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    16 views34 pages

    Kiến thức THPT

    Uploaded by

    Thanh Tùng Trần

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 34
    SOHQCVADAISO | 1) GIA TRI TUYET DOI x khi x20 |x20,vreR =x khi x<0 a . x>a V6i a>0 tacd |xpae |x| =(a-b)(a’ +ab +b’) Cac hing ding thire mé rong (a+b) =a" +4a°b +6a°h’ +4ab’ +b* (a+b)! =a‘ —4a°h +6a°b? —4ab? +b" (at+b+c) =a +b’ +c +2ab+2be+2ca a’ -1=(a-I(a"' +a"? +...+a+l) a" —b" =(a—b)(a"' +a"b +...+ab"? +5") 4) CAN BAC HAI VA conghia > A20 Va =A VA20,VA V#B + A\VB voi B>0 AB =F in [O>4 JAB = ANB na (es ff VA, [A420 ic VA, [AsO = =X néu — =~ néu B VB B>o B V-B B<0 5) TAM THUC BAC HAI 1) Nghigm cia phuong trinh bac hai ax” +bx-+¢=0(a#0) Dat A=b° —4dac © Néu A <0 thi phuong trinh v6 nghiém © Néu A=0 thi phuong trinh cé nghiém kép x= & A © Néu A>0 thi phuong trinh cé hai nghiém phan biét x,, =— v 8 Daic biét: Neu a+b+c=0 phweong trinh c6 hai nghiém x, =1, x, =— aia ale Néu a—b+c=0 phwong trinh cé hai nghiém x, =I, x, =~ 2) Dinh li Vi-ét Goi x,,x, la hai nghiém ciia phuong trinh ax’ +bx-+¢=0(a#0) tacd Sex, tye P=xx, =" . a a M6t sé trudng hop ap dung Vi-ét ap $a} = (x, +4,) -2x,x, =S?-2P MP) = 0% FAVA HH +3) = (4 +4)[ (+) 3x, ]= S(S? -3P) af txts (af $x 20505)? =[(a ty)? 2p, | (ayy)? = (8? -2P)? - 2? S- ore Gn) VO, -4) =f, a —4x,x, =VS? -4P 3) Dau ciia nghiém Phuong trinh bac hai: ax? +bx + =0 (a#0) 06 hai nghiém phan biét: — A>0 pe a8 Cing diu = Trai diu @ P=x,x, <0 P=xx,>0 A>0 A>0 Hai nghiém duong © 4S=x,+x,>0 Hai nghiém am @ 4S =x, +x, <0 P=x,x,>0 P=x,x,>0 4) Dau ciia tam thite bac hai f(x)= ax? +bx+0 (a#0) « Néu A<0 thi f(x) cing dau véihé sé a, Vx « Néu A=0 thi f(x) cling dau véi hé sé a, Vx # = a © Néu A>0, goi hai nghiém la x,,x, (x, 0,vr @ 1” A<0 a>0 AsO flxy0 A>0 x, 0 a0 Sew Sy 2 2 sccpen 0 [MO een

    0 A>0 af(a)>0 af(a)>0 an0 af (B)<0 s a<7 <8 6) HE PHUONG TRINH BAC NHAT Néu D#0 hé c6 nghiém duy nhat x =o, y= Néu D=0 + Néu D, #0 hoac D, #0 thi hé v6 nghiém +Néu D, =D, =0 thi hé cd v6 s6 nghiém 7) PHUONG TRINH - BAT PHUONG TRINH 1) Phuong trinh chira can Az0 B20 Vannes {t VA=VBe [20 2) Bat phuong trinh chira cin Az0 2 VA0 VA< Bes} B20 ABe : VA2>Be) A>B ADB B20 B20 B20 VA>VBo A>B 3) Phuong trinh c6 dau gid tri tuyét d6i B20 |4=Beo |4|=[B| o A=4B A=4B 4) Bat phuong trinh cé dau gia tri tuyét déi B>o B20 |4Beo [Az Be A>B A2B A<-B AS-B [42 |B] <4 > B? 5) Phuong trinh chira cdn va dau gia tri tuyét ddi VA=|B)o A=B 6) Bat phuong trinh chira can va dau gia tri tuyét doi VA>|Blo 4>B VA2|Blo A>B Viste Lisle {ie A0,B<0 A B A0 8) BAT DANG THUC 1) Bat dang thite Cosi (AM-GM) Cho x,y 20 thi xty22yy. Dau “=” xay ra x=y Mo rong: 2) Bat dang thire Bunhiacopski Cho 4 s6 thie a,,a, va b,,b,. Ta cb 2 2 2 (ab, +4,b,) <(a; +a; )(e + b) Dau “=” xay ra 4.4 b, b, Mé rng: Cho hai b6 s6 thure (4,4,,...,4,,) va (b,,b),....5,), mi bd gdm n 86 (ab, +4,b, +...+.4,b,), <(q +a +.ta2) (bf +b; +..+b}) Dau “=” xay ra Goh. ao bb, b, 3) Bat dang thie Trébusep (Chebyshev) Cho hai day a, >a,>...2a, va b,>b,2...25, thi n(a,b, + a,b, +...+.4,b,) 2 (a, +a, +...+.4,)(b, +b, +...+6,) Dau “=” xay ra fr Néu a, 2a, 2...24, va b, $b, S... 1+cot* tanx.cotx =1 cos’ x © Céng thire nhan déi 2tanx sin2x =2sinx.cosx tan 2x = = tan? x cos2x = 1-2sin’ x = 2cos*x-1 = cos’ x—sin’ x ¢ Céng thire nhin ba sin3x =3sinx—4sin’ x cos3x = 4c0s' x-3cosx 3tan.x tan’ x n r tan3x = ————— = tan| —— x ].tan x. tan] —+x 1-3tan* x 3 3 3cotx - cot’ x cot3x = ———— 1-3cot* x sin nor = 2sin(n—I)a.cosa —sin(n—2)ar cosna = 2cos(n —1)a.cosa — cos(n—2)a © Cong thire ha bac 2 =cos2x 1+cos2x sin’ xX = ————_ =——_—— 2 2 3. 3sinx—sin3x 3 3cosx+cos3x sin’ x= cos’ x = 4 4 cos4x +4cos2x +3 sin‘ x —=«” 8 > 1-cos2x 1+cos2x tan? x =—0S* = 00s k 1+cos2x 1-cos2x eA oe: . x Biéu dién sin x, cos.x, tanx, cotx theo t=tan> 2 1-7 21 = cosx=— tanx=—, l+t l+0 I-t sinx = cotx © Céng thie cong sin(x + y) =sin x.cos y+cosx.sin y sin(x- y) =sinx.cos y —cosx.sin y cos(x + y) =cosx.cos y—sinx.sin y cos(x ~ y)=cosx.cos y+ sinx.sin y tan(x+y)= tanx+tany cot(x +p) =Sote-coty =I 1-tanx.tan y cot y+cotx tan(x-y)= tanx—tany cot(x— yy = Sotzcoty +1 1+tanx.tan y cot y—cotx © Céng thire bién doi tich thanh tong sin x.sin y= loos = y)-cos(x+y)] cosx.cos y= ploostx -y)+cos(x + y)] sinx.cos y = lain —y)+sin(x+y)] cosx.sin y= : ~sin(x- y)+sin(x + »)| tanx.tan y= nner tay cotx +coty © Céng thire bién déi tong thanh tich - . _ Xt - sinx +sin y= 2sin~ cos +08 = 2eos~** cos" sin —sin y= 20s i cosx—cos y=—2sin= 5 sin tanx-+tan y= +)) cotx +coty = SiN&+H) cosx.cos y sinx.sin y tanx—tany ==) cotx—cot y= S8V=) cosx.cos y sinx.sin y © Cong thite dic biét khie sinx +cosx = sin{ x42) = Vieo{ x-=) l+sinx = 2cos’| 7-~ 1-sinx = 2sin?| 7-* 42 4 2 1tsin2x = (sinx+cosx)? © Cée cung lién két: Déi - Ba — Phu - Hon kém 73 — sin(—x) =—sinx .(t sin] ——x |=cosx (5 } .(@ sin( Ex) =coss © Céng thire nghigm x=atk2r =n-atk2r cosx=cosa > x=ta+h2r sinx =sina of Dac biét sinx=0 a x=kz sinx=Leox=F 442 - 1 sinx=—leox=—— + kOe © Gid tri lwgng gide = 2 cos(—x) = cosx 1 . cos| ——x |=sinx (5 ) r z oo = + *) =-sinx cos(m — x) cos(z +X) —cosx —cosx tanx= tana x=at+kr cotx=cotacsx=atkr cosx=Oe9 x= 5+ ke cosx=le>x=k2r cosx=-leexa=at+k2r D6 | 0 | 30° | 45° | 60° | 90° | 120° | 135° 150° |_ 180° are ao [2/22 /2/2|£|£] 2 6/4 /3|2] 3 4 | 6 sn |o | L)/ 2/8) ,)/ 8/2 1) og 2| 2 | 2 2 2_| 2 Cos 1 MB) et o| + 2) NB -1 2/2 | 2 2 2 | 2 1 1 T o}z}] 1 -¥3 | -1 |-] 0 ‘an B NB | o | -3 B 1 1 rR 1 - -l - Cot o |B BE 0 B 3B 2 Céng thire chuyén d6i don vi tir a” sang x radian va nguge lai a 180° x= 1 a’ =~ 180° = 12) KHAO SAT VA VE DO THI HAM SO 1) Dong bién, nghich bién * Dinh nghia, Cho him sé y= f(x) xéc dinh trén khoang (a;b) Néu (eS re) Wx, x, € (a;b) thi f(x) dong bién trén (a:b) . [x0 Vxe(a;b) thi f(x) dong bién trén (a:b) Néu f(x) <0 Vxe(a;b) thi f(x) nghich bién trén (a:b) 2) Cye tri Cho ham sé y= f(x) c6 dao ham cap I va cap II tai x =x, . (x) =0 Ham s6 dat cue tri tai xy Jo) ; . (ay f'(x)doidau khixdiquax, a ok ae f'(%)=0 Ham s6 dat cute dai taixo <= 4". (2) f"Q)<0 . (x) =0 Ham s6 dat cue tigu taixy > 47° 6) S"%)>0 Chi y: Diéu kign dé ham sé bac ba y=ax +bx° +ex+d (a#0) cé ewe tri ld phwong trinh y'=0 c6 hai nghiém phan biét 3) Tiép tuyén © Cho ham sé y= f(x) c6 d6 thi (C). Goi M(xy;),) 1 diém thude (C), Phuong trinh tiép tuyén cua (C) tai M c6 dang Y= fMA~%) + LO) Trong 6 f'(x,) la hé s6 géc ciia tiép tuyén tai diem tiép xtc M © Diéu kign dé ham sé y= f(x) tiép xtic voi ham sé y = g(x) 1a hé phurong trinh sau cé nghiém { f(x) = g(x) F()=8'@) 4) Ve dé thi ham sé chira du gid tri tuyét d6i © Dang 1: Cho ham sé y= f(x) c6 d6 thi (C). Tir dé suy ra d6 thi cua ham s6 (C,): y= |fO) 5) Tacs coenavel? ren yo -y neuy<0 Do do do thi (C,): y, =|f(x)| gom 2 phan dé thi: + Phan 1: La phan d6 thi (C): y= f(x) nam phia trén Ox + Phan 2: La phan dé thi (C): y= f(x) nim phia duéi Ox lay déi xing quaOx Dang 2: Dra vao dé thi ham s6 (C): y= f(x). Tit do suy ra dé thi cita ham s6 C):,= fx) a / Nhan xét: (C,):y, = f(/x|) la ham s6 chin nén nhan Oy lam truc déi xing . , f(x) neux>0 Ta 06: (C,):9, =stx={ . Sf (-x) neu x<0 Do dé (C,):y, = f (|x|) 062 phan dé thi + Phan 1: La phan d6 thi cua (C): y= f(x) nam bén phai Oy + Phan 2: La phan d6 thi 6 phan 1 lay doi ximg qua Oy Dang 3: Dua vao 46 thi ham sé (C):y = f(x) suy ra dé thi cia ham sé b= 70) Nhfin xét: Néu M (x;y) €(C,) => M(%;-¥) € (C3) Nén (C,):|),|= f(x) nhan Ox lam true doi ximg Ta 06 (C;):[ys|= 7 => y, =y néu y Do do d6 thi (C,) gom cé 2 phan do thi + Phan 1: La phan d6 thi cia (C): y= f(x) nam phia trén Ox + Phan 2: La phan do thi 6 phan 1 lay ddi ximg qua Ox néu y>0 Bo sung ly thuyét Phan giae géc phan tu thir I, Ila y=. Phan giéc ge phan tw thir II, IV la y=-x. Phuong trinh trac Ox:y=0, phuong trinh true Oy:x=0 Cho hai dong thing d,: y=k,x +b, va d,: y=k,x+, k=k, d, Ld, © k,ky=-1 a/ld, 2 [ize Géc tao béi hai during thing d, va d,: Cho duong thing d:ax +by+e=0. Hai diém A(x,;y,) va Bry ¥,) Nam vé hai phia true Ox eo Vy <0 Nam vé hai phia trac Oy ° XX, <0 Nam vé hai phia dong thang d Nam cung phia true Ox Nam cung phia truc Oy Nam cing phia duong thang d Cach déu truc Ox Cach déu truc Oy Cach déu duong thang d Cach déu diém I D6i ximg nhau qua d Déi ximg nhau qua phan gidc I, II D6i xing nhau qua phan giac II, IV Dé6i ximg nhau qua diém M 1 doe0tg od D (ax, +by, +c)(ax, +by, +c)< 0 ViV_ >0 XX >0 (ax, +by, +c)(ax, +by, +c) >0 IVa al Vp | Ix, A Xp | taxa (Ald) IA=IB led laa (i =Yz Va =p {* =—Vp V4 Xp M latrung diém A, B (Bid) 13) DAO HAM © Dinh nghia dao ham Cho ham s6 y = f(x) xAc dinh trén khong (a, b), x, €(a,5). Cho xo mét s6 gia Ax. Dat Ay=f(x,+Ax)- f(a). Néu ton tai. gigi han Ax)- tim 4Y = jim £00+ 4-200) sy; gigi han ny durge goi la dgo ham cia ham Arso Ay ro Ar sé y = f(x) tai diém xo. Ky hiéw: f°(x%)= tim 22 = jim LO0*#4)- Fo) Aro0 Ay 4x0 Ax © Cfc quy tic tinh dao ham (cuy = cu! (c=const) (utv)'=u'tv' (uy)! =u'v-an () ees v v © Bang dgo him (x")'=x (u")'= mu!" (sin x)'=cos.x (sinw)'=u'.cosu (cos.x)'=—sinx (cosu)'=—u'.sinw (tan.x)'=—— = 1+ tan’ x =(I+tan?u).u' 0s" x 1, i 2 (cotx)'=-—— = (1+ cot” x) (cotu)'=— _ =-(1+cot?u).u' sin” xX sin u (eyae" (Cy eetn' (a‘)'=a*.Ina (a")'=u'a".Ina (inxy'=t x (Inuy'=" u 1 log, x)'=——_ (tog, ) xIna u log, u)'=—— (log, 1) ai 14) NGUYEN HAM © Dinh nghia Cho ham y = f(x) xac dinh trén khoang (a, b). Ta goi F(x) 14 m6t nguyén ham ctia f(x) trén khoang (a, b) néu F"(x) = f(x) Vx e(a,b). Ky hieu: j f(x)dv = F(x) +C (C la hang s6) © Tinh chit J de =k] fOodx Jf #g@)]ae =] fO)dr tf g(a y . Céng thite tich phan timg phan fudv =[uv] - | vd ¢ Bang nguyén ham x"dx= +C (n#-l) ntl 4 ma (ax+6y'de =A 5c (n#-1) dL aeein|x|4C x 1 axtbh dead in| ar+b|4C a sinxdx =—cosx +C cosxdx =sinx+C sin(ax+b)dr=— cos(ax +b)+C a cos(ar+b)dr =+sin(ax-+b)+C a 1 Bang nguyén ham mé rong dx =—cotx+C eb ottar +5) + x sin’ (ax +b) a dx =tanx+C ted tantax +0) + cos? x cos*(av+b) a e'dx=e"+C ede ade ac a ade= 2-40 amNgy 1 Ina m Ina Took —S, ==areTan=+e x +a a a 2 2 x a me Va =x de= sve -x* +Saresin= +e a dx 4X —— = areSin—+¢ a Vie thde= = Phe afer Verh] +6 a dx =infesale rhe Vx +h 15) MU - LOGARIT Ki hiéu viét tat vax a(eyP log" x =(log, x)" Igx = log.x = log, x Inx = log, x Tirdo: —Ig10" =log10" =Ine" =n 1) Cong thire mi Diéu kién xac dinh: x" xc dinh > x20 xt ex™ Say (x"" =x" 1, 5 _ot afl xy x" =o* Gy) =x" y (:) a x yy oy 2) Céng thite logarit pS od anit x>0 Diéu kién xac dinh: log, x xac dinh <=> a>0,a¥l log, x=b > x=a" log,1=0 log, a=1 , 1 oese — cbtse log, x" =nnlog, x log ,, x= —log, x Pte = cles n log.b log, b= log, b=log, c.log. b log, b= Ee" log, a log.a log, (xy) =log, x + log, y te,(=} =o, sto, y Cha y quan trong log, x” = 2nlog, |x| voi n nguyén duong va x #0 log, x = Fo. véi n nguyén dong va a# {0:1} na 3) Chiéu bién thién yaa Y=log, x a>l Dong bién Dong bién a0 (a-D[f@)-g()]>0 Phuong trinh, bat phuong trinh logarith 0 0 (hoac g(x) >0) F(x) = g(x) O00 g(x) >0 (a-I[f@)- ge)]>0 log, f(x) > log, g(x) = 16) SOPHUC 1) Dinh nghia Cho s6 phite z=a+bi, voi ? =-1 Phan thy: a Modul Phan ao: b S6 phite lién hop: Chay: =I ep Mey © Cac phép tinh Cho hai s6 phite z, =a, +i va z, =a, +b,i 2,42, = (4, +4) +(b, +b,)i 272) =(4,- 4) +(b,-b,)i 212, = (aya, —bP,) + (a), + a,b (ty tbh) (Gh aby . a a, +b; 2) Dang lugng gidc cua s6 phire cosp == V6i z=a+bi, dat r=|z]=Va? +b? va géc @ (rad) thoa man h sing =— , Ta cd: z=r(cosg+ising) la dang lung giac cia sb phite trén. © Cac phép tinh Cho hai s6 phite z, = 7,(cosa, +isina,) va z, =r,(cosa, +isina,) 2,2, =" [cos(a, +a@,) +isin(a, +a, | A. Afeostay — a) +isin(a, — a,)] a =, {; 7 (keZ) 4 =H eos(-9) +isin(-9)] Q=9,+k2n 4 Céng thite Moa-vro [r(cosar + isina)]" =r"(cosna+isinna) WneZ* Can bac n ctia sé phire az = di cos® +s +isin 2 in) voi k= On-1 ) Cac cong thre khic : z+z=2a =a 4, 2.2, = 2.2 ols= 2) 2, arg(z,.z,) =argz, +argz, M@ rong: Can bac hai ciia s6 phire Cho s6 phite z=a+bi. Néu co s6 phite a sao cho z=a” thi a duge goi li cin bac hai cua z Va +h +a Va +h -a Néu b>0, cdc cin bachaictazla a=+ et a Va +b +a ] Va’ +b -a 2 2 Néu b<0, cac cin bachaictazla a@=+ HOC 1) CONG THUC TRONG TAM GIAC Ki hiéu a,b,c: DO dai cac canh BC,CA, AB Ryr: Ban kinh duong tron ngoai tiép, ndi tiép P: Nua chu vi m,,h, DO dai dung trung tuyén, dung cao ké tir A 1) Hé thire lwong trong moi tam gidc b’ +c? —2becos A 1 Ssawe =z = sabsin C= sae sin B= sbesin A 2 2 2 a abe ° 4k =pr =VP(p—a(p—b\(p—e) 2) Hé thie Iuong trong tam gidc vuéng AB? = BH.BC AC? =CH.BC A BC? = AB’ + AC? 1 1 1 = + AH* AB’ AC? B H HH? = BH.CH AB.AC = BC.AH 3) Tinh chat cic dudng trong tam gide A G la trong tam tam giac ABC GM_1 GM_1 AG _2 GA 2 238 AM 3 B c M D, E la chan duong phan giac trong va ngoai A cua tam giac ABC DB _AB DG AG 7 5 7 - 4) M6t so dinh nghia Trong tam: la giao diém cua ba dung trung tuyén trong tam giac. Truc tam: li giao diém cita ba dudng cao trong tam giac. Tam dudng tron ndi tiép: 1a giao diém ciia ba duong phan gidc trong tam gidc. Tam duong tron ngoai tiép: la giao diém cua ba duong trung true trong tam gidc. Néu tam gidc vung thi tim duong tron ngoai tiép 1a trang diém canh huyén. 2) PHUONG PHAP TOA DO TRONG MAT PHANG 1) Hé toa dé trong mat phang 10) j(051) i ij=0 2) Vecto Cho hai vecto a =(a,;a,)va b = (b,;,) © Dinh nghia a=(434,) oa=aita,j * Tinh chat D6 dai vecto Tong, hiéu hai vecto a+b =(a, +b, a,+b,) Nhan voi s6 thye k ka = (ka,; ka,) 5 eo =, Hai vecto bang nhau a=b o ae a,=5, a cling phurong 5 3kER sao cho a=kb & ab, =a,h, Tich v6 huéng hai vecto ab = le i cos (4) = ab +a,b, ¥ b, +a,b, Géc gitta hai vecto cos (a,b) a A = Gi Vega 6p BP © Ung dung Hai vecto vuéng goc alboab=0 A.B, C thing hang AB cung phuong AC <= AB=kAC ABCD 1a hinh binh hanh AB =DC Dién tich tam giée ABC 3) Toa dé cia diém Cho hai diém A(x,;y,) va BOty;),) © Dinh nghia A(x,5y,) @ OA=x,1+ 4] © Tinh chat Toa do AB AB = (X_~X 599 ~Yu) D6 dai doan AB AB =|ABl = (%,—%,) #04 -¥° 4) Trung diém I cia AB pee a Xp tXyt Xo Na 3 Toa dé trong tam A4BC of M chia AB theo ti sok MA=kMB = M Phuong trinh dudng thing Dinh nghia Vecto n(a;b) #0 cé gid vudng géc voi dudng thing A Ia vecto phap tuyén cia A Vecto u(a;b) #0 cé gid song song voi dung thang A Ia vecto chi phuong ciia A Phuong trinh tong quat duong thang A di qua diém M(x,;y,) va c6 VIPT n(a;b) : A:a(x~%,)+b(9~ Jp) =0 Phuong trinh tong quat dudng thang ax+by+c=0 (voi a’ +h? 40) Phuong trinh tham s6 dudng thing A di qua diém M(x,;y,) c6 VTCP u(a;b) _[x=X tat {} = yy) tt Phuong trinh chinh tic duong thing A di qua diém M(xy;yy) c6 VICP u(a;b) At = L a 2 : Néu a=0 hoae b=0 thi dudng thing khdng cé phuong trinh chinh tie — (véi ab #0) Phuong trinh doan chin: Duong thang A di qua hai diém A(a;0), B(0;b) ater (v6i ab #0) a Cac trurdng hop dic biét Truc Ox Truc Oy A//Oy PT tong quat y=0 A:ix=n i x=t x=n PT Chinh tac { A { y=0 ye Vj tri tong d6i ciia hai duang thang Cho hai dong thang A,:a,x+by+¢,=0 va A, :a,x+b,y+c,=0 Toa dé giao diém ciia A, va A, la nghiém cua hé phuong trinh ax+bhyt+c,=0 {oer =0 Tir do: « A, cat A, <> —hé cd nghiém duy nhat - A, //A, © hécé vé nghiém - A sA, © _ héc6 v6 sé nghiém Dic biét: Néu a,, b,, c, déu khac 0, ta cd - AcitA, © - A//lA, © - A, =A ° 5) Khoang cach va gée © Cho M(x,,;y,,), dung thing A: ax+by+c=0. Khoang cach tir diém M dén A d(M:A)= lax,, +by,, +¢ Va +b © Cho hai diém M(x,5y,,), N(xysyy) va dung thang A: ax +hy+c=0 Hai diém M, N nam cing phia d6i voi A khi (ax,, +by,, +e)(axy +byy +c) >0 Hai diém M, N nam khac phia di voi A khi (ax,, +by,, +e)(axy +byy +e) <0 © Cho hai dudng thing cé phuong trinh A,:ax+by+e,=0 va A,:ax+b,yt+c,=0 Phuong trinh hai duong phan giac cua cac goc tao boi A, va A, co dang axtbhy+q partys =0 Va +h) VG +b; Géc tao boi hai dung thang trén faa, +b] cos(A,;A, SS 6) Phwong trinh dong tron ¢ Phuong trinh dung tron tim /(x,;y,), ban kinh R: (x-x,) +(y-y,) =R? © Phuong trinh tong quat ciia duong tron: x + y? +2ax+2by+e=0 (a’ +b? >c) c6 tam /(-a;-b), ban kinh R= Va* +b? -¢ © Duong thang A 1a tiép tuyén cua dung tron tim |, bankinh RR: d(J;A)=R 7) Dudng Elip © Cae yéu té cia Elip 2 Phuong trinh elip: + (a>b>0) a Dat Pp? Tiéu cu: FF, =2c (e>0) Toa dé hai tiéu diém: F(-c;0), F,(c;0) 4 D6 dai truc lon AA, =2a D6 dai truc nho BB, =2b Tam sai: (0 2 Phuong trinh hypebol: = = a =I. Dat 2 $b? Tiéu cu: Toa d6 hai tiéu diém: D6 dai truc thre: DO dai truc do: Phuong trinh tiém can: Tam sai: Duong chuan: Phuong trinh tiém can: M(x;y) la diém bat ki trén hypebol: IMF, +MF,|=2a MF, =a+ex MF, =-(a+ ex) MF, =-a+ex MEF, =—-(-a+ ex) ¢ Phuong trinh tiép tuyén voi hypebol tai diém M (%)3.%) € (A): (A): Zot a =1 a ¢ Dudng thang (A): Ax + By +C =0 a tiép tuyén ctia hypebol (H) = 4’a’ - B’b? =C? 9) Duong parabol + 0.1000 { #<0,t000 | ¢ Cac yéu t6 cua Parabol Phuong trinh parabol: y> =2px (p>0) Toa dé tiéu diém F: (£0) Duong chuan: (A): x+F=0 ¢ Phuong trinh tiép tuyén v6i parabol tai diém M (X93¥9) € (P) la: (A): Hoy = P(X +%) Duong thang (A): Ax + By +C =0 la tiép tuyén cua parabol (P) = B’p=24C 3) HINH HQC KHONG GIAN 1) Ce dinh nghia Giao tuyén: Hai mat phang cat nhau theo mét duong thang thi dung thang d6 dugc goi li giao tuyén ciia hai mat phing. Hinh chop déu la hinh chop c6 day da giéc déu va cic canh bén bang nhau. 2) Ching minh ba duong thing a,b,c dong quy Tim ba mat phang (P), (Q), (R) sao cho a=(P)O(Q), b=(Q)A(R), €=(R)A(P) 3) Ching minh hai dudng thing vudng goc a Lb © (Dinh nghia — 1r97): Néu mét dudng thang vudng géc voi mot mat phang thi no sé vuéng goc véi moi dudng thang nam trong mat phang do. . . bc(P) Tim mat phang (P) sao cho >alb al(P) © Néu mét dudng thang vudng géc véi mét trong hai dong thang song song thi vudng g6c voi duong thing cén lai Tim duong thang c sao cho {ne ° =>alb ¢ (Nhan xét tr 94): Mt durong thang vudng g6c voi mét trong hai duéng thing song song thi vuéng géc véi durong thing con lai a//a' Tim hai dong thang a’ va b' sao cho b//b' > ab aib © (Tinh chdit 5 tr 99): Cho dudng thang a va mat phing (P) song song véi nhau. Dudng thing nao vudng gdc véi (P) thi cling vudng gdc voi a. : /KP ‘Tim mat phing (P) sao cho (7) =, a tp b1(P) ¢ (Dinh ly 3 — tr100): Cho dudng thang a khong vung goc voi mat phing (P) va during thing b nam trong (P). Khi 46, diéu kign can va dit dé b vudng goc voi a la b vuéng goc voi hinh chiéu ctia a’ cla a trén (P). Tim hinh chiéu a’ cua a xudng (P), néu a' Lb > aLb 4) Ching minh dudng thang vudng géc voi mat phang d L(P) © inh ly 1— 17 97): Néu dudng thang d vudng géc voi hai dung thang cat nhau ava b cing nam trong mat phang (P) thi duong thang d vudng goc (P). . ld Tim hai duong thing ac(P) va b<(P) sao cho rig =d1(P) © (Tinh chdt 3 — tr 98): Mat phing nao vudng gc voi mét trong hai duong thang song song thi ciing vudng géc voi duong thang con lai. ‘ d/id' Tim dung thing d’ sao cho =>dl(P) a'1(P) © (Tinh chat 4 — ir 99): Duong thing ndo vudng géc v6i mét trong hai mat phang song song thi cing vudng goc véi mat phang con lai. : P)/MQ) Tim mat phang (Q) sao cho { 12) a LP) d1@Q) * (inh I 3~ tr 106): Néu hai mat phiing (P) va (Q) vudng gée nhau thi bat ct duong thang d nao nam trong (Q), vudng géc véi giao tuyén cita (P) va (Q) déu vudng géc voi mat phang (P). dcQ) Tim mit phing (Q) sao cho 4(Q) L(P) => L(P) dL(P)A@) © (Hé qua 2 ~ tr 107): Néu hai mat phang cat nhau va cing vudng gée voi mat phang thitc ba thi giao tuyén cua ching vudng g6c voi mat phing thir ba. (a) L(P) Tim hai mat phang (a) va (B) sao cho 4(B)1(P) =d1(P) d=(a)a(B) 5) Chimg minh hai mit phing vudng géc (?) 1 (Q) © @inh by 2— tr 105): Néu mot mat phing chira mét dudng thing vudng géc véi mot mat phang khac thi hai mat phing 46 vudng géc voi nhau. i : : c(P) Tim dudng thang d sao cho {c 10 => (P)L@Q) 6) Khai niém goe © Goc giita hai dung thing d, va d, la g6c gitta hai dudng thang d,' va d,' cing di qua mét diém va lan luot song song (hoac tring) voi d, va d,. * Cho dung thang d khong vudng goc (P), goc giita duéng thing d va mat phing (P) la géc gitta duong thang d va hinh chiéu d’ ciia d trén (P) * Géc gitta hai mat phang 1a géc gitta hai duong thing lan Iuot vudng géc v6i hai mit phing d6. : : Cha y: Khi hai mat phang (P) va (Q) cat nhau theo giao tuyén d, dé tinh géc gitta ching, ta chi vige xét mat phang (R) vudng géc véi d, lan lugt cdt (P) va (O) theo cac giao tuyén p va q. Khi dé géc gitta (P) va (O) la géc gitta p va q 4) PHUONG PHAP TQA DO TRONG KHONG GIAN 1) HG toa dé trong khong gian i(1;0;0), j(051,0), K(0;0;1) I ij=jk= 2) Cc trudng hop dic bigt © Mat phang toa d6, truc toa d6 Mat phang Phuong trinh Vecto phap tuyén Diém M (Oxy) z=0 M(x;y;0) (Qy2) x=0 M(0;y32) (Ozx) y=0 n= j=(0;1;0) M(x;0;2) Truc Vecto chi phuong Diem M Ox Uy, =1 = (1,0;0) M(x;0;0) oy Uy, = J = (0;1,0) M(;y;0) Oz (0;0;1) M (0;0;z) © Hinh chiéu, diém déi ximg ca M(x;;z) qua cdc mat toa dG, truc toa do Hinh chiéu cia Mxuong | Diém doi ximg ctia M qua Truc Ox (x;0;0) (3-y3-2) Truc Oy (0;,y;0) Truc Oz (0;0;2) Mat (Oxy) (y;0) (sy;-2) Mit (Oyz) (0;3;2) (2x, y52) Mat (Ozx) (x30;2) (-y32) Diem O (-x;-y;-2) 3) Vecto' trong khéng gian © Dinh nghia w=(x;y;z) @ w=xityj+zk © Tinh chat Cho a@=(a,;a,;a,) va b =(b,;b,;b,) ae ae Va +a; +a; D6 dai vecto Téng hiéu hai vecto a+b =(a,+b,; a, b,;a,+b,) Nhan m6t sé véi mét vecto ka= (ka,; ka,; ka,) (keER) a,=b, Hai vecto bang nhau a=b & 4a a cing phuong b 3k eR sao cho a=kb Ba vecto déng phang Tich vé huéng alla, alla, a. lb, b, 1 by ab, +a,b, +a,b, Tich co hudéng b Gee tao béi hai vecto cos(a,b)= | dl lta ta db +h tbe | a, +a; +4; a[by +b; +b; © Ung dung vecto Hai vecto vudng goc nhau albeab=0 Ba diém A, B, C thang hang AB cing phuong AC Bén diém A, B, C, D dong phing [48, AC] AD=0 ABCD 1a hinh binh hanh AB=DC os . lyon Dién tich tam gic ABC Sine =5[4nac] Thé tich tir din ABCD Venen = of. AC} A] Thé tich hinh hop ABCD.A’B’C’D’ Vivep apres =[48,40].44} 4) Toa d6 cia diém © Dinhnghia M(x;y;z) & OM =(x;y;2) © Tinh chat Cho A(x 439452,) Va BO%ps 09325) Toa d6 vecto AB= (Xp —X43¥p—Yy32p-24) DO dai doan thang AB=|4B|= (x, —x,) +) —¥) +, —2))° “ta dda, tstts) in aa XytXpt Xe Vit Ve tVe , 3 Xy = hy Yi“ 2 ta) I-k 7° I-k ? M la trung diém cia doan thing AB: m{ Gla trong tam cia tam giae ABC: of Diém M chia AB theo tisok <> MA=kMB uf 5) Phuong trinh mat cau Dang 1: PTMC (S) cé tam 1(a; b; c) va ban kinh R: (xa) +(y-b)' +(z-cy =R Dang 2: Phuong trinh x? + y? +z? + 2ax + 2by +2cz +d =0 la PTMC tam I(-a;—b;—c), ban kinh R= Va? +b? +c? —d (v6i a? +b +c? -d >0) 6) Phuong trinh mt phing PTMP di qua diém M,(x);)32)) ¢6 VIPT n=(4;B;C) la: A(x Xq) + BV Yo) +C(Z~ 2) =0 PTTQ ciia mat phing: Ax + By +Cz+D=0 voi n=(A:B;C) 1a vecto phap tuyén PTMP di qua A(a;0;0), B(0;b;0) va C(0;0;c) (voi abe #0) co dang Ry Das a4 abe 7) Phuong trinh dwong thang PTTS cia during thing d di qua diém M,(x);y);2) vacd VICP a=(a,;a,;a,) x=x, tal (d)ijv=ytat (teR) z=z, tal J > =o 14 PTCT cita duong thing d c Néu a,.a,.a, #0 thi (d):*—* a 8) Céng thite géc, khoaing céch Go gitta hai vecto w va cos(u,y)= Goc gitta hai dung thang 9) ~ = Goc giita hai mat phing (a) va () cos((a),(B)) = = = ty, Goc giita duong thang d va mat phing (a) sin(d,(a)) 7 Khoang cach tir diém M (x);y)3Z)) dén mat phing (P): Ax+ By +Cz+D=0 a _ [Ax + By) +C: up) = Khoang cach tir diém M/( ) dén dung thing d: d, Lon] ig HM Xo3Yo32Zo. uong thang Mid) 7 i [em 0] Khoiing céch gitta hai ding thing chéo nhau d,, d,:— dy.y) ==—~—=— — foal Néu d, //d,. Khoang cach d,, d, duoc tinh theo mot trong hai cach sau Ch: Lay Med, = diy. 4) = daria) (2: Lay Ned, >, a) = Avia) Trudng hop dac biét Néu (P)//(Q). Khoang cach gitta (P) va (Q) duoc tinh theo mét trong hai cach Ch Lay waieels. = dag, C2: NE(Q)>dyo = vie) Néu d//(P), Khoang cach gitta d va (P) dugc tinh theo mot trong hai cach Ch Lay Med > dup) =dayiny C2: Lay NE(P) > dy.) =v) Vi tri tuong doi Vi tri tuong déi cia hai dung thang d, d' dong phing <[1,u'].MM'=0 dd chéo nhau e>[1,x' |. #0 u, u| =0 uu’ |#0 d, d' song song <> oe dd’ cit nhau ear d, d' vubng goc > u Lu uu'=0 Cha y: Dé hiéu cac céng thite 6 trén, ta ding cac céng thir vecto sau Hai vecto u va v cling phuong <> [wr]=6 Ba vecto u, ¥ va w dong phing <= [u,¥].=0 Vi tri trong déi cua hai mat phing (P) cat (Q) © — n, khong cing phuong ny [n,, ng |#0 (P) vung goe (Q) n, ing e 1p.No (P)song song (Q) eS n, cing phuong N e [m, Ng 0 Vi tri trong déi ctia dudng thing va mat phang x=x, tat Cho duong thang d:} y= y, +t va mat phing (P): Ax +By+Cz+D=0 z=2,+ct Xét phuong trinh A(x, + af) + B(yy +0) +C(z, +et) =0 (1 1a an) (*) Néu (*) v6 nghiém eo d/I(P) Néu (*) c6 mét nghiém o d cit (P) Néu (*) c6 v6 s6 nghiém ° dc(P) Vi tri tong d6i cia mat phang (P) va mat cau (S) tam I, ban kinh R. (P) tiép xtc (S) ° di p=R (P) cat (8) ° dip) R Vi tri trong d6i cia hai mat cau (S,), (S,) ngodinhau << 11,>R, +R, (S,), (S,) trongnhau

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