Tutorial T2.

3 – Standard Gas cycles

For air: R =0.287 kJ/kg K and  =cp/cv=1.4

1. Discuss the following questions:

a. How does the thermal efficiency of an ideal cycle (simple Joules cycle, air-
standard Otto cycle, and air-standard Diesel cycle), in general, compare
to that of a Carnot cycle operating between the same temperature limits?

b. What does the area enclose by the cycle presents on a P-v diagram? How
about on a T-s diagram? (Applicable for all cycles)

c. Can the mean effective pressure of an automotive engine in operation be

less than the atmosphere pressure?

d. An ideal Otto cycle with specified compression ratio is executed using air,
argon, and CO2 as the working fluid. For which case will the thermal
efficiency be the highest?

e. For fixed maximum and minimum temperatures, what is the effects of the
pressure ratio on thermal efficiency and the net output of simple Joules
cycle?

2. An air-standard cycle is executed in a closed system and is composed of the

following four processes:

1-2: isentropic compression from 1.0 bar and 27oC to 1.0 MPa;
2-3: constant pressure heating of 2800 kJ/kg;
3-4: constant volume heat rejection to 1.0 bar;
4-1: constant pressure heat rejection to initial state.

a). Illustrates the cycle on a T-s and P-v diagrams.

Determine:
b). the maximum temperature in the cycle.
c). the changes in specific entropy of each process and the change in entropy of
the cycle.
c). the thermal efficiency.

[3366.6 K; 0.0 (kJ/kg K); 1.767(kJ/ kg K); -1.65(kJ/ kg K); -1.15E-01 (kJ/ kg K); 0.0 (kJ/ kg K); 23.7%]

3. A gas turbine power plant operates on simple Joules cycle. Temperature at the
turbine’s inlet is 1110°C and has a pressure ratio of 9.3 while using air as working
fluid. If the rate of air during entering the compressor is 15.0 m3/min, at the pressure
and temperature of 100kPa and 25°C.

Determine:
a) The power produced by the plant,
b) The heat interactions, work interactions, and thermal efficiency,
c) The thermal efficiency of the plant, if the isentropic efficiencies of compressor
and turbine are 89% and 95%, respectively. And the changes in entropy for
compressor and turbine.

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 d) Discuss the effects of irreversible processes on power output from (c) by using
T-s and P-v diagrams of the cycles

[-113.3 kW; 240.6 kW; –127.3 kW; 77.96 kW; –191.3 kW; 47.1%; 40.76%; 0.057 kJ/kg K; 0.0438
kJ/kgK]

4. An engine working on the air-standard Otto cycle is supplied with air at 0.1 MPa,
27oC. The compression ratio is 8.0. The heat supplied is 1400kJ/(kgair).

With T-s and P-v diagrams, determine

a) The maximum pressure and temperature of the cycle,

b) The cycles efficiency,
c) The mean effective pressure, in kPa.
[70.41 bar; 2640 K; 56.5%; 1049.4 kPa]

5. Consider a modification of the air-standard Otto cycle in which the isentropic

compression and expansion processes are each replaced with the polytropic
processes having n=1.25. The compression ratio is 10 for the modified cycle and at
the beginning of the compression, p1=1.0bar and T1=288 K and V1 = 2200cm3. The
maximum temperature during the cycle is 1900 K,

Determine:
a). The heat transfer and work in kJ for each process in the modified cycle.
b). The changes in entropy during compression and expansion processes.
c). The thermal efficiency of the cycle,
d). The mean effective pressure, in bar.
e). Show the cycle on p-v and T-s diagrams.
[Q12=-0.257 kJ, Q23=2.65 kJ; Q34=0.953 kJ; Q41=-1.49 kJ; W12=0.685 kJ; W34=-2.54 kJ; -6.596E-4
kJ/K; 6.596E-4 kJ/K; 51.5%; 937.4kPa]

6. The conditions at the beginning of compression in an air-standard Diesel cycle are

fixed by p1=200kPa, T1=107 oC. The compression ratio is 20 and the cut-off ratio is
1.8.

Determine:
a). The maximum temperature, in K.
b). The heat addition per unit mass, in kJ/kg
c). The network per unit mass, in kJ/kg,
d). The thermal efficiency
e). The mean effective pressure, in kPa.
[2267K; 1012 kJ/kg; -663.9kJ/kg; 65.6%; 1282 kPa]

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