‘Accessed by HRL Technclogy Ply Ltd on (4 Sep 2008 1 AS 1012.6—1999 Australian Standard™ Methods of testing concrete Method 6: Method for the determination of bleeding of concrete 1 SCOPE This Standard sets out the method for determining the relative quantity of mixing water that will bleed from a sample of freshly mixed concrete under the conditions of the test. The Standard applies only to conerete in which the maximum aggregate size is 40 mm or less. The Standard provides for compaction of the sample either by rodding or vibrating, NOTES: 1 The results obtained will he dependent on the compaction method used 2. This Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. The Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. The user of this Standard should establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use 3. Data on the precision of the test method were not available at the time of publication. This information will be included when available. 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this Standard: AS 1012 Methods of testing concrete Method 1: Sampling of fresh concrete Method 2: Preparation of concrete mixes in the laboratory 1012.3.1 Method 3.1: Determination of properties related to the consistency of conerete—Shump test 1012.8 Method 8: Method for making and curing concrete compression, indirect flexure test specimens, inthe laboratory or inthe field tensile and, 3 APPARATUS. 3.1 Container A cylindrical container of approximately 0.015 m capacity, and having an inside diameter of 250 +3 mm and an inside height of at least 280 mm, shall be used. It shall be made of ‘metal not less than 3 mm thick, and shall be watertight and sufficiently rigid to maintain its shape with rough usage. It may be of split construction to facilitate emptying and cleaning, but any joints shall be completely watertight. The inside surface shall be smooth and free from corrosion, coatings or lubricants The container shall have a circumferential mark on the inside surface 250 41 mm above the base and shall be provided with carrying handles and a suitable vapour-tight cover. COPYRIGHT‘Accessed by HRL Technoogy Ply Ltc on 04 Sep 2608 AS 1012.6—1999 2 ‘The internal cross-sectional area of the container at the level of the circumferential mark shall be determined and shall be either marked or stamped on the outside of the container. 3.2. Suetion device A pipette, suction hose or similar device shall be used for drawing off free water from the surface of the test specimen, NOTE: In the laboratory a device comprising a vacuum pump with a tap fitting together with a plastics tube, a pipe with a partly flattened end and a Buchner flask to collect the bleed water has been found to be satisfactory. 3.3 Measuring cylinders One measuring cylinder shall be of 100 mL capacity and one shall be of 25 mL capacity. 3.4 Balance A balance shal be used capable of weighing to an accuracy of 0.1% inthe range 30 kg to g. 3.5 Rod ‘The rod used for compacting concrete shall comply with the relevant requirements of AS 1012.3.1. 3.6 Mallet ‘The mallet used to release any large air bubbles and to close any surface voids in the hand compaction method shall be fitted with a hard rubber or hard plastic head weighing approximately 0.25 kg. 3.7. Scoop A scoop of suitable size shall be used. 3.8. Vibrators Internal vibrators used for compaction of concrete shall have a frequency of vibration of at least 115 Hz. The outside diameter of the vibrating element inserted into the conerete shall be not more than one-fifth of the least dimension of the measuring bowl but shall be at least 15 mm. External vibrators used for compaction of concrete shall have a frequency of vibration of at least 50 Hz. Provision shall be made for clamping the measuring bow! securely to the vibrator. 4. SAMPLING 4.1 Field sampling For concrete sampled in the field, the test sample shall be obtained in accordance with the requirements of AS 1012.1, NOTE: Because of the time delay prior to testing associated with concrete sampled in the field and possible variations in the ambient conditions and conerete temperature, it is probable that the results of this test will vary when carried out in the field and the laboratory. 4.2, Laboratory sampling For concrete made in the laboratory, the test sample shall be prepared in accordance with AS 1012.2. 4.3. Time of sampling ‘The time at which the test sample is taken shall be recorded. COPYRIGHT‘cuassed by HRL Technclogy Ply Ld 0 04 Sep 2009 3 AS 10126-1999 5 TEST CONDITIONS 5.1 General In the laboratory and in the field, the ambient temperature, the relative humidity, and the concrete temperature shall be measured and recorded at the commencement of the test. In cases of prolonged set, further readings of ambient temperature shall be taken hourly, 5.2. Field In the field, the test specimen shall be moulded in a location where it is protected from adverse weather conditions such as hot sunshine, drying wind and rain, 5.3. Laboratory In the laboratory, the provisions of AS 1012.2 in relation to preparation of materials shall be observed. 6 GENERAL PROCEDURE ‘The general procedure shall be as follows: (a) Take the test sample of concrete as quickly as possible to the place selected for the test. (b) Give the sample a minimum of mixing to offset any segregation that may have occurred uring transportation. (©) For concrete sampled in the field commence the test immediately following the completion of | mixing the test sample. For concrete prepared in the laboratory commence the test in accordance with AS 1012.2. (@ Place and compact the concrete in the cylinder by one of the procedures described in Clause 7, taking care to avoid segregation or excessive laitanee. Where no-slump concrete is to be tested, use only the vibration procedure described in Clause 7.2. Ensure that compaction is completed within 10 min of commencement of placing and compaction. (e) After compaction of the final layer has been completed, level the top surface of the concrete to.a reasonably smooth surface. Record the time and reckon subsequent bleeding time from this time. (8) Remove any excess concrete on the outside surface of the container. Weigh the container with the concrete and determine the mass of concrete (5). (2) Measure the bleed water by the procedure described in Clause 8, 7 COMPACTION PROCEDURES 7.1 Compaction by hand Compaction by hand shall be carried out as follows: (a) Fill the container to the circumferential mark £5 mm. in approximately three equal layers using the scoop. As each scoopfill of conerete is being placed, move the scoop around and in contact with the rim of the cylinder as the concrete slides from it, to ensure symmetrical distribution of the concrete within the bowl. (b) Fully compact each layer by rodding, the strokes being uniformly distributed over the cross-section of the container. Rod the bottom layer throughout its depth. For each upper layer, just penetrate into the underlying layer with at least the first 20 strokes. The number of strokes per layer required to produce full compaction will vary according to the type of concrete but in no case use Fewer than 40 strokes per layer (see Note to Step (d). However, if the concrete contains aggregate particles that degrade with hand compaction, a reduced number of tamping blows and increased tapping of the container may be adopted, provided that complete compaction is achieved, COPYRIGHT‘Accessed by HRL Technology Pry -td on 04 Sep 2008 AS 1012.6—1999 4 (©) Afier each layer is tamped, tap the side of the container sharply 10 to 15 times with the mallet to release any large air bubbles and to close any surface voids. (@)_ Add only sufficient concrete for the third layer so that, when consolidated, the total depth is within the appropriate limits. Do not withdraw concrete during or after compaction, NOTE: The minimum number of strokes per layer required to compact average concrete with different consistencies is set out as a guide in Table 1 TABLE 1 MINIMUM NUMBER OF STROKES PER LAYER FOR VARYING SLUMPS Slump Minimum number of mm strokes per layer Over 75 70 58-15 85 40=50 100 For slumps of less than 40 mm, refer to AS 1012.8 7.2 Compaction by vibration Compaction by vibration shall be carried out as follows: (a) Fill the container to the circumferential mark #5 mm in two approximately equal layers using the scoop. As each scoopful of conerete is being placed, move the scoop around and in contact with the rim of the container as the concrete slides from it, to ensure symmetrical distribution of the conerete within the bowl. (b) Place all the conerete for each layer in the container before starting vibration. Continue vibration only long enough to achieve full compaction of that layer. NOTE: The duration of vibration required to compact each layer will depend upon the workability of the concrete and the effectiveness of the vibrator. Usually the surface of the concrete becomes relatively smooth in appearance as soon as sufficient vibration has been applied, Extreme care should be taken to avoid segregation when using vibration to compact concrete with a slump greater than 100 mm, (©) Where an internal vibrator is used, compact each layer by four insertions of the vibrator at points symmetrically distributed over the cross-section of the container. Do not allow the vibrator to rest on the bottom of the container or to touch the sides of the container. Take care to withdraw the vibrator in such a manner that no air pockets are left in the test specimen, (@) Where extemal vibration is used, rigidly attach or securely hold the container against the vibrating element or vibrating surfie. (©) Add only sufficient concrete for the second layer so that, when consolidated, the total depth is within the appropriate limits. Do not withdraw concrete during or after compaction, 8 BLEED WATER MEASUREMENT The procedure for bleed water measurement shall be as follows (a) Place the container with the concrete on a level platform or floor free from vibrations. Apply the vapour-tight cover and keep in place except during the withdrawal of bleed water. (b) Draw off water accumulated on the surface using the pipette, or other device, at 10 min intervals during the first 30 min and at 30 min intervals thereafter, until the bleed water collected during a 30 min period is less than 5 mL. COPYRIGHT‘Acoessed by HRL Technology Pty Lid on 04 Sep 2008 5 AS 10126-1999 (©) To facilitate the removal of bleed water, tilt the container carefully 1 min prior to the withdrawal ofthe bleed water, by placing a nominal 50 mm block under the lower edge of the container atthe same position every time, (@)_Afier the water has been removed, return the container to the level position without jarring. (©) Transfer the bleed water to a measuring cylinder of appropriate capacity after each withdrawal and record the accumulated bleed water together with the time, 9 CALCULATIONS 9.1, Volume per unit surface area ‘The volume of bleed water per unit surface area over any given time shall be calculated by the following equation: Bleed water = 7 mtimngiven time interval where V = volume of bleed water, in millilitres, measured during the selected time interval A = surface area of concrete, in square mii tres (i.e. the internal cross-sectional area of the container at the level of the circumferential mark) 9.2. Ratio of bleed to mixing water ‘The bleeding of the concrete expressed as a percentage of the free mixing water in the test specimen shall be calculated by the following equation: Wx Bleeding = seen" where = total quantity of bleed water collected during the test, in millilitres 5 " total batch mass of concrete from which the sample was taken, in kilograms = " = volume of free mixing water in the batch from which the concrete was taken, in litres (je. total water less that absorbed by the aggregates to their saturated surface-dry conditions) S = mass of concrete in test specimen, in kilograms 10 RECORDS ‘The following information shall be recorded (a) Identification of the concrete. (b) Lob site or laboratory where tested, (©) Date and time of test (@)_ Ambient temperature(s) and relative humidity. (©) Concrete temperature, (6) Whether compacted by vibration or by hand: if by vibration, whether internal or external vibration: if by hand, the number of strokes per layer. (g) Times elapsed between commencement of collecting composite sample and commencement of measurement of bleed water (Clause 8). COPYRIGHT‘Acoessed by HRL Technology Pty Lid on 04 Sep 2008 AS 1012.6—1999 6 (i) Mass of conerete in test specimen (S). (Total batch mass af eancrete (M) Times at which bleed water measurements are made and the volumes of bleed water collected. (K) Identification of testing operator. (Reference to this Standard, Le. AS 1012.6, 11 REPORT In the event of a report being prepared, the following information shall be included (a) Identification of the concrete. (b) Date and location of test. (©) Concrete temperature and ambient condition. (@)__ Method of compaction—vibration or hand, (e) Tabulation of volume of bleed water per unit surface area and corresponding elapsed time, (6) Bleeding (percent) ifbatch masses are known. (2) _ Reference to this Standard, ie. AS 1012.6. () Such other information contained in the sampling records (see AS 1012.1) as may be requested. COPYRIGHTAS 10126-1999 NOTES £6002 498 yo Uo pI fig KBojouNDe,.THH Aq pesseDoy‘Acoessed by HRL Technology Pty Lid on 04 Sep 2008 AS 1012.6—1999 8 ‘This Australian Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee BD/42, Methods of Testing Concrete. It was approved con behalf of the Couneil of Standards Austalia on 4Tuse 1999 and published on $ uly 1999, “The following interests are represented on Commie BD 42: ‘The Associaton of Consating Finer of A Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Austalin Pr-mixed Concrete Asocation [AUSTROADS Cement and Conerete Association of Ausialia Concrete Insitute of Auscalin CSIRO, Divisio of Building, Construction and Engineering Notional Aceciaton of Teng Authorities Ausvalia Universi of New South Wales Universiy of Tecnology, Sydney Review of Australian Standards, To keep abreast of progress in indwsry, Australien Stondards are subject to period ‘eview and are hept up to date by the issue cf amendments or new edisigns as necessary. ts importont therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession ofthe latest edition, ond ony amendment there, Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications this information is supplemented each month bythe mogacine ‘The Australian Standard, whick subscribing ‘members receive. and which ives details cf new publication, nev editions and gmendments nd f withdravn Standards Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head o,fice cf Standards Australia, are welcomed. Nonfiction cfany inaccuracy or ambiguity found ivan Australian Standard should Be made without delay n order that thermatter may be investigated and appropriate action taken Originated as. AS 101261971 Second ain 1983, “Third eiton 1999, ‘This Stondard was issued nd form for comment as DR 98190. © Copyrigit- STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Users of Standards are reminded that ccpyright subsists in all Standards Ausicali publications and software, Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where movided for below no publications or software produced ty Standards Australia muy be reproduced, stored in a teiieval sem in any form or transmitted ty any meaas without prior permission in wrtian fom Standards Australia. Permission may be conditional on an aprtopriate royalty payment. 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