FIITIEE Schrodinger wane eyratiow | 2 =o. > 2, o = oe , dy, ee + 2 EO? a Ox a O3r Po Sebavolinge ant foto © > taergy Yi PotenTint tty Kinz > PoAiKor The a patois catital, an He exparned in thm Oa Aphid cok coosdinats : &,e aud J. For a powt (a1 Og) , Vaiable & 2 ts tauw Sion Lhe Curtin Of He mtetews- oo angle ta he Por Case X- anes. > ae te the Porites X-ans iw the a Ay plave+ hocmtiew 9f point P. Carterian Co-chdinntis= *IgI® Poles co-ordiuats = 4, 6)0> Scanned with CamScannerSchrodinger ware equation. can Le poxttt ew as: FIITIEE y Ca 01g) = lA). ¥ (a8). RCL) > Radial wocne functor a Obie ¥ (29) > Argulat cone fuel ovr « Sack et of guraccteanen raveediore (nt, M,) eenibe ae fpeunt wows function « > The Rackial voaue peel on , RA) as 7. clapen dint me ylap) * a clepenctent Ow ‘a aud #- woos panier a The a Qe ed te wrlllen as: % ontétat setulion Lor a paciewtar (20,9) = Ry l4) Yom, (6% gp). Po, tim > So, ne 2dr nr = White , Loe Oph - - 7 H-L,-- Scanned with CamScannerFIITJEE ie PA wavefunction node aces nt pons, ,t2hite hw * awe function is pao aud chawges Age c > The ehchen tas yuo Prohatd of ey Lotati at a node ( v2). > The wae function uit be gro Wha one Of i Componiut je as Buo. ¢ aie or) %0@ a oo When RA) =0 = Node Conny of Aphue > Aphuccal nodes. (n-4-) Ylog) =0 7 regular Nock. (L) Atowic Abeta: pdibciaeenet anes ee Du Orldtal is te quantum mechanical Aefenewent of Bons orbit: In Contact 2a tis Concept of a Kwple Crtutar bit suite firncel Aadkis, Onkdtal aco . 0 FAVA Meera Of apace arnites ifpaut PaChettBRE SF Bowitg an ceactco. Scanned with CamScanner—— 7 gr he et Ntd of findig an (auc ar ems). FIITIEE elechon Ln a gr” Volume of 4pace > A plot ef Y* %~ AC Asta fron tbe nucleus) a plot of * phobatst tg cevaity. > Sh 1s Oxtital LG, agmnm eiscads + ao the ean of finding a IS election 2 ag (ee point — Aeperc only on ah dAstane fo" ti MUM 2 The (pater aioe as en at aco Cok the muctus) and cuncan stadilg eit a7) cistanu- | | i sat Maths of radius 4, Ar /Ks - - | Ain 4 a aphie of Scanned with CamScanner(b) Probab density (esp ric surace aren {Radiat probabitty Figure 4.2.1 Most Probable Redies forthe Election inthe Grourd Stato of the Hysrogen Atoen. (a) Imagine civicing the atom total vtume ito very tn concentric shels as shown in the onion drawing. (0) A plot of electra probsilty density versus r shows that the electron proto cast & pretest 36° = 2 ‘and fals off smoothly ith increasing . The density of te dots is therefore greatest inthe dnnermost shes oF the onion. () The sure area of 8h shel ge") ‘by tne, increases rapidly th Increasing 1. (0) IF we count the number of dots in each spherical shel we obtain the teal arab fing the ec 3 8 ‘given value of 7. Becouse the surface area of each shel increases niore rapa ith increasing than the esctron probaly dest crates. 9 eo ON Drobiby versus (the radial probably) shows 2 peak, This peek corresponds to the most pravabie radius for he electron 52.2.m, whith is erat 2 acs ‘rede by Boh's motel oF the hyarogen ater. Scanned with CamScannerArd Soy > Greatest at cy) Sufau aun = Yan PF of the aphecical ‘hel, Bacau the snfa aun of aie plot F at a petheular ttean the ele how probatclety 7 Mectass » a maximum 4Aadial fmenea ha distane - > ww . Amale p Sesface ana Amol > He total pachabi kt of Sincing an to tte nucleus a 7 Aow pt tee mack, » the ee Tow PrP bonbi bity Va nike, » (Maxima) atom » He Peak, in the Aadial elechon clos > Fn Hydrogen Probeei KG plot Ctr at tte Aactius Caleta 4 Boba C 52-9 pm), whieh Ls Sua for nz) orbie- SS The minima in Lhe plot Comtponcl 7 Apheccal nocles: Scanned with CamScanner |Nes bd Nose. » 2 Fa ~ = 3 (a) Ehecronprobabty (Gi contour probably (c)Radia probaitiy Figure 1.2.2: Probabilty Densities forthe 1s, 2s, and 3s Orbitals ofthe Hydrogen Atom. (a) The electron probabiity density in any plane that contains the Js shonn. Note the presence of circular regions, or nades, where the probabiliy densily is zer. (b) Contour surfaces enclose 20% of the electron probably, Iustrates the diferent sizes ofthe 15, 2s, and 3s orbitals. The cutaway dravvings give partial vews ofthe internal spherical nodes. The orange cor ‘e9Ions of space where the phase of the wave function is postive, and the hue color corresponds to regions of space where the phase of the wave: ‘egative (In these plots of electron probability as a function of astance from the nucleus (1) all rections (rediel probably, the mest Increases as n increases, but the 26 and 3s erbitals have regions of significant electron probably at smal values ff Scanned with CamScannerwctzons for 13 at eenlt OACU Sh warsfuneons few 1: FIITIEE nam 2 862 Fem (FP v Fe a ie z se a nC 2(Z) a (a) ° —_—_~ — rr) Rng (4) aon for fag decge Zeal & [aus pease Aon) Cin atewie nnik) > ee Ye ate (for eaten) Raz (%) Ye (OB) > Ahepe << Aphiricad Acne ie Comp ae he Graphical AepaenntaKor of Ractiak wanifunchion: R14) Vs. Rackine Riny > No Plapienl menace Cs) Rta) —e paobabiktly semi of elector at aa Opace- RA) 9 maximum at A220 Scanned with CamScannerR(r) in a.u. Scanned with CamScanner0 1 2 3 4 5 Radius (a.u) Scanned with CamScannerFIUITIEE ty oh : Beow! Radiat tstibulion fue elcleon ot oat ttn probabikty ef a Tom ot &_ Pee As of om a ta tte Prooab 4a of elk on enw we Relateg a Aplirical Abt at a tadiu 4 This Lp allel Rackat RutibuBon funEor CRE) as in (a “4 meee PIG the eae) of aw election at a Pot al which has Aaciu A 4 Lhe of a Aplurw at a2 4adius of &- Vbtene Vetume of apr, = gaas : x Oe Cute On~ Hef fpoertokig . oes D> dv = YAN Oe 2 ROE CA) © $TK RA) Maximum for 18 at ao Cae = 6.24 r18"m)> (n> osar a Scanned with CamScannerwave founcen for 28: Ds(AD = = 2" 6. =) l™) aie ae for Unatom, as BR zel, p> 2504) ‘= oe 7. oe 2ie Se ela) so = Ractial Note Cor Spherical nok es = 2 @-4) 20 7 Az 2aun A = 2% 08294 ae g = 1008 ae Kora of ns onbi tah: ee : oe 1S = | perk g Maximum Q A* $e 2g - 2peaks o 38 = ; @ 42 Was: 3B perks 5g Maximum Scanned with CamScanner FLITIE0 5 10 15 2 Radius (a.u) Scanned with CamScanner1 gq c net = ned 2 fea §|| is 5 : = { j o 2 4 8 0 6 8 0 12 4 1 (107m) 6 (107m) nat R I=0 2 ) robabilty distribution probability distnbution ‘Radial probability distribution (sum of ally") 10 my Scanned with CamScannerP- onbital ~ Wave func Roms: P- Ondei taly - Waws Pane *™ > Thre we thee proneitads for cack valu On C Per Pays By) é ‘np’ Orbital. D The Aacial funchor <1 dawe fr ak Pp > The angaten tems are Aff rut > oeffeuut Ahopa Cormental on) per 2p: ee -(62/nav) y klap) = 1 =.) (2 \se epee ae Nao Ga ¥. 2ve Pa i ala) 4 (6:9) OR Bla Pap * ie! ye 24) azn me) , ate nao Nao 40, gp). PES re meer Scanned with CamScanner46a 9) FIITIEE pare (IP ew aye. YCRA) = (2) tin 8 cos 2 7 y(R)= CIN in OG y on NOTE: (peed) | a . A= oO We ee A maximum @ A> 12 Be 3p > & perm, + 1 eae nodal plane : _ Jane, Pe - XY Place: Re - YR plane » fea Scanned with CamScanner2p; Figure 6.6.4 The Three Equivalent 2p Orbitals of the Hydrogen Atom Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner