(Masui) Blase ed (Medico) . ‘cat God “Br Coven ITN ncati Cdrutstat) tayrt - table C Agee) (aces Fiebesite 2 pderemebatiin Pus Werte P Biotechnology Ceap furgiede) Biotechnology is a wide discipline that harnesses cellular and biomolecular rocesses to develop technologies that help in improving the health and lives of the people top 42 buetecl declrnatrons , 24 un Auta aftr Chetne cog E prvdivers Applications: 4. Agriculture a. GM Plants- genes altered by manipulation to display desired characteristics i. Crops tolerant to abiotic factors( cold, drought, salt, heat) egSwarna Sub ) Wild's L4G Rubber 1 by ICAR- flood resistant paddy Snmba Masoota (Mie- ete water plot CAL tam ) ii. Reduced reliance on chemical pesticides(bio- pesticides)- BtCotton © dough — Aeaittant & dere against pink bollworm = HAg—=-B-S+ ae vu vwviter “ NE- ii, Increased yield- Bt cotton, brinjal, helped to reduce post harvest losses- increased income Inastuute + arate) iy, increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants v. Enhanced nutritional value- biofortification- food security eg golden rice(Vit A énriched) b. Issues’ 7 Gradual resistance- bolhworm attack(Gujarat), whitefly- 75% crop destroyed in Punjab i. Unsafe- not enough info Health. YAvatmal- 60 farmers died spraying glyphosate MNC monopoly- Monsanto( BT cotton), Bayer enusterd) Biodiversity monoculture Ethical- Traitor, terminator seeds H¢era, ©. Solutions varun transgenic crops not to be relied on for providing ‘sustainable livelihood, focus on abiotic factors i, ~— Need for ong term strategy, transparency, grievance redressal mechanism, regulation, liability clause for companies i. SC reer nant TO Veer no pin cron in edible crops, lating recirements for transgenic crop ingredients, ban on herbicide resistant crops- will give risé fo superweeds d. _Livestock- Transgenic animals 1997-first transgenic cow, Rosie produced humen protein enriched milk i More meat, milk, disease rate Cloning GARIMA ( Hlowypana) Schemes: Cattle Genomics scheme, BIOTECH KISAN. Progs in agri ——— Wheat Genome Sequencing Prog i Rice Functional Genomics ji, Crop biofortfication and quality improvement prog it, Natural Plant Gene Repository Prog iw Next Generation Challenge Prog on Chickpea Genomics , v BIOTECH- KISAN 2. Environment a Flood resistant rice b. Qilzapper- bio remediation c. LOTUS-HR- biotech in water treatment, urban sewage a |+ Gen bi + et Cobalt prom drrenrded Li- Lo batterioa me Reainnelb aid Health: 70 mn inherited genetic diseases, 10k diseases- single gene malfunctioning = especially inherited disorders ‘Techniques- recomDNA, PCR, ELISA Diagnosis of HIV- Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) Genome sequencing 1. and preventive healthcare Precidion medicine Evolution of research Prevent biopiracy Indian Genome Project(0BT) SEN iv. Schemes: Genome India Indigen(CSIR) Indias bifaive on Earth Biogenome sequencing & Pharmacogenomics a Recombinant DNA processes- enables mass production of safe and more effective ‘therapeutic drugs - do not induce unwanted immunological responses i g Soa cell therapy- collection of methods that allows correction of 2 gape detect | Raghosat its CMeiattinva. curing ADA( adenosine deaminase deficienc Kung? @ ~~ .Genereditinge CRISPR: lowe Aba ater to alter DNA sequences ond modify gene ztoys (M— function- being explored esp for single gene disorders like Seplccsis hemophilia, sickle.cell js -commercial launch of Felda- tatacrispr covid19 tes 7 é Vaccine development, Vaccine safety, chemical safety testing- transgenic mice used to test the safety of the polio vaccine; Transgenic animals are made that carry genes which make them more sensitive to toxic substances than non-transgenic animals. They are then exposed to the toxic substances and the effec:s studied. Toxicity testing in such animals will allow us to obtain results in less time. MRNAWAcethes - Pfirer, Modena 4. Biofuels ekone : + DBT under Min of S&T vapkges’ 4 GERC under MOEFECC: epocaisal of proposals relating tothe release of genetically = Mat Tow engingered {(GE) organisms and producis info the envitonment incusing experimental : field tials re Biotech in India | + Ge + Blotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) |. .giaay aio Patines é ia coepol + _National Biotech Dev Strategy-2015-20(WB) ae + National Biotech Mission. DNA regulation bill paternity, IPC, identity : coat . Blo dads 2021 ~ nr siaBire! | | © inainct Antibiotic resistance th O Globe x 2 OED” srgte ch ore es About + Brann ‘+ Antibiotic resistance happens when germs like bacteria and fungi develop the abitty to defeat drugs wba designed to kil them. sputtapeiom ——®_Anibiofc resistance occurs naturally, but misuse of antibiotic in humans and animals is accelerating Lach ty process oral © bactria change in response tothe use ofthese medicines | capacityWHO 0G ~ \ Silent pandemic” _ thw Hunn - threats te Undo a century tf rreclions proprete , 2% twoout of every three healthy Indians are resistant to two major types of antibiotics, SE ee eta sentenn crs «pone ha aia Ste eae ge i etn ay © Hyman and economic cost ‘nearly 10.milion people estimated to die annually from this by 2050 © Se eeipny ean coach cae yy Se ea ete Rea cone aR GOR i Bah oh itn arate rte * is no "3 ‘obeenacs + glrhot etn Abt on © ie eve of fennhery d One t eventually enter food | neat nd malpractices ‘© incorrect diagnosis, unnecessary prescriptions, below the counter sale © Improper aspasal of residual arfbioicesurtypiene condition hospal chain oo © Peaple lack awarefiess, gor for unpreserited medicines leave medication in between ‘5 MaSsathing in gangs = Govemment, poor regulation, monitoring > Pog sanitation inadequately treated sewage waste containing resistant bactena + usty tse of antibiotics 2s livestock food adtives for growth promation © As antifungal + Problem is exacerbated by fact New antibiotics ae not developed inpast 3 decades but superbugs are developing fast eg NOM catistin Government steps. oo Bomeste efor ®Nalonal oly for containment of AMR was Inoducedn 2011 — + goverment nes commissioned a sudo ascese mirobia vers long ene length of Ganga > Sulina + Kerala gong for gotanging poly fms to beter equate and guide industy +P tomebtain egiter Global efors ° Muth’ cectornl bLbn AIAR Aohion Fund ‘= AWARE too! by WHO ;onlne tool aimed to guide policy-makers and health workers to use antbioics safely cuore area, + Wo lanes bal artnezcbia svete stam (LASS) to work hose wih WHO cotaborting Sac an eco SO oobi Sao SaemaTo Tao. suggestions worl urgently neds to change the way it preserbes and uses antbiotes \ 2 Phasing at vane abuser husbandry sector move to safer altematies {nbath research and dovelopment of new aries, vecSos, diagosics and other © multistakeholder approach, involving private industry, philanthropic groups and citizen activists is needed © Private sector being more responsible in prescribing Entei prove unt to covepe ro dg For pokey maker ee epore a robust natonl acon pan to take antbiot resistance fin pace + Improve sunelance of anibiateresitent nections 1 eguote and promote the appropiate use and depose of ually mediches . Make information available on the impact of antibiotic resistence| SPACE Intro: India is a world leader in many space technologies whether in launching conventional ~ satellites or in terms of interplanetary exploratory missions, “ Strategists extol the virtues of holding the high ground and sarudd LD space is the highest ground” Emerging trends in space industry ‘© The price for reaching low Earth orbit has declined by a factor of 20 in a decade. (a decade ago, NASA space shuttle > $54,000/kg, to now $2700/kg Falcon) © Itenhances human space travel possibilities by Teveraging new commercial Tiff Beres © According to a Bank of Am Report, the $350 billion space market today will touch $2.7 trillion by 2051 o Starlink, the constellation béing constructed by SpaceX to provide global Internet AAceess, plans more than 10,000 mass-produced! smal sitelites in low Barth orbit. © Companies such as Planet, Spire Global and Iceye are using orbital vantage points to collect and analyse cata to deliver fresh insights in weather forecasting, global logistics, crop harvesting and disaster response, © Space could prove attractive for high-tech manufacturing too. o Private mineral mining for ferrous minerals, rare minerals, Helium-3 fusion fuel. y . In short, an exciting new platforin is opening up for entrepreneurs. +/IR-SPACE DIPLOMACY ssate satelite * Science - Study Habitable plangts, origins of ‘the solar system and the earth + SPACE POLLUTION/KESSLER SYNDROME: As opposed to NASA’s earlier “Big Sky Theory”. In a decade, 80,000 such satellites could be in space compared to less than 3,000 at present. ©, 2'spegific instances > 2007 China’s anti-sat mission, 2009 a telecom satellite + from USA collidéd'with a non-functional Russian satellite o* Japan’s wooden satellite; University of Surrey, UK - RemoveDebris, 3 Challenges 1) Governance of outer space + Framework for governance of outer space as it becomes democrgtised, eommpercialised and crowgled is becoming obsolescent. . So re pe nl the idea that, space'should be “the province of all mankind” and “not subject to national appropriation by claims of sovereignty” + The Rescue Agreement, Space Liability Convention, and the Space Registration Convention expanded provisions of the Outer Space Treaty. ~ ? + The Moon Treaty of 1979 was not ratified by major space-faring nations (not by India either) «Space law does not have a je settlemes c is silent on collisions and debris, and offers insufficient guidance on interference with others” space assei& a+ These gaps heighten the potential for conflict breakneck technological change. 2) Acknowledging role of non-state entities + The legal framework related to outer space is statescentrieyplacing responsibility on states alone. + However, non-state entities are now in the fray for commercial space exploration and utilisation, «Some states are providing frameworks for resource recovery through private enterprises. (like USA which legalisedspace mining in 2015 by introducing the US Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act, 2015) = = + Some scholars and governments view this as against the prineiple of national non- appropriation, violating the spirit if not the letter of the existing space law. @ Thetack of alignment of domestic and international normative frameworks risks a damaging free-for-all competition, for celestial resources involving actors outside the space framework. 3) The arms race in outer space + The space arms race is difficult to curb, especially since almost all space technologies have military applications. + For example, safellite constellations are commercial but governments could acquire their “7 data to monitor military movements. +7 Investment in technologies that can disrupt or destroy space-based capabil way. Mission © + The UN General Assembly passed a resolution on Prevention ofianyArms\Race in Outer eSpace in 1982. r an era of congested orbits and ies is under ‘+ Outer Space Treaty only partially prevents weaponisation of space (WMD) an 2 on militarisation of The current geopolitical situation does not hold hope for addressing concerns of a space arms race. Need for space legislation in India + India has invested enormous resources Research Organisation. + More importantly, our space assets are crucial for India’s development. : * The proposed involvement of private players and the creation of an autonomous body IN- SPACe for permitting and regulating activities of the private sector are welcome efforts, NSIL. + However, the space environment that India faces requires us to go beyond meeting technical milestones. + We need a space legislation enabling coherence across technical, legal, commercial, diplomatic and defence goals while facilitating the private sector. Conclusion Our space vision also needs to address global governance, regulatory and arms control issues. its space programme through the Indian Space Private Sector Participation in Space Why?+ Research and Development Activities: These reforms will allow | bre on new technologies, exploration missions and human spaceflight programme. The overall idea tsi0 Tet ISRO concentrate ‘on essential activities like reSearch and development, planetary exploration, and strategic use of space, while freeing itself from ancillary or routine work which could easily be done by private industry. co Even some of the planetary exploration missions will also be opened up to the private Secior through an ‘announcement of opportunity’ mechanism 7 Lat + Fruitful Dissemination of Space Technologies: Allowing industries and others like Students, researchers or academic bodies greater access to space assets would lead to a much better utilisation of India space resources. +, Socio-economic use of Space Assets: The proposed body would attempt to enhance the activities, including access to space assets data and activities ° + Global Technology Powerhouse: It will enable Indian Indusfry to be an important player in the global space economy. With this, there is an opportunity for large- scale employment in the technology sector and India becoming a Global technology powerhouse. space communication sector will also enable India to keep pace with the growing demand for satellite-based broad¢astipg, network connectivity, and global mobile persafial communication, + Te Privaté players can participate in setting up of ground stations for space crafts which constitute 48% of the space sector budget and also in ‘application of space technology which result in 45% of space economy. + These efforts show that the government wants private players to participate in the space sector not as a vendor but as a partner. Steps taken by governmen + _IN-SPACe: It will act as a single-point i -e between Indian Space Research 7 Organisation (ISRO), and everyone who wants to participate in space-related activities, or use India’s space resources. o It will also hand-hold, promote and guide the private industries in space activities through encouraging policies and a friendly regulator environment. eee eee . + Indian National Space Promotion Board: It would be set up to strengthen the Department of Space and Tor the promotion of the private space entrepreneurs or nof-government space entrepreneurs, + Demand Driven Model: By the support of New Space India Limited (NSIL),It would endeavour to reorient space activities from a ‘supplydriven” model fo i imum utilisation of the emner thereby/ensurin ti ratio © The main objective of NSIL is to scale up industry participation in Indian space programmes in comparison to IN-SPACe which gives emphasis on the participation of the private sector, = + ISRO released Spacecom Policy 2020, © The policy will regulate the commercial use of satellites, orbital slots, and ground stations for communication needs. The policy also details how private »players can get authorization for setting up new communication satellites and ground stations. © Ohe of the aims of the Policy is to Provide a timely and responsive regulator environment for the commercial Indian industry to establish and operate space based communication systems. © Another feature of the policy is - Allowance to only Indian entities: Only Indian entities will be allowed to seek authorization Tor orbital slots for new satellites, services based on existing satellites and setting up new ground stations. © There are no restrictions in terms of satellite owning, ground session setup and providing services to the common people © Owning satellites and responsibilities: Private industries are allowed to use the ISRO satellites and they can also have their own satellites assed, The policy also says that any company sending a communication satellite in space will also be responsible for any damages to other objects in space and the environment + Space Activities Bill, 2017 — lapsed since © Defines liability, gives power to the government to evolve mechanism for augony © Limited grounds for rejection of license - (a) not jeopardizing public health, (b) remain compliant with International Law, and (c) don't adversely prejudice National Interest + ys tote ty kawpendiey enamamer Challenges Dispel Sek ‘ata + Sensitive technology should not go in the wrong hands. ” Py akin = Devas oC + Regulatory challenges can have major repercussions - national security as well as 3) Brain. international diplomatic challenges Draan Way Forward. + India is among a handful of countries with advanced capabilities in the space sector With these reforms, the sector will receive new energy and dynamism, to help the country leapfrog to the next stages of space activities. Gravitational waves -LIGO Hingoli. Significance of discovery of G-waves: © Optics + Quantum Physics + Laser Science + Astronomy NANOTECHNOLOGY Intro: “There is plenty of space at the bottom”, said Nobel Laureate Richard Feynman. If instead of manipulating matter at macro scale, itis used at the fundamental scale, the possibilities of manipulation are enormous because at nanoscale, the properties of matter are very different. Example 1SeBangalore >> Super Conduetion through Gold and silver nanoparticles at close to room temperature. ars < ee involves the manipulation of matter on atofnic, molecular, and suprainolecular scales, | Nanotechnology is one of the fe rth ofthe ial Revalution’ others being Al, JoT; | 3D-4D printing, according to WI founder Klaus Schwab. wuHy? 7 Health and Environment # . Nanoparticles exhibigapeeuniademsn’ ommend they oro highly reacti and if present ift high amount, have he pxeealimaseeoailom oT ) © For example, it has been found that if Humans inhale Carbon Nanotubes, the effect is similar to Silicosis disease, im © A study found that spreading Silver nanoparticles on wastewater stopped the decomposition of organic waste saa ful sufvellancete “Sefer which will have an impact on indi a ; (Cire) 1 Newope of Arms race -USANIDARBA (Defence Advance Rescrch and Project logies have been developed through Nanotech dual privacy as well as national security. Nes Agency) is working on a pill to inhibit emotions of soldiers against the killing of human Bd + beings - making them killing machines, Economie. AN ne, re till held by the developed world % . * Another apprehension is that nanotechnology products could be released into markets | Nanotechnology in Healthcare + (Diagnostics {62N0s} Nano Olfactory Sensors (gold nanoparticles arranged on a silicon | chip Cold NP af one of the most sensitive malesile- Tet conductvily changes In | response, E-Nose works by detecting Bioethics: aE used for detection of caper cells in the bloodstreai : . Targeted drug delivery system where career molecule is developed by Kua Bow. using nanotech and on its surface some chemicals are implanted, Damage to nearby —oltut-id FE tissues is reduced; Manoshel)s™ silica particles of diameter OO ii, on these particles, a Tap iat thin layer or gold was coated. When infrared waves are targetted on tissues where ) Lypod tapllie'ts —panoshells are present, they absorb the infrared waves to increase the temperature of the ; © nanomicetter. cells enough to kill tumor cells; transfering the ——_ med ide the cell. © Stirgety > Third Generation of nano products include submarine in the blood system and will carry out surger co Nanocarriers for eye surgery, chemotherapy, etc. * ageism NeiFSeleetroniesS application in bionics, orthotics. Eg. Bioniceyes have been approved for use ) can 5 ich wi . pain a bintnd wriv y Heudton = peut baelerne me go. nanapertther 57 posed Anti baeretal EAE noaaabote, uu spon— Nang phatorace - MALO GE AIM Of OMNES kaht @ ranomital arate Ga ptutled anvcterting for Pete od mms (ations 2 ole de. ———ee Se + Nano eleeraonies - ouch screens, LEDs. © Nanoparticles for drug delivery to the brain — for therapeutic treatment of neurological disorders ° Agtienoneer are polymer nanoparticles coated with a ted blood cell membrane, “ © ied for absorbing toxins and removing them from the bloodstream Energy Colur + Solar paints oo oS can replace soiar panels. Applying solar paints to Chongoy ay suiice will enable io capture energy from the un and transform tint electricity. parks! This can be used in houses and eas. 7 + Wind power generations PeRaseasa™ these are flexible thin sheets which when, bent can generate potential power, + gNanobatteries these are used to help rechargeable lithium-ion batteries last longer. Agriculture and Food re 9 Lunaertena 200, 1,02 + Manenferttizers @ (tees nangp ~ onte + Hybrid polymers are used in packaging and to reduce spoilage BP vp + |. Sensors for food-borne pathogens _ Se ea ey FURS . [seussle = to reduce bacteria on produce eas, ally apt + Nanoparticles based on titanium dioxide - used as antimicrobial agents ©) Vex. ULu - hadesp roe! urlte auutaninl | sn Indi UV payeetan Nanotechnology in Iné Ogpen ee fet he + 2001 with the formation of the NénoScience and Technology Initiative ouyuuedt cen My . the GOI launched a 5-year program called/Nano Mission. Fields involved in the — ——~ mission were: basic research in nanotechnology, infrastructure development, human resources development, and global collaboration, + Many institutions and departments were roped in for the work such as the Department of IT, DRDO, Department of Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), ete. + In both IIT Bombay and IISC Bangalore, National Centers for Nanofabrication and Nanoelectronics were established. Results of these initiatives «India has published over 23,000 papers in nanoscience. + India ranked 3rd in papers published in 2018 behind only the USA and Ching. + There have been many patent applications in this field. Concerns/Challenges: + India spends only a fraction of the amount spent by countries such as the USA, China, Japan, etc. on nanotechnology. + The quality of research is also to be improved significantly. Only a small percentage of the papers from India figures in the top 1% of publications. + Only 0.2% of the patents filed in the US Patent Office are ffm India in this field. «There are very Tew students who take up this field. +The target number of PhDs in nanotechnology is 10000 per year by the Ministry of HRD.© The contribution private sector is minimal in en though there is a Jot of potential, the private sector is yet to show tremendous enthusiasm. + Scope for potential: 1, A team from IT Madras used nanotechnology to decontaminate arsenic. from water, 2. Ateam from IIT Delhi has engineered a self-cleaning technology to be used in the textile industry ™_ | = Way Forward: Scientific temperament, Inquisitiveness, women in STEM, Atal Tinkering Labs, increased public g since private sector not taking up yet, ete. janomicelles: formed when amphiphiliemolecules assemble themselves to create a globular structure that is only around 5 to 100nm in diameter. Use in, + They are amphiphil interior. T or y molecules yes o The hydrophilic shell makes the micelle water soluble that allows for i.e. have a hydrophilic outer shell and a hydrophobic dual property makes them a perfect carrier for delivering drug re intravenous delivery while the hydrophobic core carries a payload of drug for therapy. Graphene and Carbon Nanotube - wonder material Uses: + Carbon nanotubes - composite materials, which are in turn used in aircrafts, missiles, RO systems + Nanotransistors for nangelectronics as Carbon nanotubes are good conductors of heat and electricity + Graphene is used in solar cells to improve th ‘+ Used in ultracapacitors for energy storage + Used in touchscreens, LEDs, OLEDs, ete efficiency ROBOTICS ‘The word Robot means self— labour. A Robot is a machine capable of carrying out complex series of actions automatically and replaces human effort, though it may of may not resemble hacian Balag iv appearance oF exh Gt amas NEE BebaviCur ROBOTICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ‘The field of Robotics is closely related to Al. Al refers to emulation of intelligent behaviour by @ machine. AI requires sophisticated computer to perform complex problem solving tasks that require thinking and reasoning while processing vast amount of knowledge. Prueraion * plexibilaby | Guatelanly (om ons tran 9© Kusda polrec UMEEt a KOoME poe PO Ny tt 2M Aokbt tRumed ALutaUAguet Adineda beam Conds Dogt th i pormen wvecid 4 pirat oF himen teleapbalus rane Lrpor mn ant owentow ee Alis the area of computer science focussing on creating r that humans consider intelligent. ichines that can engage in behaviours ECONOMY Automobiles and Manufacturing Industry ( Paeecijen) Ate emoly dine + Industrial robots due to their speed, accuracy, reliability, endurance are readily used in manufacturing of cars. Tasks such as weldipg, spray pgénting, loading, material handling and assembling can be performed far bett& by an Industrial robot than a human + In manufacturing industry, a key factor in attaining level of produetivity is today going lustrial revolution, benefiting from rapid progress in the areas of Electronics + Pick and place of robots are used in mass production of PCBs ( They help to remove tiny electronic components from strips/trays and place them onto PCB's with great accuracy. Such robots can place several components per second, far outperforming @ human in terms of speed, accuracy and reliability. Packaging Industry Means of Transport Lifting / bezond hurnan caparity + Mobile Robots act as automated guided vehicles with scanning, lasers are used to transport goods around large facilities such as warehouses, container ports or hospitals. DEFENCE Military Application + Tele Robots are Unmanned Aerial Vehicles which can be used to perform dangerous {gals in faraway/inacsensibe lass. These robots can be controled from anor the world allowing any army to search terrain and fire of targets without endangering {hose using it. Hundreds of robots such as|L= robot, PACKBOM are being used in Iraq and ‘Afghanistan by US itary 0 Seat improvised explosive devices. + Ruforiomous Robots such as SEEKUR are being developed to perform security and surveillance tasks at military facilities. Health & Medicine + Robots have helped us to realise remote surgery, minimum invasive surgery. Telesurgery combines the elements Of robotics, cutting edge communication technology such as high speed data connections + “Minimal invasive surgery avoids open invasive surgery in favour of closed/local Surgery with fewer traumas, reduces blood loss and incidence of post- surgical complications = —ES—"Governance. Exouifereey (terala) - Atha , Karmibot ines @ €0 + Mahar. — Inspertton of porver Une ‘Gnel) Environment - ON can be used to cl is-asyemble pollutants especially non~ - biodegradable ones reducing their polluting impact. + Robots can be used in SAEBTERT handling and alo ar waste materia ‘which saves the occupational workers in the nuclear plant from potential exposure to hazardous radiations, Societal and Domestic functions * Bandicoot + Humanoid robots ean perform tasks like personal assistance where they will be able to ssist ‘gETLEREEIPs is sighificant as India’s elderly population (above 65) ; “ettow) Set to double from 8% in 2011 to 16% in 2040, 16% in 2040, Boon for Persons with Disability + Autonomous robots - spacecratts, Landers, rovers Vikwamn, Prag yan + Robotic space erafts carract as space probes operating in the vaeuum of space and addition to some or viein uman planetary destinat survival. Disaster Management + Autonomous robotic systems have been designed to explore an: which pose a significant threat to society. Abandoned mines have dangerous explosion of meilfane gas which accumu Bi ich accumulates when they are no longer ventilated. Example- We | Roworics in invita” The All India Couneil for Robotics and Automatiofi{(AICRAY - MesissemurBsosten It will act as incubation environment for startups and other early stage adopters working on Robotics and Robotics Process Automation (RPA) in India. Robotics Process Automation is a technology capability that allows the streamlining of operations in the enterprises. It also allows them to automate their mundane and tedious processes thereby enabling users to enhance their productivity through higher value adding tasks, Government steps: + (Centre \for Artificial Intelligence/and Roboties is located in Bangalore, Karnataka. ‘Way Forward: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE The acti rat have historically required human intelligence- machine learning, pattem recognition, big data, neural networks, self algorithms, natural language processing etc .Eg Facebook list of suggested friends, sale of your favourite brand of shoes ad Initial projects- Blue Brain Project(I8M), Human Connectome Project(USA) EE Sian * . : oa [aE eee ee ~ a ~~ RR * Acc to Canada based company’s report, Global Al Report 2019, India stood at the ninth position in terms of the number of the Al Specialists working inthe field. + CBSE- Al as an elective for 9th grade classes IIT- Hyd- BTechprog in Al Areas: + Econ growth = © 4rth IR © Data analysis- improve efficiency, cut costs-- power management in cars, mobile aerate ices, weather predictions, video and image analysis. SCS Targeted adverts aa + Regulation at Rea ‘© SEBI- using Al to fo Hake manipulation’ ° al suse of big data analysis = Governance © Policing- predictive policing-predicting pattern of crime, digitization of data- [SCTNS(Aonstesadal coon sytem to be integrated) identify criminals, missing people + London- use of FR system to police the city + Telangana- verify voters in local elections + Alhelped track 56 JEE candidates- potential impersonators © Evidence based polloy making policy making oeBorder security and management- understaffed policing Google developed Al tool to /, better detection of . breast cancer- Niramai startup- non invasive risk assessment are 7 ation = data nian az AGA + Agriculture- how much water'the crop needs oy ~ bread NIL Aayog anc{ (BM) i in aspirational districts Hmoging ~ "onee~ mgueiemestigulap in sspiretional districts th'H™t Concerns: ouath + = Threat to jobs «Data colonialism * Data privacy, civil liberties Gorgle + Inaccuracies and biases~Discrimination US( california)- racial biases + Use of facial recognition- surveillance state, weaponisation of info against political opponents ———E—————— Beplees tyne reat tilal aetieation) or ‘© Porography-encourages misogyny, sexual obj © Defamation of indiv- sabotaging personal, proffesional life © Grime- defraud indi for financial gains © Foment social discord and communal violence ‘© Culture of ‘factual relativism - liar’s dividend— undesirable truth often dismissed as deepfake . ok FAIR” ‘Solutions: + Instead of complete ban- need for precision regulation that applies restrictions and oversight to particular use cases and end users where greater risk of societal harm + Microsoft Global Gade of Conduct + More comprehensive domestic framework - balancing promotion of tech with regulation. of misuse Steps: + Baud citoineaatomARAWAP ante tigen Reseach, Anais ard Kamakore Knowledge Assimilation Platform a, aegis jonal Missionjon Interdisciptina AIM we "Task (0 areas- Health, fintech, manuf, eduete * DAIPA Project Agency Vy + RAISE 2020(Responsible Al for Social Empowerment) « Global Partnership on Al Way forward: ay poratin, © Pacititotion @ Repoebormputixy ~ enables date ty be analyred petted : “ieapoct @ fae calye y o nanverg , Chutes dha © otrortal , a) € wo fomprok £49 wie } gory bury 4 Asilomar Al principles #AI for all COMPUTERS he Supereompiiters’ a computer with high level of computing performance compared to general purpose computer, great speed and great memory(250,000.times normal.comp), housed in large clean rooms with high airflow, used to solve problems too complex for standard computers India ‘+ 1st indigenous supercomp in 1991-- by CDAC~- PARAM 8000 + In 2016-9 supercomputers in top 500 but none in Top 10 + 2015- National Supercomputing Mission + Applications: ‘Academic research- eg exploring past and future of universe Weather and climate modelling, monsoon forecasting Medicine discovery Big data mining Phand gas exploration: ‘ensuring energy security irplane and spacecraft aerodynamics research and dev-better safety standards and smoother connectivity ~~ ‘Quantum computing: Exploit the principles of quantum mechanics- compute in, rather Shon gie? Quantum superpostion- processors can be a 1/and a.0 simultaneously unlike conventional ‘computers- and thus can mimic several classical computers working in parallel --- Existence in multiple states is called superposition/and relationships among these states is called _iagempramticy quantum ‘computer solving a problem that cannot be expected of a classical computer in a normal lifetime e Google's quantum computer did a task in ‘200 seconds that would take a) s Quest + Secure communication Optical computing-calculations with the near speed of light by using optical devices and connections in place of transistors. es ‘calculations by recombining DNA in a parallel environment. Metaverse ~ ‘embodied internet’ ~ Yous th the expercence , nob jut lookeig ai it Gs vintual env. thed Mil! lend itself 19 imentrsive cipestences, > tinbeddiny Compiching 1h the real Lori embeddriy the Atal tena im Amypanhy @ Extended Reality 7" Combin of Miupmented, Wituss ® mixed Leatily ~ may rely on Wes ~ feunclaten of value creation ay preva a Ba __ J. pu Seuenee Pramenerk , Ona Naben One dubecrplion’ — otcees by att + Pondieap y woman © LUBE eammunily ah nee fo ah ALON Oh eduanbebry BONITE AAYOG