’ll be ready for a refreshing cup of curtains or decorative pieces of material a green vegetable with leaves that are like
coffee. The best place to go is Caffè Pedrocchi. This magnificent, to undress vb the petals from a flower
to take off your clothes an aubergine n
old-fashioned café was designed by the famous architect Jappelli. to beg vb a large purple vegetable
to ask desperately for something to wash your pizza down with a drink exp
It is the perfect way to end your visit to the city of Padua. Ciao! cling film n to have a drink with your pizza
very thin plastic that you put around food huge adj
to keep the food fresh very big
Padua’s Best Drink: the Spritz to stick vb the law courts n
to fix, to attach, to put buildings where they have legal processes
While you are in Padua, you have to try a “Spritz”. This is a great live adj to decide if someone is innocent or guilty
drink for hot days and consists of a sparkling orange drink that that is living - not dead of a crime
an eel n a fresco n
needs to be downed in one. If you fancy making one yourself, an animal that lives in the sea that we a picture that is painted on a wall
eat. It looks a bit like a snake a shopping gallery n
here’s the recipe: a fountain n an indoor area with many shops
Pour some dry white wine and Campari into a glass until the a decorative public feature where water tiny adj
comes out of an opening very, very small
glass is 2/3 full. Add a slice of orange or lemon and some ice for sticky tape n a busy market n
a tape that you use to fix paper onto a market with many people
decoration, then fill it to the top with soda. Perfect! paper a café n
a site n a restaurant where you can drink coffee,
a place tea, etc
Padua’s History a firework display n sparkling adj
a celebration with lots of fireworks (things a liquid with bubbles of gas in it
Padua was originally a fishing village. However, in the 4th century that explode in the sky with a lot of noise to down in one exp
BC it became an important centre for the Venetians. It was also and colour) to drink all the liquid in a glass without
a flea market n stopping
a very important town during the Roman Empire. In 1222 one of an outdoor market with many different to pour vb
things for sale at low prices to put liquid in a container
the first universities in Europe was founded here. Some of its most second-hand goods n
illustrious students include Giotto and Galilei. objects that are not new
Padua’s inhabitants claim that their town is the oldest city

Living Abroad
CHARLIE IN ITALY
Charlie in
What were your first impressions of Italy?

ITALY
Every month we interview someone who has lived in or visited a foreign country.
This month we are talking to Charlie, an Irishman, about his time in Sicily.
I was on a train travelling down from the north of Italy. In the

morning, I woke up to see a Carabinieri come into the carriage.
He stood beside my seat with a cigarette in his mouth and his
pistol almost touching my shoulder. I thought, “Oh, my God, I’m
where the family network is fundamentally important. Businesses
are mostly family affairs, and many small firms employ all three
generations of the immediate family, with the grandmother at the
till and the grandchildren lifting boxes.
During my first year the only job I got was washing dishes in a
in the Wild West”. restaurant. The only real options are as an English teacher or as a
Later, I arrived at Catania and the first thing I noticed was the waitress; I say “waitress” because in Sicily they only hire girls in
traffic with hundreds of Vespas, and the air heavy with their bars. Eventually I went to work in an English academy.
fumes.
The buildings impressed me too with their black-walled Gothic What were the best things about it?
designs. Apparently, after the city was flattened by Mount Etna in Culturally Sicily is like nothing you’ve ever seen before. Greeks,
the late seventeenth century, they rebuilt everything using black Romans, Muslims, Normans, Bourbons... you name it, they’ve been
lava rock. there. Cities such as Taormina and Syracusa are beautiful and full
of history.
What did you do there? By day you’ve got the beach, the volcano and great surrounding
I went to study classics. My contact was Professor Romano. On our towns and cities to see. Sometimes you look up at Mount Etna
first day there we went to his office and told him who we were. He smoking away and wonder why there is a city there at all. You can
just smiled and told us to go to the beach, find some nice Sicilian go up and check out the lava flows. You could even ski there until
girls to teach us Italian, and to come back after Christmas. And last year, when the latest eruptions destroyed the ski station at
that’s what we did. For the second year I worked. Nicolosi.
At night, we did a lot of drinking. Catania’s got great nightlife,
What job did you do? and it’s much better compared to many other Italian cities. This is
Getting work in Sicily is difficult. Sicily is a very traditional society mostly because it’s full of university students.

CHARLIE IN ITALY
Was it easy to meet people?
Sicilians tend to socialise in large groups,
which I hated. I made great friends, but it was
hard to get them to go out on an individual
basis.
Sicilians are also old-fashioned people. They
are very warm and sincere, even when they
say things like “let’s go out sometime”, which
in Ireland usually means you’re never going
to go out. But Sicilians are different and they
take this very literally and will get offended
if you don’t phone them. They are also very
welcoming and love to bring you into their
home and dish up a plate of pasta.
What were the worst things

about being there?
Waiting for a group of Sicilians to decide
where they want to go out.
Sicily
Did anything funny happen while you were
there?
Oh yes, lots of things. I remember once there was a slight
communication problem. When I first got to the hotel it was
late, so the old woman in charge just gave me the key and let
me go up to the room. The next day I went to fill out the forms
with my friend, Justin. This was no problem and we wrote in our
details and handed the form back. But then the old woman tried
to tell us something, and I couldn’t understand a word. She kept
repeating it over and over, getting louder and louder all the time,
but it was impossible. Finally she called in an Italian guy who said
that he would translate for her. So, she repeated her phrase and
the man translated it for her, saying:
“Today, Etna has a big ‘erection’!”
And Justin turned to me and asked:
“Who is Etna?” at which point we both laughed. Of course, it
turned out that Mount Etna was actually going to have a big
“eruption”. What a relief!
Would you go back?
Yes. And with a decent job I’d stay a long time.
OK, Charlie, that was really interesting. Thank you very much.
GLOSSARY
a Carabinieri n to hire vb
an Italian police officer to pay money to use something for a
a shoulder n limited period of time
the joint at the top of your arm between to smoke away phr vb
your arm and your upper-body if a volcano is “smoking away”, smoke is
fumes n coming out of it continuously
the smoke that comes out of vehicles as to check out phr vb
they are driven to see, to explore, to investigate
the city was flattened exp to dish up phr vb
“the city was destroyed and all the to serve (a plate of food)
buildings fell down” to fill out phr vb
the till n to complete in writing
the computer in a supermarket or shop to hand back phr vb
that a cashier works with and in which all to return something to someone
sales are registered to turn out phr vb
to lift boxes exp if something “turns out” a particular way,
to do the physical work in a shop or it happens like that in the end
business
to wash dishes exp
to clean the dirty plates

CALIGULA
CALIGULA
Imagine you suddenly became king or queen of a country. How would you react? Would you be
a kind ruler? Or would you be cruel? Now imagine you were ruler of ancient Rome. You’ve got
armies, slaves and lots of land, and you are regarded as a god. Caligula, became emperor of
the vast Roman Empire in AD 37. he only lasted four years and he became famous for his cruelty,
brutality, extravagance and madness. What happened to him? And why?
To Die In Vain asleep and Caligula declared that each time the senator nodded,
In AD 37 Emperor Tiberius died and Caligula suddenly became the it was a bid for a gladiator. By the time the senator woke up, he
most powerful man in the world. Things went well at first and had a massive debt and 13 very expensive gladiators.
Caligula was a good ruler. But then his character changed and he But at other times things were more serious. When Caligula became
turned into a heartless, cold and ruthless ruler. tired of someone, he would simply order them to commit suicide,
He was most famous for his cruelty. Let’s see some examples of as he once did with his secretary.
this. On one occasion Caligula was at the arena watching the
gladiators. Half-way through, Caligula was informed that there Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow
weren’t enough condemned criminals to fight the tigers and lions. Caligula also suffered from paranoia. He was short and bald and
What was he going to do? Simple. Caligula just ordered some had a hairy body. He was very sensitive about this and during his
spectators to be dragged from the benches into the arena. time it was a crime for anyone to look down on him from a high
Caligula also liked to steal money from rich senators. He ordered place. Sometimes he ordered those with a fine head of hair to
people to write out wills leaving everything to him. Then, be shaved. Even the mention of “hairy goats” in conversation
he would just kill them and inherit all their money. Once, a was dangerous. One poor man was flogged to death for making a
supposedly rich man had died, but it turned out that he had no comment with this expression.
money, Caligula commented, “Oh dear, he died in vain.” Caligula was sexually perverted. He often committed incest with
Caligula also opened a brothel in his palace and ordered the wives his three sisters; and at weddings, he would order the bride to
and daughters of senators and soldiers to work there; and, of strip naked, then carefully examine her in public.
course, Caligula took all the money.
He Really Is Mad
Music To His Ears There are lots of other examples of Caligula’s madness. Whenever
Caligula was also famous for his short temper. Once, he asked he kissed his wife’s neck, he used to say, “This lovely neck will be
a friend, “Who is the greater: Jupiter or Caligula?” Instead of chopped as soon as I say so”.
answering immediately, the friend hesitated, and Caligula He once ordered his slaves to construct a five-kilometre bridge
whipped him to death. As the poor man was dying, Caligula of boats across the Bay of Naples. Then, he crossed the boats
casually remarked, “Remember, I have the power to do on horseback, wearing Alexander the Great’s armour.
anything to anyone.” He also treated his horse, Incitatus, like a king. He gave it
On a funny note, Caligula was once at an auction. A senator was necklaces, a marble stable with furniture and servants to look

CALIGULA
after it. He made it a priest of his temple, and even proposed to
make it a senator.
At dinner Caligula drank pearls that had been dissolved in vinegar,
and during the day he liked to roll around on mountains of gold
coins. About half-way through his reign he set up a special temple
with a life-sized statue of himself in gold, which was dressed each
day in the same clothing that he wore himself.
He’s Mad
So what exactly was the problem with this man? There are some
theories that Caligula was actually suffering from schizophrenia.
Others say Caligula’s eccentricities had something to do with his
childhood. Caligula’s father Germanicus, his mother Agrippina and
all his brothers were killed. And others think that having absolute
power caused the worst features of his character to develop.
Whatever the problem, it all came to an end after a very short
period. GLOSSARY
heartless adj a fine head of hair exp
All Good Things Come To An End cruel and sadistic
ruthless adj
with lots of hair on the head
to shave vb
By AD 41 the senators and guards had had enough. One night, with no mercy to cut off all the hair
to drag vb to flog someone to death exp
his Praetorian guards stabbed him to death as he was leaving to use physical force to take someone to a to hit someone with a whip (a piece of
the theatre. One of the conspirators was Cornelius Sabinus, whose place rope or leather) until they die
a bench n to commit incest exp
wife had been publicly humiliated by Caligula. Another was Cassius a wide, hard, long chair - often found in to have sexual relations with a member of
parks your family
Chaerea, who was angry because Caligula had imitated his high to write out phr vb the bride n
voice. And so ended the life of the cruellest and most unusual of to write the woman who is getting married during
a will n a wedding
the Roman leaders. a document that says what will happen to to strip naked exp
your possessions after you die to take off all your clothing
to die in vain exp to chop vb
to die for nothing; to die for no good to cut
cause on horseback exp
GLOSSARY FOR CARTOON a brothel n on a horse
a house where prostitutes work armour n
to drag vb giddy up! exp a short temper n metal clothing that soldiers wear to
to pull someone phy-sically go faster (to a horse) if you have a “short temper”, you become protect themselves
so far exp to chop off phr vb angry very easily and quickly a necklace n
until now to cut off to whip someone to death exp jewellery that you wear around your neck
to slit someone’s throat exp hay adj to hit a person with a whip (a piece of a stable n
to cut someone’s throat (the front part of dried grass rope or leather) until that person dies a building where horses live
your neck) stop bothering me exp to remark vb a priest n
carry on exp stop irritating me to say casually a person who works in a church as a
continue a horseshoe n an auction n religious official
to get your oats exp “oats” are a type an object a horse wears on its feet to a public sale to dissolve vb
of cereal. To “get your oats” can mean, protect the feet to nod vb to turn a solid into a solution
to have sex shiny adj to move your head up and down. If you to roll around phr vb
to make a mess exp bright and clean “nod” while you are awake, it is a way of to lie on the floor and to move in circles
in this case this expression means “to go a tough day exp saying yes on the ground
to the toilet” a difficult day a bid n a Praetorian guard n
to pick something up exp to send someone into exile exp an offer of a quantity of money to buy a special guard whose job was to protect
to put something in your hands and to lift to something the emperor
this thing from a surface force someone to leave a country and to a debt n to stab someone to death exp
a facial mud bath n go and live somewhere else if you have a “debt”, you must return a to kill someone by putting a knife in their
“mud” is a mixture of earth and water. a nosebag n sum of money to someone body
This can be applied to the face as a a bag with in it that a horse wears bald adj
beauty treatment with no hair on the head
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AMERICAN DRINKS AUDIO
AMERICAN DRINKS by Laura Warrell (American English spelling)

What do you drink in the morning? Some tea, perhaps, or a cup of
coffee, or just water. And what do you have during the day when
Milk
What do you give your
you’re feeling thirsty? More water. Now what about the Americans? guests when they come
What do you think they drink? to your house? A glass of
Like most things in the United States, Americans have a big choice beer, or wine? Or some
when it comes to drinks. There’s coffee, milk, juice, soft drinks and tea or coffee, perhaps?
special “diet drinks” (made with enough chemicals to exterminate Foreigners in the States
a small village), and beer. So what do Americans prefer? And when are often surprised when
do they drink it? they sit down to dinner
with an American family
Soda and are offered milk. But
Americans are well-known this is perfectly normal as
soda drinkers. Pepsi and many Americans, especially
Coca-Cola dominate the children, have milk with nearly every meal.
soda industry, though there At present, there’s an aggressive campaign to get Americans to
are smaller companies drink even more milk. It’s healthy, they say, and prevents bone
trying to compete. There’s diseases such as osteoporosis. The milk industry also scares
the basic brown cola, plus consumers by saying 88% of women and 60% of men aren’t getting
an endless supply of other enough calcium in their diets, and how 28 million people already
flavors, including orange, lime, grape and cherry. Then there are have bone diseases. Then, they push old ladies to show how easy
crystal-clear drinks like Sprite and 7-Up, and a lesser-known it is to break a limb when you’re not drinking enough milk.
product called Crystal Pepsi. For a long time, there was a series of television ads as part of
Many people blame this high soda consumption for most of the the “Got Milk” campaign. They showed famous people wearing a
country’s social problems, including obesity, heart disease and an “milk mustache” (a line of milk above their upper lip) and saying
inability to drive. Apparently, in 2000, more than 75 billion litres something meaningful about the drink. Some of the people who
of soda was consumed…. which means at least one can per day for have appeared in the videos include Britney Spears, director Spike
every man, woman and child. Lee and Sarah Michelle Gellar.

AMERICAN DRINKS
Coffee popular are Daiquiris, which are made with ice and rum, and come
Coffee is the number- in strawberry, lime and other flavors. Pina coladas are coconut
one hot drink in the US. flavoured, and mudslides are made with rum, kahlua, chocolate and
Apparently, 52 percent of ice cream.
Americans over 18 drink a Americans also love to “do shots”. A shot is a small glass of
cup of joe (coffee) regularly. alcohol that you drink in one quick gulp. Typical shots are made
The average coffee drinker with tequila, whiskey or rum. One of the most powerful shots is
drinks 3.3 cups every day; the “Kamikaze”, which is made with vodka, triple sec and lime
and many Americans can’t juice. Its green color looks wonderful on car upholstery when you
start their day without it. Regular coffee is basically a weak coffee puke it up hours later.
with hot water that some say tastes like mud.
“Gourmet” coffee is what they drink in European countries such Beer
as France, Spain and Italy, and has become more popular in the The most popular alcoholic
States with the rise of cafés like Starbucks. These cafés have drink in America is beer. In
introduced the average American to things like cappuccino and fact, the average American
espresso, as well as exotically flavored coffees. They have also drinks about 100 litres of
managed to convince Americans to spend four dollars, instead of beer a year. Americans are
the 50 cents they used to pay, on coffee mixed with things like as loyal to their beer brands
chocolate syrup, caramel and whipped cream. For many, sitting in as they are to their football
a Starbucks is like sitting in a McDonalds except that it’s green, teams. There are “Beer of
the chairs are more comfortable and it smells like coffee instead the Month” clubs, beer collectibles and even a beer cookbook,
of meat. which has recipes with beer, and recipes for foods that go well
with beer. Beer companies attract customers with provocative ads
Alcohol that usually include Swedish models in bikinis, or gorgeous girls
Americans have a poor who decide to sleep with dorks simply because of the beer they’re
attitude towards alcohol. drinking.
They don’t drink for pleasure One of the most successful beer commercials was from Budweiser.
as the French, Spanish In it, a group of friends greeted each other by happily yelling,
or Italians do. They drink “Whassup?” There were many versions of the ad, including
to get wasted, trashed, one in a karaoke club and another with Italian mafiosos. This
annihilated, bombed, helped Budweiser sales, and led to an increase of idiots crying
wrecked or just plain drunk. “whassuuuuup” every time someone said hello to them. So what
Although 21 is the legal drinking age in most states, many will you drink on your next visit to the States?
Americans begin drinking in high school because of pressure from
their friends. University is the place where most Americans start GLOSSARY
their relationship with booze. At fraternity parties, young people
soda n a café n
like to drink until their blood is replaced by alcohol and they can a bubbly drink with sugar, such as Coke, a bar where you can have hot drinks and
Pepsi, Fanta, etc food
no longer speak or walk. The real fun comes the next morning lime n to get wasted, trashed,
when they can complain about their massive hangovers and a small, green fruit similar to a lemon annihilated, bombed, wrecked exp
grape n to get very drunk
entertain their friends with stories about how they “got totally a small fruit that is used to make wine booze n
cherry n alcohol
wasted and puked all over the place”. a small, red fruit a fraternity party n US
Once they leave school and enter the workforce, Americans can crystal-clear adj a party organised by a social organisation
transparent at a university or college in America
enjoy “Happy Hour”. During Happy Hour, restaurants and bars offer lesser-known adj a hangover n
not as well known as other things the terrible pain in your head the morning
cheap drinks and food between five and nine, when the workday to blame vb after a night of drinking alcohol
ends. Business executives and other professionals think of Happy to say that someone is responsible for to puke vb inform
something to vomit
Hour as an opportunity to relax after work, get thoroughly drunk a can n fancy adj
a small, cylindrical, metal container for sophisticated
and start casual relationships with colleagues. beer, coke, etc a gulp n
to scare vb a quantity of liquid that you drink
to frighten car upholstery n
Spirits & Cocktails a limb n the material on the seats in the interior of
an arm or a leg a car
More sophisticated an ad n beer collectibles n
Americans enjoy cocktails. a piece of publicity about a product objects that you can collect and that are
a lip n related to beer
There are thousands of the part of your mouth that you use to foods that go well with beer
kiss exp
fancy names for them, meaningful adj food that is good to have with beer
but some of the most significant a dork n US inform
mud n an idiot
popular are Bloody Marys a mixture of water and earth to greet vb
the rise of exp to say hello
(vodka and tomato juice) if there is a “rise of” something, there is to yell vb
and Screwdrivers (orange an increase in that thing to shout
juice and vodka). Also

Authentic conversations by native American speakers
AUDIO
U S b a r c h a t
US BAR CHAT
This month we are going to listen to two young Americans, Kay

and Randy, who are talking about the hairstyle known as the mullet
(see picture). This hairstyle consists of long hair at the back, very
Kay:
Randy:
Kay:
MULLETS
Maybe the South, maybe in…
Maybe in the South
…maybe in 1985, I mean…
short at the sides and short and spiky at the top. Listen to the Randy: Well, so, it was big during, like, with, with musicians back
conversation and answer these questions: in the day.
Kay: So how does it make sense that somebody would get a mullet
1. What arguments are there in favour of the mullet? now?
2. What arguments are there against the mullet? Randy: Well, what’s the difference? It’s just style, style changes.
Kay: Yeah, but you wouldn’t wear like a beehive haircut, you
Kay: I’m so disgusted. Katy just got a mullet and it looks hideous. wouldn’t…
Randy: Really? Why? I think they look great! Randy: … Well, you don’t know, maybe I would.
Kay: The whole side, shortness thing with the long back. It’s so GLOSSARY
outdated.
disgusted adj the southern states of the US (Texas,
Randy: Really? People… I don’t know… people define mullets in angry, shocked Florida, Mississippi, etc)
different ways. I’ve seen some websites where they have a mullet n in 1985 exp
a hairstyle with long hair at the back, and mullets were popular in the late 1970s and
all different types of mullets. And depending on the type. short hair on the sides and at the top 1980s
outdated adj big adj
Granted, some aren’t that good-looking, but some of them old and not popular any more popular
are pretty interesting. granted exp a beehive haircut n
“I accept”, “I agree” a hairstyle with very high hair. It was
Kay: Like the spiky thing on the top with the long on the back. the spiky thing on the top exp popular with women in the 1960s
the hair on the top that is sticking up (in a
I… it doesn’t really make sense. vertical position)
Randy: I don’t… I think… I really think that depending on the person, the South n
depending on their style, depending on where they live…
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AUDIO
Dictionary of slang
DICTIONARY OF SLANG
Here we’ve got some examples of how to say things in different situations.
>
Situation Formal Relaxed Informal
You think someone is You have a very good job You’ve got a great job You’ve got a cushy job;
lucky because they have your job’s a piece of piss
an easy, relaxed and well-
paid job:
You are the owner of a There are lots of The place is full of people There are lots of
bar. You make a comment customers here tonight tonight punters in tonight;
about the number of it’s wall-to-wall;
customers in your bar: it’s heaving; it’s buzzing;
it’s up to the rafters
You greet a friend in the Hello. How is everything How’s it going? How’s it hanging? What’s
street: going? up? What’s happening?
You are talking in the Look, there is a Look, there’s a group of Look, there’s a bunch of
street and referring to a gathering of people over people over there people over there
group of people that you there
can see:
You tell someone to stop Please cease acting in a Stop being silly! Stop mucking about!
being silly: juvenile manner! Stop arsing about! Stop
messing around!
You are talking about a He is a decent chap He’s nice He’s a good bloke; he’s
friend of yours who you allright; he’s spot on;
think is very nice: he’s cool
You want to emphasise I honestly declare that I really did see it, I saw it, straight up;
the fact that something I saw it I promise I swear I saw it; I saw it,
you saw is true: no messing; I saw it, on
my life
GLOSSARY Please note that the words in this glossary box are literal translations of parts of idiomatic expressions.
wall-to-wall adj this is the noise that insects make when they are flying to greet vb
“wall-to-wall carpeting” is a carpet (a large piece of the rafters n to say hello to someone
material) that covers all the floor from one wall to another long, horizontal pieces of wood that support a roof (the top to mess (around) phr vb
to buzz vb part of a house) to act in a silly or irritating way

AUDIO
In The News...
IN THE NEWS
Japanese Names
If you had a child now, what name would you like to call it? John, Mary,
Steven, Susan, James, Sarah, Charles? Those are some of the more common
names in the English-speaking world. However, in Japan, parents have been
giving their children all sorts of names, including Beetle, Sardine, Cancer,
Dung, Who, Turnip and Spider. Incredible? Yes. And even more surprising
is the fact that the Japanese government has agreed to all of them.
Traditionally, most Japanese names have meanings related to character
traits. Some typical ones used to be “Fortitude” and “Strength” for men;
and “Grace” and “Beauty” for women. But unusual names have been on the
rise in recent years, as parents want originality instead of tradition.
As professor Masachi Osawa of the Kyoto University has said:
“People should be free to choose. I am in favour of a broader range
of options.”
Gorillas On TV
Staff at the Dallas zoo in Texas have come up with a very original
way of entertaining their gorillas: allowing them to watch DVDs.
And it’s working. Brian, a 14-year-old mountain gorilla, was
diagnosed as clinically depressed. But now he’s much better and he
can’t get enough of the TV. His favourite programmes are cartoons
and National Geographic documentaries.
“We tried to put on sports programmes, but he didn’t like them.
GLOSSARY
At first we thought it might generate aggressive behaviour, but he a beetle n
a small insect with a hard covering
really wasn’t interested,” said Erin McDougal, one of his keepers. on its back
The gorillas are also fond of Disney cartoons, with a sardine n
a type of small fish that we eat. They
The Little Mermaid, The Lion King and Beauty and the Beast on their are often sold in tins
dung n
list of favourites. excrement from cows, horses, etc
“They don’t follow the story, of course,” McDougal added. “But they a turnip n
a big yellow vegetable that is similar
like the music, the colour and all the movement.” to a potato
a character trait n
one part of your personality
fortitude n
the quality of being brave, calm and
strong
on the rise exp
It’s All A Beer increasing

a broader range of options exp
more things to choose from; more
A police officer is facing dismissal for an unusual offence: drinking police evidence. “They told me options
to entertain vb
to go to destroy some confiscated property,” said 28-year-old officer Mark Lake. “And that’s what I to do interesting things to make
did. And so what if I drank it? It got destroyed, didn’t it?” Lake said during a press conference. someone happy; to give food and
organise games, etc
In total, officer Lake drank 84 cans of beer, which had been confiscated by police after a raid on to diagnose vb
if a doctor “diagnoses” an illness, he
an under-aged drinking party. or she identifies the illness
“There was no crime committed,” says Lake’s lawyer, Simon Buze, who is threatening to sue to he can’t get enough of… exp
“he wants more and more of…”
get Murphy reinstated. “Turning beer to urine is acceptable destruction of stolen property, in my fond of exp
if you are “fond of” some-thing, you
opinion,” he added. really like that thing
a can n
a metal container for drinks such as
beer and Coca Cola
a raid n
if the police “raid” a party, the police
go to the party to arrest people
an under-aged drinking party exp
a party with many young people
(under 18) who are drinking. In many
states in America, you cannot drink
alcohol until you are 21
to threaten vb
to promise to do something bad to
someone
to reinstate vb
if they “reinstate” you, they permit
you to return to your job
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PHRASALVERBS FALL
The verb “to fall” has many different uses. Generally, we use this verb to describe movement down
PHRASALVERBS
towards the ground. For example: “He fell while he was dancing.” Now let’s see some phrasal verbs
with the verb “to fall”.
Fall through
If a plan “falls through”, it goes wrong and cannot be
Fall for completed.
If you “fall for” someone, you start to love that person. “If you don’t score 60 points in 10 minutes, our plans
“Don’t tell anyone, but I think I’ve fallen for you.” for victory will fall through.”
Fall for (a trick or joke)

If you “fall for” a joke, you are the victim of a joke,
and you believe the joke.
Fall out “A fishing line with a hook and a worm on the end of it!
If you “fall out” with someone, you stop being friends with
I can’t believe they think we’d fall for that old trick.”
that person.
“Hey, son. Why don’t you go cycling with Johnny?”
“You must be joking! We’ve fallen out; and besides, he’s a
self-centred, egomaniacal narcissist.”
Fall behind
If you “fall behind” on something, you have too much
Fall back on work and the work starts to accumulate
If you can “fall back on” something, you can use that thing “Yes, yes, I know we were supposed to finish the
in an emergency. building work three months ago. Yes, yes, we have
“My partner, Jane, lost our month’s salary in the casino last fallen behind a bit, but don’t worry, we’re working on it
night; but don’t worry, we’ve got this money to fall back on.” right now.”

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Answers & scripts

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ANSWERS
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2. They hit it hard = they hi tit hard. 3. There’s an area for relaxing. Finance
3. She let us go = she le tus go. 4. There are two discos on the Financial Director
4. Put it away! = pu ti taway! lower deck. Leigh Dante (00 34 91 549 8523)
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9. They have drunk it all = they are and what they’re doing.
have drun ki tall. 1. I’m on a cruise ship in the
10.They have sung a song = they Teacher Coordinator
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LISTENING: CITY VISIT theatre. There are shows in the BUSINESS DIALOGUES
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P: Where are we meeting again? bars on the ship too, so you can of them is ill. 9:00 - 2pm (by e-mail thereafter)
M: 2pm at Marco’s - it’s an Italian sit outside and have a drink and 2. They both want the desk next Office hours 10am to 6pm (Spanish time)
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The number-one magazine for learning and teaching English!

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Wherever your company is based, we can help.

magazine for learning 20 16 Useful Idioms For Work &

35 Wordsearch & Matching

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38 Living Abroad - Charlie in Italy

Advanced (CEF level: C1)

For great private language classes, e-mail classes@learnhotenglish.com / www.learnhotenglish.com / 3

In this section Dr Fingers identifies and corrects typical errors…

ERROR CORRECTION CLINIC

4 For fantastic Video-Phone classes, e-mail classes@learnhotenglish.com / www.learnhotenglish.com /

Irregular Participles Listen & Repeat Exercise

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a hotel the underground a skyscraper a restaurant a museum a pub

a traffic jam traffic lights a sign an alley a building a theatre

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THREE GREAT HOLIDAY DESTINATIONS!

Listen and repeat:

Discussion Ask and answer the questions.

Weak sounds: a, are

Listen and repeat these sentences with weak sounds.

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Two Jokes: The Horse & The Ring

Jim: So, have you heard any good jokes recently?

Sam: Yeah, that’s just as bad as mine. Yeah.

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idioms you learn and remember over

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14 / www.learnhotenglish.com / Looking for a quality English-language course abroad? Contact classes@learnhotenglish.com

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Have fun listening to these two. (answers on page 50)

Crank Call I - The Party Crank Call II - The Gym

Hot: Oh, OK, bye.

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Sonia: Yes, I keep exotic pets - I find it reduces my stress levels

FOR WORK &

1 A cash cow 2 At a premium 3 To bite the bullet 4 Pull your weight

16 USEFUL IDIOMS FOR WORK & BUSINESS!

In some cases, you can guess

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1 Gap-fill exercise 2 Sentence completion

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Additional Notes For Advanced Students

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name on the plaque is smaller than yours.

George Washington’s favourite horse was named Lexington;

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To call off the dogs

to find out phr vb

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