352 Secondary School Mathematics for Class 10 SIMILAR TRIANGLES Two triangles are said to be similar to each other if (i) their corresponding angles are equal, and (ii) their corresponding sides are proportional. RESULTS ON SIMILAR TRIANGLES (BASIC-PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM) OR (THALES’ THEOREM) THEOREM’ If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the ther twvo sides in distinct points then the other two sides are divided in the same ratio. [CBSE 2002C, '04C, '05, '06C, ‘07, ‘09, '10] Given A AABC in which DE || BC and DE intersects AB and AC at D and E respectively. AD _ AE TOPROVE DR = EC CONSTRUCTION Join BE and CD Draw ELL ABand DM 1 AC. PROOF We have ar(AADE) = 4X AD x EL A= 4x base x height] and ar(ADBE) =4xDBX EL. 1 ar(AADE)_*ADXEL ap. ar(ADBE) Dx DBXEL DB (i) Again, ar(AADE) = ar(AAED) = 4 x AEX DM and _ar(AECD)= 4 ECXDM. ar(AADE) _ x AEXDM _ AE . ar(AECD) ~ 1 cecxpm EC Gi) Now, ADBE and AECD being on the same base DE and between the same parallels DE and BC, we have ar(ADBE) = ar( AECD) il) From (i), (il) and (ii), we have AD _ AE ‘DB ECTriangles 353 In a ABC, a line DE||BC intersects AB in D and AC in E, then COROLLARY prove that AB_AC AD _ AE Opp-EC “AB Ac proor (i) From Basic-Proportionality theorem, we have AD _ AE AD AE DB EC” DB*!~ Ec*! AD+DB _ AE+EC -, AB_ AC = *DB > EC DB~ EC (ii) From Basic-Proportionality theorem, we have AD _ AE _, DB _ EC AD ~ AE > RB) = (8) = (AD+DB) _(AE+EQ) “AD = AE AB _ AC = AD _ AE = AD ~ AE AB AC ‘SUMMARY In ABC, let DE || BC. Then, ofR-42 wrx) AB _ AC (i) DB EC y E AD _ AE “AB AC 8 © THEOREM2 (Converse of Thales’ theorem) If a line divides any two sides of @ triangle in the same ratio then the line must be parallel to the third side. cvEN A AABC and a line | intersecting AB at D and AC at E, such that Ap = AE. ToPRove DE||BC. If possible, let DE not be parallel to BC. Then, there must be another line through D, which is parallel to BC, Let DF || BC. Then, by Thales’ theorem, we have AD _ AF rm ‘DB FC -@ 5 AE But, AB = AE (given). (ii) PROOF354 Secondary School Mathematics for Class 10 From (i) and (ii), we get AE _ AE _, AF ,,_ AE, AF+FC_ AE+EC Fo" EC > Fo*!=EC*1 9 Fe EC > AC AC Ve pe=ec. AC, 1 FC EC FC” EC This is possible only when E and F coincide. Hence, DE| BC. SOLVED EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 1 — In the given figure, MN || AB, A BC =7.5em, AM=4em and w MC=2cm. Find the length of BN. [CBSE 2010] SOLUTION In AABC, MN || AB. 8 N MC_NC yy Tate theorem) McC ___NC > AM+MC~ BC > ae 75 where NC = xem = ya 2XZ > Hence, BN = BC—NC = (7.5~2.5)cm=5cm. EXAMPLE2 In the given figure, DE||BC and BP A If AC =4.8 cm, find the length of AE. D {CBSE 2008C) SOLUTION Let AE=xcm. Then, EC = (AC- AE) = (48-2) cm. Now, in ABC, DE||BC. AD _ AE _, 3 DB 5” @8-x) => 348-2) =5x > 8r=144 => x=18. Hence, AE