Kivy

Kivy Documentation
Release 2.2.0.dev0
The Kivy Developers
April 25, 2022

CONTENTS
I Getting Started 3
1 Introduction 5
2 Installing Kivy 7
3 A first App 15
4 Properties 17
5 Kv Design Language 19
6 Events 21
7 Non-widget stuff 23
8 Layouts 25
9 Drawing 27
10 Packaging 29
11 Diving in 31
II Kivy Project 33
12 Philosophy 35
13 Contributing 37
14 FAQ 53
15 Contact Us 59
III Programming Guide 61

16 Kivy Basics 63
17 Controlling the environment 69
18 Configure Kivy 73
19 Architectural Overview 75
i
20 Events and Properties 79
21 Input management 89
22 Widgets 97
23 Graphics 117
24 Kv language 119
25 Integrating with other Frameworks 131
26 Packaging your application 135
27 Package licensing 153
IV Tutorials 157
28 Pong Game Tutorial 159
29 A Simple Paint App 173
30 Crash Course 183
V API Reference 185

31 Kivy framework 187
32 Core Abstraction 299
33 Kivy module for binary dependencies. 339
34 Effects 341
35 Event Manager 347
36 Garden 351
37 Graphics 355
38 Input management 435
39 Kivy Language 461
40 External libraries 483
41 Modules 487
42 Network support 499
43 Storage 503
44 Tools 509
45 Widgets 511
ii
VI Appendix 771
46 License 773
Python Module Index 775
Index 777
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iv
Welcome to Kivy’s documentation. Kivy is an open source software library for the rapid development
of applications equipped with novel user interfaces, such as multi-touch apps.
We recommend that you get started with Getting Started. Then head over to the Programming Guide. We
also have Create an application if you are impatient.
You are probably wondering why you should be interested in using Kivy. There is a document outlining
our Philosophy that we encourage you to read, and a detailed Architectural Overview.
If you want to contribute to Kivy, make sure to read Contributing. If your concern isn’t addressed in the
documentation, feel free to Contact Us.
1
2
Part I
GETTING STARTED
3
4
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
Start Developing Kivy Apps Right Away!

Creating Kivy apps is fun and rewarding. This guide should be the perfect starting point to get you
on the right track for app development. You will require a basic knowledge of Python to follow this
introduction.
If you need more background on the Python language, you might be interested in these tutorials:
• The Official Python Tutorial
• Learn Python in 10 minutes
• Learn Python the hard way
With Kivy, you can create apps that run on:
• Desktop computers: macOS, Linux, Windows.
• iOS devices: iPad, iPhone.
• Android devices: tablets, phones.
• Any other touch-enabled professional/homebrew devices supporting TUIO (Tangible User Inter-
face Objects).
Kivy empowers you with the freedom to write your code once and have it run as-is on different plat-
forms.
Follow this guide to get the tools you need, understand the major concepts and learn best practices. As
this is an introduction, pointers to more information will be provided at the end of each section.
As you proceed through the guide, you will, using Kivy:
• Learn: The basics of programming with the Kivy language.
5
• Explore: The Kivy framework.
• Create: A simple cross-platform app.
• Package: For your choice of platform.
Finally, you will learn how to Deploy on the device of your choice.
Each section of the guide introduces a new topic, trying to give you enough information to get started
and links to related articles for more in-depth explanations. When you are done with this guide, you’ll
be able to develop Kivy apps and you will know where to look for information for the more challenging
stuff your innovative applications will require.
Enough introductions, let’s get down to business.
6
CHAPTER
TWO
INSTALLING KIVY
Installation for Kivy version 2.2.0.dev0. Read the changelog here. For other Kivy versions, select the
documentation from the dropdown on the top left.
Kivy 2.2.0.dev0 officially supports Python versions 3.7 - 3.10.
Platform Installation Packaging
Windows pip PyInstaller
macOS pip, Kivy.app Kivy.app, PyInstaller
Linux pip, PPA —
RPi pip —
Android python-for-android python-for-android

iOS kivy-ios kivy-ios
Anaconda conda —
2.1 Using pip
The easiest way to install Kivy is with pip, which installs Kivy using either a pre-compiled wheel, if
available, otherwise from source (see below).
Kivy provides pre-compiled wheels for the supported Python versions on Windows, macOS, Linux, and
RPi. Alternatively, installing from source is required for newer Python versions not listed above or if the
wheels do not work or fail to run properly.
2.1.1 Setup terminal and pip
Before Kivy can be installed, Python and pip needs to be pre-installed. Then, start a new terminal that
has Python available. In the terminal, update pip and other installation dependencies so you have the
latest version as follows (for linux users you may have to substitute python3 instead of python and
also add a --user flag in the subsequent commands outside the virtual environment):
python -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools virtualenv
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2.1.2 Create virtual environment
Create a new virtual environment for your Kivy project. A virtual environment will prevent possible in-
stallation conflicts with other Python versions and packages. It’s optional but strongly recommended:
1. Create the virtual environment named kivy_venv in your current directory:
python -m virtualenv kivy_venv
2. Activate the virtual environment. You will have to do this step from the current directory every
time you start a new terminal. This sets up the environment so the new kivy_venv Python is
used.
For Windows default CMD, in the command line do:
kivy_venv\Scripts\activate
If you are in a bash terminal on Windows, instead do:
source kivy_venv/Scripts/activate
If you are in linux or macOS, instead do:
source kivy_venv/bin/activate
Your terminal should now preface the path with something like (kivy_venv), indicating that the
kivy_venv environment is active. If it doesn’t say that, the virtual environment is not active and the
following won’t work.
2.1.3 Install Kivy
Finally, install Kivy using one of the following options:
Pre-compiled wheels
The simplest is to install the current stable version of kivy and optionally kivy_examples from the
kivy-team provided PyPi wheels. Simply do:
python -m pip install "kivy[base]" kivy_examples
This also installs the minimum dependencies of Kivy. To additionally install Kivy with audio/video
support, install either kivy[base,media] or kivy[full]. See Kivy’s dependencies for the list of
selectors.
For the Raspberry Pi, you must additionally install the dependencies listed in source dependencies
before installing Kivy above.
8
From source
If a wheel is not available or is not working, Kivy can be installed from source with some additional
steps. Installing from source means that Kivy will be installed from source code and compiled directly
on your system.
First install the additional system dependencies listed for each platform: Windows, macOS, Linux, RPi.
With the dependencies installed, you can now install Kivy into the virtual environment.
To install the stable version of Kivy, from the terminal do:
python -m pip install "kivy[base]" kivy_examples --no-binary kivy
To install the latest cutting-edge Kivy from master, instead do:
python -m pip install "kivy[base] @ https://github.com/kivy/kivy/archive/

,→master.zip"
If you want to install Kivy from a different branch, from your forked repository, or from a specific
commit (e.g. to test a fix from a user’s PR) replace the corresponding components of the url.
For example to install from the stable branch, the url becomes https://github.com/kivy/
kivy/archive/stable.zip. Or to try a specific commit hash, use e.g. https://github.com/
kivy/kivy/archive/3d3e45dda146fef3f4758aea548da199e10eb382.zip
Pre-release, pre-compiled wheels
To install a pre-compiled wheel of the last pre-release version of Kivy, instead of the current stable
version, add the --pre flag to pip:
python -m pip install --pre "kivy[base]" kivy_examples
This will only install a development version of Kivy if one was released to PyPi. Instead, one can also
install the latest cutting-edge Nightly wheels from the Kivy server with:
python -m pip install kivy --pre --no-deps --index-url https://kivy.org/

,→downloads/simple/
python -m pip install "kivy[base]" --pre --extra-index-url https://kivy.

,→org/downloads/simple/
It is done in two steps, because otherwise pip may ignore the wheels on the server and install an older
pre-release version from PyPi.
For the Raspberry Pi, remember to additionally install the dependencies listed in source dependencies
before installing Kivy above.
Development install
If you want to edit Kivy before installing it, or if you want to try fixing some Kivy issue and submit
a pull request with the fix, you will need to first download the Kivy source code. The following steps
assumes git is pre-installed and available in the terminal.
The typical process is to clone Kivy locally with:
git clone git://github.com/kivy/kivy.git
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This creates a kivy named folder in your current path. Next, install the additional system dependencies
listed for each OS: Windows, macOS, Linux, RPi.
Then change to the kivy directory and install Kivy as an editable install:
cd kivy
python -m pip install -e ".[dev,full]"
Now, you can use git to change branches, edit the code and submit a PR. Remember to compile Kivy
each time you change cython files as follows:
python setup.py build_ext --inplace
Or if using bash or on Linux, simply do:
make
to recompile.
To run the test suite, simply run:
pytest kivy/tests
or in bash or Linux:
make test
2.1.4 Checking the demo
Kivy should now be installed. You should be able to import kivy in Python or, if you installed the
Kivy examples, run the demo.
on Windows:
python kivy_venv\share\kivy-examples\demo\showcase\main.py
or in bash, Linux and macOS:
python kivy_venv/share/kivy-examples/demo/showcase/main.py
The exact path to the Kivy examples directory is also stored in kivy.kivy_examples_dir.
The 3d monkey demo under kivy-examples/3Drendering/main.py is also fun to see.
2.2 Installation using Conda
If you use Anaconda, you can install Kivy with its package manager Conda using:
conda install kivy -c conda-forge
Do not use pip to install kivy if you’re using Anaconda, unless you’re installing from source.
10
2.3 Installing Kivy’s dependencies
Kivy supports one or more backends for its core providers. E.g. it supports glew, angle, and sdl2 for the
graphics backend on Windows. For each category (window, graphics, video, audio, etc.), at least one
backend must be installed to be able to use the category.
To facilitate easy installation, we provide extras_require groups that will install selected back-
ends to ensure a working Kivy installation. So one can install Kivy more simply with e.g.``pip install
“kivy[base,media,tuio]”``. The full list of selectors and the packages they install is listed in setup.py.
The exact packages in each selector may change in the future, but the overall goal of each selector will
remain as described below.
We offer the following selectors:
base: The minimum typical dependencies required for Kivy to run, not including
video/audio.
media: Only the video/audio dependencies required for Kivy to be able to play media.
full: All the typical dependencies required for Kivy to run, including video/audio and
most optional dependencies.
dev: All the additional dependencies required to run Kivy in development mode (i.e. it
doesn’t include the base/media/full dependencies). E.g. any headers required for
compilation, and all dependencies required to run the tests and creating the docs.
tuio: The dependencies required to make TUIO work (primarily oscpy).
The following selectors install backends packaged as wheels by kivy under the Kivy_deps namespace.
They are typically released and versioned to match specific Kivy versions, so we provide selectors to
facilitate installation (i.e. instead of having to do pip install kivy kivy_deps.sdl2==x.y.z,
you can now do pip install "kivy[sdl2]" to automatically install the correct sdl2 for the Kivy
version).
gstreamer: The gstreamer video/audio backend, if it’s available (currently only on Win-
dows)
angle: A alternate OpenGL backend, if it’s available (currently only on Windows)
sdl2: The window/image/audio backend, if it’s available (currently only on Windows,
on macOS and Linux it is already included in the main Kivy wheel).
glew: A alternate OpenGL backend, if it’s available (currently only on Windows)
Following are the kivy_deps dependency wheels:
• gstreamer (optional)
kivy_deps.gstreamer is an optional dependency which is only needed for audio/video sup-
port. We only provide it on Windows, for other platforms it must be installed independently.
Alternatively, use ffpyplayer instead.
• glew and/or angle
kivy_deps.glew and kivy_deps.angle are for OpenGL. You can install both, that is no prob-
lem. It is only available on Windows. On other platforms it is not required externally.
One can select which of these to use for OpenGL using the KIVY_GL_BACKEND environment
variable: By setting it to glew (the default), angle_sdl2, or sdl2. Here, angle_sdl2 is a
substitute for glew but requires kivy_deps.sdl2 be installed as well.
• sdl2
kivy_deps.sdl2 is for window/images/audio and optionally OpenGL. It is only available on
Windows and is included in the main Kivy wheel for other platforms.
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2.4 Python glossary
Here we explain how to install Python packages, how to use the command line and what wheels are.
2.4.1 Installing Python
Kivy is written in Python and as such, to use Kivy, you need an existing installation of Python. Multiple
versions of Python can be installed side by side, but Kivy needs to be installed as package under each
Python version that you want to use Kivy in.
To install Python, see the instructions for each platform: Windows, macOS, Linux, RPi.
Once Python is installed, open the console and make sure Python is available by typing python
--version.
2.4.2 How to use the command line
To execute any of the pip or wheel commands given here, you need a command line (here also called
console, terminal, shell or bash, where the last two refer to Linux style command lines) and Python must
be on the PATH.
The default command line on Windows is the command prompt, short cmd. The quickest way to open
it is to press Win+R on your keyboard. In the window that opens, type cmd and then press enter.
Alternative Linux style command lines on Windows that we recommend are Git for Windows or Mysys.
Note, the default Windows command line can still be used, even if a bash terminal is installed.
To temporarily add your Python installation to the PATH, simply open your command line and then use
the cd command to change the current directory to where python is installed, e.g. cd C:\Python37.
If you have installed Python using the default options, then the path to Python will already be per-
manently on your PATH variable. There is an option in the installer which lets you do that, and it is
enabled by default.
If however Python is not on your PATH, follow the these instructions to add it:
• Instructions for the windows command line
• Instructions for bash command lines
2.4.3 What is pip and what are wheels
In Python, packages such as Kivy can be installed with the python package manager, named pip
(“python install package”).
When installing from source, some packages, such as Kivy, require additional steps, like compilation.
Contrary, wheels (files with a .whl extension) are pre-built distributions of a package that has already
been compiled. These wheels do not require additional steps when installing them.
When a wheel is available on pypi.org (“Python Package Index”) it can be installed with pip. For ex-
ample when you execute python -m pip install kivy in a command line, this will automatically
find the appropriate wheel on PyPI.
When downloading and installing a wheel directly, use the command python -m pip install
<wheel_file_name>, for example:
python -m pip install C:\Kivy-1.9.1.dev-cp27-none-win_amd64.whl
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2.4.4 What are nightly wheels
Every day we create a snapshot wheel of the current development version of Kivy (‘nightly wheel’).
You can find the development version in the master branch of the Kivy Github repository.
As opposed to the last stable release (which we discussed in the previous section), nightly wheels contain
all the latest changes to Kivy, including experimental fixes. For installation instructions, see Pre-release,
pre-compiled wheels.
Warning: Using the latest development version can be risky and you might encounter issues during
development. If you encounter any bugs, please report them.
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14
CHAPTER
THREE
A FIRST APP
Immerse yourself in the world of Kivy with your first App.
The Pong Game Tutorial introduces the fundamental design patterns and the application development
process. As you follow the tutorial, you will create a simple app. You will also learn how to run the app
on your OS. The simple steps in the tutorial introduce elegant, useful concepts that you will use over
and over again in app development.
The Pong Game Tutorial is the most important article in the road map. It lays the foundation for the con-
cepts that you will learn more about later. Each of the other articles expands on one of those concepts.
15
16
CHAPTER
FOUR
PROPERTIES
Kivy introduces a new way of declaring properties within a class. Before:
class MyClass(object):
def __init__(self):
super(MyClass, self).__init__()
self.numeric_var = 1
After, using Kivy’s properties:
class MyClass(EventDispatcher):
numeric_var = NumericProperty(1)
These properties implement the Observer pattern. They help you to:
• Easily manipulate widgets defined in the Kv language
• Automatically observe any changes and dispatch functions/code accordingly
• Check and validate values
• Optimize memory management
To use them, you have to declare them at class level. That is, directly in the class, not in any method of
the class. A property is a class attribute that will automatically create instance attributes. Each property
by default provides an on_<propertyname> event that is called whenever the property’s state/value
changes.
Kivy provides the following properties: NumericProperty, StringProperty, ListProperty,
ObjectProperty, BooleanProperty, BoundedNumericProperty, OptionProperty,
ReferenceListProperty, AliasProperty, DictProperty, VariableListProperty,
ConfigParserProperty, ColorProperty
For an in-depth explanation, take a look at Properties.
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18
CHAPTER
FIVE
KV DESIGN LANGUAGE
Kivy provides a design language specifically geared towards easy and scalable GUI Design. The lan-
guage makes it simple to separate the interface design from the application logic, adhering to the sepa-
ration of concerns principle. For example:
In the above code :
<LoginScreen>: # every class in your app can be represented by a rule like

# this in the kv file
GridLayout: # this is how you add your widget/layout to the parent
# (note the indentation).
rows: 2 # this how you set each property of your widget/layout
That’s it, that’s how simple it is to design your GUI in the Kv language. For a more in-depth under-
standing, please refer to the Kv language documentation.
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20
CHAPTER
SIX
EVENTS
Kivy is mostly event-based, meaning the flow of the program is determined by events.
Clock events
The Clock object allows you to schedule a function call in the future as a one-time event with
schedule_once(), or as a repetitive event with schedule_interval().
You can also create Triggered events with create_trigger(). Triggers have the advantage of being
called only once per frame, even if you have scheduled multiple triggers for the same callback.
Input events
All the mouse click, touch and scroll wheel events are part of the MotionEvent, extended by Input
Postprocessing and dispatched through the on_motion event in the Window class. This event then
generates the on_touch_down(), on_touch_move() and on_touch_up() events in the Widget.
For an in-depth explanation, have a look at Input management.
Class events
Our base class EventDispatcher, used by Widget, uses the power of our Properties for dispatching
changes. This means when a widget changes its position or size, the corresponding event is automati-
cally fired.
In addition, you have the ability to create your own events using register_event_type(), as the
on_press and on_release events in the Button widget demonstrate.
Another thing to note is that if you override an event, you become responsible for implementing all its
behaviour previously handled by the base class. The easiest way to do this is to call super():
def on_touch_down(self, touch):

if super().on_touch_down(touch):
return True
if not self.collide_point(touch.x, touch.y):
return False
(continues on next page)
21
(continued from previous page)
print('you touched me!')
return True
Get more familiar with events by reading the Events and Properties documentation.
22
CHAPTER
SEVEN
NON-WIDGET STUFF
Animation is used to change a widget’s prop-

erties (size/pos/center etc.) to a target value
within a target time. Various transition func-
tions are provided. You can use them to animate
widgets and build very smooth UI behaviours.
Atlas is a class for managing texture maps,

i.e. packing multiple textures into one image.
This allows you to reduce the number of images
loaded and thus speed up the application start.
Clock provides you with a convenient way to
• schedule_once()
schedule jobs at set time intervals and is pre-
• schedule_interval()
ferred over sleep(), which would block the kivy
• unschedule()
event loop. These intervals can be set relative to
• create_trigger()
the OpenGL drawing instructions, before or after.
The Clock also provides you with a way to cre-
ate triggered events that are grouped together and
called only once before the next frame.
UrlRequest is useful for asynchronous re-
quests that do not block the event loop. You can
use it to manage the progress of URL requests via
callbacks.
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24
CHAPTER
EIGHT
LAYOUTS
Layouts are containers used to arrange widgets in a particular manner.

AnchorLayout: Widgets can be anchored to the ‘top’, ‘bottom’, ‘left’, ‘right’ or ‘center’.
BoxLayout: Widgets are arranged sequentially, in either a ‘vertical’ or a ‘horizontal’ orien-
tation.
FloatLayout: Widgets are essentially unrestricted.
RelativeLayout: Child widgets are positioned relative to the layout.
GridLayout: Widgets are arranged in a grid defined by the rows and cols properties.
PageLayout: Used to create simple multi-page layouts, in a way that allows easy flipping
from one page to another using borders.
ScatterLayout: Widgets are positioned similarly to a RelativeLayout, but they can be
translated, rotated and scaled.
StackLayout: Widgets are stacked in a lr-tb (left to right then top to bottom) or tb-lr order.
When you add a widget to a layout, the following properties are used to determine the widget’s size
and position, depending on the type of layout:
size_hint: defines the size of a widget as a fraction of the parents size. Values are restricted
to the range 0.0 - 1.0 i.e. 0.01 = 1/100th of the parent size (1%) and 1. = same size (100%).
pos_hint: is used to place the widget relative to the parent.
The size_hint and pos_hint are used to calculate a widget’s size and position only if the value(s) are
not set to None. If you set these values to None, the layout will not position/size the widget and you
can specify the values (x, y, width, height) directly in screen coordinates.
25
26
CHAPTER
NINE
DRAWING
Each widget has a canvas, i.e. a place to draw on. The canvas is a group of drawing instructions that
should be executed whenever there is a change to the widget’s graphical representation.
You can add two types of instructions to the canvas: context instructions and vertex instructions. You
can add instructions either from Python code or from the kv file (the preferred way). If you add them
via the kv file, the advantage is that they are automatically updated when any property they depend
on changes. In Python, you need to do this yourself.
In both cases, the canvas of MyWidget is re-drawn whenever the position or the size of the widget
changes.
You can use the canvas.before or canvas.after groups to separate your instructions based on
when you want them to be executed.
For an in-depth look at how Kivy’s graphics are handled, look here.
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28
CHAPTER
TEN
PACKAGING
• Create a package for Windows

– Requirements
– PyInstaller default hook
• Creating packages for macOS
– Using Buildozer
– Using PyInstaller and Homebrew
• Create a package for Android
– Packaging with python-for-android
– Packaging your application for the Kivy Launcher
• Create a package for iOS
– Compile the distribution
– Create an Xcode project
– Customize the Xcode project
– Known issues
– FAQ
29
30
CHAPTER
ELEVEN
DIVING IN
To get straight into kivy, take a look at Welcome to Kivy.

Kivy comes with a set of examples (Gallery of Examples) in the kivy_installation/examples
directory. You should try modifying/improving/adapting them to your needs.
Browse our wiki for info on related projects, tutorials and snippets.
Understand the basics about Graphics.
Take a look at the built-in Widgets.
Follow the Programming Guide to get even more familiar with kivy.
See how to use different Modules in the modules section, such as the Inspector for live inspection.
Learn how to handle custom Input management.
Familiarize yourself with the Kivy Framework.
Kivy is open source, so you can contribute. Take a look at the Contributing section for guidelines.
31
32
Part II
KIVY PROJECT
This part of the documentation explains the basic ideas behind Kivy’s design and why you’d want to
use it.
33
34
CHAPTER
TWELVE
PHILOSOPHY
In case you are wondering what Kivy is all about and what sets it apart from other solutions, this
document is for you.
12.1 Why bother?
Why would you want to use Kivy? After all, there are many great toolkits (or frameworks, or platforms)
available out there – for free. You have Qt and Flash, to name just two good choices for application
development. Many of these numerous solutions already support Multi-Touch, so what is it that makes
Kivy special and worth using?
12.1.1 Fresh
Kivy is made for today and tomorrow. Novel input methods such as Multi-Touch have become increas-
ingly important. We created Kivy from scratch, specifically for this kind of interaction. That means we
were able to rethink many things in terms of human computer interaction, whereas older (not to mean
‘outdated’, rather ‘well-established’) toolkits carry their legacy, which is often a burden. We’re not try-
ing to force this new approach to using a computer into the corset of existing models (say single-pointer
mouse interaction). We want to let it flourish and let you explore the possibilities. This is what really
sets Kivy apart.
12.1.2 Fast
Kivy is fast. This applies to both application development and application execution speeds. We have op-
timized Kivy in many ways. We implement time-critical functionality on the C level to leverage the
power of existing compilers. More importantly, we also use intelligent algorithms to minimize costly
operations. We also use the GPU wherever it makes sense in our context. The computational power
of today’s graphics cards surpasses that of today’s CPUs by far for some tasks and algorithms, espe-
cially drawing. That’s why we try to let the GPU do as much of the work as possible, thus increasing
performance considerably.
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12.1.3 Flexible
Kivy is flexible. This means it can be run on a variety of different devices, including iOS and Android pow-
ered smartphones and tablets. We support all major operating systems (Windows, Linux, macOS). Being
flexible also means that Kivy’s fast-paced development allows it to adapt to new technologies quickly. More
than once have we added support for new external devices and software protocols, sometimes even be-
fore they were released. Lastly, Kivy is also flexible in that it is possible to use it in combination with a
great number of different third-party solutions. For example, on Windows we support WM_TOUCH,
which means that any device that has Windows 7 Pen & Touch drivers will just work with Kivy. On
macOS you can use Apple’s Multi-Touch capable devices, such as trackpads and mice. On Linux, you
can use HID kernel input events. In addition to that, we support TUIO (Tangible User Interface Objects)
and a number of other input sources.
12.1.4 Focused
Kivy is focused. You can write a simple application with a few lines of code. Kivy programs are created
using the Python programming language, which is incredibly versatile and powerful, yet easy to use. In
addition, we created our own description language, the Kivy Language, for creating sophisticated user
interfaces. This language allows you to set up, connect and arrange your application elements quickly.
We feel that allowing you to focus on the essence of your application is more important than forcing
you to fiddle with compiler settings. We took that burden off your shoulders.
12.1.5 Funded
Kivy is actively developed by professionals in their field. Kivy is a community-influenced, profession-

ally developed and commercially backed solution. Some of our core developers develop Kivy for a
living. Kivy is here to stay. It’s not a small, vanishing student project.
12.1.6 Free
Kivy is free to use. You don’t have to pay for it. You don’t even have to pay for it if you’re making
money out of selling an application that uses Kivy.
36
CHAPTER
THIRTEEN
CONTRIBUTING
There are many ways in which you can contribute to Kivy. Code patches are just one thing amongst
others that you can submit to help the project. We also welcome feedback, bug reports, feature requests,
documentation improvements, advertisement & advocating, testing, graphics contributions and many
other ideas. Just talk to us if you want to help, and we will help you help us.
13.1 Discussions
Discussions around Kivy development happens on Github’s issues and pull requests for specific things.
For things that don’t fit in either, discussions happen on the #dev Discord channel, and on the kivy-dev
google group. Please come ask for guidance if you are unsure about how to contribute, or you want
confirmation about your ideas fitting in the project before working on them. If you want to ask for —
or contribute — support, you can join the #support Discord channel, and the kivy-users google group.
13.2 Code of Conduct
In the interest of fostering an open and welcoming community, we as contributors and maintainers need
to ensure participation in our project and our sister projects is a harassment-free and positive experience
for everyone.
As such, it is vital that all interaction is conducted in a manner conveying respect, open-mindedness
and gratitude. For a more comprehensive discussion of these guidelines, please refer to the Contributor
Covenant. This document provides an accurate description of what is expected of you, both as a core
developer or a first time contributor.
13.3 Feedback
This is by far the easiest way to contribute something. If you’re using Kivy for your own project,
don’t hesitate sharing. It doesn’t have to be a high-class enterprise app, obviously. It’s just incredibly
motivating to know that people use the things you develop and what it enables them to do. If you have
something that you would like to tell us, please don’t hesitate. Screenshots and videos are also very
welcome! We’re also interested in the problems you had when getting started. Please feel encouraged to
report any obstacles you encountered such as missing documentation, misleading directions or similar.
We are perfectionists, so even if it’s just a typo, let us know.
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13.4 Reporting an Issue
If you found anything wrong, a crash, segfault, missing documentation, invalid spelling or just weird
examples, please take 2 minutes to report the issue.
1. Move your logging level to debug by editing <user_directory>/.kivy/config.ini:
[kivy]
log_level = debug
2. Execute your code again, and copy/paste the complete output to http://gist.github.com/, in-
cluding the log from Kivy and the python backtrace.
3. Open https://github.com/kivy/kivy/issues/
4. Set the title of your issue
5. Explain exactly what to do to reproduce the issue and paste the link of the output posted on
http://gist.github.com/
6. Validate the issue and you’re done!
If you are feeling up to it, you can also try to resolve the bug, and contribute by sending us the patch :)
Read the next section to find out how to do this.
13.5 Code Contributions
Code contributions (patches, new features) are the most obvious way to help with the project’s devel-
opment. Since this is so common we ask you to follow our workflow to most efficiently work with us.
Adhering to our workflow ensures that your contribution won’t be forgotten or lost. Also, your name
will always be associated with the change you made, which basically means eternal fame in our code
history (you can opt-out if you don’t want that).
13.5.1 Coding style
• If you haven’t done it yet, read the PEP8 about coding style in python.
• Activate the pep8 and other basic checks on git commits like this:
make hook
This will pass the code added to the git staging zone (about to be committed) through a checker program
when you do a commit, and ensure that you didn’t introduce style errors. If you did, the commit will
be rejected: please correct the errors and try again.
The checker used is pre-commit. If you need to skip a particular check see documentation, TLDR being
that putting SKIP=hookname in front of git commit will skip that hook, the name of the offending hook is
shown when it fails.
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13.5.2 Performance
• take care of performance issues: read Python performance tips

• cpu intensive parts of Kivy are written in cython: if you are doing a lot of computation, consider
using it too.
13.5.3 Git & GitHub
We use git as our version control system for our code base. If you have never used git or a similar
DVCS (or even any VCS) before, we strongly suggest you take a look at the great documentation that
is available for git online. The Git Community Book or the Git Videos are both great ways to learn git.
Trust us when we say that git is a great tool. It may seem daunting at first, but after a while you’ll
(hopefully) love it as much as we do. Teaching you git, however, is well beyond the scope of this
document.
Also, we use GitHub to host our code. In the following we will assume that you have a (free) GitHub
account. While this part is optional, it allows for a tight integration between your patches and our
upstream code base. If you don’t want to use GitHub, we assume you know what you are doing
anyway.
13.5.4 Code Workflow
So here is the initial setup to begin with our workflow (you only need to do this once to install Kivy).
Basically you follow the installation instructions from Development install, but you don’t clone our repos-
itory, you fork it. Here are the steps:
1. Log in to GitHub
2. Create a fork of the Kivy repository by clicking the fork button.
3. Clone your fork of our repository to your computer. Your fork will have the git remote name
‘origin’ and you will be on branch ‘master’:
git clone https://github.com/username/kivy.git
4. Compile and set up PYTHONPATH or install (see Development install).

5. Install our pre-commit hook that ensures your code doesn’t violate our styleguide by executing
make hook from the root directory of your clone. This will run our styleguide check whenever
you do a commit, and if there are violations in the parts that you changed, your commit will be
aborted. Fix & retry.
6. Add the kivy repo as a remote source:
git remote add kivy https://github.com/kivy/kivy.git
Now, whenever you want to create a patch, you follow the following steps:
1. See if there is a ticket in our bug tracker for the fix or feature and announce that you’ll
be working on it if it doesn’t yet have an assignee.
2. Create a new, appropriately named branch in your local repository for that specific
feature or bugfix. (Keeping a new branch per feature makes sure we can easily pull in
your changes without pulling any other stuff that is not supposed to be pulled.):
git checkout -b new_feature
3. Modify the code to do what you want (e.g. fix it).
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4. Test the code. Try to do this even for small fixes. You never know whether you have
introduced some weird bug without testing.
5. Do one or more minimal, atomic commits per fix or per feature. Minimal/Atomic
means keep the commit clean. Don’t commit other stuff that doesn’t logically belong to
this fix or feature. This is not about creating one commit per line changed. Use git
add -p if necessary.
6. Give each commit an appropriate commit message, so that others who are not familiar
with the matter get a good idea of what you changed.
7. Once you are satisfied with your changes, pull our upstream repository and merge it
with you local repository. We can pull your stuff, but since you know exactly what’s
changed, you should do the merge:
git pull kivy master
8. Push your local branch into your remote repository on GitHub:
git push origin new_feature
9. Send a Pull Request with a description of what you changed via the button in the GitHub
interface of your repository. (This is why we forked initially. Your repository is linked
against ours.)
Warning: If you change parts of the code base that require compilation, you will have
to recompile in order for your changes to take effect. The make command will do that
for you (see the Makefile if you want to know what it does). If you need to clean your
current directory from compiled files, execute make clean. If you want to get rid of all
files that are not under version control, run make distclean (Caution: If your changes
are not under version control, this command will delete them!)
Now we will receive your pull request. We will check whether your changes are clean and make sense
(if you talked to us before doing all of this we will have told you whether it makes sense or not). If so,
we will pull them and you will get instant karma. Congratulations, you’re a hero!
13.6 Documentation Contributions
Documentation contributions generally follow the same workflow as code contributions, but are just a
bit more lax.
1. Following the instructions above,
1. Fork the repository.
2. Clone your fork to your computer.
3. Setup kivy repo as a remote source.
2. Install python-sphinx. (See docs/README for assistance.)
3. Use ReStructuredText_Markup to make changes to the HTML documentation in docs/sources.
To submit a documentation update, use the following steps:
1. Create a new, appropriately named branch in your local repository:
git checkout -b my_docs_update
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2. Modify the documentation with your correction or improvement.
3. Re-generate the HTML pages, and review your update:
make html
4. Give each commit an appropriate commit message, so that others who are not familiar with the
matter get a good idea of what you changed.
5. Keep each commit focused on a single related theme. Don’t commit other stuff that doesn’t logi-
cally belong to this update.
6. Push to your remote repository on GitHub:
git push
7. Send a Pull Request with a description of what you changed via the button in the GitHub interface
of your repository.
We don’t ask you to go through all the hassle just to correct a single typo, but for more complex contri-
butions, please follow the suggested workflow.
13.6.1 Docstrings
Every module/class/method/function needs a docstring, so use the following keywords when rele-
vant:
• .. versionadded:: to mark the version in which the feature was added.
• .. versionchanged:: to mark the version in which the behaviour of the feature was changed.
• .. note:: to add additional info about how to use the feature or related feature.
• .. warning:: to indicate a potential issue the user might run into using the feature.
Examples:
def my_new_feature(self, arg):

"""
New feature is awesome
.. versionadded:: 1.1.4
.. note:: This new feature will likely blow your mind
.. warning:: Please take a seat before trying this feature

"""
Will result in:

def my_new_feature(self, arg): New feature is awesome
New in version 1.1.4.
Note: This new feature will likely blow your mind
Warning: Please take a seat before trying this feature
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When referring to other parts of the api use:
• :mod:`~kivy.module` to refer to a module
• :class:`~kivy.module.Class` to refer to a class
• :meth:`~kivy.module.Class.method` to refer to a method
• :doc:àpi-kivy.module` to refer to the documentation of a module (same for a class and a
method)
Obviously replacing module Class and method with their real name, and using using ‘.’ to separate
modules referring to imbricated modules, e.g:
:mod:`~kivy.uix.floatlayout`
:class:`~kivy.uix.floatlayout.FloatLayout`
:meth:`~kivy.core.window.WindowBase.toggle_fullscreen`
:doc:`/api-kivy.core.window`
Will result in:

floatlayout FloatLayout toggle_fullscreen() Window
:doc: and :mod: are essentially the same, except for an anchor in the url which makes :doc: preferred for
the cleaner url.
To build your documentation, run:
make html
If you updated your kivy install, and have some trouble compiling docs, run:
make clean force html
The docs will be generated in docs/build/html. For more information on docstring formatting,
please refer to the official Sphinx Documentation.
13.7 Unit tests contributions
For the testing team, we have the document Unit tests that explains how Kivy unit tests work and how
you can create your own. Use the same approach as the Code Workflow to submit new tests.
13.7.1 Unit tests
Tests are located in the kivy/tests folder. If you find a bug in Kivy, a good thing to do can be to write a
minimal case showing the issue and to ask core devs if the behaviour shown is intended or a real bug.
If you write your code as a unittest , it will prevent the bug from coming back unnoticed in the future,
and wil make Kivy a better, stronger project. Writing a unittest may be a really good way to get familiar
with Kivy while doing something useful.
Unit tests are separated into two cases:
• Non graphical unit tests: these are standard unit tests that can run in a console
• Graphical unit tests: these need a GL context, and if requested, work via image comparison
To be able to run unit tests, you need to install pytest (https://pytest.org/), and coverage (http://
nedbatchelder.com/code/coverage/). You can use pip for that:
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sudo pip install pytest coverage
Then, in the kivy directory:
make test
How it works
All the tests are located in kivy/tests, and the filename starts with test_<name>.py. Pytest will automati-
cally gather all the files and classes inside this folder, and use them to generate test cases.
To write a test, create a file that respects the previous naming, then start with this template:
import unittest
class XXXTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
# import class and prepare everything here.
pass
def test_YYY(self):
# place your test case here
a = 1
self.assertEqual(a, 1)
Replace XXX with an appropriate name that covers your tests cases, then replace ‘YYY’ with the name
of your test. If you have any doubts, check how the other tests have been written.
Then, to execute them, just run:
make test
If you want to execute that file only, you can run:
pytest kivy/tests/test_yourtestcase.py
or include this simple unittest.main() call at the end of the file and run the test with python
test_yourtestcase.py:
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
Graphical unit tests
While simple unit tests are fine and useful to keep things granular, in certain cases we need to test Kivy
after the GL Window is created to interact with the graphics, widgets and to test more advanced stuff
such as widget, modules, various cases of input and interaction with everything that becomes available
only after the Window is created and Kivy properly initialized.
These tests are executed the same way like the ordinary unit tests i.e. either with pytest or via
unittest.main().
Here are two similar examples with different approaches of running the app. In the first one you are
setting up the required stuff manually and the tearDown() of the GraphicUnitTest may only attempt to
clean it after you:
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from kivy.tests.common import GraphicUnitTest
class MyTestCase(GraphicUnitTest):
def test_runtouchapp(self):
# non-integrated approach
from kivy.app import runTouchApp
from kivy.uix.button import Button
button = Button()
runTouchApp(button)
# get your Window instance safely

from kivy.base import EventLoop
EventLoop.ensure_window()
window = EventLoop.window
# your asserts
self.assertEqual(window.children[0], button)
self.assertEqual(
window.children[0].height,
window.height
)
In the second test case both setUp() and tearDown() work together with GraphicUnitTest.render(). This is
the basic setup it does automatically:
• Window is sized to 320 x 240 px
• Only the default Config is used during the test, it’s restricted with the
KIVY_USE_DEFAULTCONFIG environment variable
• Any input (mouse/touch/. . . ) is removed and if you need to test it, either mock it or manually add
it
• Window’s canvas is cleared before displaying any widget tree
Warning: Do NOT use absolute numbers in your tests to preserve the functionality across the all
resolutions. Instead, use e.g. relative position or size and multiply it by the Window.size in your test.
from kivy.tests.common import GraphicUnitTest, UnitTestTouch
class MyTestCase(GraphicUnitTest):
def test_render(self):
# with GraphicUnitTest.render() you basically do this:

# runTouchApp(Button()) + some setup before
button = Button()
self.render(button)
# get your Window instance safely

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window = EventLoop.window
touch = UnitTestTouch(
*[s / 2.0 for s in window.size]
)
# bind something to test the touch with

button.bind(
on_release=lambda instance: setattr(
instance, 'test_released', True
)
)
# then let's touch the Window's center

touch.touch_down()
touch.touch_up()
self.assertTrue(button.test_released)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import unittest
unittest.main()
Note: Make sure you check the source of kivy.tests.common before writing comprehensive test cases.
GL unit tests
GL unit test are more difficult. You must know that even if OpenGL is a standard, the output/rendering
is not. It depends on your GPU and the driver used. For these tests, the goal is to save the output of the
rendering at frame X, and compare it to a reference image.
Currently, images are generated at 320x240 pixels, in png format.
Note: Currently, image comparison is done per-pixel. This means the reference image that you generate
will only be correct for your GPU/driver. If somebody can implement image comparison with “delta”
support, patches are welcome :)
To execute GL unit tests, you need to create a directory:
mkdir kivy/tests/results
KIVY_UNITTEST_SCREENSHOTS=1 make test
The results directory will contain all the reference images and the generated images. After the first
execution, if the results directory is empty, no comparison will be done. It will use the generated images
as reference. After the second execution, all the images will be compared to the reference images.
A html file is available to show the comparison before/after the test, and a snippet of the associated
unit test. It will be generated at:
kivy/tests/build/index.html
45
Note: The build directory is cleaned after each call to make test. If you don’t want that, just use pytest
command.
Writing GL Unit tests
The idea is to create a root widget, as you would do in build(), or in kivy.base.runTouchApp().

You’ll give that root widget to a rendering function which will capture the output in X frames.
Here is an example:
from kivy.tests.common import GraphicUnitTest
class VertexInstructionTestCase(GraphicUnitTest):
def test_ellipse(self):
from kivy.uix.widget import Widget
from kivy.graphics import Ellipse, Color
r = self.render
# create a root widget

wid = Widget()
# put some graphics instruction on it

with wid.canvas:
Color(1, 1, 1)
self.e = Ellipse(pos=(100, 100), size=(200, 100))
# render, and capture it directly

r(wid)
# as alternative, you can capture in 2 frames:

r(wid, 2)
# or in 10 frames
r(wid, 10)
Each call to self.render (or r in our example) will generate an image named as follows:
<classname>_<funcname>-<r-call-count>.png
r-call-count represents the number of times that self.render is called inside the test function.
The reference images are named:
ref_<classname>_<funcname>-<r-call-count>.png
You can easily replace the reference image with a new one if you wish.
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Coverage reports
Coverage is based on the execution of previous tests. Statistics on code coverage are automatically
calculated during execution. You can generate an html report of the coverage with the command:
make cover
Then, open kivy/htmlcov/index.html with your favorite web browser.
13.8 GSOC
13.8.1 Google Summer of Code - 2017
Introduction
Kivy is a cross-platform, business friendly, GPU accelerated open source Python library for rapid de-
velopment of applications that make use of innovative user interfaces, such as multi-touch apps.
The Kivy Organization oversees several major projects:
• The Kivy GUI Library
• The Python-For-Android compilation tool.
• The Kivy-iOS compilation tool.
• The PyJNIus library for interfacing with Java from Python.
• The PyOBJus library for interfacing with Objective-C from Python.
• The Plyer platform-independent Python wrapper for platform dependent APIs.
• Buildozer - A generic Python packager for Android, iOS, and desktop.
• KivEnt - A 2d Game Engine that provides optimized methods of handling large amounts of dy-
namic visual data.
• Kivy Designer - A graphical GUI designer for Kivy built in Kivy.
Altogether, these projects allow the user to create applications for every major operating system that
make use of any native APIs present. Our goal is to enable development of Python applications that
run everywhere off the same codebase and make use of platform dependent APIs and features that
users of specific operating systems have come to expect.
Depending on which project you choose you may need to know Cython, OpenGL ES2, Java, Objective-
C, or C in addition to Python. We make heavy use of Cython and OpenGL for computational and
graphics performance where it matters, and the other languages are typically involved in accessing OS
or provider level APIs.
We are hoping to participate in Google Summer of Code 2017. This page showcases some ideas for
GSoC projects and corresponding guidelines for students contributing to the Kivy Framework.
47
Requirements
It is assumed that the incoming student meets some basic requirements as highlighted here:
• Intermediate level familiarity with Python.
• Comfortable with git and github (Kivy and its sister projects are all managed on github) If you
have never used github before you may be interested in this tutorial.
• Comfortable with event driven programming.
• Has suitable tools/environment for Kivy or the sister project you are going to work on. For ex-
ample to be able to work on PyOBJus you would need access to an iOS device, OS X with Xcode
and a developer license, to work on PyJNIus you would need an Android device, and to work on
plyer you would need access to hardware for both platforms.
Additional desired skills may be listed with specific projects.
Familiarize yourself with the contribution guide We can help you get up to speed, however students
demonstrating ability in advance will be given preference.
How to get started
For Kivy, the easiest way is to follow the installation instructions for the development version for your
specific platform:
http://kivy.org/docs/installation/installation.html#development-version
For the rest it’s usually sufficient to install the relevant project from git and add it to your PYTHON-
PATH.
e.g. for PyJNIus:
git clone http://github.com/kivy/pyjnius

export PYTHONPATH=/path/to/pyjnius:$PYTHONPATH
Project Ideas
Here are some prospective ideas sourced from the Kivy development team, if none of these projects
interest you come talk to us in #kivy-dev about a project idea of your own.
Beginner Projects
These projects should be suitable for anyone with a college level familiarity with Python and require
little knowledge of platform specifics.
Intermediate Projects
These projects may involve cursory level knowledge of several OS level details, some OpenGL interac-
tion, or other topics that may be a bit out of the wheelhouse of the average Pythonista.
Plyer:
Description: Plyer is a platform-independent Python API to use features commonly found
on the desktop and mobile platforms supported by Kivy. The idea is to provide a stable
API to the user for accessing features of their desktop or mobile device.
48
The student would replace some .java code currently in the p4a project to a more ap-
propriate place in Plyer. In addition, the student would work on improving access to
platform specific features through Plyer, including accessibility, Bluetooth Low Energy,
accessing and editing contacts, sharing, NFC, in-app browser, Wi-Fi (enable, disable,
access to Wi-Fi services (Wi-Fi direct, network accessibility, current IP info on network
etc.), Camera capture (video), camera display, Google Play integration, launch phone
call interface, sms interface, geolocation, interaction with notifications, international-
ization (I18N), and all the missing platform implementations from existing features.
Under the hood you’ll use PyJNIus on Android, PyOBJus on OS X and iOS, ctypes
on Windows, and native APIs on Linux. This probably would also include improving
PyOBJus and PyJNIus to handle interfaces that they can’t right now.
References:
• https://github.com/kivy/plyer
• https://github.com/kivy/pyjnius
• https://github.com/kivy/pyobjus
• https://github.com/kivy/python-for-android
• https://github.com/kivy/kivy-ios
Expected outcome: A successful outcome would include moving the Java/PyOBJus code
from p4a/kivy-ios to plyer and implementing some or all of the new facades to be
decided with the student.
• Mentors: Akshay Arora
• Requirements: Access to Linux, Windows, OS X, iOS device, Android device.
• Task level: Intermediate
• Desired Skills: Familiarity with PyJNIus, PyOBJus.
Font Reshaping and Font Fallback Support
Description: Currently Kivy does not support reshaping for alphabets such as Arabic, Per-
sian, Thai, or Devanagari. The solution is to integrate a text shaping and layout engine
(Pango and Harfbuzz). You would need to ensure that Pango and Harfbuzz can be
compiled on every platform, and integrate it as a core text provider.
The second part of the same project would involve font fallback support. If a particular
character/glyph is missing, currently we show a [] box. The solution for this would
involve either using an OS API if available or maintaining a hashtable for the default
fonts on each OS which can be used for glyph fallback.
References:
• http://www.pango.org
• https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/HarfBuzz/
• https://github.com/kivy/kivy/tree/master/kivy/core/text
Expected outcome: Font fallback and text reshaping support in Kivy, compilation recipes
for Python-For-Android and packaging on desktop platforms.
• Mentors: Akshay Arora, Jacob Kovac, Matthew Einhorn
• Requirements: Access to a desktop OS and ideally at least one mobile platform
• Task level: Intermediate
• Desired Skills: Familiarity with text rendering, Pango, HarfBuzz and Kivy’s provider
abstraction.
49
Advanced Projects
These projects may involve very in-depth knowledge of Kivy’s existing internals, the hairy details of
cross-platform compilation, or other fairly advanced topics. If you are comfortable with the internals
of Python, working with C code, and using Cython to build your own C extensions these projects may
appeal to you.
Kivent: Chipmunk 7 Integration
Description: KivEnt is a modular entity-component based game engine built on top of Kivy.
KivEnt provides a highly performant approach to building games in Python that avoids
some of the worst overhead of Python using specialized Cython constructs.
At the moment, KivEnt internally makes use of the cymunk library (https://github.
com/tito/cymunk) for physics simulation and collision detection. Cymunk is based
on Chipmunk2d 6.x, recently Chipmunk 7 has released and brought many previously
premium features into the core library. In addition to the API changes present in the
newest Chipmunk, the KivEnt - Cymunk bridging does not make most efficient use of
the KivEnt API for handling C level objects and data. The student will be responsible
for creating a new wrapper over Chipmunk2d 7 that better matches KivEnt’s approach
to handling game data.
References:
• http://chipmunk-physics.net/
• https://github.com/kivy/kivent
Expected Outcome: A successful outcome involves a new kivent_tiled module being re-
leased for the KivEnt game engine.
• Mentors: Jacob Kovac
• Requirements: Access to at least one Kivy platform.
• Task level: Advanced
• Desired Skills: Familiarity with Cython, Python, and game dev related math concepts.
KV Compiler: A compiler for the KV language
Description: The KV language is a fundamental component of Kivy. The KV language
allows one to describe a GUI; from the creation of a Widget tree to the actions that
should be taken in response value changes and events. In effect it is a concise way
to create rule bindings using the Kivy properties and events. Internally, python code
that reflects these rules are created and bound to the properties and events. Currently,
these bindings are not at all optimized because upon each widget creation all of these
rules are re-evaluated and bound. This process can be significantly optimized by pre-
compiling the kv code, especially the bindings. A compiler would also allow us to
update and fix some of the long-standing kv language issues.
Work on a kv-compiler has already progressed quite far, in fact a PR in the pre-alpha
stage, is currently open. However, it is out of sync with the current codebase due to
some unrelated kv changes in the meantime. Also, that PR would require a significant
re-write to make things more modular, self-contained, and extensible. So there is much
work still to be done on it.
Theming has also been a prepatual issue in Kivy, a KV compiler may help implement
bindings that facilitate theming.
References:
• https://kivy.org/docs/guide/lang.html
50
• https://github.com/kivy/kivy/pull/3456
• https://github.com/kivy/kivy/wiki/KEP001:-Instantiate-things-other-than-widgets-from-kv
• https://github.com/kivy/kivy/issues/691
• https://github.com/kivy/kivy/issues/2727
Expected Outcome: A successful outcome would be a compiler which compiles kv code
into python code. The compiler should be modular and extensible so that we can
continue to improve the kv language. The compiler should have the common de-
bug/optimization options. The compiled code should also be human readable so is-
sues could be traced back to the original kv code. The compiler should also be a drop
in replacement for the current KV runtime compiler, and would require extensive test-
ing.
• Mentors: Matthew Einhorn
• Requirements: Access to at least one Kivy platform.
• Task level: Advanced
• Desired Skills: Familiarity with Cython, Python, and Kivy. Familiarity with typical
computer science concepts and data structures is also desired.
How to Contact devs
All communication must happen via public channels, private emails and Discord private messages are
discouraged.
Ask your questions on the Kivy Users forum https://groups.google.com/group/kivy-users or send a
mail at kivy-users@googlegroups.com
Make sure to join the kivy-dev user group too: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/kivy-dev.
You can also try to contact us on Discord, to get the Discord handles of the devs mentioned above visit
https://kivy.org/#aboutus.
Make sure to read the Discord rules before connecting. Connect to Discord.
Most of our developers are located in Europe, India, and North America so keep in mind typical waking
hours for these areas.
How to be a good student
If you want to participate as a student and want to maximize your chances of being accepted, start
talking to us today and try fixing some smaller problems to get used to our workflow. If we know you
can work well with us, you will have much better chances of being selected.
Here’s a checklist:
• Make sure to read through the website and at least skim the documentation.
• Look at the source code.
• Read our contribution guidelines.
• Make a contribution! Kivy would like to see how you engage with the development process. Take
a look at the issue tracker for a Kivy project that interests you and submit a Pull Request. It can
be a simple bug or a documentation change. We are looking to get a feel for how you work, not
evaluating your capabilities. Don’t worry about trying to pick something to impress us.
• Pick an idea that you think is interesting from the ideas list or come up with your own idea.
51
• Do some research yourself. GSoC is about give and take, not just one sided interaction. It is about
you trying to achieve agreed upon goals with our support. The main driving force in this should
be, obviously, yourself. Many students pop up and ask what they should do. You should base that
decision on your interests and your skills. Show us you’re serious about it and take the initiative.
• Write a draft proposal about what you want to do. Include what you understand the current state
of the project to be, what you would like to improve, how, etc.
• Discuss that proposal with us in a timely manner. Get feedback.
• Be patient! Especially on Discord. We will try to get to you if we’re available. If not, send an
email and just wait. Most questions are already answered in the docs or somewhere else and can
be found with some research. Your questions should reflect that you’ve actually thought through
what you’re asking and done some rudimentary research.
• Most of all don’t forget to have fun and interact with the community. The community is as big a
part of Open Source as the code itself.
What to expect if you are chosen
• All students should join the #support and the #dev Discord channels daily, this is how the devel-
opment team communicates both internally and with the users.
• You and your mentors will agree on two week milestones for the duration of the summer.
• Development will occur in your fork of the master branch of Kivy, we expect you to submit at
least one PR a week from your branch into a branch reserved for you in the primary repo. This
will be your forum for reporting progress as well as documenting any struggles you may have
encountered.
• Missing 2 weekly PR or 2 milestones will result in your failure unless there have been extenuating
circumstances. If something comes up, please inform your mentors as soon as possible. If a
milestone seems out of reach we will work with you to reevaluate the goals.
• Your changes will be merged into master once the project has been completed and we have thor-
oughly tested on every platform that is relevant.
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CHAPTER
FOURTEEN
FAQ
There are a number of questions that repeatedly need to be answered. The following document tries to
answer some of them.
14.1 Technical FAQ
14.1.1 Unable to get a Window, abort.
If Kivy cannot instantiate a Window core provider (mostly SDL2), you’ll see this. The underlying issue
depends on many things:
• Check your installation. Twice.
• Check that your graphics driver support OpenGL 2.1 at the minimum. Otherwise, Kivy can’t run.
• If you use windows and ANGLE (KIVY_GL_BACKEND=angle_sdl2), check that you have Di-
rectX 9 support.
• If your platform doesn’t supports OpenGL, SDL2 cannot initialize OpenGL.
• Don’t mix the architecture of the dependencies (e.g. Python 64-bit and 32-bit extensions/SDL2)
• Don’t mix python installation: e.g. if you have Python and Anaconda installed, the Python actu-
ally run may be different than you think. Similarly, if you have multiple Python versions available
on the PATH, they may clash.
• Check your PATH to ensure that other programs in it don’t provide the same dlls as Kivy/Python,
or bad stuff can happen.
– This commonly happens if some other program that uses similar dependencies as Kivy adds
itself to the PATH so that Kivy’s dependencies clash with theirs.
– Please read this and this for more details on PATH.
– The best tool to troubleshoot this is with Dependency Walker explained here and here.
– But ensure that you’re launching it from the identical environment that you start Python.
• Ensure you have all dependencies installed (like kivy_deps.sdl2).
• Maybe your drivers have some missing OpenGL symbols? Try to switch to another graphics
backend with KIVY_GL_BACKEND.
• Maybe your Pycharm configuration is incorrect.
53
14.1.2 Fatal Python error: (pygame parachute) Segmentation Fault
Most of time, this issue is due to the usage of old graphics drivers. Install the latest graphics driver
available for your graphics card, and it should be ok.
If not, this means you have probably triggered some OpenGL code without an available OpenGL con-
text. If you are loading images, atlases, using graphics instructions, you must spawn a Window first:
# method 1 (preferred)
# method 2
from kivy.core.window import Window
If not, please report a detailed issue on github by following the instructions in the Reporting an Issue
section of the Contributing documentation. This is very important for us because that kind of error can
be very hard to debug. Give us all the information you can give about your environment and execution.
14.1.3 undefined symbol: glGenerateMipmap
You graphics card or its drivers might be too old. Update your graphics drivers to the latest available
version and retry.
14.1.4 ImportError: No module named event
If you use Kivy from our development version, you must compile it before using it. In the kivy directory,
do:
make force
14.2 Android FAQ
14.2.1 Crash on touch interaction on Android 2.3.x
There have been reports of crashes on Adreno 200/205 based devices. Apps otherwise run fine but
crash when interacted with/through the screen.
These reports also mentioned the issue being resolved when moving to an ICS or higher ROM.
14.2.2 Is it possible to have a kiosk app on android 3.0 ?
Thomas Hansen have wrote a detailed answer on the kivy-users mailing list:
https://groups.google.com/d/msg/kivy-users/QKoCekAR1c0/yV-85Y_iAwoJ
Basically, you need to root the device, remove the SystemUI package, add some lines to the xml config-
uration, and you’re done.
54
14.2.3 What’s the difference between python-for-android from Kivy and SL4A?
Despite having the same name, Kivy’s python-for-android is not related to the python-for-android
project from SL4A, Py4A, or android-python27. They are distinctly different projects with different
goals. You may be able to use Py4A with Kivy, but no code or effort has been made to do so. The
Kivy team feels that our python-for-android is the best solution for us going forward, and attempts to
integrate with and support Py4A is not a good use of our time.
14.3 Project FAQ
14.3.1 Why do you use Python? Isn’t it slow?
Let us try to give a thorough answer; please bear with us.

Python is a very agile language that allows you to do many things in a (by comparison) short time.
For many development scenarios, we strongly prefer writing our application quickly in a high-level
language such as Python, testing it, then optionally optimizing it.
But what about speed? If you compare execution speeds of implementations for a certain set of algo-
rithms (esp. number crunching) you will find that Python is a lot slower than say, C++. Now you may
be even more convinced that it’s not a good idea in our case to use Python. Drawing sophisticated
graphics (and we are not talking about your grandmother’s OpenGL here) is computationally quite ex-
pensive and given that we often want to do that for rich user experiences, that would be a fair argument.
But, in virtually every case your application ends up spending most of the time (by far) executing the
same part of the code. In Kivy, for example, these parts are event dispatching and graphics drawing.
Now Python allows you to do something to make these parts much faster.
By using Cython, you can compile your code down to the C level, and from there your usual C com-
piler optimizes things. This is a pretty pain free process and if you add some hints to your code, the
result becomes even faster. We are talking about a speed up in performance by a factor of anything
between 1x and up to more than 1000x (greatly depends on your code). In Kivy, we did this for you and
implemented the portions of our code, where efficiency really is critical, on the C level.
For graphics drawing, we also leverage today’s GPUs which are, for some tasks such as graphics raster-
ization, much more efficient than a CPU. Kivy does as much as is reasonable on the GPU to maximize
performance. If you use our Canvas API to do the drawing, there is even a compiler that we invented
which optimizes your drawing code automatically. If you keep your drawing mostly on the GPU, much
of your program’s execution speed is not determined by the programming language used, but by the
graphics hardware you throw at it.
We believe that these (and other) optimizations that Kivy does for you already make most applications
fast enough by far. Often you will even want to limit the speed of the application in order not to waste
resources. But even if this is not sufficient, you still have the option of using Cython for your own code
to greatly speed it up.
Trust us when we say that we have given this very careful thought. We have performed many different
benchmarks and come up with some clever optimizations to make your application run smoothly.
55
14.3.2 Does Kivy support Python 3.x?
Yes! Kivy 2.2.0.dev0 officially supports Python versions 3.7 - 3.10.

As of version 2.0.0 Kivy dropped support for Python 2. You can still use older versions with Python 2
support.
Python 3 is also supported by python-for-android and kivy-ios.
14.3.3 How is Kivy related to PyMT?
Our developers are professionals and are pretty savvy in their area of expertise. However, before Kivy
came around there was (and still is) a project named PyMT that was led by our core developers. We
learned a great deal from that project during the time that we developed it. In the more than two
years of research and development we found many interesting ways to improve the design of our
framework. We have performed numerous benchmarks and as it turns out, to achieve the great speed
and flexibility that Kivy has, we had to rewrite quite a big portion of the codebase, making this a
backwards-incompatible but future-proof decision. Most notable are the performance increases, which
are just incredible. Kivy starts and operates just so much faster, due to these heavy optimizations. We
also had the opportunity to work with businesses and associations using PyMT. We were able to test
our product on a large diversity of setups and made PyMT work on all of them. Writing a system such
as Kivy or PyMT is one thing. Making it work under all these different conditions is another. We have
a good background here, and brought our knowledge to Kivy.
Furthermore, since some of our core developers decided to drop their full-time jobs and turn to this
project completely, it was decided that a more professional foundation had to be laid. Kivy is that
foundation. It is supposed to be a stable and professional product. Technically, Kivy is not really
a successor to PyMT because there is no easy migration path between them. However, the goal is
the same: Producing high-quality applications for novel user interfaces. This is why we encourage
everyone to base new projects on Kivy instead of PyMT. Active development of PyMT has stalled.
Maintenance patches are still accepted.
14.3.4 Do you accept patches?
Yes, we love patches. In order to ensure a smooth integration of your precious changes however, please
make sure to read our contribution guidelines. Obviously we don’t accept every patch. Your patch has
to be consistent with our styleguide and, more importantly, make sense. It does make sense to talk to
us before you come up with bigger changes, especially new features.
14.3.5 Does the Kivy project participate in Google’s Summer of Code ?
Potential students ask whether we participate in GSoC. The clear answer is: Indeed. :-)
If you want to participate as a student and want to maximize your chances of being accepted, start
talking to us today and try fixing some smaller (or larger, if you can ;-) problems to get used to our
workflow. If we know you can work well with us, that’d be a big plus.
Here’s a checklist:
• Make sure to read through the website and at least skim the documentation.
• Look at the source code.
• Read our contribution guidelines.
• Pick an idea that you think is interesting from the ideas list (see link above) or come up with your
own idea.
56
• Do some research yourself. GSoC is not about us teaching you something and you getting paid
for that. It is about you trying to achieve agreed upon goals by yourself with our support. The
main driving force in this should be, obviously, yourself. Many students come up and ask what
they should do. Well, we don’t know because we know neither your interests nor your skills.
Show us you’re serious about it and take initiative.
• Write a draft proposal about what you want to do. Include what you understand the current state
is (very roughly), what you would like to improve and how, etc.
• Discuss that proposal with us in a timely manner. Get feedback.
• Be patient! Especially on Discord. We will try to get to you if we’re available. If not, send an
email and just wait. Most questions are already answered in the docs or somewhere else and can
be found with some research. If your questions don’t reflect that you’ve actually thought through
what you’re asking, it might not be well received.
Good luck! :-)
57
58
CHAPTER
FIFTEEN
CONTACT US
You can contact us in several different ways:
15.1 Issue Tracker
If you have found an issue with the code or have a feature request, please see our issue tracker. If there
is no issue yet that matches your inquiry, feel free to create a new one. Please make sure you receive the
mails that github sends if we comment on the issue in case we need more information. For bugs, please
provide all the information necessary, like the operating system you’re using, the full error message or
any other logs, a description of what you did to trigger the bug and what the actual bug was, as well
as anything else that might be of interest. Obviously, we can only help if you tell us precisely what the
actual problem is.
15.2 Mail
For users of our framework, there is a mailing list for support inquiries on the kivy-users Google Group.
Use this list if you have issues with your Kivy-based app. We also have a mailing list for matters that
deal with development of the actual Kivy framework code on the kivy-dev Google Group.
15.3 Discord
Kivy on Discord at https://chat.kivy.org

Discord is great for real-time communication, but please make sure to wait after you asked your ques-
tion. If you just join, ask and quit we have no way of knowing who you were and where we’re supposed
to send our answer. Also, keep in mind we’re mostly based in Europe, so take into account any timezone
issues. If you’re unlucky more than once, try the mailing list.
If you don’t have the Discord app, you can also use Discord’s web client, but please, don’t leave too
soon. Just make sure to ask on the support channels.
Please read our Community Guidelines before asking for help on the mailing list or Discord channel.
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60
Part III
PROGRAMMING GUIDE
61
62
CHAPTER
SIXTEEN
KIVY BASICS
16.1 Installation of the Kivy environment
Kivy depends on many libraries, such as SDL2, gstreamer, PIL, Cairo, and more. They are not all
required, but depending on the platform you’re working on, they can be a pain to install. To ease your
development process, we provide pre-packaged binaries for Windows, macOS and Linux.
Have a look at one of these pages for detailed installation instructions:
• installation_windows
• installation_osx
• installation_linux
• installation_rpi
Alternatively, instructions for the development version can be found here:
• Development install
16.2 Create an application
Creating a kivy application is as simple as:

• sub-classing the App class
• implementing its build() method so it returns a Widget instance (the root of your widget tree)
• instantiating this class, and calling its run() method.
Here is an example of a minimal application:
import kivy
kivy.require('2.1.0') # replace with your current kivy version !
from kivy.app import App

from kivy.uix.label import Label
class MyApp(App):
def build(self):
return Label(text='Hello world')
63
if __name__ == '__main__':
MyApp().run()
You can save this to a text file, main.py for example, and run it.
16.3 Kivy App Life Cycle
First off, let’s get familiar with the Kivy app life cycle.
As you can see above, for all intents and purposes, our entry point into our App is the run() method,
and in our case that is “MyApp().run()”. We will get back to this, but let’s start from the line:
It’s required that the base Class of your App inherits from the App class. It’s present in the
kivy_installation_dir/kivy/app.py.
Note: Go ahead and open up that file if you want to delve deeper into what the Kivy App class does.
We encourage you to open the code and read through it. Kivy is based on Python and uses Sphinx for
documentation, so the documentation for each class is in the actual file.
Similarly on line 5:
64
One important thing to note here is the way packages/classes are laid out. The uix module is the
section that holds the user interface elements like layouts and widgets.
Moving on to line 8:
class MyApp(App):
This is where we are defining the Base Class of our Kivy App. You should only ever need to change the
name of your app MyApp in this line.
Further on to line 10:
def build(self):
As highlighted by the image above, show casing the Kivy App Life Cycle, this is the function where you
should initialize and return your Root Widget. This is what we do on line 11:
return Label(text='Hello world')
Here we initialize a Label with text ‘Hello World’ and return its instance. This Label will be the Root
Widget of this App.
Note: Python uses indentation to denote code blocks, therefore take note that in the code provided
above, at line 11 the class and function definition ends.
Now on to the portion that will make our app run at line 14 and 15:
if __name__ == '__main__':
MyApp().run()
Here the class MyApp is initialized and its run() method called. This initializes and starts our Kivy
application.
16.4 Running the application
To run the application, follow the instructions for your operating system:
For Windows, Linux, macOS, or the RPi. From the terminal where you installed Kivy simply run:
python main.py
For Android or iOS, your application needs some complementary files to be able to run. See Create a
package for Android or See Create a package for iOS for further reference.
A window should open, showing a single Label (with the Text ‘Hello World’) that covers the entire
window’s area. That’s all there is to it.
65
16.5 Customize the application
Lets extend this application a bit, say a simple UserName/Password page.

from kivy.uix.gridlayout import GridLayout
from kivy.uix.textinput import TextInput
class LoginScreen(GridLayout):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):

super(LoginScreen, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.cols = 2
self.add_widget(Label(text='User Name'))
self.username = TextInput(multiline=False)
self.add_widget(self.username)
self.add_widget(Label(text='password'))
self.password = TextInput(password=True, multiline=False)
self.add_widget(self.password)
class MyApp(App):
def build(self):
return LoginScreen()
if __name__ == '__main__':
MyApp().run()
At line 2 we import a Gridlayout:
66
This class is used as a Base for our Root Widget (LoginScreen) defined at line 7:
class LoginScreen(GridLayout):
At line 9 in the class LoginScreen, we override the method __init__() so as to add widgets and to
define their behavior:

super(LoginScreen, self).__init__(**kwargs)
One should not forget to call super in order to implement the functionality of the original class being
overloaded. Also note that it is good practice not to omit the **kwargs while calling super, as they are
sometimes used internally.
Moving on to Line 11 and beyond:
self.cols = 2
self.add_widget(Label(text='User Name'))
self.username = TextInput(multiline=False)
self.add_widget(self.username)
self.add_widget(Label(text='password'))
self.password = TextInput(password=True, multiline=False)
self.add_widget(self.password)
We ask the GridLayout to manage its children in two columns and add a Label and a TextInput for
the username and password.
Running the above code will give you a window that should look like this:
Try re-sizing the window and you will see that the widgets on screen adjust themselves according to
the size of the window without you having to do anything. This is because widgets use size hinting by
default.
The code above doesn’t handle the input from the user, does no validation or anything else. We will
delve deeper into this and Widget size and positioning in the coming sections.
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68
CHAPTER
SEVENTEEN
CONTROLLING THE ENVIRONMENT
Many environment variables are available to control the initialization and behavior of Kivy.
For example, in order to restrict text rendering to the PIL implementation:
$ KIVY_TEXT=pil python main.py
Environment variables should be set before importing kivy:
import os
os.environ['KIVY_TEXT'] = 'pil'
import kivy
17.1 Path control

You can control the default directories where config files, modules and kivy data are located.
KIVY_DATA_DIR Location of the Kivy data, defaults to <kivy path>/data
KIVY_MODULES_DIR Location of the Kivy modules, defaults to <kivy path>/modules
KIVY_HOME Location of the Kivy home. This directory is used for local configuration, and must be
in a writable location.
Defaults to:
• Desktop: <user home>/.kivy
• Android: <android app path>/.kivy
• iOS: <user home>/Documents/.kivy
KIVY_SDL2_PATH If set, the SDL2 libraries and headers from this path are used when compiling kivy
instead of the ones installed system-wide. To use the same libraries while running a kivy app, this
path must be added at the start of the PATH environment variable.
Warning: This path is required for the compilation of Kivy. It is not required for program
execution.
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17.2 Configuration
KIVY_USE_DEFAULTCONFIG If this name is found in environ, Kivy will not read the user config
file.
KIVY_NO_CONFIG If set, no configuration file will be read or written to. This also applies to the user
configuration directory.
KIVY_NO_FILELOG If set, logs will be not print to a file
KIVY_NO_CONSOLELOG If set, logs will be not print to the console
KIVY_NO_ARGS If set to one of (‘true’, ‘1’, ‘yes’), the argument passed in command line will not be
parsed and used by Kivy. Ie, you can safely make a script or an app with your own arguments
without requiring the – delimiter:
import os
os.environ["KIVY_NO_ARGS"] = "1"
import kivy

KCFG_section_key If a such format environment name is detected, it will be mapped to the Config
object. They are loaded only once when kivy is imported. The behavior can be disabled using
KIVY_NO_ENV_CONFIG.
import os
os.environ["KCFG_KIVY_LOG_LEVEL"] = "warning"
import kivy
# during import it will map it to:
# Config.set("kivy", "log_level", "warning")

KIVY_NO_ENV_CONFIG If set, no environment key will be mapped to configuration object. If unset,
any KCFG_section_key=value will be mapped to Config.
17.3 Restrict core to specific implementation
kivy.core try to select the best implementation available for your platform. For testing or custom
installation, you might want to restrict the selector to a specific implementation.
KIVY_WINDOW Implementation to use for creating the Window
Values: sdl2, pygame, x11, egl_rpi
KIVY_TEXT Implementation to use for rendering text
Values: sdl2, pil, pygame, sdlttf
KIVY_VIDEO Implementation to use for rendering video
Values: gstplayer, ffpyplayer, ffmpeg, null
KIVY_AUDIO Implementation to use for playing audio
Values: sdl2, gstplayer, ffpyplayer, pygame, avplayer
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KIVY_IMAGE Implementation to use for reading image
Values: sdl2, pil, pygame, imageio, tex, dds
Changed in version 2.0.0.
Removed GPL gif implementation
KIVY_CAMERA Implementation to use for reading camera
Values: avfoundation, android, opencv
KIVY_SPELLING Implementation to use for spelling
Values: enchant, osxappkit
KIVY_CLIPBOARD Implementation to use for clipboard management
Values: sdl2, pygame, dummy, android
17.4 Metrics
KIVY_DPI If set, the value will be used for Metrics.dpi.

KIVY_METRICS_DENSITY If set, the value will be used for Metrics.density.
KIVY_METRICS_FONTSCALE
If set, the value will be used for Metrics.fontscale.
17.5 Graphics
KIVY_GL_BACKEND The OpenGL backend to use. See cgl.

KIVY_GL_DEBUG Whether to log OpenGL calls. See cgl.
KIVY_GRAPHICS Whether to use OpenGL ES2. See cgl.
KIVY_GLES_LIMITS Whether the GLES2 restrictions are enforced (the default, or if set to 1). If set to
false, Kivy will not be truly GLES2 compatible.
Following is a list of the potential incompatibilities that result when set to true.
Mesh If true, the number of indices in a mesh is limited to 65535

in-
dices
Tex- When blitting to a texture, the data (color and buffer) format must be the same format as the
ture one used at the texture creation. On desktop, the conversion of different color is correctly
blit handled by the driver, while on Android, most of devices fail to do it. Ref: https://github.
com/kivy/kivy/issues/1600

KIVY_BCM_DISPMANX_ID Change the default Raspberry Pi display to use. The list of available
value is accessible in vc_dispmanx_types.h. Default value is 0:
• 0: DISPMANX_ID_MAIN_LCD
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• 1: DISPMANX_ID_AUX_LCD
• 2: DISPMANX_ID_HDMI
• 3: DISPMANX_ID_SDTV
• 4: DISPMANX_ID_FORCE_LCD
• 5: DISPMANX_ID_FORCE_TV
• 6: DISPMANX_ID_FORCE_OTHER
KIVY_BCM_DISPMANX_LAYER Change the default Raspberry Pi dispmanx layer. Default value is
0.
17.6 Event Loop
KIVY_EVENTLOOP Which async library should be used when the app is run in an asynchronous
manner. See kivy.app for example usage.
'asyncio': When the app is run in an asynchronous manner and the standard library asyn-
cio package should be used. The default if not set.
'trio': When the app is run in an asynchronous manner and the trio package should be
used.
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CHAPTER
EIGHTEEN
CONFIGURE KIVY
The configuration file for kivy is named config.ini, and adheres to the standard INI format.
18.1 Locating the configuration file
The location of the configuration file is controlled by the environment variable KIVY_HOME:
<KIVY_HOME>/config.ini
On desktop, this defaults to:
<HOME_DIRECTORY>/.kivy/config.ini
Therefore, if your user is named “tito”, the file will be here:

• Windows: C:\Users\tito\.kivy\config.ini
• macOS: /Users/tito/.kivy/config.ini
• Linux: /home/tito/.kivy/config.ini
On Android, this defaults to:
<ANDROID_APP_PATH>/.kivy/config.ini
If your app is named “org.kivy.launcher”, the file will be here:
/data/data/org.kivy.launcher/files/.kivy/config.ini
On iOS, this defaults to:
<HOME_DIRECTORY>/Documents/.kivy/config.ini
18.2 Local configuration
Sometimes it’s desired to change configuration only for certain applications or during testing of a sep-
arate part of Kivy for example input providers. To create a separate configuration file you can simply
use these commands:
from kivy.config import Config
Config.read(<file>)
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# set config
Config.write()
When a local configuration of single .ini file isn’t enough, e.g. when you want to have separate
environment for garden, kivy logs and other things, you’ll need to change the KIVY_HOME environment
variable in your application to get desired result:
import os
os.environ['KIVY_HOME'] = <folder>
or before each run of the application change it manually in the console:

1. Windows:
set KIVY_HOME=<folder>
2. Linux & OSX:
export KIVY_HOME=<folder>
After the change of KIVY_HOME, the folder will behave exactly the same as the default .kivy/ folder
mentioned above.
18.3 Understanding config tokens
All the configuration tokens are explained in the kivy.config module.
74
CHAPTER
NINETEEN
ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW
We would like to take a moment to explain how we designed Kivy from a software engineering point of
view. This is key to understanding how everything works together. If you just look at the code, chances
are you will get a rough idea already, but since this approach certainly is daunting for most users, this
section explains the basic ideas of the implementation in more detail. You can skip this section and refer
to it later, but we suggest at least skimming it for a rough overview.
Kivy consists of several building blocks that we will explain shortly. Here is a graphical summary of
the architecture:
75
19.1 Core Providers and Input Providers
One idea that is key to understanding Kivy’s internals is that of modularity and abstraction. We try
to abstract basic tasks such as opening a window, displaying images and text, playing audio, getting
images from a camera, spelling correction and so on. We call these core tasks. This makes the API
both easy to use and easy to extend. Most importantly, it allows us to use – what we call – specific
providers for the respective scenarios in which your app is being run. For example, on macOS, Linux
and Windows, there are different native APIs for the different core tasks. A piece of code that uses one
of these specific APIs to talk to the operating system on one side and to Kivy on the other (acting as an
intermediate communication layer) is what we call a core provider. The advantage of using specialized
core providers for each platform is that we can fully leverage the functionality exposed by the operating
system and act as efficiently as possible. It also gives users a choice. Furthermore, by using libraries
that are shipped with any one platform, we effectively reduce the size of the Kivy distribution and make
packaging easier. This also makes it easier to port Kivy to other platforms. The Android port benefited
greatly from this.
We follow the same concept with input handling. An input provider is a piece of code that adds support
for a specific input device, such as Apple’s trackpads, TUIO or a mouse emulator. If you need to add
support for a new input device, you can simply provide a new class that reads your input data from
your device and transforms them into Kivy basic events.
19.2 Graphics
Kivy’s graphics API is our abstraction of OpenGL. On the lowest level, Kivy issues hardware-
accelerated drawing commands using OpenGL. Writing OpenGL code however can be a bit confusing,
especially to newcomers. That’s why we provide the graphics API that lets you draw things using
simple metaphors that do not exist as such in OpenGL (e.g. Canvas, Rectangle, etc.).
All of our widgets themselves use this graphics API, which is implemented on the C level for perfor-
mance reasons.
Another advantage of the graphics API is its ability to automatically optimize the drawing commands
that your code issues. This is especially helpful if you’re not an expert at tuning OpenGL. This makes
your drawing code more efficient in many cases.
You can, of course, still use raw OpenGL commands if you prefer. The version we target is OpenGL 2.0
ES (GLES2) on all devices, so if you want to stay cross-platform compatible, we advise you to only use
the GLES2 functions.
19.3 Core
The code in the core package provides commonly used features, such as:
Clock You can use the clock to schedule timer events. Both one-shot timers and periodic
timers are supported.
Cache If you need to cache something that you use often, you can use our class for that
instead of writing your own.
Gesture Detection We ship a simple gesture recognizer that you can use to detect vari-
ous kinds of strokes, such as circles or rectangles. You can train it to detect your own
strokes.
Kivy Language The kivy language is used to easily and efficiently describe user interfaces.
76
Properties These are not the normal properties that you may know from python. They are
our own property classes that link your widget code with the user interface description.
19.4 UIX (Widgets & Layouts)
The UIX module contains commonly used widgets and layouts that you can reuse to quickly create a
user interface.
Widgets Widgets are user interface elements that you add to your program to provide
some kind of functionality. They may or may not be visible. Examples would be a
file browser, buttons, sliders, lists and so on. Widgets receive MotionEvents.
Layouts You use layouts to arrange widgets. It is of course possible to calculate your wid-
gets’ positions yourself, but often it is more convenient to use one of our ready made
layouts. Examples would be Grid Layouts or Box Layouts. You can also nest layouts.
19.5 Modules
If you’ve ever used a modern web browser and customized it with some add-ons then you already
know the basic idea behind our module classes. Modules can be used to inject functionality into Kivy
programs, even if the original author did not include it.
An example would be a module that always shows the FPS of the current application and some graph
depicting the FPS over time.
You can also write your own modules.
19.6 Input Events (Touches)
Kivy abstracts different input types and sources such as touches, mice, TUIO or similar. What all of
these input types have in common is that you can associate a 2D onscreen-position with any individual
input event. (There are other input devices such as accelerometers where you cannot easily find a 2D
position for e.g. a tilt of your device. This kind of input is handled separately. In the following we
describe the former types.)
All of these input types are represented by instances of the Touch() class. (Note that this does not only
refer to finger touches, but all the other input types as well. We just called it Touch for the sake of
simplicity. Think of it of something that touches the user interface or your screen.) A touch instance, or
object, can be in one of three states. When a touch enters one of these states, your program is informed
that the event occurred. The three states a touch can be in are:
Down A touch is down only once, at the very moment where it first appears.
Move A touch can be in this state for a potentially unlimited time. A touch does not have
to be in this state during its lifetime. A ‘Move’ happens whenever the 2D position of a
touch changes.
Up A touch goes up at most once, or never. In practice you will almost always receive an
up event because nobody is going to hold a finger on the screen for all eternity, but it is
not guaranteed. If you know the input sources your users will be using, you will know
whether or not you can rely on this state being entered.
77
19.7 Widgets and Event Dispatching
The term widget is often used in GUI programming contexts to describe some part of the program that
the user interacts with. In Kivy, a widget is an object that receives input events. It does not necessarily
have to have a visible representation on the screen. All widgets are arranged in a widget tree (which is a
tree data structure as known from computer science classes): One widget can have any number of child
widgets or none. There is exactly one root widget at the top of the tree that has no parent widget, and all
other widgets are directly or indirectly children of this widget (which is why it’s called the root).
When new input data is available, Kivy sends out one event per touch. The root widget of the widget
tree first receives the event. Depending on the state of the touch, the on_touch_down, on_touch_move
or on_touch_up event is dispatched (with the touch as the argument) to the root widget, which results
in the root widget’s corresponding on_touch_down, on_touch_move or on_touch_up event handler
being called.
Each widget (this includes the root widget) in the tree can choose to either digest or pass the event on.
If an event handler returns True, it means that the event has been digested and handled properly. No
further processing will happen with that event. Otherwise, the event handler passes the widget on to
its own children by calling its superclass’s implementation of the respective event handler. This goes
all the way up to the base Widget class, which – in its touch event handlers – does nothing but pass the
touches to its children:
# This is analogous for move/up:

for child in self.children[:]:
if child.dispatch('on_touch_down', touch):
return True
This really is much easier than it first seems. An example of how this can be used to create nice appli-
cations quickly will be given in the following section.
Often times you will want to restrict the area on the screen that a widget watches for touches. You can
use a widget’s collide_point() method to achieve this. You simply pass it the touch’s position and it
returns True if the touch is within the ‘watched area’ or False otherwise. By default, this checks the
rectangular region on the screen that’s described by the widget’s pos (for position; x & y) and size
(width & height), but you can override this behaviour in your own class.
78
CHAPTER
TWENTY
EVENTS AND PROPERTIES
Events are an important part of Kivy programming. That may not be surprising to those with GUI
development experience, but it’s an important concept for newcomers. Once you understand how
events work and how to bind to them, you will see them everywhere in Kivy. They make it easy to
build whatever behavior you want into Kivy.
The following illustration shows how events are handled in the Kivy framework.
Kivy's Main Thread
Input Non GUI Operations that
Dispatch Input can be deferred to a
Event Dispatcher Events different thread.
Custom Events
Property Events
Window Events
File System
Input Processing
Post Processing Network

(double tap, swipe etc...)
Motion Events Process
GUI
Other
Main Kivy Loop Clock Events

Loop
79
20.1 Introduction to the Event Dispatcher
One of the most important base classes of the framework is the EventDispatcher class. This class
allows you to register event types, and to dispatch them to interested parties (usually other event dis-
patchers). The Widget, Animation and Clock classes are examples of event dispatchers.
EventDispatcher objects depend on the main loop to generate and handle events.
20.2 Main loop
As outlined in the illustration above, Kivy has a main loop. This loop is running during all of the appli-
cation’s lifetime and only quits when exiting the application.
Inside the loop, at every iteration, events are generated from user input, hardware sensors or a couple
of other sources, and frames are rendered to the display.
Your application will specify callbacks (more on this later), which are called by the main loop. If a call-
back takes too long or doesn’t quit at all, the main loop is broken and your app doesn’t work properly
anymore.
In Kivy applications, you have to avoid long/infinite loops or sleeping. For example the following code
does both:
while True:
animate_something()
time.sleep(.10)
When you run this, the program will never exit your loop, preventing Kivy from doing all of the other
things that need doing. As a result, all you’ll see is a black window which you won’t be able to interact
with. Instead, you need to “schedule” your animate_something() function to be called repeatedly.
20.2.1 Scheduling a repetitive event
You can call a function or a method every X times per second using schedule_interval(). Here is
an example of calling a function named my_callback 30 times per second:
def my_callback(dt):
print('My callback is called', dt)
event = Clock.schedule_interval(my_callback, 1 / 30.)
You have multiple ways of unscheduling a previously scheduled event. One, is to use cancel() or
unschedule():
event.cancel()
or:
Clock.unschedule(event)
Alternatively, you can return False in your callback, and your event will be automatically unscheduled:
count = 0
global count
count += 1
80
if count == 10:
print('Last call of my callback, bye bye !')
return False
print('My callback is called')
Clock.schedule_interval(my_callback, 1 / 30.)
20.2.2 Scheduling a one-time event
Using schedule_once(), you can call a function “later”, like in the next frame, or in X seconds:
print('My callback is called !')
Clock.schedule_once(my_callback, 1)
This will call my_callback in one second. The second argument is the amount of time to wait before
calling the function, in seconds. However, you can achieve some other results with special values for
the second argument:
• If X is greater than 0, the callback will be called in X seconds
• If X is 0, the callback will be called after the next frame
• If X is -1, the callback will be called before the next frame
The -1 is mostly used when you are already in a scheduled event, and if you want to schedule a call
BEFORE the next frame is happening.
A second method for repeating a function call is to first schedule a callback once with
schedule_once(), and a second call to this function inside the callback itself:
print('My callback is called !')
Warning: While the main loop will try to keep to the schedule as requested, there is some uncer-
tainty as to when exactly a scheduled callback will be called. Sometimes another callback or some
other task in the application will take longer than anticipated and thus the timing can be a little off.
In the latter solution to the repetitive callback problem, the next iteration will be called at least one
second after the last iteration ends. With schedule_interval() however, the callback is called every
second.
20.2.3 Trigger events
Sometimes you may want to schedule a function to be called only once for the next frame, preventing
duplicate calls. You might be tempted to achieve that like so:
# First, schedule once.

event = Clock.schedule_once(my_callback, 0)
# Then, in another place you will have to unschedule first

# to avoid duplicate call. Then you can schedule again.
81
Clock.unschedule(event)
event = Clock.schedule_once(my_callback, 0)
This way of programming a trigger is expensive, since you’ll always call unschedule, even if the event
has already completed. In addition, a new event is created every time. Use a trigger instead:
trigger = Clock.create_trigger(my_callback)
# later
trigger()
Each time you call trigger(), it will schedule a single call of your callback. If it was already scheduled, it
will not be rescheduled.
20.3 Widget events
A widget has 2 default types of events:

• Property event: if your widget changes its position or size, an event is fired.
• Widget-defined event: e.g. an event will be fired for a Button when it’s pressed or released.
For a discussion on how widget touch events are managed and propagated, please refer to the Widget
touch event bubbling section.
20.4 Creating custom events
To create an event dispatcher with custom events, you need to register the name of the event in the class
and then create a method of the same name.
See the following example:
class MyEventDispatcher(EventDispatcher):
self.register_event_type('on_test')
super(MyEventDispatcher, self).__init__(**kwargs)
def do_something(self, value):

# when do_something is called, the 'on_test' event will be
# dispatched with the value
self.dispatch('on_test', value)
def on_test(self, *args):

print("I am dispatched", args)
82
20.5 Attaching callbacks
To use events, you have to bind callbacks to them. When the event is dispatched, your callbacks will be
called with the parameters relevant to that specific event.
A callback can be any python callable, but you need to ensure it accepts the arguments that the event
emits. For this, it’s usually safest to accept the *args argument, which will catch all arguments in the
args list.
Example:
def my_callback(value, *args):

print("Hello, I got an event!", args)
ev = MyEventDispatcher()
ev.bind(on_test=my_callback)
ev.do_something('test')
Pleases refer to the kivy.event.EventDispatcher.bind() method documentation for more ex-

amples on how to attach callbacks.
20.6 Introduction to Properties
Properties are an awesome way to define events and bind to them. Essentially, they produce events
such that when an attribute of your object changes, all properties that reference that attribute are auto-
matically updated.
There are different kinds of properties to describe the type of data you want to handle.
• StringProperty
• NumericProperty
• BoundedNumericProperty
• ObjectProperty
• DictProperty
• ListProperty
• OptionProperty
• AliasProperty
• BooleanProperty
• ReferenceListProperty
83
20.7 Declaration of a Property
To declare properties, you must declare them at the class level. The class will then do the work to
instantiate the real attributes when your object is created. These properties are not attributes: they are
mechanisms for creating events based on your attributes:
class MyWidget(Widget):
text = StringProperty('')
When overriding __init__, always accept **kwargs and use super() to call the parent’s __init__ method,
passing in your class instance:

super(MyWidget, self).__init__(**kwargs)
20.8 Dispatching a Property event
Kivy properties, by default, provide an on_<property_name> event. This event is called when the value
of the property is changed.
Note: If the new value for the property is equal to the current value, then the on_<property_name> event
will not be called.
For example, consider the following code:
1 class CustomBtn(Widget):
2
3 pressed = ListProperty([0, 0])

4
5 def on_touch_down(self, touch):

6 if self.collide_point(*touch.pos):
7 self.pressed = touch.pos
8 return True
9 return super(CustomBtn, self).on_touch_down(touch)
10
11 def on_pressed(self, instance, pos):

12 print('pressed at {pos}'.format(pos=pos))
In the code above at line 3:
pressed = ListProperty([0, 0])
We define the pressed Property of type ListProperty, giving it a default value of [0, 0]. From this
point forward, the on_pressed event will be called whenever the value of this property is changed.
At Line 5:

if self.collide_point(*touch.pos):
self.pressed = touch.pos
return True
return super(CustomBtn, self).on_touch_down(touch)
84
We override the on_touch_down() method of the Widget class. Here, we check for collision of the
touch with our widget.
If the touch falls inside of our widget, we change the value of pressed to touch.pos and return True,
indicating that we have consumed the touch and don’t want it to propagate any further.
Finally, if the touch falls outside our widget, we call the original event using super(. . . ) and return the
result. This allows the touch event propagation to continue as it would normally have occurred.
Finally on line 11:
def on_pressed(self, instance, pos):

print('pressed at {pos}'.format(pos=pos))
We define an on_pressed function that will be called by the property whenever the property value is
changed.
Note: This on_<prop_name> event is called within the class where the property is defined. To moni-
tor/observe any change to a property outside of the class where it’s defined, you should bind to the
property as shown below.
Binding to the property

How to monitor changes to a property when all you have access to is a widget instance? You bind to the
property:
your_widget_instance.bind(property_name=function_name)
For example, consider the following code:
1 class RootWidget(BoxLayout):
2
3 def __init__(self, **kwargs):

4 super(RootWidget, self).__init__(**kwargs)
5 self.add_widget(Button(text='btn 1'))
6 cb = CustomBtn()
7 cb.bind(pressed=self.btn_pressed)
8 self.add_widget(cb)
10
11 def btn_pressed(self, instance, pos):

12 print('pos: printed from root widget: {pos}'.format(pos=.pos))
If you run the code as is, you will notice two print statements in the console. One from the on_pressed
event that is called inside the CustomBtn class and another from the btn_pressed function that we bind to
the property change.
The reason that both functions are called is simple. Binding doesn’t mean overriding. Having both
of these functions is redundant and you should generally only use one of the methods of listen-
ing/reacting to property changes.
You should also take note of the parameters that are passed to the on_<property_name> event or the
function bound to the property.
def btn_pressed(self, instance, pos):
The first parameter is self, which is the instance of the class where this function is defined. You can use
an in-line function as follows:
85
1 cb = CustomBtn()
2
3 def _local_func(instance, pos):

4 print('pos: printed from root widget: {pos}'.format(pos=pos))
5
6 cb.bind(pressed=_local_func)
The first parameter would be the instance of the class the property is defined.
The second parameter would be the value, which is the new value of the property.
Here is the complete example, derived from the snippets above, that you can use to copy and paste into
an editor to experiment.
1 from kivy.app import App

2 from kivy.uix.widget import Widget
3 from kivy.uix.button import Button
4 from kivy.uix.boxlayout import BoxLayout
5 from kivy.properties import ListProperty
6
7 class RootWidget(BoxLayout):
8
9 def __init__(self, **kwargs):

10 super(RootWidget, self).__init__(**kwargs)
12 cb = CustomBtn()
13 cb.bind(pressed=self.btn_pressed)
16
17 def btn_pressed(self, instance, pos):

18 print('pos: printed from root widget: {pos}'.format(pos=pos))
19
20 class CustomBtn(Widget):
21
22 pressed = ListProperty([0, 0])

23

25 if self.collide_point(*touch.pos):
26 self.pressed = touch.pos
27 # we consumed the touch. return False here to propagate
28 # the touch further to the children.
29 return True
30 return super(CustomBtn, self).on_touch_down(touch)
31
32 def on_pressed(self, instance, pos):

33 print('pressed at {pos}'.format(pos=pos))
34
35 class TestApp(App):
36
37 def build(self):
38 return RootWidget()
39
40
86
41 if __name__ == '__main__':
42 TestApp().run()
Running the code above will give you the following output:
Our CustomBtn has no visual representation and thus appears black. You can touch/click on the black
area to see the output on your console.
20.9 Compound Properties
When defining an AliasProperty, you normally define a getter and a setter function yourself. Here,
it falls on to you to define when the getter and the setter functions are called using the bind argument.
Consider the following code.
1 cursor_pos = AliasProperty(_get_cursor_pos, None,

2 bind=('cursor', 'padding', 'pos', 'size',
3 'focus', 'scroll_x', 'scroll_y',
4 'line_height', 'line_spacing'),
5 cache=True)
6 '''Current position of the cursor, in (x, y).
7
8 :attr:`cursor_pos` is an :class:`~kivy.properties.AliasProperty`,
9 read-only.
10 '''
Here cursor_pos is a AliasProperty which uses the getter _get_cursor_pos with the setter part set to
None, implying this is a read only Property.
The bind argument at the end defines that on_cursor_pos event is dispatched when any of the properties
used in the bind= argument change.
87
88
CHAPTER
TWENTYONE
INPUT MANAGEMENT
21.1 Input architecture
Kivy is able to handle most types of input: mouse, touchscreen, accelerometer, gyroscope, etc. It handles
the native multitouch protocols on the following platforms: Tuio, WM_Touch, MacMultitouchSupport,
MT Protocol A/B and Android.
The global architecture can be viewed as:
Input providers -> Motion event -> Post processing -> Dispatch to Window
The class of all input events is the MotionEvent. It generates 2 kinds of events:
• Touch events: a motion event that contains at least an X and Y position. All the touch events are
dispatched across the Widget tree.
• No-touch events: all the rest. For example, the accelerometer is a continuous event, without
position. It never starts or stops. These events are not dispatched across the Widget tree.
A Motion event is generated by an Input Provider. An Input Provider is responsible for reading
the input event from the operating system, the network or even from another application. Several input
providers exist, such as:
• TuioMotionEventProvider: create a UDP server and listen for TUIO/OSC messages.
• WM_MotionEventProvider: use the windows API for reading multitouch information and
sending it to Kivy.
• ProbeSysfsHardwareProbe: In Linux, iterate over all the hardware connected to the computer,
and attaches a multitouch input provider for each multitouch device found.
• and much more!
When you write an application, you don’t need to create an input provider. Kivy tries to automati-
cally detect available hardware. However, if you want to support custom hardware, you will need to
configure kivy to make it work.
Before the newly-created Motion Event is passed to the user, Kivy applies post-processing to the in-
put. Every motion event is analyzed to detect and correct faulty input, as well as make meaningful
interpretations like:
• Double/triple-tap detection, according to a distance and time threshold
• Making events more accurate when the hardware is not accurate
• Reducing the amount of generated events if the native touch hardware is sending events with
nearly the same position
After processing, the motion event is dispatched to the Window. As explained previously, not all events
are dispatched to the whole widget tree: the window filters them. For a given event:
89
• if it’s only a motion event, it will be dispatched to on_motion()
• if it’s a touch event, the (x,y) position of the touch (0-1 range) will be scaled to the Window size
(width/height), and dispatched to:
– on_touch_down()
– on_touch_move()
– on_touch_up()
21.2 Motion event profiles
Depending on your hardware and the input providers used, more information may be made available
to you. For example, a touch input has an (x,y) position, but might also have pressure information, blob
size, an acceleration vector, etc.
A profile is a string that indicates what features are available inside the motion event. Let’s imagine
that you are in an on_touch_move method:
def on_touch_move(self, touch):

print(touch.profile)
return super(..., self).on_touch_move(touch)
The print could output:
['pos', 'angle']
Warning: Many people mix up the profile’s name and the name of the corresponding property. Just
because 'angle' is in the available profile doesn’t mean that the touch event object will have an
angle property.
For the 'pos' profile, the properties pos, x, and y will be available. With the 'angle' profile, the
property a will be available. As we said, for touch events 'pos' is a mandatory profile, but not
'angle'. You can extend your interaction by checking if the 'angle' profile exists:

print('The touch is at position', touch.pos)
if 'angle' in touch.profile:
print('The touch angle is', touch.a)
You can find a list of available profiles in the motionevent documentation.
21.3 Touch events
A touch event is a specialized MotionEvent where the property is_touch evaluates to True. For all
touch events, you automatically have the X and Y positions available, scaled to the Window width and
height. In other words, all touch events have the 'pos' profile.
90
21.3.1 Touch event basics
By default, touch events are dispatched to all currently displayed widgets. This means widgets receive
the touch event whether it occurs within their physical area or not.
This can be counter intuitive if you have experience with other GUI toolkits. These typically divide the
screen into geometric areas and only dispatch touch or mouse events to the widget if the coordinate lies
within the widgets area.
This requirement becomes very restrictive when working with touch input. Swipes, pinches and long
presses may well originate from outside of the widget that wants to know about them and react to them.
In order to provide the maximum flexibility, Kivy dispatches the events to all the widgets and lets them
decide how to react to them. If you only want to respond to touch events inside the widget, you simply
check:

# The touch has occurred inside the widgets area. Do stuff!
pass
21.3.2 Coordinates
You must take care of matrix transformation in your touch as soon as you use a widget with matrix
transformation. Some widgets such as Scatter have their own matrix transformation, meaning the
touch must be multiplied by the scatter matrix to be able to correctly dispatch touch positions to the
Scatter’s children.
• Get coordinate from parent space to local space: to_local()
• Get coordinate from local space to parent space: to_parent()
• Get coordinate from local space to window space: to_window()
• Get coordinate from window space to local space: to_widget()
You must use one of them to scale coordinates correctly to the context. Let’s look the scatter implemen-
tation:

# push the current coordinate, to be able to restore it later
touch.push()
# transform the touch coordinate to local space

touch.apply_transform_2d(self.to_local)
# dispatch the touch as usual to children

# the coordinate in the touch is now in local space
ret = super(..., self).on_touch_down(touch)
# whatever the result, don't forget to pop your transformation

# after the call, so the coordinate will be back in parent space
touch.pop()
# return the result (depending what you want.)

return ret
91
21.3.3 Touch shapes
If the touch has a shape, it will be reflected in the ‘shape’ property. Right now, only a ShapeRect can
be exposed:
from kivy.input.shape import ShapeRect

if isinstance(touch.shape, ShapeRect):
print('My touch have a rectangle shape of size',
(touch.shape.width, touch.shape.height))
# ...
21.3.4 Double tap
A double tap is the action of tapping twice within a time and a distance. It’s calculated by the doubletap
post-processing module. You can test if the current touch is one of a double tap or not:

if touch.is_double_tap:
print('Touch is a double tap !')
print(' - interval is', touch.double_tap_time)
print(' - distance between previous is', touch.double_tap_distance)
# ...
21.3.5 Triple tap
A triple tap is the action of tapping thrice within a time and a distance. It’s calculated by the tripletap
post-processing module. You can test if the current touch is one of a triple tap or not:

if touch.is_triple_tap:
print('Touch is a triple tap !')
print(' - interval is', touch.triple_tap_time)
print(' - distance between previous is', touch.triple_tap_distance)
# ...
21.3.6 Grabbing touch events
It’s possible for the parent widget to dispatch a touch event to a child widget from within
on_touch_down, but not from on_touch_move or on_touch_up. This can happen in certain sce-
narios, like when a touch movement is outside the bounding box of the parent, so the parent decides
not to notify its children of the movement.
But you might want to do something in on_touch_up. Say you started something in the
on_touch_down event, like playing a sound, and you’d like to finish things on the on_touch_up
event. Grabbing is what you need.
When you grab a touch, you will always receive the move and up event. But there are some limitations
to grabbing:
• You will receive the event at least twice: one time from your parent (the normal event), and one
time from the window (grab).
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• You might receive an event with a grabbed touch, but not from you: it can be because the parent
has sent the touch to its children while it was in the grabbed state.
Here is an example of how to use grabbing:

# if the touch collides with our widget, let's grab it

touch.grab(self)
# and accept the touch.

return True
def on_touch_up(self, touch):

# here, you don't check if the touch collides or things like that.
# you just need to check if it's a grabbed touch event
if touch.grab_current is self:
# ok, the current touch is dispatched for us.

# do something interesting here
print('Hello world!')
# don't forget to ungrab ourself, or you might have side effects

touch.ungrab(self)
# and accept the last up

return True
21.3.7 Touch Event Management
In order to see how touch events are controlled and propagated between widgets, please refer to the
Widget touch event bubbling section.
21.4 Joystick events
A joystick input represents raw values received directly from physical or virtual controllers through the
SDL2 provider via these events:
• SDL_JOYAXISMOTION
• SDL_JOYHATMOTION
• SDL_JOYBALLMOTION
• SDL_JOYBUTTONDOWN
• SDL_JOYBUTTONUP
Every motion event has a minimum, maximum and default value which can reach:
Event Minimum Maximum Default

on_joy_axis -32767 32767 0
on_joy_hat (-1, -1) (1, 1) (0, 0)
on_joy_ball Unknown Unknown Unknown
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Button events, on the other hand represent basically only a state of each button i.e. up and down, there-
fore no such values are present.
• on_joy_button_up
• on_joy_button_down
21.4.1 Joystick event basics
Unlike touch events, joystick events are dispatched directly to the Window, which means there’s only
a single value passed for e.g. a specified axis, not multiple ones. This makes things harder if you want
to separate input to different widgets, yet not impossible. You can use Multiple dropfile example as an
inspiration.
To get a joystick event, you first need to bind some function to the Window joystick event like this:
Window.bind(on_joy_axis=self.on_joy_axis)
Then you need to fetch the parameters specified in Window for each event you use, for example:
def on_joy_axis(self, win, stickid, axisid, value):

print(win, stickid, axisid, value)
A variable stickid is an id of a controller that sent the value, axisid is an id of an axis to which the value
belongs.
21.4.2 Joystick input
Kivy should be able to fetch input from any device specified as gamepad, joystick or basically any other
type of game controller recognized by the SDL2 provider. To make things easier, here are layouts of
some common controllers together with ids for each part.
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Xbox 360
# ID # ID
1 axis 1 2 axis 0
3 hat Y 4 hat X
5 axis 4 6 axis 3
7 axis 2 8 axis 5
9 button 4 10 button 5
X button 2 Y button 3
A button 0 B button 1
back button 6 start button 7
center button 10
21.4.3 Joystick debugging
Mostly you’d want to debug your application with multiple controllers, or test it against _other_ types
of controllers (e.g. different brands). As an alternative you might want to use some of the available
controller emulators, such as vJoy.
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96
CHAPTER
TWENTYTWO
WIDGETS
22.1 Introduction to Widget
A Widget is the base building block of GUI interfaces in Kivy. It provides a Canvas that can be used
to draw on screen. It receives events and reacts to them. For a in-depth explanation about the Widget
class, look at the module documentation.
22.2 Manipulating the Widget tree
Widgets in Kivy are organized in trees. Your application has a root widget, which usually has children
that can have children of their own. Children of a widget are represented as the children attribute,
a Kivy ListProperty.
The widget tree can be manipulated with the following methods:
• add_widget(): add a widget as a child
• remove_widget(): remove a widget from the children list
• clear_widgets(): remove all children from a widget
For example, if you want to add a button inside a BoxLayout, you can do:
layout = BoxLayout(padding=10)
button = Button(text='My first button')
layout.add_widget(button)
The button is added to layout: the button’s parent property will be set to layout; the layout will have
the button added to its children list. To remove the button from the layout:
layout.remove_widget(button)
With removal, the button’s parent property will be set to None, and the layout will have button removed
from its children list.
If you want to clear all the children inside a widget, use clear_widgets() method:
layout.clear_widgets()
Warning: Never manipulate the children list yourself, unless you really know what you are do-
ing. The widget tree is associated with a graphic tree. For example, if you add a widget into the
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children list without adding its canvas to the graphics tree, the widget will be a child, yes, but noth-
ing will be drawn on the screen. Moreover, you might have issues on further calls of add_widget,
remove_widget and clear_widgets.
22.3 Traversing the Tree
The Widget class instance’s children list property contains all the children. You can easily traverse
the tree by doing:
root = BoxLayout()
# ... add widgets to root ...
for child in root.children:
print(child)
However, this must be used carefully. If you intend to modify the children list with one of the methods
shown in the previous section, you must use a copy of the list like this:
for child in root.children[:]:

# manipulate the tree. For example here, remove all widgets that have a
# width < 100
if child.width < 100:
root.remove_widget(child)
Widgets don’t influence the size/pos of their children by default. The pos attribute is the absolute
position in screen co-ordinates (unless, you use the relativelayout. More on that later) and size,
is an absolute size.
22.4 Widgets Z Index
The order of widget drawing is based on the widget’s position in the widget tree. The add_widget
method takes an index parameter which can be used to specify its position in the widget tree:
root.add_widget(widget, index)
The lower indexed widgets will be drawn above those with a higher index. Keep in mind that the
default for index is 0, so widgets added later are drawn on top of the others unless specified otherwise.
22.5 Organize with Layouts
layout is a special kind of widget that controls the size and position of its children. There are dif-
ferent kinds of layouts, allowing for different automatic organization of their children. Layouts use
size_hint and pos_hint properties to determine the size and pos of their children.
98
99
BoxLayout: Arranges widgets in an adjacent manner (either vertically or horizontally) manner, to fill
all the space. The size_hint property of children can be used to change proportions allowed to each
child, or set fixed size for some of them.
GridLayout: Arranges widgets in a grid. You must specify at least one dimension of the grid so kivy
can compute the size of the elements and how to arrange them.
StackLayout: Arranges widgets adjacent to one another, but with a set size in one of the dimensions,
without trying to make them fit within the entire space. This is useful to display children of the same
predefined size.
AnchorLayout: A simple layout only caring about children positions. It allows putting the children at
a position relative to a border of the layout. size_hint is not honored.
FloatLayout: Allows placing children with arbitrary locations and size, either absolute or relative to
the layout size. Default size_hint (1, 1) will make every child the same size as the whole layout, so you
probably want to change this value if you have more than one child. You can set size_hint to (None,
None) to use absolute size with size. This widget honors pos_hint also, which as a dict setting position
relative to layout position.
100
RelativeLayout: Behaves just like FloatLayout, except children positions are relative to layout position,
not the screen.
Examine the documentation of the individual layouts for a more in-depth understanding.
size_hint and pos_hint:
• floatlayout
• boxlayout
• gridlayout
• stacklayout
• relativelayout
• anchorlayout
size_hint is a ReferenceListProperty of size_hint_x and size_hint_y. It accepts values
from 0 to 1 or None and defaults to (1, 1). This signifies that if the widget is in a layout, the layout will
allocate it as much place as possible in both directions (relative to the layouts size).
Setting size_hint to (0.5, 0.8), for example, will make the widget 50% the width and 80% the height
of available size for the Widget inside a layout.
Consider the following example:
BoxLayout:
Button:
text: 'Button 1'
# default size_hint is 1, 1, we don't need to specify it explicitly
# however it's provided here to make things clear
size_hint: 1, 1
Now load kivy catalog by typing the following, but replacing $KIVYDIR with the directory of your
installation (discoverable via os.path.dirname(kivy.__file__)):
cd $KIVYDIR/examples/demo/kivycatalog
python main.py
A new window will appear. Click in the area below the ‘Welcome’ Spinner on the left and replace the
text there with your kv code from above.
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As you can see from the image above, the Button takes up 100% of the layout size.
Changing the size_hint_x/size_hint_y to .5 will make the Widget take 50% of the layout
width/height.
102
You can see here that, although we specify size_hint_x and size_hint_y both to be .5, only
size_hint_y seems to be honored. That is because boxlayout controls the size_hint_y when
orientation is vertical and size_hint_x when orientation is ‘horizontal’. The controlled di-
mension’s size is calculated depending upon the total no. of children in the boxlayout. In this
example, one child has size_hint_y controlled (.5/.5 = 1). Thus, the widget takes 100% of the parent
layout’s height.
Let’s add another Button to the layout and see what happens.
103
boxlayout by its very nature divides the available space between its children equally. In our exam-
ple, the proportion is 50-50, because we have two children. Let’s use size_hint on one of the children
and see the results.
104
If a child specifies size_hint, this specifies how much space the Widget will take out of the size
given to it by the boxlayout. In our example, the first Button specifies .5 for size_hint_x. The
space for the widget is calculated like so:
first child's size_hint divided by

first child's size_hint + second child's size_hint + ...n(no of children)
.5/(.5+1) = .333...
The rest of the BoxLayout’s width is divided among the rest of the children. In our example, this
means the second Button takes up 66.66% of the layout width.
Experiment with size_hint to get comfortable with it.
If you want to control the absolute size of a Widget, you can set size_hint_x/size_hint_y or
both to None so that the widget’s width and or height attributes will be honored.
pos_hint is a dict, which defaults to empty. As for size_hint, layouts honor pos_hint differently,
but generally you can add values to any of the pos attributes (x, y, right, top, center_x, center_y)
to have the Widget positioned relative to its parent.
Let’s experiment with the following code in kivycatalog to understand pos_hint visually:
FloatLayout:
Button:
text: "We Will"
pos: 100, 100
size_hint: .2, .4
Button:
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text: "Wee Wiill"
pos: 200, 200
size_hint: .4, .2
Button:
text: "ROCK YOU!!"
pos_hint: {'x': .3, 'y': .6}
size_hint: .5, .2
This gives us:
As with size_hint, you should experiment with pos_hint to understand the effect it has on the
widget positions.
22.6 Adding a Background to a Layout
One of the frequently asked questions about layouts is::
"How to add a background image/color/video/... to a Layout"
Layouts by their nature have no visual representation: they have no canvas instructions by default.
However you can add canvas instructions to a layout instance easily, as with adding a colored back-
ground:
In Python:
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from kivy.graphics import Color, Rectangle
with layout_instance.canvas.before:
Color(0, 1, 0, 1) # green; colors range from 0-1 instead of 0-255
self.rect = Rectangle(size=layout_instance.size,
pos=layout_instance.pos)
Unfortunately, this will only draw a rectangle at the layout’s initial position and size. To make sure the
rect is drawn inside the layout, when the layout size/pos changes, we need to listen to any changes and
update the rectangles size and pos. We can do that as follows:
with layout_instance.canvas.before:
Color(0, 1, 0, 1) # green; colors range from 0-1 instead of 0-255
self.rect = Rectangle(size=layout_instance.size,
pos=layout_instance.pos)
def update_rect(instance, value):

instance.rect.pos = instance.pos
instance.rect.size = instance.size
# listen to size and position changes

layout_instance.bind(pos=update_rect, size=update_rect)
In kv:
FloatLayout:
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: 0, 1, 0, 1
Rectangle:
# self here refers to the widget i.e FloatLayout
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
The kv declaration sets an implicit binding: the last two kv lines ensure that the pos and size values
of the rectangle will update when the pos of the floatlayout changes.
Now we put the snippets above into the shell of Kivy App.
Pure Python way:

from kivy.uix.floatlayout import FloatLayout
class RootWidget(FloatLayout):

# make sure we aren't overriding any important functionality
super(RootWidget, self).__init__(**kwargs)
# let's add a Widget to this layout

self.add_widget(
Button(
107
text="Hello World",
size_hint=(.5, .5),
pos_hint={'center_x': .5, 'center_y': .5}))
class MainApp(App):
def build(self):
self.root = root = RootWidget()
root.bind(size=self._update_rect, pos=self._update_rect)
with root.canvas.before:
Color(0, 1, 0, 1) # green; colors range from 0-1 not 0-255
self.rect = Rectangle(size=root.size, pos=root.pos)
return root
def _update_rect(self, instance, value):

self.rect.pos = instance.pos
self.rect.size = instance.size
if __name__ == '__main__':
MainApp().run()
Using the kv Language:

from kivy.lang import Builder
root = Builder.load_string('''
FloatLayout:
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: 0, 1, 0, 1
Rectangle:
# self here refers to the widget i.e FloatLayout
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
Button:
text: 'Hello World!!'
size_hint: .5, .5
pos_hint: {'center_x':.5, 'center_y': .5}
''')
class MainApp(App):
def build(self):
return root
if __name__ == '__main__':
MainApp().run()
Both of the Apps should look something like this:
108
22.6.1 Add a color to the background of a custom layouts rule/class
The way we add background to the layout’s instance can quickly become cumbersome if we need to
use multiple layouts. To help with this, you can subclass the Layout and create your own layout that
adds a background.
Using Python:

from kivy.uix.boxlayout import BoxLayout
from kivy.uix.image import AsyncImage
class RootWidget(BoxLayout):
pass
class CustomLayout(FloatLayout):

# make sure we aren't overriding any important functionality
super(CustomLayout, self).__init__(**kwargs)
109
with self.canvas.before:
Color(0, 1, 0, 1) # green; colors range from 0-1 instead of 0-
,→ 255
self.rect = Rectangle(size=self.size, pos=self.pos)
self.bind(size=self._update_rect, pos=self._update_rect)
def _update_rect(self, instance, value):

self.rect.pos = instance.pos
self.rect.size = instance.size
class MainApp(App):
def build(self):
root = RootWidget()
c = CustomLayout()
root.add_widget(c)
c.add_widget(
AsyncImage(
source="http://www.everythingzoomer.com/wp-content/uploads/
,→2013/01/Monday-joke-289x277.jpg",
size_hint= (1, .5),

pos_hint={'center_x':.5, 'center_y':.5}))
root.add_widget(AsyncImage(source='http://www.stuffistumbledupon.
,→com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Have-you-seen-this-dog-because-its-
,→awesome-meme-puppy-doggy.jpg'))
c = CustomLayout()
c.add_widget(
AsyncImage(
source="http://www.stuffistumbledupon.com/wp-content/
,→uploads/2012/04/Get-a-Girlfriend-Meme-empty-wallet.jpg",
size_hint= (1, .5),

pos_hint={'center_x':.5, 'center_y':.5}))
root.add_widget(c)
return root
if __name__ == '__main__':
MainApp().run()
Using the kv Language:

Builder.load_string('''
<CustomLayout>
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: 0, 1, 0, 1
110
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
<RootWidget>
CustomLayout:
AsyncImage:
source: 'http://www.everythingzoomer.com/wp-content/uploads/
,→2013/01/Monday-joke-289x277.jpg'
size_hint: 1, .5
AsyncImage:
source: 'http://www.stuffistumbledupon.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/
,→05/Have-you-seen-this-dog-because-its-awesome-meme-puppy-doggy.jpg'
CustomLayout
AsyncImage:
source: 'http://www.stuffistumbledupon.com/wp-content/uploads/
,→2012/04/Get-a-Girlfriend-Meme-empty-wallet.jpg'
size_hint: 1, .5
''')
class RootWidget(BoxLayout):
pass
class CustomLayout(FloatLayout):
pass
class MainApp(App):
def build(self):
return RootWidget()
if __name__ == '__main__':
MainApp().run()
Both of the Apps should look something like this:
111
Defining the background in the custom layout class, assures that it will be used in every instance of
CustomLayout.
Now, to add an image or color to the background of a built-in Kivy layout, globally, we need to override
the kv rule for the layout in question. Consider GridLayout:
<GridLayout>
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: 0, 1, 0, 1
BorderImage:
source: '../examples/widgets/sequenced_images/data/images/
_
,→button white.png'
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
Then, when we put this snippet into a Kivy app:

<GridLayout>
canvas.before:
BorderImage:
# BorderImage behaves like the CSS BorderImage
112
border: 10, 10, 10, 10
source: '../examples/widgets/sequenced_images/data/images/
_
,→button white.png'
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
<RootWidget>
GridLayout:
size_hint: .9, .9
pos_hint: {'center_x': .5, 'center_y': .5}
rows:1
Label:
text: "I don't suffer from insanity, I enjoy every minute of it
,→"
text_size: self.width-20, self.height-20

valign: 'top'
Label:
text: "When I was born I was so surprised; I didn't speak for
,→a year and a half."

valign: 'middle'
halign: 'center'
Label:
text: "A consultant is someone who takes a subject you
,→understand and makes it sound confusing"

valign: 'bottom'
halign: 'justify'
''')
pass
class MainApp(App):
def build(self):
return RootWidget()
if __name__ == '__main__':
MainApp().run()
The result should look something like this:
113
As we are overriding the rule of the class GridLayout, any use of this class in our app will display that
image.
How about an Animated background?
You can set the drawing instructions like Rectangle/BorderImage/Ellipse/. . . to use a particular tex-
ture:
Rectangle:
texture: reference to a texture
We use this to display an animated background:

from kivy.uix.image import Image
from kivy.properties import ObjectProperty
<CustomLayout>
canvas.before:
BorderImage:
# BorderImage behaves like the CSS BorderImage
border: 10, 10, 10, 10
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texture: self.background_image.texture
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
<RootWidget>
CustomLayout:
size_hint: .9, .9
rows:1
Label:
text: "I don't suffer from insanity, I enjoy every minute of it
,→"

valign: 'top'
Label:
text: "When I was born I was so surprised; I didn't speak for
,→a year and a half."

valign: 'middle'
halign: 'center'
Label:
text: "A consultant is someone who takes a subject you
,→understand and makes it sound confusing"

valign: 'bottom'
halign: 'justify'
''')
class CustomLayout(GridLayout):
background_image = ObjectProperty(
Image(
source='../examples/widgets/sequenced_images/data/images/
,→button_white_animated.zip',
anim_delay=.1))
pass
class MainApp(App):
def build(self):
return RootWidget()
if __name__ == '__main__':
MainApp().run()
To try to understand what is happening here, start from line 13:
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texture: self.background_image.texture
This specifies that the texture property of BorderImage will be updated whenever the texture property of
background_image updates. We define the background_image property at line 40:
background_image = ObjectProperty(...
This sets up background_image as an ObjectProperty in which we add an Image widget. An image

widget has a texture property; where you see self.background_image.texture, this sets a reference, texture,
to this property. The Image widget supports animation: the texture of the image is updated whenever
the animation changes, and the texture of BorderImage instruction is updated in the process.
You can also just blit custom data to the texture. For details, look at the documentation of Texture.
22.7 Nesting Layouts
Yes! It is quite fun to see how extensible the process can be.
22.8 Size and position metrics
Kivy’s default unit for length is the pixel, all sizes and positions are expressed in it by default. You
can express them in other units, which is useful to achieve better consistency across devices (they get
converted to the size in pixels automatically).
Available units are pt, mm, cm, inch, dp and sp. You can learn about their usage in the metrics
documentation.
You can also experiment with the screen usage to simulate various devices screens for your applica-
tion.
22.9 Screen Separation with Screen Manager
If your application is composed of various screens, you likely want an easy way to navigate from one
Screen to another. Fortunately, there is the ScreenManager class, that allows you to define screens
separately, and to set the TransitionBase from one to another.
116
CHAPTER
TWENTYTHREE
GRAPHICS
23.1 Introduction to Canvas
A Widgets graphical representation is rendered using a canvas, which you can see as both an unlimited
drawing board or as a set of drawing instructions. There are numerous instructions you can apply (add)
to your canvas, but there are two main variations:
• context instructions
• vertex instructions
Context instructions don’t draw anything, but they change the results of the vertex instructions.
Canvasses can contain two subsets of instructions. They are the canvas.before and the canvas.
after instruction groups. The instructions in these groups will be executed before and after the
canvas group respectively. This means that they will appear under (be executed before) and above
(be executed after) them. Those groups are not created until the user accesses them.
To add a canvas instruction to a widget, you use the canvas context:
with self.canvas:
# add your instruction for main canvas here
# you can use this to add instructions rendered before
with self.canvas.after:
# you can use this to add instructions rendered after
23.2 Context instructions
Context instructions manipulate the opengl context. You can rotate, translate, and scale your canvas.
You can also attach a texture or change the drawing color. This one is the most commonly used, but
others are really useful too:
Color(1, 0, .4, mode='rgb')
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23.3 Drawing instructions
Drawing instructions range from very simple ones, like drawing a line or a polygon, to more complex
ones, like meshes or bezier curves:
with self.canvas:
# draw a line using the default color
Line(points=(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3))
# lets draw a semi-transparent red square

Color(1, 0, 0, .5, mode='rgba')
Rectangle(pos=self.pos, size=self.size)
23.4 Manipulating instructions
Sometimes you want to update or remove the instructions you have added to a canvas. This can be
done in various ways depending on your needs:
You can keep a reference to your instructions and update them:
with self.canvas:
self.rect = Rectangle(pos=self.pos, size=self.size)
self.bind(pos=self.update_rect)
self.bind(size=self.update_rect)
def update_rect(self, *args):

self.rect.pos = self.pos
self.rect.size = self.size
Or you can clean your canvas and start fresh:
self.draw_my_stuff()
self.bind(pos=self.draw_my_stuff)
self.bind(size=self.draw_my_stuff)
def draw_my_stuff(self, *args):

self.canvas.clear()
with self.canvas:
self.rect = Rectangle(pos=self.pos, size=self.size)
Note that updating the instructions is considered the best practice as it involves less overhead and
avoids creating new instructions.
118
CHAPTER
TWENTYFOUR
KV LANGUAGE
24.1 Concept behind the language
As your application grows more complex, it’s common that the construction of widget trees and explicit
declaration of bindings becomes verbose and hard to maintain. The KV Language is an attempt to
overcome these shortcomings.
The KV language, sometimes called kvlang or the kivy language, allows you to create your widget tree
in a declarative way and to bind widget properties to each other or to callbacks in a natural manner. It
allows for very fast prototypes and agile changes to your UI. It also facilitates separating the logic of
your application and its User Interface.
24.2 How to load KV
There are two ways to load Kv code into your application:

• By name convention:
Kivy looks for a Kv file with the same name as your App class in lowercase, minus “App” if it
ends with ‘App’ e.g:
MyApp -> my.kv
If this file defines a Root Widget it will be attached to the App’s root attribute and used as the base
of the application widget tree.
• Builder: You can tell Kivy to directly load a string or a file. If this string or file defines a root
widget, it will be returned by the method:
Builder.load_file('path/to/file.kv')
or:
Builder.load_string(kv_string)
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24.3 Rule context
A Kv source constitutes of rules which are used to describe the content of a Widget. You can have one
root rule, and any number of class or template rules.
The root rule is declared by declaring the class of your root widget, without any indentation, followed
by : and will be set as the root attribute of the App instance:
Widget:
A class rule, declared by the name of a widget class between < > and followed by :, defines the appear-
ance and behavior of any instance of that class:
<MyWidget>:
Rules use indentation for delimitation, like Python. Indentation should be four spaces per level, like
the Python style guide recommends.
There are three keywords specific to the Kv language:
• app: always refers to the instance of your application.
• root: refers to the base widget/template in the current rule
• self : always refer to the current widget
24.4 Special syntax
There is a special syntax to define values for the whole Kv context.

To access Python modules and classes from kv, use #:import
#:import name x.y.z

#:import isdir os.path.isdir
#:import np numpy
is equivalent to:
from x.y import z as name

from os.path import isdir
import numpy as np
in Python.
To set a global value, use #:set
#:set name value
is equivalent to:
name = value
in Python.
120
24.5 Instantiate children
To declare a widget instance of some class as a child widget, just declare that child inside the rule:
MyRootWidget:
BoxLayout:
Button:
Button:
The example above defines that our root widget, an instance of MyRootWidget, has a child that is an
instance of the BoxLayout, and that BoxLayout further has two children, instances of the Button
class.
The Python equivalent of this code might be:
root = MyRootWidget()
box = BoxLayout()
box.add_widget(Button())
box.add_widget(Button())
root.add_widget(box)
Which you may find less nice, both to read and to write.
Of course, in Python, you can pass keyword arguments to your widgets at creation to specify their
behaviour. For example, to set the number of columns of a gridlayout, we would do:
grid = GridLayout(cols=3)
To do the same thing in kv, you can set properties of the child widget directly in the rule:
GridLayout:
cols: 3
The value is evaluated as a Python expression, and all the properties used in the expression will be
observed, that means that if you had something like this in Python (this assume self is a widget with a
data ListProperty):
grid = GridLayout(cols=len(self.data))
self.bind(data=grid.setter('cols'))
To have your display updated when your data change, you can now have just:
GridLayout:
cols: len(root.data)
Note: Widget names should start with upper case letters while property names should start with lower
case ones. Following the PEP8 Naming Conventions is encouraged.
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24.6 Event Bindings
You can bind to events in Kv using the “:” syntax, that is, associating a callback to an event:
Widget:
on_size: my_callback()
You can pass the values dispatched by the signal using the args keyword:
TextInput:
on_text: app.search(args[1])
More complex expressions can be used, like:
pos: self.center_x - self.texture_size[0] / 2., self.center_y - self.

,→texture_size[1] / 2.
This expression listens for a change in center_x, center_y, and texture_size. If one of them
changes, the expression will be re-evaluated to update the pos field.
You can also handle on_ events inside your kv language. For example the TextInput class has a focus
property whose auto-generated on_focus event can be accessed inside the kv language like so:
TextInput:
on_focus: print(args)
24.7 Extend canvas
Kv lang can be used to define the canvas instructions of your widget like this:
MyWidget:
canvas:
Color:
rgba: 1, .3, .8, .5
Line:
points: zip(self.data.x, self.data.y)
And they get updated when properties values change.

Of course you can use canvas.before and canvas.after.
24.8 Referencing Widgets
In a widget tree there is often a need to access/reference other widgets. The Kv Language provides a
way to do this using id’s. Think of them as class level variables that can only be used in the Kv language.
Consider the following:
<MyFirstWidget>:
Button:
id: f_but
TextInput:
text: f_but.state
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<MySecondWidget>:
Button:
id: s_but
TextInput:
text: s_but.state
An id is limited in scope to the rule it is declared in, so in the code above s_but can not be accessed
outside the <MySecondWidget> rule.
Warning: When assigning a value to id, remember that the value isn’t a string. There are no quotes:
good -> id: value, bad -> id: 'value'
An id is a weakref to the widget and not the widget itself. As a consequence, storing the id is not
sufficient to keep the widget from being garbage collected. To demonstrate:
<MyWidget>:
label_widget: label_widget
Button:
text: 'Add Button'
on_press: root.add_widget(label_widget)
Button:
text: 'Remove Button'
on_press: root.remove_widget(label_widget)
Label:
id: label_widget
text: 'widget'
Although a reference to label_widget is stored in MyWidget, it is not sufficient to keep the object
alive once other references have been removed because it’s only a weakref. Therefore, after the re-
move button is clicked (which removes any direct reference to the widget) and the window is resized
(which calls the garbage collector resulting in the deletion of label_widget), when the add button is
clicked to add the widget back, a ReferenceError: weakly-referenced object no longer
exists will be thrown.
To keep the widget alive, a direct reference to the label_widget widget must be kept. This is achieved
using id.__self__ or label_widget.__self__ in this case. The correct way to do this would be:
<MyWidget>:
label_widget: label_widget.__self__
24.9 Accessing Widgets defined inside Kv lang in your Python code
Consider the code below in my.kv:
<MyFirstWidget>:
# both these variables can be the same name and this doesn't lead to
# an issue with uniqueness as the id is only accessible in kv.
txt_inpt: txt_inpt
Button:
id: f_but
TextInput:
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id: txt_inpt
text: f_but.state
on_text: root.check_status(f_but)
In myapp.py:
...
class MyFirstWidget(BoxLayout):
txt_inpt = ObjectProperty(None)
def check_status(self, btn):

print('button state is: {state}'.format(state=btn.state))
print('text input text is: {txt}'.format(txt=self.txt_inpt))
...
txt_inpt is defined as a ObjectProperty initialized to None inside the Class.
txt_inpt = ObjectProperty(None)
At this point self.txt_inpt is None. In Kv lang this property is updated to hold the instance of the
TextInput referenced by the id txt_inpt.:
txt_inpt: txt_inpt
From this point onwards, self.txt_inpt holds a reference to the widget identified by the id txt_input and
can be used anywhere in the class, as in the function check_status. In contrast to this method you could
also just pass the id to the function that needs to use it, like in case of f_but in the code above.
There is a simpler way to access objects with id tags in Kv using the ids lookup object. You can do this
as follows:
<Marvel>
Label:
id: loki
text: 'loki: I AM YOUR GOD!'
Button:
id: hulk
text: "press to smash loki"
on_release: root.hulk_smash()
In your Python code:
class Marvel(BoxLayout):
def hulk_smash(self):
self.ids.hulk.text = "hulk: puny god!"
self.ids["loki"].text = "loki: >_<!!!" # alternative syntax
When your kv file is parsed, kivy collects all the widgets tagged with id’s and places them in this self.ids
dictionary type property. That means you can also iterate over these widgets and access them dictionary
style:
for key, val in self.ids.items():

print("key={0}, val={1}".format(key, val))
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Note: Although the self.ids method is very concise, it is generally regarded as ‘best practice’ to use the
ObjectProperty. This creates a direct reference, provides faster access and is more explicit.
24.10 Dynamic Classes
Consider the code below:
<MyWidget>:
Button:
text: "Hello world, watch this text wrap inside the button"
text_size: self.size
font_size: '25sp'
markup: True
Button:
text: "Even absolute is relative to itself"
font_size: '25sp'
markup: True
Button:
text: "Repeating the same thing over and over in a comp = fail"
font_size: '25sp'
markup: True
Button:
Instead of having to repeat the same values for every button, we can just use a template instead, like so:
<MyBigButton@Button>:
font_size: '25sp'
markup: True
<MyWidget>:
MyBigButton:
text: "Hello world, watch this text wrap inside the button"
MyBigButton:
text: "Even absolute is relative to itself"
MyBigButton:
text: "repeating the same thing over and over in a comp = fail"
MyBigButton:
This class, created just by the declaration of this rule, inherits from the Button class and allows us to
change default values and create bindings for all its instances without adding any new code on the
Python side.
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24.11 Re-using styles in multiple widgets
Consider the code below in my.kv:
<MyFirstWidget>:
Button:
on_press: root.text(txt_inpt.text)
TextInput:
id: txt_inpt
<MySecondWidget>:
Button:
TextInput:
id: txt_inpt
In myapp.py:
class MyFirstWidget(BoxLayout):
def text(self, val):

print('text input text is: {txt}'.format(txt=val))
class MySecondWidget(BoxLayout):
writing = StringProperty('')
def text(self, val):

self.writing = val
Because both classes share the same .kv style, this design can be simplified if we reuse that style for
both widgets. You can do this in .kv as follows. In my.kv:
<MyFirstWidget,MySecondWidget>:
Button:
TextInput:
id: txt_inpt
By separating the class names with a comma, all the classes listed in the declaration will have the same
kv properties.
126
24.12 Designing with the Kivy Language
One of the aims of the Kivy language is to separate the concerns of presentation and logic. The presen-
tation (layout) side is addressed by your .kv file and the logic by your .py file.
24.12.1 The code goes in py files
Let’s start with a little example: a Python file named main.py:
import kivy
kivy.require('1.0.5')

from kivy.properties import ObjectProperty, StringProperty
class Controller(FloatLayout):
'''Create a controller that receives a custom widget from the kv lang
,→file.
Add an action to be called from the kv lang file.

'''
label_wid = ObjectProperty()
info = StringProperty()
def do_action(self):
self.label_wid.text = 'My label after button press'
self.info = 'New info text'
class ControllerApp(App):
def build(self):
return Controller(info='Hello world')
if __name__ == '__main__':
ControllerApp().run()
In this example, we are creating a Controller class with 2 properties:

• info for receiving some text
• label_wid for receiving the label widget
In addition, we are creating a do_action() method that will use both of these properties. It will
change the info text and change text in the label_wid widget.
127
24.12.2 The layout goes in controller.kv
Executing this application without a corresponding .kv file will work, but nothing will be shown on the
screen. This is expected, because the Controller class has no widgets in it, it’s just a FloatLayout.
We can create the UI around the Controller class in a file named controller.kv, which will be loaded
when we run the ControllerApp. How this is done and what files are loaded is described in the
kivy.app.App.load_kv() method.
#:kivy 1.0
<Controller>:
label_wid: my_custom_label
BoxLayout:
orientation: 'vertical'
padding: 20
Button:
text: 'My controller info is: ' + root.info
on_press: root.do_action()
Label:
id: my_custom_label
text: 'My label before button press'
One label and one button in a vertical BoxLayout. Seems very simple. There are 3 things going on
here:
1. Using data from the Controller. As soon as the info property is changed in the controller,
the expression text: 'My controller info is: ' + root.info will automatically
be re-evaluated, changing the text in the Button.
2. Giving data to the Controller. The expression id: my_custom_label is assigning the
created Label the id of my_custom_label. Then, using my_custom_label in the ex-
pression label_wid: my_custom_label gives the instance of that Label widget to your
Controller.
3. Creating a custom callback in the Button using the Controller’s on_press method.
• root and self are reserved keywords, usable anywhere. root represents the top
widget in the rule and self represents the current widget.
• You can use any id declared in the rule the same as root and self. For example,
you could do this in the on_press():
Button:
on_press: root.do_action(); my_custom_label.font_size = 18
And that’s that. Now when we run main.py, controller.kv will be loaded so that the Button and Label
will show up and respond to our touch events.
128
24.13 More documentation
For a full description of the different components of the KV language, advanced usage and limitations,
see the documentation for lang
129
130
CHAPTER
TWENTYFIVE
INTEGRATING WITH OTHER

FRAMEWORKS
25.1 Using Twisted inside Kivy
Note: You can use the kivy.support.install_twisted_reactor function to install a twisted reactor that will
run inside the kivy event loop.
Any arguments or keyword arguments passed to this function will be passed on the threadedse-
lect reactors interleave function. These are the arguments one would usually pass to twisted’s reac-
tor.startRunning
Warning: Unlike the default twisted reactor, the installed reactor will not handle any signals unless
you set the ‘installSignalHandlers’ keyword argument to 1 explicitly. This is done to allow kivy to
handle the signals as usual, unless you specifically want the twisted reactor to handle the signals
(e.g. SIGINT).
The kivy examples include a small example of a twisted server and client. The server app has a simple
twisted server running and logs any messages. The client app can send messages to the server and will
print its message and the response it got. The examples are based mostly on the simple Echo example
from the twisted docs, which you can find here:
• https://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/examples/
To try the example, run echo_server_app.py first, and then launch echo_client_app.py. The server will
reply with simple echo messages to anything the client app sends when you hit enter after typing
something in the textbox.
131
25.1.1 Server App
# install_twisted_rector must be called before importing and using the

,→reactor
from kivy.support import install_twisted_reactor
install_twisted_reactor()
from twisted.internet import reactor

from twisted.internet import protocol
class EchoServer(protocol.Protocol):
def dataReceived(self, data):
response = self.factory.app.handle_message(data)
if response:
self.transport.write(response)
class EchoServerFactory(protocol.Factory):
protocol = EchoServer
def __init__(self, app):

self.app = app

class TwistedServerApp(App):
label = None
def build(self):
self.label = Label(text="server started\n")
reactor.listenTCP(8000, EchoServerFactory(self))
return self.label
def handle_message(self, msg):

msg = msg.decode('utf-8')
self.label.text = "received: {}\n".format(msg)
if msg == "ping":
msg = "Pong"
if msg == "plop":
msg = "Kivy Rocks!!!"
self.label.text += "responded: {}\n".format(msg)
return msg.encode('utf-8')
if __name__ == '__main__':
TwistedServerApp().run()
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25.1.2 Client App
# install_twisted_rector must be called before importing the reactor

from __future__ import unicode_literals
from kivy.support import install_twisted_reactor
install_twisted_reactor()
# A Simple Client that send messages to the Echo Server

from twisted.internet import reactor, protocol
class EchoClient(protocol.Protocol):
def connectionMade(self):
self.factory.app.on_connection(self.transport)
def dataReceived(self, data):

self.factory.app.print_message(data.decode('utf-8'))
class EchoClientFactory(protocol.ClientFactory):
protocol = EchoClient
def __init__(self, app):

self.app = app
def startedConnecting(self, connector):

self.app.print_message('Started to connect.')
def clientConnectionLost(self, connector, reason):

self.app.print_message('Lost connection.')
def clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason):

self.app.print_message('Connection failed.')

# A simple kivy App, with a textbox to enter messages, and

# a large label to display all the messages received from
# the server
class TwistedClientApp(App):
connection = None
textbox = None
label = None
def build(self):
root = self.setup_gui()
self.connect_to_server()
133
return root
def setup_gui(self):
self.textbox = TextInput(size_hint_y=.1, multiline=False)
self.textbox.bind(on_text_validate=self.send_message)
self.label = Label(text='connecting...\n')
layout = BoxLayout(orientation='vertical')
layout.add_widget(self.label)
layout.add_widget(self.textbox)
return layout
def connect_to_server(self):
reactor.connectTCP('localhost', 8000, EchoClientFactory(self))
def on_connection(self, connection):

self.print_message("Connected successfully!")
self.connection = connection
def send_message(self, *args):

msg = self.textbox.text
if msg and self.connection:
self.connection.write(msg.encode('utf-8'))
self.textbox.text = ""
def print_message(self, msg):

self.label.text += "{}\n".format(msg)
if __name__ == '__main__':
TwistedClientApp().run()
134
CHAPTER
TWENTYSIX
PACKAGING YOUR APPLICATION
26.1 Create a package for Windows
Note: This document only applies for kivy 1.9.1 and greater.
Packaging your application for the Windows platform can only be done inside the Windows OS. The
following process has been tested on Windows with the Kivy wheels installation, see at the end for
alternate installations.
The package will be either 32 or 64 bits depending on which version of Python you ran it with.
26.1.1 Requirements
• Latest Kivy (installed as described in installation_windows).

• PyInstaller 3.1+ (pip install --upgrade pyinstaller).
26.1.2 PyInstaller default hook
This section applies to PyInstaller (>= 3.1) that includes the kivy hooks. To overwrite the default hook
the following examples need to be slightly modified. See Overwriting the default hook.
26.1.3 Packaging a simple app
For this example, we’ll package the touchtracer example project and embed a custom icon. The location
of the kivy examples is, when using the wheels, installed to python\\share\\kivy-examples and
when using the github source code installed as kivy\\examples. We’ll just refer to the full path
leading to the examples as examples-path. The touchtracer example is in examples-path\\demo\
\touchtracer and the main file is named main.py.
1. Open your command line shell and ensure that python is on the path (i.e. python works).
2. Create a folder into which the packaged app will be created. For example create a TouchApp
folder and change to that directory with e.g. cd TouchApp. Then type:
python -m PyInstaller --name touchtracer examples-path\demo\

,→touchtracer\main.py
You can also add an icon.ico file to the application folder in order to create an icon for the exe-
cutable. If you don’t have a .ico file available, you can convert your icon.png file to ico using the
web app ConvertICO. Save the icon.ico in the touchtracer directory and type:
135
python -m PyInstaller --name touchtracer --icon examples-path\demo\
,→touchtracer\icon.ico examples-path\demo\touchtracer\main.py
For more options, please consult the PyInstaller Manual.

3. The spec file will be touchtracer.spec located in TouchApp. Now we need to edit the spec
file to add the dependencies hooks to correctly build the exe. Open the spec file with your favorite
editor and add these lines at the beginning of the spec (assuming sdl2 is used, the default now):
from kivy_deps import sdl2, glew
Then, find COLLECT() and add the data for touchtracer (touchtracer.kv, particle.png, . . . ): Change
the line to add a Tree() object, e.g. Tree('examples-path\\demo\\touchtracer\\').
This Tree will search and add every file found in the touchtracer directory to your final package.
To add the dependencies, before the first keyword argument in COLLECT add a Tree object
for every path of the dependencies. E.g. *[Tree(p) for p in (sdl2.dep_bins + glew.
dep_bins)] so it’ll look something like:
coll = COLLECT(exe, Tree('examples-path\\demo\\touchtracer\\'),

a.binaries,
a.zipfiles,
a.datas,
*[Tree(p) for p in (sdl2.dep_bins + glew.dep_bins)],
strip=False,
upx=True,
name='touchtracer')
4. Now we build the spec file in TouchApp with:
python -m PyInstaller touchtracer.spec
5. The compiled package will be in the TouchApp\dist\touchtracer directory.
26.1.4 Single File Application
Next, we will modify the example above to package the touchtracer example project as a single file
application. Following the same steps as above, instead issue the following command:
python -m PyInstaller --onefile --name touchtracer examples-path\demo\

,→touchtracer\main.py
1. As before, this will generate touchtracer.spec, which we will edit to add the dependencies. In this
instance, edit the arguments to the EXE command so that it will look something like this:
exe = EXE(pyz, Tree('examples-path\\demo\\touchtracer\\'),

a.scripts,
a.binaries,
a.zipfiles,
a.datas,
*[Tree(p) for p in (sdl2.dep_bins + glew.dep_bins)],
upx=True
name='touchtracer')
2. Now you can build the spec file as before with:
136
python -m PyInstaller touchtracer.spec
3. The compiled package will be in the TouchApp\dist directory and will consist of a single executable
file.
26.1.5 Bundling Data Files
We will again modify the previous example to include bundled data files. PyInstaller allows inclusion
of outside data files (such as images, databases, etc) that the project needs to run. When running an app
on Windows, the executable extracts to a temporary folder which the Kivy project doesn’t know about,
so it can’t locate these data files. We can fix that with a few lines.
1. First, follow PyInstaller documentation on how to include data files in your application.
2. Modify your main python code to include the following imports (if it doesn’t have them already):
import os, sys

from kivy.resources import resource_add_path, resource_find
3. Modify your main python code to include the following (using the touchtracer app as an exam-
ple):
if __name__ == '__main__':
if hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS'):
resource_add_path(os.path.join(sys._MEIPASS))
TouchtracerApp().run()
4. Finally, follow the steps for bundling your application above.
26.1.6 Packaging a video app with gstreamer
Following we’ll slightly modify the example above to package a app that uses gstreamer for video. We’ll
use the videoplayer example found at examples-path\widgets\videoplayer.py. Create a
folder somewhere called VideoPlayer and on the command line change your current directory to
that folder and do:
python -m PyInstaller --name gstvideo examples-path\widgets\videoplayer.py
to create the gstvideo.spec file. Edit as above and this time include the gstreamer dependency as
well:
from kivy_deps import sdl2, glew, gstreamer
and add the Tree() to include the video files, e.g. Tree('examples-path\\widgets') as well as
the gstreamer dependencies so it should look something like:
coll = COLLECT(exe, Tree('examples-path\\widgets'),

a.binaries,
a.zipfiles,
a.datas,
*[Tree(p) for p in (sdl2.dep_bins + glew.dep_bins +
,→gstreamer.dep_bins)],
strip=False,
upx=True,
name='gstvideo')
137
Then build the spec file in VideoPlayer with:
python -m PyInstaller gstvideo.spec
and you should find gstvideo.exe in VideoPlayer\dist\gstvideo, which when run will play a
video.
Note: If you’re using Pygame and need PyGame in your packaging app, you’ll have to add the follow-
ing code to your spec file due to kivy issue #1638. After the imports add the following:
def getResource(identifier, *args, **kwargs):

if identifier == 'pygame_icon.tiff':
raise IOError()
return _original_getResource(identifier, *args, **kwargs)
import pygame.pkgdata
_original_getResource = pygame.pkgdata.getResource
pygame.pkgdata.getResource = getResource
26.1.7 Overwriting the default hook
26.1.8 Including/excluding video and audio and reducing app size
PyInstaller includes a hook for kivy that by default adds all the core modules used by kivy, e.g. audio,
video, spelling etc (you still need to package the gstreamer dlls manually with Tree() - see the example
above) and their dependencies. If the hook is not installed or to reduce app size some of these modules
may be excluded, e.g. if no audio/video is used, with an alternative hook.
Kivy provides the alternate hook at hookspath(). In addition, if and only if PyInstaller doesn’t have
the default hooks runtime_hooks() must also be provided. When overwriting the hook, the latter
one typically is not required to be overwritten.
The alternate hookspath() hook does not include any of the kivy providers. To add them, they
have to be added with get_deps_minimal() or get_deps_all(). See their documentation and
pyinstaller_hooks for more details. But essentially, get_deps_all() add all the providers like
in the default hook while get_deps_minimal() only adds those that are loaded when the app is run.
Each method provides a list of hidden kivy imports and excluded imports that can be passed on to
Analysis.
One can also generate a alternate hook which literally lists every kivy provider module and those not
required can be commented out. See pyinstaller_hooks.
To use the the alternate hooks with the examples above modify as following to add the
hooks with hookspath() and runtime_hooks (if required) and **get_deps_minimal() or
**get_deps_all() to specify the providers.
For example, add the import statement:
from kivy.tools.packaging.pyinstaller_hooks import get_deps_minimal, get_

,→deps_all, hookspath, runtime_hooks
and then modify Analysis as follows:
a = Analysis(['examples-path\\demo\\touchtracer\\main.py'],
...
138
hookspath=hookspath(),
runtime_hooks=runtime_hooks(),
...
**get_deps_all())
to include everything like the default hook. Or:
a = Analysis(['examples-path\\demo\\touchtracer\\main.py'],
...
...
**get_deps_minimal(video=None, audio=None))
e.g. to exclude the audio and video providers and for the other core modules only use those loaded.
The key points is to provide the alternate hookspath() which does not list by default all the kivy
providers and instead manually to hiddenimports add the required providers while removing the un-
desired ones (audio and video in this example) with get_deps_minimal().
26.1.9 Alternate installations
The previous examples used e.g. *[Tree(p) for p in (sdl2.dep_bins + glew.dep_bins +

gstreamer.dep_bins)], to make PyInstaller add all the dlls used by these dependencies. If kivy
was not installed using the wheels method these commands will not work and e.g. kivy_deps.sdl2
will fail to import. Instead, one must find the location of these dlls and manually pass them to the Tree
class in a similar fashion as the example.
26.2 Create a package for Android
You can create a package for android using the python-for-android project. This page explains how to
download and use it directly on your own machine (see Packaging your application into APK or AAB)
or use the Buildozer tool to automate the entire process. You can also see Packaging your application for
the Kivy Launcher to run kivy programs without compiling them.
For new users, we recommend using Buildozer as the easiest way to make a full APK or AAB. You can
also run your Kivy app without a compilation step with the Kivy Launcher app.
Kivy applications can be released on an Android market such as the Play store, with a few extra steps to
create a fully signed AAB (Android App Bundle).
The Kivy project includes tools for accessing Android APIs to accomplish vibration, sensor access, tex-
ting etc. These, along with information on debugging on the device, are documented at the main Android
page.
139
26.2.1 Buildozer
Buildozer is a tool that automates the entire build process. It downloads and sets up all the prereq-
uisites for python-for-android, including the android SDK and NDK, then builds an apk that can be
automatically pushed to the device.
Buildozer currently works only in Linux and macOS (You can still use it on Windows via WSL), and
can significantly simplify the apk build.
You can get buildozer at https://github.com/kivy/buildozer:
git clone https://github.com/kivy/buildozer.git

cd buildozer
sudo python setup.py install
This will install buildozer in your system. Afterwards, navigate to your project directory and run:
buildozer init
This creates a buildozer.spec file controlling your build configuration. You should edit it appropriately
with your app name etc. You can set variables to control most or all of the parameters passed to python-
for-android.
Install buildozer’s dependencies.
Finally, plug in your android device and run:
buildozer android debug deploy run
to build, push and automatically run the apk on your device.

Buildozer has many available options and tools to help you, the steps above are just the simplest way
to build and run your APK. The full documentation is available here. You can also check the Buildozer
README at https://github.com/kivy/buildozer.
26.2.2 Packaging with python-for-android
You can also package directly with python-for-android, which can give you more control but requires
you to manually download parts of the Android toolchain.
See the python-for-android documentation for full details.
26.2.3 Packaging your application for the Kivy Launcher
The Kivy launcher is an Android application that runs any Kivy examples stored on your SD Card. To
install the Kivy launcher, you must:
1. Go on Google Play Store and search for Kivy Launcher from kivy org
2. Click on Install
3. Select your phone. . . And you’re done!
If you don’t have access to the Google Play Store on your phone/tablet, you can download and install
the APK manually from https://github.com/kivy/kivy-launcher/releases
Once the Kivy launcher is installed, you can put your Kivy applications in the Kivy directory in your
external storage directory (often available at /sdcard even in devices where this memory is internal),
e.g.
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/sdcard/kivy/<yourapplication>
<yourapplication> should be a directory containing:
# Your main application file:

main.py
# Some info Kivy requires about your app on android:
android.txt
The file android.txt must contain:
title=<Application Title>
author=<Your Name>
orientation=<portrait|landscape>
These options are just a very basic configuration. If you create your own APK using the tools above,
you can choose many other settings.
Installation of Examples
Kivy comes with many examples, and these can be a great place to start trying the Kivy launcher. You
can run them as below:
#. Download the `Kivy demos for Android <https://storage.googleapis.com/

,→google-code-archive-downloads/v2/code.google.com/kivy/kivydemo-for-
,→android.zip>`_
#. Unzip the contents and go to the folder `kivydemo-for-android`

#. Copy all the the subfolders here to
/sdcard/kivy
1. Run the launcher and select one of the Pictures, Showcase, Touchtracer, Cymunk or other de-
mos. . .
26.2.4 Release on the market
If you have built your own APK with Buildozer or with python-for-android, you can create a release
version that may be released on the Play store or other Android markets.
To do this, you must run Buildozer with the release parameter (e.g. buildozer android
release), or if using python-for-android use the --release option to build.py. This creates a re-
lease AAB in the bin directory, which you must properly sign and zipalign. The procedure for doing
this is described in the Android documentation at https://developer.android.com/studio/publish/
app-signing.html#signing-manually - all the necessary tools come with the Android SDK.
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26.2.5 Targeting Android
Kivy is designed to operate identically across platforms and as a result, makes some clear design de-
cisions. It includes its own set of widgets and by default, builds an APK or AAB with all the required
core dependencies and libraries.
It is possible to target specific Android features, both directly and in a (somewhat) cross-platform way.
See the Using Android APIs section of the Kivy on Android documentation for more details.
26.3 Kivy on Android
You can run Kivy applications on Android, on (more or less) any device with OpenGL ES 2.0 (Android
2.2 minimum). This is standard on modern devices; Google reports the requirement is met by 99.9% of
devices.
Kivy APKs are normal Android apps that you can distribute like any other, including on stores like the
Google Play Store. They behave properly when paused or restarted, may utilise Android services and
have access to most of the normal java API as described below.
Follow the instructions below to learn how to package your app for Android, debug your code on the device,
and use Android APIs such as for vibration and reading sensors.
26.3.1 Package for Android
The Kivy project provides all the necessary tools to package your app on Android, including building
your own standalone APK or AAB that may be distributed on a market like the Google Play Store. This
is covered fully in the Create a package for Android documentation.
26.3.2 Debugging your application on the Android platform
You can view the normal output of your code (stdout, stderr), as well as the normal Kivy logs, through
the Android logcat stream. This is accessed through adb, provided by the Android SDK. You may need
to enable adb in your device’s developer options, then connect your device to your computer and run:
adb logcat
You’ll see all the logs including your stdout/stderr and Kivy logger.
If you packaged your app with Buildozer, the adb tool may not be in your $PATH and the above com-
mand may not work. You can instead run:
buildozer android logcat
to run the version installed by Buildozer, or find the SDK tools at $HOME/.buildozer/android/
platform.
You can also run and debug your application using the Kivy Launcher. If you run your application this
way, you will find log files inside the “/.kivy/logs” sub-folder within your application folder.
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26.3.3 Using Android APIs
Although Kivy is a Python framework, the Kivy project maintains tools to easily use the normal java
APIs, for everything from vibration to sensors to sending messages through SMS or email.
For new users, we recommend using Plyer. For more advanced access or for APIs not currently
wrapped, you can use Pyjnius directly. Kivy also supplies an android module for basic Android func-
tionality.
User contributed Android code and examples are available on the Kivy wiki.
Plyer
Plyer is a pythonic, platform-independent API to use features commonly found on various platforms,
particularly mobile ones. The idea is that your app can call simply call a Plyer function, such as to
present a notification to the user, and Plyer will take care of doing so in the right way regardless of the
platform or operating system. Internally, Plyer uses Pyjnius (on Android), Pyobjus (on iOS) and some
platform specific APIs on desktop platforms.
For instance, the following code would make your Android device vibrate, or raise a NotImplemented-
Error that you can handle appropriately on other platforms such as desktops that don’t have appropri-
ate hardware::
from plyer import vibrator

vibrator.vibrate(10) # vibrate for 10 seconds
Plyer’s list of supported APIs is growing quite quickly, you can see the full list in the Plyer README.
Pyjnius
Pyjnius is a Python module that lets you access java classes directly from Python, automatically con-
verting arguments to the right type, and letting you easily convert the java results to Python.
Pyjnius can be obtained from github, and has its own documentation.
Here is a simple example showing Pyjnius’ ability to access the normal Android vibration API, the same
result of the plyer code above:
# 'autoclass' takes a java class and gives it a Python wrapper

from jnius import autoclass
# Context is a normal java class in the Android API

Context = autoclass('android.content.Context')
# PythonActivity is provided by the Kivy bootstrap app in python-for-

,→android
PythonActivity = autoclass('org.renpy.android.PythonActivity')
# The PythonActivity stores a reference to the currently running activity

# We need this to access the vibrator service
activity = PythonActivity.mActivity
# This is almost identical to the java code for the vibrator

vibrator = activity.getSystemService(Context.VIBRATOR_SERVICE)
vibrator.vibrate(10000) # The value is in milliseconds - this is 10s
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This code directly follows the java API functions to call the vibrator, with Pyjnius automatically trans-
lating the api to Python code and our calls back to the equivalent java. It is much more verbose and
java-like than Plyer’s version, for no benefit in this case, though Plyer does not wrap every API available
to Pyjnius.
Pyjnius also has powerful abilities to implement java interfaces, which is important for wrapping some
APIs, but these are not documented here - you can see Pyjnius’ own documentation.
Android module
Python-for-android includes a python module (actually cython wrapping java) to access a limited set
of Android APIs. This has been largely superseded by the more flexible Pyjnius and Plyer as above, but
may still occasionally be useful. The available functions are given in the python-for-android documen-
tation.
This includes code for billing/IAP and creating/accessing Android services, which is not yet available
in the other tools above.
26.3.4 Status of the Project and Tested Devices
These sections previously described the existence of Kivy’s Android build tools, with their limitations
and some devices that were known to work.
The Android tools are now quite stable, and should work with practically any device; our minimum
requirements are OpenGL ES 2.0 and Android 2.2. These are very common now - Kivy has even been
run on an Android smartwatch!
As Kivy works fine on most devices, the list of supported phones/tablets has been retired - all Android
devices are likely to work if they meet the conditions above.
26.4 Creating packages for macOS
Note: This guide describes multiple ways for packaging Kivy applications. Packaging using the Kivy
SDK is recommended for general use.
26.4.1 Using the Kivy SDK
Note: These instructions apply only from Kivy v2.0.0 onwards.
Note: Kivy.app is built with MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.9.
We provide a Kivy DMG with all dependencies bundled in a virtual environment, including a Python
interpreter that can be used as a base to package kivy apps.
This is the safest approach because it packages the binaries without references to any binaries on the
system on which the app is packaged. Because all references are to frameworks included in the dmg or
to binaries with the dmg. As opposed to e.g. pyinstaller which copies binaries from your local python
installation.
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You can find complete instructions to build and package apps with Kivy.app, starting either with
Kivy.app or building from scratch, in the readme of the kivy-sdk-packager repo.
26.4.2 Using Buildozer
pip install git+http://github.com/kivy/buildozer cd /to/where/I/Want/to/package buil-

dozer init
Edit the buildozer.spec and add the details for your app. Dependencies can be added to the require-
ments= section.
By default the kivy version specified in the requirements is ignored.
If you have a Kivy.app at /Applications/Kivy.app then that is used, for packaging. Otherwise the latest
build from kivy.org using Kivy master will be downloaded and used.
When you’re ready to package your macOS app just run:
buildozer osx debug
Once the app is packaged, you might want to remove unneeded packages, just reduce the package to
its minimal state that is needed for the app to run.
That’s it. Enjoy!
Buildozer right now uses the Kivy SDK to package your app. If you want to control more details about
your app than buildozer currently offers then you can use the SDK directly, as detailed in the section
below.
26.4.3 Using PyInstaller and Homebrew
Note: Package your app on the oldest macOS version you want to support.
Complete guide
1. Install Homebrew
2. Install Python:
$ brew install python
Note: To use Python 3, brew install python3 and replace pip with pip3 in the guide
below.
3. (Re)install your dependencies with --build-from-source to make sure they can be used on
other machines:
$ brew reinstall --build-from-source sdl2 sdl2_image sdl2_ttf sdl2_

,→mixer
Note: If your project depends on GStreamer or other additional libraries (re)install them with
--build-from-source as described below.
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4. Install Cython and Kivy:
$ pip install Cython==0.29.28
$ pip install -U kivy
5. Install PyInstaller:
$ pip install -U pyinstaller
6. Package your app using the path to your main.py:
$ pyinstaller -y --clean --windowed --name touchtracer \

--exclude-module _tkinter \
--exclude-module Tkinter \
--exclude-module enchant \
--exclude-module twisted \
/usr/local/share/kivy-examples/demo/touchtracer/main.py
Note: This will not yet copy additional image or sound files. You would need to adapt the created
.spec file for that.
Editing the spec file
The specs file is named touchtracer.spec and is located in the directory where you ran the pyinstaller
command.
You need to change the COLLECT() call to add the data of touchtracer (touchtracer.kv, particle.png, . . . ).
Change the line to add a Tree() object. This Tree will search and add every file found in the touchtracer
directory to your final package. Your COLLECT section should look something like this:
coll = COLLECT(exe, Tree('/usr/local/share/kivy-examples/demo/touchtracer/

,→'),
a.binaries,
a.zipfiles,
a.datas,
strip=None,
upx=True,
name='touchtracer')
This will add the required hooks so that PyInstaller gets the required Kivy files. We are done. Your spec
is ready to be executed.
Build the spec and create a DMG
1. Open a console.
2. Go to the PyInstaller directory, and build the spec:
$ pyinstaller -y --clean --windowed touchtracer.spec
3. Run:
$ pushd dist
$ hdiutil create ./Touchtracer.dmg -srcfolder touchtracer.app -ov
$ popd
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4. You will now have a Touchtracer.dmg available in the dist directory.
Additional Libraries
GStreamer
If your project depends on GStreamer:
$ brew reinstall --build-from-source gstreamer gst-plugins-{base,good,bad,

,→ugly}
Note: If your Project needs Ogg Vorbis support be sure to add the --with-libvorbis option to the
command above.
If you are using Python from Homebrew you will also need the following step until this pull request
gets merged:
$ brew reinstall --with-python --build-from-source https://github.com/

,→cbenhagen/homebrew/raw/patch-3/Library/Formula/gst-python.rb
26.4.4 Using PyInstaller without Homebrew
First install Kivy and its dependencies without using Homebrew as mentioned here http://kivy.org/
docs/installation/installation.html#development-version.
Once you have kivy and its deps installed, you need to install PyInstaller.
Let’s assume we use a folder like testpackaging:
cd testpackaging
git clone http://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller
Create a file named touchtracer.spec in this directory and add the following code to it:
# -*- mode: python -*-
block_cipher = None
from kivy.tools.packaging.pyinstaller_hooks import get_deps_all, hookspath,
,→ runtime_hooks
a = Analysis(['/path/to/yout/folder/containing/examples/demo/touchtracer/
,→main.py'],
pathex=['/path/to/yout/folder/containing/testpackaging'],
binaries=None,
win_no_prefer_redirects=False,
win_private_assemblies=False,
cipher=block_cipher,
**get_deps_all())
pyz = PYZ(a.pure, a.zipped_data,
cipher=block_cipher)
exe = EXE(pyz,
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a.scripts,
exclude_binaries=True,
name='touchtracer',
debug=False,
strip=False,
upx=True,
console=False )
coll = COLLECT(exe, Tree('../kivy/examples/demo/touchtracer/'),
Tree('/Library/Frameworks/SDL2_ttf.framework/Versions/A/
,→Frameworks/FreeType.framework'),
a.binaries,
a.zipfiles,
a.datas,
strip=False,
upx=True,
name='touchtracer')
app = BUNDLE(coll,
name='touchtracer.app',
icon=None,
bundle_identifier=None)
Change the paths with your relevant paths:
a = Analysis(['/path/to/yout/folder/containing/examples/demo/touchtracer/
,→main.py'],
pathex=['/path/to/yout/folder/containing/testpackaging'],
...
...
coll = COLLECT(exe, Tree('../kivy/examples/demo/touchtracer/'),
Then run the following command:
pyinstaller/pyinstaller.py touchtracer.spec
Replace touchtracer with your app where appropriate. This will give you a <yourapp>.app in the dist/
folder.
26.5 iOS Prerequisites
The following guide assumes:

• Xcode 13.2.1 or above
• macOS 11.6 or above
Your experience may vary with different versions.
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26.5.1 Getting started
In order to submit any application to the iTunes store, you will need an iOS Developer License. For
testing, you can use a physical device or the Xcode iOS emulator.
Please note that in order to test on the device, you need to register these devices and install your “pro-
visioning profile” on them. Please refer to the Apple’s Getting started guide for more information.
26.5.2 Homebrew
We use the Homebrew package manager for macOS to install some of the dependencies and tools used
by Kivy. It’s a really helpful tool and is an Open Source project hosted on Github.
Due to the nature of package management (complications with versions and Operating Systems), this
process can be error prone and cause failures in the build process. The Missing requirement: <pkg> is
not installed! message is typically such an error.
The first thing is to ensure you have run the following commands:
$ brew install autoconf automake libtool pkg-config
$ brew link libtool
If you still receive build errors, check your Homebrew is in a healthy state:
brew doctor
For further help, please refer to the Homebrew docs.

The last, final and desperate step to get things working might be to remove Homebrew altogether, get
the latest version, install that and then re-install the dependencies.
How do I uninstall Homebrew?
26.6 Create a package for iOS
The overall process for creating a package for iOS can be explained in 4 steps:
1. Compile the distribution (python + modules for iOS)
2. Create an Xcode project (and link your source code)
3. Update the Xcode project
4. Customize the Xcode project
26.6.1 Prerequisites
You need to install some dependencies, like Cython, autotools, etc. We encourage you to use Homebrew
to install those dependencies:
$ brew install autoconf automake libtool pkg-config
$ brew link libtool
For more detail, see iOS Prerequisites. Just ensure that everything is ok before starting the second step!
149
26.6.2 Compile the distribution
Open a terminal, and type:
$ pip install kivy-ios

$ toolchain build kivy
If you experience any issues, please refer to our user group or the kivy-ios project page.
26.6.3 Create an Xcode project
Before proceeding to the next step, ensure your application entry point is a file named main.py.
We provide a script that creates an initial Xcode project to start with. In the command line below, replace
title with your project name. It must be a name without any spaces or illegal characters:
$ toolchain create <title> <app_directory>

$ toolchain create Touchtracer ~/code/kivy/examples/demo/touchtracer
Note: You must use a fully qualified path to your application directory.
A directory named <title>-ios will be created, with an Xcode project in it. You can open the Xcode
project:
$ open touchtracer-ios/touchtracer.xcodeproj
Then click on Play, and enjoy.
Note: Everytime you press Play, your application directory will be synced to the <title>-ios/YourApp
directory. Don’t make changes in the -ios directory directly.
26.6.4 Update the Xcode project
Let’s say you want to add numpy to your project but you did not compile it prior to creating your
XCode project. First, ensure it is built:
$ toolchain build numpy
Then, update your Xcode project:
$ toolchain update touchtracer-ios
All the libraries / frameworks necessary to run all the compiled recipes will be added to your Xcode
project.
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26.6.5 Customize the Xcode project
There are various ways to customize and configure your app. Please refer to the kivy-ios documentation
for more information.
26.6.6 Known issues
All known issues with packaging for iOS are currently tracked on our issues page. If you encounter an
issue specific to packaging for iOS that isn’t listed there, please feel free to file a new issue, and we will
get back to you on it.
While most are too technical to be written here, one important known issue is that removing some
libraries (e.g. SDL_Mixer for audio) is currently not possible because the kivy project requires it. We
will fix this and others in future versions.
26.6.7 FAQ
Application quit abnormally!
In debug mode, all the print statements are sent to the Xcode console. Looking and grep’ing these logs
is highly encouraged. You’ll probably find that you missed to build/install a required dependency. Not
your case? Feel free to ask on our Discord support channels.
How can Apple accept a python app?
We managed to merge the app binary with all the libraries into a single binary, called libpython. This
means all binary modules are loaded beforehand, so nothing is dynamically loaded.
Have you already submitted a Kivy application to the App store?
Yes, absolutely. Kivy Apps in the Apple App Store.
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152
CHAPTER
TWENTYSEVEN
PACKAGE LICENSING
Warning: This is not a legally authoratative guide! The Kivy organisation, authors and contributors
take no responsibility for any lack of knowledge, information or advice presented here. The guide
is merely informative and is meant to protect inexperienced users.
Your code alone may not require including licensing information or copyright notices of other included
software, but binaries are something else. When a binary (.exe, .app, .apk, . . . ) is created, it includes
Kivy, its dependencies and other packages that your application uses.
Some of them are licensed in a way that requires including a copyright notice somewhere in your app
(or more). Before distributing any of the binaries, please check all the created files that don’t belong to
your source (.dll, .pyd, .so, . . . ) and include the appropriate copyright notices if required by the license
the files belong to. This way you may satisfy licensing requirements of the Kivy deps.
27.1 Dependencies
All of the dependencies will be used at least partially on each platform Kivy supports. You therefore
need to comply to their licenses, which mostly requires only pasting a copyright notice in your app and
not pretending you wrote the code.
• docutils
• `pygments https://github.com/pygments/pygments/blob/master/LICENSE`_
• sdl2
• glew
• gstreamer (if used)
• image & audio libraries(e.g. SDL_mixer has them)
You’ll probably need to check image and audio libraries manually (most begin with lib). The
LICENSE* files that belong to them should be included by PyInstaller, but are not included by python-
for-android and you need to find them.
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27.2 Windows (PyInstaller)
To access some Windows API features, Kivy uses the pypiwin32 package. This package is released
under the PSF license.
27.2.1 Visual Studio Redistributables
Python compiled with Visual Studio (official) includes files from Microsoft and you are only allowed to
redistribute them under specific conditions listed in the CRTlicense. You need to include the names of
the files and a reworded version of Py2 CRT license or Py3 CRT license (depending which interpreter
you use) and present these to the end-user of your application in order to satisfy their requirements.
• List of redistributables
27.2.2 Other libraries
• zlib
Note: Please add the attributions for other libraries that you don’t use directly but are present after
packaging with e.g. PyInstaller on Windows.
27.3 Linux
Linux has many distributions which means there’s no correct guide for all of the distributions. This
applies to the RPi too. However, it can be simplified in two ways depending on how you create a
package (also with PyInstaller): with or without including binaries.
If the binaries are included, you should check every file (e.g. .so) that’s not your source and find the
license it belongs to. According to that license, you’ll probably need to put an attribution into your
application or possibly more, depending on the requirements of that license.
If the binaries are not included (which allows packaging your app as e.g. a .deb package), there’s a
situation bad for your user. It’s up to you to decide whether you satisfy the conditions of other licenses
and, for example, include copyright attributions into your app or not.
27.4 Android
As APK or AAB are just an archive of files: you can extract files from them and (as in Windows redis-
tributables) check all the files.
private.tar contains all the included files. Most of them are related to Kivy, Python or your source,
but those that aren’t need checking.
apk: APK/assets/private.tar
aab: AAB/base/assets/private.tar
There are other included libraries, included either by Kivy directly or through SDL2, that are located
in APK/lib/* or AAB/base/lib/*. Most of them are related to dependencies or are produced by
python-for-android and are part of its source (and licensing).
154
Warning: libpybundle.so is actually a tarball that contains python modules and
site-packages. You’ll probably want to inspect it for licensing purposes via tar -xvf
libpybundle.so.
27.5 macOS
Missing.
27.6 iOS
Missing.
27.7 Avoiding binaries
There might be a way how to avoid this licensing process by avoiding creating a distribution with
third-party stuff completely. With Python you can create a module, which is only your code with
__main__.py + setup.py that only lists required dependencies.
This way, you can still distribute your app - your code - and you might not need to care about other
licenses. The combination of your code and the dependencies could be specified as a “usage” rather
than a “distribution”. The responsibility of satisfying licenses, however, most likely transfers to your
user, who needs to assemble the environment to even run the module. If you care about your users,
you might want to slow down a little and read more about the consequences.
155
156
Part IV
TUTORIALS
157
158
CHAPTER
TWENTYEIGHT
PONG GAME TUTORIAL
28.1 Introduction
Welcome to the Pong tutorial

This tutorial will teach you how to write pong using Kivy. We’ll start with a basic application like the
one described in the Create an application and turn it into a playable pong game, describing each step
along the way.
Here is a check list before starting this tutorial:

• You have a working Kivy installation. See the Installing Kivy section for detailed descriptions
• You know how to run a basic Kivy application. See Create an application if you don’t.
If you have read the programming guide, and understand both basic Widget concepts (A Simple Paint
App) and basic concepts of the kv language (Kv language), you can probably skip the first 2 steps and go
straight to step 3.
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Note: You can find the entire source code, and source code files for each step in the Kivy examples
directory under tutorials/pong/
Ready? Sweet, let’s get started!
28.2 Getting Started
Getting Started
Let’s start by getting a really simple Kivy app up and running. Create a directory for the game and a
file named main.py

3
5 class PongGame(Widget):
6 pass
7
9 class PongApp(App):
10 def build(self):
11 return PongGame()
12
13
14 if __name__ == '__main__':
15 PongApp().run()
Go ahead and run the application. It should just show a black window at this point. What we’ve done
is create a very simple Kivy App, which creates an instance of our PongGame Widget class and returns
it as the root element for the applications UI, which you should imagine at this point as a hierarchical
tree of Widgets. Kivy places this widget-tree in the default Window. In the next step, we will draw the
Pong background and scores by defining how the PongGame widget looks.
28.3 Add Simple Graphics
Creation of pong.kv
We will use a .kv file to define the look and feel of the PongGame class. Since our App class is called
PongApp, we can simply create a file called pong.kv in the same directory that will be automatically
loaded when the application is run. So create a new file called ``pong.kv`` and add the following con-
tents.
1 #:kivy 1.0.9
2
3 <PongGame>:
4 canvas:
5 Rectangle:
6 pos: self.center_x - 5, 0
7 size: 10, self.height
8
160
9 Label:
10 font_size: 70
11 center_x: root.width / 4
12 top: root.top - 50
13 text: "0"
14
15 Label:
16 font_size: 70
17 center_x: root.width * 3 / 4
19 text: "0"
Note: COMMON ERROR: The name of the kv file, e.g. pong.kv, must match the name of the app, e.g.
PongApp (the part before the App ending).
If you run the app now, you should see a vertical bar in the middle, and two zeros where the player
scores will be displayed.
28.3.1 Explaining the Kv File Syntax
Before going on to the next step, you might want to take a closer look at the contents of the kv file we
just created and figure out what is going on. If you understand what’s happening, you can probably
skip ahead to the next step.
On the very first line we have:
#:kivy 1.0.9
This first line is required in every kv file. It should start with #:kivy followed by a space and the
Kivy version it is intended for (so Kivy can make sure you have at least the required version, or handle
backwards compatibility later on).
After that, we begin defining rules that are applied to all PongGame instances:
<PongGame>:
...
Like Python, kv files use indentation to define nested blocks. A block defined with a class name inside
the < and > characters is a Widget rule. It will be applied to any instance of the named class. If you
replaced PongGame with Widget in our example, all Widget instances would have the vertical line and
the two Label widgets inside them because it would define these rules for all Widget instances.
Inside a rule section, you can add various blocks to define the style and contents of the widgets they
will be applied to. You can:
• set property values
• add child widgets
• define a canvas section in which you can add Graphics instructions that define how the widget is
rendered.
The first block inside the <PongGame> rule we have is a canvas block:
161
1 <PongGame>:
2 canvas:
3 Rectangle:
So this canvas block says that the PongGame widget should draw some graphics primitives. In this
case, we add a rectangle to the canvas. We set the pos of the rectangle to be 5 pixels left of the horizontal
center of the widget, and 0 for y. The size of the rectangle is set to 10 pixels in width, and the widget’s
height in height. The nice thing about defining the graphics like this, is that the rendered rectangle will
be automatically updated when the properties of any widgets used in the value expression change.
Note: Try to resize the application window and notice what happens. That’s right, the entire UI resizes
automatically. The standard behaviour of the Window is to resize an element based on its property
size_hint. The default widget size_hint is (1,1), meaning it will be stretched 100% in both x-direction
and y-direction and hence fill the available space. Since the pos and size of the rectangle and center_x
and top of the score labels were defined within the context of the PongGame class, these properties will
automatically update when the corresponding widget properties change. Using the Kv language gives
you automatic property binding. :)
The last two sections we add look pretty similar. Each of them adds a Label widget as a child widget
to the PongGame widget. For now, the text on both of them is just set to “0”. We’ll hook that up to the
actual score once we have the logic implemented, but the labels already look good since we set a bigger
font_size, and positioned them relatively to the root widget. The root keyword can be used inside the
child block to refer back to the parent/root widget the rule applies to (PongGame in this case):
1 <PongGame>:
2 # ...
3
4 Label:
5 font_size: 70
8 text: "0"
9
10 Label:
11 font_size: 70
14 text: "0"
28.4 Add the Ball
Add the Ball

Ok, so we have a basic pong arena to play in, but we still need the players and a ball to hit around. Let’s
start with the ball. We’ll add a new PongBall class to create a widget that will be our ball and make it
bounce around.
162
28.4.1 PongBall Class
Here is the Python code for the PongBall class:
1 class PongBall(Widget):
2
3 # velocity of the ball on x and y axis

4 velocity_x = NumericProperty(0)
5 velocity_y = NumericProperty(0)
6
7 # referencelist property so we can use ball.velocity as

8 # a shorthand, just like e.g. w.pos for w.x and w.y
9 velocity = ReferenceListProperty(velocity_x, velocity_y)
10
11 # ``move`` function will move the ball one step. This

12 # will be called in equal intervals to animate the ball
13 def move(self):
14 self.pos = Vector(*self.velocity) + self.pos
And here is the kv rule used to draw the ball as a white circle:
1 <PongBall>:
2 size: 50, 50
3 canvas:
4 Ellipse:
5 pos: self.pos
6 size: self.size
To make it all work, you also have to add the imports for the Properties Property classes used and the
Vector.
Here is the entire updated python code and kv file for this step:
main.py:

3 from kivy.properties import NumericProperty, ReferenceListProperty
4 from kivy.vector import Vector
5
11
12 def move(self):
14
15
17 pass
18
19
21 def build(self):
163
22 return PongGame()
23
24
25 if __name__ == '__main__':
26 PongApp().run()
pong.kv:
1 #:kivy 1.0.9
2
3 <PongBall>:
4 size: 50, 50
5 canvas:
6 Ellipse:
7 pos: self.pos
8 size: self.size
9
10 <PongGame>:
11 canvas:
12 Rectangle:
15
16 Label:
17 font_size: 70
20 text: "0"
21
22 Label:
23 font_size: 70
26 text: "0"
27
28 PongBall:
29 center: self.parent.center
30
Note that not only a <PongBall> widget rule has been added, but also a child widget PongBall in the
<PongGame> widget rule.
164
28.5 Adding Ball Animation
Making the ball move

Cool, so now we have a ball, and it even has a move function. . . but it’s not moving yet. Let’s fix that.
28.5.1 Scheduling Functions on the Clock
We need the move method of our ball to be called regularly. Luckily, Kivy makes this pretty easy by
letting us schedule any function we want using the Clock and specifying the interval:
Clock.schedule_interval(game.update, 1.0/60.0)
This line for example, would cause the update function of the game object to be called once every 60th
of a second (60 times per second).
28.5.2 Object Properties/References
We have another problem though. We’d like to make sure the PongBall has its move function called
regularly, but in our code we don’t have any references to the ball object since we just added it via the
kv file inside the kv rule for the PongGame class. The only reference to our game is the one we return
in the applications build method.
Since we’re going to have to do more than just move the ball (e.g. bounce it off the walls and later the
players racket), we’ll probably need an update method for our PongGame class anyway. Furthermore,
given that we have a reference to the game object already, we can easily schedule its new update
method when the application gets built:
2
3 def update(self, dt):

4 # call ball.move and other stuff
5 pass
6
8
9 def build(self):
10 game = PongGame()
11 Clock.schedule_interval(game.update, 1.0/60.0)
12 return game
However, that still doesn’t change the fact that we don’t have a reference to the PongBall child widget
created by the kv rule. To fix this, we can add an ObjectProperty to the PongGame class, and hook
it up to the widget created in the kv rule. Once that’s done, we can easily reference the ball property
inside the update method and even make it bounce off the edges:
2 ball = ObjectProperty(None)
3

5 self.ball.move()
6
7 # bounce off top and bottom

8 if (self.ball.y < 0) or (self.ball.top > self.height):
165
9 self.ball.velocity_y *= -1
10
11 # bounce off left and right

12 if (self.ball.x < 0) or (self.ball.right > self.width):
13 self.ball.velocity_x *= -1
Don’t forget to hook it up in the kv file, by giving the child widget an id and setting the PongGame’s
ball ObjectProperty to that id:
1 <PongGame>:
2 ball: pong_ball
3
4 # ... (canvas and Labels)

5
6 PongBall:
7 id: pong_ball
Note: At this point everything is hooked up for the ball to bounce around. If you’re coding along as we
go, you might be wondering why the ball isn’t moving anywhere. The ball’s velocity is set to 0 on both
x and y. In the code listing below, a serve_ball method is added to the PongGame class and called in
the app’s build method. It sets a random x and y velocity for the ball, and also resets the position, so
we can use it later to reset the ball when a player has scored a point.
Here is the entire code for this step:

main.py:

3 from kivy.properties import (
4 NumericProperty, ReferenceListProperty, ObjectProperty
5 )
7 from kivy.clock import Clock
8 from random import randint
9
10
15
16 def move(self):
18
19
22
23 def serve_ball(self):
24 self.ball.center = self.center
25 self.ball.velocity = Vector(4, 0).rotate(randint(0, 360))
166
26

28 self.ball.move()
29
30 # bounce off top and bottom

31 if (self.ball.y < 0) or (self.ball.top > self.height):
33
34 # bounce off left and right

35 if (self.ball.x < 0) or (self.ball.right > self.width):
36 self.ball.velocity_x *= -1
37
38
40 def build(self):
42 game.serve_ball()
43 Clock.schedule_interval(game.update, 1.0 / 60.0)
44 return game
45
46
47 if __name__ == '__main__':
48 PongApp().run()
pong.kv:
1 #:kivy 1.0.9
2
3 <PongBall>:
4 size: 50, 50
5 canvas:
6 Ellipse:
7 pos: self.pos
8 size: self.size
9
10 <PongGame>:
11 ball: pong_ball
12
13 canvas:
14 Rectangle:
17
18 Label:
19 font_size: 70
22 text: "0"
23
24 Label:
25 font_size: 70
167
28 text: "0"
29
30 PongBall:
31 id: pong_ball
33
28.6 Connect Input Events
Adding Players and reacting to touch input

Sweet, our ball is bouncing around. The only things missing now are the movable player rackets and
keeping track of the score. We won’t go over all the details of creating the class and kv rules again, since
those concepts were already covered in the previous steps. Instead, let’s focus on how to move the
Player widgets in response to user input. You can get the whole code and kv rules for the PongPaddle
class at the end of this section.
In Kivy, a widget can react to input by implementing the on_touch_down, the on_touch_move and
the on_touch_up methods. By default, the Widget class implements these methods by just calling the
corresponding method on all its child widgets to pass on the event until one of the children returns
True.
Pong is pretty simple. The rackets just need to move up and down. In fact it’s so simple, we don’t
even really need to have the player widgets handle the events themselves. We’ll just implement the
on_touch_move function for the PongGame class and have it set the position of the left or right player
based on whether the touch occurred on the left or right side of the screen.
Check the on_touch_move handler:
1 def on_touch_move(self, touch):

2 if touch.x < self.width/3:
3 self.player1.center_y = touch.y
4 if touch.x > self.width - self.width/3:
We’ll keep the score for each player in a NumericProperty. The score labels of the PongGame are kept
updated by changing the NumericProperty score, which in turn updates the PongGame child labels
text property. This binding occurs because Kivy properties automatically bind to any references in
their corresponding kv files. When the ball escapes out of the sides, we’ll update the score and serve
the ball again by changing the update method in the PongGame class. The PongPaddle class also
implements a bounce_ball method, so that the ball bounces differently based on where it hits the
racket. Here is the code for the PongPaddle class:
1 class PongPaddle(Widget):
2
3 score = NumericProperty(0)
4
5 def bounce_ball(self, ball):

6 if self.collide_widget(ball):
7 speedup = 1.1
8 offset = 0.02 * Vector(0, ball.center_y-self.center_y)
9 ball.velocity = speedup * (offset - ball.velocity)
168
Note: This algorithm for ball bouncing is very simple, but will have strange behavior if the ball hits
the paddle from the side or bottom. . . this is something you could try to fix yourself if you like.
And here it is in context. Pretty much done:

main.py:

3 from kivy.properties import (
4 NumericProperty, ReferenceListProperty, ObjectProperty
5 )
7 from kivy.clock import Clock
8
10 class PongPaddle(Widget):
11 score = NumericProperty(0)
12
13 def bounce_ball(self, ball):

14 if self.collide_widget(ball):
15 vx, vy = ball.velocity
16 offset = (ball.center_y - self.center_y) / (self.height /
,→ 2)
17 bounced = Vector(-1 * vx, vy)
18 vel = bounced * 1.1
19 ball.velocity = vel.x, vel.y + offset
20
21
26
27 def move(self):
29
30
33 player1 = ObjectProperty(None)
34 player2 = ObjectProperty(None)
35
36 def serve_ball(self, vel=(4, 0)):

37 self.ball.center = self.center
38 self.ball.velocity = vel
39

41 self.ball.move()
42
43 # bounce of paddles
44 self.player1.bounce_ball(self.ball)
45 self.player2.bounce_ball(self.ball)
46
169
47 # bounce ball off bottom or top
48 if (self.ball.y < self.y) or (self.ball.top > self.top):
50
51 # went of to a side to score point?

52 if self.ball.x < self.x:
53 self.player2.score += 1
54 self.serve_ball(vel=(4, 0))
55 if self.ball.right > self.width:
56 self.player1.score += 1
57 self.serve_ball(vel=(-4, 0))
58

60 if touch.x < self.width / 3:
62 if touch.x > self.width - self.width / 3:
64
65
67 def build(self):
69 game.serve_ball()
70 Clock.schedule_interval(game.update, 1.0 / 60.0)
71 return game
72
73
74 if __name__ == '__main__':
75 PongApp().run()
pong.kv:
1 #:kivy 1.0.9
2
3 <PongBall>:
4 size: 50, 50
5 canvas:
6 Ellipse:
7 pos: self.pos
8 size: self.size
9
10 <PongPaddle>:
11 size: 25, 200
12 canvas:
13 Rectangle:
14 pos: self.pos
15 size: self.size
16
17 <PongGame>:
18 ball: pong_ball
19 player1: player_left
20 player2: player_right
21
170
22 canvas:
23 Rectangle:
26
27 Label:
28 font_size: 70
31 text: str(root.player1.score)
32
33 Label:
34 font_size: 70
37 text: str(root.player2.score)
38
39 PongBall:
40 id: pong_ball
42
43 PongPaddle:
44 id: player_left
45 x: root.x
46 center_y: root.center_y
47
48 PongPaddle:
49 id: player_right
50 x: root.width - self.width
51 center_y: root.center_y
52
28.7 Where To Go Now?
Have some fun

Well, the pong game is pretty much complete. If you understood all of the things that are covered in
this tutorial, give yourself a pat on the back and think about how you could improve the game. Here
are a few ideas of things you could do:
• Add some nicer graphics / images. (Hint: check out the source property on the graphics in-
structions like circle or Rectangle, to set an image as the texture.)
• Make the game end after a certain score. Maybe once a player has 10 points, you can display
a large “PLAYER 1 WINS” label and/or add a main menu to start, pause and reset the game.
(Hint: check out the Button and Label classes, and figure out how to use their add_widget and
remove_widget functions to add or remove widgets dynamically.
• Make it a 4 player Pong Game. Most tablets have Multi-Touch support, so wouldn’t it be cool to
have a player on each side and have four people play at the same time?
• Fix the simplistic collision check so hitting the ball with an end of the paddle results in a more
realistic bounce.
171
Note: You can find the entire source code and source code files for each step in the Kivy examples
directory under tutorials/pong/
172
CHAPTER
TWENTYNINE
A SIMPLE PAINT APP
In the following tutorial, you will be guided through the creation of your first widget. This provides
powerful and important knowledge when programming Kivy applications, as it lets you create com-
pletely new user interfaces with custom elements for your specific purpose.
29.1 Basic Considerations
When creating an application, you have to ask yourself three important questions:
• What data does my application process?
• How do I visually represent that data?
• How does the user interact with that data?
If you want to write a very simple line drawing application for example, you most likely want the user
to just draw on the screen with his/her fingers. That’s how the user interacts with your application.
While doing so, your application would memorize the positions where the user’s finger were, so that
you can later draw lines between those positions. So the points where the fingers were would be your
data and the lines that you draw between them would be your visual representation.
In Kivy, an application’s user interface is composed of Widgets. Everything that you see on the screen is
somehow drawn by a widget. Often you would like to be able to reuse code that you already wrote in a
different context, which is why widgets typically represent one specific instance that answers the three
questions above. A widget encapsulates data, defines the user’s interaction with that data and draws
its visual representation. You can build anything from simple to complex user interfaces by nesting
widgets. There are many widgets built in, such as buttons, sliders and other common stuff. In many
cases, however, you need a custom widget that is beyond the scope of what is shipped with Kivy (e.g.
a medical visualization widget).
So keep these three questions in mind when you design your widgets. Try to write them in a minimal
and reusable manner (i.e. a widget does exactly what its supposed to do and nothing more. If you need
more, write more widgets or compose other widgets of smaller widgets. We try to adhere to the Single
Responsibility Principle).
173
29.2 Paint Widget
We’re sure one of your childhood dreams has always been creating your own multitouch paint program.
Allow us to help you achieve that. In the following sections you will successively learn how to write a
program like that using Kivy. Make sure that you have read and understood Create an application. You
have? Great! Let’s get started!
29.2.1 Initial Structure
Let’s start by writing the very basic code structure that we need. By the way, all the different pieces of
code that are used in this section are also available in the examples/guide/firstwidget directory
that comes with Kivy, so you don’t need to copy & paste it all the time. Here is the basic code skeleton
that we will need:

3
5 class MyPaintWidget(Widget):
6 pass
7
9 class MyPaintApp(App):
10 def build(self):
11 return MyPaintWidget()
12
13
14 if __name__ == '__main__':
15 MyPaintApp().run()
This is actually really simple. Save it as paint.py. If you run it, you should only see a black screen. As
you can see, instead of using a built-in widget such as a Button (see Create an application), we are going to
write our own widget to do the drawing. We do that by creating a class that inherits from Widget (line
5-6) and although that class does nothing yet, we can still treat it like a normal Kivy widget (line 11).
The if __name__ ... construct (line 14) is a Python mechanism that prevents you from executing
the code in the if-statement when importing from the file, i.e. if you write import paint, it won’t do
something unexpected but just nicely provide the classes defined in the file.
Note: You may be wondering why you have to import App and Widget separately, instead of doing
something like from kivy import *. While shorter, this would have the disadvantage of polluting
your namespace and make the start of the application potentially much slower. It can also introduce
ambiguity into class and variable naming, so is generally frowned upon in the Python community. The
way we do it is faster and cleaner.
174
29.2.2 Adding Behaviour
Let’s now add some actual behaviour to the widget, i.e. make it react to user input. Change the code
like so:

3
7 print(touch)
8
11 def build(self):
13
14
15 if __name__ == '__main__':
This is just to show how easy it is to react to user input. When a MotionEvent (i.e. a touch, click, etc.)
occurs, we simply print the information about the touch object to the console. You won’t see anything
on the screen, but if you observe the command-line from which you are running the program, you will
see a message for every touch. This also demonstrates that a widget does not have to have a visual
representation.
Now that’s not really an overwhelming user experience. Let’s add some code that actually draws some-
thing into our window:

3 from kivy.graphics import Color, Ellipse
4
7

9 with self.canvas:
10 Color(1, 1, 0)
11 d = 30.
12 Ellipse(pos=(touch.x - d / 2, touch.y - d / 2), size=(d, d))
13
14
16
17 def build(self):
19
20
21 if __name__ == '__main__':
175
If you run your code with these modifications, you will see that every time you touch, there will be a
small yellow circle drawn where you touched. How does it work?
• Line 9: We use Python’s with statement with the widget’s Canvas object. This is like an area in
which the widget can draw things to represent itself on the screen. By using the with statement
with it, all successive drawing commands that are properly indented will modify this canvas. The
with statement also makes sure that after our drawing, internal state can be cleaned up properly.
• Line 10: You might have guessed it already: This sets the Color for successive drawing operations
to yellow (default color format is RGB, so (1, 1, 0) is yellow). This is true until another Color is
set. Think of this as dipping your brushes in that color, which you can then use to draw on a
canvas until you dip the brushes into another color.
• Line 11: We specify the diameter for the circle that we are about to draw. Using a variable for
that is preferable since we need to refer to that value multiple times and we don’t want to have to
change it in several places if we want the circle bigger or smaller.
• Line 12: To draw a circle, we simply draw an Ellipse with equal width and height. Since we
want the circle to be drawn where the user touches, we pass the touch’s position to the ellipse.
Note that we need to shift the ellipse by -d/2 in the x and y directions (i.e. left and downwards)
because the position specifies the bottom left corner of the ellipse’s bounding box, and we want it
to be centered around our touch.
That was easy, wasn’t it? It gets better! Update the code to look like this:

3 from kivy.graphics import Color, Ellipse, Line
4
7

9 with self.canvas:
10 Color(1, 1, 0)
11 d = 30.
13 touch.ud['line'] = Line(points=(touch.x, touch.y))
176
14

16 touch.ud['line'].points += [touch.x, touch.y]
17
18
20
21 def build(self):
23
24
25 if __name__ == '__main__':
This is what has changed:

• Line 3: We now not only import the Ellipse drawing instruction, but also the Line draw-
ing instruction. If you look at the documentation for Line, you will see that it accepts a
points argument that has to be a list of 2D point coordinates, like (x1, y1, x2, y2,
..., xN, yN).
• Line 13: This is where it gets interesting. touch.ud is a Python dictionary (type <dict>) that
allows us to store custom attributes for a touch.
• Line 13: We make use of the Line instruction that we imported and set a Line up for drawing.
Since this is done in on_touch_down, there will be a new line for every new touch. By
creating the line inside the with block, the canvas automatically knows about the line and
will draw it. We just want to modify the line later, so we store a reference to it in the touch.
ud dictionary under the arbitrarily chosen but aptly named key ‘line’. We pass the line that
we’re creating the initial touch position because that’s where our line will begin.
• Lines 15: We add a new method to our widget. This is similar to the on_touch_down
method, but instead of being called when a new touch occurs, this method is being called
when an existing touch (for which on_touch_down was already called) moves, i.e. its posi-
tion changes. Note that this is the same MotionEvent object with updated attributes. This
is something we found incredibly handy and you will shortly see why.
• Line 16: Remember: This is the same touch object that we got in on_touch_down, so we can
177
simply access the data we stored away in the touch.ud dictionary! To the line we set up for
this touch earlier, we now add the current position of the touch as a new point. We know that
we need to extend the line because this happens in on_touch_move, which is only called
when the touch has moved, which is exactly why we want to update the line. Storing the line
in the touch.ud makes it a whole lot easier for us as we don’t have to maintain our own
touch-to-line bookkeeping.
So far so good. This isn’t exactly beautiful yet, though. It looks a bit like spaghetti bolognese. How
about giving each touch its own color? Great, let’s do it:
1 from random import random

5
8

10 color = (random(), random(), random())
11 with self.canvas:
12 Color(*color)
13 d = 30.
16

19
20
22
23 def build(self):
25
26
27 if __name__ == '__main__':
178
Here are the changes:
• Line 1: We import Python’s random() function that will give us random values in the range of [0.,
1.).
• Line 10: In this case we simply create a new tuple of 3 random float values that will represent a
random RGB color. Since we do this in on_touch_down, every new touch will get its own color.
Don’t get confused by the use of tuples. We’re just binding the tuple to color for use as a shortcut
within this method because we’re lazy.
• Line 12: As before, we set the color for the canvas. Only this time we use the random values
we generated and feed them to the color class using Python’s tuple unpacking syntax (since the
Color class expects three individual color components instead of just 1. If we were to pass the
tuple directly, that would be just 1 value being passed, regardless of the fact that the tuple itself
contains 3 values).
This looks a lot nicer already! With a lot of skill and patience, you might even be able to create a nice
little drawing!
Note: Since by default the Color instructions assume RGB mode and we’re feeding a tuple with three
random float values to it, it might very well happen that we end up with a lot of dark or even black
colors if we are unlucky. That would be bad because by default the background color is dark as well, so
you wouldn’t be able to (easily) see the lines you draw. There is a nice trick to prevent this: Instead of
creating a tuple with three random values, create a tuple like this: (random(), 1., 1.). Then, when
passing it to the color instruction, set the mode to HSV color space: Color(*color, mode='hsv').
This way you will have a smaller number of possible colors, but the colors that you get will always be
equally bright: only the hue changes.
179
29.2.3 Bonus Points
At this point, we could say we are done. The widget does what it’s supposed to do: it traces the touches
and draws lines. It even draws circles at the positions where a line begins.
But what if the user wants to start a new drawing? With the current code, the only way to clear the
window would be to restart the entire application. Luckily, we can do better. Let us add a Clear button
that erases all the lines and circles that have been drawn so far. There are two options now:
• We could either create the button as a child of our widget. That would imply that if you create
more than one widget, every widget gets its own button. If you’re not careful, this will also allow
users to draw on top of the button, which might not be what you want.
• Or we set up the button only once, initially, in our app class and when it’s pressed we clear the
widget.
For our simple example, it doesn’t really matter that much. For larger applications you should give
some thought to who does what in your app. We’ll go with the second option here so that you see how
you can build up your application’s widget tree in your app class’s build() method. We’ll also change
to the HSV color space (see preceding note):
1 from random import random

4 from kivy.uix.button import Button
6
9

11 color = (random(), 1, 1)
12 with self.canvas:
13 Color(*color, mode='hsv')
14 d = 30.
17

20
21
23
24 def build(self):
25 parent = Widget()
26 self.painter = MyPaintWidget()
27 clearbtn = Button(text='Clear')
28 clearbtn.bind(on_release=self.clear_canvas)
29 parent.add_widget(self.painter)
30 parent.add_widget(clearbtn)
31 return parent
32
33 def clear_canvas(self, obj):

34 self.painter.canvas.clear()
35
36
180
37 if __name__ == '__main__':
Here’s what happens:

• Line 4: We added an import statement to be able to use the Button class.
• Line 25: We create a dummy Widget() object as a parent for both our painting widget and the
button we’re about to add. This is just a poor-man’s approach to setting up a widget tree hierarchy.
We could just as well use a layout or do some other fancy stuff. Again: this widget does absolutely
nothing except holding the two widgets we will now add to it as children.
• Line 26: We create our MyPaintWidget() as usual, only this time we don’t return it directly but
bind it to a variable name.
• Line 27: We create a button widget. It will have a label on it that displays the text ‘Clear’.
• Line 28: We then bind the button’s on_release event (which is fired when the button is pressed
and then released) to the callback function clear_canvas defined on below on Lines 33 & 34.
• Line 29 & 30: We set up the widget hierarchy by making both the painter and the clearbtn chil-
dren of the dummy parent widget. That means painter and clearbtn are now siblings in the usual
computer science tree terminology.
• Line 33 & 34: Up to now, the button did nothing. It was there, visible, and you could press it,
but nothing would happen. We change that here: we create a small, throw-away function that is
going to be our callback function when the button is pressed. The function just clears the painter’s
canvas’ contents, making it black again.
Note: The Kivy Widget class, by design, is kept simple. There are no general properties such as back-
ground color and border color. Instead, the examples and documentation illustrate how to easily handle
such simple things yourself, as we have done here, setting the color for the canvas, and drawing the
shape. From a simple start, you can move to more elaborate customization. Higher-level built-in wid-
gets, deriving from Widget, such as Button, do have convenience properties such as background_color,
but these vary by widget. Use the API docs to see what is offered by a widget, and subclass if you need
to add more functionality.
Congratulations! You’ve written your first Kivy widget. Obviously this was just a quick introduction.
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There is much more to discover. We suggest taking a short break to let what you just learned sink in.
Maybe draw some nice pictures to relax? If you feel like you’ve understood everything and are ready
for more, we encourage you to read on.
182
CHAPTER
THIRTY
CRASH COURSE
The Kivy Crash Course is a series of YouTube video tutorials by Kivy core developer inclement. They
provide a simple walkthrough in Kivy for users who know how to code in Python and is friendly
to Python beginners. After the Pong and Paint tutorials, this set of videos covers basic features and
techniques that can be used to create your app quicker, keeping your code elegant and eye-friendly.
30.1 Basic Info
The Crash Course primarily consists of a series of YouTube videos, each roughly 10 minutes long. There
are also articles describing some of the videos and the code used in the videos.
30.1.1 Topics covered by the Crash Course include:
• Use of the basic Kivy widgets such as the Label, Button, Scatter and TextInput
• Building an app for android with python-for-android’s old toolchain
• Binding functions to events
• Using changes in variables on the go
• Smart user interface (Kv language)
• Properties
• Canvas and drawing
• Label with scrolling
• Positioning and layouts
• Animation and Clock
• Accessing android API (pyjnius, plyer)
• Settings panel (and building your own options)
• ScreenManager
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30.1.2 Links:
• Videos
• Articles
• Code
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Part V
API REFERENCE
The API reference is a lexicographic list of all the different classes, methods and features that Kivy
offers.
185
186
CHAPTER
THIRTYONE
KIVY FRAMEWORK
Kivy is an open source library for developing multi-touch applications. It is cross-platform

(Linux/OSX/Windows/Android/iOS) and released under the terms of the MIT License.
It comes with native support for many multi-touch input devices, a growing library of multi-touch
aware widgets and hardware accelerated OpenGL drawing. Kivy is designed to let you focus on build-
ing custom and highly interactive applications as quickly and easily as possible.
With Kivy, you can take full advantage of the dynamic nature of Python. There are thousands of high-
quality, free libraries that can be integrated in your application. At the same time, performance-critical
parts are implemented using Cython.
See http://kivy.org for more information.
kivy.kivy_base_dir = '/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/
kivy/envs/master/lib/python3.7/site-packages/kivy'
Kivy directory
kivy.kivy_config_fn = ''
Kivy configuration filename
kivy.kivy_configure()
Call post-configuration of Kivy. This function must be called if you create the window yourself.
kivy.kivy_data_dir = '/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/
kivy/envs/master/lib/python3.7/site-packages/kivy/data'
Kivy data directory
kivy.kivy_examples_dir = '/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/
kivy/envs/master/share/kivy-examples'
Kivy examples directory
kivy.kivy_home_dir = ''
Kivy user-home storage directory
kivy.kivy_icons_dir = '/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/
kivy/envs/master/lib/python3.7/site-packages/kivy/data/icons/'
Kivy icons config path (don’t remove the last ‘’)
kivy.kivy_options = {'audio': ('gstplayer', 'pygame', 'ffpyplayer',
'sdl2', 'avplayer'), 'camera': ('opencv', 'gi', 'avfoundation', 'android',
'picamera'), 'clipboard': ('android', 'winctypes', 'xsel', 'xclip',
'dbusklipper', 'nspaste', 'sdl2', 'pygame', 'dummy', 'gtk3'), 'image':
('tex', 'imageio', 'dds', 'sdl2', 'pygame', 'pil', 'ffpy', 'gif'),
'spelling': ('enchant', 'osxappkit'), 'text': ('pil', 'sdl2', 'pygame',
'sdlttf'), 'video': ('gstplayer', 'ffmpeg', 'ffpyplayer', 'null'),
'window': ('egl_rpi', 'sdl2', 'pygame', 'sdl', 'x11')}
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Global settings options for kivy
kivy.kivy_register_post_configuration(callback)
Register a function to be called when kivy_configure() is called.
Warning: Internal use only.
kivy.kivy_shader_dir = '/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/
kivy/envs/master/lib/python3.7/site-packages/kivy/data/glsl'
Kivy glsl shader directory
kivy.kivy_usermodules_dir = ''
Kivy user modules directory
kivy.parse_kivy_version(version)
Parses the kivy version as described in require() into a 3-tuple of ([x, y, z], ‘rc|a|b|dev|post’,
‘N’) where N is the tag revision. The last two elements may be None.
kivy.require(version)
Require can be used to check the minimum version required to run a Kivy application. For exam-
ple, you can start your application code like this:
import kivy
If a user attempts to run your application with a version of Kivy that is older than the specified
version, an Exception is raised.
The Kivy version string is built like this:
X.Y.Z[tag[tagrevision]]
X is the major version

Y is the minor version
Z is the bugfixes revision
The tag is optional, but may be one of ‘.dev’, ‘.post’, ‘a’, ‘b’, or ‘rc’. The tagrevision is the revision
number of the tag.
Warning: You must not ask for a version with a tag, except -dev. Asking for a ‘dev’ version
will just warn the user if the current Kivy version is not a -dev, but it will never raise an
exception. You must not ask for a version with a tagrevision.
31.1 NO DOCUMENTATION (module kivy.uix.recycleview)
31.2 Animation
Animation and AnimationTransition are used to animate Widget properties. You must specify
at least a property name and target value. To use an Animation, follow these steps:
• Setup an Animation object
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• Use the Animation object on a Widget
31.2.1 Simple animation
To animate a Widget’s x or y position, simply specify the target x/y values where you want the widget
positioned at the end of the animation:
anim = Animation(x=100, y=100)

anim.start(widget)
The animation will last for 1 second unless duration is specified. When anim.start() is called, the
Widget will move smoothly from the current x/y position to (100, 100).
31.2.2 Multiple properties and transitions
You can animate multiple properties and use built-in or custom transition functions using transition
(or the t= shortcut). For example, to animate the position and size using the ‘in_quad’ transition:
anim = Animation(x=50, size=(80, 80), t='in_quad')

anim.start(widget)
Note that the t= parameter can be the string name of a method in the AnimationTransition class or
your own animation function.
31.2.3 Sequential animation
To join animations sequentially, use the ‘+’ operator. The following example will animate to x=50 over
1 second, then animate the size to (80, 80) over the next two seconds:
anim = Animation(x=50) + Animation(size=(80, 80), duration=2.)

anim.start(widget)
31.2.4 Parallel animation
To join animations in parallel, use the ‘&’ operator. The following example will animate the position to
(80, 10) over 1 second, whilst in parallel animating the size to (800, 800):
anim = Animation(pos=(80, 10))

anim &= Animation(size=(800, 800), duration=2.)
anim.start(widget)
Keep in mind that creating overlapping animations on the same property may have unexpected results.
If you want to apply multiple animations to the same property, you should either schedule them se-
quentially (via the ‘+’ operator or using the on_complete callback) or cancel previous animations using
the cancel_all method.
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31.2.5 Repeating animation
Note: This is currently only implemented for ‘Sequence’ animations.
To set an animation to repeat, simply set the Sequence.repeat property to True:
anim = Animation(...) + Animation(...)

anim.repeat = True
anim.start(widget)
For flow control of animations such as stopping and cancelling, use the methods already in place in the
animation module.
class kivy.animation.Animation(**kw)
Bases: kivy.event.EventDispatcher
Create an animation definition that can be used to animate a Widget.
Parameters
duration or d: float, defaults to 1. Duration of the animation, in seconds.
transition or t: str or func Transition function for animate properties. It can be the
name of a method from AnimationTransition.
step or s: float Step in milliseconds of the animation. Defaults to 0, which means
the animation is updated for every frame.
To update the animation less often, set the step value to a float. For example, if
you want to animate at 30 FPS, use s=1/30.
Events
on_start: animation, widget Fired when the animation is started on a widget.
on_complete: animation, widget Fired when the animation is completed or
stopped on a widget.
on_progress: animation, widget, progression Fired when the progression of the
animation is changing.
Changed in version 1.4.0: Added s/step parameter.
Changed in version 1.10.0: The default value of the step parameter was changed from 1/60. to 0.
property animated_properties
Return the properties used to animate.
cancel(widget)
Cancel the animation previously applied to a widget. Same effect as stop, except the
on_complete event will not be triggered!
static cancel_all(widget, *largs)
Cancel all animations that concern a specific widget / list of properties. See cancel.
Example:
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anim = Animation(x=50)
anim.start(widget)
# and later
Animation.cancel_all(widget, 'x')

Changed in version 2.1.0: If the parameter widget is None, all animated widgets will be the
target and cancelled. If largs is also given, animation of these properties will be canceled
for all animated widgets.
cancel_property(widget, prop)
Even if an animation is running, remove a property. It will not be animated further. If it was
the only/last property being animated, the animation will be canceled (see cancel)
property duration
Return the duration of the animation.
have_properties_to_animate(widget)
Return True if a widget still has properties to animate.
start(widget)
Start the animation on a widget.
stop(widget)
Stop the animation previously applied to a widget, triggering the on_complete event.
static stop_all(widget, *largs)
Stop all animations that concern a specific widget / list of properties.
Example:
anim = Animation(x=50)
anim.start(widget)
# and later
Animation.stop_all(widget, 'x')
stop_property(widget, prop)
Even if an animation is running, remove a property. It will not be animated further. If it was
the only/last property being animated, the animation will be stopped (see stop).
property transition
Return the transition of the animation.
class kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
Bases: builtins.object
Collection of animation functions to be used with the Animation object. Easing Functions ported
to Kivy from the Clutter Project https://developer.gnome.org/clutter/stable/ClutterAlpha.html
The progress parameter in each animation function is in the range 0-1.
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static in_back(progress)
static in_bounce(progress)
static in_circ(progress)
static in_cubic(progress)
static in_elastic(progress)
static in_expo(progress)
192
static in_out_back(progress)
static in_out_bounce(progress)
static in_out_circ(progress)
static in_out_cubic(progress)
static in_out_elastic(progress)
static in_out_expo(progress)
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static in_out_quad(progress)
static in_out_quart(progress)
static in_out_quint(progress)
static in_out_sine(progress)
static in_quad(progress)
static in_quart(progress)
194
static in_quint(progress)
static in_sine(progress)
static linear(progress)
static out_back(progress)
static out_bounce(progress)
static out_circ(progress)
195
static out_cubic(progress)
static out_elastic(progress)
static out_expo(progress)
static out_quad(progress)
static out_quart(progress)
static out_quint(progress)
196
static out_sine(progress)
31.3 Application
The App class is the base for creating Kivy applications. Think of it as your main entry point into the
Kivy run loop. In most cases, you subclass this class and make your own app. You create an instance of
your specific app class and then, when you are ready to start the application’s life cycle, you call your
instance’s App.run() method.
31.3.1 Creating an Application
Method using build() override
To initialize your app with a widget tree, override the build() method in your app class and return
the widget tree you constructed.
Here’s an example of a very simple application that just shows a button:
'''
Application example using build() + return
==========================================
An application can be built if you return a widget on build(), or if you

,→set
self.root.
'''
import kivy

class TestApp(App):
def build(self):
# return a Button() as a root widget
return Button(text='hello world')
if __name__ == '__main__':
TestApp().run()
The file is also available in the examples folder at kivy/examples/application/

app_with_build.py.
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Here, no widget tree was constructed (or if you will, a tree with only the root node).
Method using kv file
You can also use the Kivy Language for creating applications. The .kv can contain rules and root widget
definitions at the same time. Here is the same example as the Button one in a kv file.
Contents of ‘test.kv’:
#:kivy 1.0
Button:
text: 'Hello from test.kv'
Contents of ‘main.py’:
'''
Application built from a .kv file
==================================
This shows how to implicitly use a .kv file for your application. You
should see a full screen button labelled "Hello from test.kv".
After Kivy instantiates a subclass of App, it implicitly searches for a .kv

file. The file test.kv is selected because the name of the subclass of App
,→is
TestApp, which implies that kivy should try to load "test.kv". That file
contains a root Widget.
'''
import kivy
class TestApp(App):
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
TestApp().run()
See kivy/examples/application/app_with_kv.py.
The relationship between main.py and test.kv is explained in App.load_kv().
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31.3.2 Application configuration
Use the configuration file
Your application might need its own configuration file. The App class handles ‘ini’ files automatically
if you add the section key-value pair to the App.build_config() method using the config parameter
(an instance of ConfigParser):
class TestApp(App):
def build_config(self, config):
config.setdefaults('section1', {
'key1': 'value1',
'key2': '42'
})
As soon as you add one section to the config, a file is created on the disk (see
get_application_config for its location) and named based your class name. “TestApp”
will give a config file named “test.ini” with the content:
[section1]
key1 = value1
key2 = 42
The “test.ini” will be automatically loaded at runtime and you can access the configuration in your
App.build() method:
class TestApp(App):
def build_config(self, config):
config.setdefaults('section1', {
'key1': 'value1',
'key2': '42'
})
def build(self):
config = self.config
return Label(text='key1 is %s and key2 is %d' % (
config.get('section1', 'key1'),
config.getint('section1', 'key2')))
199
Create a settings panel
Your application can have a settings panel to let your user configure some of your config tokens. Here
is an example done in the KinectViewer example (available in the examples directory):
You can add your own panels of settings by extending the App.build_settings() method. Check
the Settings about how to create a panel, because you need a JSON file / data first.
Let’s take as an example the previous snippet of TestApp with custom config. We could create a JSON
like this:
[
{ "type": "title",
"title": "Test application" },
{ "type": "options",
"title": "My first key",
"desc": "Description of my first key",
"section": "section1",
"key": "key1",
"options": ["value1", "value2", "another value"] },
{ "type": "numeric",
"title": "My second key",
"desc": "Description of my second key",
"section": "section1",
"key": "key2" }
]
Then, we can create a panel using this JSON to automatically create all the options and link them to our
App.config ConfigParser instance:
class TestApp(App):
# ...
def build_settings(self, settings):
jsondata = """... put the json data here ..."""
settings.add_json_panel('Test application',
self.config, data=jsondata)
That’s all! Now you can press F1 (default keystroke) to toggle the settings panel or press the “set-
tings” key on your android device. You can manually call App.open_settings() and App.
close_settings() if you want to handle this manually. Every change in the panel is automatically
saved in the config file.
200
You can also use App.build_settings() to modify properties of the settings panel. For instance,
the default panel has a sidebar for switching between json panels whose width defaults to 200dp. If
you’d prefer this to be narrower, you could add:
settings.interface.menu.width = dp(100)
to your build_settings() method.

You might want to know when a config value has been changed by the user in order to adapt or reload
your UI. You can then overload the on_config_change() method:
class TestApp(App):
# ...
def on_config_change(self, config, section, key, value):
if config is self.config:
token = (section, key)
if token == ('section1', 'key1'):
print('Our key1 has been changed to', value)
elif token == ('section1', 'key2'):
print('Our key2 has been changed to', value)
The Kivy configuration panel is added by default to the settings instance. If you don’t want this panel,
you can declare your Application as follows:
class TestApp(App):
use_kivy_settings = False
# ...
This only removes the Kivy panel but does not stop the settings instance from appearing. If you want
to prevent the settings instance from appearing altogether, you can do this:
class TestApp(App):
def open_settings(self, *largs):
pass
31.3.3 Profiling with on_start and on_stop
It is often useful to profile python code in order to discover locations to optimise. The standard li-
brary profilers (http://docs.python.org/2/library/profile.html) provides multiple options for profil-
ing code. For profiling the entire program, the natural approaches of using profile as a module or
profile’s run method does not work with Kivy. It is however, possible to use App.on_start() and
App.on_stop() methods:
import cProfile
class MyApp(App):
def on_start(self):
self.profile = cProfile.Profile()
self.profile.enable()
def on_stop(self):
self.profile.disable()
self.profile.dump_stats('myapp.profile')
This will create a file called myapp.profile when you exit your app.
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31.3.4 Customising layout
You can choose different settings widget layouts by setting App.settings_cls. By default, this is a
Settings class which provides the pictured sidebar layout, but you could set it to any of the other
layouts provided in kivy.uix.settings or create your own. See the module documentation for
kivy.uix.settings for more information.
You can customise how the settings panel is displayed by overriding App.display_settings()
which is called before displaying the settings panel on the screen. By default, it simply draws the panel
on top of the window, but you could modify it to (for instance) show the settings in a Popup or add
it to your app’s ScreenManager if you are using one. If you do so, you should also modify App.
close_settings() to exit the panel appropriately. For instance, to have the settings panel appear in
a popup you can do:
def display_settings(self, settings):

try:
p = self.settings_popup
except AttributeError:
self.settings_popup = Popup(content=settings,
title='Settings',
size_hint=(0.8, 0.8))
if p.content is not settings:
p.content = settings
p.open()
def close_settings(self, *args):

try:
p.dismiss()
except AttributeError:
pass # Settings popup doesn't exist
Finally, if you want to replace the current settings panel widget, you can remove the internal refer-
ences to it using App.destroy_settings(). If you have modified App.display_settings(),
you should be careful to detect if the settings panel has been replaced.
31.3.5 Pause mode

On tablets and phones, the user can switch at any moment to another application. By default, your
application will close and the App.on_stop() event will be fired.
If you support Pause mode, when switching to another application, your application will wait indef-
initely until the user switches back to your application. There is an issue with OpenGL on Android
devices: it is not guaranteed that the OpenGL ES Context will be restored when your app resumes. The
mechanism for restoring all the OpenGL data is not yet implemented in Kivy.
The currently implemented Pause mechanism is:
1. Kivy checks every frame if Pause mode is activated by the Operating System due to the user
switching to another application, a phone shutdown or any other reason.
2. App.on_pause() is called:
3. If False is returned, then App.on_stop() is called.
4. If True is returned (default case), the application will sleep until the OS resumes our App.
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5. When the app is resumed, App.on_resume() is called.
6. If our app memory has been reclaimed by the OS, then nothing will be called.
Here is a simple example of how on_pause() should be used:
class TestApp(App):
def on_pause(self):
# Here you can save data if needed
return True
def on_resume(self):
# Here you can check if any data needs replacing (usually nothing)
pass
Warning: Both on_pause and on_stop must save important data because after on_pause is called,
on_resume may not be called at all.
31.3.6 Asynchronous app
In addition to running an app normally, Kivy can be run within an async event loop such as provided
by the standard library asyncio package or the trio package (highly recommended).
Background
Normally, when a Kivy app is run, it blocks the thread that runs it until the app exits. Internally, at each
clock iteration it executes all the app callbacks, handles graphics and input, and idles by sleeping for
any remaining time.
To be able to run asynchronously, the Kivy app may not sleep, but instead must release control of the
running context to the asynchronous event loop running the Kivy app. We do this when idling by
calling the appropriate functions of the async package being used instead of sleeping.
Async configuration
To run a Kivy app asynchronously, either the async_runTouchApp() or App.async_run() corou-

tine must be scheduled to run in the event loop of the async library being used.
The environmental variable KIVY_EVENTLOOP or the async_lib parameter in
async_runTouchApp() and App.async_run() set the async library that Kivy uses internally
when the app is run with async_runTouchApp() and App.async_run(). It can be set to one
of “asyncio” when the standard library asyncio is used, or “trio” if the trio library is used. If the
environment variable is not set and async_lib is not provided, the stdlib asyncio is used.
init_async_lib() can also be directly called to set the async library to use, but it may only be called
before the app has begun running with async_runTouchApp() or App.async_run().
To run the app asynchronously, one schedules async_runTouchApp() or App.async_run() to run
within the given library’s async event loop as in the examples shown below. Kivy is then treated as just
another coroutine that the given library runs in its event loop. Internally, Kivy will use the specified
async library’s API, so KIVY_EVENTLOOP or async_lib must match the async library that is running
Kivy.
For a fuller basic and more advanced examples, see the demo apps in examples/async.
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Asyncio example ~~~~~~~~~~~~~–
import asyncio
from kivy.app import async_runTouchApp

loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(
async_runTouchApp(Label(text='Hello, World!'), async_lib='asyncio'))
loop.close()
Trio example ~~~~~~~~~~–
import trio
from kivy.app import async_runTouchApp

from functools import partial
# use functools.partial() to pass keyword arguments:

async_runTouchApp_func = partial(async_runTouchApp, async_lib='trio')
trio.run(async_runTouchApp_func, Label(text='Hello, World!'))
31.3.7 Interacting with Kivy app from other coroutines
It is fully safe to interact with any kivy object from other coroutines running within the same async
event loop. This is because they are all running from the same thread and the other coroutines are only
executed when Kivy is idling.
Similarly, the kivy callbacks may safely interact with objects from other coroutines running in the same
event loop. Normal single threaded rules apply to both case.
class kivy.app.App(**kwargs)
Application class, see module documentation for more information.
Events
on_start: Fired when the application is being started (before the runTouchApp()
call.
on_stop: Fired when the application stops.
on_pause: Fired when the application is paused by the OS.
on_resume: Fired when the application is resumed from pause by the OS. Beware:
you have no guarantee that this event will be fired after the on_pause event has
been called.
Changed in version 1.7.0: Parameter kv_file added.
Changed in version 1.8.0: Parameters kv_file and kv_directory are now properties of App.
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async async_run(async_lib=None)
Identical to run(), but is a coroutine and can be scheduled in a running async event loop.
See kivy.app for example usage.
build()
Initializes the application; it will be called only once. If this method returns a widget (tree),
it will be used as the root widget and added to the window.
Returns None or a root Widget instance if no self.root exists.
build_config(config)
This method is called before the application is initialized to construct your ConfigParser
object. This is where you can put any default section / key / value for your config.
If anything is set, the configuration will be automatically saved in the file returned by
get_application_config().
Parameters
config: ConfigParser Use this to add default section / key / value items
build_settings(settings)
This method is called when the user (or you) want to show the application settings. It is
called once when the settings panel is first opened, after which the panel is cached. It may
be called again if the cached settings panel is removed by destroy_settings().
You can use this method to add settings panels and to customise the settings widget e.g. by
changing the sidebar width. See the module documentation for full details.
Parameters
settings: Settings Settings instance for adding panels
close_settings(*largs)
Close the previously opened settings panel.
Returns True if the settings has been closed.
config
Returns an instance of the ConfigParser for the application configuration. You can use
this to query some config tokens in the build() method.
create_settings()
Create the settings panel. This method will normally be called only one time per application
life-time and the result is cached internally, but it may be called again if the cached panel is
removed by destroy_settings().
By default, it will build a settings panel according to settings_cls, call
build_settings(), add a Kivy panel if use_kivy_settings is True, and bind to
on_close/on_config_change.
If you want to plug your own way of doing settings, without the Kivy panel or close/config
change events, this is the method you want to overload.
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destroy_settings()
Dereferences the current settings panel if one exists. This means that when App.
open_settings() is next run, a new panel will be created and displayed. It doesn’t affect
any of the contents of the panel, but lets you (for instance) refresh the settings panel layout if
you have changed the settings widget in response to a screen size change.
If you have modified open_settings() or display_settings(), you should be careful
to correctly detect if the previous settings widget has been destroyed.
property directory
Return the directory where the application lives.
display_settings(settings)
Display the settings panel. By default, the panel is drawn directly on top of the window. You
can define other behaviour by overriding this method, such as adding it to a ScreenManager
or Popup.
You should return True if the display is successful, otherwise False.
Parameters
settings: Settings You can modify this object in order to modify the settings
display.
get_application_config(defaultpath='%(appdir)s/%(appname)s.ini')
Return the filename of your application configuration. Depending on the platform, the ap-
plication file will be stored in different locations:
• on iOS: <appdir>/Documents/.<appname>.ini
• on Android: <user_data_dir>/.<appname>.ini
• otherwise: <appdir>/<appname>.ini
When you are distributing your application on Desktops, please note that if the application
is meant to be installed system-wide, the user might not have write-access to the application
directory. If you want to store user settings, you should overload this method and change
the default behavior to save the configuration file in the user directory.
class TestApp(App):
def get_application_config(self):
return super(TestApp, self).get_application_config(
'~/.%(appname)s.ini')
Some notes:
• The tilda ‘~’ will be expanded to the user directory.
• %(appdir)s will be replaced with the application directory
• %(appname)s will be replaced with the application name
Changed in version 1.4.0: Customized the defaultpath for iOS and Android platforms.
Added a defaultpath parameter for desktop OS’s (not applicable to iOS and Android.)
Changed in version 1.11.0: Changed the Android version to make use of the
user_data_dir and added a missing dot to the iOS config file name.
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get_application_icon()
Return the icon of the application.
get_application_name()
Return the name of the application.
static get_running_app()
Return the currently running application instance.
icon
Icon of your application. The icon can be located in the same directory as your main file. You
can set this as follows:
class MyApp(App):
def build(self):
self.icon = 'myicon.png'

Changed in version 1.8.0: icon is now a StringProperty. Don’t set the icon in the class as
previously stated in the documentation.
Note: For Kivy prior to 1.8.0, you need to set this as follows:
class MyApp(App):
icon = 'customicon.png'
Recommended 256x256 or 1024x1024? for GNU/Linux and Mac OSX 32x32 for Windows7
or less. <= 256x256 for windows 8 256x256 does work (on Windows 8 at least), but is scaled
down and doesn’t look as good as a 32x32 icon.
kv_directory
Path of the directory where application kv is stored, defaults to None
If a kv_directory is set, it will be used to get the initial kv file. By default, the file is assumed
to be in the same directory as the current App definition file.
kv_file
Filename of the Kv file to load, defaults to None.
If a kv_file is set, it will be loaded when the application starts. The loading of the “default”
kv file will be prevented.
load_config()
(internal) This function is used for returning a ConfigParser with the application configura-
tion. It’s doing 3 things:
1. Creating an instance of a ConfigParser
2. Loading the default configuration by calling build_config(), then
3. If it exists, it loads the application configuration file, otherwise it creates one.
Returns ConfigParser instance
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load_kv(filename=None)
This method is invoked the first time the app is being run if no widget tree has been con-
structed before for this app. This method then looks for a matching kv file in the same
directory as the file that contains the application class.
For example, say you have a file named main.py that contains:
class ShowcaseApp(App):
pass
This method will search for a file named showcase.kv in the directory that contains main.py.
The name of the kv file has to be the lowercase name of the class, without the ‘App’ postfix
at the end if it exists.
You can define rules and a root widget in your kv file:
<ClassName>: # this is a rule

...
ClassName: # this is a root widget

...
There must be only one root widget. See the Kivy Language documentation for more infor-
mation on how to create kv files. If your kv file contains a root widget, it will be used as
self.root, the root widget for the application.
Note: This function is called from run(), therefore, any widget whose styling is defined
in this kv file and is created before run() is called (e.g. in __init__), won’t have its styling
applied. Note that build() is called after load_kv has been called.
property name
Return the name of the application based on the class name.
on_config_change(config, section, key, value)
Event handler fired when a configuration token has been changed by the settings page.
Changed in version 1.10.1: Added corresponding on_config_change event.
on_pause()
Event handler called when Pause mode is requested. You should return True if your app can
go into Pause mode, otherwise return False and your application will be stopped.
You cannot control when the application is going to go into this mode. It’s determined by
the Operating System and mostly used for mobile devices (android/ios) and for resizing.
The default return value is True.
Changed in version 1.10.0: The default return value is now True.
on_resume()
Event handler called when your application is resuming from the Pause mode.
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Warning: When resuming, the OpenGL Context might have been damaged / freed. This
is where you can reconstruct some of your OpenGL state e.g. FBO content.
on_start()
Event handler for the on_start event which is fired after initialization (after build() has been
called) but before the application has started running.
on_stop()
Event handler for the on_stop event which is fired when the application has finished running
(i.e. the window is about to be closed).
open_settings(*largs)
Open the application settings panel. It will be created the very first time, or recreated if
the previously cached panel has been removed by destroy_settings(). The settings
panel will be displayed with the display_settings() method, which by default adds
the settings panel to the Window attached to your application. You should override that
method if you want to display the settings panel differently.
Returns True if the settings has been opened.
options
Options passed to the __init__ of the App
root
The root widget returned by the build() method or by the load_kv() method if the kv
file contains a root widget.
property root_window
Returns the root window instance used by run().
run()
Launches the app in standalone mode.
settings_cls
The class used to construct the settings panel and the instance passed to build_config().
You should use either Settings or one of the provided subclasses with different lay-
outs (SettingsWithSidebar, SettingsWithSpinner, SettingsWithTabbedPanel,
SettingsWithNoMenu). You can also create your own Settings subclass. See the documen-
tation of Settings for more information.
settings_cls is an ObjectProperty and defaults to SettingsWithSpinner which
displays settings panels with a spinner to switch between them. If you set a string, the
Factory will be used to resolve the class.
stop(*largs)
Stop the application.
If you use this method, the whole application will stop by issuing a call to stopTouchApp().
title
Title of your application. You can set this as follows:
class MyApp(App):
def build(self):
self.title = 'Hello world'
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Changed in version 1.8.0: title is now a StringProperty. Don’t set the title in the class as
previously stated in the documentation.
Note: For Kivy < 1.8.0, you can set this as follows:
class MyApp(App):
title = 'Custom title'
If you want to dynamically change the title, you can do:

EventLoop.window.title = 'New title'
use_kivy_settings = True
If True, the application settings will also include the Kivy settings. If you don’t want the user
to change any kivy settings from your settings UI, change this to False.
property user_data_dir
Returns the path to the directory in the users file system which the application can use to
store additional data.
Different platforms have different conventions with regards to where the user can store data
such as preferences, saved games and settings. This function implements these conventions.
The <app_name> directory is created when the property is called, unless it already exists.
On iOS, ~/Documents/<app_name> is returned (which is inside the app’s sandbox).
On Windows, %APPDATA%/<app_name> is returned.
On OS X, ~/Library/Application Support/<app_name> is returned.
On Linux, $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/<app_name> is returned.
On Android, Context.GetFilesDir is returned.
Changed in version 1.11.0: On Android, this function previously returned /sd-
card/<app_name>. This folder became read-only by default in Android API 26 and the
user_data_dir has therefore been moved to a writeable location.
async kivy.app.async_runTouchApp(widget=None, embedded=False, async_lib=None)
Identical to runTouchApp() but instead it is a coroutine that can be run in an existing async
event loop.
async_lib is the async library to use. See kivy.app for details and example usage.
kivy.app.runTouchApp(widget=None, embedded=False)
Static main function that starts the application loop. You can access some magic via the following
arguments:
Parameters
<empty> To make dispatching work, you need at least one input listener. If not,
application will leave. (MTWindow act as an input listener)
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widget If you pass only a widget, a MTWindow will be created and your widget
will be added to the window as the root widget.
embedded No event dispatching is done. This will be your job.
widget + embedded No event dispatching is done. This will be your job but we try
to get the window (must be created by you beforehand) and add the widget
to it. Very useful for embedding Kivy in another toolkit. (like Qt, check kivy-
designed)
kivy.app.stopTouchApp()
Stop the current application by leaving the main loop.
31.4 Asynchronous data loader
This is the Asynchronous Loader. You can use it to load an image and use it, even if data are not yet
available. You must specify a default loading image when using the loader:
from kivy.loader import Loader

image = Loader.image('mysprite.png')
You can also load an image from a url:
image = Loader.image('http://mysite.com/test.png')
If you want to change the default loading image, you can do:
Loader.loading_image = Image('another_loading.png')
31.4.1 Tweaking the asynchronous loader

You can tweak the loader to provide a better user experience or more performance, depending of the
images you are going to load. Take a look at the parameters:
• Loader.num_workers - define the number of threads to start for loading images.
• Loader.max_upload_per_frame - define the maximum image uploads in GPU to do per
frame.
class kivy.loader.LoaderBase
Common base for the Loader and specific implementations. By default, the Loader will be the
best available loader implementation.
The _update() function is called every 1 / 25.s or each frame if we have less than 25 FPS.
property error_image
Image used for error. You can change it by doing:
Loader.error_image = 'error.png'
Changed in version 1.6.0: Not readonly anymore.
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image(filename, load_callback=None, post_callback=None, **kwargs)
Load a image using the Loader. A ProxyImage is returned with a loading image. You can
use it as follows:

class TestApp(App):
def _image_loaded(self, proxyImage):
if proxyImage.image.texture:
self.image.texture = proxyImage.image.texture
def build(self):
proxyImage = Loader.image("myPic.jpg")
proxyImage.bind(on_load=self._image_loaded)
self.image = Image()
return self.image
TestApp().run()
In order to cancel all background loading, call Loader.stop().

property loading_image
Image used for loading. You can change it by doing:
Loader.loading_image = 'loading.png'
Changed in version 1.6.0: Not readonly anymore.

property max_upload_per_frame
The number of images to upload per frame. By default, we’ll upload only 2 images to the
GPU per frame. If you are uploading many small images, you can easily increase this pa-
rameter to 10 or more. If you are loading multiple full HD images, the upload time may have
consequences and block the application. If you want a smooth experience, use the default.
As a matter of fact, a Full-HD RGB image will take ~6MB in memory, so it may take time. If
you have activated mipmap=True too, then the GPU must calculate the mipmap of these big
images too, in real time. Then it may be best to reduce the max_upload_per_frame to 1 or
2. If you want to get rid of that (or reduce it a lot), take a look at the DDS format.
property num_workers
Number of workers to use while loading (used only if the loader implementation supports
it). This setting impacts the loader only on initialization. Once the loader is started, the
setting has no impact:

Loader.num_workers = 4
The default value is 2 for giving a smooth user experience. You could increase the number
of workers, then all the images will be loaded faster, but the user will not been able to use
the application while loading. Prior to 1.6.0, the default number was 20, and loading many
full-hd images was completely blocking the application.
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pause()
Pause the loader, can be useful during interactions.
resume()
Resume the loader, after a pause().
run(*largs)
Main loop for the loader.
start()
Start the loader thread/process.
stop()
Stop the loader thread/process.
class kivy.loader.ProxyImage(arg, **kwargs)
Bases: kivy.core.image.Image
Image returned by the Loader.image() function.
Properties
loaded: bool, defaults to False This value may be True if the image is already
cached.
Events
on_load Fired when the image is loaded or changed.
on_error Fired when the image cannot be loaded. error: Exception data that oc-
curred
31.5 Atlas
Atlas manages texture atlases: packing multiple textures into one. With it, you reduce the number of
images loaded and speedup the application loading. This module contains both the Atlas class and
command line processing for creating an atlas from a set of individual PNG files. The command line
section requires the Pillow library, or the defunct Python Imaging Library (PIL), to be installed.
An Atlas is composed of 2 or more files:
• a json file (.atlas) that contains the image file names and texture locations of the atlas.
• one or multiple image files containing textures referenced by the .atlas file.
31.5.1 Definition of .atlas files
A file with <basename>.atlas is a json file formatted like this:
{
"<basename>-<index>.png": {
"id1": [ <x>, <y>, <width>, <height> ],
"id2": [ <x>, <y>, <width>, <height> ],
# ...
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},
# ...
}
Example from the Kivy data/images/defaulttheme.atlas:
{
"defaulttheme-0.png": {
"progressbar_background": [431, 224, 59, 24],
"image-missing": [253, 344, 48, 48],
"filechooser_selected": [1, 207, 118, 118],
"bubble_btn": [83, 174, 32, 32],
# ... and more ...
}
}
In this example, “defaulttheme-0.png” is a large image, with the pixels in the rectangle
from (431, 224) to (431 + 59, 224 + 24) usable as atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/
progressbar_background in any image parameter.
31.5.2 How to create an Atlas
Warning: The atlas creation requires the Pillow library (or the defunct Imaging/PIL library). This
requirement will be removed in the future when the Kivy core Image is able to support loading,
blitting, and saving operations.
You can directly use this module to create atlas files with this command:
$ python -m kivy.atlas <basename> <size> <list of images...>
Let’s say you have a list of images that you want to put into an Atlas. The directory is named images
with lots of 64x64 png files inside:
$ ls
images
$ cd images
$ ls
bubble.png bubble-red.png button.png button-down.png
You can combine all the png’s into one and generate the atlas file with:
$ python -m kivy.atlas myatlas 256x256 *.png

Atlas created at myatlas.atlas
1 image has been created
$ ls
bubble.png bubble-red.png button.png button-down.png myatlas.atlas
myatlas-0.png
As you can see, we get 2 new files: myatlas.atlas and myatlas-0.png. myatlas-0.png is a new
256x256 .png composed of all your images. If the size you specify is not large enough to fit all of the
source images, more atlas images will be created as required e.g. myatlas-1.png, myatlas-2.png
etc.
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Note: When using this script, the ids referenced in the atlas are the base names of the images without
the extension. So, if you are going to name a file ../images/button.png, the id for this image will
be button.
If you need path information included, you should include use_path as follows:
$ python -m kivy.atlas -- --use_path myatlas 256 *.png
In which case the id for ../images/button.png will be images_button
31.5.3 How to use an Atlas
Usually, you would specify the images by supplying the path:
a = Button(background_normal='images/button.png',
background_down='images/button_down.png')
In our previous example, we have created the atlas containing both images and put them in images/
myatlas.atlas. You can use url notation to reference them:
a = Button(background_normal='atlas://images/myatlas/button',
background_down='atlas://images/myatlas/button_down')
In other words, the path to the images is replaced by:
atlas://path/to/myatlas/id
# will search for the ``path/to/myatlas.atlas`` and get the image `ìd``
Note: In the atlas url, there is no need to add the .atlas extension. It will be automatically append to
the filename.
31.5.4 Manual usage of the Atlas
>>> from kivy.atlas import Atlas

>>> atlas = Atlas('path/to/myatlas.atlas')
>>> print(atlas.textures.keys())
['bubble', 'bubble-red', 'button', 'button-down']
>>> print(atlas['button'])
<kivy.graphics.texture.TextureRegion object at 0x2404d10>
class kivy.atlas.Atlas(filename)
Manage texture atlas. See module documentation for more information.
static create(outname, filenames, size, padding=2, use_path=False)
This method can be used to create an atlas manually from a set of images.
Parameters
outname: str Basename to use for .atlas creation and -<idx>.png associ-
ated images.
215
filenames: list List of filenames to put in the atlas.
size: int or list (width, height) Size of the atlas image. If the size is not large
enough to fit all of the source images, more atlas images will created as re-
quired.
padding: int, defaults to 2 Padding to put around each image.
Be careful. If you’re using a padding < 2, you might have issues with the
borders of the images. Because of the OpenGL linearization, it might use the
pixels of the adjacent image.
If you’re using a padding >= 2, we’ll automatically generate a “border” of 1px
around your image. If you look at the result, don’t be scared if the image
inside is not exactly the same as yours :).
use_path: bool, defaults to False If True, the relative path of the source png file
names will be included in the atlas ids rather that just in the file names. Lead-
ing dots and slashes will be excluded and all other slashes in the path will
be replaced with underscores. For example, if use_path is False (the default)
and the file name is ../data/tiles/green_grass.png, the id will be
green_grass. If use_path is True, it will be data_tiles_green_grass.
Changed in version 1.8.0: Parameter use_path added
filename
Filename of the current Atlas.
filename is an AliasProperty and defaults to None.
original_textures
List of original atlas textures (which contain the textures).
original_textures is a ListProperty and defaults to [].
textures
List of available textures within the atlas.
textures is a DictProperty and defaults to {}.
31.6 Cache manager
The cache manager can be used to store python objects attached to a unique key. The cache can be
controlled in two ways: with a object limit or a timeout.
For example, we can create a new cache with a limit of 10 objects and a timeout of 5 seconds:
# register a new Cache

Cache.register('mycache', limit=10, timeout=5)
# create an object + id
key = 'objectid'
instance = Label(text=text)
Cache.append('mycache', key, instance)
# retrieve the cached object

instance = Cache.get('mycache', key)
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If the instance is NULL, the cache may have trashed it because you’ve not used the label for 5 seconds
and you’ve reach the limit.
class kivy.cache.Cache
See module documentation for more information.
static append(category, key, obj, timeout=None)
Add a new object to the cache.
Parameters
category: str Identifier of the category.
key: str Unique identifier of the object to store.
obj: object Object to store in cache.
timeout: double (optional) Time after which to delete the object if it has not
been used. If None, no timeout is applied.
Raises ValueError: If None is used as key.
Changed in version 2.0.0: Raises ValueError if None is used as key.
static get(category, key, default=None)
Get a object from the cache.
Parameters
key: str Unique identifier of the object in the store.
default: anything, defaults to None Default value to be returned if the key is
not found.
static get_lastaccess(category, key, default=None)
Get the objects last access time in the cache.
Parameters
not found.
static get_timestamp(category, key, default=None)
Get the object timestamp in the cache.
Parameters
not found.
static print_usage()
Print the cache usage to the console.
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static register(category, limit=None, timeout=None)
Register a new category in the cache with the specified limit.
Parameters
limit: int (optional) Maximum number of objects allowed in the cache. If None,
no limit is applied.
timeout: double (optional) Time after which to delete the object if it has not
been used. If None, no timeout is applied.
static remove(category, key=None)
Purge the cache.
Parameters
key: str (optional) Unique identifier of the object in the store. If this argument
is not supplied, the entire category will be purged.
31.7 Clock object
The Clock object allows you to schedule a function call in the future; once or repeatedly at specified
intervals. You can get the time elapsed between the scheduling and the calling of the callback via the dt
argument:
# dt means delta-time
pass
# call my_callback every 0.5 seconds

Clock.schedule_interval(my_callback, 0.5)
# call my_callback in 5 seconds

# call my_callback as soon as possible (usually next frame.)

Clock.schedule_once(my_callback)
Note: If the callback returns False, the schedule will be canceled and won’t repeat.
If you want to schedule a function to call with default arguments, you can use the functools.partial
python module:
def my_callback(value, key, *largs):

pass
Clock.schedule_interval(partial(my_callback, 'my value', 'my key'), 0.5)
Conversely, if you want to schedule a function that doesn’t accept the dt argument, you can use a
lambda expression to write a short function that does accept dt. For Example:
218
def no_args_func():
print("I accept no arguments, so don't schedule me in the clock")
Clock.schedule_once(lambda dt: no_args_func(), 0.5)
Note: You cannot unschedule an anonymous function unless you keep a reference to it. It’s better to
add *args to your function definition so that it can be called with an arbitrary number of parameters.
Important: The class method callback is weak-referenced: you are responsible for keeping a reference
to your original object/callback. If you don’t keep a reference, the ClockBase will never execute your
callback. For example:
class Foo(object):
def start(self):
Clock.schedule_interval(self.callback, 0.5)
def callback(self, dt):

print('In callback')
# A Foo object is created and the method start is called.

# Because no reference is kept to the instance returned from Foo(),
# the object will be collected by the Python Garbage Collector and
# your callback will be never called.
Foo().start()
# So you should do the following and keep a reference to the instance

# of foo until you don't need it anymore!
foo = Foo()
foo.start()
31.7.1 Schedule before frame

Sometimes you need to schedule a callback BEFORE the next frame. Starting from 1.0.5, you can use a
timeout of -1:
Clock.schedule_once(my_callback, 0) # call after the next frame

Clock.schedule_once(my_callback, -1) # call before the next frame
The Clock will execute all the callbacks with a timeout of -1 before the next frame even if you add a new
callback with -1 from a running callback. However, Clock has an iteration limit for these callbacks: it
defaults to 10.
If you schedule a callback that schedules a callback that schedules a . . . etc more than 10 times, it
will leave the loop and send a warning to the console, then continue after the next frame. This is
implemented to prevent bugs from hanging or crashing the application.
If you need to increase the limit, set the max_iteration property:
from kivy.clock import Clock

Clock.max_iteration = 20
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31.7.2 Triggered Events

CyClockBase.create_trigger() is an advanced method way to defer a callback. It functions
exactly like CyClockBase.schedule_once() and CyClockBase.schedule_interval() except
that it doesn’t immediately schedule the callback. Instead, one schedules the callback using the
ClockEvent returned by it. This ensures that you can call the event multiple times but it won’t be
scheduled more than once. This is not the case with CyClockBase.schedule_once():
# will run the callback twice before the next frame

# will run the callback once before the next frame

event = Clock.create_trigger(my_callback)
event()
event()
# will also run the callback only once before the next frame
event = Clock.schedule_once(my_callback) # now it's already scheduled
event() # won't be scheduled again
event()
In addition, it is more convenient to create and bind to the triggered event than using CyClockBase.
schedule_once() in a function:

class Sample(Widget):
self._trigger = Clock.create_trigger(self.cb)
super(Sample, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.bind(x=self._trigger, y=self._trigger)
def cb(self, *largs):

pass
Even if x and y changes within one frame, the callback is only run once.
31.7.3 Unscheduling
An event scheduled with CyClockBase.schedule_once(), CyClockBase.

schedule_interval(), or with CyClockBase.create_trigger() and then triggered can
be unscheduled in multiple ways. E.g:
pass
# call my_callback every 0.5 seconds

event = Clock.schedule_interval(my_callback, 0.5)
# call my_callback in 5 seconds

event2 = Clock.schedule_once(my_callback, 5)
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event_trig = Clock.create_trigger(my_callback, 5)
event_trig()
# unschedule using cancel

event.cancel()
# unschedule using Clock.unschedule

Clock.unschedule(event2)
# unschedule using Clock.unschedule with the callback

# NOT RECOMMENDED
Clock.unschedule(my_callback)
The best way to unschedule a callback is with ClockEvent.cancel(). CyClockBase.

unschedule() is mainly an alias for that for that function. However, if the original callback itself
is passed to CyClockBase.unschedule(), it’ll unschedule all instances of that callback (provided
all is True, the default, otherwise only the first match is removed).
Calling CyClockBase.unschedule() on the original callback is highly discouraged because it’s sig-
nificantly slower than when using the event.
31.7.4 Clock Lifecycle
Kivy’s clock has a lifecycle. By default, scheduling a callback after the Clock has ended will not raise
an error, even though the callback may never be called. That’s because most callbacks are like services,
e.g. responding to a user button press - if the app is running the callbacks need to service the app
and respond to the input, but once the app has stopped or is stopping, we can safely not process these
events.
Other events always need to be processed. E.g. another thread may request a callback in kivy’s thread
and then process some result. If the event is not processed in Kivy’s thread because the app stopped,
the second thread may block forever hanging the application as it exits.
Consequently, we provide a API (CyClockBase.create_lifecycle_aware_trigger()) for
scheduling callbacks that raise a ClockNotRunningError if the clock has stopped. If the schedul-
ing succeeded it guarantees that one of its callbacks will be called. I.e. the new CyClockBase.
create_lifecycle_aware_trigger() accepts an additional clock_ended_callback param-
eter. Normally, callback will be called when the event is processed. But, if the clock is stopped before
it can be processed, if the application exited normally (and the app was started) and the event wasn’t
canceled, and the callbacks are not garbage collected, then clock_ended_callback will be called
instead when the clock is stopped.
That is, given these conditions, if ClockNotRunningError was not raised when the event was sched-
uled, then one of these callbacks will be called - either callback if the event executed normally, or
clock_ended_callback if the clock is stopped while the event is scheduled.
By default, events can be scheduled before the clock is started because it is assumed
the clock will eventually be started when the app starts. I.e. calling CyClockBase.
create_lifecycle_aware_trigger() before the clock and application starts will succeed. But
if the app never actually starts, then neither of the callbacks may be executed.
New in version 2.0.0: The lifecycle was added in 2.0.0
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31.7.5 Exception Handling
Kivy provides a exception handling manager, ExceptionManager, to handle its internal exceptions
including exceptions raised by clock callbacks, without crashing the application. By default when an
exception is raised, the app will crash. But, if a handler is registered with the exception manager and
the handler handles the exception, the app will not crash and will continue as normal.:
from kivy.base import ExceptionHandler, ExceptionManager

class MyHandler(ExceptionHandler):
def handle_exception(self, inst):
if isinstance(inst, ValueError):
Logger.exception('ValueError caught by MyHandler')
return ExceptionManager.PASS
return ExceptionManager.RAISE
ExceptionManager.add_handler(MyHandler())
Then, all ValueError exceptions will be logged to the console and ignored. Similarly, if a scheduled
clock callback raises a ValueError, other clock events will still be processed normally.
If an event’s callback raises an exception, before the exception handler is executed, the callback is im-
mediately canceled.
It still is possible for the app to be corrupted if kivy itself is the source of the exception. I.e. even
with a handler that ignores exceptions and doesn’t crash, the app may be in a corrupted state if the
error originates from within Kivy itself. However, the exception handler can help protect the app from
crashing and can help protect against user callbacks crashing the app.
Changed in version 2.0.0: Prior to Kivy 2.0.0, an exception raised in a event’s callback would cause the
clock to crash and subsequent events may or may not be executed. Even if the exception was handled
by an ExceptionHandler, there was no guarantee that some scheduled events would not be skipped.
From 2.0.0 onward, if a event’s exception is handled by an ExceptionHandler, other events will be
shielded from the exception and will execute normally.
31.7.6 Scheduling from __del__
It is not safe to schedule Clock events from a object’s __del__ or __dealloc__ method. If
you must schedule a Clock call from this method, use CyClockBase.schedule_del_safe() or
CyClockBase.schedule_lifecycle_aware_del_safe() instead.
31.7.7 Threading and Callback Order
Beginning with 1.10.0, all the events scheduled for the same frame, e.g. all the events scheduled in the
same frame with a timeout of 0, well be executed in the order they were scheduled.
Also, all the scheduling and canceling methods are fully thread safe and can be safely used from external
threads.
As a a consequence, calling CyClockBase.unschedule() with the original callback is now signif-
icantly slower and highly discouraged. Instead, the returned events should be used to cancel. As a
tradeoff, all the other methods are now significantly faster than before.
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31.7.8 Advanced Clock Details
The following section goes into the internal kivy clock details as well as the various clock options. It is
meant only for advanced users.
Fundamentally, the Kivy clock attempts to execute any scheduled callback rhythmically as determined
by the specified fps (frame per second, see maxfps in config). That is, ideally, given e.g. a desired
fps of 30, the clock will execute the callbacks at intervals of 1 / 30 seconds, or every 33.33 ms. All the
callbacks in a frame are given the same timestamp, i.e. the dt passed to the callback are all the same
and it’s the difference in time between the start of this and the previous frame.
Because of inherent indeterminism, the frames do not actually occur exactly at intervals of the fps and
dt may be under or over the desired fps. Also, once the timeout is “close enough” to the desired
timeout, as determined internally, Kivy will execute the callback in the current frame even when the
“actual time” has not elapsed the timeout amount.
Kivy offers now, since 1.10.0, multiple clocks with different behaviors.
Default Clock
The default clock (default) behaves as described above. When a callback with a timeout of zero or
non-zero is scheduled, they are executed at the frame that is near the timeout, which is a function of the
fps. So a timeout of zero would still result in a delay of one frame or about 1 / fps, typically a bit less
but sometimes more depending on the CPU usage of the other events scheduled for that frame.
In a test using a fps of 30, a callback with a timeout of 0, 0.001, and 0.05, resulted in a mean callback
delay of 0.02487, 0.02488, and 0.05011 seconds, respectively. When tested with a fps of 600 the delay for
0.05 was similar, except the standard deviation was reduced resulting in overall better accuracy.
Interruptible Clock
The default clock suffers from the quantization problem, as frames occur only on intervals and any
scheduled timeouts will not be able to occur during an interval. For example, with the timeout of 0.05,
while the mean was 0.05011, its values ranged between 0.02548 - 0.07348 and a standard deviation of
0.002. Also, there’s the minimum timeout of about 0.02487.
The interruptible clock (interrupt) will execute timeouts even during a frame. So a timeout of zero
will execute as quickly as possible and similarly a non-zero timeout will be executed even during the
interval.
This clock, and all the clocks described after this have an option, ClockBaseInterruptBehavior.
interupt_next_only. When True, any of the behavior new behavior will only apply to the callbacks
with a timeout of zero. Non-zero timeouts will behave like in the default clock. E.g. for this clock when
True, only zero timeouts will execute during the the interval.
In a test using a fps of 30, a callback with a timeout of 0, 0.001, and 0.05, resulted in a mean callback
delay of 0.00013, 0.00013, and 0.04120 seconds, respectively when ClockBaseInterruptBehavior.
interupt_next_only was False. Also, compared to the default clock the standard deviation was re-
duced. When ClockBaseInterruptBehavior.interupt_next_only was True, the values were
0.00010, 0.02414, and 0.05034, respectively.
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Free Clock
The interruptible clock may not be ideal for all cases because all the events are executed during the
intervals and events are not executed anymore rhythmically as multiples of the fps. For example, there
may not be any benefit for the graphics to update in a sub-interval, so the additional accuracy wastes
CPU.
The Free clock (free_all) solves this by having Clock.xxx_free versions of all the Clock
scheduling methods. By free, we mean the event is free from the fps because it’s not fps
limited. E.g. CyClockBaseFree.create_trigger_free() corresponds to CyClockBase.
create_trigger(). Only when an event scheduled using the Clock.xxx_free methods is present
will the clock interrupt and execute the events during the interval. So, if no free event is present the
clock behaves like the default clock, otherwise it behaves like the interrupt clock.
In a test using a fps of 30, a callback with a timeout of 0s, 0.001s, and 0.05s, resulted in a mean callback
delay of 0.00012s, 0.00017s, and 0.04121s seconds, respectively when it was a free event and 0.02403s,
0.02405s, and 0.04829s, respectively when it wasn’t.
Free Only Clock
The Free clock executes all events when a free event was scheduled. This results in normal events also
being execute in the middle of the interval when a free event is scheduled. For example, above, when
a free event was absent, a normal event with a 0.001s timeout was delayed for 0.02405s. However, if a
free event happened to be also scheduled, the normal event was only delayed 0.00014s, which may be
undesirable.
The Free only clock (free_only) solves it by only executing free events during the interval and normal
events are always executed like with the default clock. For example, in the presence of a free event, a
normal event with a timeout of 0.001s still had a delay of 0.02406. So this clock, treats free and normal
events independently, with normal events always being fps limited, but never the free events.
Summary
The kivy clock type to use can be set with the kivy_clock option the config. If KIVY_CLOCK is
present in the environment it overwrites the config selection. Its possible values are as follows:
• When kivy_clock is default, the normal clock, ClockBase, which limits callbacks to the
maxfps quantization - is used.
• When kivy_clock is interrupt, a interruptible clock, ClockBaseInterrupt, which doesn’t
limit any callbacks to the maxfps - is used. Callbacks will be executed at any time.
• When kivy_clock is free_all, a interruptible clock, ClockBaseFreeInterruptAll, which
doesn’t limit any callbacks to the maxfps in the presence of free events, but in their absence it limits
events to the fps quantization interval - is used.
• When kivy_clock is free_only, a interruptible clock, ClockBaseFreeInterruptAll,
which treats free and normal events independently; normal events are fps limited while free
events are not - is used.
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31.7.9 Async clock support

Experimental async support has been added in 2.0.0. The Clock now has a ClockBaseBehavior.
async_tick() and ClockBaseBehavior.async_idle() coroutine method which is used by the
kivy EventLoop when the kivy EventLoop is executed in a asynchronous manner. When used, the kivy
clock does not block while idling.
The async library to use is selected with the KIVY_EVENTLOOP environmental variable or by calling
init_async_lib() directly. The library can be one of “asyncio” when the standard library asyncio
should be used, or “trio” if the trio library should be used. If not set it defaults to “asyncio”.
See app for example usage.
kivy.clock.Clock: kivy.clock.ClockBase = None
The kivy Clock instance. See module documentation for details.
class kivy.clock.ClockBase(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior, kivy._clock.CyClockBase
The default kivy clock. See module for details.
usleep(microseconds)
Sleeps for the number of microseconds.
class kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior(async_lib='asyncio', **kwargs)
The base of the kivy clock.
Parameters
async_lib: string The async library to use when the clock is run asynchronously.
Can be one of, “asyncio” when the standard library asyncio should be used, or
“trio” if the trio library should be used.
It defaults to ‘asyncio’ or the value in the environmental variable
KIVY_EVENTLOOP if set. init_async_lib() can also be called directly to
set the library.
MIN_SLEEP = 0.005
The minimum time to sleep. If the remaining time is less than this, the event loop will con-
tinue.
async async_idle()
(internal) async version of idle().
async async_tick()
async version of tick().
property frames
Number of internal frames (not necessarily drawn) from the start of the clock.
property frames_displayed
Number of displayed frames from the start of the clock.
property frametime
Time spent between the last frame and the current frame (in seconds).
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get_boottime()
Get the time in seconds from the application start.
get_fps()
Get the current average FPS calculated by the clock.
get_rfps()
Get the current “real” FPS calculated by the clock. This counter reflects the real framerate
displayed on the screen.
In contrast to get_fps(), this function returns a counter of the number of frames, not the
average of frames per second.
get_time()
Get the last tick made by the clock.
idle()
(internal) waits here until the next frame.
init_async_lib(lib)
Manually sets the async library to use internally, when running in a asynchronous manner.
This can be called anytime before the kivy event loop has started, but not once the kivy App
is running.
Parameters
lib: string The async library to use when the clock is run asynchronously. Can
be one of, “asyncio” when the standard library asyncio should be used, or
post_idle(ts, current)
Called after idle() by tick().
pre_idle()
Called before idle() by tick().
tick()
Advance the clock to the next step. Must be called every frame. The default clock has a tick()
function called by the core Kivy framework.
tick_draw()
Tick the drawing counter.
static time()
Proxy method for clock().
class kivy.clock.ClockBaseFreeInterruptAll(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.clock.ClockBaseInterruptFreeBehavior, kivy._clock.
CyClockBaseFree
The free_all kivy clock. See module for details.
class kivy.clock.ClockBaseFreeInterruptOnly(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.clock.ClockBaseInterruptFreeBehavior, kivy._clock.
CyClockBaseFree
The free_only kivy clock. See module for details.
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async async_idle()
idle()
class kivy.clock.ClockBaseInterrupt(interupt_next_only=False, **kwargs)
Bases: kivy.clock.ClockBaseInterruptBehavior, kivy._clock.CyClockBase
The interrupt kivy clock. See module for details.
class kivy.clock.ClockBaseInterruptBehavior(interupt_next_only=False, **kwargs)
Bases: kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior
A kivy clock which can be interrupted during a frame to execute events.
async async_idle()
idle()
init_async_lib(lib)
Manually sets the async library to use internally, when running in a asynchronous manner.
This can be called anytime before the kivy event loop has started, but not once the kivy App
is running.
Parameters
lib: string The async library to use when the clock is run asynchronously. Can
be one of, “asyncio” when the standard library asyncio should be used, or
class kivy.clock.ClockBaseInterruptFreeBehavior(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.clock.ClockBaseInterruptBehavior
A base class for the clock that interrupts the sleep interval for free events.
class kivy.clock.ClockEvent(CyClockBase clock, int loop, callback, double timeout, double starttime,
cid=None, int trigger=False, clock_ended_callback=None,
release_ref=True, **kwargs)
This class is never created by the user; instead, kivy creates and returns an instance of this class
when scheduling a callback.
An event can be triggered (scheduled) by calling it. If it’s already scheduled, nothing will happen,
otherwise it’ll be scheduled. E.g.:
event = Clock.schedule_once(my_callback, .5)

event() # nothing will happen since it's already scheduled.
event.cancel() # cancel it
event() # now it's scheduled again.
callback
callback: object
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cancel()
Cancels the callback if it was scheduled to be called. If not scheduled, nothing happens.
cid
cid: object
clock
clock: kivy._clock.CyClockBase The CyClockBase instance associated with the event.
clock_ended_callback
clock_ended_callback: object A Optional callback for this event, which if provided is called
by the clock
when the clock is stopped and the event was not ticked.
get_callback()
Returns the callback associated with the event. Callbacks get stored with a indirect ref so that
it doesn’t keep objects alive. If the callback is dead, None is returned.
get_clock_ended_callback()
Returns the clock_ended_callback associated with the event. Callbacks get stored with a
indirect ref so that it doesn’t keep objects alive. If the callback is dead or wasn’t provided,
None is returned.
is_triggered
Returns whether the event is scheduled to have its callback executed by the kivy thread.
loop
loop: ‘int’ Whether this event repeats at intervals of timeout.
next
next: kivy._clock.ClockEvent The next ClockEvent in order they were scheduled.
prev
prev: kivy._clock.ClockEvent The previous ClockEvent in order they were scheduled.
release()
(internal method) Converts the callback into a indirect ref.
release_ref
release_ref: ‘int’ If True, the event should never release the reference to the callbacks.
If False, a weakref may be created instead.
tick(double curtime)
(internal method) Processes the event for the kivy thread.
timeout
timeout: ‘double’ The duration after scheduling when the callback should be executed.
weak_callback
weak_callback: object
weak_clock_ended_callback
weak_clock_ended_callback: object
exception kivy.clock.ClockNotRunningError
Bases: RuntimeError
Raised by the kivy Clock when scheduling an event if the Kivy Clock has already finished
(stop_clock was called).
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class kivy.clock.CyClockBase(**kwargs)
clock_resolution
clock_resolution: ‘double’ If the remaining time until the event timeout is less than
clock_resolution,
the clock will execute the callback even if it hasn’t exactly timed out.
If -1, the default, the resolution will be computed from config’s maxfps. Otherwise,
the provided value is used. Defaults to -1.
create_lifecycle_aware_trigger(callback, clock_ended_callback, timeout=0, interval=False,
release_ref=True) → ClockEvent
Create a Trigger event similarly to create_trigger(), but the event is sensitive to the
clock’s state.
If this event is triggered after the clock has stopped (stop_clock()), then a
ClockNotRunningError will be raised. If the error is not raised, then either callback
or clock_ended_callback will be called. callback will be called when the event is nor-
mally executed. If the clock is stopped before it can be executed, provided the app exited
normally without crashing and the event wasn’t manually canceled, and the callbacks are
not garbage collected then clock_ended_callback will be called instead when the clock
is stopped.
Parameters
callback: callable The callback to execute from kivy. It takes a single parameter
- the current elapsed kivy time.
clock_ended_callback: callable A callback that will be called if the clock is
stopped while the event is still scheduled to be called. The callback takes a
single parameter - the event object. When the event is successfully sched-
uled, if the app exited normally and the event wasn’t canceled, and the call-
backs are not garbage collected - it is guaranteed that either callback or
clock_ended_callback would have been called.
timeout: float How long to wait before calling the callback.
interval: bool Whether the callback should be called once (False) or repeatedly
with a period of timeout (True) like schedule_interval().
release_ref : bool If True, the default, then if callback or
clock_ended_callback is a class method and the object has no ref-
erences to it, then the object may be garbage collected and the callbacks won’t
be called. If False, the clock keeps a reference to the object preventing it from
being garbage collected - so it will be called.
Returns A ClockEvent instance. To schedule the callback of this instance, you can
call it.
create_trigger(callback, timeout=0, interval=False, release_ref=True) → ClockEvent
Create a Trigger event. It is thread safe but not __del__ or __dealloc__ safe (see
schedule_del_safe()). Check module documentation for more information.
To cancel the event before it is executed, call ClockEvent.cancel() on the returned event.
To schedule it again, simply call the event (event()) and it’ll be safely rescheduled if it isn’t
already scheduled.
Parameters
229
callback: callable The callback to execute from kivy. It takes a single parameter
- the current elapsed kivy time.
timeout: float How long to wait before calling the callback.
interval: bool Whether the callback should be called once (False) or repeatedly
with a period of timeout (True) like schedule_interval().
release_ref : bool If True, the default, then if callback is a class method and
the object has no references to it, then the object may be garbage collected and
the callbacks won’t be called. If False, the clock keeps a reference to the object
preventing it from being garbage collected - so it will be called.
Returns A ClockEvent instance. To schedule the callback of this instance, you can
call it.
Changed in version 1.10.0: interval has been added.
Changed in version 2.0.0: release_ref has been added.
get_before_frame_events()
Returns the list of ClockEvent instances that are scheduled to be called before the next
frame (-1 timeout).
get_events()
Returns the list of ClockEvent instances currently scheduled.
get_min_timeout()
Returns the remaining time since the start of the current frame for the event with the smallest
timeout.
get_resolution()
Returns the minimum resolution the clock has. It’s a function of clock_resolution and
maxfps provided at the config.
handle_exception(e)
Provides an opportunity to handle an event’s exception.
If desired, the exception is handled, otherwise it should be raised again. By default it is raised
again.
Parameters e – The exception to be handled.
has_ended
has_ended: ‘int’
has_started
has_started: ‘int’
max_iteration
max_iteration: ‘int’ The maximum number of callback iterations at the end of the frame,
before the next
frame. If more iterations occur, a warning is issued.
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on_schedule(event)
Function that is called internally every time an event is triggered for this clock. It takes the
event as a parameter.
The order of on_schedule calls are not guaranteed to be in the same order that the events
are scheduled. Similarly, it is possible that the event being scheduled was canceled before
this is called on the event. That’s because on_schedule() may be called from different
threads.
schedule_del_safe(callback)
Schedule a callback that is thread safe and __del__ or __dealloc__ safe.
It’s unsafe to call various kinds of code from __del__ or __dealloc__ methods be-
cause they can be executed at any time. Most Kivy’s Clock methods are unsafe to call the
Clock from these methods. Instead, use this method, which is thread safe and __del__ or
__dealloc__ safe, to schedule the callback in the kivy thread. It’ll be executed in order
after the normal events are processed.
Parameters
callback: Callable The callback the execute from kivy. It takes no parameters
and cannot be canceled.
schedule_interval(callback, timeout) → ClockEvent
Schedule an event to be called every <timeout> seconds. See create_trigger() for ad-
vanced scheduling and more details.
If the callback is a class method, a weakref to the object is created and it may be garbage
collected if there’s no other reference to the object.
Returns A ClockEvent instance. As opposed to create_trigger() which only
creates the trigger event, this method also schedules it.
schedule_lifecycle_aware_del_safe(callback, clock_ended_callback)
Schedule a callback that is thread safe and __del__ or __dealloc__ safe similarly to
schedule_del_safe(), but the callback is sensitive to the clock’s state.
If this event is triggered after the clock has stopped (stop_clock()), then a
ClockNotRunningError will be raised. If the error is not raised, then either callback
or clock_ended_callback will be called. callback will be called when the callback is
normally executed. If the clock is stopped before it can be executed, provided the app exited
normally without crashing then clock_ended_callback will be called instead when the
clock is stopped.
Parameters
callback: Callable The callback the execute from kivy. It takes no parameters
and cannot be canceled.
clock_ended_callback: callable A callback that will be called if the clock is
stopped while the callback is still scheduled to be called. The callback takes
a single parameter - the callback. If the app exited normally, it is guaranteed
that either callback or clock_ended_callback would have been called.
schedule_once(callback, timeout=0) → ClockEvent
Schedule an event in <timeout> seconds. If <timeout> is unspecified or 0, the callback will be
called after the next frame is rendered. See create_trigger() for advanced scheduling
and more details.
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If the callback is a class method, a weakref to the object is created and it may be garbage
collected if there’s no other reference to the object.
Returns A ClockEvent instance. As opposed to create_trigger() which only
creates the trigger event, this method also schedules it.
Changed in version 1.0.5: If the timeout is -1, the callback will be called before the next frame
(at tick_draw()).
start_clock()
Must be called to start the clock.
Once stop_clock() is called, it cannot be started again.
stop_clock()
Stops the clock and cleans up.
This must be called to process the lifecycle_aware callbacks etc.
unschedule(callback, all=True)
Remove a previously scheduled event.
An ClockEvent can also be canceled directly by calling ClockEvent.cancel().
Parameters
callback: ClockEvent or a callable. If it’s a ClockEvent instance, then the
callback associated with this event will be canceled if it is scheduled.
If it’s a callable, then the callable will be unscheduled if it was scheduled.
Warning: Passing the callback function rather than the returned

ClockEvent will result in a significantly slower unscheduling.
all: bool If True and if callback is a callable, all instances of this callable will be
unscheduled (i.e. if this callable was scheduled multiple times). Defaults to
True.
Changed in version 1.9.0: The all parameter was added. Before, it behaved as if all was True.
class kivy.clock.CyClockBaseFree
Bases: kivy._clock.CyClockBase
A clock class that supports scheduling free events in addition to normal events.
Each of the create_trigger(), schedule_once(), and schedule_interval() methods,
which create a normal event, have a corresponding method for creating a free event.
create_lifecycle_aware_trigger(callback, clock_ended_callback, timeout=0, interval=False,
release_ref=True) → FreeClockEvent
create_lifecycle_aware_trigger_free(callback, clock_ended_callback, timeout=0,

interval=False, release_ref=True) →
FreeClockEvent
_ _ _
Similar to create lifecycle aware trigger(), but instead creates a free event.
create_trigger(callback, timeout=0, interval=False, release_ref=True) → FreeClockEvent
create_trigger_free(callback, timeout=0, interval=False, release_ref=True) → FreeClockEvent

Similar to create_trigger(), but instead creates a free event.
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get_min_free_timeout()
Returns the remaining time since the start of the current frame for the free event with the
smallest timeout.
schedule_interval(callback, timeout) → FreeClockEvent
schedule_interval_free(callback, timeout) → FreeClockEvent

Similar to schedule_interval(), but instead creates a free event.
schedule_once(callback, timeout=0) → FreeClockEvent
schedule_once_free(callback, timeout=0) → FreeClockEvent

Similar to schedule_once(), but instead creates a free event.
class kivy.clock.FreeClockEvent(free, *largs, **kwargs)
Bases: kivy._clock.ClockEvent
CyClockBaseFree. It stores whether the event was scheduled as a free event.
free
free: ‘int’ Whether this event was scheduled as a free event.
kivy.clock.mainthread(func)
Decorator that will schedule the call of the function for the next available frame in the mainthread.
It can be useful when you use UrlRequest or when you do Thread programming: you cannot
do any OpenGL-related work in a thread.
Please note that this method will return directly and no result can be returned:
@mainthread
def callback(self, *args):
print('The request succeeded!',
'This callback is called in the main thread.')
self.req = UrlRequest(url='http://...', on_success=callback)

kivy.clock.triggered(timeout=0, interval=False)
Decorator that will trigger the call of the function at the specified timeout, through the method
CyClockBase.create_trigger(). Subsequent calls to the decorated function (while the
timeout is active) are ignored.
It can be helpful when an expensive function (i.e. call to a server) can be triggered by different
methods. Setting a proper timeout will delay the calling and only one of them will be triggered.
@triggered(timeout, interval=False) def callback(id):
print(‘The callback has been called with id=%d’ % id)
>> callback(id=1) >> callback(id=2) The callback has been called with id=2
The decorated callback can also be unscheduled using:
>> callback.cancel()
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31.8 Compatibility module for Python 2.7 and >= 3.4
This module provides a set of utility types and functions for optimization and to aid in writing Python
2/3 compatible code.
kivy.compat.PY2 = False
False, because we don’t support Python 2 anymore.
kivy.compat.clock() → float
A clock with the highest available resolution on your current Operating System.
kivy.compat.isclose(a, b, *, rel_tol=1e-09, abs_tol=0.0)
Determine whether two floating point numbers are close in value.
rel_tol maximum difference for being considered “close”, relative to the magnitude of
the input values
abs_tol maximum difference for being considered “close”, regardless of the magnitude
of the input values
Return True if a is close in value to b, and False otherwise.
For the values to be considered close, the difference between them must be smaller than at least
one of the tolerances.
-inf, inf and NaN behave similarly to the IEEE 754 Standard. That is, NaN is not close to anything,
even itself. inf and -inf are only close to themselves.
kivy.compat.string_types
A utility type for detecting string in a Python 2/3 friendly way. For example:
if isinstance(s, string_types):
print("It's a string or unicode type")
else:
print("It's something else.")
31.9 Configuration object
The Config object is an instance of a modified Python ConfigParser. See the ConfigParser documenta-
tion for more information.
Kivy has a configuration file which determines the default settings. In order to change these settings,
you can alter this file manually or use the Config object. Please see the Configure Kivy section for more
information.
31.9.1 Applying configurations
Configuration options control the initialization of the App. In order to avoid situations where the config
settings do not work or are not applied before window creation (like setting an initial window size),
Config.set should be used before importing any other Kivy modules. Ideally, this means setting
them right at the start of your main.py script.
Alternatively, you can save these settings permanently using Config.set then Config.write. In
this case, you will need to restart the app for the changes to take effect. Note that this approach will
effect all Kivy apps system wide.
Please note that no underscores (_) are allowed in the section name.
234
31.9.2 Usage of the Config object
To read a configuration token from a particular section:
>>> from kivy.config import Config

>>> Config.getint('kivy', 'show_fps')
0
Change the configuration and save it:
>>> Config.set('postproc', 'retain_time', '50')

>>> Config.write()
For information on configuring your App, please see the Application configuration section.
Changed in version 1.7.1: The ConfigParser should work correctly with utf-8 now. The values are
converted from ascii to unicode only when needed. The method get() returns utf-8 strings.
31.9.3 Changing configuration with environment variables
Since 1.11.0, it is now possible to change the configuration using environment variables. They take
precedence on the loaded config.ini. The format is:
KCFG_<section>_<key> = <value>
For example:
KCFG_GRAPHICS_FULLSCREEN=auto . . . KCFG_KIVY_LOG_LEVEL=warning . . .
Or in your file before any kivy import:
import os os.environ[“KCFG_KIVY_LOG_LEVEL”] = “warning”
If you don’t want to map any environment variables, you can disable the behavior:
os.environ["KIVY_NO_ENV_CONFIG"] = "1"
31.9.4 Available configuration tokens
kivy
default_font: list Default fonts used for widgets displaying any text. It de-
faults to [‘Roboto’, ‘data/fonts/Roboto-Regular.ttf’, ‘data/fonts/Roboto-Italic.ttf’,
‘data/fonts/Roboto-Bold.ttf’, ‘data/fonts/Roboto-BoldItalic.ttf’].
desktop: int, 0 or 1 This option controls desktop OS specific features, such as enabling
drag-able scroll-bar in scroll views, disabling of bubbles in TextInput etc. 0 is dis-
abled, 1 is enabled.
exit_on_escape: int, 0 or 1 Enables exiting kivy when escape is pressed. 0 is disabled,
1 is enabled.
pause_on_minimize: int, 0 or 1 If set to 1, the main loop is paused and the on_pause
event is dispatched when the window is minimized. This option is intended for
desktop use only. Defaults to 0.
keyboard_layout: string Identifier of the layout to use.
keyboard_mode: string Specifies the keyboard mode to use. If can be one of the fol-
lowing:
235
• ‘’ - Let Kivy choose the best option for your current platform.
• ‘system’ - real keyboard.
• ‘dock’ - one virtual keyboard docked to a screen side.
• ‘multi’ - one virtual keyboard for every widget request.
• ‘systemanddock’ - virtual docked keyboard plus input from real keyboard.
• ‘systemandmulti’ - analogous.
kivy_clock: one of default, interrupt, free_all, free_only The clock type to use with
kivy. See kivy.clock.
log_dir: string Path of log directory.
log_enable: int, 0 or 1 Activate file logging. 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled.
log_level: string, one of ‘trace’, ‘debug’, ‘info’, ‘warning’, ‘error’ or ‘critical’ Set the
minimum log level to use.
log_name: string Format string to use for the filename of log file.
log_maxfiles: int Keep log_maxfiles recent logfiles while purging the log directory. Set
‘log_maxfiles’ to -1 to disable logfile purging (eg keep all logfiles).
Note: You end up with ‘log_maxfiles + 1’ logfiles because the logger adds a new
one after purging.
window_icon: string Path of the window icon. Use this if you want to replace the
default pygame icon.
postproc
double_tap_distance: float Maximum distance allowed for a double tap, normalized
inside the range 0 - 1000.
double_tap_time: int Time allowed for the detection of double tap, in milliseconds.
ignore: list of tuples List of regions where new touches are ignored. This configura-
tion token can be used to resolve hotspot problems with DIY hardware. The format
of the list must be:
ignore = [(xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax), ...]
All the values must be inside the range 0 - 1.

jitter_distance: int Maximum distance for jitter detection, normalized inside the range
0 - 1000.
jitter_ignore_devices: string, separated with commas List of devices to ignore from
jitter detection.
retain_distance: int If the touch moves more than is indicated by retain_distance, it
will not be retained. Argument should be an int between 0 and 1000.
retain_time: int Time allowed for a retain touch, in milliseconds.
triple_tap_distance: float Maximum distance allowed for a triple tap, normalized in-
side the range 0 - 1000.
triple_tap_time: int Time allowed for the detection of triple tap, in milliseconds.
graphics
236
borderless: int, one of 0 or 1 If set to 1, removes the window border/decoration. Win-
dow resizing must also be disabled to hide the resizing border.
custom_titlebar: int, one of 0 or 1 If set to 1, removes the window border and allows
user to set a Widget as a titlebar see set_custom_titlebar() for detailed usage
custom_titlebar_border: int, defaults to 5 sets the how many pixles off the border
should be used as the rezising frame
window_state: string , one of ‘visible’, ‘hidden’, ‘maximized’
or ‘minimized’
Sets the window state, defaults to ‘visible’. This option is available only for the
SDL2 window provider and it should be used on desktop OSes.
fbo: string, one of ‘hardware’, ‘software’ or ‘force-hardware’ Selects the FBO back-
end to use.
fullscreen: int or string, one of 0, 1, ‘fake’ or ‘auto’ Activate fullscreen. If set to 1, a
resolution of width times height pixels will be used. If set to auto, your current
display’s resolution will be used instead. This is most likely what you want. If you
want to place the window in another display, use fake, or set the borderless option
from the graphics section, then adjust width, height, top and left.
height: int Height of the Window, not used if fullscreen is set to auto.
left: int Left position of the Window.
maxfps: int, defaults to 60 Maximum FPS allowed.
Warning: Setting maxfps to 0 will lead to max CPU usage.
‘multisamples’: int, defaults to 2 Sets the MultiSample Anti-Aliasing (MSAA) level.

Increasing this value results in smoother graphics but at the cost of processing
time.
Note: This feature is limited by device hardware support and will have no effect
on devices which do not support the level of MSAA requested.
position: string, one of ‘auto’ or ‘custom’ Position of the window on your display. If
auto is used, you have no control of the initial position: top and left are ignored.
show_cursor: int, one of 0 or 1 Set whether or not the cursor is shown on the window.
top: int Top position of the Window.
resizable: int, one of 0 or 1 If 0, the window will have a fixed size. If 1, the window
will be resizable.
rotation: int, one of 0, 90, 180 or 270 Rotation of the Window.
width: int Width of the Window, not used if fullscreen is set to auto.
minimum_width: int Minimum width to restrict the window to. (sdl2 only)
minimum_height: int Minimum height to restrict the window to. (sdl2 only)
min_state_time: float, defaults to .035 Minimum time for widgets to display a given
visual state. This attrib is currently used by widgets like DropDown &
ButtonBehavior to make sure they display their current visual state for the
given time.
237
allow_screensaver: int, one of 0 or 1, defaults to 1 Allow the device to show a screen
saver, or to go to sleep on mobile devices. Only works for the sdl2 window
provider.
vsync: none, empty value, or integers Whether vsync is enabled, currently only used
with sdl2 window. Possible values are none or empty value – leaves it unchanged,
0 – disables vsync, 1 or larger – sets vsync interval, -1 sets adaptive vsync. It falls
back to 1 if setting to 2+ or -1 failed. See SDL_GL_SetSwapInterval.
verify_gl_main_thread: int, 1 or 0, defaults to 1 Whether to check if code that changes
any gl instructions is running outside the main thread and then raise an error.
input You can create new input devices using this syntax:
# example of input provider instance

yourid = providerid,parameters
# example for tuio provider

default = tuio,127.0.0.1:3333
mytable = tuio,192.168.0.1:3334
See also:
Check the providers in kivy.input.providers for the syntax to use inside the con-
figuration file.
widgets
scroll_distance: int Default value of the scroll_distance property used by the
ScrollView widget. Check the widget documentation for more information.
scroll_friction: float Default value of the scroll_friction property used by the
Deprecated since version 1.7.0: Please use effect_cls instead.
scroll_timeout: int Default value of the scroll_timeout property used by the
scroll_stoptime: int Default value of the scroll_stoptime property used by the
scroll_moves: int Default value of the scroll_moves property used by the
modules You can activate modules with this syntax:
modulename =
Anything after the = will be passed to the module as arguments. Check the specific
module’s documentation for a list of accepted arguments.
Changed in version 2.1.0: vsync has been added to the graphics section. verify_gl_main_thread has been
added to the graphics section.
Changed in version 1.10.0: min_state_time and allow_screensaver have been added to the graphics section.
kivy_clock has been added to the kivy section. default_font has beed added to the kivy section.
Changed in version 1.9.0: borderless and window_state have been added to the graphics section. The fake
setting of the fullscreen option has been deprecated, use the borderless option instead. pause_on_minimize
has been added to the kivy section.
238
Changed in version 1.8.0: systemanddock and systemandmulti has been added as possible values for key-
board_mode in the kivy section. exit_on_escape has been added to the kivy section.
Changed in version 1.2.0: resizable has been added to graphics section.
Changed in version 1.1.0: tuio no longer listens by default. Window icons are not copied to user direc-
tory anymore. You can still set a new window icon by using the window_icon config setting.
Changed in version 1.0.8: scroll_timeout, scroll_distance and scroll_friction have been added. list_friction,
list_trigger_distance and list_friction_bound have been removed. keyboard_type and keyboard_layout have
been removed from the widget. keyboard_mode and keyboard_layout have been added to the kivy section.
kivy.config.Config = None
The default Kivy configuration object. This is a ConfigParser instance with the name set to
‘kivy’.
Config = ConfigParser(name='kivy')
class kivy.config.ConfigParser(name='', **kwargs)

Bases: configparser.RawConfigParser, builtins.object
Enhanced ConfigParser class that supports the addition of default sections and default values.
By default, the kivy ConfigParser instance, Config, is named ‘kivy’ and the ConfigParser instance
used by the App.build_settings method is named ‘app’.
Parameters
name: string The name of the instance. See name. Defaults to ‘’.
Changed in version 1.9.0: Each ConfigParser can now be named. You can get the ConfigParser
associated with a name using get_configparser(). In addition, you can now control the
config values with ConfigParserProperty.
add_callback(callback, section=None, key=None)
Add a callback to be called when a specific section or key has changed. If you don’t specify
a section or key, it will call the callback for all section/key changes.
Callbacks will receive 3 arguments: the section, key and value.
adddefaultsection(section)
Add a section if the section is missing.
get(section, option, **kwargs)
Get an option value for a given section.
If `vars’ is provided, it must be a dictionary. The option is looked up in `vars’ (if provided),
`section’, and in `DEFAULTSECT’ in that order. If the key is not found and `fallback’ is
provided, it is used as a fallback value. `None’ can be provided as a `fallback’ value.
If interpolation is enabled and the optional argument `raw’ is False, all interpolations are
expanded in the return values.
Arguments `raw’, `vars’, and `fallback’ are keyword only.
The section DEFAULT is special.
static get_configparser(name)
Returns the ConfigParser instance whose name is name, or None if not found.
239
Parameters
name: string The name of the ConfigParser instance to return.
getdefault(section, option, defaultvalue)
Get the value of an option in the specified section. If not found, it will return the default
value.
getdefaultint(section, option, defaultvalue)
Get the value of an option in the specified section. If not found, it will return the default
value. The value will always be returned as an integer.
property name
The name associated with this ConfigParser instance, if not ‘’. Defaults to ‘’. It can be safely
changed dynamically or set to ‘’.
When a ConfigParser is given a name, that config object can be retrieved using
get_configparser(). In addition, that config instance can also be used with a
ConfigParserProperty instance that set its config value to this name.
Setting more than one ConfigParser with the same name will raise a ValueError.
read(filename)
Read only one filename. In contrast to the original ConfigParser of Python, this one is able
to read only one file at a time. The last read file will be used for the write() method.
Changed in version 1.9.0: read() now calls the callbacks if read changed any values.
remove_callback(callback, section=None, key=None)
Removes a callback added with add_callback(). remove_callback() must be called
with the same parameters as add_callback().
Raises a ValueError if not found.
set(section, option, value)
Functions similarly to PythonConfigParser’s set method, except that the value is implicitly
converted to a string.
setall(section, keyvalues)
Sets multiple key-value pairs in a section. keyvalues should be a dictionary containing the
key-value pairs to be set.
setdefault(section, option, value)
Set the default value for an option in the specified section.
setdefaults(section, keyvalues)
Set multiple key-value defaults in a section. keyvalues should be a dictionary containing the
new key-value defaults.
update_config(filename, overwrite=False)
Upgrade the configuration based on a new default config file. Overwrite any existing values
if overwrite is True.
write()
Write the configuration to the last file opened using the read() method.
Return True if the write finished successfully, False otherwise.
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31.10 Context
Warning: This is experimental and subject to change as long as this warning notice is present.
Kivy has a few “global” instances that are used directly by many pieces of the framework: Cache, Builder,
Clock.
TODO: document this module.
class kivy.context.Context(init=False)
Bases: builtins.dict
pop(k[, d ]) → v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
kivy.context.get_current_context()
Return the current context.
kivy.context.register_context(name, cls, *args, **kwargs)
Register a new context.
31.11 Event dispatcher
All objects that produce events in Kivy implement the EventDispatcher which provides a consistent
interface for registering and manipulating event handlers.
Changed in version 1.0.9: Property discovery and methods have been moved from the Widget to the
EventDispatcher.
class kivy.event.EventDispatcher(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.event.ObjectWithUid
See the module docstring for usage.
apply_property(**kwargs)
Adds properties at runtime to the class. The function accepts keyword arguments of the
form prop_name=prop, where prop is a Property instance and prop_name is the name of the
attribute of the property.
Warning: This method is not recommended for common usage because you should
declare the properties in your class instead of using this method.
For example:
>>> print(wid.property('sticks', quiet=True))

None
>>> wid.apply_property(sticks=ObjectProperty(55, max=10))
>>> print(wid.property('sticks', quiet=True))
<kivy.properties.ObjectProperty object at 0x04303130>
241
bind(**kwargs)
Bind an event type or a property to a callback.
Usage:
# With properties
def my_x_callback(obj, value):
print('on object', obj, 'x changed to', value)
def my_width_callback(obj, value):
print('on object', obj, 'width changed to', value)
self.bind(x=my_x_callback, width=my_width_callback)
# With event
def my_press_callback(obj):
print('event on object', obj)
self.bind(on_press=my_press_callback)
In general, property callbacks are called with 2 arguments (the object and the property’s new
value) and event callbacks with one argument (the object). The example above illustrates
this.
The following example demonstrates various ways of using the bind function in a complete
application:

class DemoBox(BoxLayout):
"""
This class demonstrates various techniques that can be used
,→for binding to
events. Although parts could me made more optimal, advanced

,→Python concepts
are avoided for the sake of readability and clarity.

"""
super(DemoBox, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.orientation = "vertical"
# We start with binding to a normal event. The only

,→argument
# passed to the callback is the object which we have bound
,→to.
btn = Button(text="Normal binding to event")

btn.bind(on_press=self.on_event)
# Next, we bind to a standard property change event. This

,→ typically
# passes 2 arguments: the object and the value
btn2 = Button(text="Normal binding to a property change")
btn2.bind(state=self.on_property)
# Here we use anonymous functions (a.k.a lambdas) to

,→ perform binding. (continues on next page)
242
# Their advantage is that you can avoid declaring new
,→ functions i.e.
# they offer a concise way to "redirect" callbacks.
btn3 = Button(text="Using anonymous functions.")
btn3.bind(on_press=lambda x: self.on_event(None))
# You can also declare a function that accepts a variable

,→number of
# positional and keyword arguments and use introspection
,→to determine
# what is being passed in. This is very handy for

,→debugging as well
# as function re-use. Here, we use standard event binding

,→to a function
# that accepts optional positional and keyword arguments.

btn4 = Button(text="Use a flexible function")
btn4.bind(on_press=self.on_anything)
# Lastly, we show how to use partial functions. They are

,→sometimes
# difficult to grasp, but provide a very flexible and
,→powerful way to
# reuse functions.
btn5 = Button(text="Using partial functions. For hardcores.
,→")
btn5.bind(on_press=partial(self.on_anything, "1", "2",

,→monthy="python"))
for but in [btn, btn2, btn3, btn4, btn5]:

self.add_widget(but)
def on_event(self, obj):

print("Typical event from", obj)
def on_property(self, obj, value):

print("Typical property change from", obj, "to", value)
def on_anything(self, *args, **kwargs):

print('The flexible function has *args of', str(args),
"and **kwargs of", str(kwargs))
class DemoApp(App):
def build(self):
return DemoBox()
if __name__ == "__main__":
DemoApp().run()
If a callback has already been bound to a given event or property, it won’t be added again.
When binding a method to an event or property, a kivy.weakmethod.WeakMethod of
the callback is saved. That is, rather than storing a regular reference, it stores both a weak
reference to the instance (see Python’s weakref).
243
This has two consequences.
The first is that the binding will not prevent garbage collection of the method’s object. The
client must maintain a reference to the instance for the desired lifetime. The callback refer-
ence is silently removed if it becomes invalid.
The second is that when using a decorated method e.g.:
@my_decorator
def callback(self, *args):
pass
the decorator (my_decorator here) must use wraps internally.

create_property(unicode name, value=None, default_value=True, *largs, **kwargs)
Create a new property at runtime.
Changed in version 1.8.0: value parameter added, can be used to set the default value of the
property. Also, the type of the value is used to specialize the created property.
Changed in version 1.9.0: In the past, if value was of type bool, a NumericProperty would be
created, now a BooleanProperty is created.
Also, now and positional and keyword arguments are passed to the property when created.
Changed in version 2.0.0: default_value has been added.
Warning: This function is designed for the Kivy language, don’t use it in your code. You
should declare the property in your class instead of using this method.
Parameters
name: string Name of the property
value: object, optional Default value of the property. Type is also used for cre-
ating more appropriate property types. Defaults to None.
default_value: bool, True by default If True, value will be the default for the
property. Otherwise, the property will be initialized with the the property
type’s normal default value, and subsequently set to value.
>>> mywidget = Widget()

>>> mywidget.create_property('custom')
>>> mywidget.custom = True
>>> print(mywidget.custom)
True
dispatch(event_type, *largs, **kwargs)

Dispatch an event across all the handlers added in bind/fbind(). As soon as a handler returns
True, the dispatching stops.
The function collects all the positional and keyword arguments and passes them on to the
handlers.
Note: The handlers are called in reverse order than they were registered with bind().
244
Parameters
event_type: str the event name to dispatch.
Changed in version 1.9.0: Keyword arguments collection and forwarding was added. Before,
only positional arguments would be collected and forwarded.
dispatch_children(event_type, *largs, **kwargs)
dispatch_generic(event_type, *largs, **kwargs)
events()
Return all the events in the class. Can be used for introspection.
fbind(name, func, *largs, **kwargs)
A method for advanced, and typically faster binding. This method is different than bind()
and is meant for more advanced users and internal usage. It can be used as long as the
following points are heeded.
1. As opposed to bind(), it does not check that this function and largs/kwargs has not
been bound before to this name. So binding the same callback multiple times will just
keep adding it.
2. Although bind() creates a WeakMethod of the callback when binding to an event or
property, this method stores the callback directly, unless a keyword argument ref with
value True is provided and then a WeakMethod is saved. This is useful when there’s no
risk of a memory leak by storing the callback directly.
3. This method returns a unique positive number if name was found and bound, and 0,
otherwise. It does not raise an exception, like bind() if the property name is not found.
If not zero, the uid returned is unique to this name and callback and can be used with
unbind_uid() for unbinding.
When binding a callback with largs and/or kwargs, funbind() must be used for unbinding.
If no largs and kwargs are provided, unbind() may be used as well. unbind_uid() can
be used in either case.
This method passes on any caught positional and/or keyword arguments to the callback,
removing the need to call partial. When calling the callback the expended largs are passed
on followed by instance/value (just instance for kwargs) followed by expended kwargs.
Following is an example of usage similar to the example in bind():
class DemoBox(BoxLayout):

super(DemoBox, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.orientation = "vertical"
btn = Button(text="Normal binding to event")

btn.fbind('on_press', self.on_event)
btn2 = Button(text="Normal binding to a property change")

btn2.fbind('state', self.on_property)
btn3 = Button(text="A: Using function with args.")

btn3.fbind('on_press', self.on_event_with_args, 'right',
tree='birch', food='apple')
245
btn4 = Button(text="Unbind A.")

btn4.fbind('on_press', self.unbind_a, btn3)
btn5 = Button(text="Use a flexible function")

btn5.fbind('on_press', self.on_anything)
btn6 = Button(text="B: Using flexible functions with args.

,→For hardcores.")
btn6.fbind('on_press', self.on_anything, "1", "2", monthy=
,→"python")
btn7 = Button(text="Force dispatch B with different params

,→ ")
btn7.fbind('on_press', btn6.dispatch, 'on_press', 6, 7,
,→monthy="other python")
for but in [btn, btn2, btn3, btn4, btn5, btn6, btn7]:

self.add_widget(but)
def on_event(self, obj):

print("Typical event from", obj)
def on_event_with_args(self, side, obj, tree=None, food=None):

print("Event with args", obj, side, tree, food)
def on_property(self, obj, value):

print("Typical property change from", obj, "to", value)
def on_anything(self, *args, **kwargs):

print('The flexible function has *args of', str(args),
"and **kwargs of", str(kwargs))
return True
def unbind_a(self, btn, event):

btn.funbind('on_press', self.on_event_with_args, 'right',
tree='birch', food='apple')
Note: Since the kv lang uses this method to bind, one has to implement this method, instead
of bind() when creating a non EventDispatcher based class used with the kv lang. See
Observable for an example.

Changed in version 1.9.1: The ref keyword argument has been added.
funbind(name, func, *largs, **kwargs)
Similar to fbind().
When unbinding, unbind() will unbind all callbacks that match the callback, while this
method will only unbind the first.
To unbind, the same positional and keyword arguments passed to fbind() must be passed
on to funbind.
246
Note: It is safe to use funbind() to unbind a function bound with bind() as long as no
keyword and positional arguments are provided to funbind().

get_property_observers(name, args=False)
Returns a list of methods that are bound to the property/event passed as the name argument:
widget_instance.get_property_observers('on_release')
Parameters
name: str The name of the event or property.
args: bool Whether to return the bound args. To keep compatibility, only the
callback functions and not their provided args will be returned in the list when
args is False.
If True, each element in the list is a 5-tuple of (callback, largs, kwargs, is_ref, uid),
where is_ref indicates whether callback is a weakref, and uid is the uid given
by fbind(), or None if bind() was used. Defaults to False.
Returns The list of bound callbacks. See args for details.

Changed in version 1.9.0: args has been added.
getter(name)
Return the getter of a property.
is_event_type(event_type)
Return True if the event_type is already registered.
properties() → dict
Return all the properties in the class in a dictionary of key/property class. Can be used for
introspection.
property(name, quiet=False)
Get a property instance from the property name. If quiet is True, None is returned instead of
raising an exception when name is not a property. Defaults to False.
Returns A Property derived instance corresponding to the name.
Changed in version 1.9.0: quiet was added.
proxy_ref
Returns a WeakProxy reference to the EventDispatcher.
Changed in version 2.0.0: Previously it just returned itself, now it actually returns a
WeakProxy.
247
register_event_type(event_type)
Register an event type with the dispatcher.
Registering event types allows the dispatcher to validate event handler names as they are
attached and to search attached objects for suitable handlers. Each event type declaration
must:
1. start with the prefix on_.
2. have a default handler in the class.
Example of creating a custom event:
self.register_event_type('on_swipe')
def on_swipe(self):
pass
def on_swipe_callback(*largs):
print('my swipe is called', largs)
w = MyWidget()
w.dispatch('on_swipe')
setter(name)
Return the setter of a property. Use: instance.setter(‘name’). The setter is a convenient call-
back function useful if you want to directly bind one property to another. It returns a partial
function that will accept (obj, value) args and results in the property ‘name’ of instance being
set to value.
For example, to bind number2 to number1 in python you would do:
class ExampleWidget(Widget):
number1 = NumericProperty(None)
number2 = NumericProperty(None)

super(ExampleWidget, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.bind(number1=self.setter('number2'))
This is equivalent to kv binding:
<ExampleWidget>:
number2: self.number1
unbind(**kwargs)
Unbind properties from callback functions with similar usage as bind().
If a callback has been bound to a given event or property multiple times, only the first occur-
rence will be unbound.
Note: It is safe to use unbind() on a function bound with fbind() as long as that func-
tion was originally bound without any keyword and positional arguments. Otherwise, the
function will fail to be unbound and you should use funbind() instead.
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unbind_uid(name, uid)
Uses the uid returned by fbind() to unbind the callback.
This method is much more efficient than funbind(). If uid evaluates to False (e.g. 0) a
ValueError is raised. Also, only callbacks bound with fbind() can be unbound with this
method.
Since each call to fbind() will generate a unique uid, only one callback will be removed. If
uid is not found among the callbacks, no error is raised.
E.g.:
btn6 = Button(text="B: Using flexible functions with args. For

,→hardcores.")
uid = btn6.fbind('on_press', self.on_anything, "1", "2", monthy=

,→"python")
if not uid:
raise Exception('Binding failed').
...
btn6.unbind_uid('on_press', uid)

unregister_event_type(event_type)
Unregister an event type in the dispatcher.
Changed in version 2.1.0: Method renamed from unregister_event_types to unregis-
ter_event_type.
unregister_event_types(self, event_type)
class kivy.event.ObjectWithUid
(internal) This class assists in providing unique identifiers for class instances. It is not intended
for direct usage.
class kivy.event.Observable
Observable is a stub class defining the methods required for binding. EventDispatcher is
(the) one example of a class that implements the binding interface. See EventDispatcher for
details.
bind(**kwargs)

See EventDispatcher.fbind().
Note: To keep backward compatibility with derived classes which may have inherited
from Observable before, the fbind() method was added. The default implementa-
tion of fbind() is to create a partial function that it passes to bind while saving the uid
and largs/kwargs. However, funbind() (and unbind_uid()) are fairly inefficient since
we have to first lookup this partial function using the largs/kwargs or uid and then call
unbind() on the returned function. It is recommended to overwrite these methods in de-
rived classes to bind directly for better performance.
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Similarly to EventDispatcher.fbind(), this method returns 0 on failure and a positive
unique uid on success. This uid can be used with unbind_uid().

See fbind() and EventDispatcher.funbind().
unbind(**kwargs)
See fbind() and EventDispatcher.unbind_uid().
31.12 Factory object
The factory can be used to automatically register any class or module and instantiate classes from it
anywhere in your project. It is an implementation of the Factory Pattern.
The class list and available modules are automatically generated by setup.py.
Example for registering a class/module:
>>> from kivy.factory import Factory

>>> Factory.register('Widget', module='kivy.uix.widget')
>>> Factory.register('Vector', module='kivy.vector')
Example of using the Factory:

>>> widget = Factory.Widget(pos=(456,456))
>>> vector = Factory.Vector(9, 2)
Example using a class name:

>>> Factory.register('MyWidget', cls=MyWidget)
By default, the first classname you register via the factory is permanent. If you wish to change the
registered class, you need to unregister the classname before you re-assign it:

>>> Factory.register('MyWidget', cls=MyWidget)
>>> widget = Factory.MyWidget()
>>> Factory.unregister('MyWidget')
>>> Factory.register('MyWidget', cls=CustomWidget)
>>> customWidget = Factory.MyWidget()
kivy.factory.Factory: kivy.factory.FactoryBase = <kivy.factory.FactoryBase

object>
Factory instance to use for getting new classes
exception kivy.factory.FactoryException
Bases: Exception
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31.13 Geometry utilities
This module contains some helper functions for geometric calculations.

kivy.geometry.circumcircle(a, b, c)
Computes the circumcircle of a triangle defined by a, b, c. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Circumscribed_circle
Parameters
a: iterable containing at least 2 values (for x and y) The 1st point of the triangle.
b: iterable containing at least 2 values (for x and y) The 2nd point of the triangle.
c: iterable containing at least 2 values (for x and y) The 3rd point of the triangle.
Return
A tuple that defines the circle :
• The first element in the returned tuple is the center as (x, y)
• The second is the radius (float)
kivy.geometry.minimum_bounding_circle(points)
Returns the minimum bounding circle for a set of points.
For a description of the problem being solved, see the Smallest Circle Problem.
The function uses Applet’s Algorithm, the runtime is O(h^3, *n), where h is the number of
points in the convex hull of the set of points. But it runs in linear time in almost all real world
cases. See: http://tinyurl.com/6e4n5yb
Parameters
points: iterable A list of points (2 tuple with x,y coordinates)
Return
A tuple that defines the circle:
• The first element in the returned tuple is the center (x, y)
• The second the radius (float)
31.14 Gesture recognition
This class allows you to easily create new gestures and compare them:
from kivy.gesture import Gesture, GestureDatabase
# Create a gesture
g = Gesture()
g.add_stroke(point_list=[(1,1), (3,4), (2,1)])
g.normalize()
# Add it to the database

gdb = GestureDatabase()
gdb.add_gesture(g)
# And for the next gesture, try to find it!

g2 = Gesture()
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# ...
gdb.find(g2)
Warning: You don’t really want to do this: it’s more of an example of how to construct gestures
dynamically. Typically, you would need a lot more points, so it’s better to record gestures in a file
and reload them to compare later. Look in the examples/gestures directory for an example of how
to do that.
class kivy.gesture.Gesture(tolerance=None)
A python implementation of a gesture recognition algorithm by Oleg Dopertchouk: http://www.
gamedev.net/reference/articles/article2039.asp
Implemented by Jeiel Aranal (chemikhazi@gmail.com), released into the public domain.
add_stroke(point_list=None)
Adds a stroke to the gesture and returns the Stroke instance. Optional point_list argument is
a list of the mouse points for the stroke.
dot_product(comparison_gesture)
Calculates the dot product of the gesture with another gesture.
get_rigid_rotation(dstpts)
Extract the rotation to apply to a group of points to minimize the distance to a second group
of points. The two groups of points are assumed to be centered. This is a simple version that
just picks an angle based on the first point of the gesture.
get_score(comparison_gesture, rotation_invariant=True)
Returns the matching score of the gesture against another gesture.
normalize(stroke_samples=32)
Runs the gesture normalization algorithm and calculates the dot product with self.
class kivy.gesture.GestureDatabase
Class to handle a gesture database.
add_gesture(gesture)
Add a new gesture to the database.
find(gesture, minscore=0.9, rotation_invariant=True)
Find a matching gesture in the database.
gesture_to_str(gesture)
Convert a gesture into a unique string.
str_to_gesture(data)
Convert a unique string to a gesture.
class kivy.gesture.GestureStroke
Gestures can be made up of multiple strokes.
add_point(x=x_pos, y=y_pos)
Adds a point to the stroke.
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center_stroke(offset_x, offset_y)
Centers the stroke by offsetting the points.
normalize_stroke(sample_points=32)
Normalizes strokes so that every stroke has a standard number of points. Returns True if
stroke is normalized, False if it can’t be normalized. sample_points controls the resolution of
the stroke.
points_distance(point1=GesturePoint, point2=GesturePoint)
Returns the distance between two GesturePoints.
scale_stroke(scale_factor=float)
Scales the stroke down by scale_factor.
stroke_length(point_list=None)
Finds the length of the stroke. If a point list is given, finds the length of that list.
31.15 Interactive launcher

Deprecated since version 1.10.0: The interactive launcher has been deprecated.
The InteractiveLauncher provides a user-friendly python shell interface to an App so that it can
be prototyped and debugged interactively.
Note: The Kivy API intends for some functions to only be run once or before the main EventLoop has
started. Methods that can normally be called during the course of an application will work as intended,
but specifically overriding methods such as on_touch() dynamically leads to trouble.
31.15.1 Creating an InteractiveLauncher
Take your existing subclass of App (this can be production code) and pass an instance to the
InteractiveLauncher constructor.
from kivy.interactive import InteractiveLauncher

class MyApp(App):
def build(self):
return Button(text='Hello Shell')
launcher = InteractiveLauncher(MyApp())
launcher.run()
After pressing enter, the script will return. This allows the interpreter to continue running. Inspection
or modification of the App can be done safely through the InteractiveLauncher instance or the provided
SafeMembrane class instances.
Note: If you want to test this example, start Python without any file to have already an interpreter, and
copy/paste all the lines. You’ll still have the interpreter at the end + the kivy application running.
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31.15.2 Interactive Development
IPython provides a fast way to learn the Kivy API. The App instance and all of its attributes, including
methods and the entire widget tree, can be quickly listed by using the ‘.’ operator and pressing ‘tab’.
Try this code in an Ipython shell.
from kivy.interactive import InteractiveLauncher

from kivy.graphics import Color, Ellipse
class MyPaintWidget(Widget):
with self.canvas:
Color(1, 1, 0)
d = 30.
Ellipse(pos=(touch.x - d/2, touch.y - d/2), size=(d, d))
class TestApp(App):
def build(self):
return Widget()
i = InteractiveLauncher(TestApp())
i.run()
i. # press 'tab' to list attributes of the app
i.root. # press 'tab' to list attributes of the root widget
# App is boring. Attach a new widget!

i.root.add_widget(MyPaintWidget())
i.safeIn()
# The application is now blocked.
# Click on the screen several times.
i.safeOut()
# The clicks will show up now
# Erase artwork and start over

i.root.canvas.clear()
Note: All of the proxies used in the module store their referent in the _ref attribute, which can be
accessed directly if needed, such as for getting doc strings. help() and type() will access the proxy,
not its referent.
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31.15.3 Directly Pausing the Application
Both the InteractiveLauncher and SafeMembrane hold internal references to the EventLoop’s
‘safe’ and ‘confirmed’ threading.Event objects. You can use their safing methods to control the
application manually.
SafeMembrane.safeIn() will cause the application to pause and SafeMembrane.safeOut() will
allow a paused application to continue running. This is potentially useful for scripting actions into
functions that need the screen to update etc.
Note: The pausing is implemented via the Clocks' schedule_once() method and occurs before
the start of each frame.
31.15.4 Adding Attributes Dynamically
Note: This module uses threading and object proxies to encapsulate the running App. Deadlocks and
memory corruption can occur if making direct references inside the thread without going through the
provided proxy(s).
The InteractiveLauncher can have attributes added to it exactly like a normal object and if these
were created from outside the membrane, they will not be threadsafe because the external references to
them in the python interpreter do not go through InteractiveLauncher’s membrane behavior, inherited
from SafeMembrane.
To threadsafe these external references, simply assign them to SafeMembrane instances of themselves
like so:
from kivy.interactive import SafeMembrane
interactiveLauncher.attribute = myNewObject
# myNewObject is unsafe
myNewObject = SafeMembrane(myNewObject)
# myNewObject is now safe. Call at will.
myNewObject.method()
TODO
Unit tests, examples, and a better explanation of which methods are safe in a running application would
be nice. All three would be excellent.
Could be re-written with a context-manager style i.e.
with safe:
foo()
Any use cases besides compacting code?

class kivy.interactive.InteractiveLauncher(app=None, *args, **kwargs)
Bases: kivy.interactive.SafeMembrane
Proxy to an application instance that launches it in a thread and then returns and acts as a proxy
to the application in the thread.
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class kivy.interactive.SafeMembrane(ob, *args, **kwargs)
This help is for a proxy object. Did you want help on the proxy’s referent instead? Try using
help(<instance>._ref)
The SafeMembrane is a threadsafe proxy that also returns attributes as new thread-safe objects
and makes thread-safe method calls, preventing thread-unsafe objects from leaking into the user’s
environment.
safeIn()
Provides a thread-safe entry point for interactive launching.
safeOut()
Provides a thread-safe exit point for interactive launching.
31.16 Kivy Base
This module contains the Kivy core functionality and is not intended for end users. Feel free to look
through it, but bare in mind that calling any of these methods directly may result in an unpredictable
behavior as the calls access directly the event loop of an application.
kivy.base.EventLoop = <kivy.base.EventLoopBase object>
EventLoop instance
class kivy.base.EventLoopBase
Main event loop. This loop handles the updating of input and dispatching events.
add_event_listener(listener)
Add a new event listener for getting touch events.
add_input_provider(provider, auto_remove=False)
Add a new input provider to listen for touch events.
add_postproc_module(mod)
Add a postproc input module (DoubleTap, TripleTap, DeJitter RetainTouch are defaults).
async async_idle()
Identical to idle(), but instead used when running within an async event loop.
close()
Exit from the main loop and stop all configured input providers.
dispatch_input()
Called by EventLoopBase.idle() to read events from input providers, pass events to
postproc, and dispatch final events.
ensure_window()
Ensure that we have a window.
exit()
Close the main loop and close the window.
idle()
This function is called after every frame. By default:
• it “ticks” the clock to the next frame.
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• it reads all input and dispatches events.
• it dispatches on_update, on_draw and on_flip events to the window.
on_pause()
Event handler for on_pause which will be fired when the event loop is paused.
on_start()
Event handler for on_start which will be fired right after all input providers have been started.
on_stop()
Event handler for on_stop events which will be fired right after all input providers have been
stopped.
post_dispatch_input(etype, me)
This function is called by EventLoopBase.dispatch_input() when we want to dis-
patch an input event. The event is dispatched to all listeners and if grabbed, it’s dispatched
to grabbed widgets.
remove_android_splash(*args)
Remove android presplash in SDL2 bootstrap.
remove_event_listener(listener)
Remove an event listener from the list.
remove_input_provider(provider)
Remove an input provider.
Changed in version 2.1.0: Provider will be also removed if it exist in auto-remove list.
remove_postproc_module(mod)
Remove a postproc module.
run()
Main loop
set_window(window)
Set the window used for the event loop.
start()
Must be called before EventLoopBase.run(). This starts all configured input providers.
Changed in version 2.1.0: Method can be called multiple times, but event loop will start only
once.
stop()
Stop all input providers and call callbacks registered using EventLoop.add_stop_callback().
Changed in version 2.1.0: Method can be called multiple times, but event loop will stop only
once.
property touches
Return the list of all touches currently in down or move states.
class kivy.base.ExceptionHandler
Base handler that catches exceptions in runTouchApp(). You can subclass and extend it as fol-
lows:
257
class E(ExceptionHandler):
def handle_exception(self, inst):
Logger.exception('Exception caught by ExceptionHandler')
return ExceptionManager.PASS
ExceptionManager.add_handler(E())
Then, all exceptions will be set to PASS, and logged to the console!
handle_exception(exception)
Called by ExceptionManagerBase to handle a exception.
Defaults to returning ExceptionManager.RAISE that re-raises the exception. Return
ExceptionManager.PASS to indicate that the exception was handled and should be ig-
nored.
This may be called multiple times with the same exception, if ExceptionManager.RAISE
is returned as the exception bubbles through multiple kivy exception handling levels.
kivy.base.ExceptionManager: kivy.base.ExceptionManagerBase =
<kivy.base.ExceptionManagerBase object>
The ExceptionManagerBase instance that handles kivy exceptions.
class kivy.base.ExceptionManagerBase
ExceptionManager manages exceptions handlers.
PASS = 1
The exception should be ignored as it was handled by the handler.
RAISE = 0
The exception should be re-raised.
add_handler(cls)
Add a new exception handler to the stack.
handle_exception(inst)
Called when an exception occurred in the runTouchApp() main loop.
remove_handler(cls)
Remove the exception handler from the stack.
async kivy.base.async_runTouchApp(widget=None, embedded=False, async_lib=None)
Identical to runTouchApp() but instead it is a coroutine that can be run in an existing async
event loop.
async_lib is the async library to use. See kivy.app for details and example usage.
kivy.base.runTouchApp(widget=None, embedded=False)
Static main function that starts the application loop. You can access some magic via the following
arguments:
Parameters
<empty> To make dispatching work, you need at least one input listener. If not,
application will leave. (MTWindow act as an input listener)
258
widget If you pass only a widget, a MTWindow will be created and your widget
will be added to the window as the root widget.
embedded No event dispatching is done. This will be your job.
widget + embedded No event dispatching is done. This will be your job but we try
to get the window (must be created by you beforehand) and add the widget
to it. Very useful for embedding Kivy in another toolkit. (like Qt, check kivy-
designed)
kivy.base.stopTouchApp()
Stop the current application by leaving the main loop.
31.17 Logger object
The Kivy Logger class provides a singleton logger instance. This instance exposes a standard Python
logger object but adds some convenient features.
All the standard logging levels are available : trace, debug, info, warning, error and critical.
31.17.1 Example Usage
Use the Logger as you would a standard Python logger.
from kivy.logger import Logger
Logger.info('title: This is a info message.')

Logger.debug('title: This is a debug message.')
try:
raise Exception('bleh')
except Exception:
Logger.exception('Something happened!')
The message passed to the logger is split into two parts separated by a colon (:). The first part is used as
a title and the second part is used as the message. This way, you can “categorize” your messages easily.
Logger.info('Application: This is a test')
# will appear as
[INFO ] [Application ] This is a test
You can change the logging level at any time using the setLevel method.
from kivy.logger import Logger, LOG_LEVELS
Logger.setLevel(LOG_LEVELS["debug"])
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31.17.2 Features
Although you are free to use standard python loggers, the Kivy Logger offers some solid benefits and
useful features. These include:
• simplied usage (single instance, simple configuration, works by default)
• color-coded output
• output to stdout by default
• message categorization via colon separation
• access to log history even if logging is disabled
• built-in handling of various cross-platform considerations
Kivys’ logger was designed to be used with kivy apps and makes logging from Kivy apps more conve-
nient.
31.17.3 Logger Configuration
The Logger can be controlled via the Kivy configuration file:
[kivy]
log_level = info
log_enable = 1
log_dir = logs
log_name = kivy_%y-%m-%d_%_.txt
log_maxfiles = 100
More information about the allowed values are described in the kivy.config module.
31.17.4 Logger History
Even if the logger is not enabled, you still have access to the last 100 messages:
from kivy.logger import LoggerHistory
print(LoggerHistory.history)
kivy.logger.Logger = <Logger kivy (WARNING)>

Kivy default logger instance
class kivy.logger.LoggerHistory(level=0)
Bases: logging.Handler
emit(message)
Do whatever it takes to actually log the specified logging record.
This version is intended to be implemented by subclasses and so raises a NotImplemented-
Error.
flush()
Ensure all logging output has been flushed.
This version does nothing and is intended to be implemented by subclasses.
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31.18 Low level Metrics
31.19 Metrics
A screen is defined by its physical size, density and resolution. These factors are essential for creating
UI’s with correct size everywhere.
In Kivy, all the graphics pipelines work with pixels. But using pixels as a measurement unit is problem-
atic because sizes change according to the screen.
31.19.1 Dimensions
If you want to design your UI for different screen sizes, you will want better measurement units to work
with. Kivy provides some more scalable alternatives.
Units
pt Points - 1/72 of an inch based on the physical size of the screen. Prefer to use sp
instead of pt.
mm Millimeters - Based on the physical size of the screen.
cm Centimeters - Based on the physical size of the screen.
in Inches - Based on the physical size of the screen.
dp Density-independent Pixels - An abstract unit that is based on the physical density
of the screen. With a density of 1, 1dp is equal to 1px. When running on a
higher density screen, the number of pixels used to draw 1dp is scaled up a factor
appropriate to the screen’s dpi, and the inverse for a lower dpi. The ratio of dp-to-
pixels will change with the screen density, but not necessarily in direct proportion.
Using the dp unit is a simple solution to making the view dimensions in your
layout resize properly for different screen densities. In others words, it provides
consistency for the real-world size of your UI across different devices.
sp Scale-independent Pixels - This is like the dp unit, but it is also scaled by the user’s
font size preference. We recommend you use this unit when specifying font sizes,
so the font size will be adjusted to both the screen density and the user’s preference.
31.19.2 Examples
Here is an example of creating a label with a sp font_size and setting the height manually with a 10dp
margin:
#:kivy 1.5.0
<MyWidget>:
Label:
text: 'Hello world'
font_size: '15sp'
size_hint_y: None
height: self.texture_size[1] + dp(10)
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31.19.3 Manual control of metrics
The metrics cannot be changed at runtime. Once a value has been converted to pixels, you can’t retrieve
the original value anymore. This stems from the fact that the DPI and density of a device cannot be
changed at runtime.
We provide some environment variables to control metrics:
• KIVY_METRICS_DENSITY: if set, this value will be used for density instead of the systems one.
On android, the value varies between 0.75, 1, 1.5 and 2.
• KIVY_METRICS_FONTSCALE: if set, this value will be used for fontscale instead of the sys-
tems one. On android, the value varies between 0.8 and 1.2.
• KIVY_DPI: if set, this value will be used for dpi. Please note that setting the DPI will not impact
the dp/sp notation because these are based on the screen density.
For example, if you want to simulate a high-density screen (like the HTC One X):
KIVY_DPI=320 KIVY_METRICS_DENSITY=2 python main.py --size 1280x720
Or a medium-density (like Motorola Droid 2):
KIVY_DPI=240 KIVY_METRICS_DENSITY=1.5 python main.py --size 854x480
You can also simulate an alternative user preference for fontscale as follows:
KIVY_METRICS_FONTSCALE=1.2 python main.py
kivy.metrics.Metrics: kivy.metrics.MetricsBase = <kivy.metrics.MetricsBase

object>
The metrics object storing the window scaling factors.
Changed in version 2.1.0: Metrics is now a Context registered variable (like e.g. Clock).
class kivy.metrics.MetricsBase(**kwargs)
Class that contains the default attributes for Metrics. Don’t use this class directly, but use the
Metrics instance.
cm: float
The scaling factor that converts from centimeters to pixels.
cm is a AliasProperty containing the factor. E.g in KV: width: self.
texture_size[0] + 10 * Metrics.cm will update width when cm changes from a
screen configuration change.
density: float
The density of the screen.
This value is 1 by default on desktops but varies on android depending on the screen.
density is a AliasProperty and can be set to change the value. But, the density is
reloaded and reset if we got it from the Window and the Window density changed.
dp: float
The scaling factor that converts from density-independent pixels to pixels.
dp is a AliasProperty containing the factor. E.g in KV: width: self.
texture_size[0] + 10 * Metrics.dp will update width when dp changes from a
262
dpi: float
The DPI of the screen.
Depending on the platform, the DPI can be taken from the Window provider (Desktop
mainly) or from a platform-specific module (like android/ios).
dpi is a AliasProperty and can be set to change the value. But, the density is reloaded
and reset if we got it from the Window and the Window dpi changed.
dpi_rounded: int
Return the dpi of the screen, rounded to the nearest of 120, 160, 240 or 320.
dpi_rounded is a AliasProperty and updates when dpi changes.
fontscale: float
The fontscale user preference.
This value is 1 by default but can vary between 0.8 and 1.2.
fontscale is a AliasProperty and can be set to change the value.
inch: float
The scaling factor that converts from inches to pixels.
inch is a AliasProperty containing the factor. E.g in KV: width: self.
texture_size[0] + 10 * Metrics.inch will update width when inch changes from
a screen configuration change.
mm: float
The scaling factor that converts from millimeters to pixels.
mm is a AliasProperty containing the factor. E.g in KV: width: self.
texture_size[0] + 10 * Metrics.mm will update width when mm changes from a
pt: float
The scaling factor that converts from points to pixels.
pt is a AliasProperty containing the factor. E.g in KV: width: self.
texture_size[0] + 10 * Metrics.pt will update width when pt changes from a
reset_dpi(*args)
Resets the dpi (and possibly density) to the platform values, overwriting any manually set
values.
reset_metrics()
Resets the dpi/density/fontscale to the platform values, overwriting any manually set val-
ues.
sp: float
The scaling factor that converts from scale-independent pixels to pixels.
sp is a AliasProperty containing the factor. E.g in KV: width: self.
texture_size[0] + 10 * Metrics.sp will update width when sp changes from a
kivy.metrics.cm(value) → float
Convert from centimeters to pixels
kivy.metrics.dp(value) → float
Convert from density-independent pixels to pixels
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kivy.metrics.dpi2px(value, unicode ext) → float
Converts the value according to the ext.
kivy.metrics.inch(value) → float
Convert from inches to pixels
kivy.metrics.mm(value) → float
Convert from millimeters to pixels
kivy.metrics.pt(value) → float
Convert from points to pixels
kivy.metrics.sp(value) → float
Convert from scale-independent pixels to pixels
31.20 Multistroke gesture recognizer

See kivy/examples/demo/multistroke/main.py for a complete application example.
31.20.1 Conceptual Overview
This module implements the Protractor gesture recognition algorithm.

Recognizer is the search/database API similar to GestureDatabase. It maintains a list of
MultistrokeGesture objects and allows you to search for a user-input gestures among them.
ProgressTracker tracks the progress of a Recognizer.recognize() call. It can be used to in-
teract with the running recognizer task, for example forcing it to stop half-way, or analyzing results as
they arrive.
MultistrokeGesture represents a gesture in the gesture database (Recognizer.db). It is a con-
tainer for UnistrokeTemplate objects, and implements the heap permute algorithm to automatically
generate all possible stroke orders (if desired).
UnistrokeTemplate represents a single stroke path. It’s typically instantiated automatically by
MultistrokeGesture, but sometimes you may need to create them manually.
Candidate represents a user-input gesture that is used to search the gesture database for matches. It
is normally instantiated automatically by calling Recognizer.recognize().
31.20.2 Usage examples

You can bind to events on Recognizer to track the state of all calls to Recognizer.recognize().
The callback function will receive an instance of ProgressTracker that can be used to analyze and
control various aspects of the recognition process
264
from kivy.vector import Vector
from kivy.multistroke import Recognizer
gdb = Recognizer()
def search_start(gdb, pt):

print("A search is starting with %d tasks" % (pt.tasks))
def search_stop(gdb, pt):

# This will call max() on the result dictionary, so it's best to store
# it instead of calling it 3 times consecutively
best = pt.best
print("Search ended (%s). Best is %s (score %f, distance %f)" % (
pt.status, best['name'], best['score'], best['dist'] ))
# Bind your callbacks to track all matching operations

gdb.bind(on_search_start=search_start)
gdb.bind(on_search_complete=search_stop)
# The format below is referred to as `strokes`, a list of stroke paths.

# Note that each path shown here consists of two points, ie a straight
# line; if you plot them it looks like a T, hence the name.
gdb.add_gesture('T', [
[Vector(30, 7), Vector(103, 7)],
[Vector(66, 7), Vector(66, 87)]])
# Now you can search for the 'T' gesture using similar data (user input).
# This will trigger both of the callbacks bound above.
gdb.recognize([
[Vector(45, 8), Vector(110, 12)],
[Vector(88, 9), Vector(85, 95)]])
On the next Clock tick, the matching process starts (and, in this case, completes).
To track individual calls to Recognizer.recognize(), use the return value (also a
ProgressTracker instance)
# Same as above, but keep track of progress using returned value

progress = gdb.recognize([
[Vector(45, 8), Vector(110, 12)],
[Vector(88, 9), Vector(85, 95)]])
progress.bind(on_progress=my_other_callback)
print(progress.progress) # = 0
# [ assuming a kivy.clock.Clock.tick() here ]
print(result.progress) # = 1
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31.20.3 Algorithm details
For more information about the matching algorithm, see:

“Protractor: A fast and accurate gesture recognizer” by Yang Li http://yangl.org/pdf/
protractor-chi2010.pdf
“$N-Protractor” by Lisa Anthony and Jacob O. Wobbrock http://depts.washington.edu/aimgroup/
proj/dollar/ndollar-protractor.pdf
Some of the code is derived from the JavaScript implementation here: http://depts.washington.
edu/aimgroup/proj/dollar/ndollar.html
class kivy.multistroke.Candidate(strokes=None, numpoints=16, **kwargs)
Represents a set of unistroke paths of user input, ie data to be matched against a
UnistrokeTemplate object using the Protractor algorithm. By default, data is precomputed
to match both rotation bounded and fully invariant UnistrokeTemplate objects.
Arguments
strokes See MultistrokeGesture.strokes for format example. The Candi-
date strokes are simply combined to a unistroke in the order given. The idea
is that this will match one of the unistroke permutations in MultistrokeGes-
ture.templates.
numpoints The Candidate’s default N; this is only for a fallback, it is not normally
used since n is driven by the UnistrokeTemplate we are being compared to.
skip_bounded If True, do not generate/store rotation bounded vectors
skip_invariant If True, do not generate/store rotation invariant vectors
Note that you WILL get errors if you set a skip-flag and then attempt to retrieve the data.
add_stroke(stroke)
Add a stroke to the candidate; this will invalidate all previously computed vectors
get_angle_similarity(tpl, **kwargs)
(Internal use only) Compute the angle similarity between this Candidate and a
UnistrokeTemplate object. Returns a number that represents the angle similarity (lower is
more similar).
get_protractor_vector(numpoints, orientation_sens)
(Internal use only) Return vector for comparing to a UnistrokeTemplate with Protractor
get_start_unit_vector(numpoints, orientation_sens)
(Internal use only) Get the start vector for this Candidate, with the path resampled to num-
points points. This is the first step in the matching process. It is compared to a UnistrokeTem-
plate object’s start vector to determine angle similarity.
prepare(numpoints=None)
Prepare the Candidate vectors. self.strokes is combined to a single unistroke (connected end-
to-end), resampled to numpoints points, and then the vectors are calculated and stored in
self.db (for use by get_distance and get_angle_similarity)
class kivy.multistroke.MultistrokeGesture(name, strokes=None, **kwargs)
MultistrokeGesture represents a gesture. It maintains a set of strokes and generates unistroke
(ie UnistrokeTemplate) permutations that are used for evaluating candidates against this ges-
ture later.
266
Arguments
name Identifies the name of the gesture - it is returned to you in the results of
a Recognizer.recognize() search. You can have any number of Multi-
strokeGesture objects with the same name; many definitions of one gesture.
The same name is given to all the generated unistroke permutations. Required,
no default.
strokes A list of paths that represents the gesture. A path is a list of Vector objects:
gesture = MultistrokeGesture('my_gesture', strokes=[

[Vector(x1, y1), Vector(x2, y2), ...... ], # stroke 1
[Vector(), Vector(), Vector(), Vector() ] # stroke 2
#, [stroke 3], [stroke 4], ...
])
For template matching purposes, all the strokes are combined to a single
list (unistroke). You should still specify the strokes individually, and set
stroke_sensitive True (whenever possible).
Once you do this, unistroke permutations are immediately generated and
stored in self.templates for later, unless you set the permute flag to False.
priority Determines when Recognizer.recognize() will attempt to match
this template, lower priorities are evaluated first (only if a priority filter is used).
You should use lower priority on gestures that are more likely to match. For ex-
ample, set user templates at lower number than generic templates. Default is
100.
numpoints Determines the number of points this gesture should be resampled to
(for matching purposes). The default is 16.
stroke_sensitive Determines if the number of strokes (paths) in this gesture is re-
quired to be the same in the candidate (user input) gesture during matching. If
this is False, candidates will always be evaluated, disregarding the number of
strokes. Default is True.
orientation_sensitive Determines if this gesture is orientation sensitive. If True,
aligns the indicative orientation with the one of eight base orientations that re-
quires least rotation. Default is True.
angle_similarity This is used by the Recognizer.recognize() function when
a candidate is evaluated against this gesture. If the angles between them are too
far off, the template is considered a non-match. Default is 30.0 (degrees)
permute If False, do not use Heap Permute algorithm to generate different stroke
orders when instantiated. If you set this to False, a single UnistrokeTemplate
built from strokes is used.
add_stroke(stroke, permute=False)
Add a stroke to the self.strokes list. If permute is True, the permute() method is called to
generate new unistroke templates
get_distance(cand, tpl, numpoints=None)
Compute the distance from this Candidate to a UnistrokeTemplate. Returns the Cosine dis-
tance between the stroke paths.
numpoints will prepare both the UnistrokeTemplate and Candidate path to n points (when
necessary), you probably don’t want to do this.
267
match_candidate(cand, **kwargs)
Match a given candidate against this MultistrokeGesture object. Will test against all tem-
plates and report results as a list of four items:
index 0 Best matching template’s index (in self.templates)
index 1 Computed distance from the template to the candidate path
index 2 List of distances for all templates. The list index corresponds to a
UnistrokeTemplate index in self.templates.
index 3 Counter for the number of performed matching operations, ie templates
matched against the candidate
permute()
Generate all possible unistroke permutations from self.strokes and save the resulting list of
UnistrokeTemplate objects in self.templates.
Quote from http://faculty.washington.edu/wobbrock/pubs/gi-10.2.pdf
We use Heap Permute [16] (p. 179) to generate all stroke orders
in a multistroke gesture. Then, to generate stroke directions for
each order, we treat each component stroke as a dichotomous
[0,1] variable. There are 2^N combinations for N strokes, so we
convert the decimal values 0 to 2^N-1, inclusive, to binary
representations and regard each bit as indicating forward (0) or
reverse (1). This algorithm is often used to generate truth tables
in propositional logic.
See section 4.1: “$N Algorithm” of the linked paper for details.
Warning: Using heap permute for gestures with more than 3 strokes can result in very
large number of templates (a 9-stroke gesture = 38 million templates). If you are dealing
with these types of gestures, you should manually compose all the desired stroke orders.
class kivy.multistroke.ProgressTracker(candidate, tasks, **kwargs)

Represents an ongoing (or completed) search operation. Instantiated and returned by the
Recognizer.recognize() method when it is called. The results attribute is a dictionary that is
updated as the recognition operation progresses.
Note: You do not need to instantiate this class.
Arguments
candidate Candidate object to be evaluated
tasks Total number of gestures in tasklist (to test against)
Events
on_progress Fired for every gesture that is processed
on_result Fired when a new result is added, and it is the first match for the name so
far, or a consecutive match with better score.
on_complete Fired when the search is completed, for whatever reason. (use Pro-
gressTracker.status to find out)
268
Attributes
results A dictionary of all results (so far). The key is the name of
the gesture (ie UnistrokeTemplate.name usually inherited from
MultistrokeGesture). Each item in the dictionary is a dict with the
following entries:
name Name of the matched template (redundant)
score Computed score from 1.0 (perfect match) to 0.0
dist Cosine distance from candidate to template (low=closer)
gesture The MultistrokeGesture object that was matched
best_template Index of the best matching template (in
MultistrokeGesture.templates)
template_results List of distances for all templates. The list index corre-
sponds to a UnistrokeTemplate index in gesture.templates.
status
search Currently working
stop Was stopped by the user (stop() called)
timeout A timeout occurred (specified as timeout= to recognize())
goodscore The search was stopped early because a gesture with a high enough
score was found (specified as goodscore= to recognize())
complete The search is complete (all gestures matching filters were tested)
property best
Return the best match found by recognize() so far. It returns a dictionary with three keys,
‘name’, ‘dist’ and ‘score’ representing the template’s name, distance (from candidate path)
and the computed score value. This is a Python property.
property progress
Returns the progress as a float, 0 is 0% done, 1 is 100%. This is a Python property.
stop()
Raises a stop flag that is checked by the search process. It will be stopped on the next clock
tick (if it is still running).
class kivy.multistroke.Recognizer(**kwargs)
Recognizer provides a gesture database with matching facilities.
Events
on_search_start Fired when a new search is started using this Recognizer.
on_search_complete Fired when a running search ends, for whatever reason. (use
ProgressTracker.status to find out)
Properties
db A ListProperty that contains the available MultistrokeGesture objects.
db is a ListProperty and defaults to []
269
add_gesture(name, strokes, **kwargs)
Add a new gesture to the database. This will instantiate a new MultistrokeGesture with
strokes and append it to self.db.
Note: If you already have instantiated a MultistrokeGesture object and wish to add it,
append it to Recognizer.db manually.
export_gesture(filename=None, **kwargs)
Export a list of MultistrokeGesture objects. Outputs a base64-encoded string that can
be decoded to a Python list with the parse_gesture() function or imported directly to
self.db using Recognizer.import_gesture(). If filename is specified, the output is
written to disk, otherwise returned.
This method accepts optional Recognizer.filter() arguments.
filter(**kwargs)
filter() returns a subset of objects in self.db, according to given criteria. This is
used by many other methods of the Recognizer; the arguments below can for example
be used when calling Recognizer.recognize() or Recognizer.export_gesture().
You normally don’t need to call this directly.
Arguments
name Limits the returned list to gestures where MultistrokeGesture.name
matches given regular expression(s). If re.match(name, MultistrokeGes-
ture.name) tests true, the gesture is included in the returned list. Can be a
string or an array of strings
gdb = Recognizer()
# Will match all names that start with a capital N

# (ie Next, New, N, Nebraska etc, but not "n" or "next")
gdb.filter(name='N')
# exactly 'N'
gdb.filter(name='N$')
# Nebraska, teletubbies, France, fraggle, N, n, etc

gdb.filter(name=['[Nn]', '(?i)T', '(?i)F'])
priority Limits the returned list to gestures with certain

MultistrokeGesture.priority values. If specified as an integer,
only gestures with a lower priority are returned. If specified as a list
(min/max)
# Max priority 50
gdb.filter(priority=50)
# Max priority 50 (same result as above)

gdb.filter(priority=[0, 50])
# Min priority 50, max 100

gdb.filter(priority=[50, 100])
When this option is used, Recognizer.db is automatically sorted according

to priority, incurring extra cost. You can use force_priority_sort to override this
behavior if your gestures are already sorted according to priority.
270
orientation_sensitive Limits the returned list to gestures that are orientation
sensitive (True), gestures that are not orientation sensitive (False) or None (ig-
nore template sensitivity, this is the default).
numstrokes Limits the returned list to gestures that have the specified number
of strokes (in MultistrokeGesture.strokes). Can be a single integer or
a list of integers.
numpoints Limits the returned list to gestures that have specific
MultistrokeGesture.numpoints values. This is provided for flexi-
bility, do not use it unless you understand what it does. Can be a single
integer or a list of integers.
force_priority_sort Can be used to override the default sort behavior. Normally
MultistrokeGesture objects are returned in priority order if the priority
option is used. Setting this to True will return gestures sorted in priority or-
der, False will return in the order gestures were added. None means decide
automatically (the default).
Note: For improved performance, you can load your gesture database in
priority order and set this to False when calling Recognizer.recognize()
db Can be set if you want to filter a different list of objects than Recognizer.
db. You probably don’t want to do this; it is used internally by
import_gesture().
import_gesture(data=None, filename=None, **kwargs)
Import a list of gestures as formatted by export_gesture(). One of data or filename must
be specified.
This method accepts optional Recognizer.filter() arguments, if none are specified
then all gestures in specified data are imported.
parse_gesture(data)
Parse data formatted by export_gesture(). Returns a list of MultistrokeGesture objects.
This is used internally by import_gesture(), you normally don’t need to call this directly.
prepare_templates(**kwargs)
This method is used to prepare UnistrokeTemplate objects within the gestures in self.db.
This is useful if you want to minimize punishment of lazy resampling by preparing all vec-
tors in advance. If you do this before a call to Recognizer.export_gesture(), you will
have the vectors computed when you load the data later.
force_numpoints, if specified, will prepare all templates to the given number of points (instead
of each template’s preferred n; ie UnistrokeTemplate.numpoints). You normally don’t
want to do this.
recognize(strokes, goodscore=None, timeout=0, delay=0, **kwargs)
Search for gestures matching strokes. Returns a ProgressTracker instance.
Arguments
strokes A list of stroke paths (list of lists of Vector objects) that will be matched
against gestures in the database. Can also be a Candidate instance.
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Warning: If you manually supply a Candidate that has a skip-flag, make
sure that the correct filter arguments are set. Otherwise the system will at-
tempt to load vectors that have not been computed. For example, if you set
skip_bounded and do not set orientation_sensitive to False, it will raise an ex-
ception if an orientation_sensitive UnistrokeTemplate is encountered.
goodscore If this is set (between 0.0 - 1.0) and a gesture score is equal to or
higher than the specified value, the search is immediately halted and the
on_search_complete event is fired (+ the on_complete event of the associated
ProgressTracker instance). Default is None (disabled).
timeout Specifies a timeout (in seconds) for when the search is aborted and the
results returned. This option applies only when max_gpf is not 0. Default
value is 0, meaning all gestures in the database will be tested, no matter how
long it takes.
max_gpf Specifies the maximum number of MultistrokeGesture objects
that can be processed per frame. When exceeded, will cause the search to
halt and resume work in the next frame. Setting to 0 will complete the search
immediately (and block the UI).
Warning: This does not limit the number of UnistrokeTemplate ob-

jects matched! If a single gesture has a million templates, they will all be
processed in a single frame with max_gpf=1!
delay Sets an optional delay between each run of the recognizer loop. Normally,
a run is scheduled for the next frame until the tasklist is exhausted. If you set
this, there will be an additional delay between each run (specified in seconds).
Default is 0, resume in the next frame.
force_numpoints forces all templates (and candidate) to be prepared to a cer-
tain number of points. This can be useful for example if you are evaluating
templates for optimal n (do not use this unless you understand what it does).
transfer_gesture(tgt, **kwargs)
Transfers MultistrokeGesture objects from Recognizer.db to another Recognizer
instance tgt.
class kivy.multistroke.UnistrokeTemplate(name, points=None, **kwargs)
Represents a (uni)stroke path as a list of Vectors. Normally, this class is instantiated by Multi-
strokeGesture and not by the programmer directly. However, it is possible to manually compose
UnistrokeTemplate objects.
Arguments
name Identifies the name of the gesture. This is normally inherited from the parent
MultistrokeGesture object when a template is generated.
points A list of points that represents a unistroke path. This is normally one of the
possible stroke order permutations from a MultistrokeGesture.
numpoints The number of points this template should (ideally) be resampled to
before the matching process. The default is 16, but you can use a template-
specific settings if that improves results.
272
orientation_sensitive Determines if this template is orientation sensitive (True) or
fully rotation invariant (False). The default is True.
Note: You will get an exception if you set a skip-flag and then attempt to retrieve those vectors.
add_point(p)
Add a point to the unistroke/path. This invalidates all previously computed vectors.
prepare(numpoints=None)
This function prepares the UnistrokeTemplate for matching given a target number of points
(for resample). 16 is optimal.
31.21 Parser utilities
Helper functions used for CSS parsing.

kivy.parser.parse_bool(text)
Parse a string to a boolean, ignoring case. “true”/”1” is True, “false”/”0” is False. Anything else
throws an exception.
kivy.parser.parse_color(text)
Parse a string to a kivy color. Supported formats:
• rgb(r, g, b)
• rgba(r, g, b, a)
• rgb
• rgba
• rrggbb
• rrggbbaa
For hexadecimal values, you case also use:
• #rgb
• #rgba
• #rrggbb
• #rrggbbaa
kivy.parser.parse_filename(filename)
Parse a filename and search for it using resource_find(). If found, the resource path is returned,
otherwise return the unmodified filename (as specified by the caller).
kivy.parser.parse_float
alias of float
kivy.parser.parse_float4(text)
Parse a string to a list of exactly 4 floats.
>>> parse_float4('54 87. 35 0')

54, 87., 35, 0
kivy.parser.parse_int
alias of int
273
kivy.parser.parse_int2(text)
Parse a string to a list of exactly 2 integers.
>>> print(parse_int2("12 54"))

12, 54
kivy.parser.parse_string(text)
Parse a string to a string (removing single and double quotes).
31.22 Properties
The Properties classes are used when you create an EventDispatcher.
Warning: Kivy’s Properties are not to be confused with Python’s properties (i.e. the @property
decorator and the <property> type).
Kivy’s property classes support:

Value Checking / Validation When you assign a new value to a property, the value
is checked against validation constraints. For example, validation for an
OptionProperty will make sure that the value is in a predefined list of possibili-
ties. Validation for a NumericProperty will check that your value is a numeric type.
This prevents many errors early on.
Observer Pattern You can specify what should happen when a property’s value changes.
You can bind your own function as a callback to changes of a Property. If, for exam-
ple, you want a piece of code to be called when a widget’s pos property changes, you
can bind a function to it.
Better Memory Management The same instance of a property is shared across multiple
widget instances.
31.22.1 Comparison Python vs. Kivy
Basic example
Let’s compare Python and Kivy properties by creating a Python class with ‘a’ as a float property:
def __init__(self, a=1.0):
self.a = a
With Kivy, you can do:
a = NumericProperty(1.0)
274
Depth being tracked
Only the “top level” of a nested object is being tracked. For example:
my_list_prop = ListProperty([1, {'hi': 0}])

# Changing a top level element will trigger all òn_my_list_prop` callbacks
my_list_prop[0] = 4
# Changing a deeper element will be ignored by all òn_my_list_prop`
,→callbacks
my_list_prop[1]['hi'] = 4
The same holds true for all container-type kivy properties.
Value checking
If you wanted to add a check for a minimum / maximum value allowed for a property, here is a possible
implementation in Python:
def __init__(self, a=1):
self.a_min = 0
self.a_max = 100
self.a = a
def _get_a(self):
return self._a
def set_a(self, value):
_
if value < self.a_min or value > self.a_max:
raise ValueError('a out of bounds')
self._a = value
a = property(_get_a, _set_a)
The disadvantage is you have to do that work yourself. And it becomes laborious and complex if you
have many properties. With Kivy, you can simplify the process:
a = BoundedNumericProperty(1, min=0, max=100)
That’s all!
Error Handling
If setting a value would otherwise raise a ValueError, you have two options to handle the error grace-
fully within the property. The first option is to use an errorvalue parameter. An errorvalue is a substitute
for the invalid value:
# simply returns 0 if the value exceeds the bounds

bnp = BoundedNumericProperty(0, min=-500, max=500, errorvalue=0)
The second option in to use an errorhandler parameter. An errorhandler is a callable (single argument
function or lambda) which can return a valid substitute:
275
# returns the boundary value when exceeded
bnp = BoundedNumericProperty(0, min=-500, max=500,
errorhandler=lambda x: 500 if x > 500 else -500)
Keyword arguments and __init__()
When working with inheritance, namely with the __init__() of an object that inherits from
EventDispatcher e.g. a Widget, the properties protect you from a Python 3 object error. This error
occurs when passing kwargs to the object instance through a super() call:
super(MyClass, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.my_string = kwargs.get('my_string')
print(MyClass(my_string='value').my_string)
While this error is silenced in Python 2, it will stop the application in Python 3 with:
TypeError: object.__init__() takes no parameters
Logically, to fix that you’d either put my_string directly in the __init__() definition as a required argu-
ment or as an optional keyword argument with a default value i.e.:
def __init__(self, my_string, **kwargs):
self.my_string = my_string
or:
def __init__(self, my_string='default', **kwargs):
self.my_string = my_string
Alternatively, you could pop the key-value pair from the kwargs dictionary before calling super():
self.my_string = kwargs.pop('my_string')
Kivy properties are more flexible and do the required kwargs.pop() in the background automatically
(within the super() call to EventDispatcher) to prevent this distraction:
my_string = StringProperty('default')
print(MyClass(my_string='value').my_string)
276
Conclusion
Kivy properties are easier to use than the standard ones. See the next chapter for examples of how to
use them :)
31.22.2 Observe Property changes
As we said in the beginning, Kivy’s Properties implement the Observer pattern. That means you can
bind() to a property and have your own function called when the value changes.
There are multiple ways to observe the changes.
Observe using bind()
You can observe a property change by using the bind() method outside of the class:
a = NumericProperty(1)
def callback(instance, value):

print('My callback is call from', instance)
print('and the a value changed to', value)
ins = MyClass()
ins.bind(a=callback)
# At this point, any change to the a property will call your callback.
ins.a = 5 # callback called
ins.a = 5 # callback not called, because the value did not change
ins.a = -1 # callback called
Note: Property objects live at the class level and manage the values attached to instances. Re-assigning
at class level will remove the Property. For example, continuing with the code above, MyClass.a = 5
replaces the property object with a simple int.
Observe using ‘on_<propname>’
If you defined the class yourself, you can use the ‘on_<propname>’ callback:
a = NumericProperty(1)
def on_a(self, instance, value):

print('My property a changed to', value)
Warning: Be careful with ‘on_<propname>’. If you are creating such a callback on a property you
are inheriting, you must not forget to call the superclass function too.
277
31.22.3 Binding to properties of properties.
When binding to a property of a property, for example binding to a numeric property of an object saved
in a object property, updating the object property to point to a new object will not re-bind the numeric
property to the new object. For example:
<MyWidget>:
Label:
id: first
text: 'First label'
Label:
id: second
text: 'Second label'
Button:
label: first
text: self.label.text
on_press: self.label = second
When clicking on the button, although the label object property has changed to the second widget, the
button text will not change because it is bound to the text property of the first label directly.
In 1.9.0, the rebind option has been introduced that will allow the automatic updating of the text
when label is changed, provided it was enabled. See ObjectProperty.
class kivy.properties.AliasProperty(getter, setter=None, rebind=False,
watch_before_use=True, **kwargs)
Bases: kivy.properties.Property
If you don’t find a Property class that fits to your needs, you can make your own by creating
custom Python getter and setter methods.
Example from kivy/uix/widget.py where x and width are instances of NumericProperty:
def get_right(self):
return self.x + self.width
def set_right(self, value):
self.x = value - self.width
right = AliasProperty(get_right, set_right, bind=['x', 'width'])
If x were a non Kivy property then you have to return True from setter to dispatch new value of
right:
def set_right(self, value):

self.x = value - self.width
return True
Usually bind list should contain all Kivy properties used in getter method. If you return True it
will cause a dispatch which one should do when the property value has changed, but keep in
mind that the property could already have dispatched the changed value if a kivy property the
alias property is bound was set in the setter, causing a second dispatch if the setter returns True.
If you want to cache the value returned by getter then pass cache=True. This way getter will only
be called if new value is set or one of the binded properties changes. In both cases new value of
alias property will be cached again.
To make property readonly pass None as setter. This way AttributeError will be raised on every set
attempt:
278
right = AliasProperty(get_right, None, bind=['x', 'width'], cache=True)
Parameters
getter: function Function to use as a property getter.
setter: function Function to use as a property setter. Callbacks bound to the alias
property won’t be called when the property is set (e.g. right = 10), unless the
setter returns True.
bind: list/tuple Properties to observe for changes as property name strings. Chang-
ing values of this properties will dispatch value of the alias property.
cache: boolean If True, the value will be cached until one of the binded elements
changes or if setter returns True.
rebind: bool, defaults to False See ObjectProperty for details.
watch_before_use: bool, defaults to True Whether the bind properties are
tracked (bound) before this property is used in any way.
By default, the getter is called if the bind properties update or if the property
value (unless cached) is read. As an optimization to speed up widget creation,
when watch_before_use is False, we only track the bound properties once
this property is used in any way (i.e. it is bound, it was set/read, etc).
The property value read/set/bound will be correct as expected in both cases.
The difference is only that when False, any side effects from the getter
would not occur until this property is interacted with in any way because the
getter won’t be called early.
Changed in version 1.9.0: rebind has been introduced.

Changed in version 1.4.0: Parameter cache added.
get(EventDispatcher obj)
link_deps(EventDispatcher obj, unicode name)
link_eagerly(EventDispatcher obj) → PropertyStorage
rebind
rebind: ‘int’
set(EventDispatcher obj, value)
trigger_change(EventDispatcher obj, value)
class kivy.properties.BooleanProperty(defaultvalue=True, **kw)

Parameters
defaultvalue: boolean Specifies the default value of the property.
class kivy.properties.BoundedNumericProperty(*largs, **kw)
maximum bound – within a numeric range.
Parameters
default: numeric Specifies the default value of the property.
279
**kwargs: a list of keyword arguments If a min parameter is included, this speci-
fies the minimum numeric value that will be accepted. If a max parameter is
included, this specifies the maximum numeric value that will be accepted.
bounds
Return min/max of the value.
get_max(EventDispatcher obj)
Return the maximum value acceptable for the BoundedNumericProperty in obj. Return None
if no maximum value is set. Check get_min for a usage example.
get_min(EventDispatcher obj)
Return the minimum value acceptable for the BoundedNumericProperty in obj. Return None
if no minimum value is set:
number = BoundedNumericProperty(0, min=-5, max=5)
widget = MyWidget()
print(widget.property('number').get_min(widget))
# will output -5

set_max(EventDispatcher obj, value)
Change the maximum value acceptable for the BoundedNumericProperty, only for the obj
instance. Set to None if you want to disable it. Check set_min for a usage example.
Warning: Changing the bounds doesn’t revalidate the current value.

set_min(EventDispatcher obj, value)
Change the minimum value acceptable for the BoundedNumericProperty, only for the obj
instance. Set to None if you want to disable it:
number = BoundedNumericProperty(0, min=-5, max=5)
widget = MyWidget()
# change the minimum to -10
widget.property('number').set_min(widget, -10)
# or disable the minimum check
widget.property('number').set_min(widget, None)
Warning: Changing the bounds doesn’t revalidate the current value.

class kivy.properties.ColorProperty(defaultvalue=0, **kw)
280
• a collection of 3 or 4 float values between 0-1 (kivy default)
• a string in the format #rrggbb or #rrggbbaa
• a string representing color name (eg. ‘red’, ‘yellow’, ‘green’)
Object colormap is used to retrieve color from color name and names definitions can be found at
this link. Color can be assigned in different formats, but it will be returned as ObservableList
of 4 float elements with values between 0-1.
Parameters
defaultvalue: list or string, defaults to [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] Specifies the default value
of the property.
Changed in version 2.0.0: Color value will be dispatched when set through indexing or slicing,
but when setting with slice you must ensure that slice has 4 components with float values between
0-1. Assingning color name as value is now supported. Value None is allowed as default value for
property.
class kivy.properties.ConfigParserProperty(defaultvalue, section, key, config, **kw)
of a ConfigParser as well as to bind the ConfigParser values to other properties.
A ConfigParser is composed of sections, where each section has a number of keys and values
associated with these keys. ConfigParserProperty lets you automatically listen to and change the
values of specified keys based on other kivy properties.
For example, say we want to have a TextInput automatically write its value, represented as an
int, in the info section of a ConfigParser. Also, the textinputs should update its values from the
ConfigParser’s fields. Finally, their values should be displayed in a label. In py:
class Info(Label):
number = ConfigParserProperty(0, 'info', 'number', 'example',

val_type=int, errorvalue=41)
def __init__(self, **kw):

super(Info, self).__init__(**kw)
config = ConfigParser(name='example')
The above code creates a property that is connected to the number key in the info section of the
ConfigParser named example. Initially, this ConfigParser doesn’t exist. Then, in __init__, a Config-
Parser is created with name example, which is then automatically linked with this property. then
in kv:
BoxLayout:
TextInput:
id: number
text: str(info.number)
Info:
id: info
number: number.text
text: 'Number: {}'.format(self.number)
You’ll notice that we have to do text: str(info.number), this is because the value of this property is
always an int, because we specified int as the val_type. However, we can assign anything to the
281
property, e.g. number: number.text which assigns a string, because it is instantly converted with
the val_type callback.
Note: If a file has been opened for this ConfigParser using read(), then write() will be called
every property change, keeping the file updated.
Warning: It is recommend that the config parser object be assigned to the property after
the kv tree has been constructed (e.g. schedule on next frame from init). This is because the
kv tree and its properties, when constructed, are evaluated on its own order, therefore, any
initial values in the parser might be overwritten by objects it’s bound to. So in the example
above, the TextInput might be initially empty, and if number: number.text is evaluated before
text: str(info.number), the config value will be overwritten with the (empty) text value.
Parameters
default: object type Specifies the default value for the key. If the parser associated
with this property doesn’t have this section or key, it’ll be created with the cur-
rent value, which is the default value initially.
section: string type The section in the ConfigParser where the key / value will be
written. Must be provided. If the section doesn’t exist, it’ll be created.
key: string type The key in section section where the value will be written to. Must
be provided. If the key doesn’t exist, it’ll be created and the current value writ-
ten to it, otherwise its value will be used.
config: string or ConfigParser instance. The ConfigParser instance to associate
with this property if not None. If it’s a string, the ConfigParser instance whose
name is the value of config will be used. If no such parser exists yet, whenever
a ConfigParser with this name is created, it will automatically be linked to this
property.
Whenever a ConfigParser becomes linked with a property, if the section or key
doesn’t exist, the current property value will be used to create that key, other-
wise, the existing key value will be used for the property value; overwriting its
current value. You can change the ConfigParser associated with this property
if a string was used here, by changing the name of an existing or new Config-
Parser instance. Or through set_config().
**kwargs: a list of keyword arguments
val_type: a callable object The key values are saved in the ConfigParser as
strings. When the ConfigParser value is read internally and assigned to the
property or when the user changes the property value directly, if val_type is
not None, it will be called with the new value as input and it should return
the value converted to the proper type accepted ny this property. For exam-
ple, if the property represent ints, val_type can simply be int.
If the val_type callback raises a ValueError, errorvalue or errorhandler will be
used if provided. Tip: the getboolean function of the ConfigParser might also
be useful here to convert to a boolean type.
verify: a callable object Can be used to restrict the allowable values of the
property. For every value assigned to the property, if this is specified, ver-
ify is called with the new value, and if it returns True the value is accepted,
otherwise, errorvalue or errorhandler will be used if provided or a ValueError is
raised.
282
set_config(config)
Sets the ConfigParser object to be used by this property. Normally, the ConfigParser is set
when initializing the Property using the config parameter.
Parameters
config: A ConfigParser instance. The instance to use for listening to and sav-
ing property value changes. If None, it disconnects the currently used Config-
Parser.
username = ConfigParserProperty('', 'info', 'name', None)
widget = MyWidget()
widget.property('username').set_config(ConfigParser())
class kivy.properties.DictProperty(defaultvalue=0, rebind=False, **kw)

Parameters
defaultvalue: dict, defaults to {} Specifies the default value of the property.
rebind: bool, defaults to False See ObjectProperty for details.
Warning: Similar to ListProperty, when assigning a dict to a DictProperty, the

dict stored in the property is a shallow copy of the dict and not the original dict. See
ListProperty for details.
link(EventDispatcher obj, unicode name) → PropertyStorage
rebind
rebind: ‘int’
class kivy.properties.ListProperty(defaultvalue=0, **kw)

Parameters
defaultvalue: list, defaults to [] Specifies the default value of the property.
Warning: When assigning a list to a ListProperty, the list stored in the property is a
shallow copy of the list and not the original list. This can be demonstrated with the following
example:
>>> class MyWidget(Widget):
>>> my_list = ListProperty([])
>>> widget = MyWidget()
283
>>> my_list = [1, 5, {'hi': 'hello'}]
>>> widget.my_list = my_list
>>> print(my_list is widget.my_list)
False
>>> my_list.append(10)
>>> print(my_list, widget.my_list)
[1, 5, {'hi': 'hello'}, 10] [1, 5, {'hi': 'hello'}]
However, changes to nested levels will affect the property as well, since the property uses a
shallow copy of my_list.
>>> my_list[2]['hi'] = 'bye'
>>> print(my_list, widget.my_list)
[1, 5, {'hi': 'bye'}, 10] [1, 5, {'hi': 'bye'}]
class kivy.properties.NumericProperty(defaultvalue=0, **kw)

It only accepts the int or float numeric data type or a string that can be converted to a number as
shown below. For other numeric types use ObjectProperty or use errorhandler to convert it to an
int/float.
It does not support numpy numbers so they must be manually converted to int/float. E.g.
widget.num = np.arange(4)[0] will raise an exception. Numpy arrays are not supported
at all, even by ObjectProperty because their comparision does not return a bool. But if you must
use a Kivy property, use a ObjectProperty with comparator set to np.array_equal. E.g.:
>>> class A(EventDispatcher):

... data = ObjectProperty(comparator=np.array_equal)
>>> a = A()
>>> a.bind(data=print)
>>> a.data = np.arange(2)
<__main__.A object at 0x000001C839B50208> [0 1]
>>> a.data = np.arange(3)
<__main__.A object at 0x000001C839B50208> [0 1 2]
Parameters
defaultvalue: int or float, defaults to 0 Specifies the default value of the property.
>>> wid = Widget()

>>> wid.x = 42
>>> print(wid.x)
42
>>> wid.x = "plop"
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "properties.pyx", line 93, in kivy.properties.Property.__set__
File "properties.pyx", line 111, in kivy.properties.Property.set
File "properties.pyx", line 159, in kivy.properties.NumericProperty.
,→check
ValueError: NumericProperty accept only int/float
284
Changed in version 1.4.1: NumericProperty can now accept custom text and tuple value to indi-
cate a type, like “in”, “pt”, “px”, “cm”, “mm”, in the format: ‘10pt’ or (10, ‘pt’).
get_format(EventDispatcher obj)
Return the format used for Numeric calculation. Default is px (mean the value have not been
changed at all). Otherwise, it can be one of ‘in’, ‘pt’, ‘cm’, ‘mm’.
class kivy.properties.ObjectProperty(defaultvalue=None, rebind=False, **kw)
Parameters
defaultvalue: object type Specifies the default value of the property.
rebind: bool, defaults to False Whether kv rules using this object as an interme-
diate attribute in a kv rule, will update the bound property when this object
changes.
That is the standard behavior is that if there’s a kv rule text: self.a.
b.c.d, where a, b, and c are properties with rebind False and d is a
StringProperty. Then when the rule is applied, text becomes bound only
to d. If a, b, or c change, text still remains bound to d. Furthermore, if any of
them were None when the rule was initially evaluated, e.g. b was None; then
text is bound to b and will not become bound to d even when b is changed to
not be None.
By setting rebind to True, however, the rule will be re-evaluated and all the
properties rebound when that intermediate property changes. E.g. in the ex-
ample above, whenever b changes or becomes not None if it was None before,
text is evaluated again and becomes rebound to d. The overall result is that
text is now bound to all the properties among a, b, or c that have rebind set
to True.
**kwargs: a list of keyword arguments
baseclass If kwargs includes a baseclass argument, this value will be used for
validation: isinstance(value, kwargs[‘baseclass’]).
Warning: To mark the property as changed, you must reassign a new python object.

Changed in version 1.7.0: baseclass parameter added.
rebind
rebind: ‘int’
class kivy.properties.OptionProperty(*largs, **kw)
options.
If the string set in the property is not in the list of valid options (passed at property creation time),
a ValueError exception will be raised.
Parameters
default: any valid type in the list of options Specifies the default value of the
property.
**kwargs: a list of keyword arguments Should include an options parameter spec-
ifying a list (not tuple) of valid options.
285
For example:
state = OptionProperty("None", options=["On", "Off", "None"])
options
Return the options available.
class kivy.properties.Property(defaultvalue, **kw)
This class handles all the basic setters and getters, None type handling, the observer list and
storage initialisation. This class should not be directly instantiated.
By default, a Property always takes a default value:
class MyObject(Widget):
hello = Property('Hello world')
The default value must be a value that agrees with the Property type. For example, you can’t set
a list to a StringProperty because the StringProperty will check the default value.
None is a special case: you can set the default value of a Property to None, but you can’t set
None to a property afterward. If you really want to do that, you must declare the Property with
allownone=True:
class MyObject(Widget):
hello = ObjectProperty(None, allownone=True)
# then later
a = MyObject()
a.hello = 'bleh' # working
a.hello = None # working too, because allownone is True.
Parameters
default: Specifies the default value for the property.
**kwargs: If the parameters include errorhandler, this should be a callable which
must take a single argument and return a valid substitute value.
If the parameters include errorvalue, this should be an object. If set, it will replace
an invalid property value (overrides errorhandler).
If the parameters include force_dispatch, it should be a boolean. If True, no value
comparison will be done, so the property event will be dispatched even if the
new value matches the old value (by default identical values are not dispatched
to avoid infinite recursion in two-way binds). Be careful, this is for advanced
use only.
comparator: callable or None When not None, it’s called with two values to
be compared. The function returns whether they are considered the same.
deprecated: bool When True, a warning will be logged if the property is ac-
cessed or set. Defaults to False.
Changed in version 1.4.2: Parameters errorhandler and errorvalue added
286
Changed in version 1.9.0: Parameter force_dispatch added
Changed in version 1.11.0: Parameter deprecated added
bind(EventDispatcher obj, observer)
Add a new observer to be called only when the value is changed.
defaultvalue
defaultvalue: object
dispatch(EventDispatcher obj)
Dispatch the value change to all observers.
Changed in version 1.1.0: The method is now accessible from Python.
This can be used to force the dispatch of the property, even if the value didn’t change:
button = Button()
# get the Property class instance
prop = button.property('text')
# dispatch this property on the button instance
prop.dispatch(button)
Property.fbind(EventDispatcher obj, observer, int ref, tuple largs=

Similar to bind, except it doesn’t check if the observer already exists. It also expands and
forwards largs and kwargs to the callback. funbind or unbind_uid should be called when
unbinding. It returns a unique positive uid to be used with unbind_uid.
Property.funbind(EventDispatcher obj, observer, tuple largs=
Remove the observer from our widget observer list bound with fbind. It removes the first
match it finds, as opposed to unbind which searches for all matches.
Return the value of the property.
Link the instance with its real name.
Warning: Internal usage only.
When a widget is defined and uses a Property class, the creation of the property object
happens, but the instance doesn’t know anything about its name in the widget class:
uid = NumericProperty(0)
In this example, the uid will be a NumericProperty() instance, but the property instance
doesn’t know its name. That’s why link() is used in Widget.__new__. The link function is
also used to create the storage space of the property for this specific widget instance.
link_eagerly(EventDispatcher obj) → PropertyStorage

Set a new value for the property.
set_name(EventDispatcher obj, unicode name)
287
unbind(EventDispatcher obj, observer, int stop_on_first=0)
Remove the observer from our widget observer list.
unbind_uid(EventDispatcher obj, uid)
Remove the observer from our widget observer list bound with fbind using the uid.
class kivy.properties.ReferenceListProperty(*largs, **kw)
For example, if x and y are NumericPropertys, we can create a ReferenceListProperty
for the pos. If you change the value of pos, it will automatically change the values of x and y
accordingly. If you read the value of pos, it will return a tuple with the values of x and y.
For example:
class MyWidget(EventDispatcher):
x = NumericProperty(0)
y = NumericProperty(0)
pos = ReferenceListProperty(x, y)
set(EventDispatcher obj, _value)
setitem(EventDispatcher obj, key, value)
trigger_change(EventDispatcher obj, value)
class kivy.properties.StringProperty(defaultvalue='', **kw)

Parameters
defaultvalue: string, defaults to ‘’ Specifies the default value of the property.
class kivy.properties.VariableListProperty(defaultvalue=None, length=4, **kw)
list items and to expand them to the desired list size.
For example, GridLayout’s padding used to just accept one numeric value which was applied
equally to the left, top, right and bottom of the GridLayout. Now padding can be given one, two
or four values, which are expanded into a length four list [left, top, right, bottom] and stored in
the property.
Parameters
default: a default list of values Specifies the default values for the list.
length: int, one of 2 or 4. Specifies the length of the final list. The default list will be
expanded to match a list of this length.
**kwargs: a list of keyword arguments Not currently used.
Keeping in mind that the default list is expanded to a list of length 4, here are some examples of
how VariableListProperty is handled.
• VariableListProperty([1]) represents [1, 1, 1, 1].
• VariableListProperty([1, 2]) represents [1, 2, 1, 2].
288
• VariableListProperty([‘1px’, (2, ‘px’), 3, 4.0]) represents [1, 2, 3, 4.0].
• VariableListProperty(5) represents [5, 5, 5, 5].
• VariableListProperty(3, length=2) represents [3, 3].
length
length: ‘int’
31.23 Resources management
Resource management can be a pain if you have multiple paths and projects. Kivy offers 2 functions for
searching for specific resources across a list of paths.
31.23.1 Resource lookup
When Kivy looks for a resource e.g. an image or a kv file, it searches through a predeter-
mined set of folders. You can modify this folder list using the resource_add_path() and
resource_remove_path() functions.
31.23.2 Customizing Kivy
These functions can also be helpful if you want to replace standard Kivy resources with your own. For
example, if you wish to customize or re-style Kivy, you can force your style.kv or data/defaulttheme-0.png
files to be used in preference to the defaults simply by adding the path to your preferred alternatives
via the resource_add_path() method.
As almost all Kivy resources are looked up using the resource_find(), so you can use this approach
to add fonts and keyboard layouts and to replace images and icons.
kivy.resources.resource_add_path(path)
Add a custom path to search in.
kivy.resources.resource_find(filename, use_cache=False)
Search for a resource in the list of paths. Use resource_add_path to add a custom path to the
search. By default, results are cached for 60 seconds. This can be disabled using use_cache=False.
Changed in version 2.1.0: use_cache parameter added and made True by default.
kivy.resources.resource_remove_path(path)
Remove a search path.
289
31.24 Support
Activate other frameworks/toolkits inside the kivy event loop.

kivy.support.install_android()
Install hooks for the android platform.
• Automatically sleep when the device is paused.
• Automatically kill the application when the return key is pressed.
kivy.support.install_gobject_iteration()
Import and install gobject context iteration inside our event loop. This is used as soon as gobject
is used (like gstreamer).
kivy.support.install_twisted_reactor(**kwargs)
Installs a threaded twisted reactor, which will schedule one reactor iteration before the next frame
only when twisted needs to do some work.
Any arguments or keyword arguments passed to this function will be passed on the the threaded-
select reactors interleave function. These are the arguments one would usually pass to twisted’s
reactor.startRunning.
Unlike the default twisted reactor, the installed reactor will not handle any signals unless you set
the ‘installSignalHandlers’ keyword argument to 1 explicitly. This is done to allow kivy to handle
the signals as usual unless you specifically want the twisted reactor to handle the signals (e.g.
SIGINT).
Note: Twisted is not included in iOS build by default. To use it on iOS, put the twisted distribu-
tion (and zope.interface dependency) in your application directory.
kivy.support.uninstall_twisted_reactor()
Uninstalls the Kivy’s threaded Twisted Reactor. No more Twisted tasks will run after this got
called. Use this to clean the twisted.internet.reactor .
31.25 Utils
The Utils module provides a selection of general utility functions and classes that may be useful for
various applications. These include maths, color, algebraic and platform functions.
Changed in version 1.6.0: The OrderedDict class has been removed. Use collections.OrderedDict in-
stead.
class kivy.utils.QueryDict
QueryDict is a dict() that can be queried with dot.
d = QueryDict()
# create a key named toto, with the value 1
d.toto = 1
# it's the same as
d['toto'] = 1
290
class kivy.utils.SafeList(*args, **kwargs)
Bases: builtins.list
List with a clear() method.
Warning: Usage of the iterate() function will decrease your performance.
clear()
Remove all items from list.
kivy.utils.boundary(value, minvalue, maxvalue)
Limit a value between a minvalue and maxvalue.
kivy.utils.deprecated(func=None, msg='')
This is a decorator which can be used to mark functions as deprecated. It will result in a warning
being emitted the first time the function is used.
kivy.utils.difference(set1, set2)
Return the difference between 2 lists.
kivy.utils.escape_markup(text)
Escape markup characters found in the text. Intended to be used when markup text is activated
on the Label:
untrusted_text = escape_markup('Look at the example [1]')

text = '[color=ff0000]' + untrusted_text + '[/color]'
w = Label(text=text, markup=True)

kivy.utils.get_color_from_hex(s)
Transform a hex string color to a kivy Color.
kivy.utils.get_hex_from_color(color)
Transform a kivy Color to a hex value:
>>> get_hex_from_color((0, 1, 0))

'#00ff00'
>>> get_hex_from_color((.25, .77, .90, .5))
'#3fc4e57f'

kivy.utils.get_random_color(alpha=1.0)
Returns a random color (4 tuple).
Parameters
alpha: float, defaults to 1.0 If alpha == ‘random’, a random alpha value is gener-
ated.
kivy.utils.interpolate(value_from, value_to, step=10)
Interpolate between two values. This can be useful for smoothing some transitions. For example:
# instead of setting directly

self.pos = pos
291
# use interpolate, and you'll have a nicer transition
self.pos = interpolate(self.pos, new_pos)
Warning: These interpolations work only on lists/tuples/doubles with the same dimensions.
No test is done to check the dimensions are the same.
kivy.utils.intersection(set1, set2)
Return the intersection of 2 lists.
kivy.utils.is_color_transparent(c)
Return True if the alpha channel is 0.
kivy.utils.platform = 'linux'
A string identifying the current operating system. It is one of: ‘win’, ‘linux’, ‘android’, ‘macosx’, ‘ios’
or ‘unknown’. You can use it as follows:
from kivy.utils import platform

if platform == 'linux':
do_linux_things()

Changed in version 1.8.0: platform is now a variable instead of a function.
class kivy.utils.reify(func)
Put the result of a method which uses this (non-data) descriptor decorator in the instance dict
after the first call, effectively replacing the decorator with an instance variable.
It acts like @property, except that the function is only ever called once; after that, the value is
cached as a regular attribute. This gives you lazy attribute creation on objects that are meant to be
immutable.
Taken from the Pyramid project.
To use this as a decorator:
@reify
def lazy(self):
...
return hard_to_compute_int
first_time = self.lazy # lazy is reify obj, reify.__get__() runs
second time = self.lazy # lazy is hard_to_compute_int
_
kivy.utils.rgba(s, *args)
Return a Kivy color (4 value from 0-1 range) from either a hex string or a list of 0-255 values.
kivy.utils.strtotuple(s)
Convert a tuple string into a tuple with some security checks. Designed to be used with the eval()
function:
a = (12, 54, 68)

b = str(a) # return '(12, 54, 68)'
c = strtotuple(b) # return (12, 54, 68)
292
31.26 Vector
The Vector represents a 2D vector (x, y). Our implementation is built on top of a Python list.
An example of constructing a Vector:
>>> # Construct a point at 82,34

>>> v = Vector(82, 34)
>>> v[0]
82
>>> v.x
82
>>> v[1]
34
>>> v.y
34
>>> # Construct by giving a list of 2 values

>>> pos = (93, 45)
>>> v = Vector(pos)
>>> v[0]
93
>>> v.x
93
>>> v[1]
45
>>> v.y
45
31.26.1 Optimized usage
Most of the time, you can use a list for arguments instead of using a Vector. For example, if you want to
calculate the distance between 2 points:
a = (10, 10)
b = (87, 34)
# optimized method
print('distance between a and b:', Vector(a).distance(b))
# non-optimized method
va = Vector(a)
vb = Vector(b)
print('distance between a and b:', va.distance(vb))
293
31.26.2 Vector operators
The Vector supports some numeric operators such as +, -, /:
>>> Vector(1, 1) + Vector(9, 5)

[10, 6]
>>> Vector(9, 5) - Vector(5, 5)

[4, 0]
>>> Vector(10, 10) / Vector(2., 4.)

[5.0, 2.5]
>>> Vector(10, 10) / 5.

[2.0, 2.0]
You can also use in-place operators:
>>> v = Vector(1, 1)
>>> v += 2
>>> v
[3, 3]
>>> v *= 5
[15, 15]
>>> v /= 2.
[7.5, 7.5]
class kivy.vector.Vector(*largs)
Bases: builtins.list
Vector class. See module documentation for more information.
angle(a)
Computes the angle between a and b, and returns the angle in degrees.
>>> Vector(100, 0).angle((0, 100))

-90.0
>>> Vector(87, 23).angle((-77, 10))
-157.7920283010705
distance(to)
Returns the distance between two points.
>>> Vector(10, 10).distance((5, 10))

5.
>>> a = (90, 33)
>>> b = (76, 34)
>>> Vector(a).distance(b)
14.035668847618199
distance2(to)
Returns the distance between two points squared.
>>> Vector(10, 10).distance2((5, 10))

25
294
dot(a)
Computes the dot product of a and b.
>>> Vector(2, 4).dot((2, 2))

12
static in_bbox(point, a, b)
Return True if point is in the bounding box defined by a and b.
>>> bmin = (0, 0)

>>> bmax = (100, 100)
>>> Vector.in_bbox((50, 50), bmin, bmax)
True
>>> Vector.in_bbox((647, -10), bmin, bmax)
False
length()
Returns the length of a vector.
>>> Vector(10, 10).length()

14.142135623730951
>>> pos = (10, 10)
>>> Vector(pos).length()
14.142135623730951
length2()
Returns the length of a vector squared.
>>> Vector(10, 10).length2()

200
>>> pos = (10, 10)
>>> Vector(pos).length2()
200
static line_intersection(v1, v2, v3, v4)

Finds the intersection point between the lines (1)v1->v2 and (2)v3->v4 and returns it as a
vector object.
>>> a = (98, 28)

>>> b = (72, 33)
>>> c = (10, -5)
>>> d = (20, 88)
>>> Vector.line_intersection(a, b, c, d)
[15.25931928687196, 43.911669367909241]
Warning: This is a line intersection method, not a segment intersection.
For math see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line-line_intersection

normalize()
Returns a new vector that has the same direction as vec, but has a length of one.
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>>> v = Vector(88, 33).normalize()
>>> v
[0.93632917756904444, 0.3511234415883917]
>>> v.length()
1.0
rotate(angle)
Rotate the vector with an angle in degrees.
>>> v = Vector(100, 0)
>>> v.rotate(45)
[70.71067811865476, 70.71067811865474]
static segment_intersection(v1, v2, v3, v4)

Finds the intersection point between segments (1)v1->v2 and (2)v3->v4 and returns it as a
vector object.
>>> a = (98, 28)

>>> b = (72, 33)
>>> c = (10, -5)
>>> d = (20, 88)
>>> Vector.segment_intersection(a, b, c, d)
None
>>> a = (0, 0)
>>> b = (10, 10)
>>> c = (0, 10)
>>> d = (10, 0)
>>> Vector.segment_intersection(a, b, c, d)
[5, 5]
property x
x represents the first element in the list.
>>> v = Vector(12, 23)

>>> v[0]
12
>>> v.x
12
property y
y represents the second element in the list.
>>> v = Vector(12, 23)

>>> v[1]
23
>>> v.y
23
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31.27 Weak Method
The WeakMethod is used by the Clock class to allow references to a bound method that permits the
associated object to be garbage collected. Please refer to examples/core/clock_method.py for more informa-
tion.
This WeakMethod class is taken from the recipe http://code.activestate.com/recipes/81253/, based on
the nicodemus version. Many thanks nicodemus!
class kivy.weakmethod.WeakMethod(method)
Implementation of a weakref for functions and bound methods.
is_dead()
Returns True if the referenced callable was a bound method and the instance no longer exists.
Otherwise, return False.
31.28 Weak Proxy
In order to allow garbage collection, the weak proxy provides weak references to objects. It effectively
enhances the weakref.proxy by adding comparison support.
class kivy.weakproxy.WeakProxy(obj, destructor=None)
Replacement for weakref.proxy to support comparisons
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298
CHAPTER
THIRTYTWO
CORE ABSTRACTION
This module defines the abstraction layers for our core providers and their implementations. For further
information, please refer to Architectural Overview and the Core Providers and Input Providers section of
the documentation.
In most cases, you shouldn’t directly use a library that’s already covered by the core abstraction. Always
try to use our providers first. In case we are missing a feature or method, please let us know by opening
a new Bug report instead of relying on your library.
Warning: These are not widgets! These are just abstractions of the respective functionality. For
example, you cannot add a core image to your window. You have to use the image widget class
instead. If you’re really looking for widgets, please refer to kivy.uix instead.
exception kivy.core.CoreCriticalException
Bases: Exception
32.1 Audio
Load an audio sound and play it with:
from kivy.core.audio import SoundLoader
sound = SoundLoader.load('mytest.wav')
if sound:
print("Sound found at %s" % sound.source)
print("Sound is %.3f seconds" % sound.length)
sound.play()
You should not use the Sound class directly. The class returned by SoundLoader.load() will be the
best sound provider for that particular file type, so it might return different Sound classes depending
the file type.
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32.1.1 Event dispatching and state changes
Audio is often processed in parallel to your code. This means you often need to enter the Kivy
eventloop in order to allow events and state changes to be dispatched correctly.
You seldom need to worry about this as Kivy apps typically always require this event loop for the
GUI to remain responsive, but it is good to keep this in mind when debugging or running in a REPL
(Read-eval-print loop).
Changed in version 1.10.0: The pygst and gi providers have been removed.
Changed in version 1.8.0: There are now 2 distinct Gstreamer implementations: one using Gi/Gst
working for both Python 2+3 with Gstreamer 1.0, and one using PyGST working only for Python 2
+ Gstreamer 0.10.
Note: The core audio library does not support recording audio. If you require this functionality, please
refer to the audiostream extension.
class kivy.core.audio.Sound
Represents a sound to play. This class is abstract, and cannot be used directly.
Use SoundLoader to load a sound.
Events
on_play: None Fired when the sound is played.
on_stop: None Fired when the sound is stopped.
filename
Deprecated since version 1.3.0: Use source instead.
get_pos()
Returns the current position of the audio file. Returns 0 if not playing.
property length
Get length of the sound (in seconds).
load()
Load the file into memory.
loop
Set to True if the sound should automatically loop when it finishes.
loop is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
pitch
Pitch of a sound. 2 is an octave higher, .5 one below. This is only implemented for SDL2
audio provider yet.
pitch is a NumericProperty and defaults to 1.
play()
Play the file.
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seek(position)
Go to the <position> (in seconds).
Note: Most sound providers cannot seek when the audio is stopped. Play then seek.
source
Filename / source of your audio file.
source is a StringProperty that defaults to None and is read-only. Use the
SoundLoader.load() for loading audio.
state
State of the sound, one of ‘stop’ or ‘play’.
state is a read-only OptionProperty.
status
Deprecated since version 1.3.0: Use state instead.
stop()
Stop playback.
unload()
Unload the file from memory.
volume
Volume, in the range 0-1. 1 means full volume, 0 means mute.
volume is a NumericProperty and defaults to 1.
class kivy.core.audio.SoundLoader
Load a sound, using the best loader for the given file type.
static load(filename)
Load a sound, and return a Sound() instance.
static register(classobj)
Register a new class to load the sound.
32.2 Camera
Core class for acquiring the camera and converting its input into a Texture.
Changed in version 1.10.0: The pygst and videocapture providers have been removed.
Changed in version 1.8.0: There is now 2 distinct Gstreamer implementation: one using Gi/Gst working
for both Python 2+3 with Gstreamer 1.0, and one using PyGST working only for Python 2 + Gstreamer
0.10.
301
class kivy.core.camera.CameraBase(**kwargs)
Abstract Camera Widget class.
Concrete camera classes must implement initialization and frame capturing to a buffer that can
be uploaded to the gpu.
Parameters
index: int Source index of the camera.
size: tuple (int, int) Size at which the image is drawn. If no size is specified, it
defaults to the resolution of the camera image.
resolution: tuple (int, int) Resolution to try to request from the camera. Used in
the gstreamer pipeline by forcing the appsink caps to this resolution. If the
camera doesn’t support the resolution, a negotiation error might be thrown.
Events
on_load Fired when the camera is loaded and the texture has become available.
on_texture Fired each time the camera texture is updated.
property index
Source index of the camera
init_camera()
Initialise the camera (internal)
property resolution
Resolution of camera capture (width, height)
start()
Start the camera acquire
stop()
Release the camera
property texture
Return the camera texture with the latest capture
32.3 Clipboard
Core class for accessing the Clipboard. If we are not able to access the system clipboard, a fake one will
be used.
Usage example:
#:import Clipboard kivy.core.clipboard.Clipboard
Button:
on_release:
self.text = Clipboard.paste()
Clipboard.copy('Data')
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32.4 OpenGL
Select and use the best OpenGL library available. Depending on your system, the core provider can
select an OpenGL ES or a ‘classic’ desktop OpenGL library.
32.5 Image
Core classes for loading images and converting them to a Texture. The raw image data can be keep in
memory for further access.
Changed in version 1.11.0: Add support for argb and abgr image data
32.5.1 In-memory image loading
New in version 1.9.0: Official support for in-memory loading. Not all the providers support it, but
currently SDL2, pygame, pil and imageio work.
To load an image with a filename, you would usually do:
from kivy.core.image import Image as CoreImage

im = CoreImage("image.png")
You can also load the image data directly from a memory block. Instead of passing the filename, you’ll
need to pass the data as a BytesIO object together with an “ext” parameter. Both are mandatory:
import io
data = io.BytesIO(open("image.png", "rb").read())
im = CoreImage(data, ext="png")
By default, the image will not be cached as our internal cache requires a filename. If you want caching,
add a filename that represents your file (it will be used only for caching):
import io
data = io.BytesIO(open("image.png", "rb").read())
im = CoreImage(data, ext="png", filename="image.png")
32.5.2 Saving an image
A CoreImage can be saved to a file:

image = CoreImage(...)
image.save("/tmp/test.png")
Or you can get the bytes (new in 1.11.0):

import io from kivy.core.image import Image as CoreImage data = io.BytesIO() image =
CoreImage(. . . ) image.save(data, fmt=”png”) png_bytes = data.read()
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class kivy.core.image.Image(arg, **kwargs)
Load an image and store the size and texture.
Changed in version 1.0.7: mipmap attribute has been added. The texture_mipmap and tex-
ture_rectangle have been deleted.
Changed in version 1.0.8: An Image widget can change its texture. A new event ‘on_texture’ has
been introduced. New methods for handling sequenced animation have been added.
Parameters
arg: can be a string (str), Texture, BytesIO or Image object A string path to the
image file or data URI to be loaded; or a Texture object, which will be wrapped
in an Image object; or a BytesIO object containing raw image data; or an already
existing image object, in which case, a real copy of the given image object will
be returned.
keep_data: bool, defaults to False Keep the image data when the texture is cre-
ated.
mipmap: bool, defaults to False Create mipmap for the texture.
anim_delay: float, defaults to .25 Delay in seconds between each animation frame.
Lower values means faster animation.
ext: str, only with BytesIO arg File extension to use in determining how to load
raw image data.
filename: str, only with BytesIO arg Filename to use in the image cache for raw
image data.
property anim_available
Return True if this Image instance has animation available.
property anim_delay
Delay between each animation frame. A lower value means faster animation.
property anim_index
Return the index number of the image currently in the texture.
anim_reset(allow_anim)
Reset an animation if available.
Parameters
allow_anim: bool Indicate whether the animation should restart playing or not.
Usage:
# start/reset animation
image.anim_reset(True)
# or stop the animation

image.anim_reset(False)
You can change the animation speed whilst it is playing:
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# Set to 20 FPS
image.anim_delay = 1 / 20.
property filename
Get/set the filename of image
property height
Image height
property image
Get/set the data image object
static load(filename, **kwargs)
Load an image
Parameters
filename: str Filename of the image.
keep_data: bool, defaults to False Keep the image data when the texture is cre-
ated.
load_memory(data, ext, filename='__inline__')
(internal) Method to load an image from raw data.
property nocache
Indicate whether the texture will not be stored in the cache or not.
on_texture(*largs)
This event is fired when the texture reference or content has changed. It is normally used
for sequenced images.
read_pixel(x, y)
For a given local x/y position, return the pixel color at that position.
Warning: This function can only be used with images loaded with the keep_data=True
keyword. For example:
m = Image.load('image.png', keep_data=True)
color = m.read_pixel(150, 150)
Parameters
x: int Local x coordinate of the pixel in question.
y: int Local y coordinate of the pixel in question.
remove_from_cache()
Remove the Image from cache. This facilitates re-loading of images from disk in case the
image content has changed.
Usage:
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im = CoreImage('1.jpg')
# -- do something --
im.remove_from_cache()
im = CoreImage('1.jpg')
# this time image will be re-loaded from disk
save(filename, flipped=False, fmt=None)

Save image texture to file.
The filename should have the ‘.png’ extension because the texture data read from the GPU
is in the RGBA format. ‘.jpg’ might work but has not been heavily tested so some providers
might break when using it. Any other extensions are not officially supported.
The flipped parameter flips the saved image vertically, and defaults to False.
Example:
# Save an core image object

from kivy.core.image import Image
img = Image('hello.png')
img.save('hello2.png')
# Save a texture
texture = Texture.create(...)
img = Image(texture)
img.save('hello3.png')

Changed in version 1.8.0: Parameter flipped added to flip the image before saving, default to
False.
Changed in version 1.11.0: Parameter fmt added to force the output format of the file File-
name can now be a BytesIO object.
property size
Image size (width, height)
property texture
Texture of the image
property width
Image width
class kivy.core.image.ImageData(width, height, fmt, data, source=None, flip_vertical=True,
source_image=None, rowlength=0)
Container for images and mipmap images. The container will always have at least the mipmap
level 0.
add_mipmap(level, width, height, data, rowlength)
Add a image for a specific mipmap level.
property data
Image data. (If the image is mipmapped, it will use the level 0)
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flip_vertical
Indicate if the texture will need to be vertically flipped
fmt
Decoded image format, one of a available texture format
get_mipmap(level)
Get the mipmap image at a specific level if it exists
property height
Image height in pixels. (If the image is mipmapped, it will use the level 0)
iterate_mipmaps()
Iterate over all mipmap images available.
mipmaps
Data for each mipmap.
property rowlength
Image rowlength. (If the image is mipmapped, it will use the level 0)
property size
Image (width, height) in pixels. (If the image is mipmapped, it will use the level 0)
source
Image source, if available
property width
Image width in pixels. (If the image is mipmapped, it will use the level 0)
32.6 Spelling
Provides abstracted access to a range of spellchecking backends as well as word suggestions. The API
is inspired by enchant but other backends can be added that implement the same API.
Spelling currently requires python-enchant for all platforms except OSX, where a native implementation
exists.
>>> from kivy.core.spelling import Spelling

>>> s = Spelling()
>>> s.list_languages()
['en', 'en_CA', 'en_GB', 'en_US']
>>> s.select_language('en_US')
>>> s.suggest('helo')
[u'hole', u'help', u'helot', u'hello', u'halo', u'hero', u'hell', u'held',
u'helm', u'he-lo']
exception kivy.core.spelling.NoLanguageSelectedError
Bases: Exception
Exception to be raised when a language-using method is called but no language was selected prior
to the call.
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exception kivy.core.spelling.NoSuchLangError
Bases: Exception
Exception to be raised when a specific language could not be found.
class kivy.core.spelling.SpellingBase(language=None)
Base class for all spelling providers. Supports some abstract methods for checking words and
getting suggestions.
check(word)
If word is a valid word in self._language (the currently active language), returns True. If the
word shouldn’t be checked, returns None (e.g. for ‘’). If it is not a valid word in self._language,
return False.
Parameters
word: str The word to check.
list_languages()
Return a list of all supported languages. E.g. [‘en’, ‘en_GB’, ‘en_US’, ‘de’, . . . ]
select_language(language)
From the set of registered languages, select the first language for language.
Parameters
language: str Language identifier. Needs to be one of the options returned by
list_languages(). Sets the language used for spell checking and word sugges-
tions.
suggest(fragment)
For a given fragment (i.e. part of a word or a word by itself), provide corrections (fragment
may be misspelled) or completions as a list of strings.
Parameters
fragment: str The word fragment to get suggestions/corrections for. E.g. ‘foo’
might become ‘of’, ‘food’ or ‘foot’.
32.7 Text
An abstraction of text creation. Depending of the selected backend, the accuracy of text rendering may
vary.
Changed in version 1.10.1: LabelBase.find_base_direction() added.
Changed in version 1.5.0: LabelBase.line_height added.
Changed in version 1.0.7: The LabelBase does not generate any texture if the text has a width <= 1.
This is the backend layer for rendering text with different text providers, you should only be using this
directly if your needs aren’t fulfilled by the Label.
Usage example:
from kivy.core.text import Label as CoreLabel
...
...
308
my_label = CoreLabel()
my_label.text = 'hello'
# the label is usually not drawn until needed, so force it to draw.
my_label.refresh()
# Now access the texture of the label and use it wherever and
# however you may please.
hello_texture = my_label.texture
32.7.1 Font Context Manager
A font context is a namespace where multiple fonts are loaded; if a font is missing a glyph needed to
render text, it can fall back to a different font in the same context. The font context manager can be
used to query and manipulate the state of font contexts when using the Pango text provider (no other
provider currently implements it).
Warning: This feature requires the Pango text provider.
Font contexts can be created automatically by kivy.uix.label.Label or kivy.uix.textinput.

TextInput; if a non-existent context is used in one of these classes, it will be created automatically, or
if a font file is specified without a context (this creates an isolated context, without support for fallback).
Usage example:

from kivy.core.text import FontContextManager as FCM
# Create a font context containing system fonts + one custom TTF

FCM.create('system://myapp')
family = FCM.add_font('/path/to/file.ttf')
# These are now interchangeable ways to refer to the custom font:

lbl1 = Label(font_context='system://myapp', family_name=family)
lbl2 = Label(font_context='system://myapp', font_name='/path/to/file.ttf')
# You could also refer to a system font by family, since this is a

# system:// font context
lbl3 = Label(font_context='system://myapp', family_name='Arial')
class kivy.core.text.LabelBase(text='', font_size=12, font_name=None, bold=False, italic=False,

underline=False, strikethrough=False, font_family=None,
halign='left', valign='bottom', shorten=False, text_size=None,
mipmap=False, color=None, line_height=1.0, strip=False,
strip_reflow=True, shorten_from='center', split_str=' ',
unicode_errors='replace', font_hinting='normal',
font_kerning=True, font_blended=True, outline_width=None,
outline_color=None, font_context=None, font_features=None,
base_direction=None, text_language=None, **kwargs)
Core text label. This is the abstract class used by different backends to render text.
309
Warning: The core text label can’t be changed at runtime. You must recreate one.
Parameters
font_size: int, defaults to 12 Font size of the text
font_context: str, defaults to None Context for the specified font (see kivy.uix.
label.Label for details). None will autocreate an isolated context named after
the resolved font file.
font_name: str, defaults to DEFAULT_FONT Font name of the text
font_family: str, defaults to None Font family name to request for drawing, this
can only be used with font_context.
bold: bool, defaults to False Activate “bold” text style
italic: bool, defaults to False Activate “italic” text style
text_size: tuple, defaults to (None, None) Add constraint to render the text (in-
side a bounding box). If no size is given, the label size will be set to the text
size.
padding: float, defaults to None If it’s a float, it will set padding_x and padding_y
padding_x: float, defaults to 0.0 Left/right padding
padding_y: float, defaults to 0.0 Top/bottom padding
halign: str, defaults to “left” Horizontal text alignment inside the bounding box
valign: str, defaults to “bottom” Vertical text alignment inside the bounding box
shorten: bool, defaults to False Indicate whether the label should attempt to
shorten its textual contents as much as possible if a size is given. Setting this
to True without an appropriately set size will lead to unexpected results.
shorten_from: str, defaults to center The side from which we should shorten the
text from, can be left, right, or center. E.g. if left, the ellipsis will appear towards
the left side and it will display as much text starting from the right as possible.
split_str: string, defaults to ‘ ‘ (space) The string to use to split the words by when
shortening. If empty, we can split after every character filling up the line as
much as possible.
max_lines: int, defaults to 0 (unlimited) If set, this indicate how maximum line
are allowed to render the text. Works only if a limitation on text_size is set.
mipmap: bool, defaults to False Create a mipmap for the texture
strip: bool, defaults to False Whether each row of text has its leading and trailing
spaces stripped. If halign is justify it is implicitly True.
strip_reflow: bool, defaults to True Whether text that has been reflowed into a sec-
ond line should be stripped, even if strip is False. This is only in effect when
size_hint_x is not None, because otherwise lines are never split.
unicode_errors: str, defaults to ‘replace’ How to handle unicode decode errors.
Can be ‘strict’, ‘replace’ or ‘ignore’.
outline_width: int, defaults to None Width in pixels for the outline.
outline_color: tuple, defaults to (0, 0, 0) Color of the outline.
font_features: str, defaults to None OpenType font features in CSS format (Pango
only)
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base_direction: str, defaults to None (auto) Text direction, one of None, ‘ltr’, ‘rtl’,
‘weak_ltr’, or ‘weak_rtl’ (Pango only)
text_language: str, defaults to None (user locale) RFC-3066 format language tag
as a string (Pango only)
Changed in version 1.10.1: font_context, font_family, font_features, base_direction and text_language

were added.
Changed in version 1.10.0: outline_width and outline_color were added.
Changed in version 1.9.0: strip, strip_reflow, shorten_from, split_str, and unicode_errors were added.
Changed in version 1.9.0: padding_x and padding_y has been fixed to work as expected. In the past,
the text was padded by the negative of their values.
Changed in version 1.8.0: max_lines parameters has been added.
Changed in version 1.0.8: size have been deprecated and replaced with text_size.
Changed in version 1.0.7: The valign is now respected. This wasn’t the case previously so you
might have an issue in your application if you have not considered this.
property content_height
Return the content height; i.e. the height of the text without any padding.
property content_size
Return the content size (width, height)
property content_width
Return the content width; i.e. the width of the text without any padding.
static find_base_direction(text)
Searches a string the first character that has a strong direction, according to the Unicode
bidirectional algorithm. Returns None if the base direction cannot be determined, or one of
‘ltr’ or ‘rtl’.
Note: This feature requires the Pango text provider.
property fontid
Return a unique id for all font parameters
get_cached_extents()
Returns a cached version of the get_extents() function.
>>> func = self._get_cached_extents()

>>> func
<built-in method size of pygame.font.Font object at 0x01E45650>
>>> func('a line')
(36, 18)
Warning: This method returns a size measuring function that is valid for the font settings
used at the time get_cached_extents() was called. Any change in the font settings
will render the returned function incorrect. You should only use this if you know what
you’re doing.
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get_extents(text)
Return a tuple (width, height) indicating the size of the specified text
static get_system_fonts_dir()
Return the directories used by the system for fonts.
property label
Get/Set the text
refresh()
Force re-rendering of the text
static register(name, fn_regular, fn_italic=None, fn_bold=None, fn_bolditalic=None)
Register an alias for a Font.
If you’re using a ttf directly, you might not be able to use the bold/italic properties of the ttf
version. If the font is delivered in multiple files (one regular, one italic and one bold), then
you need to register these files and use the alias instead.
All the fn_regular/fn_italic/fn_bold parameters are resolved with kivy.resources.
resource_find(). If fn_italic/fn_bold are None, fn_regular will be used instead.
render(real=False)
Return a tuple (width, height) to create the image with the user constraints. (width, height)
includes the padding.
shorten(text, margin=2)
Shortens the text to fit into a single line by the width specified by text_size [0]. If
text_size [0] is None, it returns text text unchanged.
split_str and shorten_from determines how the text is shortened.
Params text str, the text to be shortened. margin int, the amount of space to leave
between the margins and the text. This is in addition to padding_x.
Returns the text shortened to fit into a single line.
property text
Get/Set the text
property text_size
Get/set the (width, height) of the ‘ ‘contrained rendering box
property usersize
(deprecated) Use text_size instead.
32.7.2 Text layout
An internal module for laying out text according to options and constraints. This is not part of the API
and may change at any time.
class kivy.core.text.text_layout.LayoutLine
Formally describes a line of text. A line of text is composed of many LayoutWord instances, each
with it’s own text, size and options.
A LayoutLine instance does not always imply that the words contained in the line ended with
a newline. That is only the case if is_last_line is True. For example a single real line of text
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can be split across multiple LayoutLine instances if the whole line doesn’t fit in the constrained
width.
Parameters
x: int the location in a texture from where the left side of this line is began drawn.
y: int the location in a texture from where the bottom of this line is drawn.
w: int the width of the line. This is the sum of the individual widths of its
LayoutWord instances. Does not include any padding.
h: int the height of the line. This is the maximum of the individual heights of its
LayoutWord instances multiplied by the line_height of these instance. So this is
larger then the word height.
is_last_line: bool whether this line was the last line in a paragraph. When True,
it implies that the line was followed by a newline. Newlines should not be
included in the text of words, but is implicit by setting this to True.
line_wrap: bool whether this line is continued from a previous line which didn’t fit
into a constrained width and was therefore split across multiple LayoutLine
instances. line_wrap can be True or False independently of is_last_line.
words: python list a list that contains only LayoutWord instances describing the
text of the line.
h
h: ‘int’
is_last_line
is_last_line: ‘int’
line_wrap
line_wrap: ‘int’
w
w: ‘int’
words
words: list
x
x: ‘int’
y
y: ‘int’
class kivy.core.text.text_layout.LayoutWord
Formally describes a word contained in a line. The name word simply means a chunk of text and
can be used to describe any text.
A word has some width, height and is rendered according to options saved in options. See
LayoutLine for its usage.
Parameters
options: dict the label options dictionary for this word.
lw: int the width of the text in pixels.
lh: int the height of the text in pixels.
text: string the text of the word.
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lh
lh: ‘int’
lw
lw: ‘int’
options
options: dict
text
text: object
kivy.core.text.text_layout.layout_text(text, list lines, tuple size, tuple text_size, dict options,
get_extents, int append_down, int complete)
Lays out text into a series of LayoutWord and LayoutLine instances according to the options
specified.
The function is designed to be called many times, each time new text is appended to the last line
(or first line if appending upwards), unless a newline is present in the text. Each text appended is
described by its own options which can change between successive calls. If the text is constrained,
we stop as soon as the constraint is reached.
Parameters
text: string or bytes the text to be broken down into lines. If lines is not empty, the
text is added to the last line (or first line if append_down is False) until a newline
is reached which creates a new line in lines. See LayoutLine.
lines: list a list of LayoutLine instances, each describing a line of the text. Calls
to layout_text() append or create new LayoutLine instances in lines.
size: 2-tuple of ints the size of the laid out text so far. Upon first call it should
probably be (0, 0), afterwards it should be the (w, h) returned by this function
in a previous call. When size reaches the constraining size, text_size, we stop
adding lines and return True for the clipped parameter. size includes the x and
y padding.
text_size: 2-tuple of ints or None. the size constraint on the laid out text. If either
element is None, the text is not constrained in that dimension. For example,
(None, 200) will constrain the height, including padding to 200, while the width
is unconstrained. The first line, and the first character of a line is always re-
turned, even if it exceeds the constraint. The value be changed between differ-
ent calls.
options: dict the label options of this text. The options are saved with each word
allowing different words to have different options from successive calls.
Note, options must include a space_width key with a value indicating the width
of a space for that set of options.
get_extents: callable a function called with a string, which returns a tuple contain-
ing the width, height of the string.
append_down: bool Whether successive calls to the function appends lines before
or after the existing lines. If True, they are appended to the last line and below
it. If False, it’s appended at the first line and above. For example, if False,
everything after the last newline in text is appended to the first line in lines.
Everything before the last newline is inserted at the start of lines in same order
as text; that is we do not invert the line order.
This allows laying out from top to bottom until the constrained is reached, or
from bottom to top until the constrained is reached.
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complete: bool whether this text complete lines. It use is that normally is strip in
options is True, all leading and trailing spaces are removed from each line except
from the last line (or first line if append_down is False) which only removes lead-
ing spaces. That’s because further text can still be appended to the last line so
we cannot strip them. If complete is True, it indicates no further text is coming
and all lines will be stripped.
The function can also be called with text set to the empty string and complete set
to True in order for the last (first) line to be stripped.
Returns 3-tuple, (w, h, clipped). w and h is the width and height of the text in lines so
far and includes padding. This can be larger than text_size, e.g. if not even a single
fitted, the first line would still be returned. clipped is True if not all the text has been
added to lines because w, h reached the constrained size.
Following is a simple example with no padding and no stripping:
>>> from kivy.core.text import Label

>>> from kivy.core.text.text_layout import layout_text
>>> l = Label()
>>> lines = []
>>> # layout text with width constraint by 50, but no height constraint
>>> w, h, clipped = layout_text('heres some text\nah, another line',
... lines, (0, 0), (50, None), l.options, l.get_cached_extents(), True,
... False)
>>> w, h, clipped
(46, 90, False)
# now add text from bottom up, and constrain width only be 100
>>> w, h, clipped = layout_text('\nyay, more text\n', lines, (w, h),
... (100, None), l.options, l.get_cached_extents(), False, True)
>>> w, h, clipped
(77, 120, 0)
>>> for line in lines:
... print('line w: {}, line h: {}'.format(line.w, line.h))
... for word in line.words:
... print('w: {}, h: {}, text: {}'.format(word.lw, word.lh,
... [word.text]))
line w: 0, line h: 15
w: 77, h: 15, text: ['yay, more text']
w: 31, h: 15, text: ['heres']
w: 34, h: 15, text: [' some']
w: 24, h: 15, text: [' text']
w: 17, h: 15, text: ['ah,']
w: 46, h: 15, text: [' another']
w: 23, h: 15, text: [' line']
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32.7.3 Text Markup

Changed in version 1.10.1: Added font_context, font_features and text_language (Pango only)
We provide a simple text-markup for inline text styling. The syntax look the same as the BBCode.
A tag is defined as [tag], and should have a corresponding [/tag] closing tag. For example:
[b]Hello [color=ff0000]world[/color][/b]
The following tags are available:

[b][/b] Activate bold text
[i][/i] Activate italic text
[u][/u] Underlined text
[s][/s] Strikethrough text
[font=<str>][/font] Change the font (note: this refers to a TTF file or registered alias)
[font_context=<str>][/font_context] Change context for the font, use string value “none”
for isolated context.
[font_family=<str>][/font_family] Font family to request for drawing. This is only valid
when using a font context, and takes precedence over [font]. See kivy.uix.label.Label for
details.
[font_features=<str>][/font_features] OpenType font features, in CSS format, this is
passed straight through to Pango. The effects of requesting a feature depends on loaded fonts,
library versions, etc. Pango only, requires v1.38 or later.
[size=<size>][/size] Change the font size. <size> should be an integer, optionally with a unit
(i.e. 16sp)
[color=#<color>][/color] Change the text color
[ref=<str>][/ref] Add an interactive zone. The reference + all the word box inside the reference
will be available in MarkupLabel.refs
[anchor=<str>] Put an anchor in the text. You can get the position of your anchor within the text
with MarkupLabel.anchors
[sub][/sub] Display the text at a subscript position relative to the text before it.
[sup][/sup] Display the text at a superscript position relative to the text before it.
[text_language=<str>][/text_language] Language of the text, this is an RFC-3066 format
language tag (as string), for example “en_US”, “zh_CN”, “fr” or “ja”. This can impact font se-
lection, metrics and rendering. For example, the same bytes of text can look different for ur and ar
languages, though both use Arabic script. Use the string ‘none’ to revert to locale detection. Pango
only.
If you need to escape the markup from the current text, use kivy.utils.escape_markup().
class kivy.core.text.markup.MarkupLabel(*largs, **kwargs)
Bases: kivy.core.text.LabelBase
Markup text label.
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property anchors
Get the position of all the [anchor=...]:
{ 'anchorA': (x, y), 'anchorB': (x, y), ... }
property markup
Return the text with all the markup split:
>>> MarkupLabel('[b]Hello world[/b]').markup

>>> ('[b]', 'Hello world', '[/b]')
property refs
Get the bounding box of all the [ref=...]:
{ 'refA': ((x1, y1, x2, y2), (x1, y1, x2, y2)), ... }
render(real=False)
Return a tuple (width, height) to create the image with the user constraints. (width, height)
includes the padding.
shorten_post(lines, w, h, margin=2)
Shortens the text to a single line according to the label options.
This function operates on a text that has already been laid out because for markup, parts of
text can have different size and options.
If text_size [0] is None, the lines are returned unchanged. Otherwise, the lines are con-
verted to a single line fitting within the constrained width, text_size [0].
Params lines: list of LayoutLine instances describing the text. w: int, the width of the
text in lines, including padding. h: int, the height of the text in lines, including
padding. margin int, the additional space left on the sides. This is in addition to
padding_x.
Returns 3-tuple of (xw, h, lines), where w, and h is similar to the input and con-
tains the resulting width / height of the text, including padding. lines, is a list
containing a single LayoutLine, which contains the words for the line.
32.8 Video
Core class for reading video files and managing the video Texture.
Changed in version 1.10.0: The pyglet, pygst and gi providers have been removed.
Changed in version 1.8.0: There are now 2 distinct Gstreamer implementations: one using Gi/Gst
working for both Python 2+3 with Gstreamer 1.0, and one using PyGST working only for Python 2
+ Gstreamer 0.10.
Note: Recording is not supported.
class kivy.core.video.VideoBase(**kwargs)
VideoBase, a class used to implement a video reader.
Parameters
filename: str Filename of the video. Can be a file or an URI.
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eos: str, defaults to ‘pause’ Action to take when EOS is hit. Can be one of ‘pause’,
‘stop’ or ‘loop’.
Changed in version 1.4.0: added ‘pause’
async: bool, defaults to True Load the video asynchronously (may be not sup-
ported by all providers).
autoplay: bool, defaults to False Auto play the video on init.
Events
on_eos Fired when EOS is hit.
on_load Fired when the video is loaded and the texture is available.
on_frame Fired when a new frame is written to the texture.
property duration
Get the video duration (in seconds)
property filename
Get/set the filename/uri of the current video
load()
Load the video from the current filename
pause()
Pause the video
play()
Play the video
property position
Get/set the position in the video (in seconds)
seek(percent, precise=True)
Move to position as percentage (strictly, a proportion from 0 - 1) of the duration
property state
Get the video playing status
stop()
Stop the video playing
property texture
Get the video texture
unload()
Unload the actual video
property volume
Get/set the volume in the video (1.0 = 100%)
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32.9 Window
Core class for creating the default Kivy window. Kivy supports only one window per application:
please don’t try to create more than one.
class kivy.core.window.Keyboard(**kwargs)
Keyboard interface that is returned by WindowBase.request_keyboard(). When you request
a keyboard, you’ll get an instance of this class. Whatever the keyboard input is (system or virtual
keyboard), you’ll receive events through this instance.
Events
on_key_down: keycode, text, modifiers Fired when a new key is pressed down
on_key_up: keycode Fired when a key is released (up)
Here is an example of how to request a Keyboard in accordance with the current configuration:
import kivy

class MyKeyboardListener(Widget):

super(MyKeyboardListener, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self._keyboard = Window.request_keyboard(
self._keyboard_closed, self, 'text')
if self._keyboard.widget:
# If it exists, this widget is a VKeyboard object which
,→you can use
# to change the keyboard layout.

pass
self._keyboard.bind(on_key_down=self._on_keyboard_down)
def _keyboard_closed(self):
print('My keyboard have been closed!')
self._keyboard.unbind(on_key_down=self._on_keyboard_down)
self._keyboard = None
def _on_keyboard_down(self, keyboard, keycode, text, modifiers):

print('The key', keycode, 'have been pressed')
print(' - text is %r' % text)
print(' - modifiers are %r' % modifiers)
# Keycode is composed of an integer + a string

# If we hit escape, release the keyboard
if keycode[1] == 'escape':
keyboard.release()
# Return True to accept the key. Otherwise, it will be used by

# the system.
319
return True
if __name__ == '__main__':
from kivy.base import runTouchApp
runTouchApp(MyKeyboardListener())
callback
Callback that will be called when the keyboard is released
keycode_to_string(value)
Convert a keycode number to a string according to the Keyboard.keycodes. If the value
is not found in the keycodes, it will return ‘’.
release()
Call this method to release the current keyboard. This will ensure that the keyboard is no
longer attached to your callback.
string_to_keycode(value)
Convert a string to a keycode number according to the Keyboard.keycodes. If the value
is not found in the keycodes, it will return -1.
target
Target that have requested the keyboard
widget
VKeyboard widget, if allowed by the configuration
window
Window which the keyboard is attached too
class kivy.core.window.WindowBase(**kwargs)
WindowBase is an abstract window widget for any window implementation.
Parameters
borderless: str, one of (‘0’, ‘1’) Set the window border state. Check the config
documentation for a more detailed explanation on the values.
custom_titlebar: str, one of (‘0’, ‘1’) Set to ‘1’ to uses a custom titlebar
fullscreen: str, one of (‘0’, ‘1’, ‘auto’, ‘fake’) Make the window fullscreen. Check
the config documentation for a more detailed explanation on the values.
width: int Width of the window.
height: int Height of the window.
minimum_width: int Minimum width of the window (only works for sdl2 window
provider).
minimum_height: int Minimum height of the window (only works for sdl2 win-
dow provider).
allow_screensaver: bool Allow the device to show a screen saver, or to go to sleep
on mobile devices. Defaults to True. Only works for sdl2 window provider.
Events
on_motion: etype, motionevent Fired when a new MotionEvent is dispatched
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on_touch_down: Fired when a new touch event is initiated.
on_touch_move: Fired when an existing touch event changes location.
on_touch_up: Fired when an existing touch event is terminated.
on_draw: Fired when the Window is being drawn.
on_flip: Fired when the Window GL surface is being flipped.
on_rotate: rotation Fired when the Window is being rotated.
on_close: Fired when the Window is closed.
on_request_close: Fired when the event loop wants to close the window, or if the
escape key is pressed and exit_on_escape is True. If a function bound to this event
returns True, the window will not be closed. If the the event is triggered because
of the keyboard escape key, the keyword argument source is dispatched along
with a value of keyboard to the bound functions.
on_cursor_enter: Fired when the cursor enters the window.
on_cursor_leave: Fired when the cursor leaves the window.
on_minimize: Fired when the window is minimized.
on_maximize: Fired when the window is maximized.
on_restore: Fired when the window is restored.
on_hide: Fired when the window is hidden.
on_show: Fired when when the window is shown.
on_keyboard: key, scancode, codepoint, modifier Fired when the keyboard is
used for input.
Changed in version 1.3.0: The unicode parameter has been deprecated in favor
of codepoint, and will be removed completely in future versions.
on_key_down: key, scancode, codepoint, modifier Fired when a key pressed.
Changed in version 1.3.0: The unicode parameter has been deprecated in favor
of codepoint, and will be removed completely in future versions.
on_key_up: key, scancode, codepoint Fired when a key is released.
Changed in version 1.3.0: The unicode parameter has be deprecated in favor of
codepoint, and will be removed completely in future versions.
on_drop_begin: x, y, *args Fired when text(s) or file(s) drop on the application is
about to begin.
321
on_drop_file: filename (bytes), x, y, *args Fired when a file is dropped on the ap-
plication.
Changed in version 2.1.0: Renamed from on_dropfile to on_drop_file.
on_drop_text: text (bytes), x, y, *args Fired when a text is dropped on the applica-
tion.
on_drop_end: x, y, *args Fired when text(s) or file(s) drop on the application has
ended.
on_memorywarning: Fired when the platform have memory issue (iOS / Android
mostly) You can listen to this one, and clean whatever you can.
on_textedit(self, text): Fired when inputting with IME. The string inputting with
IME is set as the parameter of this event.
add_widget(widget, canvas=None)
Add a widget to a window
allow_screensaver
Whether the screen saver is enabled, or on mobile devices whether the device is allowed to
go to sleep while the app is open.
allow_screensaver is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
borderless
When set to True, this property removes the window border/decoration. Check the config
documentation for a more detailed explanation on the values.
borderless is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
center
Center of the rotated window.
center is an AliasProperty.
children
List of the children of this window.
children is a ListProperty instance and defaults to an empty list.
Use add_widget() and remove_widget() to manipulate the list of children. Don’t ma-
nipulate the list directly unless you know what you are doing.
clear()
Clear the window with the background color
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clearcolor
Color used to clear the window.
# red background color

Window.clearcolor = (1, 0, 0, 1)
# don't clear background at all

Window.clearcolor = None
Changed in version 1.7.2: The clearcolor default value is now: (0, 0, 0, 1).
clearcolor is an ColorProperty and defaults to (0, 0, 0, 1).
Changed in version 2.1.0: Changed from AliasProperty to ColorProperty.
close()
Close the window
create_window(*largs)
Will create the main window and configure it.
Warning: This method is called automatically at runtime. If you call it, it will recreate a
RenderContext and Canvas. This means you’ll have a new graphics tree, and the old one
will be unusable.
This method exist to permit the creation of a new OpenGL context AFTER closing the
first one. (Like using runTouchApp() and stopTouchApp()).
This method has only been tested in a unittest environment and is not suitable for Appli-
cations.
Again, don’t use this method unless you know exactly what you are doing!
custom_titlebar
When set to True, allows the user to set a widget as a titlebar. Check the config documen-
tation for a more detailed explanation on the values.
see set_custom_titlebar() for detailed usage custom_titlebar is a
BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
dpi
Return the DPI of the screen as computed by the window. If the implementation doesn’t
support DPI lookup, it’s 96.
Warning: This value is not cross-platform. Use kivy.metrics.Metrics.dpi instead.
event_managers = None
Holds a list of registered event managers.
Don’t change the property directly but use register_event_manager() and
unregister_event_manager() to register and unregister an event manager.
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Event manager is an instance of EventManagerBase.
Warning: This is an experimental property and it remains so while this warning is

present.
event_managers_dict = None
Holds a dict of type_id to list of event managers.
Don’t change the property directly but use register_event_manager() and
unregister_event_manager() to register and unregister an event manager.
Event manager is an instance of EventManagerBase.

present.
flip()
Flip between buffers
focus
Check whether or not the window currently has focus.
focus is a read-only AliasProperty and defaults to True.
fullscreen
This property sets the fullscreen mode of the window. Available options are: True, False,
‘auto’ and ‘fake’. Check the config documentation for more detailed explanations on these
values.
fullscreen is an OptionProperty and defaults to False.
Note: The ‘fake’ option has been deprecated, use the borderless property instead.
get_gl_backend_name()
Returns the gl backend that will or is used with this window.
gl_backends_allowed = []
A list of Kivy gl backend names, which if not empty, will be the exclusive list of gl backends
that can be used with this window.
gl_backends_ignored = []
A list of Kivy gl backend names that may not be used with this window.
grab_mouse()
Grab mouse - so won’t leave window
324
Note: This feature requires the SDL2 window provider.
height
Rotated window height.
height is a read-only AliasProperty.
hide()
Hides the window. This method should be used on desktop platforms only.
Note: This feature requires the SDL2 window provider and is currently only supported on
desktop platforms.
icon
A path to the window icon.
icon is a StringProperty.
keyboard_anim_args = {'d': 0.5, 't': 'in_out_quart'}
The attributes for animating softkeyboard/IME. t = transition, d = duration. This value will
have no effect on desktops.
keyboard_anim_args is a dict and defaults to {‘t’: ‘in_out_quart’, ‘d’: .5}.
keyboard_height
Returns the height of the softkeyboard/IME on mobile platforms. Will return 0 if not on
mobile platform or if IME is not active.
Note: This property returns 0 with SDL2 on Android, but setting Window.softinput_mode
does work.

keyboard_height is a read-only AliasProperty and defaults to 0.
keyboard_padding
The padding to have between the softkeyboard/IME & target or bottom of window. Will
have no effect on desktops.
keyboard_padding is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
left
Left position of the window.
Note: It’s an SDL2 property with [0, 0] in the top-left corner.
Changed in version 1.10.0: left is now an AliasProperty

325
left is an AliasProperty and defaults to the position set in Config.
mainloop()
Called by the EventLoop every frame after it idles.
managed_textinput = False
True if this Window class uses on_textinput to insert text, internal.
maximize()
Maximizes the window. This method should be used on desktop platforms only.
desktop platforms.
minimize()
Minimizes the window. This method should be used on desktop platforms only.
desktop platforms.
minimum_height
The minimum height to restrict the window to.
minimum_height is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
minimum_width
The minimum width to restrict the window to.
minimum_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
modifiers
List of keyboard modifiers currently active.
modifiers is an AliasProperty.
mouse_pos
2d position of the mouse cursor within the window.
Position is relative to the left/bottom point of the window.
Note: Cursor position will be scaled by the pixel density if the high density mode is sup-
ported by the window provider.

mouse_pos is an ObjectProperty and defaults to (0, 0).
on_close(*largs)
Event called when the window is closed.
326
on_cursor_enter(*largs)
Event called when the cursor enters the window.
on_cursor_leave(*largs)
Event called when the cursor leaves the window.
on_drop_begin(x, y, *args)
Event called when a text or a file drop on the application is about to begin. It will be followed-
up by a single or a multiple on_drop_text or on_drop_file events ending with an on_drop_end
event.
Arguments x and y are the mouse cursor position at the time of the drop and you should
only rely on them if the drop originated from the mouse.
Parameters
x: int Cursor x position, relative to the window left, at the time of the drop.
y: int Cursor y position, relative to the window top, at the time of the drop.
*args: tuple Additional arugments.
Note: This event works with sdl2 window provider.

on_drop_end(x, y, *args)
Event called when a text or a file drop on the application has ended.
Parameters
Note: This event works with sdl2 window provider.

on_drop_file(filename, x, y, *args)
Event called when a file is dropped on the application.
Parameters
327
filename: bytes Absolute path to a dropped file.
Warning: This event currently works with sdl2 window provider, on pygame window
provider and OS X with a patched version of pygame. This event is left in place for further
evolution (ios, android etc.)
Note: On Windows it is possible to drop a file on the window title bar or on its edges and
for that case mouse_pos won’t be updated as the mouse cursor is not within the window.
Note: This event doesn’t work for apps with elevated permissions, because the OS API calls
are filtered. Check issue #4999 for pointers to workarounds.

Changed in version 2.1.0: Renamed from on_dropfile to on_drop_file.
on_drop_text(text, x, y, *args)
Event called when a text is dropped on the application.
Parameters
text: bytes Text which is dropped.
Note: This event works with sdl2 window provider on x11 window.
Note: On Windows it is possible to drop a text on the window title bar or on its edges and
for that case mouse_pos won’t be updated as the mouse cursor is not within the window.

on_flip()
Flip between buffers (event)
on_hide(*largs)
Event called when the window is hidden.
328
on_joy_axis(stickid, axisid, value)
Event called when a joystick has a stick or other axis moved.
on_joy_ball(stickid, ballid, xvalue, yvalue)
Event called when a joystick has a ball moved.
on_joy_button_down(stickid, buttonid)
Event called when a joystick has a button pressed.
on_joy_button_up(stickid, buttonid)
Event called when a joystick has a button released.
on_joy_hat(stickid, hatid, value)
Event called when a joystick has a hat/dpad moved.
on_key_down(key, scancode=None, codepoint=None, modifier=None, **kwargs)
Event called when a key is down (same arguments as on_keyboard)
on_key_up(key, scancode=None, codepoint=None, modifier=None, **kwargs)
Event called when a key is released (same arguments as on_keyboard).
on_keyboard(key, scancode=None, codepoint=None, modifier=None, **kwargs)
Event called when keyboard is used.
Warning: Some providers may omit scancode, codepoint and/or modifier.
on_maximize(*largs)
Event called when the window is maximized.
on_memorywarning()
Event called when the platform have memory issue. Your goal is to clear the cache in your
app as much as you can, release unused widgets, do garbage collection etc.
Currently, this event is fired only from the SDL2 provider, for iOS and Android.
on_minimize(*largs)
Event called when the window is minimized.
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on_motion(etype, me)
Event called when a motion event is received.
Parameters
etype: str One of “begin”, “update” or “end”.
me: MotionEvent The motion event currently dispatched.
Changed in version 2.1.0: Event managers get to handle the touch event first and if none
of them accepts the event (by returning True) then window will dispatch me through
“on_touch_down”, “on_touch_move”, “on_touch_up” events depending on the etype. All
non-touch events will go only through managers.
on_mouse_down(x, y, button, modifiers)
Event called when the mouse is used (pressed/released).
on_mouse_move(x, y, modifiers)
Event called when the mouse is moved with buttons pressed.
on_mouse_up(x, y, button, modifiers)
Event called when the mouse is moved with buttons pressed.
on_request_close(*largs, **kwargs)
Event called before we close the window. If a bound function returns True, the window will
not be closed. If the the event is triggered because of the keyboard escape key, the keyword
argument source is dispatched along with a value of keyboard to the bound functions.
Warning: When the bound function returns True the window will not be closed, so use
with care because the user would not be able to close the program, even if the red X is
clicked.
on_resize(width, height)
Event called when the window is resized.
on_restore(*largs)
Event called when the window is restored.
on_rotate(rotation)
Event called when the screen has been rotated.
on_show(*largs)
Event called when the window is shown.
on_textedit(text)
Event called when inputting with IME. The string inputting with IME is set as the parameter
of this event.
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on_textinput(text)
Event called when text: i.e. alpha numeric non control keys or set of keys is entered. As it is
not guaranteed whether we get one character or multiple ones, this event supports handling
multiple characters.
on_touch_down(touch)
Event called when a touch down event is initiated.
Changed in version 1.9.0: The touch pos is now transformed to window coordinates before
this method is called. Before, the touch pos coordinate would be (0, 0) when this method was
called.
on_touch_move(touch)
Event called when a touch event moves (changes location).
called.
on_touch_up(touch)
Event called when a touch event is released (terminated).
called.
parent
Parent of this window.
parent is a ObjectProperty instance and defaults to None. When created, the parent is
set to the window itself. You must take care of it if you are doing a recursive check.
raise_window()
Raise the window. This method should be used on desktop platforms only.
desktop platforms.
register_event_manager(manager)
Register and start an event manager to handle events declared in type_ids attribute.
Warning: This is an experimental method and it remains so until this warning is present
as it can be changed or removed in the next versions of Kivy.
release_all_keyboards()
This will ensure that no virtual keyboard / system keyboard is requested. All instances will
be closed.
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release_keyboard(target=None)
Internal method for the widget to release the real-keyboard. Check request_keyboard()
to understand how it works.
remove_widget(widget)
Remove a widget from a window
request_keyboard(callback, target, input_type='text', keyboard_suggestions=True)
Internal widget method to request the keyboard. This method is rarely required by the end-
user as it is handled automatically by the TextInput. We expose it in case you want to
handle the keyboard manually for unique input scenarios.
A widget can request the keyboard, indicating a callback to call when the keyboard is re-
leased (or taken by another widget).
Parameters
callback: func Callback that will be called when the keyboard is closed. This
can be because somebody else requested the keyboard or the user closed it.
target: Widget Attach the keyboard to the specified target. This should be the
widget that requested the keyboard. Ensure you have a different target at-
tached to each keyboard if you’re working in a multi user mode.
input_type: string Choose the type of soft keyboard to request. Can be one of
‘null’, ‘text’, ‘number’, ‘url’, ‘mail’, ‘datetime’, ‘tel’, ‘address’.
Note: input_type is currently only honored on Android.

Changed in version 2.1.0: Added null to soft keyboard types.
keyboard_suggestions: bool If True provides auto suggestions on top of key-
board. This will only work if input_type is set to text, url, mail or address.
Return An instance of Keyboard containing the callback, target, and if the config-
uration allows it, a VKeyboard instance attached as a .widget property.
Note: The behavior of this function is heavily influenced by the current keyboard_mode.
Please see the Config’s configuration tokens section for more information.
restore()
Restores the size and position of a maximized or minimized window. This method should
be used on desktop platforms only.
desktop platforms.
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rotation
Get/set the window content rotation. Can be one of 0, 90, 180, 270 degrees.
rotation is an AliasProperty.
screenshot(name='screenshot{:04d}.png')
Save the actual displayed image to a file.
set_custom_titlebar(widget)
Sets a Widget as a titlebar
widget The widget you want to set as the titlebar
This function returns True on successfully setting the custom titlebar, else false
How to use this feature
1. first set Window.custom_titlebar to True

2. then call Window.set_custom_titlebar with the widget/layout you
,→want to set as titlebar as the argument # noqa: E501
If you want a child of the widget to receive touch events, in that child define a property
draggable and set it to False
If you set the property draggable on a layout, all the child in the layout will receive touch
events
If you want to override default behaviour, add function in_drag_area(x,y) to the widget
The function is call with two args x,y which are mouse.x, and mouse.y the function should
return
True if that point should be used to drag the window

False if you want to receive the touch event at the point
Note: If you use in_drag_area() property draggable will not be checked
desktop platforms.
Warning: custom_titlebar must be set to True for the widget to be successfully set
as a titlebar
set_icon(filename)
Set the icon of the window.
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set_system_cursor(cursor_name)
Set type of a mouse cursor in the Window.
It can be one of ‘arrow’, ‘ibeam’, ‘wait’, ‘crosshair’, ‘wait_arrow’, ‘size_nwse’, ‘size_nesw’,
‘size_we’, ‘size_ns’, ‘size_all’, ‘no’, or ‘hand’.
On some platforms there might not be a specific cursor supported and such an option falls
back to one of the substitutable alternatives:
Windows MacOS Linux X11 Linux Wayland

arrow arrow arrow arrow arrow
ibeam ibeam ibeam ibeam ibeam
wait wait arrow wait wait
crosshair crosshair crosshair crosshair hand
wait_arrow arrow arrow wait wait
size_nwse size_nwse size_all size_all hand
size_nesw size_nesw size_all size_all hand
size_we size_we size_we size_we hand
size_ns size_ns size_ns size_ns hand
size_all size_all size_all size_all hand
no no no no ibeam
hand hand hand hand hand
desktop platforms.
set_title(title)
Set the window title.
set_vkeyboard_class(cls)
Set the VKeyboard class to use. If set to None, it will use the kivy.uix.vkeyboard.
VKeyboard.
shape_color_key
Color key of the shaped window - sets which color will be hidden from the window
shape_image (only works for sdl2 window provider).
shape_color_key is a ColorProperty instance and defaults to [1, 1, 1, 1].
Changed in version 2.0.0: Changed from ListProperty to ColorProperty.
shape_cutoff
The window shape_image cutoff property (only works for sdl2 window provider).
shape_cutoff is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
shape_image
An image for the window shape (only works for sdl2 window provider).
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Warning: The image size has to be the same like the window’s size!

shape_image is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘data/images/defaultshape.png’.
This value is taken from Config.
shape_mode
Window mode for shaping (only works for sdl2 window provider).
• can be RGB only
– default - does nothing special
– colorkey - hides a color of the shape_color_key
• has to contain alpha channel
– binalpha - hides an alpha channel of the shape_image
– reversebinalpha - shows only the alpha of the shape_image
Note: Before actually setting the mode make sure the Window has the same size like the
shape_image, preferably via Config before the Window is actually created.
If the shape_image isn’t set, the default one will be used and the mode might not take the
desired visual effect.

shape_mode is an AliasProperty.
shaped
Read only property to check if the window is shapable or not (only works for sdl2 window
provider).
shaped is an AliasProperty.
show()
Shows the window. This method should be used on desktop platforms only.
desktop platforms.
show_cursor
Set whether or not the cursor is shown on the window.
show_cursor is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
size
Get the rotated size of the window. If rotation is set, then the size will change to reflect
the rotation.
size is an AliasProperty.
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softinput_mode
This specifies the behavior of window contents on display of the soft keyboard on mobile
platforms. It can be one of ‘’, ‘pan’, ‘scale’, ‘resize’ or ‘below_target’. Their effects are listed
below.
Value Effect
‘’ The main window is left as is, allowing you to use the keyboard_height to
manage the window contents manually.
‘pan’ The main window pans, moving the bottom part of the window to be always
on top of the keyboard.
‘resize’ The window is resized and the contents scaled to fit the remaining space.
‘be- The window pans so that the current target TextInput widget requesting the
low_target’ keyboard is presented just above the soft keyboard.
softinput_mode is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘’.
Note: The resize option does not currently work with SDL2 on Android.

Changed in version 1.9.1: The ‘below_target’ option was added.
system_size
Real size of the window ignoring rotation. If the density is not 1, the system_size is the
size divided by density.
system_size is an AliasProperty.
to_normalized_pos(x, y)
Transforms absolute coordinates to normalized (0-1) coordinates using system_size.
toggle_fullscreen()
Toggle between fullscreen and windowed mode.
Deprecated since version 1.9.0: Use fullscreen instead.
top
Top position of the window.
Note: It’s an SDL2 property with [0, 0] in the top-left corner.
Changed in version 1.10.0: top is now an AliasProperty

top is an AliasProperty and defaults to the position set in Config.
transform_motion_event_2d(me, widget=None)
Transforms the motion event me to this window size and then if widget is passed transforms
me to widget’s local coordinates.
Raises AttributeError: If widget’s ancestor is None.
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Note: Unless it’s a specific case, call push() before and pop() after this method’s call to
preserve previous values of me’s attributes.

ungrab_mouse()
Ungrab mouse
unregister_event_manager(manager)
Unregister and stop an event manager previously registered with
register_event_manager().
Warning: This is an experimental method and it remains so until this warning is present
as it can be changed or removed in the next versions of Kivy.
width
Rotated window width.
width is a read-only AliasProperty.
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338
CHAPTER
THIRTYTHREE
KIVY MODULE FOR BINARY

DEPENDENCIES.
Binary dependencies such as gstreamer is installed as a namespace module of kivy.deps. These modules
are responsible for making sure that the binaries are available to kivy.
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340
CHAPTER
THIRTYFOUR
EFFECTS

Everything starts with the KineticEffect, the base class for computing velocity out of a movement.
This base class is used to implement the ScrollEffect, a base class used for our ScrollView widget
effect. We have multiple implementations:
• ScrollEffect: base class used for implementing an effect. It only calculates the scrolling and
the overscroll.
• DampedScrollEffect: uses the overscroll information to allow the user to drag more than
expected. Once the user stops the drag, the position is returned to one of the bounds.
• OpacityScrollEffect: uses the overscroll information to reduce the opacity of the scrollview
widget. When the user stops the drag, the opacity is set back to 1.
34.1 Damped scroll effect

This damped scroll effect will use the overscroll to calculate the scroll value, and slows going back
to the upper or lower limit.
class kivy.effects.dampedscroll.DampedScrollEffect(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.effects.scroll.ScrollEffect
DampedScrollEffect class. See the module documentation for more information.
edge_damping
Edge damping.
edge_damping is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.25
min_overscroll
An overscroll less than this amount will be normalized to 0.
min_overscroll is a NumericProperty and defaults to .5.
round_value
If True, when the motion stops, value is rounded to the nearest integer.
round_value is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
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spring_constant
Spring constant.
spring_constant is a NumericProperty and defaults to 2.0
update_velocity(dt)
(internal) Update the velocity according to the frametime and friction.
34.2 Kinetic effect

The KineticEffect is the base class that is used to compute the velocity out of a movement. When the
movement is finished, the effect will compute the position of the movement according to the velocity,
and reduce the velocity with a friction. The movement stop until the velocity is 0.
Conceptually, the usage could be:
>>> effect = KineticEffect()

>>> effect.start(10)
>>> effect.update(15)
>>> effect.update(30)
>>> effect.stop(48)
Over the time, you will start a movement of a value, update it, and stop the movement. At this time,
you’ll get the movement value into KineticEffect.value. On the example i’ve typed manually, the
computed velocity will be:
>>> effect.velocity
3.1619100231163046
After multiple clock interaction, the velocity will decrease according to KineticEffect.friction.
The computed value will be stored in KineticEffect.value. The output of this value could be:
46.30038145219605
54.58302451968686
61.9229016256196
# ...
class kivy.effects.kinetic.KineticEffect(**kwargs)
Kinetic effect class. See module documentation for more information.
cancel()
Cancel a movement. This can be used in case stop() cannot be called. It will reset
is_manual to False, and compute the movement if the velocity is > 0.
friction
Friction to apply on the velocity
friction is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.05.
is_manual
Indicate if a movement is in progress (True) or not (False).
is_manual is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
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max_history
Save up to max_history movement value into the history. This is used for correctly calculating
the velocity according to the movement.
max_history is a NumericProperty and defaults to 5.
min_distance
The minimal distance for a movement to have nonzero velocity.
min_distance is NumericProperty and defaults to 0.1.
min_velocity
Velocity below this quantity is normalized to 0. In other words, any motion whose velocity
falls below this number is stopped.
min_velocity is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.5.
start(val, t=None)
Start the movement.
Parameters
val: float or int Value of the movement
t: float, defaults to None Time when the movement happen. If no time is set, it
will use time.time()
std_dt
std_dt correction update_velocity if dt is not constant

std_dt is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.017.
stop(val, t=None)
Stop the movement.
See start() for the arguments.
update(val, t=None)
Update the movement.
update_velocity(dt)
(internal) Update the velocity according to the frametime and friction.
value
Value (during the movement and computed) of the effect.
value is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
velocity
Velocity of the movement.
velocity is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
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34.3 Opacity scroll effect
Based on the DampedScrollEffect, this one will also decrease the opacity of the target widget during
the overscroll.
class kivy.effects.opacityscroll.OpacityScrollEffect(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.effects.dampedscroll.DampedScrollEffect
OpacityScrollEffect class. Uses the overscroll information to reduce the opacity of the scrollview
widget. When the user stops the drag, the opacity is set back to 1.
34.4 Scroll effect

Based on the kinetic effect, the ScrollEffect will limit the movement to bounds determined by
its min and max properties. If the movement exceeds these bounds, it will calculate the amount of
overscroll and try to return to the value of one of the bounds.
This is very useful for implementing a scrolling list. We actually use this class as a base effect for our
ScrollView widget.
class kivy.effects.scroll.ScrollEffect(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.effects.kinetic.KineticEffect
ScrollEffect class. See the module documentation for more information.
displacement
Cumulative distance of the movement during the interaction. This is used to determine if
the movement is a drag (more than drag_threshold) or not.
displacement is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
drag_threshold
Minimum distance to travel before the movement is considered as a drag.
drag_threshold is a NumericProperty and defaults to 20sp.
max
Maximum boundary to use for scrolling.
max is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
min
Minimum boundary to use for scrolling.
min is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
overscroll
Computed value when the user over-scrolls i.e. goes out of the bounds.
overscroll is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
reset(pos)
(internal) Reset the value and the velocity to the pos. Mostly used when the bounds are
checked.
scroll
Computed value for scrolling. This value is different from kivy.effects.kinetic.
KineticEffect.value in that it will return to one of the min/max bounds.
scroll is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
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start(val, t=None)
Start the movement.
Parameters
val: float or int Value of the movement
t: float, defaults to None Time when the movement happen. If no time is set, it
will use time.time()
stop(val, t=None)
Stop the movement.
target_widget
Widget to attach to this effect. Even if this class doesn’t make changes to the target_widget by
default, subclasses can use it to change the graphics or apply custom transformations.
target_widget is a ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
update(val, t=None)
Update the movement.
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346
CHAPTER
THIRTYFIVE
EVENT MANAGER
The EventManagerBase is the abstract class intended for specific implementation of dispatching mo-
tion events (instances of MotionEvent) to widgets through on_motion() method of the Widget
class.
Warning: This feature is experimental and it remains so while this warning is present.
Manager is a layer between the window and its widgets. WindowBase will forward all the events it
receives in on_motion() method to the all managers who declared to receive types of those events.
Event will continue to go through the managers list even if one of them accept it (by returning True).
35.1 When to use an event manager
Use a manager when you want to:

• Dispatch touch, hover, keyboard, joystick or any other events to the widgets through
on_motion() method.
• Dispatch filtered motion events by any criteria, like by a device or a profile.
• Combine several motion events (touch, hover etc.) into one new event and dispatch it to the
widgets.
• Dispatch one-time generic events, like app pause/resume.
• Write an event simulator, like a touch simulator which draws a circle on window’s canvas for
every simulated touch.
35.2 Defining and registering an event manager
1. Inherit EventManagerBase and set which events this manager should receive by declaring event
types in EventManagerBase.type_ids attribute.
2. Implement EventManagerBase.dispatch() which will be called by window to pass event
type (one of “begin”, “update”, “end”) and an event.
3. Implement EventManagerBase.start() and EventManagerBase.stop() to allocate and
release additional resources if needed.
4. Register a manager instance to window using method register_event_manager(). This can
be done by overriding methods build() or on_start().
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All registered managers are kept in the event_managers list. To unregister a manager call
unregister_event_manager() which itself can be called in on_stop() method.
35.3 Dispatching events to the widgets
Once registered, window will start the manager and forward all events of types declared in
EventManagerBase.type_ids to the manager’s EventManagerBase.dispatch() method. It’s
up to manager to decide how to dispatch them, either by going through EventManagerBase.
window.children list and dispatching on_motion event or by using some different logic. It’s also
up to manager to dispatch grabbed events if grab feature is supported by the event (see grab() and
ungrab() methods).
Manager can assign a different dispatch mode to decide how event should be dispatched throughout the
widget tree by changing the value of the dispatch_mode attribute. Before changing the mode man-
ager should store/restore the current one, either by using a local variable or by using event’s push()
/ pop() methods.
Currently there are three dispatch modes (behaviors) recognized by the on_motion method in Widget
class:
1. Default dispatch (requires MODE_DEFAULT_DISPATCH) - event will go through widget’s children
list, starting with the first widget in the list until event gets accepted or last widget registered for
that event is reached. Mode MODE_DEFAULT_DISPATCH is assigned by default in MotionEvent
class.
2. Filtered dispatch (requires MODE_FILTERED_DISPATCH) - event will go only through registered
child widgets.
3. No dispatch to children (requires MODE_DONT_DISPATCH) - event will not be dispatched to child
widgets.
Note that window does not have a motion_filter property and therefore does not have a list of filtered
widgets from its children list.
class kivy.eventmanager.EventManagerBase
Abstract class with methods start(), stop() and dispatch() for specific class to implement.
Example of the manager receiving touch and hover events:
class TouchHoverManager(EventManagerBase):
type_ids = ('touch', 'hover')
def start(self):
# Create additional resources, bind callbacks to self.window
def dispatch(self, etype, me):

if me.type_id == 'touch':
# Handle touch event
elif me.type_id == 'hover'
# Handle hover event
def stop(self):
# Release resources
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dispatch(etype, me)
Dispatch event me to the widgets in the window.
Parameters
etype: str One of “begin”, “update” or “end”
me: MotionEvent The Motion Event currently dispatched.
Returns bool True to stop event dispatching
start()
Start the manager, bind callbacks to the objects and create additional resources. Attribute
window is assigned when this method is called.
stop()
Stop the manager, unbind from any objects and release any allocated resources.
type_ids = None
Override this attribute to declare the type ids of the events which manager wants to re-
ceive. This attribute will be used by WindowBase to know which events to pass to the
dispatch() method.
window = None
Holds the instance of the WindowBase.
kivy.eventmanager.MODE_DEFAULT_DISPATCH = 'default'
Assign this mode to make event dispatch through widget’s children list, starting with the first
widget in the list until event gets accepted or last widget registered for that event is reached.
Widgets after the last registered widget are ignored.
kivy.eventmanager.MODE_DONT_DISPATCH = 'none'
Assign this mode to prevent event from dispatching to child widgets.
kivy.eventmanager.MODE_FILTERED_DISPATCH = 'filtered'
Assign this mode to make event dispatch only to child widgets which were previously registered
to receive events of the same type_id and not to all child widgets.
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350
CHAPTER
THIRTYSIX
GARDEN

Garden is a project to centralize addons for Kivy maintained by users. You can find more information
at Kivy Garden. All the garden packages are centralized on the kivy-garden Github repository.
Warning: The garden flower widgets are contributed by regular users such as yourself. The kivy
developers do not take any responsibility for the code hosted in the garden organization repositories
- we do not actively monitor the flower repos. Please use at your own risk.
36.1 Update to garden structure
Starting with the kivy 1.11.0 release, kivy has shifted from using the garden legacy tool that installs
flowers with garden install flower where the flower does not have a proper python package structure to
flowers that can be installed with pip and uploaded to pypi. Kivy supports the legacy garden flowers
side by side with the newer packages so the garden tool and legacy flowers will be able to be used
indefinitely. But we will only provide support for the newer packages format in the future.
For garden package maintainers - for a guide how to migrate your garden package from the legacy
structure garden.flower to the newer flower structure used with the pip, see this guide.
We hope most garden packages will be converted to the newer format to help with installation.
36.2 General Usage Guidelines
To use a kivy garden flower, first check if the flower is in the legacy format. If the flower name is in the
format of garden.flower, such as garden.graph it is a legacy flower. If it is just flower such as graph it is in
the present format. If it is in the legacy format see Legacy garden tool instructions for how to install and
use it. Otherwise, continue with the guide below.
Garden flowers can now be installed with the pip tool like a normal python package. Given a flower
that you want to install, lets use graph as an example. You can install master directly from github with:
python -m pip install https://github.com/kivy-garden/graph/archive/master.

,→zip
Look under the repository’s releases tab if you’d like to install a specific release or a pre-compiled wheel,
if the flower has any. Then use the url with pip.
Or you can automatically install it using garden’s pypi server with:
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python -m pip install kivy_garden.graph --extra-index-url https://kivy-
,→garden.github.io/simple/
To permanently add our garden server to your pip configuration so that you don’t have to specify it
with –extra-index-url, add:
[global]
timeout = 60
index-url = https://kivy-garden.github.io/simple/
to your pip.conf.
If the flower maintainer has uploaded the flower to pypi, you can just install it with pip install
kivy_garden.flower.
36.3 Legacy garden tool instructions
Garden is now distributed as a separate Python module, kivy-garden. You can install it with pip:
pip install kivy-garden
The garden module does not initially include any packages. You can download them with the garden
tool installed by the pip package:
# Installing a garden package

garden install graph
# Upgrade a garden package

garden install --upgrade graph
# Uninstall a garden package

garden uninstall graph
# List all the garden packages installed

garden list
# Search new packages

garden search
# Search all the packages that contain "graph"

garden search graph
# Show the help

garden --help
All the garden packages are installed by default in ~/.kivy/garden.
Note: In previous versions of Kivy, garden was a tool at kivy/tools/garden. This no longer exists, but
the kivy-garden module provides exactly the same functionality.
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36.3.1 Packaging
If you want to include garden packages in your application, you can add –app to the install command.
This will create a libs/garden directory in your current directory which will be used by kivy.garden.
For example:
cd myapp
garden install --app graph
kivy.garden.garden_system_dir = 'garden'
system path where garden modules can be installed
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354
CHAPTER
THIRTYSEVEN
GRAPHICS
This package assembles many low level functions used for drawing. The whole graphics package is
compatible with OpenGL ES 2.0 and has many rendering optimizations.
37.1 The basics
For drawing on a screen, you will need :

1. a Canvas object.
2. Instruction objects.
Each Widget in Kivy already has a Canvas by default. When you create a widget, you can create all
the instructions needed for drawing. If self is your current widget, you can do:
from kivy.graphics import *

with self.canvas:
# Add a red color
Color(1., 0, 0)
# Add a rectangle
Rectangle(pos=(10, 10), size=(500, 500))
The instructions Color and Rectangle are automatically added to the canvas object and will be used
when the window is drawn.
Note: Kivy drawing instructions are not automatically relative to the position or size of the widget.
You, therefore, need to consider these factors when drawing. In order to make your drawing instruc-
tions relative to the widget, the instructions need either to be declared in the KvLang or bound to pos
and size changes. Please see Adding a Background to a Layout for more detail.
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37.2 GL Reloading mechanism
During the lifetime of the application, the OpenGL context might be lost. This happens:
• when the window is resized on OS X or the Windows platform and you’re using pygame as a
window provider. This is due to SDL 1.2. In the SDL 1.2 design, it needs to recreate a GL context
everytime the window is resized. This was fixed in SDL 1.3 but pygame is not yet available on it
by default.
• when Android releases the app resources: when your application goes to the background, An-
droid might reclaim your opengl context to give the resource to another app. When the user
switches back to your application, a newly created gl context is given to your app.
Starting from 1.2.0, we have introduced a mechanism for reloading all the graphics resources using the
GPU: Canvas, FBO, Shader, Texture, VBO, and VertexBatch:
• VBO and VertexBatch are constructed by our graphics instructions. We have all the data needed
to reconstruct when reloading.
• Shader: same as VBO, we store the source and values used in the shader so we are able to recreate
the vertex/fragment/program.
• Texture: if the texture has a source (an image file or atlas), the image is reloaded from the source
and reuploaded to the GPU.
You should cover these cases yourself:
• Textures without a source: if you manually created a texture and manually blit data / a buffer to
it, you must handle the reloading yourself. Check the Texture to learn how to manage that case.
(The text rendering already generates the texture and handles the reloading. You don’t need to
reload text yourself.)
• FBO: if you added / removed / drew things multiple times on the FBO, we can’t reload it. We
don’t keep a history of the instructions put on it. As for textures without a source, check the
Framebuffer to learn how to manage that case.
class kivy.graphics.ApplyContextMatrix(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.graphics.instructions.ContextInstruction
target_stack by the matrix at the top of the ‘source_stack’
source_stack
Name of the matrix stack to use as a source. Can be ‘modelview_mat’, ‘projection_mat’ or
‘frag_modelview_mat’.
target_stack
Name of the matrix stack to use as a target. Can be ‘modelview_mat’, ‘projection_mat’ or
class kivy.graphics.Bezier(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.graphics.instructions.VertexInstruction
Parameters
points: list List of points in the format (x1, y1, x2, y2. . . )
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segments: int, defaults to 180 Define how many segments are needed for drawing
the curve. The drawing will be smoother if you have many segments.
loop: bool, defaults to False Set the bezier curve to join the last point to the first.
dash_length: int Length of a segment (if dashed), defaults to 1.
dash_offset: int Distance between the end of a segment and the start of the next
one, defaults to 0. Changing this makes it dashed.
dash_length
Property for getting/setting the length of the dashes in the curve.
dash_offset
Property for getting/setting the offset between the dashes in the curve.
points
Property for getting/settings the points of the triangle.
Warning: This will always reconstruct the whole graphic from the new points list. It can
be very CPU intensive.
segments
Property for getting/setting the number of segments of the curve.
class kivy.graphics.BindTexture(**kwargs)
The BindTexture Instruction will bind a texture and enable GL_TEXTURE_2D for subsequent
drawing.
Parameters
texture: Texture Specifies the texture to bind to the given index.
source
Set/get the source (filename) to load for the texture.
class kivy.graphics.BorderImage(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Rectangle
concept of a CSS3 border-image.
Parameters
border: list Border information in the format (bottom, right, top, left). Each value
is in pixels.
auto_scale: string New in version 1.9.1.
Changed in version 1.9.2: This used to be a bool and has been changed to be a
string state.
Can be one of ‘off’, ‘both’, ‘x_only’, ‘y_only’, ‘y_full_x_lower’, ‘x_full_y_lower’,
‘both_lower’.
Autoscale controls the behavior of the 9-slice.
By default the border values are preserved exactly, meaning that if the total size
of the object is smaller than the border values you will have some ‘rendering
errors’ where your texture appears inside out. This also makes it impossible to
achieve a rounded button that scales larger than the size of its source texture.
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The various options for auto_scale will let you achieve some mixes of the 2
types of rendering.
‘off’: is the default and behaves as BorderImage did when auto_scale was False
before.
‘both’: Scales both x and y dimension borders according to the size of the Bor-
derImage, this disables the BorderImage making it render the same as a regular
Image.
‘x_only’: The Y dimension functions as the default, and the X scales to the size
of the BorderImage’s width.
‘y_only’: The X dimension functions as the default, and the Y scales to the size
of the BorderImage’s height.
‘y_full_x_lower’: Y scales as in ‘y_only’, Y scales if the size of the scaled version
would be smaller than the provided border only.
‘x_full_y_lower’: X scales as in ‘x_only’, Y scales if the size of the scaled version
‘both_lower’: This is what auto_scale did when it was True in 1.9.1 Both X and
Y dimensions will be scaled if the BorderImage is smaller than the source.
If the BorderImage’s size is less than the sum of its borders, horizontally or
vertically, and this property is set to True, the borders will be rescaled to accom-
modate for the smaller size.
auto_scale
Property for setting if the corners are automatically scaled when the BorderImage is too
small.
border
Property for getting/setting the border of the class.
display_border
Property for getting/setting the border display size.
class kivy.graphics.Callback(callback=None, **kwargs)
Bases: kivy.graphics.instructions.Instruction
A Callback is an instruction that will be called when the drawing operation is performed. When
adding instructions to a canvas, you can do this:
with self.canvas:
Color(1, 1, 1)
Callback(self.my_callback)
The definition of the callback must be:
def my_callback(self, instr):

print('I have been called!')
Warning: Note that if you perform many and/or costly calls to callbacks, you might poten-
tially slow down the rendering performance significantly.
The updating of your canvas does not occur until something new happens. From your callback,
you can ask for an update:
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with self.canvas:
self.cb = Callback(self.my_callback)
# then later in the code
self.cb.ask_update()
If you use the Callback class to call rendering methods of another toolkit, you will have issues
with the OpenGL context. The OpenGL state may have been manipulated by the other toolkit,
and as soon as program flow returns to Kivy, it will just break. You can have glitches, crashes,
black holes might occur, etc. To avoid that, you can activate the reset_context option. It will
reset the OpenGL context state to make Kivy’s rendering correct after the call to your callback.
Warning: The reset_context is not a full OpenGL reset. If you have issues regarding that,
please contact us.
ask_update()
Inform the parent canvas that we’d like it to update on the next frame. This is useful when
you need to trigger a redraw due to some value having changed for example.
callback
Property for getting/setting func.
reset_context
Set this to True if you want to reset the OpenGL context for Kivy after the callback has been
called.
class kivy.graphics.Canvas(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.graphics.instructions.CanvasBase
instructions that you want to be used for drawing.
Note: The Canvas supports Python’s with statement and its enter & exit semantics.
Usage of a canvas without the with statement:
self.canvas.add(Color(1., 1., 0))

self.canvas.add(Rectangle(size=(50, 50)))
Usage of a canvas with Python’s with statement:
with self.canvas:
Color(1., 1., 0)
Rectangle(size=(50, 50))
add(Instruction c)
after
Property for getting the ‘after’ group.
ask_update()
Inform the canvas that we’d like it to update on the next frame. This is useful when you need
to trigger a redraw due to some value having changed for example.
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before
Property for getting the ‘before’ group.
clear()
Clears every Instruction in the canvas, leaving it clean.
draw()
Apply the instruction to our window.
has_after
Property to see if the after group has already been created.
has_before
Property to see if the before group has already been created.
opacity
Property to get/set the opacity value of the canvas.
The opacity attribute controls the opacity of the canvas and its children. Be careful, it’s a
cumulative attribute: the value is multiplied to the current global opacity and the result is
applied to the current context color.
For example: if your parent has an opacity of 0.5 and a child has an opacity of 0.2, the real
opacity of the child will be 0.5 * 0.2 = 0.1.
Then, the opacity is applied on the shader as:
frag_color = color * vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, opacity);
remove(Instruction c)
class kivy.graphics.CanvasBase
Bases: kivy.graphics.instructions.InstructionGroup
CanvasBase provides the context manager methods for the Canvas.
class kivy.graphics.ChangeState(**kwargs)
current render context.
class kivy.graphics.ClearBuffers(*args, **kwargs)
Clear the buffers specified by the instructions buffer mask property. By default, only the coloc
buffer is cleared.
clear_color
If True, the color buffer will be cleared.
clear_depth
If True, the depth buffer will be cleared.
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clear_stencil
If True, the stencil buffer will be cleared.
class kivy.graphics.ClearColor(r, g, b, a, **kwargs)
Sets the clear color used to clear buffers with the glClear function or ClearBuffers graphics
instructions.
a
Alpha component, between 0 and 1.
b
Blue component, between 0 and 1.
g
Green component, between 0 and 1.
r
Red component, between 0 and 1.
rgb
RGB color, a list of 3 values in 0-1 range where alpha will be 1.
rgba
RGBA color used for the clear color, a list of 4 values in the 0-1 range.
class kivy.graphics.Color(*args, **kwargs)
drawn after it.
This represents a color between 0 and 1, but is applied as a multiplier to the texture of any vertex
instructions following it in a canvas. If no texture is set, the vertex instruction takes the precise
color of the Color instruction.
For instance, if a Rectangle has a texture with uniform color (0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0) and the
preceding Color has rgba=(1, 0.5, 2, 1), the actual visible color will be (0.5, 0.25, 1.
0, 1.0) since the Color instruction is applied as a multiplier to every rgba component. In this
case, a Color component outside the 0-1 range gives a visible result as the intensity of the blue
component is doubled.
To declare a Color in Python, you can do:
from kivy.graphics import Color
# create red v
c = Color(1, 0, 0)
# create blue color
c = Color(0, 1, 0)
# create blue color with 50% alpha
c = Color(0, 1, 0, .5)
# using hsv mode

c = Color(0, 1, 1, mode='hsv')
# using hsv mode + alpha
c = Color(0, 1, 1, .2, mode='hsv')
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You can also set color components that are available as properties by passing them as keyword
arguments:
c = Color(b=0.5) # sets the blue component only
In kv lang you can set the color properties directly:
<Rule>:
canvas:
# red color
Color:
rgb: 1, 0, 0
# blue color
Color:
rgb: 0, 1, 0
# blue color with 50% alpha
Color:
rgba: 0, 1, 0, .5
# using hsv mode

Color:
hsv: 0, 1, 1
Color:
hsv: 0, 1, 1
a: .5
a
b
g
h
Hue component, between 0 and 1.
hsv
HSV color, list of 3 values in 0-1 range, alpha will be 1.
r
rgb
RGB color, list of 3 values in 0-1 range. The alpha will be 1.
rgba
RGBA color, list of 4 values in 0-1 range.
s
Saturation component, between 0 and 1.
v
Value component, between 0 and 1.
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class kivy.graphics.ContextInstruction(**kwargs)
that don’t have a direct visual representation, but instead modify the current Canvas’ state, e.g.
texture binding, setting color parameters, matrix manipulation and so on.
class kivy.graphics.Ellipse(*args, **kwargs)
Changed in version 1.0.7: Added angle_start and angle_end.
Parameters
the ellipse. The drawing will be smoother if you have many segments.
angle_start: int, defaults to 0 Specifies the starting angle, in degrees, of the disk
portion.
angle_end: int, defaults to 360 Specifies the ending angle, in degrees, of the disk
portion.
angle_end
End angle of the ellipse in degrees, defaults to 360.
angle_start
Start angle of the ellipse in degrees, defaults to 0.
segments
Property for getting/setting the number of segments of the ellipse.
class kivy.graphics.Fbo(*args, **kwargs)
Bases: kivy.graphics.instructions.RenderContext
“with” statement.
Parameters
clear_color: tuple, defaults to (0, 0, 0, 0) Define the default color for clearing the
framebuffer
size: tuple, defaults to (1024, 1024) Default size of the framebuffer
push_viewport: bool, defaults to True If True, the OpenGL viewport will be set to
the framebuffer size, and will be automatically restored when the framebuffer
released.
with_depthbuffer: bool, defaults to False If True, the framebuffer will be allocated
with a Z buffer.
with_stencilbuffer: bool, defaults to False New in version 1.9.0.
If True, the framebuffer will be allocated with a stencil buffer.
texture: Texture, defaults to None If None, a default texture will be created.
Note: Using both of with_stencilbuffer and with_depthbuffer is not supported in kivy

1.9.0
add_reload_observer(callback)
Add a callback to be called after the whole graphics context has been reloaded. This is where
you can reupload your custom data in GPU.
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Parameters
callback: func(context) -> return None The first parameter will be the context
itself
bind()
Bind the FBO to the current opengl context. Bind mean that you enable the Framebuffer, and
all the drawing operations will act inside the Framebuffer, until release() is called.
The bind/release operations are automatically called when you add graphics objects into it.
If you want to manipulate a Framebuffer yourself, you can use it like this:
self.fbo = FBO()
self.fbo.bind()
# do any drawing command
self.fbo.release()
# then, your fbo texture is available at

print(self.fbo.texture)
clear_buffer()
Clear the framebuffer with the clear_color.
You need to bind the framebuffer yourself before calling this method:
fbo.bind()
fbo.clear_buffer()
fbo.release()
clear_color
Clear color in (red, green, blue, alpha) format.
get_pixel_color(int wx, int wy)
Get the color of the pixel with specified window coordinates wx, wy. It returns result in
RGBA format.
pixels
Get the pixels texture, in RGBA format only, unsigned byte. The origin of the image is at
bottom left.
release()
Release the Framebuffer (unbind).
remove_reload_observer(callback)
Remove a callback from the observer list, previously added by add_reload_observer().
size
Size of the framebuffer, in (width, height) format.
If you change the size, the framebuffer content will be lost.
texture
Return the framebuffer texture
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exception kivy.graphics.GraphicException
Bases: Exception
Exception raised when a graphics error is fired.
class kivy.graphics.Instruction(**kwargs)
usage only, don’t use it directly.
flag_data_update()
flag_update(int do_parent=1)
group
group: unicode
proxy_ref
Return a proxy reference to the Instruction i.e. without creating a reference of the widget.
See weakref.proxy for more information.
class kivy.graphics.InstructionGroup(**kwargs)
of graphics instructions. It can be used directly as follows:
blue = InstructionGroup() blue.add(Color(0, 0, 1, 0.2)) blue.add(Rectangle(pos=self.pos, size=(100,
100)))
green = InstructionGroup() green.add(Color(0, 1, 0, 0.4)) green.add(Rectangle(pos=(100, 100),
size=(100, 100)))
# Here, self should be a Widget or subclass [self.canvas.add(group) for group in [blue, green]]
add(Instruction c)
Add a new Instruction to our list.
children
children: list
clear()
Remove all the Instructions.
get_group(unicode groupname)
Return an iterable for all the Instructions with a specific group name.
indexof(Instruction c)
insert(int index, Instruction c)

Insert a new Instruction into our list at index.
length()
Remove an existing Instruction from our list.
remove_group(unicode groupname)
Remove all Instructions with a specific group name.
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class kivy.graphics.Line(**kwargs)
Drawing a line can be done easily:
with self.canvas:
Line(points=[100, 100, 200, 100, 100, 200], width=10)
The line has 3 internal drawing modes that you should be aware of for optimal results:
1. If the width is 1.0, then the standard GL_LINE drawing from OpenGL will be used.
dash_length, dash_offset, and dashes will work, while properties for cap and joint
have no meaning here.
2. If the width is greater than 1.0, then a custom drawing method, based on triangulation, will
be used. dash_length, dash_offset, and dashes do not work in this mode. Addition-
ally, if the current color has an alpha less than 1.0, a stencil will be used internally to draw
the line.
Parameters
dash_offset: int Offset between the end of a segment and the beginning of the next
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dashes: list of ints List of [ON length, offset, ON length, offset, . . . ]. E.g. [2,4,1,
6,8,2] would create a line with the first dash length 2 then an offset of 4 then
a dash length of 1 then an offset of 6 and so on. Defaults to []. Changing this
makes it dashed and overrides dash_length and dash_offset.
width: float Width of the line, defaults to 1.0.
cap: str, defaults to ‘round’ See cap for more information.
joint: str, defaults to ‘round’ See joint for more information.
cap_precision: int, defaults to 10 See cap_precision for more information
joint_precision: int, defaults to 10 See joint_precision for more information
See cap_precision for more information.
joint_precision: int, defaults to 10 See joint_precision for more information.
close: bool, defaults to False If True, the line will be closed.
circle: list If set, the points will be set to build a circle. See circle for more
information.
ellipse: list If set, the points will be set to build an ellipse. See ellipse for more
information.
rectangle: list If set, the points will be set to build a rectangle. See rectangle
bezier: list If set, the points will be set to build a bezier line. See bezier for more
information.
bezier_precision: int, defaults to 180 Precision of the Bezier drawing.
Changed in version 1.0.8: dash_offset and dash_length have been added.
Changed in version 1.4.1: width, cap, joint, cap_precision, joint_precision, close, ellipse, rectangle have
been added.
Changed in version 1.4.1: bezier, bezier_precision have been added.
Changed in version 1.11.0: dashes have been added
bezier
Use this property to build a bezier line, without calculating the points. You can only set
this property, not get it.
The argument must be a tuple of 2n elements, n being the number of points.
Usage:
Line(bezier=(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3)
Note: Bezier lines calculations are inexpensive for a low number of points, but complexity
is quadratic, so lines with a lot of points can be very expensive to build, use with care!
bezier_precision
Number of iteration for drawing the bezier between 2 segments, defaults to 180. The
bezier_precision must be at least 1.
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cap
Determine the cap of the line, defaults to ‘round’. Can be one of ‘none’, ‘square’ or ‘round’
cap_precision
Number of iteration for drawing the “round” cap, defaults to 10. The cap_precision must be
at least 1.
circle
Use this property to build a circle, without calculating the points. You can only set this
property, not get it.
The argument must be a tuple of (center_x, center_y, radius, angle_start, angle_end, seg-
ments):
• center_x and center_y represent the center of the circle
• radius represent the radius of the circle
• (optional) angle_start and angle_end are in degree. The default value is 0 and 360.
• (optional) segments is the precision of the ellipse. The default value is calculated from
the range between angle.
Note that it’s up to you to close the circle or not.
For example, for building a simple ellipse, in python:
# simple circle
Line(circle=(150, 150, 50))
# only from 90 to 180 degrees

Line(circle=(150, 150, 50, 90, 180))
# only from 90 to 180 degrees, with few segments

Line(circle=(150, 150, 50, 90, 180, 20))

close
If True, the line will be closed.
dash_length
Property for getting/setting the length of the dashes in the curve
dash_offset
Property for getting/setting the offset between the dashes in the curve
dashes
Property for getting/setting dashes.
List of [ON length, offset, ON length, offset, . . . ]. E.g. [2,4,1,6,8,2] would create a line
with the first dash length 2 then an offset of 4 then a dash length of 1 then an offset of 6 and
so on.
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ellipse
Use this property to build an ellipse, without calculating the points. You can only set this
The argument must be a tuple of (x, y, width, height, angle_start, angle_end, segments):
• x and y represent the bottom left of the ellipse
• width and height represent the size of the ellipse
Note that it’s up to you to close the ellipse or not.
# simple ellipse
Line(ellipse=(0, 0, 150, 150))

Line(ellipse=(0, 0, 150, 150, 90, 180))

Line(ellipse=(0, 0, 150, 150, 90, 180, 20))

joint
Determine the join of the line, defaults to ‘round’. Can be one of ‘none’, ‘round’, ‘bevel’,
‘miter’.
joint_precision
Number of iteration for drawing the “round” joint, defaults to 10. The joint_precision must
be at least 1.
points
Property for getting/settings points of the line
Warning: This will always reconstruct the whole graphics from the new points list. It
can be very CPU expensive.
rectangle
Use this property to build a rectangle, without calculating the points. You can only set this
The argument must be a tuple of (x, y, width, height):
• x and y represent the bottom-left position of the rectangle
• width and height represent the size
The line is automatically closed.
Usage:
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Line(rectangle=(0, 0, 200, 200))

rounded_rectangle
The argument must be a tuple of one of the following forms:
• (x, y, width, height, corner_radius)
• (x, y, width, height, corner_radius, resolution)
• (x, y, width, height, corner_radius1, corner_radius2, corner_radius3, corner_radius4)
• (x, y, width, height, corner_radius1, corner_radius2, corner_radius3, corner_radius4, res-
olution)
• corner_radius is the number of pixels between two borders and the center of the circle
arc joining them
• resolution is the number of line segment that will be used to draw the circle arc at each
corner (defaults to 30)
Usage:
Line(rounded_rectangle=(0, 0, 200, 200, 10, 20, 30, 40, 100))

width
Determine the width of the line, defaults to 1.0.
class kivy.graphics.LoadIdentity(**kwargs)
the instructions stack property (default=’modelview_mat’)
stack
Name of the matrix stack to use. Can be ‘modelview_mat’, ‘projection_mat’ or
class kivy.graphics.MatrixInstruction(*args, **kwargs)
matrix
Matrix property. Matrix from the transformation module. Setting the matrix using this prop-
erty when a change is made is important because it will notify the context about the update.
stack
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class kivy.graphics.Mesh(**kwargs)
In OpenGL ES 2.0 and in our graphics implementation, you cannot have more than 65535 indices.
A list of vertices is described as:
vertices = [x1, y1, u1, v1, x2, y2, u2, v2, ...]
| | | |
+---- i1 ----+ +---- i2 ----+
If you want to draw a triangle, add 3 vertices. You can then make an indices list as follows:
indices = [0, 1, 2]
Parameters
vertices: iterable List of vertices in the format (x1, y1, u1, v1, x2, y2, u2, v2. . . ).
indices: iterable List of indices in the format (i1, i2, i3. . . ).
mode: str Mode of the vbo. Check mode for more information. Defaults to ‘points’.
fmt: list The format for vertices, by default, each vertex is described by 2D coordi-
nates (x, y) and 2D texture coordinate (u, v). Each element of the list should be
a tuple or list, of the form
(variable_name, size, type)
which will allow mapping vertex data to the glsl instructions.
[(b’v_pos’, 2, ‘float’), (b’v_tc’, 2, ‘float’),]
will allow using
attribute vec2 v_pos; attribute vec2 v_tc;
in glsl’s vertex shader.
Changed in version 1.8.1: Before, vertices and indices would always be converted to a list, now,
they are only converted to a list if they do not implement the buffer interface. So e.g. numpy
arrays, python arrays etc. are used in place, without creating any additional copies. However, the
buffers cannot be readonly (even though they are not changed, due to a cython limitation) and
must be contiguous in memory.
Note: When passing a memoryview or a instance that implements the buffer interface, vertices
should be a buffer of floats (‘f’ code in python array) and indices should be a buffer of unsigned
short (‘H’ code in python array). Arrays in other formats will still have to be converted internally,
negating any potential gain.
indices
Vertex indices used to specify the order when drawing the mesh.
mode
VBO Mode used for drawing vertices/indices. Can be one of ‘points’, ‘line_strip’, ‘line_loop’,
‘lines’, ‘triangles’, ‘triangle_strip’ or ‘triangle_fan’.
vertices
List of x, y, u, v coordinates used to construct the Mesh. Right now, the Mesh instruction
doesn’t allow you to change the format of the vertices, which means it’s only x, y + one
texture coordinate.
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class kivy.graphics.Point(**kwargs)
width/height of 2 times the pointsize.
Parameters
points: list List of points in the format (x1, y1, x2, y2. . . ), where each pair of coor-
dinates specifies the center of a new point.
pointsize: float, defaults to 1. The size of the point, measured from the center to
the edge. A value of 1.0 therefore means the real size will be 2.0 x 2.0.
Warning: Starting from version 1.0.7, vertex instruction have a limit of 65535 vertices (indices
of vertex to be accurate). 2 entries in the list (x, y) will be converted to 4 vertices. So the limit
inside Point() class is 2^15-2.
add_point(float x, float y)
Add a point to the current points list.
If you intend to add multiple points, prefer to use this method instead of reassigning a new
points list. Assigning a new points list will recalculate and reupload the whole buffer
into the GPU. If you use add_point, it will only upload the changes.
points
Property for getting/settings the center points in the points list. Each pair of coordinates
specifies the center of a new point.
pointsize
Property for getting/setting point size. The size is measured from the center to the edge, so
a value of 1.0 means the real size will be 2.0 x 2.0.
class kivy.graphics.PopMatrix(*args, **kwargs)
stack
class kivy.graphics.PopState(*args, **kwargs)
state stack.
class kivy.graphics.PushMatrix(*args, **kwargs)
stack
class kivy.graphics.PushState(*args, **kwargs)
state stack.
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class kivy.graphics.Quad(**kwargs)
Parameters
points: list List of point in the format (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4).
points
Property for getting/settings points of the quad.
class kivy.graphics.Rectangle(**kwargs)
Parameters
pos: list Position of the rectangle, in the format (x, y).
size: list Size of the rectangle, in the format (width, height).
pos
Property for getting/settings the position of the rectangle.
size
Property for getting/settings the size of the rectangle.
class kivy.graphics.RenderContext(*args, **kwargs)
Bases: kivy.graphics.instructions.Canvas
• The vertex shader
• The fragment shader
• The default texture
• The state stack (color, texture, matrix. . . )
shader
Return the shader attached to the render context.
use_parent_frag_modelview
If True, the parent fragment modelview matrix will be used.
New in version 1.10.1: rc = RenderContext(use_parent_frag_modelview=True)
use_parent_modelview
If True, the parent modelview matrix will be used.
Before:
rc['modelview_mat'] = Window.render_context['modelview_mat']
Now:
rc = RenderContext(use_parent_modelview=True)
use_parent_projection
If True, the parent projection matrix will be used.
Before:
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rc['projection_mat'] = Window.render_context['projection_mat']
Now:
rc = RenderContext(use_parent_projection=True)
class kivy.graphics.Rotate(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Transform
on the modelview matrix. You can set the properties of the instructions afterwards with e.g.
rot.angle = 90
rot.axis = (0, 0, 1)
angle
Property for getting/setting the angle of the rotation.
axis
Property for getting/setting the axis of the rotation.
The format of the axis is (x, y, z).
origin
Origin of the rotation.
The format of the origin can be either (x, y) or (x, y, z).
set(float angle, float ax, float ay, float az)
Set the angle and axis of rotation.
>>> rotationobject.set(90, 0, 0, 1)
Deprecated since version 1.7.0: The set() method doesn’t use the new origin property.
class kivy.graphics.Scale(*args, **kwargs)
Create using one or three arguments:
Scale(s) # scale all three axes the same

Scale(x, y, z) # scale the axes independently
Deprecated since version 1.6.0: Deprecated single scale property in favor of x, y, z, xyz axis inde-
pendent scaled factors.
origin
Origin of the scale.
scale
Property for getting/setting the scale.
Deprecated since version 1.6.0: Deprecated in favor of per axis scale properties x,y,z, xyz, etc.
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x
Property for getting/setting the scale on the X axis.
xyz
3 tuple scale vector in 3D in x, y, and z axis.
y
Property for getting/setting the scale on the Y axis.
z
Property for getting/setting the scale on Z axis.
class kivy.graphics.SmoothLine(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line
results. It has few drawbacks:
• drawing a line with alpha will probably not have the intended result if the line crosses itself.
• cap, joint and dash properties are not supported.
• it uses a custom texture with a premultiplied alpha.
• lines under 1px in width are not supported: they will look the same.
Warning: This is an unfinished work, experimental, and subject to crashes.

overdraw_width
Determine the overdraw width of the line, defaults to 1.2.
premultiplied_texture()
class kivy.graphics.StencilPop
Pop the stencil stack. See the module documentation for more information.
class kivy.graphics.StencilPush
Push the stencil stack. See the module documentation for more information.
class kivy.graphics.StencilUnUse
Use current stencil buffer to unset the mask.
class kivy.graphics.StencilUse(**kwargs)
more information.
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func_op
Determine the stencil operation to use for glStencilFunc(). Can be one of ‘never’, ‘less’,
‘equal’, ‘lequal’, ‘greater’, ‘notequal’, ‘gequal’ or ‘always’.
By default, the operator is set to ‘equal’.
class kivy.graphics.Translate(*args, **kwargs)
Construct by either:
Translate(x, y) # translate in just the two axes

Translate(x, y, z) # translate in all three axes
x
Property for getting/setting the translation on the X axis.
xy
2 tuple with translation vector in 2D for x and y axis.
xyz
3 tuple translation vector in 3D in x, y, and z axis.
y
Property for getting/setting the translation on the Y axis.
z
Property for getting/setting the translation on the Z axis.
class kivy.graphics.Triangle(**kwargs)
Parameters
points: list List of points in the format (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3).
points
Property for getting/settings points of the triangle.
class kivy.graphics.UpdateNormalMatrix
Update the normal matrix ‘normal_mat’ based on the current modelview matrix. This will com-
pute ‘normal_mat’ uniform as: inverse( transpose( mat3(mvm) ) )
class kivy.graphics.VertexInstruction(**kwargs)
that have a direct visual representation on the canvas, such as Rectangles, Triangles, Lines, Ellipse
and so on.
source
This property represents the filename to load the texture from. If you want to use an image
as source, do it like this:
with self.canvas:
Rectangle(source='mylogo.png', pos=self.pos, size=self.size)
Here’s the equivalent in Kivy language:
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<MyWidget>:
canvas:
Rectangle:
source: 'mylogo.png'
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
Note: The filename will be searched for using the kivy.resources.resource_find()

function.
tex_coords
This property represents the texture coordinates used for drawing the vertex instruction. The
value must be a list of 8 values.
A texture coordinate has a position (u, v), and a size (w, h). The size can be negative, and
would represent the ‘flipped’ texture. By default, the tex_coords are:
[u, v, u + w, v, u + w, v + h, u, v + h]
You can pass your own texture coordinates if you want to achieve fancy effects.
Warning: The default values just mentioned can be negative. Depending on the image
and label providers, the coordinates are flipped vertically because of the order in which
the image is internally stored. Instead of flipping the image data, we are just flipping the
texture coordinates to be faster.
texture
Property that represents the texture used for drawing this Instruction. You can set a new
texture like this:
texture = Image('logo.png').texture
with self.canvas:
Rectangle(texture=texture, pos=self.pos, size=self.size)
Usually, you will use the source attribute instead of the texture.
kivy.graphics.gl_init_resources()
37.3 Canvas
The Canvas is the root object used for drawing by a Widget. Check the class documentation for more
information about the usage of Canvas.
class kivy.graphics.instructions.Callback(callback=None, **kwargs)
A Callback is an instruction that will be called when the drawing operation is performed. When
adding instructions to a canvas, you can do this:
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with self.canvas:
Color(1, 1, 1)
Callback(self.my_callback)
The definition of the callback must be:
def my_callback(self, instr):

print('I have been called!')
Warning: Note that if you perform many and/or costly calls to callbacks, you might poten-
tially slow down the rendering performance significantly.
The updating of your canvas does not occur until something new happens. From your callback,
you can ask for an update:
with self.canvas:
self.cb = Callback(self.my_callback)
# then later in the code
self.cb.ask_update()
If you use the Callback class to call rendering methods of another toolkit, you will have issues
with the OpenGL context. The OpenGL state may have been manipulated by the other toolkit,
and as soon as program flow returns to Kivy, it will just break. You can have glitches, crashes,
black holes might occur, etc. To avoid that, you can activate the reset_context option. It will
reset the OpenGL context state to make Kivy’s rendering correct after the call to your callback.
Warning: The reset_context is not a full OpenGL reset. If you have issues regarding that,
please contact us.
ask_update()
Inform the parent canvas that we’d like it to update on the next frame. This is useful when
you need to trigger a redraw due to some value having changed for example.
callback
Property for getting/setting func.
reset_context
Set this to True if you want to reset the OpenGL context for Kivy after the callback has been
called.
class kivy.graphics.instructions.Canvas(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.graphics.instructions.CanvasBase
instructions that you want to be used for drawing.
Note: The Canvas supports Python’s with statement and its enter & exit semantics.
Usage of a canvas without the with statement:
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self.canvas.add(Color(1., 1., 0))
self.canvas.add(Rectangle(size=(50, 50)))
Usage of a canvas with Python’s with statement:
with self.canvas:
Color(1., 1., 0)
add(Instruction c)
after
Property for getting the ‘after’ group.
ask_update()
Inform the canvas that we’d like it to update on the next frame. This is useful when you need
to trigger a redraw due to some value having changed for example.
before
Property for getting the ‘before’ group.
clear()
Clears every Instruction in the canvas, leaving it clean.
draw()
Apply the instruction to our window.
has_after
Property to see if the after group has already been created.
has_before
Property to see if the before group has already been created.
opacity
Property to get/set the opacity value of the canvas.
The opacity attribute controls the opacity of the canvas and its children. Be careful, it’s a
cumulative attribute: the value is multiplied to the current global opacity and the result is
For example: if your parent has an opacity of 0.5 and a child has an opacity of 0.2, the real
Then, the opacity is applied on the shader as:
class kivy.graphics.instructions.CanvasBase
Bases: kivy.graphics.instructions.InstructionGroup
CanvasBase provides the context manager methods for the Canvas.
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class kivy.graphics.instructions.ContextInstruction(**kwargs)
that don’t have a direct visual representation, but instead modify the current Canvas’ state, e.g.
texture binding, setting color parameters, matrix manipulation and so on.
class kivy.graphics.instructions.Instruction(**kwargs)
usage only, don’t use it directly.
flag_data_update()
flag_update(int do_parent=1)
group
group: unicode
proxy_ref
Return a proxy reference to the Instruction i.e. without creating a reference of the widget.
See weakref.proxy for more information.
class kivy.graphics.instructions.InstructionGroup(**kwargs)
of graphics instructions. It can be used directly as follows:
blue = InstructionGroup() blue.add(Color(0, 0, 1, 0.2)) blue.add(Rectangle(pos=self.pos, size=(100,
100)))
green = InstructionGroup() green.add(Color(0, 1, 0, 0.4)) green.add(Rectangle(pos=(100, 100),
size=(100, 100)))
# Here, self should be a Widget or subclass [self.canvas.add(group) for group in [blue, green]]
add(Instruction c)
Add a new Instruction to our list.
children
children: list
clear()
Remove all the Instructions.
get_group(unicode groupname)
Return an iterable for all the Instructions with a specific group name.
indexof(Instruction c)
insert(int index, Instruction c)

Insert a new Instruction into our list at index.
length()
Remove an existing Instruction from our list.
remove_group(unicode groupname)
Remove all Instructions with a specific group name.
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class kivy.graphics.instructions.RenderContext(*args, **kwargs)
Bases: kivy.graphics.instructions.Canvas
• The vertex shader
• The fragment shader
• The default texture
• The state stack (color, texture, matrix. . . )
shader
Return the shader attached to the render context.
use_parent_frag_modelview
If True, the parent fragment modelview matrix will be used.
New in version 1.10.1: rc = RenderContext(use_parent_frag_modelview=True)
use_parent_modelview
If True, the parent modelview matrix will be used.
Before:
rc['modelview_mat'] = Window.render_context['modelview_mat']
Now:
rc = RenderContext(use_parent_modelview=True)
use_parent_projection
If True, the parent projection matrix will be used.
Before:
rc['projection_mat'] = Window.render_context['projection_mat']
Now:
rc = RenderContext(use_parent_projection=True)
class kivy.graphics.instructions.VertexInstruction(**kwargs)
that have a direct visual representation on the canvas, such as Rectangles, Triangles, Lines, Ellipse
and so on.
source
This property represents the filename to load the texture from. If you want to use an image
as source, do it like this:
with self.canvas:
Rectangle(source='mylogo.png', pos=self.pos, size=self.size)
Here’s the equivalent in Kivy language:
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<MyWidget>:
canvas:
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
Note: The filename will be searched for using the kivy.resources.resource_find()

function.
tex_coords
This property represents the texture coordinates used for drawing the vertex instruction. The
value must be a list of 8 values.
A texture coordinate has a position (u, v), and a size (w, h). The size can be negative, and
would represent the ‘flipped’ texture. By default, the tex_coords are:
[u, v, u + w, v, u + w, v + h, u, v + h]
You can pass your own texture coordinates if you want to achieve fancy effects.
Warning: The default values just mentioned can be negative. Depending on the image
and label providers, the coordinates are flipped vertically because of the order in which
the image is internally stored. Instead of flipping the image data, we are just flipping the
texture coordinates to be faster.
texture
Property that represents the texture used for drawing this Instruction. You can set a new
texture like this:
texture = Image('logo.png').texture
with self.canvas:
Rectangle(texture=texture, pos=self.pos, size=self.size)
Usually, you will use the source attribute instead of the texture.
37.4 CGL: standard C interface for OpenGL
Kivy uses OpenGL and therefore requires a backend that provides it. The backend used is con-
trolled through the USE_OPENGL_MOCK and USE_SDL2 compile-time variables and through the
KIVY_GL_BACKEND runtime environmental variable.
Currently, OpenGL is used through direct linking (gl/glew), sdl2, or by mocking it. Setting
USE_OPENGL_MOCK disables gl/glew. Similarly, setting USE_SDL2 to 0 will disable sdl2. Mocking
is always available.
At runtime the following backends are available and can be set using KIVY_GL_BACKEND:
• gl – Available on unix (the default backend). Unavailable when USE_OPENGL_MOCK=0. Requires
gl be installed.
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• glew – Available on Windows (the default backend). Unavailable when USE_OPENGL_MOCK=0.
Requires glew be installed.
• sdl2 – Available on Windows/unix (the default when gl/glew is disabled). Unavailable when
USE_SDL2=0. Requires kivy_deps.sdl2 be installed.
• angle_sdl2 – Available on Windows with Python 3.5+. Unavailable when USE_SDL2=0. Re-
quires kivy_deps.sdl2 and kivy_deps.angle be installed.
• mock – Always available. Doesn’t actually do anything.
Additionally, the following environmental runtime variables control the graphics system:
• KIVY_GL_DEBUG – Logs al gl calls when 1.
• KIVY_GRAPHICS – Forces OpenGL ES2 when it is gles. OpenGL ES2 is always used on the
android, ios, rpi, and mali OSs.
kivy.graphics.cgl.cgl_get_backend_name(allowed=[], ignored=[])
kivy.graphics.cgl.cgl_get_initialized_backend_name()
kivy.graphics.cgl.cgl_init(allowed=[], ignored=[])
37.5 Context instructions
The context instructions represent non graphics elements such as:

• Matrix manipulations (PushMatrix, PopMatrix, Rotate, Translate, Scale, MatrixInstruction)
• Color manipulations (Color)
• Texture bindings (BindTexture)
Changed in version 1.0.8: The LineWidth instruction has been removed. It wasn’t working before and
we actually have no working implementation. We need to do more experimentation to get it right.
Check the bug #207 for more information.
class kivy.graphics.context_instructions.BindTexture(**kwargs)
The BindTexture Instruction will bind a texture and enable GL_TEXTURE_2D for subsequent
drawing.
Parameters
texture: Texture Specifies the texture to bind to the given index.
source
Set/get the source (filename) to load for the texture.
class kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Color(*args, **kwargs)
drawn after it.
This represents a color between 0 and 1, but is applied as a multiplier to the texture of any vertex
instructions following it in a canvas. If no texture is set, the vertex instruction takes the precise
color of the Color instruction.
For instance, if a Rectangle has a texture with uniform color (0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0) and the
preceding Color has rgba=(1, 0.5, 2, 1), the actual visible color will be (0.5, 0.25, 1.
0, 1.0) since the Color instruction is applied as a multiplier to every rgba component. In this
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case, a Color component outside the 0-1 range gives a visible result as the intensity of the blue
component is doubled.
To declare a Color in Python, you can do:
from kivy.graphics import Color
# create red v
c = Color(1, 0, 0)
# create blue color
c = Color(0, 1, 0)
# create blue color with 50% alpha
c = Color(0, 1, 0, .5)
# using hsv mode

c = Color(0, 1, 1, mode='hsv')
c = Color(0, 1, 1, .2, mode='hsv')
You can also set color components that are available as properties by passing them as keyword
arguments:
c = Color(b=0.5) # sets the blue component only
In kv lang you can set the color properties directly:
<Rule>:
canvas:
# red color
Color:
rgb: 1, 0, 0
# blue color
Color:
rgb: 0, 1, 0
# blue color with 50% alpha
Color:
rgba: 0, 1, 0, .5
# using hsv mode

Color:
hsv: 0, 1, 1
Color:
hsv: 0, 1, 1
a: .5
a
b
g
h
Hue component, between 0 and 1.
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hsv
HSV color, list of 3 values in 0-1 range, alpha will be 1.
r
rgb
RGB color, list of 3 values in 0-1 range. The alpha will be 1.
rgba
RGBA color, list of 4 values in 0-1 range.
s
Saturation component, between 0 and 1.
v
Value component, between 0 and 1.
class kivy.graphics.context_instructions.MatrixInstruction(*args, **kwargs)
matrix
Matrix property. Matrix from the transformation module. Setting the matrix using this prop-
erty when a change is made is important because it will notify the context about the update.
stack
class kivy.graphics.context_instructions.PopMatrix(*args, **kwargs)
stack
class kivy.graphics.context_instructions.PushMatrix(*args, **kwargs)
stack
class kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Rotate(*args, **kwargs)
on the modelview matrix. You can set the properties of the instructions afterwards with e.g.
rot.angle = 90
rot.axis = (0, 0, 1)
angle
Property for getting/setting the angle of the rotation.
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axis
Property for getting/setting the axis of the rotation.
The format of the axis is (x, y, z).
origin
Origin of the rotation.
set(float angle, float ax, float ay, float az)
Set the angle and axis of rotation.
>>> rotationobject.set(90, 0, 0, 1)
Deprecated since version 1.7.0: The set() method doesn’t use the new origin property.
class kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Scale(*args, **kwargs)
Create using one or three arguments:
Scale(s) # scale all three axes the same

Scale(x, y, z) # scale the axes independently
Deprecated since version 1.6.0: Deprecated single scale property in favor of x, y, z, xyz axis inde-
pendent scaled factors.
origin
Origin of the scale.
scale
Property for getting/setting the scale.
Deprecated since version 1.6.0: Deprecated in favor of per axis scale properties x,y,z, xyz, etc.
x
Property for getting/setting the scale on the X axis.
xyz
3 tuple scale vector in 3D in x, y, and z axis.
y
Property for getting/setting the scale on the Y axis.
z
Property for getting/setting the scale on Z axis.
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class kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Translate(*args, **kwargs)
Construct by either:
Translate(x, y) # translate in just the two axes

Translate(x, y, z) # translate in all three axes
x
Property for getting/setting the translation on the X axis.
xy
2 tuple with translation vector in 2D for x and y axis.
xyz
3 tuple translation vector in 3D in x, y, and z axis.
y
Property for getting/setting the translation on the Y axis.
z
Property for getting/setting the translation on the Z axis.
kivy.graphics.context_instructions.gl_init_resources()
37.6 Context management

This class manages a registry of all created graphics instructions. It has the ability to flush and delete
them.
You can read more about Kivy graphics contexts in the Graphics module documentation. These are
based on OpenGL graphics contexts.
class kivy.graphics.context.Context
observer callbacks. See add_reload_observer() and remove_reload_observer() for
more information.
add_reload_observer(callback, before=False)
(internal) Add a callback to be called after the whole graphics context has been reloaded.
This is where you can reupload your custom data into the GPU.
Parameters
itself
before: boolean, defaults to False If True, the callback will be executed before
all the reloading processes. Use it if you want to clear your cache for example.
Changed in version 1.4.0: before parameter added.
flag_update_canvas()
flush() → void
gl_dealloc(*largs)
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reload()
remove_reload_observer(callback, before=False)
(internal) Remove a callback from the observer list previously added by
add_reload_observer().
trigger_gl_dealloc()
37.7 Framebuffer
The Fbo is like an offscreen window. You can activate the fbo for rendering into a texture and use your
fbo as a texture for other drawing.
The Fbo acts as a kivy.graphics.instructions.Canvas.
Here is an example of using an fbo for some colored rectangles:
from kivy.graphics import Fbo, Color, Rectangle
class FboTest(Widget):
super(FboTest, self).__init__(**kwargs)
# first step is to create the fbo and use the fbo texture on other
# rectangle
with self.canvas:
# create the fbo
self.fbo = Fbo(size=(256, 256))
# show our fbo on the widget in different size

Color(1, 1, 1)
Rectangle(size=(32, 32), texture=self.fbo.texture)
Rectangle(pos=(32, 0), size=(64, 64), texture=self.fbo.texture)
Rectangle(pos=(96, 0), size=(128, 128), texture=self.fbo.
,→ texture)
# in the second step, you can draw whatever you want on the fbo
with self.fbo:
Color(1, 0, 0, .8)
Color(0, 1, 0, .8)
If you change anything in the self.fbo object, it will be automatically updated. The canvas where the fbo
is put will be automatically updated as well.
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37.7.1 Reloading the FBO content

If the OpenGL context is lost, then the FBO is lost too. You need to reupload data on it yourself. Use the
Fbo.add_reload_observer() to add a reloading function that will be automatically called when
needed:

super(...).__init__(**kwargs)
self.fbo = Fbo(size=(512, 512))
self.fbo.add_reload_observer(self.populate_fbo)
# and load the data now.

self.populate_fbo(self.fbo)
def populate_fbo(self, fbo):

with fbo:
# .. put your Color / Rectangle / ... here
This way, you could use the same method for initialization and for reloading. But it’s up to you.
class kivy.graphics.fbo.Fbo(*args, **kwargs)
“with” statement.
Parameters
clear_color: tuple, defaults to (0, 0, 0, 0) Define the default color for clearing the
framebuffer
size: tuple, defaults to (1024, 1024) Default size of the framebuffer
push_viewport: bool, defaults to True If True, the OpenGL viewport will be set to
the framebuffer size, and will be automatically restored when the framebuffer
released.
with_depthbuffer: bool, defaults to False If True, the framebuffer will be allocated
with a Z buffer.
with_stencilbuffer: bool, defaults to False New in version 1.9.0.
If True, the framebuffer will be allocated with a stencil buffer.
texture: Texture, defaults to None If None, a default texture will be created.
Note: Using both of with_stencilbuffer and with_depthbuffer is not supported in kivy

1.9.0
you can reupload your custom data in GPU.
Parameters
itself
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bind()
Bind the FBO to the current opengl context. Bind mean that you enable the Framebuffer, and
all the drawing operations will act inside the Framebuffer, until release() is called.
The bind/release operations are automatically called when you add graphics objects into it.
If you want to manipulate a Framebuffer yourself, you can use it like this:
self.fbo = FBO()
self.fbo.bind()
# do any drawing command
self.fbo.release()
# then, your fbo texture is available at

print(self.fbo.texture)
clear_buffer()
Clear the framebuffer with the clear_color.
You need to bind the framebuffer yourself before calling this method:
fbo.bind()
fbo.clear_buffer()
fbo.release()
clear_color
Clear color in (red, green, blue, alpha) format.
get_pixel_color(int wx, int wy)
Get the color of the pixel with specified window coordinates wx, wy. It returns result in
RGBA format.
pixels
bottom left.
release()
Release the Framebuffer (unbind).
size
Size of the framebuffer, in (width, height) format.
If you change the size, the framebuffer content will be lost.
texture
Return the framebuffer texture
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37.8 GL instructions
37.8.1 Clearing an FBO
To clear an FBO, you can use ClearColor and ClearBuffers instructions like this example:
self.fbo = Fbo(size=self.size)
with self.fbo:
ClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0)
ClearBuffers()
class kivy.graphics.gl_instructions.ClearBuffers(*args, **kwargs)

Clear the buffers specified by the instructions buffer mask property. By default, only the coloc
buffer is cleared.
clear_color
If True, the color buffer will be cleared.
clear_depth
If True, the depth buffer will be cleared.
clear_stencil
If True, the stencil buffer will be cleared.
class kivy.graphics.gl_instructions.ClearColor(r, g, b, a, **kwargs)
Sets the clear color used to clear buffers with the glClear function or ClearBuffers graphics
instructions.
a
b
g
r
rgb
RGB color, a list of 3 values in 0-1 range where alpha will be 1.
rgba
RGBA color used for the clear color, a list of 4 values in the 0-1 range.
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37.9 Graphics compiler
Before rendering an InstructionGroup, we compile the group in order to reduce the number of
instructions executed at rendering time.
37.9.1 Reducing the context instructions
Imagine that you have a scheme like this:
Color(1, 1, 1)
Rectangle(source='button.png', pos=(0, 0), size=(20, 20))
Color(1, 1, 1)
Color(1, 1, 1)
The real instructions seen by the graphics canvas would be:
Color: change 'color' context to 1, 1, 1

BindTexture: change 'texture0' to `button.png texture`
Rectangle: push vertices (x1, y1...) to vbo & draw
Only the first Color and BindTexture are useful and really change the context. We can reduce them
to:

This is what the compiler does in the first place, by flagging all the unused instruction with GI_IGNORE
flag. As soon as a Color content changes, the whole InstructionGroup will be recompiled and a previ-
ously unused Color might be used for the next compilation.
Note to any Kivy contributor / internal developer:
• All context instructions are checked to see if they change anything in the cache.
• We must ensure that a context instruction is needed for our current Canvas.
• We must ensure that we don’t depend of any other canvas.
• We must reset our cache if one of our children is another instruction group because we don’t know
whether it might do weird things or not.
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37.10 OpenGL
This module is a Python wrapper for OpenGL commands.
Warning: Not every OpenGL command has been wrapped and because we are using the C binding
for higher performance, and you should rather stick to the Kivy Graphics API. By using OpenGL
commands directly, you might change the OpenGL context and introduce inconsistency between
the Kivy state and the OpenGL state.
kivy.graphics.opengl.glActiveTexture(GLenum texture)
See: glActiveTexture() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glAttachShader(GLuint program, GLuint shader)
See: glAttachShader() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glBindAttribLocation(GLuint program, GLuint index, bytes name)
See: glBindAttribLocation() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glBindBuffer(GLenum target, GLuint buffer)
See: glBindBuffer() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glBindFramebuffer(GLenum target, GLuint framebuffer)
See: glBindFramebuffer() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glBindRenderbuffer(GLenum target, GLuint renderbuffer)
See: glBindRenderbuffer() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glBindTexture(GLenum target, GLuint texture)
See: glBindTexture() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glBlendColor(GLclampf red, GLclampf green, GLclampf blue, GLclampf
alpha)
See: glBlendColor() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glBlendEquation(GLenum mode)
See: glBlendEquation() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glBlendEquationSeparate(GLenum modeRGB, GLenum modeAlpha)
See: glBlendEquationSeparate() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glBlendFunc(GLenum sfactor, GLenum dfactor)
See: glBlendFunc() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glBlendFuncSeparate(GLenum srcRGB, GLenum dstRGB, GLenum
srcAlpha, GLenum dstAlpha)
See: glBlendFuncSeparate() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glBufferData(GLenum target, GLsizeiptr size, bytes data, GLenum usage)
See: glBufferData() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glBufferSubData(GLenum target, GLintptr offset, GLsizeiptr size, bytes
data)
See: glBufferSubData() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glCheckFramebufferStatus(GLenum target)
See: glCheckFramebufferStatus() on Kronos website
393
kivy.graphics.opengl.glClear(GLbitfield mask)
See: glClear() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glClearColor(GLclampf red, GLclampf green, GLclampf blue, GLclampf
alpha)
See: glClearColor() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glClearStencil(GLint s)
See: glClearStencil() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glColorMask(GLboolean red, GLboolean green, GLboolean blue, GLboolean
alpha)
See: glColorMask() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glCompileShader(GLuint shader)
See: glCompileShader() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glCompressedTexImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum
internalformat, GLsizei width, GLsizei height,
GLint border, GLsizei imageSize, bytes data)
See: glCompressedTexImage2D() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glCompressedTexSubImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint
xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLsizei width,
GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLsizei
imageSize, bytes data)
See: glCompressedTexSubImage2D() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glCopyTexImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum internalformat,
GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLint
border)
See: glCopyTexImage2D() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glCopyTexSubImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint
yoffset, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei
height)
See: glCopyTexSubImage2D() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glCreateProgram()
See: glCreateProgram() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glCreateShader(GLenum type)
See: glCreateShader() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glCullFace(GLenum mode)
See: glCullFace() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glDeleteBuffers(GLsizei n, bytes buffers)
See: glDeleteBuffers() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glDeleteFramebuffers(GLsizei n, bytes framebuffers)
See: glDeleteFramebuffers() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glDeleteProgram(GLuint program)
See: glDeleteProgram() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glDeleteRenderbuffers(GLsizei n, bytes renderbuffers)
See: glDeleteRenderbuffers() on Kronos website
394
kivy.graphics.opengl.glDeleteShader(GLuint shader)
See: glDeleteShader() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glDeleteTextures(GLsizei n, bytes textures)
See: glDeleteTextures() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glDepthFunc(GLenum func)
See: glDepthFunc() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glDepthMask(GLboolean flag)
See: glDepthMask() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glDetachShader(GLuint program, GLuint shader)
See: glDetachShader() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glDisable(GLenum cap)
See: glDisable() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glDisableVertexAttribArray(GLuint index)
See: glDisableVertexAttribArray() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glDrawArrays(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count)
See: glDrawArrays() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glDrawElements(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, indices)
See: glDrawElements() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glEnable(GLenum cap)
See: glEnable() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(GLuint index)
See: glEnableVertexAttribArray() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glFinish()
See: glFinish() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glFlush()
See: glFlush() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GLenum target, GLenum attachment,
GLenum renderbuffertarget, GLuint
renderbuffer)
See: glFramebufferRenderbuffer() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glFramebufferTexture2D(GLenum target, GLenum attachment,
GLenum textarget, GLuint texture, GLint
level)
See: glFramebufferTexture2D() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glFrontFace(GLenum mode)
See: glFrontFace() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGenBuffers(GLsizei n)
See: glGenBuffers() on Kronos website
Unlike the C specification, the value will be the result of call.
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGenFramebuffers(GLsizei n)
See: glGenFramebuffers() on Kronos website
395
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGenRenderbuffers(GLsizei n)
See: glGenRenderbuffers() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGenTextures(GLsizei n)
See: glGenTextures() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGenerateMipmap(GLenum target)
See: glGenerateMipmap() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetActiveAttrib(GLuint program, GLuint index)
See: glGetActiveAttrib() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetActiveUniform(GLuint program, GLuint index)
See: glGetActiveUniform() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetAttachedShaders(GLuint program, GLsizei maxcount)
See: glGetAttachedShaders() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetAttribLocation(GLuint program, bytes name)
See: glGetAttribLocation() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetBooleanv(GLenum pname)
See: glGetBooleanv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetBufferParameteriv(GLenum target, GLenum pname)
See: glGetBufferParameteriv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetError()
See: glGetError() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetFloatv(GLenum pname)
See: glGetFloatv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetFramebufferAttachmentParameteriv(GLenum target,
GLenum attachment,
GLenum pname)
See: glGetFramebufferAttachmentParameteriv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetIntegerv(GLenum pname)
See: glGetIntegerv() on Kronos website
Unlike the C specification, the value(s) will be the result of the call
396
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetProgramInfoLog(GLuint program, GLsizei bufsize)
See: glGetProgramInfoLog() on Kronos website
Unlike the C specification, the source code will be returned as a string.
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetProgramiv(GLuint program, GLenum pname)
See: glGetProgramiv() on Kronos website
Unlike the C specification, the value(s) will be the result of the call
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetRenderbufferParameteriv(GLenum target, GLenum pname)
See: glGetRenderbufferParameteriv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetShaderInfoLog(GLuint shader, GLsizei bufsize)
See: glGetShaderInfoLog() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetShaderPrecisionFormat(GLenum shadertype, GLenum
precisiontype)
See: glGetShaderPrecisionFormat() on Kronos website
Warning: Not implemented yet.
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetShaderSource(GLuint shader)
See: glGetShaderSource() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetShaderiv(GLuint shader, GLenum pname)
See: glGetShaderiv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetString(GLenum name)
See: glGetString() on Kronos website
Unlike the C specification, the value will be returned as a string.
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetTexParameterfv(GLenum target, GLenum pname)
See: glGetTexParameterfv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetTexParameteriv(GLenum target, GLenum pname)
See: glGetTexParameteriv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetUniformLocation(GLuint program, bytes name)
See: glGetUniformLocation() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetUniformfv(GLuint program, GLint location)
See: glGetUniformfv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetUniformiv(GLuint program, GLint location)
See: glGetUniformiv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetVertexAttribPointerv(GLuint index, GLenum pname)
See: glGetVertexAttribPointerv() on Kronos website
397
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetVertexAttribfv(GLuint index, GLenum pname)

See: glGetVertexAttribfv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glGetVertexAttribiv(GLuint index, GLenum pname)
See: glGetVertexAttribiv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glHint(GLenum target, GLenum mode)
See: glHint() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glIsBuffer(GLuint buffer)
See: glIsBuffer() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glIsEnabled(GLenum cap)
See: glIsEnabled() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glIsFramebuffer(GLuint framebuffer)
See: glIsFramebuffer() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glIsProgram(GLuint program)
See: glIsProgram() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glIsRenderbuffer(GLuint renderbuffer)
See: glIsRenderbuffer() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glIsShader(GLuint shader)
See: glIsShader() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glIsTexture(GLuint texture)
See: glIsTexture() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glLineWidth(GLfloat width)
See: glLineWidth() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glLinkProgram(GLuint program)
See: glLinkProgram() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glPixelStorei(GLenum pname, GLint param)
See: glPixelStorei() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glPolygonOffset(GLfloat factor, GLfloat units)
See: glPolygonOffset() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glReadPixels(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum
format, GLenum type)
See: glReadPixels() on Kronos website
We support only GL_RGB/GL_RGBA as a format and GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE as a type.
kivy.graphics.opengl.glReleaseShaderCompiler()
See: glReleaseShaderCompiler() on Kronos website
398
kivy.graphics.opengl.glRenderbufferStorage(GLenum target, GLenum internalformat,
GLsizei width, GLsizei height)
See: glRenderbufferStorage() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glSampleCoverage(GLclampf value, GLboolean invert)
See: glSampleCoverage() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glScissor(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height)
See: glScissor() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glShaderBinary()
See: glShaderBinary() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glShaderSource(GLuint shader, bytes source)

See: glShaderSource() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glStencilFunc(GLenum func, GLint ref, GLuint mask)
See: glStencilFunc() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glStencilFuncSeparate(GLenum face, GLenum func, GLint ref, GLuint
mask)
See: glStencilFuncSeparate() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glStencilMask(GLuint mask)
See: glStencilMask() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glStencilMaskSeparate(GLenum face, GLuint mask)
See: glStencilMaskSeparate() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glStencilOp(GLenum fail, GLenum zfail, GLenum zpass)
See: glStencilOp() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glStencilOpSeparate(GLenum face, GLenum fail, GLenum zfail,
GLenum zpass)
See: glStencilOpSeparate() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glTexImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint internalformat, GLsizei
width, GLsizei height, GLint border, GLenum format,
GLenum type, bytes pixels)
See: glTexImage2D() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glTexParameterf(GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLfloat param)
See: glTexParameterf() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glTexParameterfv(GLenum target, GLenum pname)
See: glTexParameterfv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glTexParameteri(GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLint param)

See: glTexParameteri() on Kronos website
399
kivy.graphics.opengl.glTexParameteriv(GLenum target, GLenum pname)
See: glTexParameteriv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glTexSubImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset,

GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum
type, bytes pixels)
See: glTexSubImage2D() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glUniform1f(GLint location, GLfloat x)
See: glUniform1f() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glUniform1fv(GLint location, GLsizei count)
See: glUniform1fv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glUniform1i(GLint location, GLint x)

See: glUniform1i() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glUniform1iv(GLint location, GLsizei count)
See: glUniform1iv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glUniform2f(GLint location, GLfloat x, GLfloat y)

kivy.graphics.opengl.glUniform2i(GLint location, GLint x, GLint y)

kivy.graphics.opengl.glUniform3f(GLint location, GLfloat x, GLfloat y, GLfloat z)

400
kivy.graphics.opengl.glUniform3i(GLint location, GLint x, GLint y, GLint z)

kivy.graphics.opengl.glUniform4f(GLint location, GLfloat x, GLfloat y, GLfloat z, GLfloat w)


kivy.graphics.opengl.glUniform4i(GLint location, GLint x, GLint y, GLint z, GLint w)

kivy.graphics.opengl.glUniformMatrix2fv(GLint location, GLsizei count)

See: glUniformMatrix2fv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glUniformMatrix3fv(GLint location, GLsizei count)

kivy.graphics.opengl.glUniformMatrix4fv(GLint location, GLsizei count, GLboolean transpose,

bytes value)
kivy.graphics.opengl.glUseProgram(GLuint program)
See: glUseProgram() on Kronos website
401
kivy.graphics.opengl.glValidateProgram(GLuint program)
See: glValidateProgram() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glVertexAttrib1f(GLuint indx, GLfloat x)
See: glVertexAttrib1f() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glVertexAttrib1fv(GLuint indx, list values)
See: glVertexAttrib1fv() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glVertexAttrib2f(GLuint indx, GLfloat x, GLfloat y)

kivy.graphics.opengl.glVertexAttrib3f(GLuint indx, GLfloat x, GLfloat y, GLfloat z)

kivy.graphics.opengl.glVertexAttrib4f(GLuint indx, GLfloat x, GLfloat y, GLfloat z, GLfloat

w)
kivy.graphics.opengl.glVertexAttribPointer(GLuint index, GLint size, GLenum type,

GLboolean normalized, GLsizei stride, data)
See: glVertexAttribPointer() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.glViewport(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height)
See: glViewport() on Kronos website
kivy.graphics.opengl.gl_init_symbols(allowed=[], ignored=[])
402
37.11 OpenGL utilities
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils.gl_get_extensions() → list
Return a list of OpenGL extensions available. All the names in the list have the GL_ stripped at
the start (if it exists) and are in lowercase.
>>> print(gl_get_extensions())
['arb_blend_func_extended', 'arb_color_buffer_float', 'arb_
,→compatibility',
'arb_copy_buffer'... ]
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils.gl_get_texture_formats() → tuple
Return a list of texture formats recognized by kivy. The texture list is informative but might not
been supported by your hardware. If you want a list of supported textures, you must filter that
list as follows:
supported_fmts = [gl_has_texture_format(x) for x in gl_get_texture_

,→formats()]
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils.gl_get_version() → tuple
Return the (major, minor) OpenGL version, parsed from the GL_VERSION.
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils.gl_get_version_major() → int
Return the major component of the OpenGL version.
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils.gl_get_version_minor() → int
Return the minor component of the OpenGL version.
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils.gl_has_capability(int cap) → int
Return the status of a OpenGL Capability. This is a wrapper that auto-discovers all the capabilities
that Kivy might need. The current capabilities tested are:
• GLCAP_BGRA: Test the support of BGRA texture format
• GLCAP_NPOT: Test the support of Non Power of Two texture
• GLCAP_S3TC: Test the support of S3TC texture (DXT1, DXT3, DXT5)
• GLCAP_DXT1: Test the support of DXT texture (subset of S3TC)
• GLCAP_ETC1: Test the support of ETC1 texture
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils.gl_has_extension(name) → int
Check if an OpenGL extension is available. If the name starts with GL_, it will be stripped for the
test and converted to lowercase.
>>> gl_has_extension('NV_get_tex_image')
False
>>> gl_has_extension('OES_texture_npot')
True
403
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils.gl_has_texture_conversion(fmt) → int
Return 1 if the texture can be converted to a native format.
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils.gl_has_texture_format(fmt) → int
Return whether a texture format is supported by your system, natively or by conversion. For
example, if your card doesn’t support ‘bgra’, we are able to convert to ‘rgba’ but only in software
mode.
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils.gl_has_texture_native_format(fmt) → int
Return 1 if the texture format is handled natively.
>>> gl_has_texture_format('azdmok')
0
>>> gl_has_texture_format('rgba')
1
>>> gl_has_texture_format('s3tc_dxt1')
[INFO ] [GL ] S3TC texture support is available
[INFO ] [GL ] DXT1 texture support is available
1
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils.gl_register_get_size(int constid, int size)

Register an association between an OpenGL Const used in glGet* to a number of elements.
By example, the GPU_MEMORY_INFO_DEDICATED_VIDMEM_NVX is a special pname that
will return the integer 1 (nvidia only).
>>> GPU_MEMORY_INFO_DEDICATED_VIDMEM_NVX = 0x9047

>>> gl_register_get_size(GPU_MEMORY_INFO_DEDICATED_VIDMEM_NVX, 1)
>>> glGetIntegerv(GPU_MEMORY_INFO_DEDICATED_VIDMEM_NVX)[0]
524288
37.12 Scissor Instructions

Scissor instructions clip your drawing area into a rectangular region.
• ScissorPush: Begins clipping, sets the bounds of the clip space
• ScissorPop: Ends clipping
The area provided to clip is in screenspace pixels and must be provided as integer values not floats.
The following code will draw a circle on top of our widget while clipping the circle so it does not expand
beyond the widget borders.
with self.canvas.after:
#If our widget is inside another widget that modified the coordinates
#spacing (such as ScrollView) we will want to convert to Window coords
x,y = self.to_window(*self.pos)
width, height = self.size
#We must convert from the possible float values provided by kivy
#widgets to an integer screenspace, in python3 round returns an int so
#the int cast will be unnecessary.
ScissorPush(x=int(round(x)), y=int(round(y)),
width=int(round(width)), height=int(round(height)))
Color(rgba=(1., 0., 0., .5))
404
Ellipse(size=(width*2., height*2.),
pos=self.center)
ScissorPop()
class kivy.graphics.scissor_instructions.Rect(int x, int y, int width, int height)

Rect class used internally by ScissorStack and ScissorPush to determine correct clipping area.
intersect(Rect other)
class kivy.graphics.scissor_instructions.ScissorPop
Pop the scissor stack. Call after ScissorPush, once you have completed the drawing you wish to
be clipped.
class kivy.graphics.scissor_instructions.ScissorPush(**kwargs)
to control the area and position of the scissoring region. Defaults to 0, 0, 100, 100
Scissor works by clipping all drawing outside of a rectangle starting at int x, int y position and
having sides of int width by int height in Window space coordinates
class kivy.graphics.scissor_instructions.ScissorStack
Class used internally to keep track of the current state of glScissors regions. Do not instantiate,
prefer to inspect the module’s scissor_stack.
pop()
push(element)
37.13 Shader
The Shader class handles the compilation of the vertex and fragment shader as well as the creation of
the program in OpenGL.
Todo: Include more complete documentation about the shader.
37.13.1 Header inclusion

When you are creating a Shader, Kivy will always include default parameters. If you don’t want to
rewrite this each time you want to customize / write a new shader, you can add the “$HEADER$”
token and it will be replaced by the corresponding shader header.
Here is the header for the fragment Shader:
405
#ifdef GL_ES
precision highp float;
#endif
/* Outputs from the vertex shader */

varying vec4 frag_color;
varying vec2 tex_coord0;
/* uniform texture samplers */

uniform sampler2D texture0;
uniform mat4 frag_modelview_mat;
And the header for vertex Shader:
#ifdef GL_ES
precision highp float;
#endif
/* Outputs to the fragment shader */

varying vec4 frag_color;
varying vec2 tex_coord0;
/* vertex attributes */
attribute vec2 vPosition;
attribute vec2 vTexCoords0;
/* uniform variables */
uniform mat4 modelview_mat;
uniform mat4 projection_mat;
uniform vec4 color;
uniform float opacity;
37.13.2 Single file glsl shader programs

To simplify shader management, the vertex and fragment shaders can be loaded automatically from
a single glsl source file (plain text). The file should contain sections identified by a line starting with
‘—vertex’ and ‘—fragment’ respectively (case insensitive), e.g.
// anything before a meaningful section such as this comment are ignored
---VERTEX SHADER--- // vertex shader starts here

void main(){
...
}
---FRAGMENT SHADER--- // fragment shader starts here

void main(){
...
}
The source property of the Shader should be set to the filename of a glsl shader file (of the above format),
e.g. phong.glsl
406
class kivy.graphics.shader.Shader(unicode vs=None, unicode fs=None, unicode source=None)
Parameters
vs: string, defaults to None Source code for vertex shader
fs: string, defaults to None Source code for fragment shader
fs
Fragment shader source code.
If you set a new fragment shader code source, it will be automatically compiled and will
replace the current fragment shader.
source
glsl source code.
source should be the filename of a glsl shader that contains both the vertex and fragment
shader sourcecode, each designated by a section header consisting of one line starting with
either “–VERTEX” or “–FRAGMENT” (case insensitive).
success
Indicate whether the shader loaded successfully and is ready for usage or not.
vs
Vertex shader source code.
If you set a new vertex shader code source, it will be automatically compiled and will replace
the current vertex shader.
37.14 Stencil instructions

Changed in version 1.3.0: The stencil operation has been updated to resolve some issues that appeared
when nested. You must now have a StencilUnUse and repeat the same operation as you did after
StencilPush.
Stencil instructions permit you to draw and use the current drawing as a mask. They don’t give as
much control as pure OpenGL, but you can still do fancy things!
The stencil buffer can be controlled using these 3 instructions:
• StencilPush: push a new stencil layer. Any drawing that happens after this will be used as a
mask.
• StencilUse : now draw the next instructions and use the stencil for masking them.
• StencilUnUse : stop using the stencil i.e. remove the mask and draw normally.
• StencilPop : pop the current stencil layer.
You should always respect this scheme:
StencilPush
# PHASE 1: put any drawing instructions to use as a mask here.
StencilUse
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# PHASE 2: all the drawing here will be automatically clipped by the

# mask created in PHASE 1.
StencilUnUse
# PHASE 3: put the same drawing instruction here as you did in PHASE 1
StencilPop
# PHASE 4: the stencil is now removed from the stack and unloaded.
37.14.1 Limitations
• Drawing in PHASE 1 and PHASE 3 must not collide or you will get unexpected results
• The stencil is activated as soon as you perform a StencilPush
• The stencil is deactivated as soon as you’ve correctly popped all the stencil layers
• You must not play with stencils yourself between a StencilPush / StencilPop
• You can push another stencil after a StencilUse / before the StencilPop
• You can push up to 128 layers of stencils (8 for kivy < 1.3.0)
37.14.2 Example of stencil usage
Here is an example, in kv style:
StencilPush
# create a rectangular mask with a pos of (100, 100) and a (100, 100) size.
Rectangle:
pos: 100, 100
size: 100, 100
StencilUse
# we want to show a big green rectangle, however, the previous stencil

# mask will crop us :)
Color:
rgb: 0, 1, 0
Rectangle:
size: 900, 900
StencilUnUse
# you must redraw the stencil mask to remove it

Rectangle:
pos: 100, 100
size: 100, 100
StencilPop
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class kivy.graphics.stencil_instructions.StencilPop
Pop the stencil stack. See the module documentation for more information.
class kivy.graphics.stencil_instructions.StencilPush
Push the stencil stack. See the module documentation for more information.
class kivy.graphics.stencil_instructions.StencilUnUse
Use current stencil buffer to unset the mask.
class kivy.graphics.stencil_instructions.StencilUse(**kwargs)
more information.
func_op
Determine the stencil operation to use for glStencilFunc(). Can be one of ‘never’, ‘less’,
‘equal’, ‘lequal’, ‘greater’, ‘notequal’, ‘gequal’ or ‘always’.
By default, the operator is set to ‘equal’.
37.15 SVG
Warning: This is highly experimental and subject to change. Don’t use it in production.
Load an SVG as a graphics instruction:
from kivy.graphics.svg import Svg

with widget.canvas:
svg = Svg("image.svg")
There is no widget that can display Svg directly, you have to make your own for now. Check the
examples/svg for more information.
class kivy.graphics.svg.Svg(source=None, anchor_x=0, anchor_y=0, bezier_points=64,
circle_points=64, color=None)
anchor_x
Horizontal anchor position for scaling and rotations. Defaults to 0. The symbolic values
‘left’, ‘center’ and ‘right’ are also accepted.
anchor_y
Vertical anchor position for scaling and rotations. Defaults to 0. The symbolic values ‘bot-
tom’, ‘center’ and ‘top’ are also accepted.
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color
The default color
Used for SvgElements that specify “currentColor”
Changed in version 1.10.3: The color is gettable and settable
current_color
current_color: object
gradients
gradients: object
height
height: ‘double’
set_tree(tree)
sets the tree used to render the Svg and triggers reloading.
Parameters tree (xml.etree.cElementTree) – the tree parsed from the SVG
source
source
Filename / source to load.
The parsing and rendering is done as soon as you set the source.
Changed in version 2.0.0: The property name is now source instead of filename
Changed in version 1.10.3: You can get the used filename
width
width: ‘double’
37.16 Tesselator
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Warning: This is experimental and subject to change as long as this warning notice is present. Only
TYPE_POLYGONS is currently supported.
Tesselator is a library for tesselating polygons, based on libtess2. It renders concave filled polygons by
first tesselating them into convex polygons. It also supports holes.
37.16.1 Usage
First, you need to create a Tesselator object and add contours. The first one is the external contour
of your shape and all of the following ones should be holes:
from kivy.graphics.tesselator import Tesselator
tess = Tesselator()
tess.add_contour([0, 0, 200, 0, 200, 200, 0, 200])
tess.add_contour([50, 50, 150, 50, 150, 150, 50, 150])
Second, call the Tesselator.tesselate() method to compute the points. It is possible that the
tesselator won’t work. In that case, it can return False:
if not tess.tesselate():
print("Tesselator didn't work :(")
return
After the tessellation, you have multiple ways to iterate over the result. The best approach is using
Tesselator.meshes to get a format directly usable for a Mesh:
for vertices, indices in tess.meshes:

self.canvas.add(Mesh(
vertices=vertices,
indices=indices,
mode="triangle_fan"
))
Or, you can get the “raw” result, with just polygons and x/y coordinates with Tesselator.
vertices():
for vertices in tess.vertices:

print("got polygon", vertices)
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class kivy.graphics.tesselator.Tesselator
Tesselator class. See module for more information about the usage.
add_contour(points)
Add a contour to the tesselator. It can be:
• a list of [x, y, x2, y2, . . . ] coordinates
• a float array: array(“f”, [x, y, x2, y2, . . . ])
• any buffer with floats in it.
element_count
Returns the number of convex polygon.
meshes
Iterate through the result of the tesselate() to give a result that can be easily pushed into
Kivy`s Mesh object.
It’s a list of: [[vertices, indices], [vertices, indices], . . . ]. The vertices in the format [x, y, u, v, x2,
y2, u2, v2].
Careful, u/v coordinates are the same as x/y. You are responsible to change them for texture
mapping if you need to.
You can create Mesh objects like that:
tess = Tesselator()
# add contours here
tess.tesselate()
for vertices, indices in self.meshes:
self.canvas.add(Mesh(
vertices=vertices,
indices=indices,
mode="triangle_fan"))
tesselate(int winding_rule=WINDING_ODD, int element_type=TYPE_POLYGONS, int

polysize=65535) → int
Compute all the contours added with add_contour(), and generate polygons.
Parameters
winding_rule: enum The winding rule classifies a region as inside if its winding
number belongs to the chosen category. Can be one of WINDING_ODD,
WINDING_NONZERO, WINDING_POSITIVE, WINDING_NEGATIVE,
WINDING_ABS_GEQ_TWO. Defaults to WINDING_ODD.
element_type: enum The result type, you can generate the polygons with
TYPE_POLYGONS, or the contours with TYPE_BOUNDARY_CONTOURS.
Defaults to TYPE_POLYGONS.
Returns 1 if the tessellation happened, 0 otherwise.
Return type int
vertex_count
Returns the number of vertex generated.
This is the raw result, however, because the Tesselator format the result for you with meshes
or vertices per polygon, you’ll have more vertices in the result
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vertices
Iterate through the result of the tesselate() in order to give only a list of [x, y, x2, y2, . . . ]
polygons.
37.17 Texture
Changed in version 1.6.0: Added support for paletted texture on OES: ‘palette4_rgb8’, ‘palette4_rgba8’,
‘palette4_r5_g6_b5’, ‘palette4_rgba4’, ‘palette4_rgb5_a1’, ‘palette8_rgb8’, ‘palette8_rgba8’,
‘palette8_r5_g6_b5’, ‘palette8_rgba4’ and ‘palette8_rgb5_a1’.
Texture is a class that handles OpenGL textures. Depending on the hardware, some OpenGL capabil-
ities might not be available (BGRA support, NPOT support, etc.)
You cannot instantiate this class yourself. You must use the function Texture.create() to create a
new texture:
texture = Texture.create(size=(640, 480))
When you create a texture, you should be aware of the default color and buffer format:
• the color/pixel format (Texture.colorfmt) that can be one of ‘rgb’, ‘rgba’, ‘luminance’, ‘lumi-
nance_alpha’, ‘bgr’ or ‘bgra’. The default value is ‘rgb’
• the buffer format determines how a color component is stored into memory. This can be one of
‘ubyte’, ‘ushort’, ‘uint’, ‘byte’, ‘short’, ‘int’ or ‘float’. The default value and the most commonly
used is ‘ubyte’.
So, if you want to create an RGBA texture:
texture = Texture.create(size=(640, 480), colorfmt='rgba')
You can use your texture in almost all vertex instructions with the kivy.graphics.
VertexIntruction.texture parameter. If you want to use your texture in kv lang, you can save it
in an ObjectProperty inside your widget.
Warning: Using Texture before OpenGL has been initialized will lead to a crash. If you need to
create textures before the application has started, import Window first: from kivy.core.window import
Window
37.17.1 Blitting custom data
You can create your own data and blit it to the texture using Texture.blit_buffer().
For example, to blit immutable bytes data:
# create a 64x64 texture, defaults to rgba / ubyte

texture = Texture.create(size=(64, 64))
# create 64x64 rgb tab, and fill with values from 0 to 255
# we'll have a gradient from black to white
size = 64 * 64 * 3
buf = [int(x * 255 / size) for x in range(size)]
# then, convert the array to a ubyte string

buf = bytes(buf)
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# then blit the buffer

texture.blit_buffer(buf, colorfmt='rgb', bufferfmt='ubyte')
# that's all ! you can use it in your graphics now :)

# if self is a widget, you can do this
with self.canvas:
Rectangle(texture=texture, pos=self.pos, size=(64, 64))
Since 1.9.0, you can blit data stored in a instance that implements the python buffer interface, or a
memoryview thereof, such as numpy arrays, python array.array, a bytearray, or a cython array. This is
beneficial if you expect to blit similar data, with perhaps a few changes in the data.
When using a bytes representation of the data, for every change you have to regenerate the bytes in-
stance, from perhaps a list, which is very inefficient. When using a buffer object, you can simply edit
parts of the original data. Similarly, unless starting with a bytes object, converting to bytes requires a
full copy, however, when using a buffer instance, no memory is copied, except to upload it to the GPU.
Continuing with the example above:
from array import array
size = 64 * 64 * 3
buf = [int(x * 255 / size) for x in range(size)]
# initialize the array with the buffer values
arr = array('B', buf)
# now blit the array
texture.blit_buffer(arr, colorfmt='rgb', bufferfmt='ubyte')
# now change some elements in the original array

arr[24] = arr[50] = 99
# blit again the buffer
texture.blit_buffer(arr, colorfmt='rgb', bufferfmt='ubyte')
37.17.2 BGR/BGRA support
The first time you try to create a BGR or BGRA texture, we check whether your hardware supports BGR
/ BGRA textures by checking the extension ‘GL_EXT_bgra’.
If the extension is not found, the conversion to RGB / RGBA will be done in software.
37.17.3 NPOT texture
Changed in version 1.0.7: If your hardware supports NPOT, no POT is created.

As the OpenGL documentation says, a texture must be power-of-two sized. That means your width
and height can be one of 64, 32, 256. . . but not 3, 68, 42. NPOT means non-power-of-two. OpenGL ES 2
supports NPOT textures natively but with some drawbacks. Another type of NPOT texture is called a
rectangle texture. POT, NPOT and textures all have their own pro/cons.
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Features POT NPOT Rectangle
OpenGL Tar- GL_TEXTURE_2D GL_TEXTURE_2D GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_(NV|ARB|EXT)
get
Texture co- 0-1 range 0-1 range width-height range
ords
Mipmapping Supported Partially No
Wrap mode Supported Supported No
If you create a NPOT texture, we first check whether your hardware supports it by checking the ex-
tensions GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two or OES_texture_npot. If none of these are available, we
create the nearest POT texture that can contain your NPOT texture. The Texture.create() will
return a TextureRegion instead.
37.17.4 Texture atlas
A texture atlas is a single texture that contains many images. If you want to separate the original texture
into many single ones, you don’t need to. You can get a region of the original texture. That will return
the original texture with custom texture coordinates:
# for example, load a 128x128 image that contain 4 64x64 images

texture = Image('mycombinedimage.png').texture
bottomleft = texture.get_region(0, 0, 64, 64)

bottomright = texture.get_region(0, 64, 64, 64)
topleft = texture.get_region(0, 64, 64, 64)
topright = texture.get_region(64, 64, 64, 64)
37.17.5 Mipmapping

Mipmapping is an OpenGL technique for enhancing the rendering of large textures to small surfaces.
Without mipmapping, you might see pixelation when you render to small surfaces. The idea is to
precalculate the subtexture and apply some image filter as a linear filter. Then, when you render a
small surface, instead of using the biggest texture, it will use a lower filtered texture. The result can
look better this way.
To make that happen, you need to specify mipmap=True when you create a texture. Some widgets
already give you the ability to create mipmapped textures, such as the Label and Image.
From the OpenGL Wiki : “So a 64x16 2D texture can have 5 mip-maps: 32x8, 16x4, 8x2, 4x1, 2x1, and
1x1”. Check http://www.opengl.org/wiki/Texture for more information.
Note: As the table in previous section said, if your texture is NPOT, we create the nearest POT texture
and generate a mipmap from it. This might change in the future.
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37.17.6 Reloading the Texture

If the OpenGL context is lost, the Texture must be reloaded. Textures that have a source are automati-
cally reloaded but generated textures must be reloaded by the user.
Use the Texture.add_reload_observer() to add a reloading function that will be automatically
called when needed:

super(...).__init__(**kwargs)
self.texture = Texture.create(size=(512, 512), colorfmt='RGB',
bufferfmt='ubyte')
self.texture.add_reload_observer(self.populate_texture)
# and load the data now.

self.cbuffer = '\x00\xf0\xff' * 512 * 512
self.populate_texture(self.texture)
def populate_texture(self, texture):

texture.blit_buffer(self.cbuffer)
This way, you can use the same method for initialization and reloading.
Note: For all text rendering with our core text renderer, the texture is generated but we already bind a
method to redo the text rendering and reupload the text to the texture. You don’t have to do anything.
class kivy.graphics.texture.Texture(width, height, target, texid=0, colorfmt='rgb',

bufferfmt='ubyte', mipmap=False, source=None,
callback=None, icolorfmt='rgb')
textures or complex textures based on ImageData.
you can reupload your custom data into the GPU.
Parameters
itself.
ask_update(callback)
Indicate that the content of the texture should be updated and the callback function needs to
be called when the texture will be used.
bind()
Bind the texture to the current opengl state.
blit_buffer(pbuffer, size=None, colorfmt=None, pos=None, bufferfmt=None, mipmap_level=0,
mipmap_generation=True, int rowlength=0)
Blit a buffer into the texture.
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Note: Unless the canvas will be updated due to other changes, ask_update() should be
called in order to update the texture.
Parameters
pbuffer: bytes, or a class that implements the buffer interface (including memoryview).
A buffer containing the image data. It can be either a bytes object or a instance
of a class that implements the python buffer interface, e.g. array.array,
bytearray, numpy arrays etc. If it’s not a bytes object, the underlying buffer
must be contiguous, have only one dimension and must not be readonly,
even though the data is not modified, due to a cython limitation. See module
description for usage details.
size: tuple, defaults to texture size Size of the image (width, height)
colorfmt: str, defaults to ‘rgb’ Image format, can be one of ‘rgb’, ‘rgba’, ‘bgr’,
‘bgra’, ‘luminance’ or ‘luminance_alpha’.
pos: tuple, defaults to (0, 0) Position to blit in the texture.
bufferfmt: str, defaults to ‘ubyte’ Type of the data buffer, can be one of ‘ubyte’,
‘ushort’, ‘uint’, ‘byte’, ‘short’, ‘int’ or ‘float’.
mipmap_level: int, defaults to 0 Indicate which mipmap level we are going to
update.
mipmap_generation: bool, defaults to True Indicate if we need to regenerate
the mipmap from level 0.
Changed in version 1.0.7: added mipmap_level and mipmap_generation

Changed in version 1.9.0: pbuffer can now be any class instance that implements the python
buffer interface and / or memoryviews thereof.
blit_data(im, pos=None)
Replace a whole texture with image data.
bufferfmt
Return the buffer format used in this texture (readonly).
colorfmt
Return the color format used in this texture (readonly).
static create(size=None, colorfmt=None, bufferfmt=None, mipmap=False, callback=None,
icolorfmt=None)
texture_create(size=None, colorfmt=None, bufferfmt=None, mipmap=False, call-
back=None, icolorfmt=None) Create a texture based on size.
Parameters
size: tuple, defaults to (128, 128) Size of the texture.
colorfmt: str, defaults to ‘rgba’ Color format of the texture. Can be ‘rgba’
or ‘rgb’, ‘luminance’ or ‘luminance_alpha’. On desktop, additional val-
ues are available: ‘red’, ‘rg’.
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icolorfmt: str, defaults to the value of colorfmt Internal format storage
of the texture. Can be ‘rgba’ or ‘rgb’, ‘luminance’ or ‘luminance_alpha’.
On desktop, additional values are available: ‘r8’, ‘rg8’, ‘rgba8’.
bufferfmt: str, defaults to ‘ubyte’ Internal buffer format of the texture.
Can be ‘ubyte’, ‘ushort’, ‘uint’, ‘bute’, ‘short’, ‘int’ or ‘float’.
mipmap: bool, defaults to False If True, it will automatically generate the
mipmap texture.
callback: callable(), defaults to False If a function is provided, it will be
called when data is needed in the texture.
Changed in version 1.7.0: callback has been added
static create_from_data(im, mipmap=False)
texture_create_from_data(im, mipmap=False) Create a texture from an ImageData class.
flip_horizontal()
Flip tex_coords for horizontal display.
flip_vertical()
Flip tex_coords for vertical display.
get_region(x, y, width, height)
Return a part of the texture defined by the rectangular arguments (x, y, width, height). Re-
turns a TextureRegion instance.
height
Return the height of the texture (readonly).
id
Return the OpenGL ID of the texture (readonly).
mag_filter
Get/set the mag filter texture. Available values:
• linear
• nearest
Check the opengl documentation for more information about the behavior of these values :
http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/docs/man/xhtml/glTexParameter.xml.
min_filter
Get/set the min filter texture. Available values:
• linear
• nearest
• linear_mipmap_linear
• linear_mipmap_nearest
• nearest_mipmap_nearest
• nearest_mipmap_linear
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mipmap
Return True if the texture has mipmap enabled (readonly).
pixels
bottom left.
save(filename, flipped=True, fmt=None)
Save the texture content to a file. Check kivy.core.image.Image.save() for more in-
formation.
The flipped parameter flips the saved image vertically, and defaults to True.
Changed in version 1.8.0: Parameter flipped added, defaults to True. All the OpenGL Texture
are read from bottom / left, it need to be flipped before saving. If you don’t want to flip the
image, set flipped to False.
Changed in version 1.11.0: Parameter fmt added, to pass the final format to the image
provider. Used if filename is a BytesIO
size
Return the (width, height) of the texture (readonly).
target
Return the OpenGL target of the texture (readonly).
tex_coords
Return the list of tex_coords (opengl).
uvpos
Get/set the UV position inside the texture.
uvsize
Get/set the UV size inside the texture.
Warning: The size can be negative if the texture is flipped.
width
Return the width of the texture (readonly).
wrap
Get/set the wrap texture. Available values:
• repeat
• mirrored_repeat
• clamp_to_edge
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class kivy.graphics.texture.TextureRegion(int x, int y, int width, int height, Texture origin)
Bases: kivy.graphics.texture.Texture
texture handling.
ask_update(callback)
bind()
pixels
37.18 Transformation
This module contains a Matrix class used for our Graphics calculations. We currently support:
• rotation, translation and scaling matrices
• multiplication matrix
• clip matrix (with or without perspective)
• transformation matrix for 3d touch
For more information on transformation matrices, please see the OpenGL Matrices Tutorial.
Changed in version 1.6.0: Added Matrix.perspective(), Matrix.look_at() and Matrix.
transpose().
class kivy.graphics.transformation.Matrix
>>> from kivy.graphics.transformation import Matrix

>>> m = Matrix()
>>> print(m)
[[ 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ]
[ 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ]
[ 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 ]
[ 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 ]]
[ 0 1 2 3] [ 4 5 6 7] [ 8 9 10 11] [ 12 13 14 15]
get()
Retrieve the value of the current as a flat list.
identity() → Matrix
Reset the matrix to the identity matrix (inplace).
inverse() → Matrix
Return the inverse of the matrix as a new Matrix.
look_at(double eyex, double eyey, double eyez, double centerx, double centery, double centerz, double
upx, double upy, double upz)
Returns a new lookat Matrix (similar to gluLookAt).
Parameters
eyex: float Eyes X co-ordinate
eyey: float Eyes Y co-ordinate
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eyez: float Eyes Z co-ordinate
centerx: float The X position of the reference point
centery: float The Y position of the reference point
centerz: float The Z position of the reference point
upx: float The X value up vector.
upy: float The Y value up vector.
upz: float The Z value up vector.
multiply(mb, Matrix ma) → Matrix
Multiply the given matrix with self (from the left) i.e. we premultiply the given matrix by
the current matrix and return the result (not inplace):
m.multiply(n) -> n * m
Parameters
ma: Matrix The matrix to multiply by
normal_matrix() → Matrix
Computes the normal matrix, which is the inverse transpose of the top left 3x3 modelview
matrix used to transform normals into eye/camera space.
perspective(double fovy, double aspect, double zNear, double zFar) → Matrix
Creates a perspective matrix (inplace).
Parameters
fovy: float “Field Of View” angle
aspect: float Aspect ratio
zNear: float Near clipping plane
zFar: float Far clippin plane
project(double objx, double objy, double objz, Matrix model, Matrix proj, double vx, double vy, double
vw, double vh)
Project a point from 3d space into a 2d viewport.
Parameters
objx: float Points X co-ordinate
objy: float Points Y co-ordinate
objz: float Points Z co-ordinate
model: Matrix The model matrix
proj: Matrix The projection matrix
vx: float Viewports X co-ordinate
vy: float Viewports y co-ordinate
vw: float Viewports width
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vh: float Viewports height
rotate(double angle, double x, double y, double z) → Matrix
Rotate the matrix through the angle around the axis (x, y, z) (inplace).
Parameters
angle: float The angle through which to rotate the matrix
x: float X position of the point
y: float Y position of the point
z: float Z position of the point
scale(double x, double y, double z) → Matrix
Scale the current matrix by the specified factors over each dimension (inplace).
Parameters
x: float The scale factor along the X axis
y: float The scale factor along the Y axis
z: float The scale factor along the Z axis
set(flat=None, array=None)
Insert custom values into the matrix in a flat list format or 4x4 array format like below:
m.set(array=[
[1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
[0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
[0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]]
)

tolist()
Retrieve the value of the current matrix in numpy format. for example m.tolist() will return:
[[1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000],

[0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000],
[0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000],
[0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000]]
you can use this format to plug the result straight into numpy in this way
numpy.array(m.tolist())
transform_point(double x, double y, double z, t=None) → tuple
Transforms the point by the matrix and returns the transformed point as a (x, y, z) tuple.
If the point is a vector v, the returned values is v2 = matrix * v.
If t is provided, it multiplies it with the last column of the matrix and returns the transformed
(x, y, z, t).
translate(double x, double y, double z) → Matrix
Translate the matrix.
Parameters
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x: float The translation factor along the X axis
y: float The translation factor along the Y axis
z: float The translation factor along the Z axis
transpose() → Matrix
Return the transposed matrix as a new Matrix.
view_clip(double left, double right, double bottom, double top, double near, double far, int
perspective) → Matrix
Create a clip matrix (inplace).
Parameters
left: float Co-ordinate
right: float Co-ordinate
bottom: float Co-ordinate
top: float Co-ordinate
near: float Co-ordinate
far: float Co-ordinate
perpective: int Co-ordinate
Changed in version 1.6.0: Enable support for perspective parameter.
37.19 Vertex Instructions
This module includes all the classes for drawing simple vertex objects.
37.19.1 Updating properties
The list attributes of the graphics instruction classes (e.g. Triangle.points, Mesh.indices etc.)
are not Kivy properties but Python properties. As a consequence, the graphics will only be updated
when the list object itself is changed and not when list values are modified.
For example in python:
class MyWidget(Button):
triangle = ObjectProperty(None)
with self.canvas:
self.triangle = Triangle(points=[0,0, 100,100, 200,0])
and in kv:
<MyWidget>:
text: 'Update'
on_press:
self.triangle.points[3] = 400
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Although pressing the button will change the triangle coordinates, the graphics will not be updated
because the list itself has not changed. Similarly, no updates will occur using any syntax that changes
only elements of the list e.g. self.triangle.points[0:2] = [10,10] or self.triangle.points.insert(10) etc. To
force an update after a change, the list variable itself must be changed, which in this case can be achieved
with:
<MyWidget>:
text: 'Update'
on_press:
self.triangle.points[3] = 400
self.triangle.points = self.triangle.points
class kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Bezier(**kwargs)
Parameters
the curve. The drawing will be smoother if you have many segments.
loop: bool, defaults to False Set the bezier curve to join the last point to the first.
dash_offset: int Distance between the end of a segment and the start of the next
dash_length
Property for getting/setting the length of the dashes in the curve.
dash_offset
Property for getting/setting the offset between the dashes in the curve.
points
Property for getting/settings the points of the triangle.
Warning: This will always reconstruct the whole graphic from the new points list. It can
be very CPU intensive.
segments
Property for getting/setting the number of segments of the curve.
class kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.BorderImage(**kwargs)
concept of a CSS3 border-image.
Parameters
border: list Border information in the format (bottom, right, top, left). Each value
is in pixels.
auto_scale: string New in version 1.9.1.
Changed in version 1.9.2: This used to be a bool and has been changed to be a
string state.
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Can be one of ‘off’, ‘both’, ‘x_only’, ‘y_only’, ‘y_full_x_lower’, ‘x_full_y_lower’,
‘both_lower’.
Autoscale controls the behavior of the 9-slice.
By default the border values are preserved exactly, meaning that if the total size
of the object is smaller than the border values you will have some ‘rendering
errors’ where your texture appears inside out. This also makes it impossible to
achieve a rounded button that scales larger than the size of its source texture.
The various options for auto_scale will let you achieve some mixes of the 2
types of rendering.
‘off’: is the default and behaves as BorderImage did when auto_scale was False
before.
‘both’: Scales both x and y dimension borders according to the size of the Bor-
derImage, this disables the BorderImage making it render the same as a regular
Image.
‘x_only’: The Y dimension functions as the default, and the X scales to the size
of the BorderImage’s width.
‘y_only’: The X dimension functions as the default, and the Y scales to the size
of the BorderImage’s height.
‘y_full_x_lower’: Y scales as in ‘y_only’, Y scales if the size of the scaled version
‘x_full_y_lower’: X scales as in ‘x_only’, Y scales if the size of the scaled version
‘both_lower’: This is what auto_scale did when it was True in 1.9.1 Both X and
Y dimensions will be scaled if the BorderImage is smaller than the source.
If the BorderImage’s size is less than the sum of its borders, horizontally or
vertically, and this property is set to True, the borders will be rescaled to accom-
modate for the smaller size.
auto_scale
Property for setting if the corners are automatically scaled when the BorderImage is too
small.
border
Property for getting/setting the border of the class.
display_border
Property for getting/setting the border display size.
class kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Ellipse(*args, **kwargs)
Changed in version 1.0.7: Added angle_start and angle_end.
Parameters
the ellipse. The drawing will be smoother if you have many segments.
angle_start: int, defaults to 0 Specifies the starting angle, in degrees, of the disk
portion.
angle_end: int, defaults to 360 Specifies the ending angle, in degrees, of the disk
portion.
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angle_end
End angle of the ellipse in degrees, defaults to 360.
angle_start
Start angle of the ellipse in degrees, defaults to 0.
segments
Property for getting/setting the number of segments of the ellipse.
exception kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.GraphicException
Bases: Exception
Exception raised when a graphics error is fired.
class kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line(**kwargs)
Drawing a line can be done easily:
with self.canvas:
Line(points=[100, 100, 200, 100, 100, 200], width=10)
The line has 3 internal drawing modes that you should be aware of for optimal results:
1. If the width is 1.0, then the standard GL_LINE drawing from OpenGL will be used.
dash_length, dash_offset, and dashes will work, while properties for cap and joint
have no meaning here.
2. If the width is greater than 1.0, then a custom drawing method, based on triangulation, will
be used. dash_length, dash_offset, and dashes do not work in this mode. Addition-
ally, if the current color has an alpha less than 1.0, a stencil will be used internally to draw
the line.
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Parameters
dash_offset: int Offset between the end of a segment and the beginning of the next
dashes: list of ints List of [ON length, offset, ON length, offset, . . . ]. E.g. [2,4,1,
6,8,2] would create a line with the first dash length 2 then an offset of 4 then
a dash length of 1 then an offset of 6 and so on. Defaults to []. Changing this
makes it dashed and overrides dash_length and dash_offset.
width: float Width of the line, defaults to 1.0.
cap: str, defaults to ‘round’ See cap for more information.
joint: str, defaults to ‘round’ See joint for more information.
cap_precision: int, defaults to 10 See cap_precision for more information
joint_precision: int, defaults to 10 See joint_precision for more information
See cap_precision for more information.
joint_precision: int, defaults to 10 See joint_precision for more information.
close: bool, defaults to False If True, the line will be closed.
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circle: list If set, the points will be set to build a circle. See circle for more
information.
ellipse: list If set, the points will be set to build an ellipse. See ellipse for more
information.
rectangle: list If set, the points will be set to build a rectangle. See rectangle
bezier: list If set, the points will be set to build a bezier line. See bezier for more
information.
bezier_precision: int, defaults to 180 Precision of the Bezier drawing.
Changed in version 1.0.8: dash_offset and dash_length have been added.
Changed in version 1.4.1: width, cap, joint, cap_precision, joint_precision, close, ellipse, rectangle have
been added.
Changed in version 1.4.1: bezier, bezier_precision have been added.
Changed in version 1.11.0: dashes have been added
bezier
Use this property to build a bezier line, without calculating the points. You can only set
this property, not get it.
The argument must be a tuple of 2n elements, n being the number of points.
Usage:
Line(bezier=(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3)
Note: Bezier lines calculations are inexpensive for a low number of points, but complexity
is quadratic, so lines with a lot of points can be very expensive to build, use with care!
bezier_precision
Number of iteration for drawing the bezier between 2 segments, defaults to 180. The
bezier_precision must be at least 1.
cap
Determine the cap of the line, defaults to ‘round’. Can be one of ‘none’, ‘square’ or ‘round’
cap_precision
Number of iteration for drawing the “round” cap, defaults to 10. The cap_precision must be
at least 1.
circle
Use this property to build a circle, without calculating the points. You can only set this
The argument must be a tuple of (center_x, center_y, radius, angle_start, angle_end, seg-
ments):
• center_x and center_y represent the center of the circle
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• radius represent the radius of the circle
Note that it’s up to you to close the circle or not.
# simple circle
Line(circle=(150, 150, 50))

Line(circle=(150, 150, 50, 90, 180))

Line(circle=(150, 150, 50, 90, 180, 20))

close
If True, the line will be closed.
dash_length
Property for getting/setting the length of the dashes in the curve
dash_offset
Property for getting/setting the offset between the dashes in the curve
dashes
Property for getting/setting dashes.
List of [ON length, offset, ON length, offset, . . . ]. E.g. [2,4,1,6,8,2] would create a line
with the first dash length 2 then an offset of 4 then a dash length of 1 then an offset of 6 and
so on.
ellipse
Use this property to build an ellipse, without calculating the points. You can only set this
The argument must be a tuple of (x, y, width, height, angle_start, angle_end, segments):
• x and y represent the bottom left of the ellipse
• width and height represent the size of the ellipse
Note that it’s up to you to close the ellipse or not.
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# simple ellipse
Line(ellipse=(0, 0, 150, 150))

Line(ellipse=(0, 0, 150, 150, 90, 180))

Line(ellipse=(0, 0, 150, 150, 90, 180, 20))

joint
Determine the join of the line, defaults to ‘round’. Can be one of ‘none’, ‘round’, ‘bevel’,
‘miter’.
joint_precision
Number of iteration for drawing the “round” joint, defaults to 10. The joint_precision must
be at least 1.
points
Property for getting/settings points of the line
Warning: This will always reconstruct the whole graphics from the new points list. It
can be very CPU expensive.
rectangle
The argument must be a tuple of (x, y, width, height):
Usage:
Line(rectangle=(0, 0, 200, 200))

rounded_rectangle
The argument must be a tuple of one of the following forms:
• (x, y, width, height, corner_radius)
• (x, y, width, height, corner_radius, resolution)
• (x, y, width, height, corner_radius1, corner_radius2, corner_radius3, corner_radius4)
• (x, y, width, height, corner_radius1, corner_radius2, corner_radius3, corner_radius4, res-
olution)
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• corner_radius is the number of pixels between two borders and the center of the circle
arc joining them
• resolution is the number of line segment that will be used to draw the circle arc at each
corner (defaults to 30)
Usage:
Line(rounded_rectangle=(0, 0, 200, 200, 10, 20, 30, 40, 100))

width
Determine the width of the line, defaults to 1.0.
class kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Mesh(**kwargs)
In OpenGL ES 2.0 and in our graphics implementation, you cannot have more than 65535 indices.
A list of vertices is described as:
vertices = [x1, y1, u1, v1, x2, y2, u2, v2, ...]
| | | |
+---- i1 ----+ +---- i2 ----+
If you want to draw a triangle, add 3 vertices. You can then make an indices list as follows:
indices = [0, 1, 2]
Parameters
vertices: iterable List of vertices in the format (x1, y1, u1, v1, x2, y2, u2, v2. . . ).
indices: iterable List of indices in the format (i1, i2, i3. . . ).
mode: str Mode of the vbo. Check mode for more information. Defaults to ‘points’.
fmt: list The format for vertices, by default, each vertex is described by 2D coordi-
nates (x, y) and 2D texture coordinate (u, v). Each element of the list should be
a tuple or list, of the form
(variable_name, size, type)
which will allow mapping vertex data to the glsl instructions.
[(b’v_pos’, 2, ‘float’), (b’v_tc’, 2, ‘float’),]
will allow using
attribute vec2 v_pos; attribute vec2 v_tc;
in glsl’s vertex shader.
Changed in version 1.8.1: Before, vertices and indices would always be converted to a list, now,
they are only converted to a list if they do not implement the buffer interface. So e.g. numpy
arrays, python arrays etc. are used in place, without creating any additional copies. However, the
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buffers cannot be readonly (even though they are not changed, due to a cython limitation) and
must be contiguous in memory.
Note: When passing a memoryview or a instance that implements the buffer interface, vertices
should be a buffer of floats (‘f’ code in python array) and indices should be a buffer of unsigned
short (‘H’ code in python array). Arrays in other formats will still have to be converted internally,
negating any potential gain.
indices
Vertex indices used to specify the order when drawing the mesh.
mode
VBO Mode used for drawing vertices/indices. Can be one of ‘points’, ‘line_strip’, ‘line_loop’,
‘lines’, ‘triangles’, ‘triangle_strip’ or ‘triangle_fan’.
vertices
List of x, y, u, v coordinates used to construct the Mesh. Right now, the Mesh instruction
doesn’t allow you to change the format of the vertices, which means it’s only x, y + one
texture coordinate.
class kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Point(**kwargs)
width/height of 2 times the pointsize.
Parameters
points: list List of points in the format (x1, y1, x2, y2. . . ), where each pair of coor-
dinates specifies the center of a new point.
pointsize: float, defaults to 1. The size of the point, measured from the center to
the edge. A value of 1.0 therefore means the real size will be 2.0 x 2.0.
Warning: Starting from version 1.0.7, vertex instruction have a limit of 65535 vertices (indices
of vertex to be accurate). 2 entries in the list (x, y) will be converted to 4 vertices. So the limit
inside Point() class is 2^15-2.
add_point(float x, float y)
Add a point to the current points list.
If you intend to add multiple points, prefer to use this method instead of reassigning a new
points list. Assigning a new points list will recalculate and reupload the whole buffer
into the GPU. If you use add_point, it will only upload the changes.
points
Property for getting/settings the center points in the points list. Each pair of coordinates
specifies the center of a new point.
pointsize
Property for getting/setting point size. The size is measured from the center to the edge, so
a value of 1.0 means the real size will be 2.0 x 2.0.
class kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Quad(**kwargs)
Parameters
points: list List of point in the format (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4).
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points
Property for getting/settings points of the quad.
class kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Rectangle(**kwargs)
Parameters
pos: list Position of the rectangle, in the format (x, y).
size: list Size of the rectangle, in the format (width, height).
pos
Property for getting/settings the position of the rectangle.
size
Property for getting/settings the size of the rectangle.
class kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.RoundedRectangle(**kwargs)
Parameters
the rounded corner. The drawing will be smoother if you have many segments.
radius: list, defaults to [(10.0, 10.0), (10.0, 10.0), (10.0, 10.0), (10.0, 10.0)] Specifies
the radii used for the rounded corners clockwise: top-left, top-right, bottom-
right, bottom-left. Elements of the list can be numbers or tuples of two numbers
to specify different x,y dimensions. One value will define all corner radii to
be of this value. Four values will define each corner radius separately. Higher
numbers of values will be truncated to four. The first value will be used for all
corners if there are fewer than four values.
radius
Corner radii of the rounded rectangle, defaults to [10,].
segments
Property for getting/setting the number of segments for each corner.
class kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.SmoothLine(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line
results. It has few drawbacks:
• drawing a line with alpha will probably not have the intended result if the line crosses itself.
• cap, joint and dash properties are not supported.
• it uses a custom texture with a premultiplied alpha.
• lines under 1px in width are not supported: they will look the same.
Warning: This is an unfinished work, experimental, and subject to crashes.

overdraw_width
Determine the overdraw width of the line, defaults to 1.2.
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premultiplied_texture()
class kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Triangle(**kwargs)
Parameters
points: list List of points in the format (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3).
points
Property for getting/settings points of the triangle.
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CHAPTER
THIRTYEIGHT
INPUT MANAGEMENT
Our input system is wide and simple at the same time. We are currently able to natively support :
• Windows multitouch events (pencil and finger)
• OS X touchpads
• Linux multitouch events (kernel and mtdev)
• Linux wacom drivers (pencil and finger)
• TUIO
All the input management is configurable in the Kivy config. You can easily use many multitouch
devices in one Kivy application.
When the events have been read from the devices, they are dispatched through a post processing mod-
ule before being sent to your application. We also have several default modules for :
• Double tap detection
• Decreasing jittering
• Decreasing the inaccuracy of touch on “bad” DIY hardware
• Ignoring regions
class kivy.input.MotionEvent(device, id, args, is_touch=False, type_id=None)
Bases: kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent
Abstract class that represents an input event.
Parameters
id: str unique ID of the MotionEvent
args: list list of parameters, passed to the depack() function
apply_transform_2d(transform)
Apply a transformation on x, y, z, px, py, pz, ox, oy, oz, dx, dy, dz.
button
Currently pressed button.
copy_to(to)
Copy some attribute to another motion event object.
depack(args)
Depack args into attributes of the class
device
Device used for creating this event.
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dispatch_done()
Notify that dispatch to the listeners is done.
Called by the EventLoopBase.post_dispatch_input().
dispatch_mode
(Experimental) Used by a event manager or a widget to assign the dispatching mode. De-
faults to MODE_DEFAULT_DISPATCH. See eventmanager for available modes.
distance(other_touch)
Return the distance between the two events.
double_tap_time
If the touch is a is_double_tap, this is the time between the previous tap and the current
touch.
property dpos
Return delta between last position and current position, in the screen coordinate system
(self.dx, self.dy).
dsx
Delta between self.sx and self.psx, in 0-1 range.
dsy
Delta between self.sy and self.psy, in 0-1 range.
dsz
Delta between self.sz and self.psz, in 0-1 range.
dx
Delta between self.x and self.px, in window range.
dy
Delta between self.y and self.py, in window range.
dz
Delta between self.z and self.pz, in window range.
grab(class_instance, exclusive=False)
Grab this motion event.
If this event is a touch you can grab it if you want to receive subsequent on_touch_move()
and on_touch_up() events, even if the touch is not dispatched by the parent:

touch.grab(self)

# I received my grabbed touch
else:
# it's a normal touch

# I receive my grabbed touch, I must ungrab it!
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touch.ungrab(self)
else:
pass
Changed in version 2.1.0: Allowed grab for non-touch events.

grab_current
Used to determine which widget the event is being dispatched to. Check the grab() func-
id
Id of the event, not unique. This is generally the Id set by the input provider, like ID in
TUIO. If you have multiple TUIO sources, then same id can be used. Prefer to use uid
attribute instead.
is_double_tap
Indicate if the touch event is a double tap or not.
property is_mouse_scrolling
Returns True if the touch event is a mousewheel scrolling
is_touch
True if the MotionEvent is a touch.
is_triple_tap
Indicate if the touch event is a triple tap or not.
move(args)
Move to another position.
property opos
Return the initial position of the motion event in the screen coordinate system (self.ox,
self.oy).
osx
Origin X position, in 0-1 range.
osy
Origin Y position, in 0-1 range.
osz
Origin Z position, in 0-1 range.
ox
Origin X position, in window range.
oy
Origin Y position, in window range.
oz
Origin Z position, in window range.
pop()
Pop attributes values from the stack.
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pos
Position (X, Y), in window range.
property ppos
Return the previous position of the motion event in the screen coordinate system (self.px,
self.py).
profile
Profiles currently used in the event.
psx
Previous X position, in 0-1 range.
psy
Previous Y position, in 0-1 range.
psz
Previous Z position, in 0-1 range.
push(attrs=None)
Push attribute values in attrs onto the stack.
push_attrs_stack
Attributes to push by default, when we use push() : x, y, z, dx, dy, dz, ox, oy, oz, px, py, pz.
px
Previous X position, in window range.
py
Previous Y position, in window range.
pz
Previous Z position, in window range.
scale_for_screen(w, h, p=None, rotation=0, smode='None', kheight=0)
Scale position for the screen.
Changed in version 2.1.0: Max value for x, y and z is changed respectively to w - 1, h - 1 and
p - 1.
shape
Shape of the touch event, subclass of Shape. By default, the property is set to None.
property spos
Return the position in the 0-1 coordinate system (self.sx, self.sy).
sx
X position, in 0-1 range.
sy
Y position, in 0-1 range.
sync_with_dispatch
If set to True (default) keeps first previous position (X, Y, Z in 0-1 range) and ignore all other
until MotionEvent.dispatch_done() is called from the EventLoop.
This attribute is needed because event provider can make many calls to MotionEvent.
move(), but for all those calls event is dispatched to the listeners only once. Assigning False
will keep latest previous position. See MotionEvent.move().
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sz
Z position, in 0-1 range.
time_end
Time of the end event (last event usage).
time_start
Initial time of the event creation.
time_update
Time of the last update.
to_absolute_pos(nx, ny, x_max, y_max, rotation)
Transforms normalized (0-1) coordinates nx and ny to absolute coordinates using x_max,
y_max and rotation.
Raises ValueError: If rotation is not one of: 0, 90, 180 or 270
triple_tap_time
If the touch is a is_triple_tap, this is the time between the first tap and the current touch.
type_id
(Experimental) String to identify event type.
ud
User data dictionary. Use this dictionary to save your own data on the event.
uid
Uniq ID of the event. You can safely use this property, it will be never the same across all
existing events.
ungrab(class_instance)
Ungrab a previously grabbed motion event.
x
X position, in window range.
y
Y position, in window range.
z
Z position, in window range.
class kivy.input.MotionEventFactory
MotionEvent factory is a class that registers all availables input factories. If you create a new input
factory, you need to register it here:
MotionEventFactory.register('myproviderid', MyInputProvider)
static get(name)
Get a provider class from the provider id
static list()
Get a list of all available providers
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static register(name, classname)
Register a input provider in the database
class kivy.input.MotionEventProvider(device, args)
Base class for a provider.
start()
Start the provider. This method is automatically called when the application is started and if
the configuration uses the current provider.
stop()
Stop the provider.
update(dispatch_fn)
Update the provider and dispatch all the new touch events though the dispatch_fn argument.
38.1 Input Postprocessing
38.1.1 Calibration

Recalibrate input device to a specific range / offset.
Let’s say you have 3 1080p displays, the 2 firsts are multitouch. By default, both will have mixed touch,
the range will conflict with each others: the 0-1 range will goes to 0-5760 px (remember, 3 * 1920 = 5760.)
To fix it, you need to manually reference them. For example:
[input]
left = mtdev,/dev/input/event17
middle = mtdev,/dev/input/event15
# the right screen is just a display.
Then, you can use the calibration postproc module:
[postproc:calibration]
left = xratio=0.3333
middle = xratio=0.3333,xoffset=0.3333
Now, the touches from the left screen will be within 0-0.3333 range, and the touches from the middle
screen will be within 0.3333-0.6666 range.
You can also match calibration rules to devices based on their provider type. This is useful when
probesysfs is used to match devices. For example:
[input]
mtdev_%(name)s = probesysfs,provider=mtdev
Then to apply calibration to any mtdev device, you can assign rules to the provider name enclosed by
parentheses:
[postproc:calibration]
(mtdev) = xratio=0.3333,xoffset=0.3333
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Calibrating devices like this means the device’s path doesn’t need to be configured ahead of time. Note
that with this method, all mtdev inputs will have the same calibration applied to them. For this reason,
matching by provider will typically be useful when expecting only one input device.
class kivy.input.postproc.calibration.InputPostprocCalibration
Recalibrate the inputs.
The configuration must go within a section named postproc:calibration. Within the section, you
must have a line like:
devicename = param=value,param=value
If you wish to match by provider, you must have a line like:
(provider) = param=value,param=value
Parameters
xratio: float Value to multiply X
yratio: float Value to multiply Y
xoffset: float Value to add to X
yoffset: float Value to add to Y
auto: str If set, then the touch is transformed from screen-relative to window-
relative The value is used as an indication of screen size, e.g for fullHD:
auto=1920x1080
If present, this setting overrides all the others. This assumes the input device
exactly covers the display area, if they are different, the computations will be
wrong.
Changed in version 1.11.0: Added auto parameter
38.1.2 Dejitter
Prevent blob jittering.

A problem that is often faced (esp. in optical MT setups) is that of jitterish BLOBs caused by bad camera
characteristics. With this module you can get rid of that jitter. You just define a threshold jitter_distance
in your config, and all touch movements that move the touch by less than the jitter distance are consid-
ered ‘bad’ movements caused by jitter and will be discarded.
class kivy.input.postproc.dejitter.InputPostprocDejitter
Get rid of jitterish BLOBs. Example:
[postproc]
jitter_distance = 0.004
jitter_ignore_devices = mouse,mactouch
Configuration
jitter_distance: float A float in range 0-1.
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jitter_ignore_devices: string A comma-separated list of device identifiers that
should not be processed by dejitter (because they’re very precise already).
38.1.3 Double Tap
Search touch for a double tap

class kivy.input.postproc.doubletap.InputPostprocDoubleTap
InputPostProcDoubleTap is a post-processor to check if a touch is a double tap or not. Double tap
can be configured in the Kivy config file:
[postproc]
double_tap_time = 250
double_tap_distance = 20
Distance parameter is in the range 0-1000 and time is in milliseconds.

find_double_tap(ref )
Find a double tap touch within self.touches. The touch must be not a previous double tap
and the distance must be within the specified threshold. Additionally, the touch profiles
must be the same kind of touch.
38.1.4 Ignore list
Ignore touch on some areas of the screen

class kivy.input.postproc.ignorelist.InputPostprocIgnoreList
InputPostprocIgnoreList is a post-processor which removes touches in the Ignore list. The Ignore
list can be configured in the Kivy config file:
[postproc]
# Format: [(xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax), ...]
ignore = [(0.1, 0.1, 0.15, 0.15)]
The Ignore list coordinates are in the range 0-1, not in screen pixels.
38.1.5 Retain Touch
Reuse touch to counter lost finger behavior

class kivy.input.postproc.retaintouch.InputPostprocRetainTouch
InputPostprocRetainTouch is a post-processor to delay the ‘up’ event of a touch, to reuse it un-
der certains conditions. This module is designed to prevent lost finger touches on some hard-
ware/setups.
Retain touch can be configured in the Kivy config file:
[postproc]
retain_time = 100
retain_distance = 50
The distance parameter is in the range 0-1000 and time is in milliseconds.
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38.1.6 Triple Tap

Search touch for a triple tap
class kivy.input.postproc.tripletap.InputPostprocTripleTap
InputPostProcTripleTap is a post-processor to check if a touch is a triple tap or not. Triple tap can
be configured in the Kivy config file:
[postproc]
triple_tap_time = 250
triple_tap_distance = 20
The distance parameter is in the range 0-1000 and time is in milliseconds.

find_triple_tap(ref )
Find a triple tap touch within self.touches. The touch must be not be a previous triple tap and
the distance must be be within the bounds specified. Additionally, the touch profile must be
the same kind of touch.
38.2 Providers
38.2.1 Android Joystick Input Provider
This module is based on the PyGame JoyStick Input Provider. For more information, please refer to
http://www.pygame.org/docs/ref/joystick.html
class kivy.input.providers.androidjoystick.AndroidMotionEventProvider(device,
args)
Bases: kivy.input.provider.MotionEventProvider
start()
stop()
Stop the provider.
update(dispatch_fn)
38.2.2 Auto Create Input Provider Config Entry for Available MT Hardware (linux
only).
Thanks to Marc Tardif for the probing code, taken from scan-for-mt-device.
The device discovery is done by this provider. However, the reading of input can be performed by
other providers like: hidinput, mtdev and linuxwacom. mtdev is used prior to other providers. For
more information about mtdev, check mtdev.
Here is an example of auto creation:
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[input]
# using mtdev
device_%(name)s = probesysfs,provider=mtdev
# using hidinput
device_%(name)s = probesysfs,provider=hidinput
# using mtdev with a match on name
device_%(name)s = probesysfs,provider=mtdev,match=acer
# using hidinput with custom parameters to hidinput (all on one line)

%(name)s = probesysfs,
provider=hidinput,param=min_pressure=1,param=max_pressure=99
# you can also match your wacom touchscreen

touch = probesysfs,match=E3 Finger,provider=linuxwacom,
select_all=1,param=mode=touch
# and your wacom pen
pen = probesysfs,match=E3 Pen,provider=linuxwacom,
select_all=1,param=mode=pen
By default, ProbeSysfs module will enumerate hardware from the /sys/class/input device, and con-
figure hardware with ABS_MT_POSITION_X capability. But for example, the wacom screen doesn’t
support this capability. You can prevent this behavior by putting select_all=1 in your config line. Add
use_mouse=1 to also include touchscreen hardware that offers core pointer functionality.
38.2.3 Common definitions for a Windows provider
This file provides common definitions for constants used by WM_Touch / WM_Pen.
38.2.4 Leap Motion - finger only
class kivy.input.providers.leapfinger.LeapFingerEvent(*args, **kwargs)

depack(args)
class kivy.input.providers.leapfinger.LeapFingerEventProvider(device, args)
start()
update(dispatch_fn)
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38.2.5 Mouse provider implementation
On linux systems, the mouse provider can be annoying when used with another multitouch provider
(hidinput or mtdev). The Mouse can conflict with them: a single touch can generate one event from the
mouse provider and another from the multitouch provider.
To avoid this behavior, you can activate the “disable_on_activity” token in the mouse configuration.
Then, if any touches are created by another provider, the mouse event will be discarded. Add this to
your configuration:
[input]
mouse = mouse,disable_on_activity
Using multitouch interaction with the mouse

By default, the middle and right mouse buttons, as well as a combination of ctrl + left mouse button
are used for multitouch emulation. If you want to use them for other purposes, you can disable this
behavior by activating the “disable_multitouch” token:
[input]
mouse = mouse,disable_multitouch

You can now selectively control whether a click initiated as described above will emulate multi-touch.
If the touch has been initiated in the above manner (e.g. right mouse button), a multitouch_sim value
will be added to the touch’s profile, and a multitouch_sim property will be added to the touch. By
default, multitouch_sim is True and multitouch will be emulated for that touch. If, however, multi-
touch_on_demand is added to the config:
[input]
mouse = mouse,multitouch_on_demand
then multitouch_sim defaults to False. In that case, if multitouch_sim is set to True before the mouse is
released (e.g. in on_touch_down/move), the touch will simulate a multi-touch event. For example:
if 'multitouch_sim' in touch.profile:
touch.multitouch_sim = True

Provider dispatches hover events by listening to properties/events in Window. Dispatching can be dis-
abled by setting MouseMotionEventProvider.disable_hover to True or by adding disable_hover
in the config:
[input]
mouse = mouse,disable_hover
It’s also possible to enable/disable hover events at runtime with MouseMotionEventProvider.

disable_hover property.
Following is a list of the supported values for the profile property list.
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Profile value Description
button Mouse button (one of left, right, middle, scrollup or scrolldown). Accessed via the
‘button’ property.
pos 2D position. Also reflected in the x, y and pos properties.
multi- Specifies whether multitouch is simulated or not. Accessed via the ‘multitouch_sim’
touch_sim property.
class kivy.input.providers.mouse.MouseMotionEventProvider(device, args)

property disable_hover
Disables dispatching of hover events if set to True.
Hover events are enabled by default (disable_hover is False). See module documentation if
you want to enable/disable hover events through config file.
start()
Start the mouse provider
stop()
Stop the mouse provider
update(dispatch_fn)
Update the mouse provider (pop event from the queue)
38.2.6 Native support for HID input from the linux kernel
Support starts from 2.6.32-ubuntu, or 2.6.34.

To configure HIDInput, add this to your configuration:
[input]
# devicename = hidinput,/dev/input/eventXX
# example with Stantum MTP4.3" screen
stantum = hidinput,/dev/input/event2
Note: You must have read access to the input event.
You can use a custom range for the X, Y and pressure values. For some drivers, the range reported is
invalid. To fix that, you can add these options to the argument line:
• invert_x : 1 to invert X axis
• invert_y : 1 to invert Y axis
• min_position_x : X relative minimum
• max_position_x : X relative maximum
• min_position_y : Y relative minimum
• max_position_y : Y relative maximum
• min_abs_x : X absolute minimum
• min_abs_y : Y absolute minimum
• max_abs_x : X absolute maximum
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• max_abs_y : Y absolute maximum
• min_pressure : pressure minimum
• max_pressure : pressure maximum
• rotation : rotate the input coordinate (0, 90, 180, 270)
For example, on the Asus T101M, the touchscreen reports a range from 0-4095 for the X and Y val-
ues, but the real values are in a range from 0-32768. To correct this, you can add the following to the
configuration:
[input]
t101m = hidinput,/dev/input/event7,max_position_x=32768,max_position_
,→y=32768
New in version 1.9.1: rotation configuration token added.

class kivy.input.providers.hidinput.HIDMotionEvent(*args, **kwargs)
depack(args)
38.2.7 Native support for Multitouch devices on Linux, using libmtdev.
The Mtdev project is a part of the Ubuntu Maverick multitouch architecture. You can read more on
http://wiki.ubuntu.com/Multitouch
To configure MTDev, it’s preferable to use probesysfs providers. Check probesysfs for more infor-
mation.
Otherwise, add this to your configuration:
[input]
# devicename = hidinput,/dev/input/eventXX
acert230h = mtdev,/dev/input/event2
You can use a custom range for the X, Y and pressure values. On some drivers, the range reported is
• min_position_x : X minimum
• max_position_x : X maximum
• min_position_y : Y minimum
• max_position_y : Y maximum
• min_touch_major : width shape minimum
• max_touch_major : width shape maximum
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• min_touch_minor : width shape minimum
• max_touch_minor : height shape maximum
• rotation : 0,90,180 or 270 to rotate
An inverted display configuration will look like this:
[input]
# example for inverting touch events
display = mtdev,/dev/input/event0,invert_x=1,invert_y=1
class kivy.input.providers.mtdev.MTDMotionEvent(*args, **kwargs)

depack(args)
38.2.8 Native support of MultitouchSupport framework for MacBook (MaxOSX plat-

form)
class kivy.input.providers.mactouch.MacMotionEventProvider(*largs, **kwargs)

start()
stop()
Stop the provider.
update(dispatch_fn)
38.2.9 Native support of Wacom tablet from linuxwacom driver
To configure LinuxWacom, add this to your configuration:
[input]
pen = linuxwacom,/dev/input/event2,mode=pen
finger = linuxwacom,/dev/input/event3,mode=touch
You can use a custom range for the X, Y and pressure values. On some drivers, the range reported is
• min_position_x : X minimum
• max_position_x : X maximum
• min_position_y : Y minimum
• max_position_y : Y maximum
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class kivy.input.providers.linuxwacom.LinuxWacomMotionEvent(*args, **kwargs)
depack(args)
38.2.10 TUIO Input Provider
TUIO is the de facto standard network protocol for the transmission of touch and fiducial information
between a server and a client. To learn more about TUIO (which is itself based on the OSC protocol),
please refer to http://tuio.org – The specification should be of special interest.
Configure a TUIO provider in the config.ini
The TUIO provider can be configured in the configuration file in the [input] section:
[input]
# name = tuio,<ip>:<port>
multitouchtable = tuio,192.168.0.1:3333
Configure a TUIO provider in the App
You must add the provider before your application is run, like this:

class TestApp(App):
def build(self):
Config.set('input', 'multitouchscreen1', 'tuio,0.0.0.0:3333')
# You can also add a second TUIO listener
# Config.set('input', 'source2', 'tuio,0.0.0.0:3334')
# Then do the usual things
# ...
return
class kivy.input.providers.tuio.Tuio2dCurMotionEvent(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: kivy.input.providers.tuio.TuioMotionEvent
A 2dCur TUIO touch.
depack(args)
class kivy.input.providers.tuio.Tuio2dObjMotionEvent(*args, **kwargs)
Bases: kivy.input.providers.tuio.TuioMotionEvent
A 2dObj TUIO object.
depack(args)
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class kivy.input.providers.tuio.TuioMotionEventProvider(device, args)
The TUIO provider listens to a socket and handles some of the incoming OSC messages:
• /tuio/2Dcur
• /tuio/2Dobj
You can easily extend the provider to handle new TUIO paths like so:
# Create a class to handle the new TUIO type/path

# Replace NEWPATH with the pathname you want to handle
class TuioNEWPATHMotionEvent(MotionEvent):
def depack(self, args):

# In this method, implement 'unpacking' for the received
# arguments. you basically translate from TUIO args to Kivy
# MotionEvent variables. If all you receive are x and y
# values, you can do it like this:
if len(args) == 2:
self.sx, self.sy = args
self.profile = ('pos', )
self.sy = 1 - self.sy
super().depack(args)
# Register it with the TUIO MotionEvent provider.

# You obviously need to replace the PATH placeholders appropriately.
TuioMotionEventProvider.register('/tuio/PATH', TuioNEWPATHMotionEvent)
Note: The class name is of no technical importance. Your class will be associated with the path
that you pass to the register() function. To keep things simple, you should name your class
after the path that it handles, though.
static create(oscpath, **kwargs)

Create a touch event from a TUIO path
static register(oscpath, classname)
Register a new path to handle in TUIO provider
start()
Start the TUIO provider
stop()
Stop the TUIO provider
static unregister(oscpath, classname)
Unregister a path to stop handling it in the TUIO provider
update(dispatch_fn)
Update the TUIO provider (pop events from the queue)
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38.3 Input recorder
Warning: This part of Kivy is still experimental and this API is subject to change in a future version.
This is a class that can record and replay some input events. This can be used for test cases, screen
savers etc.
Once activated, the recorder will listen for any input event and save its properties in a file with the delta
time. Later, you can play the input file: it will generate fake touch events with the saved properties and
dispatch it to the event loop.
By default, only the position is saved (‘pos’ profile and ‘sx’, ‘sy’, attributes). Change it only if you
understand how input handling works.
38.3.1 Recording events
The best way is to use the “recorder” module. Check the Modules documentation to see how to activate
a module.
Once activated, you can press F8 to start the recording. By default, events will be written to <current-
path>/recorder.kvi. When you want to stop recording, press F8 again.
You can replay the file by pressing F7.
Check the Recorder module module for more information.
38.3.2 Manual play
You can manually open a recorder file, and play it by doing:
from kivy.input.recorder import Recorder
rec = Recorder(filename='myrecorder.kvi')
rec.play = True
If you want to loop over that file, you can do:
def recorder_loop(instance, value):

if value is False:
instance.play = True
rec = Recorder(filename='myrecorder.kvi')
rec.bind(play=recorder_loop)
rec.play = True
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38.3.3 Recording more attributes
You can extend the attributes to save on one condition: attributes values must be simple values, not
instances of complex classes.
Let’s say you want to save the angle and pressure of the touch, if available:
rec = Recorder(filename='myrecorder.kvi',
record_attrs=['is_touch', 'sx', 'sy', 'angle', 'pressure'],
record_profile_mask=['pos', 'angle', 'pressure'])
rec.record = True
Or with modules variables:
$ python main.py -m recorder,attrs=is_touch:sx:sy:angle:pressure,

,→ profile_mask=pos:angle:pressure
38.3.4 Known limitations
• Unable to save attributes with instances of complex classes.

• Values that represent time will not be adjusted.
• Can replay only complete records. If a begin/update/end event is missing, this could lead to
ghost touches.
• Stopping the replay before the end can lead to ghost touches.
class kivy.input.recorder.Recorder(**kwargs)
Recorder class. Please check module documentation for more information.
Events
on_stop: Fired when the playing stops.
Changed in version 1.10.0: Event on_stop added.
counter
Number of events recorded in the last session.
counter is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0, read-only.
filename
Filename to save the output of the recorder.
filename is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘recorder.kvi’.
play
Boolean to start/stop the replay of the current file (if it exists).
play is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
record
Boolean to start/stop the recording of input events.
record is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
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record_attrs
Attributes to record from the motion event.
record_attrs is a ListProperty and defaults to [‘is_touch’, ‘sx’, ‘sy’].
record_profile_mask
Profile to save in the fake motion event when replayed.
record_profile_mask is a ListProperty and defaults to [‘pos’].
window
Window instance to attach the recorder. If None, it will use the default instance.
window is a ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
38.4 Motion Event
The MotionEvent is the base class used for events provided by pointing devices (touch and non-
touch). This class defines all the properties and methods needed to handle 2D and 3D movements but
has many more capabilities.
Usually you would never need to create the MotionEvent yourself as this is the role of the
providers.
38.4.1 Flow of the motion events
1. The MotionEvent ‘s are gathered from input providers by EventLoopBase.

2. Post processing is performed by registered processors postproc.
3. EventLoopBase dispatches all motion events using on_motion event to all registered listeners
including the WindowBase.
4. Once received in on_motion() events (touch or non-touch) are all registered managers.
If a touch event is not handled by at least one manager, then it is dispatched through
on_touch_down(), on_touch_move() and on_touch_up().
5. Widgets receive events in on_motion() method (if passed by a manager) or on on_touch_xxx
methods.
38.4.2 Motion events and event managers
A motion event is a touch event if its MotionEvent.is_touch is set to True. Beside is_touch attribute,
MotionEvent.type_id can be used to check for event’s general type. Currently two types are dis-
patched by input providers: “touch” and “hover”.
Event managers can be used to dispatch any motion event throughout the widget tree and a manager
uses type_id to specify which event types it want to receive. See eventmanager to learn how to define
and register an event manager.
A manager can also assign a new type_id to MotionEvent.type_id before dispatching it to the wid-
gets. This useful when dispatching a specific event:
class MouseTouchManager(EventManagerBase):
type_ids = ('touch',)
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def dispatch(self, etype, me):
accepted = False
if me.device == 'mouse':
me.push() # Save current type_id and other values
me.type_id = 'mouse_touch'
self.window.transform_motion_event_2d(me)
# Dispatch mouse touch event to widgets which registered
# to receive 'mouse_touch'
for widget in self.window.children[:]:
if widget.dispatch('on_motion', etype, me):
accepted = True
break
me.pop() # Restore
return accepted
38.4.3 Listening to a motion event
If you want to receive all motion events, touch or not, you can bind the MotionEvent from the Window
to your own callback:
def on_motion(self, etype, me):

# will receive all motion events.
pass
Window.bind(on_motion=on_motion)
You can also listen to changes of the mouse position by watching mouse_pos.
38.4.4 Profiles
The MotionEvent stores device specific information in various properties listed in the profile. For
example, you can receive a MotionEvent that has an angle, a fiducial ID, or even a shape. You can check
the profile attribute to see what is currently supported by the MotionEvent provider.
This is a short list of the profile values supported by default. Please check the MotionEvent.profile
property to see what profile values are available.
Profile Description
value
angle 2D angle. Accessed via the a property.
button Mouse button (‘left’, ‘right’, ‘middle’, ‘scrollup’ or ‘scrolldown’). Accessed via the
button property.
markerid Marker or Fiducial ID. Accessed via the fid property.
pos 2D position. Accessed via the x, y or pos properties.
pos3d 3D position. Accessed via the x, y or z properties.
pressure Pressure of the contact. Accessed via the pressure property.
shape Contact shape. Accessed via the shape property .
If you want to know whether the current MotionEvent has an angle:
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if 'angle' in touch.profile:
print('The touch angle is', touch.a)
If you want to select only the fiducials:

if 'markerid' not in touch.profile:
return
class kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent(device, id, args, is_touch=False, type_id=None)

Abstract class that represents an input event.
Parameters
id: str unique ID of the MotionEvent
args: list list of parameters, passed to the depack() function
apply_transform_2d(transform)
Apply a transformation on x, y, z, px, py, pz, ox, oy, oz, dx, dy, dz.
button
Currently pressed button.
copy_to(to)
Copy some attribute to another motion event object.
depack(args)
device
Device used for creating this event.
dispatch_done()
Notify that dispatch to the listeners is done.
Called by the EventLoopBase.post_dispatch_input().
dispatch_mode
(Experimental) Used by a event manager or a widget to assign the dispatching mode. De-
faults to MODE_DEFAULT_DISPATCH. See eventmanager for available modes.
distance(other_touch)
Return the distance between the two events.
double_tap_time
If the touch is a is_double_tap, this is the time between the previous tap and the current
touch.
property dpos
Return delta between last position and current position, in the screen coordinate system
(self.dx, self.dy).
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dsx
Delta between self.sx and self.psx, in 0-1 range.
dsy
Delta between self.sy and self.psy, in 0-1 range.
dsz
Delta between self.sz and self.psz, in 0-1 range.
dx
Delta between self.x and self.px, in window range.
dy
Delta between self.y and self.py, in window range.
dz
Delta between self.z and self.pz, in window range.
grab(class_instance, exclusive=False)
Grab this motion event.
If this event is a touch you can grab it if you want to receive subsequent on_touch_move()
and on_touch_up() events, even if the touch is not dispatched by the parent:

touch.grab(self)

# I received my grabbed touch
else:

# I receive my grabbed touch, I must ungrab it!
touch.ungrab(self)
else:
pass
Changed in version 2.1.0: Allowed grab for non-touch events.

grab_current
Used to determine which widget the event is being dispatched to. Check the grab() func-
id
Id of the event, not unique. This is generally the Id set by the input provider, like ID in
TUIO. If you have multiple TUIO sources, then same id can be used. Prefer to use uid
attribute instead.
is_double_tap
Indicate if the touch event is a double tap or not.
property is_mouse_scrolling
Returns True if the touch event is a mousewheel scrolling
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is_touch
True if the MotionEvent is a touch.
is_triple_tap
Indicate if the touch event is a triple tap or not.
move(args)
Move to another position.
property opos
Return the initial position of the motion event in the screen coordinate system (self.ox,
self.oy).
osx
Origin X position, in 0-1 range.
osy
Origin Y position, in 0-1 range.
osz
Origin Z position, in 0-1 range.
ox
Origin X position, in window range.
oy
Origin Y position, in window range.
oz
Origin Z position, in window range.
pop()
Pop attributes values from the stack.
pos
Position (X, Y), in window range.
property ppos
Return the previous position of the motion event in the screen coordinate system (self.px,
self.py).
profile
Profiles currently used in the event.
psx
Previous X position, in 0-1 range.
psy
Previous Y position, in 0-1 range.
psz
Previous Z position, in 0-1 range.
push(attrs=None)
Push attribute values in attrs onto the stack.
push_attrs_stack
Attributes to push by default, when we use push() : x, y, z, dx, dy, dz, ox, oy, oz, px, py, pz.
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px
Previous X position, in window range.
py
Previous Y position, in window range.
pz
Previous Z position, in window range.
scale_for_screen(w, h, p=None, rotation=0, smode='None', kheight=0)
Scale position for the screen.
Changed in version 2.1.0: Max value for x, y and z is changed respectively to w - 1, h - 1 and
p - 1.
shape
Shape of the touch event, subclass of Shape. By default, the property is set to None.
property spos
Return the position in the 0-1 coordinate system (self.sx, self.sy).
sx
X position, in 0-1 range.
sy
Y position, in 0-1 range.
sync_with_dispatch
If set to True (default) keeps first previous position (X, Y, Z in 0-1 range) and ignore all other
until MotionEvent.dispatch_done() is called from the EventLoop.
This attribute is needed because event provider can make many calls to MotionEvent.
move(), but for all those calls event is dispatched to the listeners only once. Assigning False
will keep latest previous position. See MotionEvent.move().
sz
Z position, in 0-1 range.
time_end
Time of the end event (last event usage).
time_start
Initial time of the event creation.
time_update
Time of the last update.
to_absolute_pos(nx, ny, x_max, y_max, rotation)
Transforms normalized (0-1) coordinates nx and ny to absolute coordinates using x_max,
y_max and rotation.
Raises ValueError: If rotation is not one of: 0, 90, 180 or 270
triple_tap_time
If the touch is a is_triple_tap, this is the time between the first tap and the current touch.
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type_id
(Experimental) String to identify event type.
ud
User data dictionary. Use this dictionary to save your own data on the event.
uid
Uniq ID of the event. You can safely use this property, it will be never the same across all
existing events.
ungrab(class_instance)
Ungrab a previously grabbed motion event.
x
X position, in window range.
y
Y position, in window range.
z
Z position, in window range.
38.5 Motion Event Factory
Factory of MotionEvent providers.

class kivy.input.factory.MotionEventFactory
MotionEvent factory is a class that registers all availables input factories. If you create a new input
factory, you need to register it here:
MotionEventFactory.register('myproviderid', MyInputProvider)
static get(name)
Get a provider class from the provider id
static list()
Get a list of all available providers
static register(name, classname)
Register a input provider in the database
38.6 Motion Event Provider
Abstract class for the implementation of a MotionEvent provider. The implementation must support
the start(), stop() and update() methods.
class kivy.input.provider.MotionEventProvider(device, args)
Base class for a provider.
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start()
stop()
Stop the provider.
update(dispatch_fn)
38.7 Motion Event Shape
Represent the shape of the MotionEvent

class kivy.input.shape.Shape
Abstract class for all implementations of a shape
class kivy.input.shape.ShapeRect
Bases: kivy.input.shape.Shape
Class for the representation of a rectangle.
height
Height of the rect
width
Width of the rect
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CHAPTER
THIRTYNINE
KIVY LANGUAGE
The Kivy language is a language dedicated to describing user interface and interactions. You could
compare this language to Qt’s QML (http://qt.nokia.com), but we included new concepts such as rule
definitions (which are somewhat akin to what you may know from CSS), templating and so on.
Changed in version 1.7.0: The Builder doesn’t execute canvas expressions in realtime anymore. It will
pack all the expressions that need to be executed first and execute them after dispatching input, just
before drawing the frame. If you want to force the execution of canvas drawing, just call Builder.
sync.
An experimental profiling tool for the kv lang is also included. You can activate it by setting the envi-
ronment variable KIVY_PROFILE_LANG=1. It will then generate an html file named builder_stats.html.
39.1 Overview
The language consists of several constructs that you can use:

Rules A rule is similar to a CSS rule. A rule applies to specific widgets (or classes thereof)
in your widget tree and modifies them in a certain way. You can use rules to specify
interactive behaviour or use them to add graphical representations of the widgets they
apply to. You can target a specific class of widgets (similar to the CSS concept of a class)
by using the cls attribute (e.g. cls=MyTestWidget).
A Root Widget You can use the language to create your entire user interface. A kv file must
contain only one root widget at most.
Dynamic Classes (introduced in version 1.7.0) Dynamic classes let you create new widgets
and rules on-the-fly, without any Python declaration.
Templates (deprecated) (introduced in version 1.0.5, deprecated from version 1.7.0) Templates
were used to populate parts of an application, such as styling the content of a list (e.g.
icon on the left, text on the right). They are now deprecated by dynamic classes.
39.2 Syntax of a kv File
A Kivy language file must have .kv as filename extension.

The content of the file should always start with the Kivy header, where version must be replaced with
the Kivy language version you’re using. For now, use 1.0:
#:kivy `1.0`
# content here
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The content can contain rule definitions, a root widget, dynamic class definitions and templates:
# Syntax of a rule definition. Note that several Rules can share the same
# definition (as in CSS). Note the braces: they are part of the definition.
<Rule1,Rule2>:
# .. definitions ..
<Rule3>:
# .. definitions ..
# Syntax for creating a root widget

RootClassName:
# .. definitions ..
# Syntax for creating a dynamic class

<NewWidget@BaseClass>:
# .. definitions ..
# Syntax for create a template

[TemplateName@BaseClass1,BaseClass2]:
# .. definitions ..
Regardless of whether it’s a rule, root widget, dynamic class or template you’re defining, the definition
should look like this:
# With the braces it's a rule. Without them, it's a root widget.
<ClassName>:
prop1: value1
prop2: value2
canvas:
CanvasInstruction1:
canvasprop1: value1
CanvasInstruction2:
canvasprop2: value2
AnotherClass:
prop3: value1
Here prop1 and prop2 are the properties of ClassName and prop3 is the property of AnotherClass. If the
widget doesn’t have a property with the given name, an ObjectProperty will be automatically cre-
ated and added to the widget.
AnotherClass will be created and added as a child of the ClassName instance.
• The indentation is important and must be consistent. The spacing must be a multiple of the
number of spaces used on the first indented line. Spaces are encouraged: mixing tabs and spaces
is not recommended.
• The value of a property must be given on a single line (for now at least).
• Keep class names capitalized to avoid syntax errors.
• The canvas property is special: you can put graphics instructions in it to create a graphical repre-
sentation of the current class.
Here is a simple example of a kv file that contains a root widget:
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#:kivy 1.0
Button:
text: 'Hello world'
Changed in version 1.7.0: The indentation is not limited to 4 spaces anymore. The spacing must be a
multiple of the number of spaces used on the first indented line.
Both the load_file() and the load_string() methods return the root widget defined in your kv
file/string. They will also add any class and template definitions to the Factory for later usage.
39.3 Value Expressions, on_property Expressions, ids, and Reserved

Keywords
When you specify a property’s value, the value is evaluated as a Python expression. This expression can
be static or dynamic, which means that the value can use the values of other properties using reserved
keywords.
self The keyword self references the “current widget instance”:
Button:
text: 'My state is %s' % self.state
root This keyword is available only in rule definitions and represents the root widget of the
rule (the first instance of the rule):
<MyWidget>:
custom: 'Hello world'
Button:
text: root.custom
app This keyword always refers to your app instance. It’s equivalent to a call to kivy.
app.App.get_running_app() in Python.
Label:
text: app.name
args This keyword is available in on_<action> callbacks. It refers to the arguments passed
to the callback.
TextInput:
on_focus: self.insert_text("Focus" if args[1] else "No
,→focus")
Changed in version 2.1.0: f-strings are now parsed in value expressions, allowing to bind to the prop-
erties that they contain.
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39.3.1 ids
Class definitions may contain ids which can be used as a keywords::
<MyWidget>:
Button:
id: btn1
Button:
text: 'The state of the other button is %s' % btn1.state
Please note that the id will not be available in the widget instance: it is used exclusively for external
references. id is a weakref to the widget, and not the widget itself. The widget itself can be accessed
with <id>.__self__ (btn1.__self__ in this case).
When the kv file is processed, weakrefs to all the widgets tagged with ids are added to the root widget’s
ids dictionary. In other words, following on from the example above, the buttons state could also be
accessed as follows:
widget = MyWidget()
state = widget.ids["btn1"].state
# Or, as an alternative syntax,

state = widget.ids.btn1.state
Note that the outermost widget applies the kv rules to all its inner widgets before any other rules are
applied. This means if an inner widget contains ids, these ids may not be available during the inner
widget’s __init__ function.
39.3.2 Valid expressions
There are two places that accept python statements in a kv file: after a property, which assigns to
the property the result of the expression (such as the text of a button as shown above) and after a
on_property, which executes the statement when the property is updated (such as on_state).
In the former case, the expression can only span a single line, cannot be extended to multiple lines using
newline escaping, and must return a value. An example of a valid expression is text: self.state
and ('up' if self.state == 'normal' else 'down').
In the latter case, multiple single line statements are valid, including those that escape their newline, as
long as they don’t add an indentation level.
Examples of valid statements are:
on_press: if self.state == 'normal': print('normal')

on_state:
if self.state == 'normal': print('normal')
else: print('down')
if self.state == 'normal': \
print('multiline normal')
for i in range(10): print(i)
print([1,2,3,4,
5,6,7])
An example of a invalid statement:
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on_state:
if self.state == 'normal':
print('normal')
39.4 Relation Between Values and Properties
When you use the Kivy language, you might notice that we do some work behind the scenes to auto-
matically make things work properly. You should know that Properties implement the Observer Design
Pattern. That means that you can bind your own function to be called when the value of a property
changes (i.e. you passively observe the property for potential changes).
The Kivy language detects properties in your value expression and will create callbacks to automatically
update the property via your expression when changes occur.
Here’s a simple example that demonstrates this behaviour:
Button:
text: str(self.state)
In this example, the parser detects that self.state is a dynamic value (a property). The state property of
the button can change at any moment (when the user touches it). We now want this button to display
its own state as text, even as the state changes. To do this, we use the state property of the Button and
use it in the value expression for the button’s text property, which controls what text is displayed on the
button (We also convert the state to a string representation). Now, whenever the button state changes,
the text property will be updated automatically.
Remember: The value is a python expression! That means that you can do something more interesting
like:
Button:
text: 'Plop world' if self.state == 'normal' else 'Release me!'
The Button text changes with the state of the button. By default, the button text will be ‘Plop world’,
but when the button is being pressed, the text will change to ‘Release me!’.
More precisely, the kivy language parser detects all substrings of the form X.a.b where X is self or root
or app or a known id, and a and b are properties: it then adds the appropriate dependencies to cause
the the constraint to be reevaluated whenever something changes. For example, this works exactly as
expected:
<IndexedExample>:
beta: self.a.b[self.c.d]
However, due to limitations in the parser which hopefully may be lifted in the future, the following
doesn’t work:
<BadExample>:
beta: self.a.b[self.c.d].e.f
indeed the .e.f part is not recognized because it doesn’t follow the expected pattern, and so, does not re-
sult in an appropriate dependency being setup. Instead, an intermediate property should be introduced
to allow the following constraint:
<GoodExample>:
alpha: self.a.b[self.c.d]
beta: self.alpha.e.f
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In addition, properties in python f-strings are also not yet supported:
<FStringExample>:
text: f"I want to use {self.a} in property"
Instead, the format() method should be used:
<FormatStringExample>:
text: "I want to use {} in property".format(self.a)
39.5 Graphical Instructions
The graphical instructions are a special part of the Kivy language. They are handled by the ‘canvas’
property definition:
Widget:
canvas:
Color:
rgb: (1, 1, 1)
Rectangle:
size: self.size
pos: self.pos
All the classes added inside the canvas property must be derived from the Instruction class. You
cannot put any Widget class inside the canvas property (as that would not make sense because a widget
is not a graphics instruction).
If you want to do theming, you’ll have the same question as in CSS: which rules have been executed
first? In our case, the rules are executed in processing order (i.e. top-down).
If you want to change how Buttons are rendered, you can create your own kv file and add something
like this:
<Button>:
canvas:
Color:
rgb: (1, 0, 0)
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.texture_size
texture: self.texture
This will result in buttons having a red background with the label in the bottom left, in addition to all
the preceding rules. You can clear all the previous instructions by using the Clear command:
<Button>:
canvas:
Clear
Color:
rgb: (1, 0, 0)
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
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size: self.size
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
Then, only your rules that follow the Clear command will be taken into consideration.
39.6 Dynamic classes
Dynamic classes allow you to create new widgets on-the-fly, without any python declaration in the first
place. The syntax of the dynamic classes is similar to the Rules, but you need to specify the base classes
you want to subclass.
The syntax looks like:
# Simple inheritance
<NewWidget@Button>:
# kv code here ...
# Multiple inheritance
<NewWidget@ButtonBehavior+Label>:
# kv code here ...
The @ character is used to separate your class name from the classes you want to subclass. The Python
equivalent would have been:
# Simple inheritance
class NewWidget(Button):
pass
# Multiple inheritance
class NewWidget(ButtonBehavior, Label):
pass
Any new properties, usually added in python code, should be declared first. If the property doesn’t
exist in the dynamic class, it will be automatically created as an ObjectProperty (pre 1.8.0) or as an
appropriate typed property (from version 1.8.0).
Changed in version 1.8.0: If the property value is an expression that can be evaluated right away (no
external binding), then the value will be used as default value of the property, and the type of the value
will be used for the specialization of the Property class. In other terms: if you declare hello: “world”, a
new StringProperty will be instantiated, with the default value “world”. Lists, tuples, dictionaries
and strings are supported.
Let’s illustrate the usage of these dynamic classes with an implementation of a basic Image button. We
could derive our classes from the Button and just add a property for the image filename:
<ImageButton@Button>:
source: None
Image:
source: root.source
pos: root.pos
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size: root.size
# let's use the new classes in another rule:

<MainUI>:
BoxLayout:
ImageButton:
source: 'hello.png'
on_press: root.do_something()
ImageButton:
source: 'world.png'
on_press: root.do_something_else()
In Python, you can create an instance of the dynamic class as follows:
from kivy.factory import Factory

button_inst = Factory.ImageButton()
Note: Using dynamic classes, a child class can be declared before its parent. This however, leads to
the unintuitive situation where the parent properties/methods override those of the child. Be careful if
you choose to do this.
39.7 Templates
Changed in version 1.7.0: Template usage is now deprecated. Please use Dynamic classes instead.
39.7.1 Syntax of templates
Using a template in Kivy requires 2 things :

1. a context to pass for the context (will be ctx inside template).
2. a kv definition of the template.
Syntax of a template:
# With only one base class

[ClassName@BaseClass]:
# .. definitions ..
# With more than one base class

[ClassName@BaseClass1,BaseClass2]:
# .. definitions ..
For example, for a list, you’ll need to create a entry with a image on the left, and a label on the right.
You can create a template for making that definition easier to use. So, we’ll create a template that uses
2 entries in the context: an image filename and a title:
[IconItem@BoxLayout]:
Image:
source: ctx.image
Label:
text: ctx.title
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Then in Python, you can instantiate the template using:
# create a template with hello world + an image

# the context values should be passed as kwargs to the Builder.template
# function
icon1 = Builder.template('IconItem', title='Hello world',
image='myimage.png')
# create a second template with other information

ctx = {'title': 'Another hello world',
'image': 'myimage2.png'}
icon2 = Builder.template('IconItem', **ctx)
# and use icon1 and icon2 as other widget.
39.7.2 Template example
Most of time, when you are creating a screen in the kv lang, you use a lot of redefinitions. In our
example, we’ll create a Toolbar, based on a BoxLayout, and put in a few Image widgets that will react
to the on_touch_down event.
<MyToolbar>:
BoxLayout:
Image:
source: 'data/text.png'
size_hint: None, None
on_touch_down: self.collide_point(*args[1].pos) and root.
,→create_text()
Image:
source: 'data/image.png'
,→create_image()
Image:
source: 'data/video.png'
,→create_video()
We can see that the size and size_hint attribute are exactly the same. More than that, the callback in
on_touch_down and the image are changing. These can be the variable part of the template that we can
put into a context. Let’s try to create a template for the Image:
[ToolbarButton@Image]:
# This is the same as before

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# Now, we are using the ctx for the variable part of the template
source: 'data/%s.png' % ctx.image
on_touch_down: self.collide_point(*args[1].pos) and ctx.callback()
The template can be used directly in the MyToolbar rule:
<MyToolbar>:
BoxLayout:
ToolbarButton:
image: 'text'
callback: root.create_text
ToolbarButton:
image: 'image'
callback: root.create_image
ToolbarButton:
image: 'video'
callback: root.create_video
That’s all :)
39.7.3 Template limitations
When you are creating a context:

1. you cannot use references other than “root”:
<MyRule>:
Widget:
id: mywidget
value: 'bleh'
Template:
ctxkey: mywidget.value # << fail, this references the
,→id
# mywidget
2. not all of the dynamic parts will be understood:
<MyRule>:
Template:
ctxkey: 'value 1' if root.prop1 else 'value2' # <<
,→even if
# root.prop1 is a property, if it changes value, ctxkey

# will not be updated
Template definitions also replace any similarly named definitions in their entirety and thus do not
support inheritance.
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39.8 Redefining a widget’s style
Sometimes we would like to inherit from a widget in order to use its Python properties without also
using its .kv defined style. For example, we would like to inherit from a Label, but we would also like
to define our own canvas instructions instead of automatically using the canvas instructions inherited
from the Label. We can achieve this by prepending a dash (-) before the class name in the .kv style
definition.
In myapp.py:
class MyWidget(Label):
pass
and in my.kv:
<-MyWidget>:
canvas:
Color:
rgb: 1, 1, 1
Rectangle:
size: (32, 32)
MyWidget will now have a Color and Rectangle instruction in its canvas without any of the instructions
inherited from the Label.
39.9 Redefining a widget’s property style
Similar to redefining style, sometimes we would like to inherit from a widget, keep all its KV defined
styles, except for the style applied to a specific property. For example, we would like to inherit from a
Button, but we would also like to set our own state_image, rather then relying on the background_normal
and background_down values. We can achieve this by prepending a dash (-) before the state_image prop-
erty name in the .kv style definition.
In myapp.py:
class MyWidget(Button):
new_background = StringProperty('my_background.png')
and in my.kv:
<MyWidget>:
-state_image: self.new_background
MyWidget will now have a state_image background set only by new_background, and not by any previous
styles that may have set state_image.
Note: Although the previous rules are cleared, they are still applied during widget construction and
are only removed when the new rule with the dash is reached. This means that initially, previous rules
could be used to set the property.
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39.10 Order of kwargs and KV rule application
Properties can be initialized in KV as well as in python. For example, in KV:
<MyRule@Widget>:
text: 'Hello'
ramp: 45.
order: self.x + 10
Then MyRule() would initialize all three kivy properties to the given KV values. Separately in python,
if the properties already exist as kivy properties one can do for example MyRule(line=’Bye’, side=55).
However, what will be the final values of the properties when MyRule(text=’Bye’, order=55) is executed?
The quick rule is that python initialization is stronger than KV initialization only for constant rules.
Specifically, the kwargs provided to the python initializer are always applied first. So in the above
example, text is set to ‘Bye’ and order is set to 55. Then, all the KV rules are applied, except those
constant rules that overwrite a python initializer provided value.
That is, the KV rules that do not creates bindings such as text: ‘Hello’ and ramp: 45., if a value for that
property has been provided in python, then that rule will not be applied.
So in the MyRule(text=’Bye’, order=55) example, text will be ‘Bye’, ramp will be 45., and order, which
creates a binding, will first be set to 55, but then when KV rules are applied will end up being whatever
self.x + 10 is.
Changed in version 1.9.1: Before, KV rules always overwrote the python values, now, python values
are not overwritten by constant rules.
39.11 Lang Directives
You can use directives to add declarative commands, such as imports or constant definitions, to the
lang files. Directives are added as comments in the following format:
#:<directivename> <options>
39.11.1 import <package>

Syntax:
#:import <alias> <package>
You can import a package by writing:
#:import os os
<Rule>:
Button:
text: os.getcwd()
Or more complex:
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#:import ut kivy.utils
<Rule>:
canvas:
Color:
rgba: ut.get_random_color()

You can directly import classes from a module:
#: import Animation kivy.animation.Animation

<Rule>:
on_prop: Animation(x=.5).start(self)
39.11.2 set <key> <expr>

Syntax:
#:set <key> <expr>
Set a key that will be available anywhere in the kv. For example:
#:set my_color (.4, .3, .4)

#:set my_color_hl (.5, .4, .5)
<Rule>:
state: 'normal'
canvas:
Color:
rgb: my_color if self.state == 'normal' else my_color_hl
39.11.3 include <file>

Syntax:
#:include [force] <file>
Includes an external kivy file. This allows you to split complex widgets into their own files. If the
include is forced, the file will first be unloaded and then reloaded again. For example:
# Test.kv
#:include mycomponent.kv
#:include force mybutton.kv
<Rule>:
state: 'normal'
MyButton:
MyComponent:
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# mycomponent.kv
#:include mybutton.kv
<MyComponent>:
MyButton:
# mybutton.kv
<MyButton>:
canvas:
Color:
rgb: (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: (self.size[0]/4, self.size[1]/4)
class kivy.lang.BuilderBase
The Builder is responsible for creating a Parser for parsing a kv file, merging the results into its
internal rules, templates, etc.
By default, Builder is a global Kivy instance used in widgets that you can use to load other kv
files in addition to the default ones.
apply(widget, ignored_consts={}, rule_children=None, dispatch_kv_post=False)
Search all the rules that match the widget and apply them.
Parameters
widget: Widget The widget whose class rules should be applied to this widget.
ignored_consts: set A set or list type whose elements are property names for
which constant KV rules (i.e. those that don’t create bindings) of that widget
will not be applied. This allows e.g. skipping constant rules that overwrite a
value initialized in python.
rule_children: list If not None, it should be a list that will be populated with all
the widgets created by the kv rules being applied.
dispatch_kv_post: bool Normally the class Widget dispatches the on_kv_post
event to widgets created during kv rule application. But if the rules are man-
ually applied by calling apply(), that may not happen, so if this is True, we
will dispatch the on_kv_post event where needed after applying the rules to
widget (we won’t dispatch it for widget itself).
Defaults to False.
apply_rules(widget, rule_name, ignored_consts={}, rule_children=None, dispatch_kv_post=False)
Search all the rules that match the name rule_name and apply them to widget.
Parameters
widget: Widget The widget to whom the matching rules should be applied to.
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Defaults to False.
classmethod create_from(builder)
Creates a instance of the class, and initializes to the state of builder.
Parameters builder – The builder to initialize from.
Returns A new instance of this class.
load_file(filename, encoding='utf8', **kwargs)
Insert a file into the language builder and return the root widget (if defined) of the kv file.
Parameters
rulesonly: bool, defaults to False If True, the Builder will raise an exception if
you have a root widget inside the definition.
encoding: File character encoding. Defaults to utf-8,
load_string(string, **kwargs)
Insert a string into the Language Builder and return the root widget (if defined) of the kv
string.
Parameters
filename: str, defaults to None If specified, the filename used to index the kv
rules.
The filename parameter can be used to unload kv strings in the same way as you unload kv
files. This can be achieved using pseudo file names e.g.:
Build.load_string("""
<MyRule>:
Label:
text="Hello"
""", filename="myrule.kv")
can be unloaded via:
Build.unload_file("myrule.kv")
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match(widget)
Return a list of ParserRule objects matching the widget.
match_rule_name(rule_name)
sync()
Execute all the waiting operations, such as the execution of all the expressions related to the
canvas.
template(*args, **ctx)
Create a specialized template using a specific context.
With templates, you can construct custom widgets from a kv lang definition by giving them
a context. Check Template usage.
unbind_property(widget, name)
Unbind the handlers created by all the rules of the widget that set the name.
This effectively clears all the rules of widget that take the form:
name: rule
For example:
>>> w = Builder.load_string('''
... Widget:
... height: self.width / 2. if self.disabled else self.width
... x: self.y + 50
... ''')
>>> w.size
[100, 100]
>>> w.pos
[50, 0]
>>> w.width = 500
>>> w.size
[500, 500]
>>> Builder.unbind_property(w, 'height')
>>> w.width = 222
>>> w.size
[222, 500]
>>> w.y = 500
>>> w.pos
[550, 500]

unbind_widget(uid)
Unbind all the handlers created by the KV rules of the widget. The kivy.uix.widget.
Widget.uid is passed here instead of the widget itself, because Builder is using it in the
widget destructor.
This effectively clears all the KV rules associated with this widget. For example:
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... Widget:
... x: self.y + 50
... ''')
>>> w.size
[100, 100]
>>> w.pos
[50, 0]
>>> w.width = 500
>>> w.size
[500, 500]
>>> Builder.unbind_widget(w.uid)
>>> w.width = 222
>>> w.y = 500
>>> w.size
[222, 500]
>>> w.pos
[50, 500]

unload_file(filename)
Unload all rules associated with a previously imported file.
Warning: This will not remove rules or templates already applied/used on current wid-
gets. It will only effect the next widgets creation or template invocation.
exception kivy.lang.BuilderException(context, line, message, cause=None)

Bases: kivy.lang.parser.ParserException
Exception raised when the Builder failed to apply a rule on a widget.
class kivy.lang.Observable
details.
bind(**kwargs)

477

unbind(**kwargs)
class kivy.lang.Parser(**kwargs)
Create a Parser object to parse a Kivy language file or Kivy content.
parse(content)
Parse the contents of a Parser file and return a list of root objects.
parse_level(level, lines, spaces=0)
Parse the current level (level * spaces) indentation.
strip_comments(lines)
Remove all comments from all lines in-place. Comments need to be on a single line and not
at the end of a line. i.e. a comment line’s first non-whitespace character must be a #.
exception kivy.lang.ParserException(context, line, message, cause=None)
Bases: Exception
Exception raised when something wrong happened in a kv file.
39.12 Builder
Class used for the registering and application of rules for specific widgets.
kivy.lang.builder.Builder: kivy.lang.builder.BuilderBase =
<kivy.lang.builder.BuilderBase object>
Main instance of a BuilderBase.
class kivy.lang.builder.BuilderBase
The Builder is responsible for creating a Parser for parsing a kv file, merging the results into its
internal rules, templates, etc.
By default, Builder is a global Kivy instance used in widgets that you can use to load other kv
files in addition to the default ones.
apply(widget, ignored_consts={}, rule_children=None, dispatch_kv_post=False)
Search all the rules that match the widget and apply them.
Parameters
widget: Widget The widget whose class rules should be applied to this widget.
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Defaults to False.
apply_rules(widget, rule_name, ignored_consts={}, rule_children=None, dispatch_kv_post=False)
Search all the rules that match the name rule_name and apply them to widget.
Parameters
widget: Widget The widget to whom the matching rules should be applied to.
Defaults to False.
classmethod create_from(builder)
Creates a instance of the class, and initializes to the state of builder.
Parameters builder – The builder to initialize from.
Returns A new instance of this class.
load_file(filename, encoding='utf8', **kwargs)
Insert a file into the language builder and return the root widget (if defined) of the kv file.
Parameters
encoding: File character encoding. Defaults to utf-8,
load_string(string, **kwargs)
Insert a string into the Language Builder and return the root widget (if defined) of the kv
string.
Parameters
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filename: str, defaults to None If specified, the filename used to index the kv
rules.
The filename parameter can be used to unload kv strings in the same way as you unload kv
files. This can be achieved using pseudo file names e.g.:
Build.load_string("""
<MyRule>:
Label:
text="Hello"
""", filename="myrule.kv")
can be unloaded via:
Build.unload_file("myrule.kv")
match(widget)
match_rule_name(rule_name)
sync()
Execute all the waiting operations, such as the execution of all the expressions related to the
canvas.
template(*args, **ctx)
Create a specialized template using a specific context.
With templates, you can construct custom widgets from a kv lang definition by giving them
a context. Check Template usage.
unbind_property(widget, name)
Unbind the handlers created by all the rules of the widget that set the name.
This effectively clears all the rules of widget that take the form:
name: rule
For example:
... Widget:
... x: self.y + 50
... ''')
>>> w.size
[100, 100]
>>> w.pos
[50, 0]
>>> w.width = 500
>>> w.size
[500, 500]
480
>>> Builder.unbind_property(w, 'height')
>>> w.width = 222
>>> w.size
[222, 500]
>>> w.y = 500
>>> w.pos
[550, 500]

unbind_widget(uid)
Unbind all the handlers created by the KV rules of the widget. The kivy.uix.widget.
Widget.uid is passed here instead of the widget itself, because Builder is using it in the
widget destructor.
This effectively clears all the KV rules associated with this widget. For example:
... Widget:
... x: self.y + 50
... ''')
>>> w.size
[100, 100]
>>> w.pos
[50, 0]
>>> w.width = 500
>>> w.size
[500, 500]
>>> Builder.unbind_widget(w.uid)
>>> w.width = 222
>>> w.y = 500
>>> w.size
[222, 500]
>>> w.pos
[50, 500]

unload_file(filename)
Unload all rules associated with a previously imported file.
Warning: This will not remove rules or templates already applied/used on current wid-
gets. It will only effect the next widgets creation or template invocation.
exception kivy.lang.builder.BuilderException(context, line, message, cause=None)

Bases: kivy.lang.parser.ParserException
Exception raised when the Builder failed to apply a rule on a widget.
class kivy.lang.builder.Observable
481
details.
bind(**kwargs)


unbind(**kwargs)
39.13 Parser
Class used for the parsing of .kv files into rules.

class kivy.lang.parser.Parser(**kwargs)
Create a Parser object to parse a Kivy language file or Kivy content.
parse(content)
Parse the contents of a Parser file and return a list of root objects.
parse_level(level, lines, spaces=0)
Parse the current level (level * spaces) indentation.
strip_comments(lines)
Remove all comments from all lines in-place. Comments need to be on a single line and not
at the end of a line. i.e. a comment line’s first non-whitespace character must be a #.
exception kivy.lang.parser.ParserException(context, line, message, cause=None)
Bases: Exception
Exception raised when something wrong happened in a kv file.
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CHAPTER
FORTY
EXTERNAL LIBRARIES
Kivy comes with other python/C libraries:

• ddsfile - used for parsing and saving DDS files.
• osc - a modified/optimized version of PyOSC for using the Open Sound Control protocol.
• mtdev - provides support for the Kernel multi-touch transformation library.
Warning: Even though Kivy comes with these external libraries, we do not provide any support
for them and they might change in the future. Don’t rely on them in your code.
40.1 GstPlayer
GstPlayer is a media player implemented specifically for Kivy with Gstreamer 1.0. It doesn’t use Gi at
all and is focused on what we want: the ability to read video and stream the image in a callback, or read
an audio file. Don’t use it directly but use our Core providers instead.
This player is automatically compiled if you have pkg-config –libs –cflags gstreamer-1.0 working.
Warning: This is an external library and Kivy does not provide any support for it. It might change
in the future and we advise you don’t rely on it in your code.
40.2 DDS File library
This library can be used to parse and save DDS (DirectDraw Surface
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DirectDraw_Surface>) files.
The initial version was written by:
Alexey Borzenkov (snaury@gmail.com)
All the initial work credits go to him! Thank you :)

This version uses structs instead of ctypes.
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40.2.1 DDS Format
[DDS ][SurfaceDesc][Data]
[SurfaceDesc]:: (everything is uint32)

Size
Flags
Height
Width
PitchOrLinearSize
Depth
MipmapCount
Reserved1 * 11
[PixelFormat]::
Size
Flags
FourCC
RGBBitCount
RBitMask
GBitMask
BBitMask
ABitMask
[Caps]::
Caps1
Caps2
Reserved1 * 2
Reserverd2
exception kivy.lib.ddsfile.DDSException
Bases: Exception
class kivy.lib.ddsfile.QueryDict
40.3 Python mtdev
The mtdev module provides Python bindings to the Kernel multi-touch transformation library, also
known as mtdev (MIT license).
The mtdev library transforms all variants of kernel MT events to the slotted type B protocol. The events
put into mtdev may be from any MT device, specifically type A without contact tracking, type A with
contact tracking, or type B with contact tracking. See the kernel documentation for further details.
class kivy.lib.mtdev.input_absinfo
Bases: _ctypes.Structure
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class kivy.lib.mtdev.input_event
class kivy.lib.mtdev.mtdev
class kivy.lib.mtdev.mtdev_caps
class kivy.lib.mtdev.timeval
485
486
CHAPTER
FORTYONE
MODULES
Modules are classes that can be loaded when a Kivy application is starting. The loading of modules is
managed by the config file. Currently, we include:
• touchring: Draw a circle around each touch.
• monitor: Add a red topbar that indicates the FPS and a small graph indicating input activity.
• keybinding: Bind some keys to actions, such as a screenshot.
• recorder: Record and playback a sequence of events.
• screen: Emulate the characteristics (dpi/density/ resolution) of different screens.
• inspector: Examines your widget hierarchy and widget properties.
• webdebugger: Realtime examination of your app internals via a web browser.
• joycursor: Navigate in your app with a joystick.
• showborder: Show widget’s border.
Modules are automatically loaded from the Kivy path and User path:
• PATH_TO_KIVY/kivy/modules
• HOME/.kivy/mods
41.1 Activating a module
There are various ways in which you can activate a kivy module.
41.1.1 Activate a module in the config
To activate a module this way, you can edit your configuration file (in your HOME/.kivy/config.ini):
[modules]
# uncomment to activate
touchring =
# monitor =
# keybinding =
Only the name of the module followed by “=” is sufficient to activate the module.
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41.1.2 Activate a module in Python
Before starting your application, preferably at the start of your import, you can do something like this:
import kivy
# Activate the touchring module

Config.set('modules', 'touchring', '')
41.1.3 Activate a module via the commandline
When starting your application from the commandline, you can add a -m <modulename> to the argu-
ments. For example:
python main.py -m webdebugger
Note: Some modules, such as the screen, may require additional parameters. They will, however, print
these parameters to the console when launched without them.
41.2 Create your own module
Create a file in your HOME/.kivy/mods, and create 2 functions:
def start(win, ctx):

pass
def stop(win, ctx):

pass
Start/stop are functions that will be called for every window opened in Kivy. When you are starting a
module, you can use these to store and manage the module state. Use the ctx variable as a dictionary.
This context is unique for each instance/start() call of the module, and will be passed to stop() too.
41.3 Console
Reboot of the old inspector, designed to be modular and keep concerns separated. It also has an addons
architecture that allow you to add a button, panel, or more in the Console itself.
Warning: This module works, but might fail in some cases. Please contribute!
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41.3.1 Usage
For normal module usage, please see the modules documentation:
python main.py -m console
41.3.2 Mouse navigation
When the “Select” button is activated, you can:

• tap once on a widget to select it without leaving inspect mode
• double tap on a widget to select and leave inspect mode (then you can manipulate the widget
again)
41.3.3 Keyboard navigation
• “Ctrl + e”: toggle console

• “Escape”: cancel widget lookup, then hide inspector view
• “Up”: select the parent widget
• “Down”: select the first child of the currently selected widget
• “Left”: select the previous sibling
• “Right”: select the next sibling
41.3.4 Additional information
Some properties can be edited live. However, due to the delayed usage of some properties, it might
crash if you don’t handle the required cases.
41.3.5 Addons
Addons must be added to Console.addons before the first Clock tick of the application, or before
create_console is called. You currently cannot add addons on the fly. Addons are quite cheap
until the Console is activated. Panels are even cheaper as nothing is done until the user selects them.
We provide multiple addons activated by default:
• ConsoleAddonFps: display the FPS at the top-right
• ConsoleAddonSelect: activate the selection mode
• ConsoleAddonBreadcrumb: display the hierarchy of the current widget at the bottom
• ConsoleAddonWidgetTree: panel to display the widget tree of the application
• ConsoleAddonWidgetPanel: panel to display the properties of the selected widget
If you need to add custom widgets in the Console, please use either ConsoleButton,
ConsoleToggleButton or ConsoleLabel.
An addon must inherit from the ConsoleAddon class.
For example, here is a simple addon for displaying the FPS at the top/right of the Console:
489
from kivy.modules.console import Console, ConsoleAddon
class ConsoleAddonFps(ConsoleAddon):
def init(self):
self.lbl = ConsoleLabel(text="0 Fps")
self.console.add_toolbar_widget(self.lbl, right=True)
def activate(self):
self.event = Clock.schedule_interval(self.update_fps, 1 / 2.)
def deactivated(self):
self.event.cancel()
def update_fps(self, *args):

fps = Clock.get_fps()
self.lbl.text = "{} Fps".format(int(fps))
Console.register_addon(ConsoleAddonFps)
You can create addons that add panels. Panel activation/deactivation is not tied to the addon activa-
tion/deactivation, but in some cases, you can use the same callback for deactivating the addon and the
panel. Here is a simple “About” panel addon:
from kivy.modules.console import Console, ConsoleAddon, ConsoleLabel
class ConsoleAddonAbout(ConsoleAddon):
def init(self):
self.console.add_panel("About", self.panel_activate,
self.panel_deactivate)
def panel_activate(self):
self.console.bind(widget=self.update_content)
self.update_content()
def panel_deactivate(self):
self.console.unbind(widget=self.update_content)
def deactivate(self):
self.panel_deactivate()
def update_content(self, *args):

widget = self.console.widget
if not widget:
return
text = "Selected widget is: {!r}".format(widget)
lbl = ConsoleLabel(text=text)
self.console.set_content(lbl)
Console.register_addon(ConsoleAddonAbout)
class kivy.modules.console.Console(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.relativelayout.RelativeLayout
Console interface
This widget is created by create_console(), when the module is loaded. During that time, you
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can add addons on the console to extend the functionalities, or add your own application stats /
debugging module.
activated
True if the Console is activated (showed)
add_panel(name, cb_activate, cb_deactivate, cb_refresh=None)
Add a new panel in the Console.
• cb_activate is a callable that will be called when the panel is activated by the user.
• cb_deactivate is a callable that will be called when the panel is deactivated or when the
console will hide.
• cb_refresh is an optional callable that is called if the user click again on the button for
display the panel
When activated, it’s up to the panel to display a content in the Console by using
set_content().
add_toolbar_widget(widget, right=False)
Add a widget in the top left toolbar of the Console. Use right=True if you wanna add the
widget at the right instead.
addons = [<class 'kivy.modules.console.ConsoleAddonSelect'>, <class
'kivy.modules.console.ConsoleAddonFps'>, <class
'kivy.modules.console.ConsoleAddonWidgetPanel'>, <class
'kivy.modules.console.ConsoleAddonWidgetTree'>, <class
'kivy.modules.console.ConsoleAddonBreadcrumb'>]
Array of addons that will be created at Console creation
highlight_at(x, y)
Select a widget from a x/y window coordinate. This is mostly used internally when Select
mode is activated
inspect_enabled
Indicate if the inspector inspection is enabled. If yes, the next touch down will select a the
widget under the touch
mode
Display mode of the Console, either docked at the bottom, or as a floating window.
Receive a touch down event.
Parameters
touch: MotionEvent class Touch received. The touch is in parent coordinates.
See relativelayout for a discussion on coordinate systems.
Returns bool If True, the dispatching of the touch event will stop. If False, the event
will continue to be dispatched to the rest of the widget tree.
Receive a touch move event. The touch is in parent coordinates.
See on_touch_down() for more information.
on_touch_up(touch)
Receive a touch up event. The touch is in parent coordinates.
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pick(widget, x, y)
Pick a widget at x/y, given a root widget
remove_toolbar_widget(widget)
Remove a widget from the toolbar
set_content(content)
Replace the Console content with a new one.
widget
Current widget being selected
class kivy.modules.console.ConsoleAddon(console)
Base class for implementing addons
activate()
Method called when the addon is activated by the console (when the console is displayed)
console = None
Console instance
deactivate()
Method called when the addon is deactivated by the console (when the console is hidden)
init()
Method called when the addon is instantiated by the Console
class kivy.modules.console.ConsoleButton(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.button.Button
Button specialized for the Console
class kivy.modules.console.ConsoleLabel(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.label.Label
LabelButton specialized for the Console
class kivy.modules.console.ConsoleToggleButton(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.togglebutton.ToggleButton
ToggleButton specialized for the Console
kivy.modules.console.start(win, ctx)
Create an Console instance attached to the ctx and bound to the Window’s on_keyboard() event
for capturing the keyboard shortcut.
Parameters
win: A Window The application Window to bind to.
ctx: A Widget or subclass The Widget to be inspected.
kivy.modules.console.stop(win, ctx)
Stop and unload any active Inspectors for the given ctx.
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41.4 Inspector
Warning: This module is highly experimental, use it with care.
The Inspector is a tool for finding a widget in the widget tree by clicking or tapping on it. Some key-
board shortcuts are activated:
• “Ctrl + e”: activate / deactivate the inspector view
• “Escape”: cancel widget lookup first, then hide the inspector view
Available inspector interactions:
• tap once on a widget to select it without leaving inspect mode
• double tap on a widget to select and leave inspect mode (then you can manipulate the widget
again)
Some properties can be edited live. However, due to the delayed usage of some properties, it might
crash if you don’t handle all the cases.
41.4.1 Usage
For normal module usage, please see the modules documentation.

The Inspector, however, can also be imported and used just like a normal python module. This has the
added advantage of being able to activate and deactivate the module programmatically:

from kivy.modules import inspector
class Demo(App):
def build(self):
button = Button(text="Test")
inspector.create_inspector(Window, button)
return button
Demo().run()
To remove the Inspector, you can do the following:
inspector.stop(Window, button)
kivy.modules.inspector.create_inspector(win, ctx, *largs)

Create an Inspector instance attached to the ctx and bound to the Window’s on_keyboard()
event for capturing the keyboard shortcut.
Parameters
ctx: A Widget or subclass The Widget to be inspected.
kivy.modules.inspector.stop(win, ctx)
Stop and unload any active Inspectors for the given ctx.
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41.5 JoyCursor
The JoyCursor is a tool for navigating with a joystick as if using a mouse or touch. Most of the actions
that are possible for a mouse user are available in this module.
For example:
• left click
• right click
• double click (two clicks)
• moving the cursor
• holding the button (+ moving at the same time)
• selecting
• scrolling
There are some properties that can be edited live, such as intensity of the JoyCursor movement and
toggling mouse button holding.
41.5.1 Usage
For normal module usage, please see the modules documentation and these bindings:
Event Joystick
cursor move Axis 3, Axis 4
cursor intensity Button 0, Button 1
left click Button 2
right click Button 3
scroll up Button 4
scroll down Button 5
hold button Button 6
joycursor on/off Button 7
The JoyCursor, like Inspector, can also be imported and used as a normal python module. This has the
added advantage of being able to activate and deactivate the module programmatically:

runTouchApp(Builder.load_string("""
#:import jc kivy.modules.joycursor
BoxLayout:
Button:
text: 'Press & activate with Ctrl+E or Button 7'
on_release: jc.create_joycursor(root.parent, root)
Button:
text: 'Disable'
on_release: jc.stop(root.parent, root)
"""))
kivy.modules.joycursor.create_joycursor(win, ctx, *args)

Create a JoyCursor instance attached to the ctx and bound to the Window’s on_keyboard()
event for capturing the keyboard shortcuts.
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Parameters
ctx: A Widget or subclass The Widget for JoyCursor to attach to.
kivy.modules.joycursor.stop(win, ctx)
Stop and unload any active JoyCursors for the given ctx.
41.6 Keybinding
This module forces the mapping of some keys to functions:

• F11: Rotate the Window through 0, 90, 180 and 270 degrees
• Shift + F11: Switches between portrait and landscape on desktops
• F12: Take a screenshot
Note: this doesn’t work if the application requests the keyboard beforehand.
41.6.1 Usage

The Keybinding module, however, can also be imported and used just like a normal python module.
This has the added advantage of being able to activate and deactivate the module programmatically:

from kivy.modules import keybinding
class Demo(App):
def build(self):
button = Button(text="Hello")
keybinding.start(Window, button)
return button
Demo().run()
To remove the Keybinding, you can do the following:
Keybinding.stop(Window, button)
41.7 Monitor module
The Monitor module is a toolbar that shows the activity of your current application :
• FPS
• Graph of input events
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41.7.1 Usage
41.8 Recorder module

Create an instance of Recorder, attach to the class, and bind some keys to record / play sequences:
• F6: play the last record in a loop
• F7: read the latest recording
• F8: record input events
41.8.1 Configuration
Parameters
attrs: str, defaults to record_attrs value. Attributes to record from the motion
event
profile_mask: str, defaults to record_profile_mask value. Mask for motion event
profile. Used to filter which profile will appear in the fake motion event when
replayed.
filename: str, defaults to ‘recorder.kvi’ Name of the file to record / play with
41.8.2 Usage
41.9 Screen
This module changes some environment and configuration variables to match the density / dpi /
screensize of a specific device.
To see a list of the available screenid’s, just run:
python main.py -m screen
To simulate a medium-density screen such as the Motorola Droid 2:
python main.py -m screen:droid2
To simulate a high-density screen such as HTC One X, in portrait:
python main.py -m screen:onex,portrait
To simulate the iPad 2 screen:
python main.py -m screen:ipad
If the generated window is too large, you can specify a scale:
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python main.py -m screen:note2,portrait,scale=.75
Note that to display your contents correctly on a scaled window you must consistently use units ‘dp’
and ‘sp’ throughout your app. See metrics for more details.
41.10 Touchring
Shows rings around every touch on the surface / screen. You can use this module to check that you
don’t have any calibration issues with touches.
41.10.1 Configuration
Parameters
image: str, defaults to ‘<kivy>/data/images/ring.png’ Filename of the image to use.
scale: float, defaults to 1. Scale of the image.
alpha: float, defaults to 1. Opacity of the image.
41.10.2 Example
In your configuration (~/.kivy/config.ini), you can add something like this:
[modules]
touchring = image=mypointer.png,scale=.3,alpha=.7
41.11 Web Debugger

Warning: This module is highly experimental, use it with care.
This module will start a webserver and run in the background. You can see how your application
evolves during runtime, examine the internal cache etc.
Run with:
python main.py -m webdebugger
Then open your webbrowser on http://localhost:5000/
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498
CHAPTER
FORTYTWO
NETWORK SUPPORT
Kivy currently supports basic, asynchronous network requests. Please refer to kivy.network.
urlrequest.UrlRequest.
42.1 UrlRequest
You can use the UrlRequest to make asynchronous requests on the web and get the result when the
request is completed. The spirit is the same as the XHR object in Javascript.
The content is also decoded if the Content-Type is application/json and the result automatically passed
through json.loads.
The syntax to create a request:
from kivy.network.urlrequest import UrlRequest

req = UrlRequest(url, on_success, on_redirect, on_failure, on_error,
on_progress, req_body, req_headers, chunk_size,
timeout, method, decode, debug, file_path, ca_file,
verify)
Only the first argument is mandatory: the rest are optional. By default, a “GET” request will be sent.
If the UrlRequest.req_body is not None, a “POST” request will be sent. It’s up to you to adjust
UrlRequest.req_headers to suit your requirements and the response to the request will be acces-
sible as the parameter called “result” on the callback function of the on_success event.
Example of fetching JSON:
def got_json(req, result):

for key, value in req.resp_headers.items():
print('{}: {}'.format(key, value))
req = UrlRequest('https://httpbin.org/headers', got_json)
Example of Posting data (adapted from httplib example):
import urllib
def bug_posted(req, result):

print('Our bug is posted!')
print(result)
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params = urllib.urlencode({'@number': 12524, '@type': 'issue',
'@action': 'show'})
headers = {'Content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
'Accept': 'text/plain'}
req = UrlRequest('bugs.python.org', on_success=bug_posted, req_body=params,
req_headers=headers)
If you want a synchronous request, you can call the wait() method.
class kivy.network.urlrequest.UrlRequest(url, on_success=None, on_redirect=None,
on_failure=None, on_error=None,
on_progress=None, req_body=None,
req_headers=None, chunk_size=8192,
timeout=None, method=None, decode=True,
debug=False, file_path=None, ca_file=None,
verify=True, proxy_host=None, proxy_port=None,
proxy_headers=None, user_agent=None,
on_cancel=None, cookies=None)
Bases: threading.Thread
A UrlRequest. See module documentation for usage.
Changed in version 1.5.1: Add debug parameter
Changed in version 1.0.10: Add method parameter
Changed in version 1.8.0: Parameter decode added. Parameter file_path added. Parameter
on_redirect added. Parameter on_failure added.
Changed in version 1.9.1: Parameter ca_file added. Parameter verify added.
Changed in version 1.10.0: Parameters proxy_host, proxy_port and proxy_headers added.
Changed in version 1.11.0: Parameters on_cancel added.
Parameters
url: str Complete url string to call.
on_success: callback(request, result) Callback function to call when the result has
been fetched.
on_redirect: callback(request, result) Callback function to call if the server returns
a Redirect.
on_failure: callback(request, result) Callback function to call if the server returns
a Client or Server Error.
on_error: callback(request, error) Callback function to call if an error occurs.
on_progress: callback(request, current_size, total_size) Callback function that
will be called to report progression of the download. total_size might be -1 if no
Content-Length has been reported in the http response. This callback will be
called after each chunk_size is read.
on_cancel: callback(request) Callback function to call if user requested to cancel
the download operation via the .cancel() method.
req_body: str, defaults to None Data to sent in the request. If it’s not None, a POST
will be done instead of a GET.
req_headers: dict, defaults to None Custom headers to add to the request.
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chunk_size: int, defaults to 8192 Size of each chunk to read, used only when
on_progress callback has been set. If you decrease it too much, a lot of
on_progress callbacks will be fired and will slow down your download. If you
want to have the maximum download speed, increase the chunk_size or don’t
use on_progress.
timeout: int, defaults to None If set, blocking operations will timeout after this
many seconds.
method: str, defaults to ‘GET’ (or ‘POST’ if body is specified) The HTTP method
to use.
decode: bool, defaults to True If False, skip decoding of the response.
debug: bool, defaults to False If True, it will use the Logger.debug to print infor-
mation about url access/progression/errors.
file_path: str, defaults to None If set, the result of the UrlRequest will be written
to this path instead of in memory.
ca_file: str, defaults to None Indicates a SSL CA certificate file path to validate
HTTPS certificates against
verify: bool, defaults to True If False, disables SSL CA certificate verification
proxy_host: str, defaults to None If set, the proxy host to use for this connection.
proxy_port: int, defaults to None If set, and proxy_host is also set, the port to use
for connecting to the proxy server.
proxy_headers: dict, defaults to None If set, and proxy_host is also set, the headers
to send to the proxy server in the CONNECT request.
cancel()
Cancel the current request. It will be aborted, and the result will not be dispatched. Once
cancelled, the callback on_cancel will be called.
property chunk_size
Return the size of a chunk, used only in “progress” mode (when on_progress callback is set.)
decode_result(result, resp)
Decode the result fetched from url according to his Content-Type. Currently supports only
application/json.
property error
Return the error of the request. This value is not determined until the request is completed.
get_connection_for_scheme(scheme)
Return the Connection class for a particular scheme. This is an internal function that can be
expanded to support custom schemes.
Actual supported schemes: http, https.
property is_finished
Return True if the request has finished, whether it’s a success or a failure.
req_body
Request body passed in __init__
req_headers
Request headers passed in __init__
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property resp_headers
If the request has been completed, return a dictionary containing the headers of the response.
Otherwise, it will return None.
property resp_status
Return the status code of the response if the request is complete, otherwise return None.
property result
Return the result of the request. This value is not determined until the request is finished.
run()
Method representing the thread’s activity.
You may override this method in a subclass. The standard run() method invokes the callable
object passed to the object’s constructor as the target argument, if any, with sequential and
keyword arguments taken from the args and kwargs arguments, respectively.
url
Url of the request
wait(delay=0.5)
Wait for the request to finish (until resp_status is not None)
Note: This method is intended to be used in the main thread, and the callback will be
dispatched from the same thread from which you’re calling.
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CHAPTER
FORTYTHREE
STORAGE
Warning: This module is still experimental, and the API is subject to change in a future version.
43.1 Usage
The idea behind the Storage module is to be able to load/store any number of key-value pairs via an
indexed key. The default model is abstract so you cannot use it directly. We provide some implementa-
tions such as:
• kivy.storage.dictstore.DictStore: use a python dict as a store
• kivy.storage.jsonstore.JsonStore: use a JSON file as a store
• kivy.storage.redisstore.RedisStore: use a Redis database with redis-py
43.2 Examples
For example, let’s use a JsonStore:
from kivy.storage.jsonstore import JsonStore
store = JsonStore('hello.json')
# put some values

store.put('tito', name='Mathieu', org='kivy')
store.put('tshirtman', name='Gabriel', age=27)
# using the same index key erases all previously added key-value pairs
store.put('tito', name='Mathieu', age=30)
# get a value using a index key and key

print('tito is', store.get('tito')['age'])
# or guess the key/entry for a part of the key

for item in store.find(name='Gabriel'):
print('tshirtmans index key is', item[0])
print('his key value pairs are', str(item[1]))
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Because the data is persistent, you can check later to see if the key exists:
from kivy.storage.jsonstore import JsonStore
if store.exists('tito'):
print('tite exists:', store.get('tito'))
store.delete('tito')
43.3 Synchronous / Asynchronous API
All the standard methods (get(), put() , exists(), delete(), find()) have an asynchronous
version.
For example, the get method has a callback parameter. If set, the callback will be used to return the result
to the user when available: the request will be asynchronous. If the callback is None, then the request
will be synchronous and the result will be returned directly.
Without callback (Synchronous API):
entry = mystore.get('tito')
print('tito =', entry)
With callback (Asynchronous API):
def my_callback(store, key, result):

print('the key', key, 'has a value of', result)
mystore.get('plop', callback=my_callback)
The callback signature (for almost all methods) is:
def callback(store, key, result):

"""
store: the `Store` instance currently used.
key: the key sought for.
result: the result of the lookup for the key.
"""
43.4 Synchronous container type
The storage API emulates the container type for the synchronous API:
# original: store.get('tito')
store['tito']
# original: store.put('tito', name='Mathieu')

store['tito'] = {'name': 'Mathieu'}
# original: store.delete('tito')
del store['tito']
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# original: store.count()
len(store)
# original: store.exists('tito')
'tito' in store
# original: for key in store.keys()

for key in store:
pass
class kivy.storage.AbstractStore(**kwargs)
Abstract class used to implement a Store
async_clear(callback)
Asynchronous version of clear().
async_count(callback)
Asynchronously return the number of entries in the storage.
async_delete(callback, key)
Asynchronous version of delete().
Callback arguments
store: AbstractStore instance Store instance
key: string Name of the key to search for
result: bool Indicate True if the storage has been updated, or False if nothing
has been done (no changes). None if any error.
async_exists(callback, key)
Asynchronous version of exists().
Callback arguments
result: boo Result of the query, None if any error
async_find(callback, **filters)
Asynchronous version of find().
The callback will be called for each entry in the result.
Callback arguments
key: string Name of the key to search for, or None if we reach the end of the
results
async_get(callback, key)
Asynchronous version of get().
Callback arguments
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result: dict Result of the query, None if any error
async_keys(callback)
Asynchronously return all the keys in the storage.
async_put(callback, key, **values)
Asynchronous version of put().
Callback arguments
clear()
Wipe the whole storage.
count()
Return the number of entries in the storage.
delete(key)
Delete a key from the storage. If the key is not found, a KeyError exception will be thrown.
exists(key)
Check if a key exists in the store.
find(**filters)
Return all the entries matching the filters. The entries are returned through a generator as a
list of (key, entry) pairs where entry is a dict of key-value pairs
for key, entry in store.find(name='Mathieu'):

print('key:', key, ', entry:', entry)
Because it’s a generator, you cannot directly use it as a list. You can do:
# get all the (key, entry) availables

entries = list(store.find(name='Mathieu'))
# get only the entry from (key, entry)
entries = list((x[1] for x in store.find(name='Mathieu')))
get(key)
Get the key-value pairs stored at key. If the key is not found, a KeyError exception will be
thrown.
keys()
Return a list of all the keys in the storage.
put(key, **values)
Put new key-value pairs (given in values) into the storage. Any existing key-value pairs will
be removed.
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43.5 Dictionary store
Use a Python dictionary as a store.

class kivy.storage.dictstore.DictStore(filename, data=None, **kwargs)
Bases: kivy.storage.AbstractStore
Store implementation using a pickled dict. See the kivy.storage module documentation for
more information.
43.6 JSON store
A Storage module used to save/load key-value pairs from a json file.

class kivy.storage.jsonstore.JsonStore(filename, indent=None, sort_keys=False, **kwargs)
Store implementation using a json file for storing the key-value pairs. See the kivy.storage
module documentation for more information.
43.7 Redis Store
Store implementation using Redis. You must have redis-py installed.

Usage example:
from kivy.storage.redisstore import RedisStore
params = dict(host='localhost', port=6379, db=14)

store = RedisStore(params)
All the key-value pairs will be stored with a prefix ‘store’ by default. You can instantiate the storage
with another prefix like this:
from kivy.storage.redisstore import RedisStore
params = dict(host='localhost', port=6379, db=14)

store = RedisStore(params, prefix='mystore2')
The params dictionary will be passed to the redis.StrictRedis class.

See redis-py.
class kivy.storage.redisstore.RedisStore(redis_params, **kwargs)
Store implementation using a Redis database. See the kivy.storage module documentation
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CHAPTER
FORTYFOUR
TOOLS
The tools module provides various utility scripts, modules and examples.
44.1 Scripts
Some useful scripts include:

• kviewer.py: for viewing kv files with automatic updating
• benchmark.py: provides detailed OpenGL hardware information as well as some benchmarks
measuring kivy specific performance
• reports.py: provides a comprehensive report covering your systems providers, libraries, con-
figuration, environment, input devices and options
• texturecompress.py: a command line utility for compressing images into PVRTC or ETC1
formats
• generate-icons.py: generates set of icons suitable for the various store and package formats
• gles_compat/subset_gles.py: examines compatibility between GLEXT and GLES2 headers
for finding compatible subsets
44.2 Modules
Tool modules provide various resources for:

• packaging
• text editor highlighting
44.3 Other
Other miscellaneous resources include

• pep8checker: pep8 checking scripts and git hook
• theming: demonstrates an alternative theme for kivy
• travis: travis continuous integration
This help document is a work-in-progress and currently under construction.
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44.4 Packaging
This module contains PyInstaller hooks in order to assist in the process of building binary packages.
PyInstaller allows you to produce stand-alone, self-contained executables of your Kivy app for Win-
dows, Linux and Mac.
For more information, please see the PyInstaller website
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CHAPTER
FORTYFIVE
WIDGETS
Widgets are elements of a graphical user interface that form part of the User Experience. The kivy.uix
module contains classes for creating and managing Widgets. Please refer to the Widget class documen-
tation for further information.
Kivy widgets can be categorized as follows:
• UX widgets: Classical user interface widgets, ready to be assembled to create more complex wid-
gets.
Label, Button, CheckBox, Image, Slider, Progress Bar, Text Input, Toggle button, Switch, Video
• Layouts: A layout widget does no rendering but just acts as a trigger that arranges its children in
a specific way. Read more on Layouts here.
Anchor Layout, Box Layout, Float Layout, Grid Layout, PageLayout, Relative Layout, Scatter
Layout, Stack Layout
• Complex UX widgets: Non-atomic widgets that are the result of combining multiple classic wid-
gets. We call them complex because their assembly and usage are not as generic as the classical
widgets.
Bubble, Drop-Down List, FileChooser, Popup, Spinner, RecycleView, TabbedPanel, Video
player, VKeyboard,
• Behaviors widgets: These widgets do no rendering but act on the graphics instructions or inter-
action (touch) behavior of their children.
Scatter, Stencil View
• Screen manager: Manages screens and transitions when switching from one to another.
Screen Manager
45.1 Behaviors
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45.1.1 Behavior mixin classes
This module implements behaviors that can be mixed in with existing base widgets. The idea behind
these classes is to encapsulate properties and events associated with certain types of widgets.
Isolating these properties and events in a mixin class allows you to define your own implementation for
standard kivy widgets that can act as drop-in replacements. This means you can re-style and re-define
widgets as desired without breaking compatibility: as long as they implement the behaviors correctly,
they can simply replace the standard widgets.
45.1.2 Adding behaviors
Say you want to add Button capabilities to an Image, you could do:
class IconButton(ButtonBehavior, Image):

pass
This would give you an Image with the events and properties inherited from ButtonBehavior. For
example, the on_press and on_release events would be fired when appropriate:
class IconButton(ButtonBehavior, Image):

def on_press(self):
print("on_press")
Or in kv:
IconButton:
on_press: print('on_press')
Naturally, you could also bind to any property changes the behavior class offers:
def state_changed(*args):
print('state changed')
button = IconButton()
button.bind(state=state_changed)
Note: The behavior class must always be _before_ the widget class. If you don’t specify the inheritance
in this order, the behavior will not work because the behavior methods are overwritten by the class
method listed first.
Similarly, if you combine a behavior class with a class which requires the use of the methods also defined
by the behavior class, the resulting class may not function properly. For example, when combining the
ButtonBehavior with a Slider, both of which use the on_touch_up() method, the resulting class
may not work properly.
Changed in version 1.9.1: The individual behavior classes, previously in one big behaviors.py file, has
been split into a single file for each class under the behaviors module. All the behaviors are still
imported in the behaviors module so they are accessible as before (e.g. both from kivy.uix.behaviors
import ButtonBehavior and from kivy.uix.behaviors.button import ButtonBehavior work).
class kivy.uix.behaviors.ButtonBehavior(**kwargs)
This mixin class provides Button behavior. Please see the button behaviors module docu-
mentation for more information.
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Events
on_press Fired when the button is pressed.
on_release Fired when the button is released (i.e. the touch/click that pressed the
button goes away).
always_release
This determines whether or not the widget fires an on_release event if the touch_up is outside
the widget.
Changed in version 1.10.0: The default value is now False.
always_release is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
last_touch
Contains the last relevant touch received by the Button. This can be used in on_press or
on_release in order to know which touch dispatched the event.
last_touch is a ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
min_state_time
The minimum period of time which the widget must remain in the ‘down’ state.
min_state_time is a float and defaults to 0.035. This value is taken from Config.
state
The state of the button, must be one of ‘normal’ or ‘down’. The state is ‘down’ only when the
button is currently touched/clicked, otherwise its ‘normal’.
state is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘normal’.
trigger_action(duration=0.1)
Trigger whatever action(s) have been bound to the button by calling both the on_press and
on_release callbacks.
This is similar to a quick button press without using any touch events, but note that like most
kivy code, this is not guaranteed to be safe to call from external threads. If needed use Clock
to safely schedule this function and the resulting callbacks to be called from the main thread.
Duration is the length of the press in seconds. Pass 0 if you want the action to happen
instantly.
class kivy.uix.behaviors.CodeNavigationBehavior
Code navigation behavior. Modifies the navigation behavior in TextInput to work like an IDE
instead of a word processor. Please see the code navigation behaviors module documen-
tation for more information.
class kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior(**kwargs)
The Selection behavior mixin implements the logic behind keyboard and touch selection of
selectable widgets managed by the derived widget. Please see the compound selection
behaviors module documentation for more information.
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clear_selection()
Deselects all the currently selected nodes.
deselect_node(node)
Deselects a possibly selected node.
It is called by the controller when it deselects a node and can also be called from the outside
to deselect a node directly. The derived widget should overwrite this method and change
the node to its unselected state when this is called
Parameters
node The node to be deselected.
Warning: This method must be called by the derived widget using super if it is over-
written.
get_index_of_node(node, selectable_nodes)
(internal) Returns the index of the node within the selectable_nodes returned by
get_selectable_nodes().
get_selectable_nodes()
(internal) Returns a list of the nodes that can be selected. It can be overwritten by the derived
widget to return the correct list.
This list is used to determine which nodes to select with group selection. E.g. the last element
in the list will be selected when home is pressed, pagedown will move (or add to, if shift is
held) the selection from the current position by negative page_count nodes starting from
the position of the currently selected node in this list and so on. Still, nodes can be selected
even if they are not in this list.
Note: It is safe to dynamically change this list including removing, adding, or re-arranging
its elements. Nodes can be selected even if they are not on this list. And selected nodes
removed from the list will remain selected until deselect_node() is called.
Warning: Layouts display their children in the reverse order. That is, the contents of
children is displayed form right to left, bottom to top. Therefore, internally, the indices
of the elements returned by this function are reversed to make it work by default for
most layouts so that the final result is consistent e.g. home, although it will select the last
element in this list visually, will select the first element when counting from top to bottom
and left to right. If this behavior is not desired, a reversed list should be returned instead.
Defaults to returning children.

goto_node(key, last_node, last_node_idx)
(internal) Used by the controller to get the node at the position indicated by key. The key can
be keyboard inputs, e.g. pageup, or scroll inputs from the mouse scroll wheel, e.g. scrollup.
‘last_node’ is the last node selected and is used to find the resulting node. For example, if the
key is up, the returned node is one node up from the last node.
It can be overwritten by the derived widget.
Parameters
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key str, the string used to find the desired node. It can be any of the keyboard
keys, as well as the mouse scrollup, scrolldown, scrollright, and scrollleft
strings. If letters are typed in quick succession, the letters will be combined be-
fore it’s passed in as key and can be used to find nodes that have an associated
string that starts with those letters.
last_node The last node that was selected.
last_node_idx The cached index of the last node selected in the
get_selectable_nodes() list. If the list hasn’t changed it saves having to
look up the index of last_node in that list.
Returns tuple, the node targeted by key and its index in the
get_selectable_nodes() list. Returning (last_node, last_node_idx) indi-
cates a node wasn’t found.
keyboard_select
Determines whether the keyboard can be used for selection. If False, keyboard inputs will be
ignored.
keyboard_select is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
multiselect
Determines whether multiple nodes can be selected. If enabled, keyboard shift and ctrl se-
lection, optionally combined with touch, for example, will be able to select multiple widgets
in the normally expected manner. This dominates touch_multiselect when False.
multiselect is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
nodes_order_reversed
(Internal) Indicates whether the order of the nodes as displayed top- down is reversed com-
pared to their order in get_selectable_nodes() (e.g. how the children property is re-
versed compared to how it’s displayed).
page_count
Determines by how much the selected node is moved up or down, relative to the position of
the last selected node, when pageup (or pagedown) is pressed.
page_count is a NumericProperty and defaults to 10.
right_count
the last selected node, when the right (or left) arrow on the keyboard is pressed.
right_count is a NumericProperty and defaults to 1.
scroll_count
the last selected node, when the mouse scroll wheel is scrolled.
select_node(node)
Selects a node.
It is called by the controller when it selects a node and can be called from the outside to select
a node directly. The derived widget should overwrite this method and change the node state
to selected when called.
Parameters
node The node to be selected.
Returns bool, True if the node was selected, False otherwise.
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written.
select_with_key_down(keyboard, scancode, codepoint, modifiers, **kwargs)

Processes a key press. This is called when a key press is to be used for selection. Depending
on the keyboard keys pressed and the configuration, it could select or deselect nodes or node
ranges from the selectable nodes list, get_selectable_nodes().
The parameters are such that it could be bound directly to the on_key_down event of a key-
board. Therefore, it is safe to be called repeatedly when the key is held down as is done by
the keyboard.
Returns bool, True if the keypress was used, False otherwise.
select_with_key_up(keyboard, scancode, **kwargs)
(internal) Processes a key release. This must be called by the derived widget when a key that
select_with_key_down() returned True is released.
The parameters are such that it could be bound directly to the on_key_up event of a key-
board.
Returns bool, True if the key release was used, False otherwise.
select_with_touch(node, touch=None)
(internal) Processes a touch on the node. This should be called by the derived widget when
a node is touched and is to be used for selection. Depending on the keyboard keys pressed
and the configuration, it could select or deslect this and other nodes in the selectable nodes
list, get_selectable_nodes().
Parameters
node The node that received the touch. Can be None for a scroll type touch.
touch Optionally, the touch. Defaults to None.
Returns bool, True if the touch was used, False otherwise.
selected_nodes
The list of selected nodes.
Note: Multiple nodes can be selected right after one another e.g. using the keyboard. When
listening to selected_nodes, one should be aware of this.
selected_nodes is a ListProperty and defaults to the empty list, []. It is read-only and
should not be modified.
text_entry_timeout
When typing characters in rapid succession (i.e. the time difference since the last character
is less than text_entry_timeout), the keys get concatenated and the combined text is
passed as the key argument of goto_node().
touch_deselect_last
Determines whether the last selected node can be deselected when multiselect or
touch_multiselect is False.
touch_deselect_last is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True on mobile, False on
desktop platforms.
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touch_multiselect
A special touch mode which determines whether touch events, as processed by
select_with_touch(), will add the currently touched node to the selection, or if it will
clear the selection before adding the node. This allows the selection of multiple nodes by
simply touching them.
This is different from multiselect because when it is True, simply touching an unselected
node will select it, even if ctrl is not pressed. If it is False, however, ctrl must be pressed in
order to add to the selection when multiselect is True.
Note: multiselect, when False, will disable touch_multiselect.
touch_multiselect is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.

up_count
the last selected node, when the up (or down) arrow on the keyboard is pressed.
up_count is a NumericProperty and defaults to 1.
class kivy.uix.behaviors.CoverBehavior(**kwargs)
The CoverBehavior mixin provides rendering a texture covering full widget size keeping aspect
ratio of the original texture.
cover_pos
Position of the aspect ratio aware texture. Gets calculated in CoverBehavior.
calculate_cover.
cover_pos is a ListProperty and defaults to [0, 0].
cover_size
Size of the aspect ratio aware texture. Gets calculated in CoverBehavior.
calculate_cover.
cover_size is a ListProperty and defaults to [0, 0].
reference_size
Reference size used for aspect ratio approximation calculation.
reference_size is a ListProperty and defaults to [].
class kivy.uix.behaviors.DragBehavior(**kwargs)
The DragBehavior mixin provides Drag behavior. When combined with a widget, dragging in the
rectangle defined by drag_rectangle will drag the widget. Please see the drag behaviors
drag_distance
Distance to move before dragging the DragBehavior, in pixels. As soon as the distance has
been traveled, the DragBehavior will start to drag, and no touch event will be dispatched
to the children. It is advisable that you base this value on the dpi of your target device’s
screen.
drag_distance is a NumericProperty and defaults to the scroll_distance as defined in
the user Config (20 pixels by default).
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drag_rect_height
Height of the axis aligned bounding rectangle where dragging is allowed.
drag_rect_height is a NumericProperty and defaults to 100.
drag_rect_width
Width of the axis aligned bounding rectangle where dragging is allowed.
drag_rect_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 100.
drag_rect_x
X position of the axis aligned bounding rectangle where dragging is allowed (in window
coordinates).
drag_rect_x is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
drag_rect_y
Y position of the axis aligned bounding rectangle where dragging is allowed (in window
coordinates).
drag_rect_Y is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
drag_rectangle
Position and size of the axis aligned bounding rectangle where dragging is allowed.
drag_rectangle is a ReferenceListProperty of (drag_rect_x, drag_rect_y,
drag_rect_width, drag_rect_height) properties.
drag_timeout
Timeout allowed to trigger the drag_distance, in milliseconds. If the user has not moved
drag_distance within the timeout, dragging will be disabled, and the touch event will be
dispatched to the children.
drag_timeout is a NumericProperty and defaults to the scroll_timeout as defined in the
user Config (55 milliseconds by default).
class kivy.uix.behaviors.EmacsBehavior(**kwargs)
A mixin that enables Emacs-style keyboard shortcuts for the TextInput widget. Please see the
Emacs behaviors module documentation for more information.
delete_word_left()
Delete text left of the cursor to the beginning of word
delete_word_right()
Delete text right of the cursor to the end of the word
key_bindings
String name which determines the type of key bindings to use with the TextInput. This
allows Emacs key bindings to be enabled/disabled programmatically for widgets that inherit
from EmacsBehavior. If the value is not 'emacs', Emacs bindings will be disabled. Use
'default' for switching to the default key bindings of TextInput.
key_bindings is a StringProperty and defaults to 'emacs'.
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class kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior(**kwargs)
Provides keyboard focus behavior. When combined with other FocusBehavior widgets it al-
lows one to cycle focus among them by pressing tab. Please see the focus behavior module
documentation for more information.
focus
Whether the instance currently has focus.
Setting it to True will bind to and/or request the keyboard, and input will be forwarded
to the instance. Setting it to False will unbind and/or release the keyboard. For a given
keyboard, only one widget can have its focus, so focusing one will automatically unfocus the
other instance holding its focus.
When using a software keyboard, please refer to the softinput_mode property to deter-
mine how the keyboard display is handled.
focus is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
focus_next
The FocusBehavior instance to acquire focus when tab is pressed and this instance has
focus, if not None or StopIteration.
When tab is pressed, focus cycles through all the FocusBehavior widgets that are linked
through focus_next and are focusable. If focus_next is None, it instead walks the chil-
dren lists to find the next focusable widget. Finally, if focus_next is the StopIteration class,
focus won’t move forward, but end here.
focus_next is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
focus_previous
The FocusBehavior instance to acquire focus when shift+tab is pressed on this instance, if
not None or StopIteration.
When shift+tab is pressed, focus cycles through all the FocusBehavior widgets that are
linked through focus_previous and are focusable. If focus_previous is None, it instead
walks the children tree to find the previous focusable widget. Finally, if focus_previous
is the StopIteration class, focus won’t move backward, but end here.
focus_previous is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
focused
An alias of focus.
focused is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
Warning: focused is an alias of focus and will be removed in 2.0.0.
get_focus_next()
Returns the next focusable widget using either focus_next or the children similar to the
order when tabbing forwards with the tab key.
get_focus_previous()
Returns the previous focusable widget using either focus_previous or the children
similar to the order when tab + shift key are triggered together.
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hide_keyboard()
Convenience function to hide the keyboard in managed mode.
ignored_touch = []
A list of touches that should not be used to defocus. After on_touch_up, every touch that
is not in ignored_touch will defocus all the focused widgets if the config keyboard mode
is not multi. Touches on focusable widgets that were used to focus are automatically added
here.
Example usage:
class Unfocusable(Widget):

FocusBehavior.ignored_touch.append(touch)
Notice that you need to access this as a class, not an instance variable.
input_type
The kind of input keyboard to request.
Changed in version 2.1.0: Changed default value from text to null. Added null to options.
Warning: As the default value has been changed, you may need to adjust input_type in
your code.
input_type is an OptionsProperty and defaults to ‘null’. Can be one of ‘null’, ‘text’,

‘number’, ‘url’, ‘mail’, ‘datetime’, ‘tel’ or ‘address’.
is_focusable
Whether the instance can become focused. If focused, it’ll lose focus when set to False.
is_focusable is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True on a desktop (i.e. desktop is
True in config), False otherwise.
keyboard
The keyboard to bind to (or bound to the widget) when focused.
When None, a keyboard is requested and released whenever the widget comes into and out
of focus. If not None, it must be a keyboard, which gets bound and unbound from the widget
whenever it’s in or out of focus. It is useful only when more than one keyboard is available,
so it is recommended to be set to None when only one keyboard is available.
If more than one keyboard is available, whenever an instance gets focused a new keyboard
will be requested if None. Unless the other instances lose focus (e.g. if tab was used), a
new keyboard will appear. When this is undesired, the keyboard property can be used. For
example, if there are two users with two keyboards, then each keyboard can be assigned
to different groups of instances of FocusBehavior, ensuring that within each group, only
one FocusBehavior will have focus, and will receive input from the correct keyboard. See
keyboard_mode in config for more information on the keyboard modes.
Keyboard and focus behavior
When using the keyboard, there are some important default behaviors you should keep in
mind.
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• When Config’s keyboard_mode is multi, each new touch is considered a touch by a differ-
ent user and will set the focus (if clicked on a focusable) with a new keyboard. Already
focused elements will not lose their focus (even if an unfocusable widget is touched).
• If the keyboard property is set, that keyboard will be used when the instance gets
focused. If widgets with different keyboards are linked through focus_next and
focus_previous, then as they are tabbed through, different keyboards will become
active. Therefore, typically it’s undesirable to link instances which are assigned different
keyboards.
• When a widget has focus, setting its keyboard to None will remove its keyboard, but
the widget will then immediately try to get another keyboard. In order to remove its
keyboard, rather set its focus to False.
• When using a software keyboard, typical on mobile and touch devices, the keyboard
display behavior is determined by the softinput_mode property. You can use this
property to ensure the focused widget is not covered or obscured.
keyboard is an AliasProperty and defaults to None.
keyboard_mode
Determines how the keyboard visibility should be managed. ‘auto’ will result in the standard
behaviour of showing/hiding on focus. ‘managed’ requires setting the keyboard visibility
manually, or calling the helper functions show_keyboard() and hide_keyboard().
keyboard_mode is an OptionsProperty and defaults to ‘auto’. Can be one of ‘auto’ or
‘managed’.
keyboard_on_key_down(window, keycode, text, modifiers)
The method bound to the keyboard when the instance has focus.
When the instance becomes focused, this method is bound to the keyboard and will be called
for every input press. The parameters are the same as kivy.core.window.WindowBase.
on_key_down().
When overwriting the method in the derived widget, super should be called to enable tab
cycling. If the derived widget wishes to use tab for its own purposes, it can call super after it
has processed the character (if it does not wish to consume the tab).
Similar to other keyboard functions, it should return True if the key was consumed.
keyboard_on_key_up(window, keycode)
When the instance becomes focused, this method is bound to the keyboard and will be
called for every input release. The parameters are the same as kivy.core.window.
WindowBase.on_key_up().
When overwriting the method in the derived widget, super should be called to enable de-
focusing on escape. If the derived widget wishes to use escape for its own purposes, it can
call super after it has processed the character (if it does not wish to consume the escape).
See keyboard_on_key_down()
keyboard_suggestions
If True provides auto suggestions on top of keyboard. This will only work if input_type is
set to text, url, mail or address.
keyboard_suggestions is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True
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show_keyboard()
Convenience function to show the keyboard in managed mode.
unfocus_on_touch
Whether a instance should lose focus when clicked outside the instance.
When a user clicks on a widget that is focus aware and shares the same keyboard as this
widget (which in the case of only one keyboard, are all focus aware widgets), then as the
other widgets gains focus, this widget loses focus. In addition to that, if this property is True,
clicking on any widget other than this widget, will remove focus form this widget.
unfocus_on_touch is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False if the keyboard_mode in
Config is ‘multi’ or ‘systemandmulti’, otherwise it defaults to True.
class kivy.uix.behaviors.ToggleButtonBehavior(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.behaviors.button.ButtonBehavior
This mixin class provides togglebutton behavior. Please see the togglebutton behaviors
allow_no_selection
This specifies whether the widgets in a group allow no selection i.e. everything to be dese-
lected.
allow_no_selection is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True
static get_widgets(groupname)
Return a list of the widgets contained in a specific group. If the group doesn’t exist, an empty
list will be returned.
Note: Always release the result of this method! Holding a reference to any of these widgets
can prevent them from being garbage collected. If in doubt, do:
l = ToggleButtonBehavior.get_widgets('mygroup')
# do your job
del l
Warning: It’s possible that some widgets that you have previously deleted are still in the
list. The garbage collector might need to release other objects before flushing them.
group
Group of the button. If None, no group will be used (the button will be independent). If
specified, group must be a hashable object, like a string. Only one button in a group can be
in a ‘down’ state.
group is a ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
class kivy.uix.behaviors.TouchRippleBehavior(**kwargs)
Touch ripple behavior.
Supposed to be used as mixin on widget classes.
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Ripple behavior does not trigger automatically, concrete implementation needs to call
ripple_show() respective ripple_fade() manually.
Here we create a Label which renders the touch ripple animation on interaction:
class RippleLabel(TouchRippleBehavior, Label):

super(RippleLabel, self).__init__(**kwargs)

collide_point = self.collide_point(touch.x, touch.y)
if collide_point:
touch.grab(self)
self.ripple_show(touch)
return True
return False

touch.ungrab(self)
self.ripple_fade()
return True
return False
ripple_duration_in
Animation duration taken to show the overlay.
ripple_duration_in is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.5.
ripple_duration_out
Animation duration taken to fade the overlay.
ripple_duration_out is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.2.
ripple_fade()
Finish ripple animation on current widget.
ripple_fade_from_alpha
Alpha channel for ripple color the animation starts with.
ripple_fade_from_alpha is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.5.
ripple_fade_to_alpha
Alpha channel for ripple color the animation targets to.
ripple_fade_to_alpha is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.8.
ripple_func_in
Animation callback for showing the overlay.
ripple_func_in is a StringProperty and defaults to in_cubic.
ripple_func_out
Animation callback for hiding the overlay.
ripple_func_out is a StringProperty and defaults to out_quad.
ripple_rad_default
Default radius the animation starts from.
ripple_rad_default is a NumericProperty and defaults to 10.
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ripple_scale
Max scale of the animation overlay calculated from max(width/height) of the decorated wid-
get.
ripple_scale is a NumericProperty and defaults to 2.0.
ripple_show(touch)
Begin ripple animation on current widget.
Expects touch event as argument.
class kivy.uix.behaviors.TouchRippleButtonBehavior(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple.TouchRippleBehavior
This mixin class provides a similar behavior to ButtonBehavior but provides touch ripple ani-
mation instead of button pressed/released as visual effect.
Events
button goes away).
always_release
the widget.
last_touch
45.1.3 Button Behavior
The ButtonBehavior mixin class provides Button behavior. You can combine this class with other
widgets, such as an Image, to provide alternative buttons that preserve Kivy button behavior.
For an overview of behaviors, please refer to the behaviors documentation.
Example
The following example adds button behavior to an image to make a checkbox that behaves like a button:

from kivy.uix.behaviors import ButtonBehavior
class MyButton(ButtonBehavior, Image):

super(MyButton, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.source = 'atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/checkbox_off'
def on_press(self):
self.source = 'atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/checkbox_on'
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def on_release(self):
class SampleApp(App):
def build(self):
return MyButton()
SampleApp().run()
See ButtonBehavior for details.

class kivy.uix.behaviors.button.ButtonBehavior(**kwargs)
This mixin class provides Button behavior. Please see the button behaviors module docu-
mentation for more information.
Events
button goes away).
always_release
the widget.
Changed in version 1.10.0: The default value is now False.
last_touch
min_state_time
The minimum period of time which the widget must remain in the ‘down’ state.
min_state_time is a float and defaults to 0.035. This value is taken from Config.
state
The state of the button, must be one of ‘normal’ or ‘down’. The state is ‘down’ only when the
button is currently touched/clicked, otherwise its ‘normal’.
state is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘normal’.
trigger_action(duration=0.1)
Trigger whatever action(s) have been bound to the button by calling both the on_press and
on_release callbacks.
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This is similar to a quick button press without using any touch events, but note that like most
kivy code, this is not guaranteed to be safe to call from external threads. If needed use Clock
to safely schedule this function and the resulting callbacks to be called from the main thread.
Duration is the length of the press in seconds. Pass 0 if you want the action to happen
instantly.
45.1.4 Code Navigation Behavior
The CodeNavigationBehavior modifies navigation behavior in the TextInput, making it work

like an IDE instead of a word processor.
Using this mixin gives the TextInput the ability to recognize whitespace, punctuation and case varia-
tions (e.g. CamelCase) when moving over text. It is currently used by the CodeInput widget.
class kivy.uix.behaviors.codenavigation.CodeNavigationBehavior
Code navigation behavior. Modifies the navigation behavior in TextInput to work like an IDE
instead of a word processor. Please see the code navigation behaviors module documen-
tation for more information.
45.1.5 Compound Selection Behavior
The CompoundSelectionBehavior mixin class implements the logic behind keyboard and touch
selection of selectable widgets managed by the derived widget. For example, it can be combined with
a GridLayout to add selection to the layout.
Compound selection concepts
At its core, it keeps a dynamic list of widgets that can be selected. Then, as the touches and keyboard
input are passed in, it selects one or more of the widgets based on these inputs. For example, it uses the
mouse scroll and keyboard up/down buttons to scroll through the list of widgets. Multiselection can
also be achieved using the keyboard shift and ctrl keys.
Finally, in addition to the up/down type keyboard inputs, compound selection can also accept letters
from the keyboard to be used to select nodes with associated strings that start with those letters, similar
to how files are selected by a file browser.
Selection mechanics
When the controller needs to select a node, it calls select_node() and deselect_node().
Therefore, they must be overwritten in order alter node selection. By default, the class doesn’t
listen for keyboard or touch events, so the derived widget must call select_with_touch(),
select_with_key_down(), and select_with_key_up() on events that it wants to pass on for
selection purposes.
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Example
To add selection to a grid layout which will contain Button widgets. For each button added to the
layout, you need to bind the on_touch_down of the button to select_with_touch() to pass on the
touch events:
from kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection import CompoundSelectionBehavior

from kivy.uix.behaviors import FocusBehavior
class SelectableGrid(FocusBehavior, CompoundSelectionBehavior, GridLayout):
def keyboard_on_key_down(self, window, keycode, text, modifiers):

"""Based on FocusBehavior that provides automatic keyboard
access, key presses will be used to select children.
"""
if super(SelectableGrid, self).keyboard_on_key_down(
window, keycode, text, modifiers):
return True
if self.select_with_key_down(window, keycode, text, modifiers):
return True
return False
def keyboard_on_key_up(self, window, keycode):

"""Based on FocusBehavior that provides automatic keyboard
access, key release will be used to select children.
"""
if super(SelectableGrid, self).keyboard_on_key_up(window, keycode):
return True
if self.select_with_key_up(window, keycode):
return True
return False
def add_widget(self, widget, *args, **kwargs):

""" Override the adding of widgets so we can bind and catch their
*on_touch_down* events. """
widget.bind(on_touch_down=self.button_touch_down,
on_touch_up=self.button_touch_up)
return super(SelectableGrid, self) .add_
,→widget(widget, *args, **kwargs)
def button_touch_down(self, button, touch):

""" Use collision detection to select buttons when the touch occurs
within their area. """
if button.collide_point(*touch.pos):
self.select_with_touch(button, touch)
def button_touch_up(self, button, touch):

""" Use collision detection to de-select buttons when the touch
occurs outside their area and *touch_multiselect* is not True. """
if not (button.collide_point(*touch.pos) or
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self.touch_multiselect):
self.deselect_node(button)
def select_node(self, node):

node.background_color = (1, 0, 0, 1)
return super(SelectableGrid, self).select_node(node)
def deselect_node(self, node):

node.background_color = (1, 1, 1, 1)
super(SelectableGrid, self).deselect_node(node)
def on_selected_nodes(self, grid, nodes):

print("Selected nodes = {0}".format(nodes))
class TestApp(App):
def build(self):
grid = SelectableGrid(cols=3, rows=2, touch_multiselect=True,
multiselect=True)
for i in range(0, 6):
grid.add_widget(Button(text="Button {0}".format(i)))
return grid
TestApp().run()
Warning: This code is still experimental, and its API is subject to change in a future version.
class kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelectionBehavior(**kwargs)
The Selection behavior mixin implements the logic behind keyboard and touch selection of
selectable widgets managed by the derived widget. Please see the compound selection
behaviors module documentation for more information.
clear_selection()
Deselects all the currently selected nodes.
deselect_node(node)
Parameters
written.
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Parameters
get_selectable_nodes() list. Returning (last_node, last_node_idx) indi-
keyboard_select
Determines whether the keyboard can be used for selection. If False, keyboard inputs will be
ignored.
keyboard_select is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
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multiselect
Determines whether multiple nodes can be selected. If enabled, keyboard shift and ctrl se-
lection, optionally combined with touch, for example, will be able to select multiple widgets
in the normally expected manner. This dominates touch_multiselect when False.
nodes_order_reversed
(Internal) Indicates whether the order of the nodes as displayed top- down is reversed com-
pared to their order in get_selectable_nodes() (e.g. how the children property is re-
versed compared to how it’s displayed).
page_count
the last selected node, when pageup (or pagedown) is pressed.
page_count is a NumericProperty and defaults to 10.
right_count
the last selected node, when the right (or left) arrow on the keyboard is pressed.
scroll_count
the last selected node, when the mouse scroll wheel is scrolled.
select_node(node)
Selects a node.
Parameters
written.
select_with_key_down(keyboard, scancode, codepoint, modifiers, **kwargs)

Processes a key press. This is called when a key press is to be used for selection. Depending
on the keyboard keys pressed and the configuration, it could select or deselect nodes or node
ranges from the selectable nodes list, get_selectable_nodes().
The parameters are such that it could be bound directly to the on_key_down event of a key-
board. Therefore, it is safe to be called repeatedly when the key is held down as is done by
the keyboard.
Returns bool, True if the keypress was used, False otherwise.
select_with_key_up(keyboard, scancode, **kwargs)
(internal) Processes a key release. This must be called by the derived widget when a key that
select_with_key_down() returned True is released.
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The parameters are such that it could be bound directly to the on_key_up event of a key-
board.
Returns bool, True if the key release was used, False otherwise.
select_with_touch(node, touch=None)
(internal) Processes a touch on the node. This should be called by the derived widget when
a node is touched and is to be used for selection. Depending on the keyboard keys pressed
and the configuration, it could select or deslect this and other nodes in the selectable nodes
list, get_selectable_nodes().
Parameters
node The node that received the touch. Can be None for a scroll type touch.
touch Optionally, the touch. Defaults to None.
Returns bool, True if the touch was used, False otherwise.
selected_nodes
The list of selected nodes.
Note: Multiple nodes can be selected right after one another e.g. using the keyboard. When
listening to selected_nodes, one should be aware of this.
selected_nodes is a ListProperty and defaults to the empty list, []. It is read-only and
should not be modified.
text_entry_timeout
When typing characters in rapid succession (i.e. the time difference since the last character
is less than text_entry_timeout), the keys get concatenated and the combined text is
passed as the key argument of goto_node().
touch_deselect_last
Determines whether the last selected node can be deselected when multiselect or
touch_multiselect is False.
touch_deselect_last is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True on mobile, False on
desktop platforms.
touch_multiselect
A special touch mode which determines whether touch events, as processed by
select_with_touch(), will add the currently touched node to the selection, or if it will
clear the selection before adding the node. This allows the selection of multiple nodes by
simply touching them.
This is different from multiselect because when it is True, simply touching an unselected
node will select it, even if ctrl is not pressed. If it is False, however, ctrl must be pressed in
order to add to the selection when multiselect is True.
Note: multiselect, when False, will disable touch_multiselect.
touch_multiselect is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
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up_count
the last selected node, when the up (or down) arrow on the keyboard is pressed.
up_count is a NumericProperty and defaults to 1.
45.1.6 Cover Behavior
The CoverBehavior mixin is intended for rendering textures to full widget size keeping the aspect
Use cases are i.e. rendering full size background images or video content in a dynamic layout.
Example
The following examples add cover behavior to an image:

In python:

from kivy.uix.behaviors import CoverBehavior
class CoverImage(CoverBehavior, Image):

super(CoverImage, self).__init__(**kwargs)
texture = self._coreimage.texture
self.reference_size = texture.size
self.texture = texture
class MainApp(App):
def build(self):
return CoverImage(source='image.jpg')
MainApp().run()
In Kivy Language:
CoverImage:
source: 'image.png'
<CoverImage@CoverBehavior+Image>:
reference_size: self.texture_size
See CoverBehavior for details.

class kivy.uix.behaviors.cover.CoverBehavior(**kwargs)
The CoverBehavior mixin provides rendering a texture covering full widget size keeping aspect
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cover_pos
Position of the aspect ratio aware texture. Gets calculated in CoverBehavior.
calculate_cover.
cover_pos is a ListProperty and defaults to [0, 0].
cover_size
Size of the aspect ratio aware texture. Gets calculated in CoverBehavior.
calculate_cover.
cover_size is a ListProperty and defaults to [0, 0].
reference_size
Reference size used for aspect ratio approximation calculation.
reference_size is a ListProperty and defaults to [].
45.1.7 Drag Behavior
The DragBehavior mixin class provides Drag behavior. When combined with a widget, dragging in
the rectangle defined by the drag_rectangle will drag the widget.
Example
The following example creates a draggable label:

from kivy.uix.behaviors import DragBehavior
# You could also put the following in your kv file...

kv = '''
<DragLabel>:
# Define the properties for the DragLabel
drag_rectangle: self.x, self.y, self.width, self.height
drag_timeout: 10000000
drag_distance: 0
FloatLayout:
# Define the root widget
DragLabel:
size_hint: 0.25, 0.2
text: 'Drag me'
'''
class DragLabel(DragBehavior, Label):

pass
class TestApp(App):
def build(self):
return Builder.load_string(kv)
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TestApp().run()
class kivy.uix.behaviors.drag.DragBehavior(**kwargs)
The DragBehavior mixin provides Drag behavior. When combined with a widget, dragging in the
rectangle defined by drag_rectangle will drag the widget. Please see the drag behaviors
drag_distance
Distance to move before dragging the DragBehavior, in pixels. As soon as the distance has
been traveled, the DragBehavior will start to drag, and no touch event will be dispatched
to the children. It is advisable that you base this value on the dpi of your target device’s
screen.
drag_distance is a NumericProperty and defaults to the scroll_distance as defined in
the user Config (20 pixels by default).
drag_rect_height
Height of the axis aligned bounding rectangle where dragging is allowed.
drag_rect_height is a NumericProperty and defaults to 100.
drag_rect_width
Width of the axis aligned bounding rectangle where dragging is allowed.
drag_rect_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 100.
drag_rect_x
X position of the axis aligned bounding rectangle where dragging is allowed (in window
coordinates).
drag_rect_x is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
drag_rect_y
Y position of the axis aligned bounding rectangle where dragging is allowed (in window
coordinates).
drag_rect_Y is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
drag_rectangle
Position and size of the axis aligned bounding rectangle where dragging is allowed.
drag_rectangle is a ReferenceListProperty of (drag_rect_x, drag_rect_y,
drag_rect_width, drag_rect_height) properties.
drag_timeout
Timeout allowed to trigger the drag_distance, in milliseconds. If the user has not moved
drag_distance within the timeout, dragging will be disabled, and the touch event will be
dispatched to the children.
drag_timeout is a NumericProperty and defaults to the scroll_timeout as defined in the
user Config (55 milliseconds by default).
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45.1.8 Emacs Behavior
The EmacsBehavior mixin allows you to add Emacs keyboard shortcuts for basic movement and
editing to the TextInput widget. The shortcuts currently available are listed below:
Emacs shortcuts
Shortcut Description
Control + a Move cursor to the beginning of the line
Control + e Move cursor to the end of the line
Control + f Move cursor one character to the right
Control + b Move cursor one character to the left
Alt + f Move cursor to the end of the word to the right
Alt + b Move cursor to the start of the word to the left
Alt + Backspace Delete text left of the cursor to the beginning of word
Alt + d Delete text right of the cursor to the end of the word
Alt + w Copy selection
Control + w Cut selection
Control + y Paste selection
Warning: If you have the inspector module enabled, the shortcut for opening the inspector
(Control + e) conflicts with the Emacs shortcut to move to the end of the line (it will still move the
cursor to the end of the line, but the inspector will open as well).
class kivy.uix.behaviors.emacs.EmacsBehavior(**kwargs)
A mixin that enables Emacs-style keyboard shortcuts for the TextInput widget. Please see the
Emacs behaviors module documentation for more information.
delete_word_left()
Delete text left of the cursor to the beginning of word
delete_word_right()
Delete text right of the cursor to the end of the word
key_bindings
String name which determines the type of key bindings to use with the TextInput. This
allows Emacs key bindings to be enabled/disabled programmatically for widgets that inherit
from EmacsBehavior. If the value is not 'emacs', Emacs bindings will be disabled. Use
'default' for switching to the default key bindings of TextInput.
key_bindings is a StringProperty and defaults to 'emacs'.
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45.1.9 Focus Behavior
The FocusBehavior mixin class provides keyboard focus behavior. When combined with other Fo-
cusBehavior widgets it allows one to cycle focus among them by pressing tab. In addition, upon gaining
focus, the instance will automatically receive keyboard input.
Focus, very different from selection, is intimately tied with the keyboard; each keyboard can focus on
zero or one widgets, and each widget can only have the focus of one keyboard. However, multiple
keyboards can focus simultaneously on different widgets. When escape is hit, the widget having the
focus of that keyboard will de-focus.
Managing focus
In essence, focus is implemented as a doubly linked list, where each node holds a (weak) refer-
ence to the instance before it and after it, as visualized when cycling through the nodes using tab
(forward) or shift+tab (backward). If a previous or next widget is not specified, focus_next and
focus_previous defaults to None. This means that the children list and parents are walked to
find the next focusable widget, unless focus_next or focus_previous is set to the StopIteration
class, in which case focus stops there.
For example, to cycle focus between Button elements of a GridLayout:
class FocusButton(FocusBehavior, Button):

pass
grid = GridLayout(cols=4)
for i in range(40):
grid.add_widget(FocusButton(text=str(i)))
# clicking on a widget will activate focus, and tab can now be used
# to cycle through
When using a software keyboard, typical on mobile and touch devices, the keyboard display behavior is
determined by the softinput_mode property. You can use this property to ensure the focused widget
is not covered or obscured by the keyboard.
Initializing focus
Widgets needs to be visible before they can receive the focus. This means that setting their focus property
to True before they are visible will have no effect. To initialize focus, you can use the ‘on_parent’ event:

class MyTextInput(TextInput):
def on_parent(self, widget, parent):
self.focus = True
def build(self):
return MyTextInput()
SampleApp().run()
If you are using a popup, you can use the ‘on_open’ event.
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class kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior(**kwargs)
Provides keyboard focus behavior. When combined with other FocusBehavior widgets it al-
lows one to cycle focus among them by pressing tab. Please see the focus behavior module
focus
Whether the instance currently has focus.
Setting it to True will bind to and/or request the keyboard, and input will be forwarded
to the instance. Setting it to False will unbind and/or release the keyboard. For a given
keyboard, only one widget can have its focus, so focusing one will automatically unfocus the
other instance holding its focus.
When using a software keyboard, please refer to the softinput_mode property to deter-
mine how the keyboard display is handled.
focus is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
focus_next
The FocusBehavior instance to acquire focus when tab is pressed and this instance has
focus, if not None or StopIteration.
When tab is pressed, focus cycles through all the FocusBehavior widgets that are linked
through focus_next and are focusable. If focus_next is None, it instead walks the chil-
dren lists to find the next focusable widget. Finally, if focus_next is the StopIteration class,
focus won’t move forward, but end here.
focus_next is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
focus_previous
The FocusBehavior instance to acquire focus when shift+tab is pressed on this instance, if
not None or StopIteration.
When shift+tab is pressed, focus cycles through all the FocusBehavior widgets that are
linked through focus_previous and are focusable. If focus_previous is None, it instead
walks the children tree to find the previous focusable widget. Finally, if focus_previous
is the StopIteration class, focus won’t move backward, but end here.
focus_previous is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
focused
An alias of focus.
focused is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
Warning: focused is an alias of focus and will be removed in 2.0.0.
get_focus_next()
Returns the next focusable widget using either focus_next or the children similar to the
order when tabbing forwards with the tab key.
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get_focus_previous()
Returns the previous focusable widget using either focus_previous or the children
similar to the order when tab + shift key are triggered together.
hide_keyboard()
Convenience function to hide the keyboard in managed mode.
ignored_touch = []
A list of touches that should not be used to defocus. After on_touch_up, every touch that
is not in ignored_touch will defocus all the focused widgets if the config keyboard mode
is not multi. Touches on focusable widgets that were used to focus are automatically added
here.
Example usage:
class Unfocusable(Widget):

FocusBehavior.ignored_touch.append(touch)
Notice that you need to access this as a class, not an instance variable.
input_type
The kind of input keyboard to request.
Changed in version 2.1.0: Changed default value from text to null. Added null to options.
Warning: As the default value has been changed, you may need to adjust input_type in
your code.
input_type is an OptionsProperty and defaults to ‘null’. Can be one of ‘null’, ‘text’,

‘number’, ‘url’, ‘mail’, ‘datetime’, ‘tel’ or ‘address’.
is_focusable
Whether the instance can become focused. If focused, it’ll lose focus when set to False.
is_focusable is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True on a desktop (i.e. desktop is
True in config), False otherwise.
keyboard
The keyboard to bind to (or bound to the widget) when focused.
When None, a keyboard is requested and released whenever the widget comes into and out
of focus. If not None, it must be a keyboard, which gets bound and unbound from the widget
whenever it’s in or out of focus. It is useful only when more than one keyboard is available,
so it is recommended to be set to None when only one keyboard is available.
If more than one keyboard is available, whenever an instance gets focused a new keyboard
will be requested if None. Unless the other instances lose focus (e.g. if tab was used), a
new keyboard will appear. When this is undesired, the keyboard property can be used. For
example, if there are two users with two keyboards, then each keyboard can be assigned
to different groups of instances of FocusBehavior, ensuring that within each group, only
one FocusBehavior will have focus, and will receive input from the correct keyboard. See
keyboard_mode in config for more information on the keyboard modes.
Keyboard and focus behavior
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When using the keyboard, there are some important default behaviors you should keep in
mind.
• When Config’s keyboard_mode is multi, each new touch is considered a touch by a differ-
ent user and will set the focus (if clicked on a focusable) with a new keyboard. Already
focused elements will not lose their focus (even if an unfocusable widget is touched).
• If the keyboard property is set, that keyboard will be used when the instance gets
focused. If widgets with different keyboards are linked through focus_next and
focus_previous, then as they are tabbed through, different keyboards will become
active. Therefore, typically it’s undesirable to link instances which are assigned different
keyboards.
• When a widget has focus, setting its keyboard to None will remove its keyboard, but
the widget will then immediately try to get another keyboard. In order to remove its
keyboard, rather set its focus to False.
• When using a software keyboard, typical on mobile and touch devices, the keyboard
display behavior is determined by the softinput_mode property. You can use this
property to ensure the focused widget is not covered or obscured.
keyboard is an AliasProperty and defaults to None.
keyboard_mode
Determines how the keyboard visibility should be managed. ‘auto’ will result in the standard
behaviour of showing/hiding on focus. ‘managed’ requires setting the keyboard visibility
manually, or calling the helper functions show_keyboard() and hide_keyboard().
keyboard_mode is an OptionsProperty and defaults to ‘auto’. Can be one of ‘auto’ or
‘managed’.
on_key_down().
keyboard_suggestions
If True provides auto suggestions on top of keyboard. This will only work if input_type is
set to text, url, mail or address.
keyboard_suggestions is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True
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show_keyboard()
Convenience function to show the keyboard in managed mode.
unfocus_on_touch
Whether a instance should lose focus when clicked outside the instance.
When a user clicks on a widget that is focus aware and shares the same keyboard as this
widget (which in the case of only one keyboard, are all focus aware widgets), then as the
other widgets gains focus, this widget loses focus. In addition to that, if this property is True,
clicking on any widget other than this widget, will remove focus form this widget.
unfocus_on_touch is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False if the keyboard_mode in
Config is ‘multi’ or ‘systemandmulti’, otherwise it defaults to True.
45.1.10 Kivy Namespaces
The KNSpaceBehavior mixin class provides namespace functionality for Kivy objects. It allows kivy
objects to be named and then accessed using namespaces.
KNSpace instances are the namespaces that store the named objects in Kivy ObjectProperty in-
stances. In addition, when inheriting from KNSpaceBehavior, if the derived object is named, the
name will automatically be added to the associated namespace and will point to a proxy_ref of the
derived object.
Basic examples
By default, there’s only a single namespace: the knspace namespace. The simplest example is adding
a widget to the namespace:
from kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace import knspace

widget = Widget()
knspace.my_widget = widget
This adds a kivy ObjectProperty with rebind=True and allownone=True to the knspace namespace
with a property name my_widget. And the property now also points to this widget.
This can be done automatically with:
class MyWidget(KNSpaceBehavior, Widget):

pass
widget = MyWidget(knsname='my_widget')
Or in kv:
<MyWidget@KNSpaceBehavior+Widget>
MyWidget:
knsname: 'my_widget'
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Now, knspace.my_widget will point to that widget.
When one creates a second widget with the same name, the namespace will also change to point to the
new widget. E.g.:
# knspace.my_widget now points to widget
widget2 = MyWidget(knsname='my_widget')
# knspace.my_widget now points to widget2
Setting the namespace
One can also create ones own namespace rather than using the default knspace by directly setting
KNSpaceBehavior.knspace:
class MyWidget(KNSpaceBehavior, Widget):

pass
my_new_namespace = KNSpace()
widget.knspace = my_new_namespace
Initially, my_widget is added to the default namespace, but when the widget’s namespace is changed
to my_new_namespace, the reference to my_widget is moved to that namespace. We could have also
of course first set the namespace to my_new_namespace and then have named the widget my_widget,
thereby avoiding the initial assignment to the default namespace.
Similarly, in kv:
MyWidget:
knspace: KNSpace()
knsname: 'my_widget'
Inheriting the namespace
In the previous example, we directly set the namespace we wished to use. In the following example,
we inherit it from the parent, so we only have to set it once:
<MyLabel@KNSpaceBehavior+Label>
<MyComplexWidget@MyWidget>:
knsname: 'my_complex'
MyLabel:
knsname: 'label1'
MyLabel:
knsname: 'label2'
Then, we do:
widget = MyComplexWidget()
new_knspace = KNSpace()
widget.knspace = new_knspace
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The rule is that if no knspace has been assigned to a widget, it looks for a namespace in its parent and
parent’s parent and so on until it find one to use. If none are found, it uses the default knspace.
When MyComplexWidget is created, it still used the default namespace. However, when we assigned
the root widget its new namespace, all its children switched to using that new namespace as well. So
new_knspace now contains label1 and label2 as well as my_complex.
If we had first done:
widget = MyComplexWidget()
new_knspace = KNSpace()
knspace.label1.knspace = knspace
widget.knspace = new_knspace
Then label1 would remain stored in the default knspace since it was directly set, but label2 and
my_complex would still be added to the new namespace.
One can customize the attribute used to search the parent tree by changing KNSpaceBehavior.
knspace_key. If the desired knspace is not reachable through a widgets parent tree, e.g. in a popup
that is not a widget’s child, KNSpaceBehavior.knspace_key can be used to establish a different
search order.
Accessing the namespace
As seen in the previous example, if not directly assigned, the namespace is found by searching the
parent tree. Consequently, if a namespace was assigned further up the parent tree, all its children and
below could access that namespace through their KNSpaceBehavior.knspace property.
This allows the creation of multiple widgets with identically given names if each root widget instance
is assigned a new namespace. For example:
<MyComplexWidget@KNSpaceBehavior+Widget>:
Label:
text: root.knspace.pretty.text if root.knspace.pretty else ''
<MyPrettyWidget@KNSpaceBehavior+TextInput>:
knsname: 'pretty'
text: 'Hello'
<MyCompositeWidget@KNSpaceBehavior+BoxLayout>:
MyComplexWidget
MyPrettyWidget
Now, when we do:
knspace1, knspace2 = KNSpace(), KNSpace()

composite1 = MyCompositeWidget()
composite1.knspace = knspace1
composite2.knspace = knspace2
knspace1.pretty = "Here's the ladder, now fix the roof!"

knspace2.pretty = "Get that raccoon off me!"
Because each of the MyCompositeWidget instances have a different namespace their children also use dif-
ferent namespaces. Consequently, the pretty and complex widgets of each instance will have different
text.
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Further, because both the namespace ObjectProperty references, and KNSpaceBehavior.
knspace have rebind=True, the text of the MyComplexWidget label is rebound to match the text of
MyPrettyWidget when either the root’s namespace changes or when the root.knspace.pretty property
changes, as expected.
Forking a namespace
Forking a namespace provides the opportunity to create a new namespace from a parent namespace so
that the forked namespace will contain everything in the origin namespace, but the origin namespace
will not have access to anything added to the forked namespace.
For example:
child = knspace.fork()
grandchild = child.fork()
child.label = Label()
grandchild.button = Button()
Now label is accessible by both child and grandchild, but not by knspace. And button is only accessible
by the grandchild but not by the child or by knspace. Finally, doing grandchild.label = Label() will leave
grandchild.label and child.label pointing to different labels.
A motivating example is the example from above:
<MyComplexWidget@KNSpaceBehavior+Widget>:
Label:
text: root.knspace.pretty.text if root.knspace.pretty else ''
<MyPrettyWidget@KNSpaceBehavior+TextInput>:
knsname: 'pretty'
text: 'Hello'
<MyCompositeWidget@KNSpaceBehavior+BoxLayout>:
knspace: 'fork'
MyComplexWidget
MyPrettyWidget
Notice the addition of knspace: ‘fork’. This is identical to doing knspace: self.knspace.fork(). How-
ever, doing that would lead to infinite recursion as that kv rule would be executed recursively be-
cause self.knspace will keep on changing. However, allowing knspace: ‘fork’ cirumvents that. See
KNSpaceBehavior.knspace.
Now, having forked, we just need to do:
composite1.knspace.pretty = "Here's the ladder, now fix the roof!"

composite2.knspace.pretty = "Get that raccoon off me!"
Since by forking we automatically created a unique namespace for each MyCompositeWidget instance.
class kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace.KNSpace(parent=None, keep_ref=False, **kwargs)
Each KNSpace instance is a namespace that stores the named Kivy objects associated with this
namespace. Each named object is stored as the value of a Kivy ObjectProperty of this instance
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whose property name is the object’s given name. Both rebind and allownone are set to True for the
property.
See KNSpaceBehavior.knspace for details on how a namespace is associated with a named
object.
When storing an object in the namespace, the object’s proxy_ref is stored if the object has such an
attribute.
Parameters
parent: (internal) A KNSpace instance or None. If specified, it’s a parent names-
pace, in which case, the current namespace will have in its namespace all its
named objects as well as the named objects of its parent and parent’s parent etc.
See fork() for more details.
fork()
Returns a new KNSpace instance which will have access to all the named objects in the
current namespace but will also have a namespace of its own that is unique to it.
For example:
forked_knspace1 = knspace.fork()
forked_knspace2 = knspace.fork()
Now, any names added to knspace will be accessible by the forked_knspace1 and forked_knspace2
namespaces by the normal means. However, any names added to forked_knspace1 will not be
accessible from knspace or forked_knspace2. Similar for forked_knspace2.
keep_ref = False
Whether a direct reference should be kept to the stored objects. If True, we use the direct
object, otherwise we use proxy_ref when present.
Defaults to False.
parent = None
(internal) The parent namespace instance, KNSpace, or None. See fork().
property(self, name, quiet=False)
Get a property instance from the property name. If quiet is True, None is returned instead of
raising an exception when name is not a property. Defaults to False.
Returns A Property derived instance corresponding to the name.
Changed in version 1.9.0: quiet was added.
class kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace.KNSpaceBehavior(knspace=None, **kwargs)
Inheriting from this class allows naming of the inherited objects, which are then added to the
associated namespace knspace and accessible through it.
Please see the knspace behaviors module documentation for more information.
knsname
The name given to this instance. If named, the name will be added to the associated knspace
namespace, which will then point to the proxy_ref of this instance.
When named, one can access this object by e.g. self.knspace.name, where name is the given
name of this instance. See knspace and the module description for more details.
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knspace
The namespace instance, KNSpace, associated with this widget. The knspace namespace
stores this widget when naming this widget with knsname.
If the namespace has been set with a KNSpace instance, e.g. with self.knspace = KNSpace(),
then that instance is returned (setting with None doesn’t count). Otherwise, if knspace_key
is not None, we look for a namespace to use in the object that is stored in the property named
knspace_key, of this instance. I.e. object = getattr(self, self.knspace_key).
If that object has a knspace property, then we return its value. Otherwise, we go further up,
e.g. with getattr(object, self.knspace_key) and look for its knspace property.
Finally, if we reach a value of None, or knspace_key was None, the default knspace names-
pace is returned.
If knspace is set to the string ‘fork’, the current namespace in knspace will be forked with
KNSpace.fork() and the resulting namespace will be assigned to this instance’s knspace.
See the module examples for a motivating example.
Both rebind and allownone are True.
knspace_key
The name of the property of this instance, to use to search upwards for a namespace to use
by this instance. Defaults to ‘parent’ so that we’ll search the parent tree. See knspace.
When None, we won’t search the parent tree for the namespace. allownone is True.
kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace.knspace = <kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace.KNSpace
object>
The default KNSpace namespace. See KNSpaceBehavior.knspace for more details.
45.1.11 ToggleButton Behavior
The ToggleButtonBehavior mixin class provides ToggleButton behavior. You can combine this
class with other widgets, such as an Image, to provide alternative togglebuttons that preserve Kivy
togglebutton behavior.
Example
The following example adds togglebutton behavior to an image to make a checkbox that behaves like a
togglebutton:

from kivy.uix.behaviors import ToggleButtonBehavior
class MyButton(ToggleButtonBehavior, Image):

super(MyButton, self).__init__(**kwargs)
def on_state(self, widget, value):

if value == 'down':
self.source = 'atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/checkbox_on'
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else:
def build(self):
return MyButton()
SampleApp().run()
class kivy.uix.behaviors.togglebutton.ToggleButtonBehavior(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.behaviors.button.ButtonBehavior
This mixin class provides togglebutton behavior. Please see the togglebutton behaviors
allow_no_selection
This specifies whether the widgets in a group allow no selection i.e. everything to be dese-
lected.
allow_no_selection is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True
static get_widgets(groupname)
Return a list of the widgets contained in a specific group. If the group doesn’t exist, an empty
list will be returned.
Note: Always release the result of this method! Holding a reference to any of these widgets
can prevent them from being garbage collected. If in doubt, do:
l = ToggleButtonBehavior.get_widgets('mygroup')
# do your job
del l
Warning: It’s possible that some widgets that you have previously deleted are still in the
list. The garbage collector might need to release other objects before flushing them.
group
Group of the button. If None, no group will be used (the button will be independent). If
specified, group must be a hashable object, like a string. Only one button in a group can be
in a ‘down’ state.
group is a ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
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45.1.12 Touch Ripple
This module contains mixin classes to add a touch ripple visual effect known from Google Material
Design <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_Design>_ to widgets.
The class TouchRippleBehavior provides rendering the ripple animation.
The class TouchRippleButtonBehavior basically provides the same functionality as
ButtonBehavior but rendering the ripple animation instead of default press/release visualiza-
tion.
class kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple.TouchRippleBehavior(**kwargs)
Touch ripple behavior.
Supposed to be used as mixin on widget classes.
Ripple behavior does not trigger automatically, concrete implementation needs to call
ripple_show() respective ripple_fade() manually.
Here we create a Label which renders the touch ripple animation on interaction:
class RippleLabel(TouchRippleBehavior, Label):

super(RippleLabel, self).__init__(**kwargs)

collide_point = self.collide_point(touch.x, touch.y)
if collide_point:
touch.grab(self)
self.ripple_show(touch)
return True
return False

touch.ungrab(self)
self.ripple_fade()
return True
return False
ripple_duration_in
Animation duration taken to show the overlay.
ripple_duration_in is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.5.
ripple_duration_out
Animation duration taken to fade the overlay.
ripple_duration_out is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.2.
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ripple_fade()
Finish ripple animation on current widget.
ripple_fade_from_alpha
Alpha channel for ripple color the animation starts with.
ripple_fade_from_alpha is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.5.
ripple_fade_to_alpha
Alpha channel for ripple color the animation targets to.
ripple_fade_to_alpha is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.8.
ripple_func_in
Animation callback for showing the overlay.
ripple_func_in is a StringProperty and defaults to in_cubic.
ripple_func_out
Animation callback for hiding the overlay.
ripple_func_out is a StringProperty and defaults to out_quad.
ripple_rad_default
Default radius the animation starts from.
ripple_rad_default is a NumericProperty and defaults to 10.
ripple_scale
Max scale of the animation overlay calculated from max(width/height) of the decorated wid-
get.
ripple_scale is a NumericProperty and defaults to 2.0.
ripple_show(touch)
Begin ripple animation on current widget.
Expects touch event as argument.
class kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple.TouchRippleButtonBehavior(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple.TouchRippleBehavior
This mixin class provides a similar behavior to ButtonBehavior but provides touch ripple ani-
mation instead of button pressed/released as visual effect.
Events
button goes away).
always_release
the widget.
last_touch
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45.2 RecycleView
The RecycleView provides a flexible model for viewing selected sections of large data sets. It aims
to prevent the performance degradation that can occur when generating large numbers of widgets in
order to display many data items.
Warning: Because RecycleView reuses widgets, any state change to a single widget will stay with
that widget as it’s reused, even if the data assigned to it by the RecycleView changes. Unless the
complete state is tracked in data (see below).
The view is generatad by processing the data, essentially a list of dicts, and uses these dicts to gener-
ate instances of the viewclass as required. Its design is based on the MVC (Model-view-controller)
pattern.
• Model: The model is formed by data you pass in via a list of dicts.
• View: The View is split across layout and views and implemented using adapters.
• Controller: The controller determines the logical interaction and is implemented by
RecycleViewBehavior.
These are abstract classes and cannot be used directly. The default concrete implementations are the
RecycleDataModel for the model, the RecycleLayout for the view, and the RecycleView for the
controller.
When a RecycleView is instantiated, it automatically creates the views and data classes. However, one
must manually create the layout classes and add them to the RecycleView.
A layout manager is automatically created as a layout_manager when added as the child of the
RecycleView. Similarly when removed. A requirement is that the layout manager must be contained as
a child somewhere within the RecycleView’s widget tree so the view port can be found.
A minimal example might look something like this:

from kivy.uix.recycleview import RecycleView
<RV>:
viewclass: 'Label'
RecycleBoxLayout:
default_size: None, dp(56)
default_size_hint: 1, None
size_hint_y: None
height: self.minimum_height
''')
class RV(RecycleView):
super(RV, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.data = [{'text': str(x)} for x in range(100)]
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class TestApp(App):
def build(self):
return RV()
if __name__ == '__main__':
TestApp().run()
In order to support selection in the view, you can add the required behaviours as follows:

from kivy.uix.recycleview.views import RecycleDataViewBehavior
from kivy.properties import BooleanProperty
from kivy.uix.recycleboxlayout import RecycleBoxLayout
from kivy.uix.behaviors import FocusBehavior
from kivy.uix.recycleview.layout import LayoutSelectionBehavior
<SelectableLabel>:
# Draw a background to indicate selection
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: (.0, 0.9, .1, .3) if self.selected else (0, 0, 0, 1)
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
<RV>:
viewclass: 'SelectableLabel'
SelectableRecycleBoxLayout:
default_size: None, dp(56)
default_size_hint: 1, None
size_hint_y: None
multiselect: True
touch_multiselect: True
''')
class SelectableRecycleBoxLayout(FocusBehavior, LayoutSelectionBehavior,

RecycleBoxLayout):
''' Adds selection and focus behaviour to the view. '''
class SelectableLabel(RecycleDataViewBehavior, Label):

''' Add selection support to the Label '''
index = None
selected = BooleanProperty(False)
selectable = BooleanProperty(True)
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def refresh_view_attrs(self, rv, index, data):
''' Catch and handle the view changes '''
self.index = index
return super(SelectableLabel, self).refresh_view_attrs(
rv, index, data)

''' Add selection on touch down '''
if super(SelectableLabel, self).on_touch_down(touch):
return True
if self.collide_point(*touch.pos) and self.selectable:
return self.parent.select_with_touch(self.index, touch)
def apply_selection(self, rv, index, is_selected):

''' Respond to the selection of items in the view. '''
self.selected = is_selected
if is_selected:
print("selection changed to {0}".format(rv.data[index]))
else:
print("selection removed for {0}".format(rv.data[index]))
class RV(RecycleView):
self.data = [{'text': str(x)} for x in range(100)]
class TestApp(App):
def build(self):
return RV()
if __name__ == '__main__':
TestApp().run()
Please see the examples/widgets/recycleview/basic_data.py file for a more complete example.
45.2.1 Viewclass State
Because the viewclass widgets are reused or instantiated as needed by the RecycleView, the order and
content of the widgets are mutable. So any state change to a single widget will stay with that widget,
even when the data assigned to it from the data dict changes, unless data tracks those changes or they
are manually refreshed when re-used.
There are two methods for managing state changes in viewclass widgets:
1. Store state in the RecycleView.data Model
2. Generate state changes on-the-fly by catching data updates and manually refreshing.
An example:

551
from kivy.uix.recycleview.views import RecycleDataViewBehavior
from kivy.properties import BooleanProperty, StringProperty
<StatefulLabel>:
active: stored_state.active
CheckBox:
id: stored_state
active: root.active
on_release: root.store_checkbox_state()
Label:
text: root.text
Label:
id: generate_state
text: root.generated_state_text
<RV>:
viewclass: 'StatefulLabel'
RecycleBoxLayout:
size_hint_y: None
''')
class StatefulLabel(RecycleDataViewBehavior, BoxLayout):

text = StringProperty()
generated_state_text = StringProperty()
active = BooleanProperty()
index = 0
'''
To change a viewclass' state as the data assigned to it changes,
overload the refresh_view_attrs function (inherited from
RecycleDataViewBehavior)
'''
def refresh_view_attrs(self, rv, index, data):
self.index = index
if data['text'] == '0':
self.generated_state_text = "is zero"
elif int(data['text']) % 2 == 1:
self.generated_state_text = "is odd"
else:
self.generated_state_text = "is even"
super(StatefulLabel, self).refresh_view_attrs(rv, index, data)
'''
To keep state changes in the viewclass with associated data,
they can be explicitly stored in the RecycleView's data object
'''
def store_checkbox_state(self):
rv = App.get_running_app().rv
rv.data[self.index]['active'] = self.active
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class RV(RecycleView, App):

self.data = [{'text': str(x), 'active': False} for x in range(10)]
App.get_running_app().rv = self
def build(self):
return self
if __name__ == '__main__':
RV().run()
TODO:
• Method to clear cached class instances.
• Test when views cannot be found (e.g. viewclass is None).
• Fix selection goto.
Warning: When views are re-used they may not trigger if the data remains the same.
class kivy.uix.recycleview.RecycleView(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.recycleview.RecycleViewBehavior, kivy.uix.scrollview.
ScrollView
RecycleView is a flexible view for providing a limited window into a large data set.
See the module documentation for more information.
add_widget(widget, *args, **kwargs)
Add a new widget as a child of this widget.
Parameters
widget: Widget Widget to add to our list of children.
index: int, defaults to 0 Index to insert the widget in the list. Notice that
the default of 0 means the widget is inserted at the beginning of the
list and will thus be drawn on top of other sibling widgets. For a full
discussion of the index and widget hierarchy, please see the Widgets Pro-
gramming Guide.
canvas: str, defaults to None Canvas to add widget’s canvas to. Can be
‘before’, ‘after’ or None for the default canvas.
>>> from kivy.uix.button import Button

>>> from kivy.uix.slider import Slider
>>> root = Widget()
>>> root.add_widget(Button())
>>> slider = Slider()
>>> root.add_widget(slider)
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data
The data used by the current view adapter. This is a list of dicts whose keys map to the
corresponding property names of the viewclass.
data is an AliasProperty that gets and sets the data used to generate the views.
key_viewclass
key_viewclass is an AliasProperty that gets and sets the key viewclass for the current
layout_manager.
remove_widget(widget, *args, **kwargs)
Remove a widget from the children of this widget.
Parameters
widget: Widget Widget to remove from our children list.

>>> root = Widget()
>>> button = Button()
>>> root.add_widget(button)
>>> root.remove_widget(button)
viewclass
The viewclass used by the current layout_manager.
viewclass is an AliasProperty that gets and sets the class used to generate the individual
items presented in the view.
class kivy.uix.recycleview.RecycleViewBehavior(**kwargs)
RecycleViewBehavior provides a behavioral model upon which the RecycleView is built. To-
gether, they offer an extensible and flexible way to produce views with limited windows over
large data sets.
See the module documentation for more information.
data_model
The Data model responsible for maintaining the data set.
data_model is an AliasProperty that gets and sets the current data model.
layout_manager
The Layout manager responsible for positioning views within the RecycleView.
layout_manager is an AliasProperty that gets and sets the layout_manger.
refresh_from_data(*largs, **kwargs)
This should be called when data changes. Data changes typically indicate that everything
should be recomputed since the source data changed.
This method is automatically bound to the on_data_changed method of the
RecycleDataModelBehavior class and therefore responds to and accepts the keyword
arguments of that event.
It can be called manually to trigger an update.
refresh_from_layout(*largs, **kwargs)
This should be called when the layout changes or needs to change. It is typically called when
a layout parameter has changed and therefore the layout needs to be recomputed.
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refresh_from_viewport(*largs)
This should be called when the viewport changes and the displayed data must be updated.
Neither the data nor the layout will be recomputed.
view_adapter
The adapter responsible for providing views that represent items in a data set.
view_adapter is an AliasProperty that gets and sets the current view adapter.
45.2.2 RecycleView Data Model

The data model part of the RecycleView model-view-controller pattern.
It defines the models (classes) that store the data associated with a RecycleViewBehavior.
Each model (class) determines how the data is stored and emits requests to the controller
(RecycleViewBehavior) when the data is modified.
class kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel.RecycleDataModel(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel.RecycleDataModelBehavior, kivy.
event.EventDispatcher
An implementation of RecycleDataModelBehavior that keeps the data in a indexable list. See
data.
When data changes this class currently dispatches on_data_changed with one of the following ad-
ditional keyword arguments.
none: no keyword argument With no additional argument it means a generic data change.
removed: a slice or integer The value is a slice or integer indicating the indices removed.
appended: a slice The slice in data indicating the first and last new items (i.e. the slice pointing
to the new items added at the end).
inserted: a integer The index in data where a new data item was inserted.
modified: a slice The slice with the indices where the data has been modified. This currently does
not allow changing of size etc.
attach_recycleview(rv)
Associates a RecycleViewBehavior with this data model.
data
Stores the model’s data using a list.
The data for a item at index i can also be accessed with RecycleDataModel [i].
detach_recycleview()
Removes the RecycleViewBehavior associated with this data model.
property observable_dict
A dictionary instance, which when modified will trigger a data and consequently an
on_data_changed dispatch.
class kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel.RecycleDataModelBehavior
RecycleDataModelBehavior is the base class for the models that describes and provides the
data for the RecycleViewBehavior.
Events
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on_data_changed: Fired when the data changes. The event may dispatch
keyword arguments specific to each implementation of the data model.
When dispatched, the event and keyword arguments are forwarded to
refresh_from_data().
Associates a RecycleViewBehavior with this data model.
Removes the RecycleViewBehavior associated with this data model.
recycleview
The RecycleViewBehavior instance associated with this data model.
45.2.3 RecycleView Layouts

The Layouts handle the presentation of views for the RecycleView.
Warning: This module is highly experimental, its API may change in the future and the documen-
tation is not complete at this time.
exception kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.LayoutChangeException
Bases: Exception
class kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.LayoutSelectionBehavior(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelectionBehavior
The LayoutSelectionBehavior can be combined with RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior
to allow its derived classes selection behaviors similarly to how CompoundSelectionBehavior
can be used to add selection behaviors to normal layout.
RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior manages its children differently than normal layouts or
widgets so this class adapts CompoundSelectionBehavior based selection to work with
RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior as well.
Similarly to CompoundSelectionBehavior, one can select using the keyboard or touch, which
calls select_node() or deselect_node(), or one can call these methods directly. When a
item is selected or deselected apply_selection() is called. See apply_selection().
apply_selection(index, view, is_selected)
Applies the selection to the view. This is called internally when a view is displayed and it
needs to be shown as selected or as not selected.
It is called when select_node() or deselect_node() is called or when a view needs to
be refreshed. Its function is purely to update the view to reflect the selection state. So the
function may be called multiple times even if the selection state may not have changed.
If the view is a instance of RecycleDataViewBehavior, its apply_selection()
method will be called every time the view needs to refresh the selection state. Otherwise,
the this method is responsible for applying the selection.
Parameters
index: int The index of the data item that is associated with the view.
view: widget The widget that is the view of this data item.
is_selected: bool Whether the item is selected.
556
deselect_node(node)
Parameters
written.

Parameters
557
get selectable_nodes() list. Returning (last_node, last_node_idx) indi-
_
key_selection
The key used to check whether a view of a data item can be selected with touch or the key-
board.
key_selection is the key in data, which if present and True will enable selection for this
item from the keyboard or with a touch. When None, the default, not item will be selectable.
key_selection is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
Note: All data items can be selected directly using select_node() or

deselect node(), even if key_selection is False.
_
select_node(node)
Selects a node.
Parameters
written.
class kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior
A RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior is responsible for positioning views into the RecycleView.
data within a RecycleView. It adds new views into the data when it becomes visible to the
user, and removes them when they leave the visible area.
compute_visible_views(data, viewport)
viewport is in coordinates of the layout manager.
get_view_index_at(pos)
Return the view index on which position, pos, falls.
pos is in coordinates of the layout manager.
goto_view(index)
Moves the views so that the view corresponding to index is visible.
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key_viewclass
See RecyclerView.key_viewclass.
refresh_view_layout(index, layout, view, viewport)
See :meth:`~kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataAdapter.refresh_view_layout.
set_visible_views(indices, data, viewport)
viewclass
See RecyclerView.viewclass.
45.2.4 RecycleView Views

The adapter part of the RecycleView which together with the layout is the view part of the model-view-
controller pattern.
The view module handles converting the data to a view using the adapter class which is then displayed
by the layout. A view can be any Widget based class. However, inheriting from RecycleDataViewBe-
havior adds methods for converting the data to a view.
TODO:
• Make view caches specific to each view class type.
class kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataAdapter(**kwargs)
The class that converts data to a view.
— Internal details — A view can have 3 states.
• It can be completely in sync with the data, which occurs when the view is displayed. These
are stored in views.
• It can be dirty, which occurs when the view is in sync with the data, except for the size/pos
parameters which is controlled by the layout. This occurs when the view is not currently
displayed but the data has not changed. These views are stored in dirty_views.
• Finally the view can be dead which occurs when the data changes and the view was not
updated or when a view is just created. Such views are typically added to the internal cache.
Typically what happens is that the layout manager lays out the data and then asks for views, using
set_visible_views,() for some specific data items that it displays.
These views are gotten from the current views, dirty or global cache. Then depending on the view
state refresh_view_attrs() is called to bring the view up to date with the data (except for
sizing parameters). Finally, the layout manager gets these views, updates their size and displays
them.
Associates a RecycleViewBehavior with this instance. It is stored in recycleview.
create_view(index, data_item, viewclass)
(internal) Creates and initializes the view for the data at index.
The returned view is synced with the data, except for the pos/size information.
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Removes the RecycleViewBehavior associated with this instance and clears
recycleview.
get_view(index, data_item, viewclass)
(internal) Returns a view instance for the data at index
It looks through the various caches and finally creates a view if it doesn’t exist. The returned
view is synced with the data, except for the pos/size information.
If found in the cache it’s removed from the source before returning. It doesn’t check the
current views.
get_visible_view(index)
Returns the currently visible view associated with index.
If no view is currently displayed for index it returns None.
invalidate()
Moves all the current views into the global cache.
As opposed to making a view dirty where the view is in sync with the data except for sizing
information, this will completely disconnect the view from the data, as it is assumed the data
has gone out of sync with the view.
This is typically called when the data changes.
make_view_dirty(view, index)
(internal) Used to flag this view as dirty, ready to be used for others. See
make_views_dirty().
make_views_dirty()
Makes all the current views dirty.
Dirty views are still in sync with the corresponding data. However, the size information may
go out of sync. Therefore a dirty view can be reused by the same index by just updating the
sizing information.
Once the underlying data of this index changes, the view should be removed from the dirty
views and moved to the global cache with invalidate().
This is typically called when the layout manager needs to re-layout all the data.
recycleview
The RecycleViewBehavior associated with this instance.
refresh_view_attrs(index, data_item, view)
(internal) Syncs the view and brings it up to date with the data.
This method calls RecycleDataViewBehavior.refresh_view_attrs() if the view in-
herits from RecycleDataViewBehavior. See that method for more details.
Note: Any sizing and position info is skipped when syncing with the data.

Updates the sizing information of the view.
This method calls RecycleDataViewBehavior.refresh_view_attrs() if the view in-
herits from RecycleDataViewBehavior. See that method for more details.
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Note: Any sizing and position info is skipped when syncing with the data.
set_visible_views(indices, data, viewclasses)

Gets a 3-tuple of the new, remaining, and old views for the current viewport.
The new views are synced to the data except for the size/pos properties. The old views need
to be removed from the layout, and the new views added.
The new views are not necessarily new, but are all the currently visible views.
class kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataViewBehavior
A optional base class for data views (RecycleView.viewclass). If a view inherits from this class,
the class’s functions will be called when the view needs to be updated due to a data change or
layout update.
refresh_view_attrs(rv, index, data)
Called by the RecycleAdapter when the view is initially populated with the values from
the data dictionary for this item.
Any pos or size info should be removed because they are set subsequently with
refresh_view_layout.
Parameters
rv: RecycleView instance The RecycleView that caused the update.
data: dict The data dict used to populate this view.
refresh_view_layout(rv, index, layout, viewport)
Called when the view’s size is updated by the layout manager,
RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior.
Parameters
viewport: 4-tuple The coordinates of the bottom left and width height in layout
manager coordinates. This may be larger than this view item.
Raises LayoutChangeException: If the sizing or data changed during a call to this
method, raising a LayoutChangeException exception will force a refresh. Useful
when data changed and we don’t want to layout further since it’ll be overwritten
again soon.
class kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleKVIDsDataViewBehavior
Bases: kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataViewBehavior
Similar to RecycleDataViewBehavior, except that the data keys can signify properties of an
object named with an id in the root KV rule.
E.g. given a KV rule:
<MyRule@RecycleKVIDsDataViewBehavior+BoxLayout>:
Label:
id: name
Label:
id: value
Then setting the data list with rv.data = [{'name.text': 'Kivy user', 'value.
text': '12'}] would automatically set the corresponding labels.
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So, if the key doesn’t have a period, the named property of the root widget will be set to the
corresponding value. If there is a period, the named property of the widget with the id listed
before the period will be set to the corresponding value.
refresh_view_attrs(rv, index, data)
Called by the RecycleAdapter when the view is initially populated with the values from
the data dictionary for this item.
Any pos or size info should be removed because they are set subsequently with
refresh_view_layout.
Parameters
data: dict The data dict used to populate this view.
45.3 Accordion
The Accordion widget is a form of menu where the options are stacked either vertically or horizontally
and the item in focus (when touched) opens up to display its content.
The Accordion should contain one or many AccordionItem instances, each of which should contain
one root content widget. You’ll end up with a Tree something like this:
• Accordion
– AccordionItem
* YourContent
– AccordionItem
* BoxLayout
· Another user content 1
· Another user content 2
– AccordionItem
* Another user content

The current implementation divides the AccordionItem into two parts:
1. One container for the title bar
2. One container for the content
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The title bar is made from a Kv template. We’ll see how to create a new template to customize the
design of the title bar.
Warning: If you see message like:

[WARNING] [Accordion] not have enough space for displaying all children
[WARNING] [Accordion] need 440px, got 100px
[WARNING] [Accordion] layout aborted.
That means you have too many children and there is no more space to display the content. This is
“normal” and nothing will be done. Try to increase the space for the accordion or reduce the number
of children. You can also reduce the Accordion.min_space.
45.3.1 Simple example
from kivy.uix.accordion import Accordion, AccordionItem

class AccordionApp(App):
def build(self):
root = Accordion()
for x in range(5):
item = AccordionItem(title='Title %d' % x)
item.add_widget(Label(text='Very big content\n' * 10))
root.add_widget(item)
return root
if __name__ == '__main__':
AccordionApp().run()
45.3.2 Customize the accordion
You can increase the default size of the title bar:
root = Accordion(min_space=60)
Or change the orientation to vertical:
root = Accordion(orientation='vertical')
The AccordionItem is more configurable and you can set your own title background when the item is
collapsed or opened:
item = AccordionItem(background_normal='image_when_collapsed.png',
background_selected='image_when_selected.png')
class kivy.uix.accordion.Accordion(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.widget.Widget
Accordion class. See module documentation for more information.
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Parameters
gramming Guide.

>>> root = Widget()
anim_duration
Duration of the animation in seconds when a new accordion item is selected.
anim_duration is a NumericProperty and defaults to .25 (250ms).
anim_func
Easing function to use for the animation. Check kivy.animation.
AnimationTransition for more information about available animation functions.
anim_func is an ObjectProperty and defaults to ‘out_expo’. You can set a string or a
function to use as an easing function.
min_space
Minimum space to use for the title of each item. This value is automatically set for each child
every time the layout event occurs.
min_space is a NumericProperty and defaults to 44 (px).
orientation
Orientation of the layout.
orientation is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘horizontal’. Can take a value of
‘vertical’ or ‘horizontal’.
exception kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionException
Bases: Exception
AccordionException class.
class kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.floatlayout.FloatLayout
AccordionItem class that must be used in conjunction with the Accordion class. See the module
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accordion
Instance of the Accordion that the item belongs to.
accordion is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
add_widget(*args, **kwargs)
Parameters
gramming Guide.

>>> root = Widget()
background_disabled_normal
Background image of the accordion item used for the default graphical representation when
the item is collapsed and disabled.
background__disabled_normal is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/button_disabled’.
background_disabled_selected
the item is selected (not collapsed) and disabled.
background_disabled_selected is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/button_disabled_pressed’.
background_normal
the item is collapsed.
background_normal is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/button’.
background_selected
the item is selected (not collapsed).
las://data/images/defaulttheme/button_pressed’.
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collapse
Boolean to indicate if the current item is collapsed or not.
collapse is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
collapse_alpha
Value between 0 and 1 to indicate how much the item is collapsed (1) or whether it is selected
(0). It’s mostly used for animation.
collapse_alpha is a NumericProperty and defaults to 1.
container
(internal) Property that will be set to the container of children inside the AccordionItem rep-
resentation.
container_title
(internal) Property that will be set to the container of title inside the AccordionItem repre-
sentation.
content_size
(internal) Set by the Accordion to the size allocated for the content.
min_space
Link to the Accordion.min_space property.
Parameters
orientation
Link to the Accordion.orientation property.
remove_widget(*args, **kwargs)
Parameters

>>> root = Widget()
title
Title string of the item. The title might be used in conjunction with the AccordionItemTitle
template. If you are using a custom template, you can use that property as a text entry, or
not. By default, it’s used for the title text. See title_template and the example below.
title is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘’.
title_args
Default arguments that will be passed to the kivy.lang.Builder.template() method.
title_args is a DictProperty and defaults to {}.
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title_template
Template to use for creating the title part of the accordion item. The default template is a sim-
ple Label, not customizable (except the text) that supports vertical and horizontal orientation
and different backgrounds for collapse and selected mode.
It’s better to create and use your own template if the default template does not suffice.
title is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘AccordionItemTitle’. The current default tem-
plate lives in the kivy/data/style.kv file.
Here is the code if you want to build your own template:
[AccordionItemTitle@Label]:
text: ctx.title
canvas.before:
Color:
rgb: 1, 1, 1
BorderImage:
source:
ctx.item.background_normal
,→if ctx.item.collapse else ctx.item.
,→background_selected
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
PushMatrix
Translate:
xy: self.center_x, self.center_y
Rotate:
angle: 90 if ctx.item.orientation == 'horizontal' else
,→0
axis: 0, 0, 1
Translate:
xy: -self.center_x, -self.center_y
canvas.after:
PopMatrix
45.4 Action Bar

The ActionBar widget is like Android’s ActionBar, where items are stacked horizontally. When the area
becomes to small, widgets are moved into the ActionOverflow area.
An ActionBar contains an ActionView with various ContextualActionViews. An ActionView
will contain an ActionPrevious having title, app_icon and previous_icon properties. An
ActionView will contain subclasses of ActionItems. Some predefined ones include an
ActionButton, an ActionToggleButton, an ActionCheck, an ActionSeparator and an
ActionGroup.
An ActionGroup is used to display ActionItems in a group. An ActionView will always display
an ActionGroup after other ActionItems. An ActionView contains an ActionOverflow, but
this is only made visible when required i.e. the available area is too small to fit all the widgets. A
ContextualActionView is a subclass of an:class:ActionView.
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Changed in version 1.10.1: ActionGroup core rewritten from Spinner to pure DropDown
class kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionBar(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.boxlayout.BoxLayout
ActionBar class, which acts as the main container for an ActionView instance. The ActionBar
determines the overall styling aspects of the bar. ActionItems are not added to this class directly,
but to the contained ActionView instance.
Events
on_previous Fired when action_previous of action_view is pressed.
Please see the module documentation for more information.
action_view
action_view of the ActionBar.
action_view is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None or the last ActionView instance
added to the ActionBar.
Changed in version 2.1.0: Renamed argument view to widget.
background_color
Background color, in the format (r, g, b, a).
background_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [1, 1, 1, 1].
background_image
Background image of the ActionBars default graphical representation.
background_image is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/action_bar’.
border
The border to be applied to the background_image.
border is a ListProperty and defaults to [2, 2, 2, 2]
exception kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionBarException
Bases: Exception
ActionBarException class
class kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionButton(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.button.Button, kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionItem
ActionButton class, see module documentation for more information.
The text color, width and size_hint_x are set manually via the Kv language file. It covers a lot
of cases: with/without an icon, with/without a group and takes care of the padding between
elements.
You don’t have much control over these properties, so if you want to customize its appearance,
we suggest you create you own button representation. You can do this by creating a class that
subclasses an existing widget and an ActionItem:
class MyOwnActionButton(Button, ActionItem):

pass
You can then create your own style using the Kv language.
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icon
Source image to use when the Button is part of the ActionBar. If the Button is in a group, the
text will be preferred.
icon is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
class kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionCheck(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionItem, kivy.uix.checkbox.CheckBox
ActionCheck class, see module documentation for more information.
class kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionDropDown(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown
ActionDropDown class, see module documentation for more information.
class kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionGroup(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionItem, kivy.uix.button.Button
ActionGroup class, see module documentation for more information.
Changed in version 2.1.0: Renamed argument item to widget.
clear_widgets(*args, **kwargs)
Remove all (or the specified) children of this widget. If the ‘children’ argument is specified,
it should be a list (or filtered list) of children of the current widget.
Changed in version 1.8.0: The children argument can be used to specify the children you want
to remove.
Changed in version 2.1.0: Specifying an empty children list leaves the widgets unchanged.
Previously it was treated like None and all children were removed.
dropdown_width
If non zero, provides the width for the associated DropDown. This is useful when some
items in the ActionGroup’s DropDown are wider than usual and you don’t want to make the
ActionGroup widget itself wider.
dropdown_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
is_open
By default, the DropDown is not open. Set to True to open it.
is_open is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
mode
Sets the current mode of an ActionGroup. If mode is ‘normal’, the ActionGroups children
will be displayed normally if there is enough space, otherwise they will be displayed in a
spinner. If mode is ‘spinner’, then the children will always be displayed in a spinner.
mode is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘normal’.
separator_image
Background Image for an ActionSeparator in an ActionView.
separator_image is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/separator’.
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separator_width
Width of the ActionSeparator in an ActionView.
separator_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
use_separator
Specifies whether to use a separator after/before this group or not.
use_separator is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
class kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionItem
ActionItem class, an abstract class for all ActionBar widgets. To create a custom widget for an
ActionBar, inherit from this class. See module documentation for more information.
background_down
Background image of the ActionItem used for the default graphical representation when an
ActionItem is pressed.
background_down is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/action_item_down’.
background_normal
Background image of the ActionItem used for the default graphical representation when the
ActionItem is not pressed.
las://data/images/defaulttheme/action_item’.
important
Determines if an ActionItem is important or not. If an item is important and space is limited,
this item will be displayed in preference to others.
important is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
inside_group
(internal) Determines if an ActionItem is displayed inside an ActionGroup or not.
inside_group is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
minimum_width
Minimum Width required by an ActionItem.
minimum_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to ’90sp’.
mipmap
Defines whether the image/icon dispayed on top of the button uses a mipmap or not.
mipmap is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
pack_width
(read-only) The actual width to use when packing the items. Equal to the greater of mini-
mum_width and width.
pack_width is an AliasProperty.
class kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionOverflow(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionGroup
ActionOverflow class, see module documentation for more information.
add_widget(widget, index=0, *args, **kwargs)
Changed in version 2.1.0: Renamed argument action_item to widget.
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overflow_image
Image to be used as an Overflow Image.
overflow_image is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/overflow’.
class kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionPrevious(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.boxlayout.BoxLayout, kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionItem
ActionPrevious class, see module documentation for more information.
app_icon
Application icon for the ActionView.
app_icon is a StringProperty and defaults to the window icon if set, otherwise
‘data/logo/kivy-icon-32.png’.
app_icon_height
Height of app_icon image.
app_icon_height is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
app_icon_width
Width of app_icon image.
app_icon_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
color
Text color, in the format (r, g, b, a)
color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [1, 1, 1, 1].
markup
If True, the text will be rendered using the MarkupLabel: you can change the style of the
text using tags. Check the Text Markup documentation for more information.
markup is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
previous_image
Image for the ‘previous’ ActionButtons default graphical representation.
previous_image is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/previous_normal’.
previous_image_height
Height of previous_image image.
app_icon_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
previous_image_width
Width of previous_image image.
width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
title
Title for ActionView.
title is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘’.
with_previous
Specifies whether the previous_icon will be shown or not. Note that it is up to the user to
implement the desired behavior using the on_press or similar events.
with_previous is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
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class kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionSeparator(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionItem, kivy.uix.widget.Widget
ActionSeparator class, see module documentation for more information.
background_image
Background image for the separators default graphical representation.
las://data/images/defaulttheme/separator’.
class kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionToggleButton(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionItem, kivy.uix.togglebutton.ToggleButton
ActionToggleButton class, see module documentation for more information.
icon
Source image to use when the Button is part of the ActionBar. If the Button is in a group, the
text will be preferred.
class kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionView(**kwargs)
ActionView class, see module documentation for more information.
action_previous
Previous button for an ActionView.
action_previous is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
Changed in version 2.1.0: Renamed argument action_item to widget.
background_color
Background color in the format (r, g, b, a).
background_image
Background image of an ActionViews default graphical representation.
las://data/images/defaulttheme/action_view’.
overflow_group
Widget to be used for the overflow.
overflow_group is an ObjectProperty and defaults to an instance of
ActionOverflow.
Parameters

>>> root = Widget()
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use_separator
Specify whether to use a separator before every ActionGroup or not.
use_separator is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
class kivy.uix.actionbar.ContextualActionView(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionView
ContextualActionView class, see the module documentation for more information.
45.5 Anchor Layout
The AnchorLayout aligns its children to a border (top, bottom, left, right) or center.
To draw a button in the lower-right corner:
layout = AnchorLayout(
anchor_x='right', anchor_y='bottom')
btn = Button(text='Hello World')
layout.add_widget(btn)
class kivy.uix.anchorlayout.AnchorLayout(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.layout.Layout
Anchor layout class. See the module documentation for more information.
anchor_x
Horizontal anchor.
anchor_x is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘center’. It accepts values of ‘left’, ‘center’
or ‘right’.
anchor_y
Vertical anchor.
anchor_y is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘center’. It accepts values of ‘top’, ‘center’
or ‘bottom’.
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do_layout(*largs)
This function is called when a layout is called by a trigger. If you are writing a new Layout
subclass, don’t call this function directly but use _trigger_layout() instead.
The function is by default called before the next frame, therefore the layout isn’t updated
immediately. Anything depending on the positions of e.g. children should be scheduled for
the next frame.
padding
Padding between the widget box and its children, in pixels: [padding_left, padding_top,
padding_right, padding_bottom].
padding also accepts a two argument form [padding_horizontal, padding_vertical] and a
one argument form [padding].
padding is a VariableListProperty and defaults to [0, 0, 0, 0].
45.6 Box Layout
BoxLayout arranges children in a vertical or horizontal box.

To position widgets above/below each other, use a vertical BoxLayout:
layout = BoxLayout(orientation='vertical')
btn1 = Button(text='Hello')
btn2 = Button(text='World')
layout.add_widget(btn1)
To position widgets next to each other, use a horizontal BoxLayout. In this example, we use 10 pixel
spacing between children; the first button covers 70% of the horizontal space, the second covers 30%:
layout = BoxLayout(spacing=10)
btn1 = Button(text='Hello', size_hint=(.7, 1))
btn2 = Button(text='World', size_hint=(.3, 1))
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Position hints are partially working, depending on the orientation:
• If the orientation is vertical: x, right and center_x will be used.
• If the orientation is horizontal: y, top and center_y will be used.
Kv Example:
BoxLayout:
Label:
text: 'this on top'
Label:
text: 'this right aligned'
size_hint_x: None
pos_hint: {'right': 1}
Label:
text: 'this on bottom'
You can check the examples/widgets/boxlayout_poshint.py for a live example.
Note: The size_hint uses the available space after subtracting all the fixed-size widgets. For example, if
you have a layout that is 800px wide, and add three buttons like this:
btn1 = Button(text='Hello', size=(200, 100), size_hint=(None, None))

btn2 = Button(text='Kivy', size_hint=(.5, 1))
btn3 = Button(text='World', size_hint=(.5, 1))
The first button will be 200px wide as specified, the second and third will be 300px each, e.g. (800-200)
* 0.5
Changed in version 1.4.1: Added support for pos_hint.

class kivy.uix.boxlayout.BoxLayout(**kwargs)
Box layout class. See module documentation for more information.
Parameters
gramming Guide.
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>>> root = Widget()
do_layout(*largs)
the next frame.
minimum_height
Automatically computed minimum height needed to contain all children.
minimum_height is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0. It is read only.
minimum_size
Automatically computed minimum size needed to contain all children.
minimum_size is a ReferenceListProperty of (minimum_width, minimum_height)
properties. It is read only.
minimum_width
Automatically computed minimum width needed to contain all children.
minimum_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0. It is read only.
orientation
orientation is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘horizontal’. Can be ‘vertical’ or
‘horizontal’.
padding
Padding between layout box and children: [padding_left, padding_top, padding_right,
padding_bottom].
Changed in version 1.7.0: Replaced NumericProperty with VariableListProperty.
Parameters
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>>> root = Widget()
spacing
Spacing between children, in pixels.
spacing is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
45.7 Bubble
The Bubble widget is a form of menu or a small popup where the menu options are stacked either
vertically or horizontally.
The Bubble contains an arrow pointing in the direction you choose.
'''
Bubble
======
Test of the widget Bubble.

'''

from kivy.uix.bubble import Bubble
<cut_copy_paste>
size_hint: (None, None)
size: (160, 120)
pos_hint: {'center_x': .5, 'y': .6}
BubbleButton:
text: 'Cut'
BubbleButton:
text: 'Copy'
BubbleButton:
text: 'Paste'
''')
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class cut_copy_paste(Bubble):
pass
class BubbleShowcase(FloatLayout):

super(BubbleShowcase, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.but_bubble = Button(text='Press to show bubble')
self.but_bubble.bind(on_release=self.show_bubble)
self.add_widget(self.but_bubble)
def show_bubble(self, *l):

if not hasattr(self, 'bubb'):
self.bubb = bubb = cut_copy_paste()
self.add_widget(bubb)
else:
values = ('left_top', 'left_mid', 'left_bottom', 'top_left',
'top_mid', 'top_right', 'right_top', 'right_mid',
'right_bottom', 'bottom_left', 'bottom_mid', 'bottom_right
,→ ')
index = values.index(self.bubb.arrow_pos)
self.bubb.arrow_pos = values[(index + 1) % len(values)]
class TestBubbleApp(App):
def build(self):
return BubbleShowcase()
if __name__ == '__main__':
TestBubbleApp().run()
45.7.2 Customize the Bubble
You can choose the direction in which the arrow points:
Bubble(arrow_pos='top_mid')
The widgets added to the Bubble are ordered horizontally by default, like a Boxlayout. You can change
that by:
orientation = 'vertical'
To add items to the bubble:
bubble = Bubble(orientation = 'vertical')

bubble.add_widget(your_widget_instance)
To remove items:
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bubble.remove_widget(widget)
or
bubble.clear_widgets()
To access the list of children, use content.children:
bubble.content.children
Warning: This is important! Do not use bubble.children
To change the appearance of the bubble:
bubble.background_color = (1, 0, 0, .5) #50% translucent red

bubble.border = [0, 0, 0, 0]
background_image = 'path/to/background/image'
arrow_image = 'path/to/arrow/image'
class kivy.uix.bubble.Bubble(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout
Bubble class. See module documentation for more information.
Parameters
gramming Guide.

>>> root = Widget()
arrow_image
Image of the arrow pointing to the bubble.
arrow_image is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/bubble_arrow’.
arrow_pos
Specifies the position of the arrow relative to the bubble. Can be one of: left_top, left_mid,
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left_bottom top_left, top_mid, top_right right_top, right_mid, right_bottom bottom_left, bot-
tom_mid, bottom_right.
arrow_pos is a OptionProperty and defaults to ‘bottom_mid’.
background_color
Background color, in the format (r, g, b, a). To use it you have to set either
background_image or arrow_image first.
background_image
Background image of the bubble.
las://data/images/defaulttheme/bubble’.
border
Border used for BorderImage graphics instruction. Used with the background_image. It
should be used when using custom backgrounds.
It must be a list of 4 values: (bottom, right, top, left). Read the BorderImage instructions for
more information about how to use it.
border is a ListProperty and defaults to (16, 16, 16, 16)
border_auto_scale
Specifies the kivy.graphics.BorderImage.auto_scale value on the background Bor-
derImage.
border_auto_scale is a OptionProperty and defaults to ‘both_lower’.
to remove.
content
This is the object where the main content of the bubble is held.
content is a ObjectProperty and defaults to ‘None’.
limit_to
Specifies the widget to which the bubbles position is restricted.
limit_to is a ObjectProperty and defaults to ‘None’.
orientation
This specifies the manner in which the children inside bubble are arranged. Can be one of
orientation is a OptionProperty and defaults to ‘horizontal’.
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Parameters

>>> root = Widget()
show_arrow
Indicates whether to show arrow.
show_arrow is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
class kivy.uix.bubble.BubbleButton(**kwargs)
A button intended for use in a Bubble widget. You can use a “normal” button class, but it will not
look good unless the background is changed.
Rather use this BubbleButton widget that is already defined and provides a suitable background
for you.
class kivy.uix.bubble.BubbleContent(**kwargs)
45.8 Button
The Button is a Label with associated actions that are triggered when the button is pressed (or re-
leased after a click/touch). To configure the button, the same properties (padding, font_size, etc) and
sizing system are used as for the Label class:
button = Button(text='Hello world', font_size=14)
To attach a callback when the button is pressed (clicked/touched), use bind:
def callback(instance):
print('The button <%s> is being pressed' % instance.text)
btn1 = Button(text='Hello world 1')

btn1.bind(on_press=callback)
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btn2.bind(on_press=callback)
If you want to be notified every time the button state changes, you can bind to the Button.state
property:

print('My button <%s> state is <%s>' % (instance, value))
btn1.bind(state=callback)
Kv Example:
Button:
text: 'press me'
on_press: print("ouch! More gently please")
on_release: print("ahhh")
on_state:
print("my current state is {}".format(self.state))
class kivy.uix.button.Button(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.behaviors.button.ButtonBehavior, kivy.uix.label.Label
Button class, see module documentation for more information.
Changed in version 1.8.0: The behavior / logic of the button has been moved to
ButtonBehaviors.
background_color
This acts as a multiplier to the texture colour. The default texture is grey, so just setting the
background color will give a darker result. To set a plain color, set the background_normal
to ''.
The background_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [1, 1, 1, 1].
background_disabled_down
Background image of the button used for the default graphical representation when the but-
ton is disabled and pressed.
background_disabled_down is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/button_disabled_pressed’.
ton is disabled and not pressed.
background_disabled_normal is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/button_disabled’.
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background_down
ton is pressed.
background_down is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/button_pressed’.
background_normal
ton is not pressed.
las://data/images/defaulttheme/button’.
border
Border used for BorderImage graphics instruction. Used with background_normal and
background_down. Can be used for custom backgrounds.
It must be a list of four values: (bottom, right, top, left). Read the BorderImage instruction
for more information about how to use it.
45.9 Camera
The Camera widget is used to capture and display video from a camera. Once the widget is created,
the texture inside the widget will be automatically updated. Our CameraBase implementation is used
under the hood:
cam = Camera()
By default, the first camera found on your system is used. To use a different camera, set the index
property:
cam = Camera(index=1)
You can also select the camera resolution:
cam = Camera(resolution=(320, 240))
Warning: The camera texture is not updated as soon as you have created the object. The camera
initialization is asynchronous, so there may be a delay before the requested texture is created.
class kivy.uix.camera.Camera(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.image.Image
Camera class. See module documentation for more information.
index
Index of the used camera, starting from 0.
index is a NumericProperty and defaults to -1 to allow auto selection.
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play
Boolean indicating whether the camera is playing or not. You can start/stop the camera by
setting this property:
# start the camera playing at creation

cam = Camera(play=True)
# create the camera, and start later (default)

cam = Camera(play=False)
# and later
cam.play = True

resolution
Preferred resolution to use when invoking the camera. If you are using [-1, -1], the resolution
will be the default one:
# create a camera object with the best image available

cam = Camera()
# create a camera object with an image of 320x240 if possible

cam = Camera(resolution=(320, 240))
Warning: Depending on the implementation, the camera may not respect this property.
resolution is a ListProperty and defaults to [-1, -1].
45.10 Carousel

The Carousel widget provides the classic mobile-friendly carousel view where you can swipe between
slides. You can add any content to the carousel and have it move horizontally or vertically. The carousel
can display pages in a sequence or a loop.
Example:

from kivy.uix.carousel import Carousel
from kivy.uix.image import AsyncImage
class CarouselApp(App):
def build(self):
carousel = Carousel(direction='right')
for i in range(10):
src = "http://placehold.it/480x270.png&text=slide-%d&.png" % i
image = AsyncImage(source=src, allow_stretch=True)
carousel.add_widget(image)
return carousel
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CarouselApp().run()
Kv Example:
Carousel:
direction: 'right'
AsyncImage:
source: 'http://placehold.it/480x270.png&text=slide-1.png'
AsyncImage:
AsyncImage:
AsyncImage:
Changed in version 1.5.0: The carousel now supports active children, like the ScrollView.
It will detect a swipe gesture according to the Carousel.scroll_timeout and Carousel.
scroll_distance properties.
In addition, the slide container is no longer exposed by the API. The impacted properties are
Carousel.slides, Carousel.current_slide, Carousel.previous_slide and Carousel.
next_slide.
class kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.stencilview.StencilView
Carousel class. See module documentation for more information.
Parameters
gramming Guide.

>>> root = Widget()
anim_cancel_duration
Defines the duration of the animation when a swipe movement is not accepted. This is gen-
erally when the user does not make a large enough swipe. See min_move.
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anim_cancel_duration is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.3.
anim_move_duration
Defines the duration of the Carousel animation between pages.
anim_move_duration is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.5.
anim_type
Type of animation to use while animating to the next/previous slide. This should be the
name of an AnimationTransition function.
anim_type is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘out_quad’.
clear_widgets(children=None, *args, **kwargs)
to remove.
current_slide
The currently shown slide.
current_slide is an AliasProperty.
Changed in version 1.5.0: The property no longer exposes the slides container. It returns the
widget you have added.
direction
Specifies the direction in which the slides are ordered. This corresponds to the direction from
which the user swipes to go from one slide to the next. It can be right, left, top, or bottom. For
example, with the default value of right, the second slide is to the right of the first and the
user would swipe from the right towards the left to get to the second slide.
direction is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘right’.
ignore_perpendicular_swipes
Ignore swipes on axis perpendicular to direction.
ignore_perpendicular_swipes is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
index
Get/Set the current slide based on the index.
index is an AliasProperty and defaults to 0 (the first item).
load_next(mode='next')
Animate to the next slide.
load_previous()
Animate to the previous slide.
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load_slide(slide)
Animate to the slide that is passed as the argument.
loop
Allow the Carousel to loop infinitely. If True, when the user tries to swipe beyond last page,
it will return to the first. If False, it will remain on the last page.
loop is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
min_move
Defines the minimum distance to be covered before the touch is considered a swipe gesture
and the Carousel content changed. This is a expressed as a fraction of the Carousel’s width. If
the movement doesn’t reach this minimum value, the movement is cancelled and the content
is restored to its original position.
min_move is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.2.
next_slide
The next slide in the Carousel. It is None if the current slide is the last slide in the Carousel.
This ordering reflects the order in which the slides are added: their presentation varies ac-
cording to the direction property.
next_slide is an AliasProperty.
Changed in version 1.5.0: The property no longer exposes the slides container. It returns the
Parameters
on_touch_up(touch)
previous_slide
The previous slide in the Carousel. It is None if the current slide is the first slide in the
Carousel. This ordering reflects the order in which the slides are added: their presentation
varies according to the direction property.
previous_slide is an AliasProperty.
Changed in version 1.5.0: This property no longer exposes the slides container. It returns the
Parameters
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>>> root = Widget()
scroll_distance
Distance to move before scrolling the Carousel in pixels. As soon as the distance has been
traveled, the Carousel will start to scroll, and no touch event will go to children. It is
advisable that you base this value on the dpi of your target device’s screen.
scroll_distance is a NumericProperty and defaults to 20dp.
scroll_timeout
Timeout allowed to trigger the scroll_distance, in milliseconds. If the user has not
moved scroll_distance within the timeout, no scrolling will occur and the touch event
will go to the children.
scroll_timeout is a NumericProperty and defaults to 200 (milliseconds)
slides
List of slides inside the Carousel. The slides are the widgets added to the Carousel using the
add_widget method.
slides is a ListProperty and is read-only.
45.11 CheckBox
CheckBox is a specific two-state button that can be either checked or unchecked. If the CheckBox is in
a Group, it becomes a Radio button. As with the ToggleButton, only one Radio button at a time can
be selected when the CheckBox.group is set.
An example usage:
from kivy.uix.checkbox import CheckBox
# ...
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def on_checkbox_active(checkbox, value):

if value:
print('The checkbox', checkbox, 'is active')
else:
print('The checkbox', checkbox, 'is inactive')
checkbox = CheckBox()
checkbox.bind(active=on_checkbox_active)
class kivy.uix.checkbox.CheckBox(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.behaviors.togglebutton.ToggleButtonBehavior, kivy.uix.
widget.Widget
CheckBox class, see module documentation for more information.
active
Indicates if the switch is active or inactive.
active is a boolean and reflects and sets whether the underlying state is ‘down’ (True)
or ‘normal’ (False). It is a AliasProperty, which accepts boolean values and defaults to
False.
Changed in version 1.11.0: It changed from a BooleanProperty to a AliasProperty.
background_checkbox_disabled_down
Background image of the checkbox used for the default graphical representation when the
checkbox is disabled and active.
background_checkbox_disabled_down is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/checkbox_disabled_on’.
background_checkbox_disabled_normal
checkbox is disabled and not active.
background_checkbox_disabled_normal is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/checkbox_disabled_off’.
background_checkbox_down
checkbox is active.
background_checkbox_down is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/checkbox_on’.
background_checkbox_normal
checkbox is not active.
background_checkbox_normal is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/checkbox_off’.
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background_radio_disabled_down
Background image of the radio button used for the default graphical representation when
the radio button is disabled and active.
background_radio_disabled_down is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/checkbox_radio_disabled_on’.
background_radio_disabled_normal
the radio button is disabled and not active.
background_radio_disabled_normal is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/checkbox_radio_disabled_off’.
background_radio_down
the radio button is active.
background_radio_down is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/checkbox_radio_on’.
background_radio_normal
the radio button is not active.
background_radio_normal is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/checkbox_radio_off’.
color
Color is used for tinting the default graphical representation of checkbox and radio button
(images).
Color is in the format (r, g, b, a).
color is a ColorProperty and defaults to ‘[1, 1, 1, 1]’.
45.12 Code Input

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Note: This widget requires pygments package to run. Install it with pip.
The CodeInput provides a box of editable highlighted text like the one shown in the image.
It supports all the features provided by the textinput as well as code highlighting for languages
supported by pygments along with KivyLexer for kivy.lang highlighting.
45.12.1 Usage example
To create a CodeInput with highlighting for KV language:
from kivy.uix.codeinput import CodeInput

from kivy.extras.highlight import KivyLexer
codeinput = CodeInput(lexer=KivyLexer())
To create a CodeInput with highlighting for Cython:
from kivy.uix.codeinput import CodeInput

from pygments.lexers import CythonLexer
codeinput = CodeInput(lexer=CythonLexer())
class kivy.uix.codeinput.CodeInput(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.behaviors.codenavigation.CodeNavigationBehavior, kivy.uix.
textinput.TextInput
CodeInput class, used for displaying highlighted code.
lexer
This holds the selected Lexer used by pygments to highlight the code.
lexer is an ObjectProperty and defaults to PythonLexer.
style
The pygments style object to use for formatting.
When style_name is set, this will be changed to the corresponding style object.
style is a ObjectProperty and defaults to None
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style_name
Name of the pygments style to use for formatting.
style_name is an OptionProperty and defaults to 'default'.
45.13 Color Picker

Warning: This widget is experimental. Its use and API can change at any time until this warning is
removed.
The ColorPicker widget allows a user to select a color from a chromatic wheel where pinch and zoom
can be used to change the wheel’s saturation. Sliders and TextInputs are also provided for entering the
RGBA/HSV/HEX values directly.
Usage:
clr_picker = ColorPicker()
parent.add_widget(clr_picker)
# To monitor changes, we can bind to color property changes

def on_color(instance, value):
print("RGBA = ", str(value)) # or instance.color
print("HSV = ", str(instance.hsv))
print("HEX = ", str(instance.hex_color))
clr_picker.bind(color=on_color)
class kivy.uix.colorpicker.ColorPicker(**kwargs)
See module documentation.
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color
The color holds the color currently selected in rgba format.
color is a ListProperty and defaults to (1, 1, 1, 1).
font_name
Specifies the font used on the ColorPicker.
font_name is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘data/fonts/RobotoMono-Regular.ttf’.
hex_color
The hex_color holds the currently selected color in hex.
hex_color is an AliasProperty and defaults to #ffffffff.
hsv
The hsv holds the color currently selected in hsv format.
hsv is a ListProperty and defaults to (1, 1, 1).
wheel
The wheel holds the color wheel.
wheel is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
class kivy.uix.colorpicker.ColorWheel(**kwargs)
Chromatic wheel for the ColorPicker.
Changed in version 1.7.1: font_size, font_name and foreground_color have been removed. The sizing
is now the same as others widget, based on ‘sp’. Orientation is also automatically determined
according to the width/height ratio.
a
The Alpha value of the color currently selected.
a is a BoundedNumericProperty and can be a value from 0 to 1.
b
The Blue value of the color currently selected.
b is a BoundedNumericProperty and can be a value from 0 to 1.
color
The holds the color currently selected.
color is a ReferenceListProperty and contains a list of r, g, b, a values.
g
The Green value of the color currently selected.
g is a BoundedNumericProperty and can be a value from 0 to 1.
Parameters
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on_touch_up(touch)
r
The Red value of the color currently selected.
r is a BoundedNumericProperty and can be a value from 0 to 1. It defaults to 0.
45.14 Drop-Down List

A versatile drop-down list that can be used with custom widgets. It allows you to display a list of
widgets under a displayed widget. Unlike other toolkits, the list of widgets can contain any type of
widget: simple buttons, images etc.
The positioning of the drop-down list is fully automatic: we will always try to place the dropdown list
in a way that the user can select an item in the list.
45.14.1 Basic example
A button with a dropdown list of 10 possible values. All the buttons within the dropdown list will
trigger the dropdown DropDown.select() method. After being called, the main button text will
display the selection of the dropdown.
from kivy.uix.dropdown import DropDown

# create a dropdown with 10 buttons

dropdown = DropDown()
for index in range(10):
# When adding widgets, we need to specify the height manually
# (disabling the size_hint_y) so the dropdown can calculate
# the area it needs.
btn = Button(text='Value %d' % index, size_hint_y=None, height=44)
# for each button, attach a callback that will call the select() method
# on the dropdown. We'll pass the text of the button as the data of the
# selection.
btn.bind(on_release=lambda btn: dropdown.select(btn.text))
# then add the button inside the dropdown

dropdown.add_widget(btn)
# create a big main button

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mainbutton = Button(text='Hello', size_hint=(None, None))
# show the dropdown menu when the main button is released

# note: all the bind() calls pass the instance of the caller (here, the
# mainbutton instance) as the first argument of the callback (here,
# dropdown.open.).
mainbutton.bind(on_release=dropdown.open)
# one last thing, listen for the selection in the dropdown list and
# assign the data to the button text.
dropdown.bind(on_select=lambda instance, x: setattr(mainbutton, 'text', x))
runTouchApp(mainbutton)
45.14.2 Extending dropdown in Kv
You could create a dropdown directly from your kv:
#:kivy 1.4.0
<CustomDropDown>:
Button:
text: 'My first Item'
size_hint_y: None
height: 44
on_release: root.select('item1')
Label:
text: 'Unselectable item'
size_hint_y: None
height: 44
Button:
text: 'My second Item'
size_hint_y: None
height: 44
on_release: root.select('item2')
And then, create the associated python class and use it:
class CustomDropDown(DropDown):
pass
dropdown = CustomDropDown()
mainbutton = Button(text='Hello', size_hint=(None, None))
mainbutton.bind(on_release=dropdown.open)
dropdown.bind(on_select=lambda instance, x: setattr(mainbutton, 'text', x))
class kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView
DropDown class. See module documentation for more information.
Events
on_select: data Fired when a selection is done. The data of the selection is passed
in as the first argument and is what you pass in the select() method as the
first argument.
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on_dismiss: New in version 1.8.0.
Fired when the DropDown is dismissed, either on selection or on touching out-
side the widget.
Parameters
gramming Guide.

>>> root = Widget()
attach_to
(internal) Property that will be set to the widget to which the drop down list is attached.
The open() method will automatically set this property whilst dismiss() will set it back
to None.
auto_dismiss
By default, the dropdown will be automatically dismissed when a touch happens outside of
it, this option allows to disable this feature
auto_dismiss is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
auto_width
By default, the width of the dropdown will be the same as the width of the attached widget.
Set to False if you want to provide your own width.
auto_width is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
to remove.
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container
(internal) Property that will be set to the container of the dropdown list. It is a GridLayout
by default.
dismiss(*largs)
Remove the dropdown widget from the window and detach it from the attached widget.
dismiss_on_select
By default, the dropdown will be automatically dismissed when a selection has been done.
Set to False to prevent the dismiss.
dismiss_on_select is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
max_height
Indicate the maximum height that the dropdown can take. If None, it will take the maximum
height available until the top or bottom of the screen is reached.
max_height is a NumericProperty and defaults to None.
min_state_time
Minimum time before the DropDown is dismissed. This is used to allow for the widget inside
the dropdown to display a down state or for the DropDown itself to display a animation for
closing.
min_state_time is a NumericProperty and defaults to the Config value min_state_time.
Called when a motion event is received.
Parameters
etype: str Event type, one of “begin”, “update” or “end”
me: MotionEvent Received motion event
Warning: This is an experimental method and it remains so while this warning is present.
Parameters
on_touch_up(touch)
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open(widget)
Open the dropdown list and attach it to a specific widget. Depending on the position of the
widget within the window and the height of the dropdown, the dropdown might be above
or below that widget.
Parameters

>>> root = Widget()
select(data)
Call this method to trigger the on_select event with the data selection. The data can be anything
you want.
45.15 EffectWidget
The EffectWidget is able to apply a variety of fancy graphical effects to its children. It works by ren-
dering to a series of Fbo instances with custom opengl fragment shaders. As such, effects can freely do
almost anything, from inverting the colors of the widget, to anti-aliasing, to emulating the appearance
of a crt monitor!
The basic usage is as follows:
w = EffectWidget()
w.add_widget(Button(text='Hello!')
w.effects = [InvertEffect(), HorizontalBlurEffect(size=2.0)]
The equivalent in kv would be:
#: import ew kivy.uix.effectwidget
EffectWidget:
effects: ew.InvertEffect(), ew.HorizontalBlurEffect(size=2.0)
Button:
text: 'Hello!'
The effects can be a list of effects of any length, and they will be applied sequentially.
The module comes with a range of prebuilt effects, but the interface is designed to make it easy to create
your own. Instead of writing a full glsl shader, you provide a single function that takes some inputs
based on the screen (current pixel color, current widget texture etc.). See the sections below for more
information.
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45.15.1 Usage Guidelines
It is not efficient to resize an EffectWidget, as the Fbo is recreated on each resize event. If you need
to resize frequently, consider doing things a different way.
Although some effects have adjustable parameters, it is not efficient to animate these, as the en-
tire shader is reconstructed every time. You should use glsl uniform variables instead. The
AdvancedEffectBase may make this easier.
Note: The EffectWidget cannot draw outside its own widget area (pos -> pos + size). Any child
widgets overlapping the boundary will be cut off at this point.
45.15.2 Provided Effects
The module comes with several pre-written effects. Some have adjustable properties (e.g. blur radius).
Please see the individual effect documentation for more details.
• MonochromeEffect - makes the widget grayscale.
• InvertEffect - inverts the widget colors.
• ChannelMixEffect - swaps color channels.
• ScanlinesEffect - displays flickering scanlines.
• PixelateEffect - pixelates the image.
• HorizontalBlurEffect - Gaussuan blurs horizontally.
• VerticalBlurEffect - Gaussuan blurs vertically.
• FXAAEffect - applies a very basic anti-aliasing.
45.15.3 Creating Effects
Effects are designed to make it easy to create and use your own transformations. You do this by creating
and using an instance of EffectBase with your own custom EffectBase.glsl property.
The glsl property is a string representing part of a glsl fragment shader. You can include as many
functions as you like (the string is simply spliced into the whole shader), but it must implement a
function effect as below:
vec4 effect(vec4 color, sampler2D texture, vec2 tex_coords, vec2 coords)

{
// ... your code here
return something; // must be a vec4 representing the new color
}
The full shader will calculate the normal pixel color at each point, then call your effect function to
transform it. The parameters are:
• color: The normal color of the current pixel (i.e. texture sampled at tex_coords).
• texture: The texture containing the widget’s normal background.
• tex_coords: The normal texture_coords used to access texture.
• coords: The pixel indices of the current pixel.
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The shader code also has access to two useful uniform variables, time containing the time (in seconds)
since the program start, and resolution containing the shape (x pixels, y pixels) of the widget.
For instance, the following simple string (taken from the InvertEffect) would invert the input color but
set alpha to 1.0:
vec4 effect(vec4 color, sampler2D texture, vec2 tex_coords, vec2 coords)

{
return vec4(1.0 - color.xyz, 1.0);
}
You can also set the glsl by automatically loading the string from a file, simply set the EffectBase.
source property of an effect.
class kivy.uix.effectwidget.AdvancedEffectBase(*args, **kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.effectwidget.EffectBase
An EffectBase with additional behavior to easily set and update uniform variables in your
shader.
This class is provided for convenience when implementing your own effects: it is not used by any
of those provided with Kivy.
In addition to your base glsl string that must be provided as normal, the AdvancedEffectBase
has an extra property uniforms, a dictionary of name-value pairs. Whenever a value is changed,
the new value for the uniform variable is uploaded to the shader.
You must still manually declare your uniform variables at the top of your glsl string.
set_fbo_shader(*args)
Sets the Fbo’s shader by splicing the glsl string into a full fragment shader.
The full shader is made up of shader_header + shader_uniforms + self.glsl +
shader_footer_effect.
uniforms
A dictionary of uniform variable names and their values. These are automatically uploaded
to the fbo shader if appropriate.
uniforms is a DictProperty and defaults to {}.
class kivy.uix.effectwidget.ChannelMixEffect(*args, **kwargs)
Mixes the color channels of the input according to the order property. Channels may be arbitrarily
rearranged or repeated.
order
The new sorted order of the rgb channels.
order is a ListProperty and defaults to [1, 2, 0], corresponding to (g, b, r).
class kivy.uix.effectwidget.EffectBase(*args, **kwargs)
The base class for GLSL effects. It simply returns its input.
See the module documentation for more details.
fbo
The fbo currently using this effect. The EffectBase automatically handles this.
fbo is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
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glsl
The glsl string defining your effect function. See the module documentation for more details.
glsl is a StringProperty and defaults to a trivial effect that returns its input.
set_fbo_shader(*args)
Sets the Fbo’s shader by splicing the glsl string into a full fragment shader.
The full shader is made up of shader_header + shader_uniforms + self.glsl +
shader_footer_effect.
source
The (optional) filename from which to load the glsl string.
source is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘’.
class kivy.uix.effectwidget.EffectWidget(**kwargs)
Widget with the ability to apply a series of graphical effects to its children. See the module docu-
mentation for more information on setting effects and creating your own.
Parameters
gramming Guide.

>>> root = Widget()
background_color
This defines the background color to be used for the fbo in the EffectWidget.
background_color is a ListProperty defaults to (0, 0, 0, 0)
to remove.
601
effects
List of all the effects to be applied. These should all be instances or subclasses of
EffectBase.
effects is a ListProperty and defaults to [].
fbo_list
(internal) List of all the fbos that are being used to apply the effects.
fbo_list is a ListProperty and defaults to [].
refresh_fbo_setup(*args)
(internal) Creates and assigns one Fbo per effect, and makes sure all sizes etc. are correct and
consistent.
Parameters

>>> root = Widget()
texture
The output texture of the final Fbo after all effects have been applied.
texture is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
class kivy.uix.effectwidget.FXAAEffect(*args, **kwargs)
Applies very simple anti-aliasing via fxaa.
class kivy.uix.effectwidget.HorizontalBlurEffect(*args, **kwargs)
Blurs the input horizontally, with the width given by size.
size
The blur width in pixels.
size is a NumericProperty and defaults to 4.0.
class kivy.uix.effectwidget.InvertEffect(*args, **kwargs)
Inverts the colors in the input.
class kivy.uix.effectwidget.MonochromeEffect(*args, **kwargs)
Returns its input colors in monochrome.
class kivy.uix.effectwidget.PixelateEffect(*args, **kwargs)
Pixelates the input according to its pixel_size
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pixel_size
Sets the size of a new ‘pixel’ in the effect, in terms of number of ‘real’ pixels.
pixel_size is a NumericProperty and defaults to 10.
class kivy.uix.effectwidget.ScanlinesEffect(*args, **kwargs)
Adds scanlines to the input.
class kivy.uix.effectwidget.VerticalBlurEffect(*args, **kwargs)
Blurs the input vertically, with the width given by size.
size
The blur width in pixels.
size is a NumericProperty and defaults to 4.0.
45.16 FileChooser
The FileChooser module provides various classes for describing, displaying and browsing file systems.
45.16.1 Simple widgets
There are two ready-to-use widgets that provide views of the file system. Each of these present the files
and folders in a different style.
The FileChooserListView displays file entries as text items in a vertical list, where folders can be
collapsed and expanded.
The FileChooserIconView presents icons and text from left to right, wrapping them as required.
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They both provide for scrolling, selection and basic user interaction. Please refer to the
FileChooserController for details on supported events and properties.
45.16.2 Widget composition
FileChooser classes adopt a MVC design. They are exposed so that you to extend and customize your
file chooser according to your needs.
The FileChooser classes can be categorized as follows:
• Models are represented by concrete implementations of the FileSystemAbstract class, such
as the FileSystemLocal.
• Views are represented by the FileChooserListLayout and FileChooserIconLayout
classes. These are used by the FileChooserListView and FileChooserIconView widgets
respectively.
• Controllers are represented by concrete implementations of the FileChooserController,
namely the FileChooser, FileChooserIconView and FileChooserListView classes.
This means you can define your own views or provide FileSystemAbstract implementations for
alternative file systems for use with these widgets. The FileChooser can be used as a controller for
handling multiple, synchronized views of the same path. By combining these elements, you can add
your own views and file systems and have them easily interact with the existing components.
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main.py

from kivy.factory import Factory
from kivy.properties import ObjectProperty
from kivy.uix.popup import Popup
import os
class LoadDialog(FloatLayout):
load = ObjectProperty(None)
cancel = ObjectProperty(None)
class SaveDialog(FloatLayout):
save = ObjectProperty(None)
text_input = ObjectProperty(None)
cancel = ObjectProperty(None)
class Root(FloatLayout):
loadfile = ObjectProperty(None)
savefile = ObjectProperty(None)
text_input = ObjectProperty(None)
def dismiss_popup(self):
self._popup.dismiss()
def show_load(self):
content = LoadDialog(load=self.load, cancel=self.dismiss_popup)
self._popup = Popup(title="Load file", content=content,
size_hint=(0.9, 0.9))
_
self. popup.open()
def show_save(self):
content = SaveDialog(save=self.save, cancel=self.dismiss_popup)
self._popup = Popup(title="Save file", content=content,
size_hint=(0.9, 0.9))
_
self. popup.open()
def load(self, path, filename):

with open(os.path.join(path, filename[0])) as stream:
self.text_input.text = stream.read()
self.dismiss_popup()
def save(self, path, filename):

with open(os.path.join(path, filename), 'w') as stream:
stream.write(self.text_input.text)
self.dismiss_popup()
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class Editor(App):
pass
Factory.register('Root', cls=Root)
Factory.register('LoadDialog', cls=LoadDialog)
Factory.register('SaveDialog', cls=SaveDialog)
if __name__ == '__main__':
Editor().run()
editor.kv
#:kivy 1.1.0
Root:
text_input: text_input
BoxLayout:
BoxLayout:
size_hint_y: None
height: 30
Button:
text: 'Load'
on_release: root.show_load()
Button:
text: 'Save'
on_release: root.show_save()
BoxLayout:
TextInput:
id: text_input
text: ''
RstDocument:
text: text_input.text
show_errors: True
<LoadDialog>:
BoxLayout:
size: root.size
pos: root.pos
orientation: "vertical"
FileChooserListView:
id: filechooser
BoxLayout:
size_hint_y: None
height: 30
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Button:
text: "Cancel"
on_release: root.cancel()
Button:
text: "Load"
on_release: root.load(filechooser.path, filechooser.
,→selection)
<SaveDialog>:
text_input: text_input
BoxLayout:
size: root.size
pos: root.pos
orientation: "vertical"
FileChooserListView:
id: filechooser
on_selection: text_input.text = self.selection and self.
,→selection[0] or ''
TextInput:
id: text_input
size_hint_y: None
height: 30
multiline: False
BoxLayout:
size_hint_y: None
height: 30
Button:
text: "Cancel"
on_release: root.cancel()
Button:
text: "Save"
on_release: root.save(filechooser.path, text_input.text)

Changed in version 1.2.0: In the chooser template, the controller is no longer a direct reference
but a weak-reference. If you are upgrading, you should change the notation root.controller.xxx to
root.controller().xxx.
class kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooser(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController
Implementation of a FileChooserController which supports switching between multiple,
synced layout views.
The FileChooser can be used as follows:
BoxLayout:
BoxLayout:
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size_hint_y: None
height: sp(52)
Button:
text: 'Icon View'
on_press: fc.view_mode = 'icon'
Button:
text: 'List View'
on_press: fc.view_mode = 'list'
FileChooser:
id: fc
FileChooserIconLayout
FileChooserListLayout

Parameters
gramming Guide.

>>> root = Widget()
manager
Reference to the ScreenManager instance.
manager is an ObjectProperty.
view_list
List of views added to this FileChooser.
view_list is an AliasProperty of type list.
view_mode
Current layout view mode.
view_mode is an AliasProperty of type str.
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class kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController(**kwargs)
Base for implementing a FileChooser. Don’t use this class directly, but prefer using an implemen-
tation such as the FileChooser, FileChooserListView or FileChooserIconView.
Events
on_entry_added: entry, parent Fired when a root-level entry is added to the file list.
If you return True from this event, the entry is not added to FileChooser.
on_entries_cleared Fired when the the entries list is cleared, usually when the root
is refreshed.
on_subentry_to_entry: entry, parent Fired when a sub-entry is added to an exist-
ing entry or when entries are removed from an entry e.g. when a node is closed.
on_submit: selection, touch Fired when a file has been selected with a double-tap.
cancel(*largs)
Cancel any background action started by filechooser, such as loading a new directory.
dirselect
Determines whether directories are valid selections or not.
dirselect is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
entry_released(entry, touch)
(internal) This method must be called by the template when an entry is touched by the user.
entry_touched(entry, touch)
(internal) This method must be called by the template when an entry is touched by the user.
file_encodings
Possible encodings for decoding a filename to unicode. In the case that the user has a non-
ascii filename, undecodable without knowing its initial encoding, we have no other choice
than to guess it.
Please note that if you encounter an issue because of a missing encoding here, we’ll be glad
to add it to this list.
file_encodings is a ListProperty and defaults to [‘utf-8’, ‘latin1’, ‘cp1252’].
Deprecated since version 1.8.0: This property is no longer used as the filechooser no longer
decodes the file names.
file_system
The file system object used to access the file system. This should be a subclass of
FileSystemAbstract.
file_system is an ObjectProperty and defaults to FileSystemLocal()
files
The list of files in the directory specified by path after applying the filters.
files is a read-only ListProperty.
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filter_dirs
Indicates whether filters should also apply to directories. filter_dirs is a BooleanProperty
and defaults to False.
filters
filters specifies the filters to be applied to the files in the directory. filters is a ListProperty
and defaults to []. This is equivalent to ‘*’ i.e. nothing is filtered.
The filters are not reset when the path changes. You need to do that yourself if desired.
There are two kinds of filters: patterns and callbacks.
1. Patterns
e.g. [’*.png’]. You can use the following patterns:
Pattern Meaning
* matches everything
? matches any single character
[seq] matches any character in seq
[!seq] matches any character not in seq
2. Callbacks
You can specify a function that will be called for each file. The callback will be
passed the folder and file name as the first and second parameters respectively.
It should return True to indicate a match and False otherwise.
Changed in version 1.4.0: Added the option to specify the filter as a callback.
font_name
Filename of the font to use in UI components. The path can be absolute or relative. Relative
paths are resolved by the resource_find() function.
font_name is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘Roboto’. This value is taken from
Config.
get_nice_size(fn)
Pass the filepath. Returns the size in the best human readable format or ‘’ if it is a directory
(Don’t recursively calculate size).
layout
Reference to the layout widget instance.
layout is an ObjectProperty.
multiselect
Determines whether the user is able to select multiple files or not.
Parameters
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on_touch_up(touch)
path
path is a StringProperty and defaults to the current working directory as a unicode
string. It specifies the path on the filesystem that this controller should refer to.
Warning: If a unicode path is specified, all the files returned will be in unicode, allowing
the display of unicode files and paths. If a bytes path is specified, only files and paths
with ascii names will be displayed properly: non-ascii filenames will be displayed and
listed with questions marks (?) instead of their unicode characters.
progress_cls
Class to use for displaying a progress indicator for filechooser loading.
progress_cls is an ObjectProperty and defaults to FileChooserProgress.
Changed in version 1.8.0: If set to a string, the Factory will be used to resolve the class
name.
rootpath
Root path to use instead of the system root path. If set, it will not show a “..” directory to go
up to the root path. For example, if you set rootpath to /users/foo, the user will be unable
to go to /users or to any other directory not starting with /users/foo.
rootpath is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
Note: Similarly to path, whether rootpath is specified as bytes or a unicode string determines
the type of the filenames and paths read.
selection
Contains the list of files that are currently selected.
selection is a read-only ListProperty and defaults to [].
show_hidden
Determines whether hidden files and folders should be shown.
show_hidden is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
sort_func
Provides a function to be called with a list of filenames as the first argument and the filesys-
tem implementation as the second argument. It returns a list of filenames sorted for display
in the view.
sort_func is an ObjectProperty and defaults to a function returning alphanumerically
named folders first.
Changed in version 1.8.0: The signature needs now 2 arguments: first the list of files, second
the filesystem class to use.
611
class kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserIconLayout(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserLayout
File chooser layout using an icon view.
class kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserIconView(**kwargs)
Implementation of a FileChooserController using an icon view.
class kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserListLayout(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserLayout
File chooser layout using a list view.
class kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserListView(**kwargs)
Implementation of a FileChooserController using a list view.
class kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserProgressBase(**kwargs)
Base for implementing a progress view. This view is used when too many entries need to be
created and are delayed over multiple frames.
cancel(*largs)
Cancel any action from the FileChooserController.
index
Current index of total entries to be loaded.
Parameters
on_touch_up(touch)
path
Current path of the FileChooser, read-only.
612
total
Total number of entries to load.
class kivy.uix.filechooser.FileSystemAbstract
Class for implementing a File System view that can be used with the FileChooser.
getsize(fn)
Return the size in bytes of a file
is_dir(fn)
Return True if the argument passed to this method is a directory
is_hidden(fn)
Return True if the file is hidden
listdir(fn)
Return the list of files in the directory fn
class kivy.uix.filechooser.FileSystemLocal
Bases: kivy.uix.filechooser.FileSystemAbstract
Implementation of FileSystemAbstract for local files.
getsize(fn)
Return the size in bytes of a file
is_dir(fn)
Return True if the argument passed to this method is a directory
is_hidden(fn)
Return True if the file is hidden
listdir(fn)
Return the list of files in the directory fn
45.17 Float Layout
FloatLayout honors the pos_hint and the size_hint properties of its children.
613
For example, a FloatLayout with a size of (300, 300) is created:
layout = FloatLayout(size=(300, 300))
By default, all widgets have their size_hint=(1, 1), so this button will adopt the same size as the layout:
button = Button(text='Hello world')

layout.add_widget(button)
To create a button 50% of the width and 25% of the height of the layout and positioned at (20, 20), you
can do:
button = Button(
text='Hello world',
size_hint=(.5, .25),
pos=(20, 20))
If you want to create a button that will always be the size of layout minus 20% on each side:
button = Button(text='Hello world', size_hint=(.6, .6),

pos_hint={'x':.2, 'y':.2})
Note: This layout can be used for an application. Most of the time, you will use the size of Window.
Warning: If you are not using pos_hint, you must handle the positioning of the children: if the float
layout is moving, you must handle moving the children too.
class kivy.uix.floatlayout.FloatLayout(**kwargs)
Float layout class. See module documentation for more information.
Parameters
614
gramming Guide.

>>> root = Widget()
do_layout(*largs, **kwargs)
the next frame.
Parameters

>>> root = Widget()
45.18 Gesture Surface


class kivy.uix.gesturesurface.GestureContainer(touch, **kwargs)
Container object that stores information about a gesture. It has various properties that are updated
by GestureSurface as drawing progresses.
615
Arguments
touch Touch object (as received by on_touch_down) used to initialize the gesture
container. Required.
Properties
active Set to False once the gesture is complete (meets max_stroke setting or Ges-
tureSurface.temporal_window)
active is a BooleanProperty
active_strokes Number of strokes currently active in the gesture, ie concurrent
touches associated with this gesture.
active_strokes is a NumericProperty
max_strokes Max number of strokes allowed in the gesture. This is set by Ges-
tureSurface.max_strokes but can be overridden for example from on_gesture_start.
max_strokes is a NumericProperty
was_merged Indicates that this gesture has been merged with another gesture and
should be considered discarded.
was_merged is a BooleanProperty
bbox Dictionary with keys minx, miny, maxx, maxy. Represents the size of the
gesture bounding box.
bbox is a DictProperty
width Represents the width of the gesture.
width is a NumericProperty
height Represents the height of the gesture.
height is a NumericProperty
accept_stroke(count=1)
Returns True if this container can accept count new strokes
add_stroke(touch, line)
Associate a list of points with a touch.uid; the line itself is created by the caller, but subse-
quent move/up events look it up via us. This is done to avoid problems during merge.
complete_stroke()
Called on touch up events to keep track of how many strokes are active in the gesture (we
only want to dispatch event when the last stroke in the gesture is released)
get_vectors(**kwargs)
Return strokes in a format that is acceptable for kivy.multistroke.Recognizer as a gesture candi-
date or template. The result is cached automatically; the cache is invalidated at the start and
end of a stroke and if update_bbox is called. If you are going to analyze a gesture mid-stroke,
you may need to set the no_cache argument to True.
handles(touch)
Returns True if this container handles the given touch
single_points_test()
Returns True if the gesture consists only of single-point strokes, we must discard it in this
case, or an exception will be raised
616
update_bbox(touch)
Update gesture bbox from a touch coordinate
class kivy.uix.gesturesurface.GestureSurface(**kwargs)
Simple gesture surface to track/draw touch movements. Typically used to gather user input
suitable for kivy.multistroke.Recognizer.
Properties
temporal_window Time to wait from the last touch_up event before attempting to
recognize the gesture. If you set this to 0, the on_gesture_complete event is not
fired unless the max_strokes condition is met.
temporal_window is a NumericProperty and defaults to 2.0
max_strokes Max number of strokes in a single gesture; if this is reached, recogni-
tion will start immediately on the final touch_up event. If this is set to 0, the
on_gesture_complete event is not fired unless the temporal_window expires.
max_strokes is a NumericProperty and defaults to 2.0
bbox_margin Bounding box margin for detecting gesture collisions, in pixels.
bbox_margin is a NumericProperty and defaults to 30
draw_timeout Number of seconds to keep lines/bbox on canvas after the
on_gesture_complete event is fired. If this is set to 0, gestures are immediately
removed from the surface when complete.
draw_timeout is a NumericProperty and defaults to 3.0
color Color used to draw the gesture, in RGB. This option does not have an effect
if use_random_color is True.
color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [1, 1, 1, 1] (white)
use_random_color Set to True to pick a random color for each gesture, if you do
this then color is ignored. Defaults to False.
use_random_color is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False
line_width Line width used for tracing touches on the surface. Set to 0 if you only
want to detect gestures without drawing anything. If you use 1.0, OpenGL
GL_LINE is used for drawing; values > 1 will use an internal drawing method
based on triangles (less efficient), see kivy.graphics.
line_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 2
draw_bbox Set to True if you want to draw bounding box behind gestures. This
only works if line_width >= 1. Default is False.
draw_bbox is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True
bbox_alpha Opacity for bounding box if draw_bbox is True. Default 0.1
bbox_alpha is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.1
Events
on_gesture_start GestureContainer Fired when a new gesture is initiated on
the surface, i.e. the first on_touch_down that does not collide with an existing
gesture on the surface.
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on_gesture_extend GestureContainer Fired when a touch_down event occurs
within an existing gesture.
on_gesture_merge GestureContainer, GestureContainer Fired when two
gestures collide and get merged to one gesture. The first argument is the gesture
that has been merged (no longer valid); the second is the combined (resulting)
gesture.
on_gesture_complete GestureContainer Fired when a set of strokes is con-
sidered a complete gesture, this happens when temporal_window expires or
max_strokes is reached. Typically you will bind to this event and use the pro-
vided GestureContainer get_vectors() method to match against your gesture
database.
on_gesture_cleanup GestureContainer Fired draw_timeout seconds after
on_gesture_complete, The gesture will be removed from the canvas (if line_width
> 0 or draw_bbox is True) and the internal gesture list before this.
on_gesture_discard GestureContainer Fired when a gesture does not meet the
minimum size requirements for recognition (width/height < 5, or consists only
of single- point strokes).
find_colliding_gesture(touch)
Checks if a touch x/y collides with the bounding box of an existing gesture. If so, return it
(otherwise returns None)
get_gesture(touch)
Returns GestureContainer associated with given touch
init_gesture(touch)
Create a new gesture from touch, i.e. it’s the first on surface, or was not close enough to any
existing gesture (yet)
merge_gestures(g, other)
Merges two gestures together, the oldest one is retained and the newer one gets the Gesture-
Container.was_merged flag raised.
When a new touch is registered, the first thing we do is to test if it collides with the bounding
box of another known gesture. If so, it is assumed to be part of that gesture.
When a touch moves, we add a point to the line on the canvas so the path is updated. We
must also check if the new point collides with the bounding box of another gesture - if so,
they should be merged.
on_touch_up(touch)
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45.19 Grid Layout

The GridLayout arranges children in a matrix. It takes the available space and divides it into columns
and rows, then adds widgets to the resulting “cells”.
Changed in version 1.0.7: The implementation has changed to use the widget size_hint for calculating
column/row sizes. uniform_width and uniform_height have been removed and other properties have
added to give you more control.
45.19.1 Background
Unlike many other toolkits, you cannot explicitly place a widget in a specific column/row. Each child
is automatically assigned a position determined by the layout configuration and the child’s index in the
children list.
A GridLayout must always have at least one input constraint: GridLayout.cols or GridLayout.
rows. If you do not specify cols or rows, the Layout will throw an exception.
45.19.2 Column Width and Row Height
The column width/row height are determined in 3 steps:

• The initial size is given by the col_default_width and row_default_height properties. To
customize the size of a single column or row, use cols_minimum or rows_minimum.
• The size_hint_x/size_hint_y of the children are taken into account. If no widgets have a size hint,
the maximum size is used for all children.
• You can force the default size by setting the col_force_default or row_force_default
property. This will force the layout to ignore the width and size_hint properties of children and use
the default size.
619
45.19.3 Using a GridLayout
In the example below, all widgets will have an equal size. By default, the size_hint is (1, 1), so a Widget
will take the full size of the parent:
layout = GridLayout(cols=2)
layout.add_widget(Button(text='Hello 1'))
layout.add_widget(Button(text='World 1'))
layout.add_widget(Button(text='Hello 2'))
Now, let’s fix the size of Hello buttons to 100px instead of using size_hint_x=1:
layout = GridLayout(cols=2)
layout.add_widget(Button(text='Hello 1', size_hint_x=None, width=100))
Next, let’s fix the row height to a specific size:
layout = GridLayout(cols=2, row_force_default=True, row_default_height=40)

620
class kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout(**kwargs)
Grid layout class. See module documentation for more information.
col_default_width
Default minimum size to use for a column.
col_default_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
col_force_default
If True, ignore the width and size_hint_x of the child and use the default column width.
col_force_default is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
cols
Number of columns in the grid.
Changed in version 1.0.8: Changed from a NumericProperty to BoundedNumericProperty.
You can no longer set this to a negative value.
cols is a NumericProperty and defaults to None.
cols_minimum
Dict of minimum width for each column. The dictionary keys are the column numbers, e.g.
0, 1, 2. . .
cols_minimum is a DictProperty and defaults to {}.
do_layout(*largs)
the next frame.
minimum_height
Automatically computed minimum height needed to contain all children.
minimum_height is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0. It is read only.
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minimum_size
Automatically computed minimum size needed to contain all children.
properties. It is read only.
minimum_width
Automatically computed minimum width needed to contain all children.
minimum_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0. It is read only.
orientation
orientation is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘lr-tb’.
Valid orientations are ‘lr-tb’, ‘tb-lr’, ‘rl-tb’, ‘tb-rl’, ‘lr-bt’, ‘bt-lr’, ‘rl-bt’ and ‘bt-rl’.
Note: ‘lr’ means Left to Right. ‘rl’ means Right to Left. ‘tb’ means Top to Bottom. ‘bt’ means
Bottom to Top.
padding
Padding between the layout box and its children: [padding_left, padding_top,
Changed in version 1.7.0: Replaced NumericProperty with VariableListProperty.
row_default_height
Default minimum size to use for row.
row_default_height is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
row_force_default
If True, ignore the height and size_hint_y of the child and use the default row height.
row_force_default is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
rows
Number of rows in the grid.
Changed in version 1.0.8: Changed from a NumericProperty to a BoundedNumericProperty.
You can no longer set this to a negative value.
rows is a NumericProperty and defaults to None.
rows_minimum
Dict of minimum height for each row. The dictionary keys are the row numbers, e.g. 0, 1,
2. . .
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rows_minimum is a DictProperty and defaults to {}.
spacing
Spacing between children: [spacing_horizontal, spacing_vertical].
spacing also accepts a one argument form [spacing].
spacing is a VariableListProperty and defaults to [0, 0].
exception kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayoutException
Bases: Exception
Exception for errors if the grid layout manipulation fails.
45.20 Image
The Image widget is used to display an image:

Example in python:
wimg = Image(source='mylogo.png')
Kv Example:
Image:
45.20.1 Asynchronous Loading
To load an image asynchronously (for example from an external webserver), use the AsyncImage
subclass:
aimg = AsyncImage(source='http://mywebsite.com/logo.png')
This can be useful as it prevents your application from waiting until the image is loaded. If you want
to display large images or retrieve them from URL’s, using AsyncImage will allow these resources to
be retrieved on a background thread without blocking your application.
45.20.2 Alignment
By default, the image is centered and fits inside the widget bounding box. If you don’t want that, you
can set allow_stretch to True and keep_ratio to False.
You can also inherit from Image and create your own style. For example, if you want your image to be
greater than the size of your widget, you could do:
class FullImage(Image):
pass
And in your kivy language file:
<-FullImage>:
canvas:
Color:
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rgb: (1, 1, 1)
Rectangle:
size: self.width + 20, self.height + 20
pos: self.x - 10, self.y - 10
class kivy.uix.image.AsyncImage(**kwargs)
Asynchronous Image class. See the module documentation for more information.
Note: The AsyncImage is a specialized form of the Image class. You may want to refer to the
loader documentation and in particular, the ProxyImage for more detail on how to handle
events around asynchronous image loading.
Note: AsyncImage currently does not support properties anim_loop and mipmap and setting
those properties will have no effect.
remove_from_cache()
Remove image from cache.
class kivy.uix.image.Image(**kwargs)
Image class, see module documentation for more information.
allow_stretch
If True, the normalized image size will be maximized to fit in the image box. Otherwise, if
the box is too tall, the image will not be stretched more than 1:1 pixels.
allow_stretch is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
anim_delay
Delay the animation if the image is sequenced (like an animated gif). If anim_delay is set to
-1, the animation will be stopped.
anim_delay is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.25 (4 FPS).
anim_loop
Number of loops to play then stop animating. 0 means keep animating.
anim_loop is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
color
Image color, in the format (r, g, b, a). This attribute can be used to ‘tint’ an image. Be careful:
if the source image is not gray/white, the color will not really work as expected.
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image_ratio
Ratio of the image (width / float(height).
image_ratio is an AliasProperty and is read-only.
keep_data
If True, the underlying _coreimage will store the raw image data. This is useful when per-
forming pixel based collision detection.
keep_data is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
keep_ratio
If False along with allow_stretch being True, the normalized image size will be maximized
to fit in the image box and ignores the aspect ratio of the image. Otherwise, if the box is too
tall, the image will not be stretched more than 1:1 pixels.
keep_ratio is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
mipmap
Indicate if you want OpenGL mipmapping to be applied to the texture. Read Mipmapping
mipmap is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
nocache
If this property is set True, the image will not be added to the internal cache. The cache will
simply ignore any calls trying to append the core image.
nocache is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
norm_image_size
Normalized image size within the widget box.
This size will always fit the widget size and will preserve the image ratio.
norm_image_size is an AliasProperty and is read-only.
reload()
Reload image from disk. This facilitates re-loading of images from disk in case the image
content changes.
Usage:
im = Image(source = '1.jpg')
# -- do something --
im.reload()
# image will be re-loaded from disk
remove_from_cache()
Remove image from cache.
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source
Filename / source of your image.
source is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
texture
Texture object of the image. The texture represents the original, loaded image texture.
It is stretched and positioned during rendering according to the allow_stretch and
keep_ratio properties.
Depending of the texture creation, the value will be a Texture or a TextureRegion object.
texture_size
Texture size of the image. This represents the original, loaded image texture size.
Warning: The texture size is set after the texture property. So if you listen to the change
on texture, the property texture_size will not be up-to-date. Use self.texture.size in-
stead.
45.21 Label
The Label widget is for rendering text:
# hello world text

l = Label(text='Hello world')
# unicode text; can only display glyphs that are available in the font
l = Label(text='Hello world ' + chr(2764))
# multiline text
l = Label(text='Multi\nLine')
# size
l = Label(text='Hello world', font_size='20sp')
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45.21.1 Sizing and text content
By default, the size of Label is not affected by text content and the text is not affected by the size.
In order to control sizing, you must specify text_size to constrain the text and/or bind size to
texture_size to grow with the text.
For example, this label’s size will be set to the text content (plus padding):
Label:
This label’s text will wrap at the specified width and be clipped to the height:
Label:
text_size: cm(6), cm(4)
Note: The shorten and max_lines attributes control how overflowing text behaves.
Combine these concepts to create a Label that can grow vertically but wraps the text at a certain width:
Label:
text_size: root.width, None
How to have a custom background color in the label:
# Define your background color Template

<BackgroundColor@Widget>
background_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: root.background_color
Rectangle:
size: self.size
pos: self.pos
# Now you can simply Mix the `BackgroundColor` class with almost
# any other widget... to give it a background.
<BackgroundLabel@Label+BackgroundColor>
# Default the background color for this label
# to r 0, g 0, b 0, a 0
# Use the BackgroundLabel any where in your kv code like below
BackgroundLabel
text: 'Hello'
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45.21.2 Text alignment and wrapping
The Label has halign and valign properties to control the alignment of its text. However, by default
the text image (texture) is only just large enough to contain the characters and is positioned in the
center of the Label. The valign property will have no effect and halign will only have an effect if your
text has newlines; a single line of text will appear to be centered even though halign is set to left (by
default).
In order for the alignment properties to take effect, set the text_size, which specifies the size of the
bounding box within which text is aligned. For instance, the following code binds this size to the size
of the Label, so text will be aligned within the widget bounds. This will also automatically wrap the
text of the Label to remain within this area.
Label:
halign: 'right'
valign: 'middle'
45.21.3 Markup text

You can change the style of the text using Text Markup. The syntax is similar to the bbcode syntax but
only the inline styling is allowed:
# hello world with world in bold

l = Label(text='Hello [b]World[/b]', markup=True)
# hello in red, world in blue

l = Label(text='[color=ff3333]Hello[/color][color=3333ff]World[/color]',
markup = True)
If you need to escape the markup from the current text, use kivy.utils.escape_markup():
text = 'This is an important message [1]'

l = Label(text='[b]' + escape_markup(text) + '[/b]', markup=True)
The following tags are available:

[b][/b] Activate bold text
[i][/i] Activate italic text
[u][/u] Underlined text
[s][/s] Strikethrough text
[font=<str>][/font] Change the font (note: this refers to a TTF file or registered alias)
[font_context=<str>][/font_context] Change context for the font, use string value “none”
for isolated context (this is equivalent to None; if you created a font context named ‘none’, it cannot
be referred to using markup)
[font_family=<str>][/font_family] Font family to request for drawing. This is only valid
when using a font context, see kivy.uix.label.Label for details.
[font_features=<str>][/font_features] OpenType font features, in CSS format, this is
passed straight through to Pango. The effects of requesting a feature depends on loaded fonts,
library versions, etc. Pango only, requires v1.38 or later.
[size=<integer>][/size] Change the font size
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[color=#<color>][/color] Change the text color
[ref=<str>][/ref] Add an interactive zone. The reference + bounding box inside the reference
will be available in Label.refs
[anchor=<str>] Put an anchor in the text. You can get the position of your anchor within the text
with Label.anchors
[sub][/sub] Display the text at a subscript position relative to the text before it.
[sup][/sup] Display the text at a superscript position relative to the text before it.
[text_language=<str>][/text_language] Language of the text, this is an RFC-3066 format
language tag (as string), for example “en_US”, “zh_CN”, “fr” or “ja”. This can impact font se-
lection and metrics. Use the string “None” to revert to locale detection. Pango only.
If you want to render the markup text with a [ or ] or & character, you need to escape them. We created
a simple syntax:
[ -> &bl;
] -> &br;
& -> &
Then you can write:
"[size=24]Hello &bl;World&br;[/size]"
45.21.4 Interactive zone in text

You can now have definable “links” using text markup. The idea is to be able to detect when the user
clicks on part of the text and to react. The tag [ref=xxx] is used for that.
In this example, we are creating a reference on the word “World”. When this word is clicked, the
function print_it will be called with the name of the reference:
def print_it(instance, value):

print('User clicked on', value)
widget = Label(text='Hello [ref=world]World[/ref]', markup=True)
widget.bind(on_ref_press=print_it)
For prettier rendering, you could add a color for the reference. Replace the text= in the previous
example with:
'Hello [ref=world][color=0000ff]World[/color][/ref]'
45.21.5 Catering for Unicode languages
The font kivy uses does not contain all the characters required for displaying all languages. When you
use the built-in widgets, this results in a block being drawn where you expect a character.
If you want to display such characters, you can chose a font that supports them and deploy it universally
via kv:
<Label>:
font_name: '/<path>/<to>/<font>'
Note that this needs to be done before your widgets are loaded as kv rules are only applied at load time.
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The following example marks the anchors and references contained in a label:

class TestApp(App):
@staticmethod
def get_x(label, ref_x):
""" Return the x value of the ref/anchor relative to the canvas """
return label.center_x - label.texture_size[0] * 0.5 + ref_x
@staticmethod
def get_y(label, ref_y):
""" Return the y value of the ref/anchor relative to the canvas """
# Note the inversion of direction, as y values start at the top of
# the texture and increase downwards
return label.center_y + label.texture_size[1] * 0.5 - ref_y
def show_marks(self, label):
# Indicate the position of the anchors with a red top marker

for name, anc in label.anchors.items():
with label.canvas:
Color(1, 0, 0)
Rectangle(pos=(self.get_x(label, anc[0]),
self.get_y(label, anc[1])),
size=(3, 3))
# Draw a green surround around the refs. Note the sizes y inversion
for name, boxes in label.refs.items():
for box in boxes:
with label.canvas:
Color(0, 1, 0, 0.25)
Rectangle(pos=(self.get_x(label, box[0]),
self.get_y(label, box[1])),
size=(box[2] - box[0],
box[1] - box[3]))
def build(self):
label = Label(
text='[anchor=a]a\nChars [anchor=b]b\n[ref=myref]ref[/ref]',
markup=True)
Clock.schedule_once(lambda dt: self.show_marks(label), 1)
return label
TestApp().run()
class kivy.uix.label.Label(**kwargs)
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Label class, see module documentation for more information.
Events
on_ref_press Fired when the user clicks on a word referenced with a [ref] tag in
a text markup.
anchors
Position of all the [anchor=xxx] markup in the text. These coordinates are relative to the
top left corner of the text, with the y value increasing downwards. Anchors names should be
unique and only the first occurrence of any duplicate anchors will be recorded.
You can place anchors in your markup text as follows:
text = """
[anchor=title1][size=24]This is my Big title.[/size]
[anchor=content]Hello world
"""
Then, all the [anchor=] references will be removed and you’ll get all the anchor positions
in this property (only after rendering):
>>> widget = Label(text=text, markup=True)

>>> widget.texture_update()
>>> widget.anchors
{"content": (20, 32), "title1": (20, 16)}
Note: This works only with markup text. You need markup set to True.
base_direction
Base direction of text, this impacts horizontal alignment when halign is auto (the default).
Available options are: None, “ltr” (left to right), “rtl” (right to left) plus “weak_ltr” and
“weak_rtl”.
Note: Weak modes are currently not implemented in Kivy text layout, and have the same
effect as setting strong mode.

base_direction is an OptionProperty and defaults to None (autodetect RTL if possi-
ble, otherwise LTR).
bold
Indicates use of the bold version of your font.
Note: Depending of your font, the bold attribute may have no impact on your text rendering.
bold is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
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color
Text color, in the format (r, g, b, a).
disabled_color
The color of the text when the widget is disabled, in the (r, g, b, a) format.
disabled_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [1, 1, 1, .3].
disabled_outline_color
The color of the text outline when the widget is disabled, in the (r, g, b) format.
Note: This feature requires the SDL2 text provider.

disabled_outline_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [0, 0, 0].
Changed in version 2.0.0: Changed from ListProperty to ColorProperty. Alpha com-
ponent is ignored and assigning value to it has no effect.
ellipsis_options
Font options for the ellipsis string(’. . . ’) used to split the text.
Accepts a dict as option name with the value. Only applied when markup is true and text
is shortened. All font options which work for Label will work for ellipsis_options.
Defaults for the options not specified are taken from the surronding text.
Label:
text: 'Some very long line which will be cut'
markup: True
shorten: True
ellipsis_options: {'color':(1,0.5,0.5,1),'underline':True}

ellipsis_options is a DictProperty and defaults to {} (the empty dict).
font_blended
Whether blended or solid font rendering should be used.

font_blended is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
font_context
Font context. None means the font is used in isolation, so you are guaranteed to be drawing
with the TTF file resolved by font_name. Specifying a value here will load the font file into
a named context, enabling fallback between all fonts in the same context. If a font context
is set, you are not guaranteed that rendering will actually use the specified TTF file for all
glyphs (Pango will pick the one it thinks is best).
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If Kivy is linked against a system-wide installation of FontConfig, you can load the system
fonts by specifying a font context starting with the special string system://. This will load
the system fontconfig configuration, and add your application-specific fonts on top of it (this
imposes a signifficant risk of family name collision, Pango may not use your custom font file,
but pick one from the system)

font_context is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
font_family
Font family, this is only applicable when using font_context option. The specified font
family will be requested, but note that it may not be available, or there could be multiple fonts
registered with the same family. The value can be a family name (string) available in the font
context (for example a system font in a system:// context, or a custom font file added using
kivy.core.text.FontContextManager). If set to None, font selection is controlled by
the font_name setting.
Note: If using font_name to reference a custom font file, you should leave this as None.
The family name is managed automatically in this case.

font_family is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
font_features
OpenType font features, in CSS format, this is passed straight through to Pango. The effects
of requesting a feature depends on loaded fonts, library versions, etc. For a complete list of
features, see:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_typographic_features
Note: This feature requires the Pango text provider, and Pango library v1.38 or later.

font_features is a StringProperty and defaults to an empty string.
font_hinting
What hinting option to use for font rendering. Can be one of ‘normal’, ‘light’, ‘mono’ or None.
Note: This feature requires SDL2 or Pango text provider.

font_hinting is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘normal’.
font_kerning
Whether kerning is enabled for font rendering. You should normally only disable this if
rendering is broken with a particular font file.
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font_kerning is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
font_name
Filename of the font to use. The path can be absolute or relative. Relative paths are resolved
by the resource_find() function.
Warning: Depending of your text provider, the font file can be ignored. However, you
can mostly use this without problems.
If the font used lacks the glyphs for the particular language/symbols you are using, you
will see ‘[]’ blank box characters instead of the actual glyphs. The solution is to use a font
that has the glyphs you need to display. For example, to display , use a font such as
freesans.ttf that has the glyph.

Config.
font_size
Font size of the text, in pixels.
font_size is a NumericProperty and defaults to 15sp.
halign
Horizontal alignment of the text.
halign is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘auto’. Available options are : auto, left,
center, right and justify. Auto will attempt to autodetect horizontal alignment for RTL text
(Pango only), otherwise it behaves like left.
Warning: This doesn’t change the position of the text texture of the Label (centered),
only the position of the text in this texture. You probably want to bind the size of the
Label to the texture_size or set a text_size.
Changed in version 1.10.1: Added auto option

Changed in version 1.6.0: A new option was added to halign, namely justify.
is_shortened
This property indicates if text was rendered with or without shortening when shorten is
True.
is_shortened is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
italic
Indicates use of the italic version of your font.
Note: Depending of your font, the italic attribute may have no impact on your text render-
ing.
italic is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
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line_height
Line Height for the text. e.g. line_height = 2 will cause the spacing between lines to be twice
the size.
line_height is a NumericProperty and defaults to 1.0.
markup
If True, the text will be rendered using the MarkupLabel: you can change the style of the
text using tags. Check the Text Markup documentation for more information.
markup is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
max_lines
Maximum number of lines to use, defaults to 0, which means unlimited. Please note that
shorten take over this property. (with shorten, the text is always one line.)
max_lines is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
mipmap
Indicates whether OpenGL mipmapping is applied to the texture or not. Read Mipmapping
mipmap is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
Parameters
outline_color
The color of the text outline, in the (r, g, b) format.

outline_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [0, 0, 0, 1].
Changed in version 2.0.0: Changed from ListProperty to ColorProperty. Alpha com-
ponent is ignored and assigning value to it has no effect.
outline_width
Width in pixels for the outline around the text. No outline will be rendered if the value is
None.
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outline_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to None.
padding
Padding of the text in the format (padding_x, padding_y)
padding is a ReferenceListProperty of (padding_x, padding_y) properties.
padding_x
Horizontal padding of the text inside the widget box.
padding_x is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
Changed in version 1.9.0: padding_x has been fixed to work as expected. In the past, the text
was padded by the negative of its values.
padding_y
Vertical padding of the text inside the widget box.
padding_y is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
Changed in version 1.9.0: padding_y has been fixed to work as expected. In the past, the text
was padded by the negative of its values.
refs
List of [ref=xxx] markup items in the text with the bounding box of all the words con-
tained in a ref, available only after rendering.
For example, if you wrote:
Check out my [ref=hello]link[/ref]
The refs will be set with:
{'hello': ((64, 0, 78, 16), )}
The references marked “hello” have a bounding box at (x1, y1, x2, y2). These coordinates are
relative to the top left corner of the text, with the y value increasing downwards. You can
define multiple refs with the same name: each occurrence will be added as another (x1, y1,
x2, y2) tuple to this list.
The current Label implementation uses these references if they exist in your markup text,
automatically doing the collision with the touch and dispatching an on_ref_press event.
You can bind a ref event like this:
def print_it(instance, value):

print('User click on', value)
widget = Label(text='Hello [ref=world]World[/ref]', markup=True)
widget.bind(on_ref_press=print_it)
Note: This works only with markup text. You need markup set to True.
shorten
Indicates whether the label should attempt to shorten its textual contents as much as possible
if a text_size is given. Setting this to True without an appropriately set text_size will
lead to unexpected results.
shorten_from and split_str control the direction from which the text is split, as well
as where in the text we are allowed to split.
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shorten is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
shorten_from
The side from which we should shorten the text from, can be left, right, or center.
For example, if left, the ellipsis will appear towards the left side and we will display as much
text starting from the right as possible. Similar to shorten, this option only applies when
text_size [0] is not None, In this case, the string is shortened to fit within the specified
width.
shorten_from is a OptionProperty and defaults to center.
split_str
The string used to split the text while shortening the string when shorten is True.
For example, if it’s a space, the string will be broken into words and as many whole words
that can fit into a single line will be displayed. If split_str is the empty string, ‘’, we split
on every character fitting as much text as possible into the line.
split_str is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘’ (the empty string).
strikethrough
Adds a strikethrough line to the text.

strikethrough is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
strip
Whether leading and trailing spaces and newlines should be stripped from each displayed
line. If True, every line will start at the right or left edge, depending on halign. If halign
is justify it is implicitly True.
strip is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
text
Text of the label.
Creation of a simple hello world:
widget = Label(text='Hello world')
text is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘’.

text_language
Language of the text, if None Pango will determine it from locale. This is an RFC-3066 format
language tag (as a string), for example “en_US”, “zh_CN”, “fr” or “ja”. This can impact font
selection, metrics and rendering. For example, the same bytes of text can look different for
ur and ar languages, though both use Arabic script.
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text_language is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
text_size
By default, the label is not constrained to any bounding box. You can set the size constraint
of the label with this property. The text will autoflow into the constraints. So although the
font size will not be reduced, the text will be arranged to fit into the box as best as possible,
with any text still outside the box clipped.
This sets and clips texture_size to text_size if not None.
For example, whatever your current widget size is, if you want the label to be created in a
box with width=200 and unlimited height:
Label(text='Very big big line', text_size=(200, None))
Note: This text_size property is the same as the usersize property in the Label class. (It
is named size= in the constructor.)
text_size is a ListProperty and defaults to (None, None), meaning no size restriction

by default.
texture
Texture object of the text. The text is rendered automatically when a property changes. The
OpenGL texture created in this operation is stored in this property. You can use this texture
for any graphics elements.
Depending on the texture creation, the value will be a Texture or TextureRegion object.
Warning: The texture update is scheduled for the next frame. If you need the texture
immediately after changing a property, you have to call the texture_update() method
before accessing texture:
l = Label(text='Hello world')
# l.texture is good
l.font_size = '50sp'
# l.texture is not updated yet
l.texture_update()
# l.texture is good now.

texture_size
Texture size of the text. The size is determined by the font size and text. If text_size is
[None, None], the texture will be the size required to fit the text, otherwise it’s clipped to fit
text_size.
When text_size is [None, None], one can bind to texture_size and rescale it proportionally
to fit the size of the label in order to make the text fit maximally in the label.
Warning: The texture_size is set after the texture property. If you listen for
changes to texture, texture_size will not be up-to-date in your callback. Bind to
texture_size instead.
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texture_update(*largs)
Force texture recreation with the current Label properties.
After this function call, the texture and texture_size will be updated in this order.
underline
Adds an underline to the text.

underline is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
unicode_errors
How to handle unicode decode errors. Can be ‘strict’, ‘replace’ or ‘ignore’.
unicode_errors is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘replace’.
valign
Vertical alignment of the text.
valign is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘bottom’. Available options are : ‘bottom’,
‘middle’ (or ‘center’) and ‘top’.
Changed in version 1.10.0: The ‘center’ option has been added as an alias of ‘middle’.
Warning: This doesn’t change the position of the text texture of the Label (centered),
only the position of the text within this texture. You probably want to bind the size of the
Label to the texture_size or set a text_size to change this behavior.
45.22 Layout
Layouts are used to calculate and assign widget positions.

The Layout class itself cannot be used directly. You should use one of the following layout classes:
• Anchor layout: kivy.uix.anchorlayout.AnchorLayout
• Box layout: kivy.uix.boxlayout.BoxLayout
• Float layout: kivy.uix.floatlayout.FloatLayout
• Grid layout: kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout
• Page Layout: kivy.uix.pagelayout.PageLayout
• Relative layout: kivy.uix.relativelayout.RelativeLayout
• Scatter layout: kivy.uix.scatterlayout.ScatterLayout
• Stack layout: kivy.uix.stacklayout.StackLayout
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45.22.1 Understanding the size_hint Property in Widget
The size_hint is a tuple of values used by layouts to manage the sizes of their children. It indicates
the size relative to the layout’s size instead of an absolute size (in pixels/points/cm/etc). The format
is:
widget.size_hint = (width_proportion, height_proportion)
The proportions are specified as floating point numbers in the range 0-1. For example, 0.5 represents
50%, 1 represents 100%.
If you want a widget’s width to be half of the parent’s width and the height to be identical to the parent’s
height, you would do:
widget.size_hint = (0.5, 1.0)
If you don’t want to use a size_hint for either the width or height, set the value to None. For example,
to make a widget that is 250px wide and 30% of the parent’s height, do:
widget.size_hint = (None, 0.3)

widget.width = 250
Being Kivy properties, these can also be set via constructor arguments:
widget = Widget(size_hint=(None, 0.3), width=250)
Changed in version 1.4.1: The reposition_child internal method (made public by mistake) has been re-
moved.
class kivy.uix.layout.Layout(**kwargs)
Layout interface class, used to implement every layout. See module documentation for more
information.
Parameters
gramming Guide.

>>> root = Widget()
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do_layout(*largs)
the next frame.
layout_hint_with_bounds(sh_sum, available_space, min_bounded_size, sh_min_vals,
sh_max_vals, hint)
(internal) Computes the appropriate (size) hint for all the widgets given (potential) min or
max bounds on the widgets’ size. The hint list is updated with appropriate sizes.
It walks through the hints and for any widgets whose hint will result in violating min or max
constraints, it fixes the hint. Any remaining or missing space after all the widgets are fixed
get distributed to the widgets making them smaller or larger according to their size hint.
This algorithms knows nothing about the widgets other than what is passed through the
input params, so it’s fairly generic for laying things out according to constraints using size
hints.
Parameters
sh_sum: float The sum of the size hints (basically sum(size_hint)).
available_space: float The amount of pixels available for all the widgets whose
size hint is not None. Cannot be zero.
min_bounded_size: float The minimum amount of space required according to
the size_hint_min of the widgets (basically sum(size_hint_min)).
sh_min_vals: list or iterable Items in the iterable are the size_hint_min for each
widget. Can be None. The length should be the same as hint
sh_max_vals: list or iterable Items in the iterable are the size_hint_max for
each widget. Can be None. The length should be the same as hint
hint: list A list whose size is the same as the length of sh_min_vals and
sh_min_vals whose each element is the corresponding size hint value of
that element. This list is updated in place with correct size hints that ensure
the constraints are not violated.
Returns Nothing. hint is updated in place.
Parameters

>>> root = Widget()
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45.23 ModalView
The ModalView widget is used to create modal views. By default, the view will cover the whole “main”
window.
Remember that the default size of a Widget is size_hint=(1, 1). If you don’t want your view to be
fullscreen, either use size hints with values lower than 1 (for instance size_hint=(.8, .8)) or deactivate
the size_hint and use fixed size attributes.
45.23.1 Examples
Example of a simple 400x400 Hello world view:
view = ModalView(size_hint=(None, None), size=(400, 400))

view.add_widget(Label(text='Hello world'))
By default, any click outside the view will dismiss it. If you don’t want that, you can set ModalView.
auto_dismiss to False:
view = ModalView(auto_dismiss=False)
view.open()
To manually dismiss/close the view, use the ModalView.dismiss() method of the ModalView in-
stance:
view.dismiss()
Both ModalView.open() and ModalView.dismiss() are bind-able. That means you can directly
bind the function to an action, e.g. to a button’s on_press
# create content and add it to the view

content = Button(text='Close me!')
view = ModalView(auto_dismiss=False)
view.add_widget(content)
# bind the on_press event of the button to the dismiss function

content.bind(on_press=view.dismiss)
# open the view

view.open()
45.23.2 ModalView Events
There are four events available: on_pre_open and on_open which are raised when the view is opening;
on_pre_dismiss and on_dismiss which are raised when the view is closed.
For on_dismiss, you can prevent the view from closing by explicitly returning True from your callback:
def my_callback(instance):
print('ModalView', instance, 'is being dismissed, but is prevented!')
return True
view = ModalView()
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view.bind(on_dismiss=my_callback)
view.open()
Changed in version 1.5.0: The ModalView can be closed by hitting the escape key on the keyboard if
the ModalView.auto_dismiss property is True (the default).
class kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.anchorlayout.AnchorLayout
ModalView class. See module documentation for more information.
Events
on_pre_open: Fired before the ModalView is opened. When this event is fired
ModalView is not yet added to window.
on_open: Fired when the ModalView is opened.
on_pre_dismiss: Fired before the ModalView is closed.
on_dismiss: Fired when the ModalView is closed. If the callback returns True, the
dismiss will be canceled.
Changed in version 1.11.0: Added events on_pre_open and on_pre_dismiss.
Changed in version 2.0.0: Added property ‘overlay_color’.
Changed in version 2.1.0: Marked attach_to property as deprecated.
attach_to
If a widget is set on attach_to, the view will attach to the nearest parent window of the
widget. If none is found, it will attach to the main/global Window.
attach_to is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
auto_dismiss
This property determines if the view is automatically dismissed when the user clicks outside
it.
auto_dismiss is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
background
Background image of the view used for the view background.
background is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/modalview-
background’.
background_color
This acts as a multiplier to the texture colour. The default texture is grey, so just setting the
background color will give a darker result. To set a plain color, set the background_normal
to ''.
The background_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [1, 1, 1, 1].
Changed in version 2.0.0: Changed behavior to affect the background of the widget itself,
not the overlay dimming. Changed from ListProperty to ColorProperty.
border
Border used for BorderImage graphics instruction. Used for the background_normal
and the background_down properties. Can be used when using custom backgrounds.
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It must be a list of four values: (bottom, right, top, left). Read the BorderImage instructions
border is a ListProperty and defaults to (16, 16, 16, 16).
dismiss(*_args, **kwargs)
Close the view if it is open.
If you really want to close the view, whatever the on_dismiss event returns, you can use the
force keyword argument:
view = ModalView()
view.dismiss(force=True)
When the view is dismissed, it will be faded out before being removed from the parent. If
you don’t want this animation, use:
view.dismiss(animation=False)
on__anim_alpha(_instance, value)
animation progress callback.
on_dismiss()
default dismiss event handler.
Parameters
on_open()
default open event handler.
on_pre_dismiss()
default pre-dismiss event handler.
on_pre_open()
default pre-open event handler.
touch down event handler.
touch moved event handler.
on_touch_up(touch)
touch up event handler.
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open(*_args, **kwargs)
Display the modal in the Window.
When the view is opened, it will be faded in with an animation. If you don’t want the
animation, use:
view.open(animation=False)
overlay_color
Overlay color in the format (r, g, b, a). Used for dimming the window behind the modal
view.
overlay_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [0, 0, 0, .7].
45.24 PageLayout
The PageLayout class is used to create a simple multi-page layout, in a way that allows easy flipping
from one page to another using borders.
PageLayout does not currently honor the size_hint, size_hint_min, size_hint_max, or
pos_hint properties.
Example:
PageLayout:
Button:
text: 'page1'
Button:
text: 'page2'
Button:
text: 'page3'
Transitions from one page to the next are made by swiping in from the border areas on the right or left
hand side. If you wish to display multiple widgets in a page, we suggest you use a containing layout.
Ideally, each page should consist of a single layout widget that contains the remaining widgets on
that page.
class kivy.uix.pagelayout.PageLayout(**kwargs)
PageLayout class. See module documentation for more information.
anim_kwargs
The animation kwargs used to construct the animation
anim_kwargs is a DictProperty and defaults to {‘d’: .5, ‘t’: ‘in_quad’}.
border
The width of the border around the current page used to display the previous/next page
swipe areas when needed.
border is a NumericProperty and defaults to 50dp.
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do_layout(*largs)
the next frame.
Parameters
on_touch_up(touch)
page
The currently displayed page.
page is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
swipe_threshold
The threshold used to trigger swipes as ratio of the widget size.
swipe_threshold is a NumericProperty and defaults to .5.
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45.25 Popup
The Popup widget is used to create modal popups. By default, the popup will cover the whole “parent”
window. When you are creating a popup, you must at least set a Popup.title and Popup.content.
Remember that the default size of a Widget is size_hint=(1, 1). If you don’t want your popup to be
fullscreen, either use size hints with values less than 1 (for instance size_hint=(.8, .8)) or deactivate the
size_hint and use fixed size attributes.
Changed in version 1.4.0: The Popup class now inherits from ModalView. The Popup offers a default
layout with a title and a separation bar.
45.25.1 Examples
Example of a simple 400x400 Hello world popup:
popup = Popup(title='Test popup',

content=Label(text='Hello world'),
size_hint=(None, None), size=(400, 400))
By default, any click outside the popup will dismiss/close it. If you don’t want that, you can set
auto_dismiss to False:
popup = Popup(title='Test popup', content=Label(text='Hello world'),

auto_dismiss=False)
popup.open()
To manually dismiss/close the popup, use dismiss:
popup.dismiss()
Both open() and dismiss() are bindable. That means you can directly bind the function to an action,
e.g. to a button’s on_press:
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# create content and add to the popup
content = Button(text='Close me!')
popup = Popup(content=content, auto_dismiss=False)
# bind the on_press event of the button to the dismiss function

content.bind(on_press=popup.dismiss)
# open the popup

popup.open()
Same thing in KV language only with Factory:
#:import Factory kivy.factory.Factory

<MyPopup@Popup>:
auto_dismiss: False
Button:
text: 'Close me!'
on_release: root.dismiss()
Button:
text: 'Open popup'
on_release: Factory.MyPopup().open()
Note: Popup is a special widget. Don’t try to add it as a child to any other widget. If you do, Popup
will be handled like an ordinary widget and won’t be created hidden in the background.
BoxLayout:
MyPopup: # bad!
45.25.2 Popup Events
There are two events available: on_open which is raised when the popup is opening, and on_dismiss
which is raised when the popup is closed. For on_dismiss, you can prevent the popup from closing by
explicitly returning True from your callback:
def my_callback(instance):
print('Popup', instance, 'is being dismissed but is prevented!')
return True
popup = Popup(content=Label(text='Hello world'))
popup.bind(on_dismiss=my_callback)
popup.open()
class kivy.uix.popup.Popup(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView
Popup class. See module documentation for more information.
Events
on_open: Fired when the Popup is opened.
on_dismiss: Fired when the Popup is closed. If the callback returns True, the dis-
miss will be canceled.
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Parameters
gramming Guide.

>>> root = Widget()
content
Content of the popup that is displayed just under the title.
content is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
touch down event handler.
separator_color
Color used by the separator between title and content.
separator_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [47 / 255., 167 / 255., 212 / 255.,
1.].
separator_height
Height of the separator.
separator_height is a NumericProperty and defaults to 2dp.
title
String that represents the title of the popup.
title is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘No title’.
title_align
Horizontal alignment of the title.
title_align is a OptionProperty and defaults to ‘left’. Available options are left, center,
right and justify.
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title_color
Color used by the Title.
title_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [1, 1, 1, 1].
title_font
Font used to render the title text.
title_font is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘Roboto’. This value is taken from
Config.
title_size
Represents the font size of the popup title.
title_size is a NumericProperty and defaults to ’14sp’.
exception kivy.uix.popup.PopupException
Bases: Exception
Popup exception, fired when multiple content widgets are added to the popup.
45.26 Progress Bar

The ProgressBar widget is used to visualize the progress of some task. Only the horizontal mode is
currently supported: the vertical mode is not yet available.
The progress bar has no interactive elements and is a display-only widget.
To use it, simply assign a value to indicate the current progress:
from kivy.uix.progressbar import ProgressBar

pb = ProgressBar(max=1000)
# this will update the graphics automatically (75% done)

pb.value = 750
class kivy.uix.progressbar.ProgressBar(**kwargs)
Class for creating a progress bar widget.
See module documentation for more details.
max
Maximum value allowed for value.
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value
Current value used for the slider.
value is an AliasProperty that returns the value of the progress bar. If the value is < 0 or
> max, it will be normalized to those boundaries.
Changed in version 1.6.0: The value is now limited to between 0 and max.
value_normalized
Normalized value inside the range 0-1:
>>> pb = ProgressBar(value=50, max=100)

>>> pb.value
50
>>> pb.value_normalized
0.5
value_normalized is an AliasProperty.
45.27 RecycleBoxLayout
The RecycleBoxLayout is designed to provide a BoxLayout type layout when used with the
RecycleView widget. Please refer to the recycleview module documentation for more informa-
tion.
class kivy.uix.recycleboxlayout.RecycleBoxLayout(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout, kivy.uix.boxlayout.BoxLayout
45.28 RecycleGridLayout
The RecycleGridLayout is designed to provide a GridLayout type layout when used with the
RecycleView widget. Please refer to the recycleview module documentation for more informa-
tion.
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class kivy.uix.recyclegridlayout.RecycleGridLayout(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout, kivy.uix.gridlayout.
GridLayout
45.29 RecycleLayout
class kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior, kivy.uix.
layout.Layout
RecycleLayout provides the default layout for RecycleViews.
default_height
Default height for items
default_height is a NumericProperty and default to 100.
default_pos_hint
Default pos_hint value for items
default_pos_hint is a DictProperty and defaults to {}.
default_size
size (width, height). Each value can be None.
default_size is an ReferenceListProperty to [default_width,
default_height].
default_size_hint
size (width, height). Each value can be None.
default_size_hint is an ReferenceListProperty to [default_size_hint_x,
default_size_hint_y].
default_size_hint_max
Default value for size_hint_max of items
default_size_max is a ReferenceListProperty to [default_size_hint_x_max,
default_size_hint_y_max].
default_size_hint_min
Default value for size_hint_min of items
default_size_min is a ReferenceListProperty to [default_size_hint_x_min,
default_size_hint_y_min].
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default_size_hint_x
Default size_hint_x for items
default_size_hint_x is a NumericProperty and default to None.
default_size_hint_x_max
Default value for size_hint_x_max of items
default_pos_hint_x_max is a NumericProperty and defaults to None.
default_size_hint_x_min
Default value for size_hint_x_min of items
default_pos_hint_x_min is a NumericProperty and defaults to None.
default_size_hint_y
Default size_hint_y for items
default_size_hint_y is a NumericProperty and default to None.
default_size_hint_y_max
Default value for size_hint_y_max of items
default_pos_hint_y_max is a NumericProperty and defaults to None.
default_size_hint_y_min
Default value for size_hint_y_min of items
default_pos_hint_y_min is a NumericProperty and defaults to None.
default_width
Default width for items
default_width is a NumericProperty and default to 100
do_layout(*largs)
the next frame.
initial_height
Initial height for the items.
initial_height is a NumericProperty and defaults to 100.
initial_size
Initial size of items
initial_size is a ReferenceListProperty to [initial_width, initial_height].
initial_width
Initial width for the items.
initial_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 100.
key_pos_hint
If set, which key in the dict should be used to set the pos_hint of items.
key_pos_hint is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
653
key_size
If set, which key in the dict should be used to set the size property of the item.
key_size is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
key_size_hint
If set, which key in the dict should be used to set the size_hint property of the item.
key_size_hint is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
key_size_hint_max
If set, which key in the dict should be used to set the size_hint_max property of the item.
key_size_hint_max is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
key_size_hint_min
If set, which key in the dict should be used to set the size_hint_min property of the item.
key_size_hint_min is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
See :meth:`~kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataAdapter.refresh_view_layout.
set_visible_views(indices, data, viewport)
45.30 Relative Layout

This layout allows you to set relative coordinates for children. If you want absolute positioning, use the
FloatLayout.
The RelativeLayout class behaves just like the regular FloatLayout except that its child widgets
are positioned relative to the layout.
When a widget with position = (0,0) is added to a RelativeLayout, the child widget will also move when
the position of the RelativeLayout is changed. The child widgets coordinates remain (0,0) as they are
always relative to the parent layout.
45.30.1 Coordinate Systems
Window coordinates
By default, there’s only one coordinate system that defines the position of widgets and touch events
dispatched to them: the window coordinate system, which places (0, 0) at the bottom left corner of
the window. Although there are other coordinate systems defined, e.g. local and parent coordinates,
these coordinate systems are identical to the window coordinate system as long as a relative layout type
widget is not in the widget’s parent stack. When widget.pos is read or a touch is received, the coordinate
values are in parent coordinates. But as mentioned, these are identical to window coordinates, even in
complex widget stacks as long as there’s no relative layout type widget in the widget’s parent stack.
For example:
BoxLayout:
Label:
text: 'Left'
Button:
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text: 'Middle'
on_touch_down: print('Middle: {}'.format(args[1].pos))
BoxLayout:
on_touch_down: print('Box: {}'.format(args[1].pos))
Button:
text: 'Right'
on_touch_down: print('Right: {}'.format(args[1].pos))
When the middle button is clicked and the touch propagates through the different parent coordinate
systems, it prints the following:
>>> Box: (430.0, 282.0)

>>> Right: (430.0, 282.0)
>>> Middle: (430.0, 282.0)
As claimed, the touch has identical coordinates to the window coordinates in every coordinate system.
collide_point() for example, takes the point in window coordinates.
Parent coordinates
Other RelativeLayout type widgets are Scatter, ScatterLayout, and ScrollView. If such a
special widget is in the parent stack, only then does the parent and local coordinate system diverge
from the window coordinate system. For each such widget in the stack, a coordinate system with (0, 0)
of that coordinate system being at the bottom left corner of that widget is created. Position and touch
coordinates received and read by a widget are in the coordinate system of the most recent special
widget in its parent stack (not including itself) or in window coordinates if there are none (as in the
first example). We call these coordinates parent coordinates.
For example:
BoxLayout:
Label:
text: 'Left'
Button:
text: 'Middle'
on_touch_down: print('Middle: {}'.format(args[1].pos))
RelativeLayout:
on_touch_down: print('Relative: {}'.format(args[1].pos))
Button:
text: 'Right'
on_touch_down: print('Right: {}'.format(args[1].pos))
Clicking on the middle button prints:
>>> Relative: (396.0, 298.0)

>>> Right: (-137.33, 298.0)
>>> Middle: (396.0, 298.0)
As the touch propagates through the widgets, for each widget, the touch is received in parent coordi-
nates. Because both the relative and middle widgets don’t have these special widgets in their parent
stack, the touch is the same as window coordinates. Only the right widget, which has a RelativeLayout
in its parent stack, receives the touch in coordinates relative to that RelativeLayout which is different
than window coordinates.
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Local and Widget coordinates
When expressed in parent coordinates, the position is expressed in the coordinates of the most recent
special widget in its parent stack, not including itself. When expressed in local or widget coordinates,
the widgets themselves are also included.
Changing the above example to transform the parent coordinates into local coordinates:
BoxLayout:
Label:
text: 'Left'
Button:
text: 'Middle'
on_touch_down: print('Middle: {}'.format(self.to_local(*args[1].
,→pos)))
RelativeLayout:
on_touch_down: print('Relative: {}'.format(self.to_local(*args[1].
,→pos)))
Button:
text: 'Right'
on_touch_down: print('Right: {}'.format(self.to_local(*args[1].
,→pos)))
Now, clicking on the middle button prints:
>>> Relative: (-135.33, 301.0)

>>> Right: (-135.33, 301.0)
>>> Middle: (398.0, 301.0)
This is because now the relative widget also expresses the coordinates relative to itself.
Note: Although all widgets including RelativeLayout receive their touch events in on_touch_xxx
in parent coordinates, these special widgets will transform the touch position to be in local coordinates
before it calls super. This may only be noticeable in a complex inheritance class.
Coordinate transformations
Widget provides 4 functions to transform coordinates between the various coordinate systems.
For now, we assume that the relative keyword of these functions is False. to_widget() takes
the coordinates expressed in window coordinates and returns them in local (widget) coordinates.
to_window() takes the coordinates expressed in local coordinates and returns them in window co-
ordinates. to_parent() takes the coordinates expressed in local coordinates and returns them in
parent coordinates. to_local() takes the coordinates expressed in parent coordinates and returns
them in local coordinates.
Each of the 4 transformation functions take a relative parameter. When the relative parameter is True,
the coordinates are returned or originate in true relative coordinates - relative to a coordinate system
with its (0, 0) at the bottom left corner of the widget in question.
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45.30.2 Common Pitfalls
As all positions within a RelativeLayout are relative to the position of the layout itself, the position
of the layout should never be used in determining the position of sub-widgets or the layout’s canvas.
Take the following kv code for example:
Fig. 1: expected result
Fig. 2: actual result
FloatLayout:
Widget:
size: 200, 200
pos: 200, 200
canvas:
Color:
rgba: 1, 1, 1, 1
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
RelativeLayout:
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size: 200, 200
pos: 200, 200
canvas:
Color:
rgba: 1, 0, 0, 0.5
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos # incorrect
size: self.size
You might expect this to render a single pink rectangle; however, the content of the RelativeLayout
is already transformed, so the use of pos: self.pos will double that transformation. In this case, using pos:
0, 0 or omitting pos completely will provide the expected result.
This also applies to the position of sub-widgets. Instead of positioning a Widget based on the layout’s
own position:
RelativeLayout:
Widget:
pos: self.parent.pos
Widget:
center: self.parent.center
use the pos_hint property:
RelativeLayout:
Widget:
pos_hint: {'x': 0, 'y': 0}
Widget:
pos_hint: {'center_x': 0.5, 'center_y': 0.5}
Changed in version 1.7.0: Prior to version 1.7.0, the RelativeLayout was implemented as a
FloatLayout inside a Scatter. This behaviour/widget has been renamed to ScatterLayout. The
RelativeLayout now only supports relative positions (and can’t be rotated, scaled or translated on
a multitouch system using two or more fingers). This was done so that the implementation could be
optimized and avoid the heavier calculations of Scatter (e.g. inverse matrix, recalculating multiple
properties etc.)
class kivy.uix.relativelayout.RelativeLayout(**kw)
RelativeLayout class, see module documentation for more information.
do_layout(*args)
the next frame.
Parameters
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Parameters
on_touch_up(touch)
to_local(x, y, **k)
Transform parent coordinates to local (current widget) coordinates.
See relativelayout for details on the coordinate systems.
Parameters
relative: bool, defaults to False Change to True if you want to translate coordi-
nates to relative widget coordinates.
to_parent(x, y, **k)
Transform local (current widget) coordinates to parent coordinates.
Parameters
relative: bool, defaults to False Change to True if you want to translate relative
positions from a widget to its parent coordinates.
45.31 reStructuredText renderer

reStructuredText is an easy-to-read, what-you-see-is-what-you-get plaintext markup syntax and parser
system.
Note: This widget requires the docutils package to run. Install it with pip or include it as one of
your deployment requirements.
659
Warning: This widget is highly experimental. The styling and implementation should not be
considered stable until this warning has been removed.
45.31.1 Usage with Text
text = """
.. _top:
Hello world
===========
This is an **emphased text**, some `ìnterpreted text``.

And this is a reference to top_::
$ print("Hello world")
"""
document = RstDocument(text=text)
The rendering will output:
45.31.2 Usage with Source
You can also render a rst file using the source property:
document = RstDocument(source='index.rst')
You can reference other documents using the role :doc:. For example, in the document index.rst
you can write:
Go to my next document: :doc:`moreinfo.rst`
It will generate a link that, when clicked, opens the moreinfo.rst document.
class kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument(**kwargs)
Base widget used to store an Rst document. See module documentation for more information.
background_color
Specifies the background_color to be used for the RstDocument.
background_color is an AliasProperty for colors[‘background’].
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base_font_size
Font size for the biggest title, 31 by default. All other font sizes are derived from this.
colors
Dictionary of all the colors used in the RST rendering.
Warning: This dictionary is needs special handling. You also need to call
RstDocument.render() if you change them after loading.
colors is a DictProperty.
document_root
Root path where :doc: will search for rst documents. If no path is given, it will use the
directory of the first loaded source file.
document_root is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
goto(ref, *largs)
Scroll to the reference. If it’s not found, nothing will be done.
For this text:
.. _myref:
This is something I always wanted.
You can do:

doc = RstDocument(...)
Clock.schedule_once(partial(doc.goto, 'myref'), 0.1)
Note: It is preferable to delay the call of the goto if you just loaded the document because
the layout might not be finished or the size of the RstDocument has not yet been determined.
In either case, the calculation of the scrolling would be wrong.
You can, however, do a direct call if the document is already loaded.

preload(filename, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')
Preload a rst file to get its toctree and its title.
The result will be stored in toctrees with the filename as key.
render()
Force document rendering.
resolve_path(filename)
Get the path for this filename. If the filename doesn’t exist, it returns the document_root +
filename.
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show_errors
Indicate whether RST parsers errors should be shown on the screen or not.
show_errors is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
source
Filename of the RST document.
source is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
source_encoding
Encoding to be used for the source file.
source_encoding is a StringProperty and defaults to utf-8.
Note: It is your responsibility to ensure that the value provided is a valid codec supported
by python.
source_error
Error handling to be used while encoding the source file.
source_error is an OptionProperty and defaults to strict. Can be one of ‘strict’, ‘ignore’,
‘replace’, ‘xmlcharrefreplace’ or ‘backslashreplac’.
text
RST markup text of the document.
text is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
title
Title of the current document.
title is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘’. It is read-only.
toctrees
Toctree of all loaded or preloaded documents. This dictionary is filled when a rst document
is explicitly loaded or where preload() has been called.
If the document has no filename, e.g. when the document is loaded from a text file, the key
will be ‘’.
toctrees is a DictProperty and defaults to {}.
underline_color
underline color of the titles, expressed in html color notation
underline_color is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘204a9699’.
45.32 Sandbox
This is a widget that runs itself and all of its children in a Sandbox. That means if a child raises an
Exception, it will be caught. The Sandbox itself runs its own Clock, Cache, etc.
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The SandBox widget is still experimental and required for the Kivy designer. When the user designs
their own widget, if they do something wrong (wrong size value, invalid python code), it will be caught
correctly without breaking the whole application. Because it has been designed that way, we are still
enhancing this widget and the kivy.context module. Don’t use it unless you know what you are
doing.
class kivy.uix.sandbox.Sandbox(**kwargs)
Sandbox widget, used to trap all the exceptions raised by child widgets.
Parameters
gramming Guide.

>>> root = Widget()
to remove.
on_context_created()
Override this method in order to load your kv file or do anything else with the newly created
context.
on_exception(exception, _traceback=None)
Override this method in order to catch all the exceptions from children.
If you return True, it will not reraise the exception. If you return False, the exception will be
raised to the parent.
Parameters
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Parameters
on_touch_up(touch)
Parameters

>>> root = Widget()
45.33 Scatter
Scatter is used to build interactive widgets that can be translated, rotated and scaled with two or
more fingers on a multitouch system.
Scatter has its own matrix transformation: the modelview matrix is changed before the children are
drawn and the previous matrix is restored when the drawing is finished. That makes it possible to
perform rotation, scaling and translation over the entire children tree without changing any widget
properties. That specific behavior makes the scatter unique, but there are some advantages / constraints
that you should consider:
1. The children are positioned relative to the scatter similarly to a RelativeLayout. So when
dragging the scatter, the position of the children don’t change, only the position of the scatter
does.
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2. The scatter size has no impact on the size of its children.
3. If you want to resize the scatter, use scale, not size (read #2). Scale transforms both the scatter and
its children, but does not change size.
4. The scatter is not a layout. You must manage the size of the children yourself.
For touch events, the scatter converts from the parent matrix to the scatter matrix automatically
in on_touch_down/move/up events. If you are doing things manually, you will need to use
to_parent() and to_local().
45.33.1 Usage
By default, the Scatter does not have a graphical representation: it is a container only. The idea is to
combine the Scatter with another widget, for example an Image:
scatter = Scatter()
image = Image(source='sun.jpg')
scatter.add_widget(image)
45.33.2 Control Interactions
By default, all interactions are enabled. You can selectively disable them using the do_rotation,
do_translation and do_scale properties.
Disable rotation:
scatter = Scatter(do_rotation=False)
Allow only translation:
scatter = Scatter(do_rotation=False, do_scale=False)
Allow only translation on x axis:
scatter = Scatter(do_rotation=False, do_scale=False,

do_translation_y=False)
45.33.3 Automatic Bring to Front
If the Scatter.auto_bring_to_front property is True, the scatter widget will be removed and re-
added to the parent when it is touched (brought to front, above all other widgets in the parent). This is
useful when you are manipulating several scatter widgets and don’t want the active one to be partially
hidden.
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45.33.4 Scale Limitation
We are using a 32-bit matrix in double representation. That means we have a limit for scaling. You
cannot do infinite scaling down/up with our implementation. Generally, you don’t hit the minimum
scale (because you don’t see it on the screen), but the maximum scale is 9.99506983235e+19 (2^66).
You can also limit the minimum and maximum scale allowed:
scatter = Scatter(scale_min=.5, scale_max=3.)
45.33.5 Behavior
Changed in version 1.1.0: If no control interactions are enabled, then the touch handler will never return
True.
class kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter(**kwargs)
Scatter class. See module documentation for more information.
Events
on_transform_with_touch: Fired when the scatter has been transformed by user
touch or multitouch, such as panning or zooming.
on_bring_to_front: Fired when the scatter is brought to the front.
Changed in version 1.9.0: Event on_bring_to_front added.
Changed in version 1.8.0: Event on_transform_with_touch added.
apply_transform(trans, post_multiply=False, anchor=(0, 0))
Transforms the scatter by applying the “trans” transformation matrix (on top of its current
transformation state). The resultant matrix can be found in the transform property.
Parameters
trans: Matrix. Transformation matrix to be applied to the scatter widget.
anchor: tuple, defaults to (0, 0). The point to use as the origin of the transfor-
mation (uses local widget space).
post_multiply: bool, defaults to False. If True, the transform matrix is post
multiplied (as if applied before the current transform).
Usage example:
from kivy.graphics.transformation import Matrix

mat = Matrix().scale(3, 3, 3)
scatter_instance.apply_transform(mat)
auto_bring_to_front
If True, the widget will be automatically pushed on the top of parent widget list for drawing.
auto_bring_to_front is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
bbox
Bounding box of the widget in parent space:
((x, y), (w, h))

# x, y = lower left corner
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bbox is an AliasProperty.
collide_point(x, y)
Check if a point (x, y) is inside the widget’s axis aligned bounding box.
Parameters
x: numeric x position of the point (in parent coordinates)
y: numeric y position of the point (in parent coordinates)
Returns A bool. True if the point is inside the bounding box, False otherwise.
>>> Widget(pos=(10, 10), size=(50, 50)).collide_point(40, 40)

True
do_collide_after_children
If True, the collision detection for limiting the touch inside the scatter will be done after
dispaching the touch to the children. You can put children outside the bounding box of the
scatter and still be able to touch them.
do_collide_after_children is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
do_rotation
Allow rotation.
do_rotation is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
do_scale
Allow scaling.
do_scale is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
do_translation
Allow translation on the X or Y axis.
do_translation is an AliasProperty of (do_translation_x +
do_translation_y)
do_translation_x
Allow translation on the X axis.
do_translation_x is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
do_translation_y
Allow translation on Y axis.
do_translation_y is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
on_bring_to_front(touch)
Called when a touch event causes the scatter to be brought to the front of the parent (only if
auto_bring_to_front is True)
Parameters
touch: The touch object which brought the scatter to front.
Parameters
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Parameters
on_touch_up(touch)
on_transform_with_touch(touch)
Called when a touch event has transformed the scatter widget. By default this does nothing,
but can be overridden by derived classes that need to react to transformations caused by user
input.
Parameters
touch: The touch object which triggered the transformation.
rotation
Rotation value of the scatter in degrees moving in a counterclockwise direction.
rotation is an AliasProperty and defaults to 0.0.
scale
Scale value of the scatter.
scale is an AliasProperty and defaults to 1.0.
scale_max
Maximum scaling factor allowed.
scale_max is a NumericProperty and defaults to 1e20.
scale_min
Minimum scaling factor allowed.
scale_min is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.01.
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to_local(x, y, **k)
Parameters
Parameters
transform
Transformation matrix.
transform is an ObjectProperty and defaults to the identity matrix.
Note: This matrix reflects the current state of the transformation matrix but setting it di-
rectly will erase previously applied transformations. To apply a transformation considering
context, please use the apply_transform method.
transform_inv
Inverse of the transformation matrix.
transform_inv is an ObjectProperty and defaults to the identity matrix.
translation_touches
Determine whether translation was triggered by a single or multiple touches. This only has
effect when do_translation = True.
translation_touches is a NumericProperty and defaults to 1.
class kivy.uix.scatter.ScatterPlane(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter
This is essentially an unbounded Scatter widget. It’s a convenience class to make it easier to
handle infinite planes.
collide_point(x, y)
Parameters

True
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45.34 Scatter Layout
This layout behaves just like a RelativeLayout. When a widget is added with position =
(0,0) to a ScatterLayout, the child widget will also move when you change the position of the
ScatterLayout. The child widget’s coordinates remain (0,0) as they are relative to the parent lay-
out.
However, since ScatterLayout is implemented using a Scatter widget, you can also translate,
rotate and scale the layout using touches or clicks, just like in the case of a normal Scatter widget, and
the child widgets will behave as expected.
In contrast to a Scatter, the Layout favours ‘hint’ properties, such as size_hint, size_hint_x, size_hint_y
and pos_hint.
Note: The ScatterLayout is implemented as a FloatLayout inside a Scatter.
Warning: Since the actual ScatterLayout is a Scatter, its add_widget and remove_widget
functions are overridden to add children to the embedded FloatLayout (accessible as the content
property of Scatter) automatically. So if you want to access the added child elements, you need
self.content.children instead of self.children.
Warning: The ScatterLayout was introduced in 1.7.0 and was called RelativeLayout in prior
versions. The RelativeLayout is now an optimized implementation that uses only a positional
transform to avoid some of the heavier calculation involved for Scatter.
class kivy.uix.scatterlayout.ScatterLayout(**kw)
ScatterLayout class, see module documentation for more information.
Parameters
gramming Guide.

>>> root = Widget()
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to remove.
Parameters

>>> root = Widget()
class kivy.uix.scatterlayout.ScatterPlaneLayout(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.scatter.ScatterPlane
ScatterPlaneLayout class, see module documentation for more information.
Similar to ScatterLayout, but based on ScatterPlane - so the input is not bounded.
collide_point(x, y)
Parameters

True
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45.35 Screen Manager

The screen manager is a widget dedicated to managing multiple screens for your application. The
default ScreenManager displays only one Screen at a time and uses a TransitionBase to switch
from one Screen to another.
Multiple transitions are supported based on changing the screen coordinates / scale or even performing
fancy animation using custom shaders.
45.35.1 Basic Usage
Let’s construct a Screen Manager with 4 named screens. When you are creating a screen, you absolutely
need to give a name to it:
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import ScreenManager, Screen
# Create the manager

sm = ScreenManager()
# Add few screens

for i in range(4):
screen = Screen(name='Title %d' % i)
sm.add_widget(screen)
# By default, the first screen added into the ScreenManager will be

# displayed. You can then change to another screen.
# Let's display the screen named 'Title 2'

# A transition will automatically be used.
sm.current = 'Title 2'
The default ScreenManager.transition is a SlideTransition with options direction and

duration.
Please note that by default, a Screen displays nothing: it’s just a RelativeLayout. You need to use
that class as a root widget for your own screen, the best way being to subclass.
Warning: As Screen is a RelativeLayout, it is important to understand the Common Pitfalls.
Here is an example with a ‘Menu Screen’ and a ‘Settings Screen’:

# Create both screens. Please note the root.manager.current: this is how

# you can control the ScreenManager from kv. Each screen has by default a
# property manager that gives you the instance of the ScreenManager used.
Builder.load_string("""
<MenuScreen>:
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BoxLayout:
Button:
text: 'Goto settings'
on_press: root.manager.current = 'settings'
Button:
text: 'Quit'
<SettingsScreen>:
BoxLayout:
Button:
text: 'My settings button'
Button:
text: 'Back to menu'
on_press: root.manager.current = 'menu'
""")
# Declare both screens

class MenuScreen(Screen):
pass
class SettingsScreen(Screen):
pass
class TestApp(App):
def build(self):
# Create the screen manager
sm.add_widget(MenuScreen(name='menu'))
sm.add_widget(SettingsScreen(name='settings'))
return sm
if __name__ == '__main__':
TestApp().run()
45.35.2 Changing Direction
A common use case for ScreenManager involves using a SlideTransition which slides right to
the next screen and slides left to the previous screen. Building on the previous example, this can be
accomplished like so:
<MenuScreen>:
BoxLayout:
Button:
text: 'Goto settings'
on_press:
root.manager.transition.direction = 'left'
root.manager.current = 'settings'
Button:
text: 'Quit'
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<SettingsScreen>:
BoxLayout:
Button:
text: 'My settings button'
Button:
text: 'Back to menu'
on_press:
root.manager.transition.direction = 'right'
root.manager.current = 'menu'
""")
45.35.3 Advanced Usage
From 1.8.0, you can now switch dynamically to a new screen, change the transition options and remove
the previous one by using switch_to():
screens = [Screen(name='Title {}'.format(i)) for i in range(4)]
sm.switch_to(screens[0])
# later
sm.switch_to(screens[1], direction='right')
Note that this method adds the screen to the ScreenManager instance and should not be used if your
screens have already been added to this instance. To switch to a screen which is already added, you
should use the current property.
45.35.4 Changing transitions
You have multiple transitions available by default, such as:

• NoTransition - switches screens instantly with no animation
• SlideTransition - slide the screen in/out, from any direction
• CardTransition - new screen slides on the previous or the old one slides off the new one de-
pending on the mode
• SwapTransition - implementation of the iOS swap transition
• FadeTransition - shader to fade the screen in/out
• WipeTransition - shader to wipe the screens from right to left
• FallOutTransition - shader where the old screen ‘falls’ and becomes transparent, revealing
the new one behind it.
• RiseInTransition - shader where the new screen rises from the screen centre while fading
from transparent to opaque.
You can easily switch transitions by changing the ScreenManager.transition property:
sm = ScreenManager(transition=FadeTransition())
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Note: Currently, none of Shader based Transitions use anti-aliasing. This is because they use the FBO
which doesn’t have any logic to handle supersampling. This is a known issue and we are working on a
transparent implementation that will give the same results as if it had been rendered on screen.
To be more concrete, if you see sharp edged text during the animation, it’s normal.
class kivy.uix.screenmanager.CardTransition
Bases: kivy.uix.screenmanager.SlideTransition
Card transition that looks similar to Android 4.x application drawer interface animation.
It supports 4 directions like SlideTransition: left, right, up and down, and two modes, pop and
push. If push mode is activated, the previous screen does not move, and the new one slides in
from the given direction. If the pop mode is activated, the previous screen slides out, when the
new screen is already on the position of the ScreenManager.
New in version 1.10.
mode
Indicates if the transition should push or pop the screen on/off the ScreenManager.
• ‘push’ means the screen slides in in the given direction
• ‘pop’ means the screen slides out in the given direction
mode is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘push’.
start(manager)
(internal) Starts the transition. This is automatically called by the ScreenManager.
class kivy.uix.screenmanager.FadeTransition
Bases: kivy.uix.screenmanager.ShaderTransition
Fade transition, based on a fragment Shader.
class kivy.uix.screenmanager.FallOutTransition
Transition where the new screen ‘falls’ from the screen centre, becoming smaller and more trans-
parent until it disappears, and revealing the new screen behind it. Mimics the popular/standard
Android transition.
duration
Duration in seconds of the transition, replacing the default of TransitionBase.
duration is a NumericProperty and defaults to .15 (= 150ms).
class kivy.uix.screenmanager.NoTransition
Bases: kivy.uix.screenmanager.TransitionBase
No transition, instantly switches to the next screen with no delay or animation.
class kivy.uix.screenmanager.RiseInTransition
Transition where the new screen rises from the screen centre, becoming larger and changing from
transparent to opaque until it fills the screen. Mimics the popular/standard Android transition.
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duration
Duration in seconds of the transition, replacing the default of TransitionBase.
class kivy.uix.screenmanager.Screen(**kw)
Screen is an element intended to be used with a ScreenManager. Check module documentation
Events
on_pre_enter: () Event fired when the screen is about to be used: the entering ani-
mation is started.
on_enter: () Event fired when the screen is displayed: the entering animation is
complete.
on_pre_leave: () Event fired when the screen is about to be removed: the leaving
animation is started.
on_leave: () Event fired when the screen is removed: the leaving animation is fin-
ished.
Changed in version 1.6.0: Events on_pre_enter, on_enter, on_pre_leave and on_leave were added.
manager
ScreenManager object, set when the screen is added to a manager.
manager is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None, read-only.
name
Name of the screen which must be unique within a ScreenManager. This is the name used
for ScreenManager.current.
name is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘’.
transition_progress
Value that represents the completion of the current transition, if any is occurring.
If a transition is in progress, whatever the mode, the value will change from 0 to 1. If you
want to know if it’s an entering or leaving animation, check the transition_state.
transition_progress is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
transition_state
Value that represents the state of the transition:
• ‘in’ if the transition is going to show your screen
• ‘out’ if the transition is going to hide your screen
After the transition is complete, the state will retain its last value (in or out).
transition_state is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘out’.
class kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager(**kwargs)
Screen manager. This is the main class that will control your Screen stack and memory.
By default, the manager will show only one screen at a time.
Changed in version 2.1.0: Renamed argument screen to widget.
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clear_widgets(children=None, *args, **kwargs)
Changed in version 2.1.0: Renamed argument screens to children.
current
Name of the screen currently shown, or the screen to show.
sm.add_widget(Screen(name='first'))
sm.add_widget(Screen(name='second'))
# By default, the first added screen will be shown. If you want to

# show another one, just set the 'current' property.
sm.current = 'second'
current is a StringProperty and defaults to None.

current_screen
Contains the currently displayed screen. You must not change this property manually, use
current instead.
current_screen is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None, read-only.
get_screen(name)
Return the screen widget associated with the name or raise a ScreenManagerException
if not found.
has_screen(name)
Return True if a screen with the name has been found.
next()
Return the name of the next screen from the screen list.
Parameters
Parameters
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on_touch_up(touch)
previous()
Return the name of the previous screen from the screen list.
Parameters

>>> root = Widget()
screen_names
List of the names of all the Screen widgets added. The list is read only.
screens_names is an AliasProperty and is read-only. It is updated if the screen list
changes or the name of a screen changes.
screens
List of all the Screen widgets added. You should not change this list manually. Use the
add_widget method instead.
screens is a ListProperty and defaults to [], read-only.
switch_to(screen, **options)
Add a new or existing screen to the ScreenManager and switch to it. The previous screen will
be “switched away” from. options are the transition options that will be changed before
the animation happens.
If no previous screens are available, the screen will be used as the main one:
sm.switch_to(screen1)
# later
sm.switch_to(screen2, direction='left')
# later
sm.switch_to(screen3, direction='right', duration=1.)
If any animation is in progress, it will be stopped and replaced by this one: you should avoid
this because the animation will just look weird. Use either switch_to() or current but
not both.
The screen name will be changed if there is any conflict with the current screen.
transition
Transition object to use for animating the transition from the current screen to the next one
being shown.
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For example, if you want to use a WipeTransition between slides:
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import ScreenManager, Screen,

WipeTransition
sm = ScreenManager(transition=WipeTransition())
sm.add_widget(Screen(name='first'))
sm.add_widget(Screen(name='second'))
# by default, the first added screen will be shown. If you want to

# show another one, just set the 'current' property.
sm.current = 'second'
transition is an ObjectProperty and defaults to a SlideTransition.

Changed in version 1.8.0: Default transition has been changed from SwapTransition to
SlideTransition.
exception kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManagerException
Bases: Exception
Exception for the ScreenManager.
class kivy.uix.screenmanager.ShaderTransition
Transition class that uses a Shader for animating the transition between 2 screens. By default,
this class doesn’t assign any fragment/vertex shader. If you want to create your own fragment
shader for the transition, you need to declare the header yourself and include the “t”, “tex_in”
and “tex_out” uniform:
# Create your own transition. This shader implements a "fading"

# transition.
fs = """$HEADER
uniform float t;
uniform sampler2D tex_in;
uniform sampler2D tex_out;
void main(void) {
vec4 cin = texture2D(tex_in, tex_coord0);
vec4 cout = texture2D(tex_out, tex_coord0);
gl_FragColor = mix(cout, cin, t);
}
"""
# And create your transition

tr = ShaderTransition(fs=fs)
sm = ScreenManager(transition=tr)
add_screen(screen)
(internal) Used to add a screen to the ScreenManager.
clearcolor
Sets the color of Fbo ClearColor.
clearcolor is a ColorProperty and defaults to [0, 0, 0, 1].
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fs
Fragment shader to use.
fs is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
remove_screen(screen)
(internal) Used to remove a screen from the ScreenManager.
stop()
(internal) Stops the transition. This is automatically called by the ScreenManager.
vs
Vertex shader to use.
vs is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
class kivy.uix.screenmanager.SlideTransition
Slide Transition, can be used to show a new screen from any direction: left, right, up or down.
direction
Direction of the transition.
direction is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘left’. Can be one of ‘left’, ‘right’, ‘up’
or ‘down’.
class kivy.uix.screenmanager.SwapTransition(**kwargs)
Swap transition that looks like iOS transition when a new window appears on the screen.
add_screen(screen)
start(manager)
class kivy.uix.screenmanager.TransitionBase
TransitionBase is used to animate 2 screens within the ScreenManager. This class acts as a base
for other implementations like the SlideTransition and SwapTransition.
Events
on_progress: Transition object, progression float Fired during the animation of
the transition.
on_complete: Transition object Fired when the transition is finished.
add_screen(screen)
duration
Duration in seconds of the transition.
Changed in version 1.8.0: Default duration has been changed from 700ms to 400ms.
is_active
Indicate whether the transition is currently active or not.
is_active is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False, read-only.
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manager
ScreenManager object, set when the screen is added to a manager.
manager is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None, read-only.
remove_screen(screen)
(internal) Used to remove a screen from the ScreenManager.
screen_in
Property that contains the screen to show. Automatically set by the ScreenManager.
screen_in is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
screen_out
Property that contains the screen to hide. Automatically set by the ScreenManager.
screen_out is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
start(manager)
stop()
(internal) Stops the transition. This is automatically called by the ScreenManager.
class kivy.uix.screenmanager.WipeTransition
Wipe transition, based on a fragment Shader.
45.36 ScrollView
The ScrollView widget provides a scrollable/pannable viewport that is clipped at the scrollview’s
bounding box.
45.36.1 Scrolling Behavior
The ScrollView accepts only one child and applies a viewport/window to it according to the scroll_x
and scroll_y properties. Touches are analyzed to determine if the user wants to scroll or control the
child in some other manner: you cannot do both at the same time. To determine if interaction is a
scrolling gesture, these properties are used:
• scroll_distance: the minimum distance to travel, defaults to 20 pixels.
• scroll_timeout: the maximum time period, defaults to 55 milliseconds.
If a touch travels scroll_distance pixels within the scroll_timeout period, it is recognized as a
scrolling gesture and translation (scroll/pan) will begin. If the timeout occurs, the touch down event is
dispatched to the child instead (no translation).
The default value for those settings can be changed in the configuration file:
[widgets]
scroll_timeout = 250
scroll_distance = 20
New in version 1.1.1: ScrollView now animates scrolling in Y when a mousewheel is used.
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45.36.2 Limiting to the X or Y Axis
By default, the ScrollView allows scrolling along both the X and Y axes. You can explicitly disable
scrolling on an axis by setting the do_scroll_x or do_scroll_y properties to False.
45.36.3 Managing the Content Size and Position
The ScrollView manages the position of its children similarly to a RelativeLayout but does not use
the size_hint. You must carefully specify the size of your content to get the desired scroll/pan
effect.
By default, the size_hint is (1, 1), so the content size will fit your ScrollView exactly (you will have
nothing to scroll). You must deactivate at least one of the size_hint instructions (x or y) of the child to
enable scrolling. Setting size_hint_min to not be None will also enable scrolling for that dimension
when the ScrollView is smaller than the minimum size.
To scroll a GridLayout on it’s Y-axis/vertically, set the child’s width to that of the ScrollView
(size_hint_x=1), and set the size_hint_y property to None:

from kivy.uix.scrollview import ScrollView
from kivy.app import runTouchApp
layout = GridLayout(cols=1, spacing=10, size_hint_y=None)

# Make sure the height is such that there is something to scroll.
layout.bind(minimum_height=layout.setter('height'))
for i in range(100):
btn = Button(text=str(i), size_hint_y=None, height=40)
layout.add_widget(btn)
root = ScrollView(size_hint=(1, None), size=(Window.width, Window.height))
root.add_widget(layout)
runTouchApp(root)
Kv Example:
ScrollView:
do_scroll_x: False
do_scroll_y: True
Label:
size_hint_y: None
height: self.texture_size[1]
text_size: self.width, None
padding: 10, 10
text:
'really some amazing text\n' * 100
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45.36.4 Overscroll Effects

When scrolling would exceed the bounds of the ScrollView, it uses a ScrollEffect to handle the
overscroll. These effects can perform actions like bouncing back, changing opacity, or simply preventing
scrolling beyond the normal boundaries. Note that complex effects may perform many computations,
which can be slow on weaker hardware.
You can change what effect is being used by setting effect_cls to any effect class. Current options
include:
• ScrollEffect: Does not allow scrolling beyond the ScrollView boundaries.
• DampedScrollEffect: The current default. Allows the user to scroll beyond the normal bound-
aries, but has the content spring back once the touch/click is released.
• OpacityScrollEffect: Similar to the DampedScrollEffect, but also reduces opacity dur-
ing overscroll.
You can also create your own scroll effect by subclassing one of these, then pass it as the effect_cls
in the same way.
Alternatively, you can set effect_x and/or effect_y to an instance of the effect you want to use.
This will override the default effect set in effect_cls.
All the effects are located in the kivy.effects.
class kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.stencilview.StencilView
ScrollView class. See module documentation for more information.
Events
on_scroll_start Generic event fired when scrolling starts from touch.
on_scroll_move Generic event fired when scrolling move from touch.
on_scroll_stop Generic event fired when scrolling stops from touch.
Changed in version 1.9.0: on_scroll_start, on_scroll_move and on_scroll_stop events are now dis-
patched when scrolling to handle nested ScrollViews.
Changed in version 1.7.0: auto_scroll, scroll_friction, scroll_moves, scroll_stoptime’ has been deprecated,
use :attr:èffect_cls instead.
Parameters
gramming Guide.
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>>> root = Widget()
always_overscroll
Make sure user can overscroll even if there is not enough content to require scrolling.
This is useful if you want to trigger some action on overscroll, but there is not always enough
content to trigger it.
always_overscroll is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
The option was added and enabled by default, set to False to get the previous behavior of
only allowing to overscroll when there is enough content to allow scrolling.
bar_color
Color of horizontal / vertical scroll bar, in RGBA format.
bar_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [.7, .7, .7, .9].
bar_inactive_color
Color of horizontal / vertical scroll bar (in RGBA format), when no scroll is happening.
bar_inactive_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [.7, .7, .7, .2].
bar_margin
Margin between the bottom / right side of the scrollview when drawing the horizontal /
vertical scroll bar.
bar_margin is a NumericProperty, default to 0
bar_pos
Which side of the scroll view to place each of the bars on.
bar_pos is a ReferenceListProperty of (bar_pos_x, bar_pos_y)
bar_pos_x
Which side of the ScrollView the horizontal scroll bar should go on. Possible values are ‘top’
and ‘bottom’.
bar_pos_x is an OptionProperty, defaults to ‘bottom’.
bar_pos_y
Which side of the ScrollView the vertical scroll bar should go on. Possible values are ‘left’
and ‘right’.
bar_pos_y is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘right’.
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bar_width
Width of the horizontal / vertical scroll bar. The width is interpreted as a height for the
horizontal bar.
bar_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 2.
convert_distance_to_scroll(dx, dy)
Convert a distance in pixels to a scroll distance, depending on the content size and the scrol-
lview size.
The result will be a tuple of scroll distance that can be added to scroll_x and scroll_y
do_scroll
Allow scroll on X or Y axis.
do_scroll is a AliasProperty of (do_scroll_x + do_scroll_y)
do_scroll_x
Allow scroll on X axis.
do_scroll_x is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
do_scroll_y
Allow scroll on Y axis.
do_scroll_y is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
effect_cls
Class effect to instantiate for X and Y axis.
effect_cls is an ObjectProperty and defaults to DampedScrollEffect.
Changed in version 1.8.0: If you set a string, the Factory will be used to resolve the class.
effect_x
Effect to apply for the X axis. If None is set, an instance of effect_cls will be created.
effect_x is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
effect_y
Effect to apply for the Y axis. If None is set, an instance of effect_cls will be created.
effect_y is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None, read-only.
hbar
Return a tuple of (position, size) of the horizontal scrolling bar.
The position and size are normalized between 0-1, and represent a proportion of the current
scrollview height. This property is used internally for drawing the little horizontal bar when
you’re scrolling.
hbar is a AliasProperty, readonly.
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Parameters
Parameters
on_touch_up(touch)
Parameters

>>> root = Widget()
scroll_distance
Distance to move before scrolling the ScrollView, in pixels. As soon as the distance has
been traveled, the ScrollView will start to scroll, and no touch event will go to children. It
is advisable that you base this value on the dpi of your target device’s screen.
scroll_distance is a NumericProperty and defaults to 20 (pixels), according to the
default value in user configuration.
scroll_timeout
moved scroll_distance within the timeout, the scrolling will be disabled, and the touch
event will go to the children.
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scroll_timeout is a NumericProperty and defaults to 55 (milliseconds) according to
the default value in user configuration.
Changed in version 1.5.0: Default value changed from 250 to 55.
scroll_to(widget, padding=10, animate=True)
Scrolls the viewport to ensure that the given widget is visible, optionally with padding and
animation. If animate is True (the default), then the default animation parameters will be
used. Otherwise, it should be a dict containing arguments to pass to Animation constructor.
scroll_type
Sets the type of scrolling to use for the content of the scrollview. Available options are: [‘con-
tent’], [‘bars’], [‘bars’, ‘content’].
[‘content’] Content is scrolled by dragging or swiping the content directly.

[‘bars’] Content is scrolled by dragging or swiping the scroll bars.
[‘bars’, ‘content’] Content is scrolled by either of the above methods.

scroll_type is an OptionProperty and defaults to [‘content’].
scroll_wheel_distance
Distance to move when scrolling with a mouse wheel. It is advisable that you base this value
on the dpi of your target device’s screen.
scroll_wheel_distance is a NumericProperty , defaults to 20 pixels.
scroll_x
X scrolling value, between 0 and 1. If 0, the content’s left side will touch the left side of the
ScrollView. If 1, the content’s right side will touch the right side.
This property is controlled by ScrollView only if do_scroll_x is True.
scroll_x is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
scroll_y
Y scrolling value, between 0 and 1. If 0, the content’s bottom side will touch the bottom side
of the ScrollView. If 1, the content’s top side will touch the top side.
This property is controlled by ScrollView only if do_scroll_y is True.
scroll_y is a NumericProperty and defaults to 1.
smooth_scroll_end
Whether smooth scroll end should be used when scrolling with the mouse-wheel and the
factor of transforming the scroll distance to velocity. This option also enables velocity addi-
tion meaning if you scroll more, you will scroll faster and further. The recommended value
is 10. The velocity is calculated as scroll_wheel_distance * smooth_scroll_end.
smooth_scroll_end is a NumericProperty and defaults to None.
to_local(x, y, **k)
Parameters
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Parameters
update_from_scroll(*largs)
Force the reposition of the content, according to current value of scroll_x and scroll_y.
This method is automatically called when one of the scroll_x, scroll_y, pos or size
properties change, or if the size of the content changes.
vbar
Return a tuple of (position, size) of the vertical scrolling bar.
The position and size are normalized between 0-1, and represent a proportion of the current
scrollview height. This property is used internally for drawing the little vertical bar when
you’re scrolling.
vbar is a AliasProperty, readonly.
viewport_size
(internal) Size of the internal viewport. This is the size of your only child in the scrollview.
45.37 Settings
This module provides a complete and extensible framework for adding a Settings interface to your ap-
plication. By default, the interface uses a SettingsWithSpinner, which consists of a Spinner (top)
to switch between individual settings panels (bottom). See Different panel layouts for some alternatives.
688
A SettingsPanel represents a group of configurable options. The SettingsPanel.title prop-
erty is used by Settings when a panel is added: it determines the name of the sidebar button. Set-
tingsPanel controls a ConfigParser instance.
The panel can be automatically constructed from a JSON definition file: you describe the settings you
want and corresponding sections/keys in the ConfigParser instance. . . and you’re done!
Settings are also integrated into the App class. Use Settings.add_kivy_panel() to configure the
Kivy core settings in a panel.
45.37.1 Create a panel from JSON
To create a panel from a JSON-file, you need two things:

• a ConfigParser instance with default values
• a JSON file
Warning: The kivy.config.ConfigParser is required. You cannot use the default Config-
Parser from Python libraries.
You must create and handle the ConfigParser object. SettingsPanel will read the values from the
associated ConfigParser instance. Make sure you have set default values (using setdefaults) for all
the sections/keys in your JSON file!
The JSON file contains structured information to describe the available settings. Here is an example:
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[
{
"type": "title",
"title": "Windows"
},
{
"type": "bool",
"title": "Fullscreen",
"desc": "Set the window in windowed or fullscreen",
"section": "graphics",
"key": "fullscreen"
}
]
Each element in the root list represents a setting that the user can configure. Only the “type” key is
mandatory: an instance of the associated class will be created and used for the setting - other keys are
assigned to corresponding properties of that class.
Type Associated class

title SettingTitle
bool SettingBoolean
numeric SettingNumeric
options SettingOptions
string SettingString
path SettingPath
color SettingColor
New in version 1.1.0: Added SettingPath type

New in version 2.1.0: Added SettingColor type
In the JSON example above, the first element is of type “title”. It will create a new instance of
SettingTitle and apply the rest of the key-value pairs to the properties of that class, i.e. “title”:
“Windows” sets the title property of the panel to “Windows”.
To load the JSON example to a Settings instance, use the Settings.add_json_panel() method.
It will automatically instantiate a SettingsPanel and add it to Settings:
from kivy.config import ConfigParser
config = ConfigParser()
config.read('myconfig.ini')
s = Settings()
s.add_json_panel('My custom panel', config, 'settings_custom.json')
s.add_json_panel('Another panel', config, 'settings_test2.json')
# then use the s as a widget...
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45.37.2 Different panel layouts
A kivy App can automatically create and display a Settings instance. See the settings_cls docu-
mentation for details on how to choose which settings class to display.
Several pre-built settings widgets are available. All except SettingsWithNoMenu include close but-
tons triggering the on_close event.
• Settings: Displays settings with a sidebar at the left to switch between json panels.
• SettingsWithSidebar: A trivial subclass of Settings.
• SettingsWithSpinner: Displays settings with a spinner at the top, which can be used to switch
between json panels. Uses InterfaceWithSpinner as the interface_cls. This is the default
behavior from Kivy 1.8.0.
• SettingsWithTabbedPanel: Displays json panels as individual tabs in a TabbedPanel. Uses
InterfaceWithTabbedPanel as the interface_cls.
• SettingsWithNoMenu: Displays a single json panel, with no way to switch to other panels
and no close button. This makes it impossible for the user to exit unless close_settings() is
overridden with a different close trigger! Uses InterfaceWithNoMenu as the interface_cls.
You can construct your own settings panels with any layout you choose by setting Settings.
interface_cls. This should be a widget that displays a json settings panel with some way to switch
between panels. An instance will be automatically created by Settings.
Interface widgets may be anything you like, but must have a method add_panel that receives
newly created json settings panels for the interface to display. See the documentation for
InterfaceWithSidebar for more information. They may optionally dispatch an on_close event,
for instance if a close button is clicked. This event is used by Settings to trigger its own on_close
event.
For a complete, working example, please see kivy/examples/settings/main.py.
class kivy.uix.settings.ContentPanel(**kwargs)
A class for displaying settings panels. It displays a single settings panel at a time, taking
up the full size and shape of the ContentPanel. It is used by InterfaceWithSidebar and
InterfaceWithSpinner to display settings.
add_panel(panel, name, uid)
This method is used by Settings to add new panels for possible display. Any replacement for
ContentPanel must implement this method.
Parameters
panel: SettingsPanel It should be stored and displayed when requested.
name: The name of the panel as a string. It may be used to represent the panel.
uid: A unique int identifying the panel. It should be stored and used to identify
panels when switching.
Parameters
691
gramming Guide.

>>> root = Widget()
container
(internal) A reference to the GridLayout that contains the settings panel.
container is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
current_panel
(internal) A reference to the current settings panel.
current_panel is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
current_uid
(internal) A reference to the uid of the current settings panel.
current_uid is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
on_current_uid(*args)
The uid of the currently displayed panel. Changing this will automatically change the dis-
played panel.
Parameters
uid: A panel uid. It should be used to retrieve and display a settings panel that
has previously been added with add_panel().
panels
(internal) Stores a dictionary mapping settings panels to their uids.
panels is a DictProperty and defaults to {}.
Parameters

>>> root = Widget()
class kivy.uix.settings.InterfaceWithSidebar(*args, **kwargs)

692
The default Settings interface class. It displays a sidebar menu with names of available settings
panels, which may be used to switch which one is currently displayed.
See add_panel() for information on the method you must implement if creating your own
interface.
This class also dispatches an event ‘on_close’, which is triggered when the sidebar menu’s close
button is released. If creating your own interface widget, it should also dispatch such an event
which will automatically be caught by Settings and used to trigger its own ‘on_close’ event.
add_panel(panel, name, uid)
This method is used by Settings to add new panels for possible display. Any replacement for
ContentPanel must implement this method.
Parameters
panel: SettingsPanel It should be stored and the interface should provide a
way to switch between panels.
name: The name of the panel as a string. It may be used to represent the panel
but isn’t necessarily unique.
uid: A unique int identifying the panel. It should be used to identify and switch
between panels.
content
(internal) A reference to the panel display widget (a ContentPanel).
menu
(internal) A reference to the sidebar menu widget.
menu is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
class kivy.uix.settings.MenuSidebar(**kwargs)
The menu used by InterfaceWithSidebar. It provides a sidebar with an entry for each set-
tings panel, which the user may click to select.
add_item(name, uid)
This method is used to add new panels to the menu.
Parameters
name: The name (a string) of the panel. It should be used to represent the panel
in the menu.
uid: The name (an int) of the panel. It should be used internally to represent the
panel and used to set self.selected_uid when the panel is changed.
buttons_layout
(internal) Reference to the GridLayout that contains individual settings panel menu buttons.
buttons_layout is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
close_button
(internal) Reference to the widget’s Close button.
buttons_layout is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
on_selected_uid(*args)
(internal) unselects any currently selected menu buttons, unless they represent the current
panel.
693
selected_uid
The uid of the currently selected panel. This may be used to switch between displayed pan-
els, e.g. by binding it to the current_uid of a ContentPanel.
selected_uid is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
class kivy.uix.settings.SettingBoolean(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.settings.SettingItem
Implementation of a boolean setting on top of a SettingItem. It is visualized with a Switch
widget. By default, 0 and 1 are used for values: you can change them by setting values.
values
Values used to represent the state of the setting. If you want to use “yes” and “no” in your
ConfigParser instance:
SettingBoolean(..., values=['no', 'yes'])
Warning: You need a minimum of two values, the index 0 will be used as False, and
index 1 as True
values is a ListProperty and defaults to [‘0’, ‘1’]

class kivy.uix.settings.SettingItem(**kwargs)
Base class for individual settings (within a panel). This class cannot be used directly; it is used for
implementing the other setting classes. It builds a row with a title/description (left) and a setting
control (right).
Look at SettingBoolean, SettingNumeric and SettingOptions for usage examples.
Events
on_release Fired when the item is touched and then released.
Parameters
gramming Guide.

>>> root = Widget()
694
content
(internal) Reference to the widget that contains the real setting. As soon as the content object
is set, any further call to add_widget will call the content.add_widget. This is automatically
set.
desc
Description of the setting, rendered on the line below the title.
desc is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
disabled
Indicate if this setting is disabled. If True, all touches on the setting item will be discarded.
disabled is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
key
Key of the token inside the section in the ConfigParser instance.
key is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
Parameters
on_touch_up(touch)
panel
(internal) Reference to the SettingsPanel for this setting. You don’t need to use it.
panel is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
section
Section of the token inside the ConfigParser instance.
section is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
selected_alpha
(internal) Float value from 0 to 1, used to animate the background when the user touches the
item.
selected_alpha is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
title
Title of the setting, defaults to ‘<No title set>’.
title is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘<No title set>’.
695
value
Value of the token according to the ConfigParser instance. Any change to this value will
trigger a Settings.on_config_change() event.
value is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
class kivy.uix.settings.SettingNumeric(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.settings.SettingString
Implementation of a numeric setting on top of a SettingString. It is visualized with a Label
widget that, when clicked, will open a Popup with a Textinput so the user can enter a custom
value.
class kivy.uix.settings.SettingOptions(**kwargs)
Implementation of an option list on top of a SettingItem. It is visualized with a Label widget
that, when clicked, will open a Popup with a list of options from which the user can select.
options
List of all availables options. This must be a list of “string” items. Otherwise, it will crash. :)
options is a ListProperty and defaults to [].
popup
(internal) Used to store the current popup when it is shown.
popup is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
class kivy.uix.settings.SettingPath(**kwargs)
Implementation of a Path setting on top of a SettingItem. It is visualized with a Label widget
that, when clicked, will open a Popup with a FileChooserListView so the user can enter a
custom value.
dirselect
Whether to allow selection of directories.
dirselect is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
popup
(internal) Used to store the current popup when it is shown.
show_hidden
Whether to show ‘hidden’ filenames. What that means is operating-system-dependent.
show_hidden is an BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
textinput
(internal) Used to store the current textinput from the popup and to listen for changes.
textinput is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
696
class kivy.uix.settings.SettingString(**kwargs)
Implementation of a string setting on top of a SettingItem. It is visualized with a Label widget
that, when clicked, will open a Popup with a Textinput so the user can enter a custom value.
popup
(internal) Used to store the current popup when it’s shown.
textinput
(internal) Used to store the current textinput from the popup and to listen for changes.
textinput is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
class kivy.uix.settings.SettingTitle(**kwargs)
A simple title label, used to organize the settings in sections.
class kivy.uix.settings.Settings(*args, **kargs)
Settings UI. Check module documentation for more information on how to use this class.
Events
on_config_change: ConfigParser instance, section, key, value Fired when the sec-
tion’s key-value pair of a ConfigParser changes.
on_close Fired by the default panel when the Close button is pressed.
add_interface()
(Internal) creates an instance of Settings.interface_cls, and sets it to interface.
When json panels are created, they will be added to this interface which will display them to
the user.
add_json_panel(title, config, filename=None, data=None)
Create and add a new SettingsPanel using the configuration config with the JSON defi-
nition filename. If filename is not set, then the JSON definition is read from the data parameter
instead.
Check the Create a panel from JSON section in the documentation for more information about
JSON format and the usage of this function.
add_kivy_panel()
Add a panel for configuring Kivy. This panel acts directly on the kivy configuration. Feel
free to include or exclude it in your configuration.
See use_kivy_settings() for information on enabling/disabling the automatic kivy
panel.
create_json_panel(title, config, filename=None, data=None)
Create new SettingsPanel.
Check the documentation of add_json_panel() for more information.
interface
(internal) Reference to the widget that will contain, organise and display the panel configu-
ration panel widgets.
interface is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
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interface_cls
The widget class that will be used to display the graphical interface for the settings panel. By
default, it displays one Settings panel at a time with a sidebar to switch between them.
interface_cls is an ObjectProperty and defaults to InterfaceWithSidebar.
Parameters
register_type(tp, cls)
Register a new type that can be used in the JSON definition.
class kivy.uix.settings.SettingsPanel(**kwargs)
This class is used to construct panel settings, for use with a Settings instance or subclass.
config
A kivy.config.ConfigParser instance. See module documentation for more informa-
tion.
get_value(section, key)
Return the value of the section/key from the config ConfigParser instance. This function
is used by SettingItem to get the value for a given section/key.
If you don’t want to use a ConfigParser instance, you might want to override this function.
settings
A Settings instance that will be used to fire the on_config_change event.
title
Title of the panel. The title will be reused by the Settings in the sidebar.
class kivy.uix.settings.SettingsWithNoMenu(*args, **kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.settings.Settings
A settings widget that displays a single settings panel with no Close button. It will not accept
more than one Settings panel. It is intended for use in programs with few enough settings that a
full panel switcher is not useful.
Warning: This Settings panel does not provide a Close button, and so it is impossible to leave
the settings screen unless you also add other behaviour or override display_settings()
and close_settings().
class kivy.uix.settings.SettingsWithSidebar(*args, **kargs)

A settings widget that displays settings panels with a sidebar to switch between them. This is the
default behaviour of Settings, and this widget is a trivial wrapper subclass.
698
class kivy.uix.settings.SettingsWithSpinner(*args, **kwargs)
A settings widget that displays one settings panel at a time with a spinner at the top to switch
between them.
class kivy.uix.settings.SettingsWithTabbedPanel(*args, **kwargs)
A settings widget that displays settings panels as pages in a TabbedPanel.
45.38 Slider
The Slider widget looks like a scrollbar. It supports horizontal and vertical orientations, min/max
values and a default value.
To create a slider from -100 to 100 starting from 25:
from kivy.uix.slider import Slider

s = Slider(min=-100, max=100, value=25)
To create a vertical slider:

s = Slider(orientation='vertical')
To create a slider with a red line tracking the value:

s = Slider(value_track=True, value_track_color=[1, 0, 0, 1])
Kv Example:
BoxLayout:
Slider:
id: slider
min: 0
max: 100
step: 1
Label:
text: str(slider.value)
class kivy.uix.slider.Slider(**kwargs)
Class for creating a Slider widget.
699
Check module documentation for more details.
background_disabled_horizontal
Background of the disabled slider used in the horizontal orientation.
background_disabled_horizontal is a StringProperty and defaults to at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/sliderh_background_disabled.
background_disabled_vertical
Background of the disabled slider used in the vertical orientation.
background_disabled_vertical is a StringProperty and defaults to at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/sliderv_background_disabled.
background_horizontal
Background of the slider used in the horizontal orientation.
background_horizontal is a StringProperty and defaults to at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/sliderh_background.
background_vertical
Background of the slider used in the vertical orientation.
background_vertical is a StringProperty and defaults to at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/sliderv_background.
background_width
Slider’s background’s width (thickness), used in both horizontal and vertical orientations.
background_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 36sp.
border_horizontal
Border used to draw the slider background in horizontal orientation.
border_horizontal is a ListProperty and defaults to [0, 18, 0, 18].
border_vertical
Border used to draw the slider background in vertical orientation.
border_horizontal is a ListProperty and defaults to [18, 0, 18, 0].
cursor_disabled_image
Path of the image used to draw the disabled slider cursor.
cursor_image is a StringProperty and defaults to at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/slider_cursor_disabled.
cursor_height
Height of the cursor image.
cursor_height is a NumericProperty and defaults to 32sp.
cursor_image
Path of the image used to draw the slider cursor.
cursor_image is a StringProperty and defaults to at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/slider_cursor.
700
cursor_size
Size of the cursor image.
cursor_size is a ReferenceListProperty of (cursor_width, cursor_height)
properties.
cursor_width
Width of the cursor image.
cursor_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 32sp.
max
Maximum value allowed for value.
min
Minimum value allowed for value.
min is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
Parameters
on_touch_up(touch)
orientation
Orientation of the slider.
orientation is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘horizontal’. Can take a value of
padding
Padding of the slider. The padding is used for graphical representation and interaction. It
prevents the cursor from going out of the bounds of the slider bounding box.
By default, padding is 16sp. The range of the slider is reduced from padding *2 on the screen.
It allows drawing the default cursor of 32sp width without having the cursor go out of the
widget.
padding is a NumericProperty and defaults to 16sp.
range
Range of the slider in the format (minimum value, maximum value):
701
>>> slider = Slider(min=10, max=80)
>>> slider.range
[10, 80]
>>> slider.range = (20, 100)
>>> slider.min
20
>>> slider.max
100
range is a ReferenceListProperty of (min, max) properties.

sensitivity
Whether the touch collides with the whole body of the widget or with the slider handle part
only.
sensitivity is a OptionProperty and defaults to ‘all’. Can take a value of ‘all’ or ‘han-
dle’.
step
Step size of the slider.
Determines the size of each interval or step the slider takes between min and max. If the
value range can’t be evenly divisible by step the last step will be capped by slider.max. A
zero value will result in the smallest possible intervals/steps, calculated from the (pixel)
position of the slider.
step is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
value
Current value used for the slider.
value is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
value_normalized
Normalized value inside the range (min/max) to 0-1 range:
>>> slider = Slider(value=50, min=0, max=100)

>>> slider.value
50
>>> slider.value_normalized
0.5
>>> slider.value = 0
0
>>> slider.value = 100
1
You can also use it for setting the real value without knowing the minimum and maximum:
>>> slider = Slider(min=0, max=200)

>>> slider.value_normalized = .5
>>> slider.value
100
>>> slider.value_normalized = 1.
702
>>> slider.value
200
value_normalized is an AliasProperty.
value_pos
Position of the internal cursor, based on the normalized value.
value_pos is an AliasProperty.
value_track
Decides if slider should draw the line indicating the space between min and value proper-
ties values.
value_track is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
value_track_color
Color of the value_line in rgba format.
value_track_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [1, 1, 1, 1].
value_track_width
Width of the track line.
value_track_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 3dp.
45.39 Spinner
Spinner is a widget that provides a quick way to select one value from a set. In the default state, a
spinner shows its currently selected value. Touching the spinner displays a dropdown menu with all
the other available values from which the user can select a new one.
Example:
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from kivy.uix.spinner import Spinner
spinner = Spinner(
# default value shown
text='Home',
# available values
values=('Home', 'Work', 'Other', 'Custom'),
# just for positioning in our example
size_hint=(None, None),
size=(100, 44),
pos_hint={'center_x': .5, 'center_y': .5})
def show_selected_value(spinner, text):

print('The spinner', spinner, 'has text', text)
spinner.bind(text=show_selected_value)
runTouchApp(spinner)
Kv Example:
FloatLayout:
Spinner:
size: 100, 44
pos_hint: {'center': (.5, .5)}
text: 'Home'
values: 'Home', 'Work', 'Other', 'Custom'
on_text:
print("The spinner {} has text {}".format(self, self.text))
class kivy.uix.spinner.Spinner(**kwargs)
Spinner class, see module documentation for more information.
dropdown_cls
Class used to display the dropdown list when the Spinner is pressed.
dropdown_cls is an ObjectProperty and defaults to DropDown.
Changed in version 1.8.0: If set to a string, the Factory will be used to resolve the class
name.
is_open
By default, the spinner is not open. Set to True to open it.
option_cls
Class used to display the options within the dropdown list displayed under the Spinner. The
text property of the class will be used to represent the value.
The option class requires:
• a text property, used to display the value.
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• an on_release event, used to trigger the option when pressed/touched.
• a size_hint_y of None.
• the height to be set.
option_cls is an ObjectProperty and defaults to SpinnerOption.
sync_height
Each element in a dropdown list uses a default/user-supplied height. Set to True to propa-
gate the Spinner’s height value to each dropdown list element.
sync_height is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
text_autoupdate
Indicates if the spinner’s text should be automatically updated with the first value of the
values property. Setting it to True will cause the spinner to update its text property every
time attr:values are changed.
text_autoupdate is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
values
Values that can be selected by the user. It must be a list of strings.
values is a ListProperty and defaults to [].
class kivy.uix.spinner.SpinnerOption(**kwargs)
Special button used in the Spinner dropdown list. By default, this is just a Button with a
size_hint_y of None and a height of 48dp.
45.40 Splitter
The Splitter is a widget that helps you re-size its child widget/layout by letting you re-size it via
dragging the boundary or double tapping the boundary. This widget is similar to the ScrollView in
that it allows only one child widget.
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Usage:
splitter = Splitter(sizable_from = 'right')

splitter.add_widget(layout_or_widget_instance)
splitter.min_size = 100
splitter.max_size = 250
To change the size of the strip/border used for resizing:
splitter.strip_size = '10pt'
To change its appearance:
splitter.strip_cls = your_custom_class
You can also change the appearance of the strip_cls, which defaults to SplitterStrip, by overriding
the kv rule in your app:
<SplitterStrip>:
horizontal: True if self.parent and self.parent.sizable_from[0] in ('t
,→', 'b') else False
background_normal: 'path to normal horizontal image' if self.

,→horizontal else 'path to vertical normal image'
background_down: 'path to pressed horizontal image' if self.horizontal

,→else 'path to vertical pressed image'
class kivy.uix.splitter.Splitter(**kwargs)
See module documentation.
Events
on_press: Fired when the splitter is pressed.
on_release: Fired when the splitter is released.
Changed in version 1.6.0: Added on_press and on_release events.
Parameters
gramming Guide.

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>>> root = Widget()
border
Border used for the BorderImage graphics instruction.
This must be a list of four values: (bottom, right, top, left). Read the BorderImage instructions
to remove.
keep_within_parent
If True, will limit the splitter to stay within its parent widget.
keep_within_parent is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
max_size
Specifies the maximum size beyond which the widget is not resizable.
max_size is a NumericProperty and defaults to 500pt.
min_size
Specifies the minimum size beyond which the widget is not resizable.
min_size is a NumericProperty and defaults to 100pt.
Parameters

>>> root = Widget()
rescale_with_parent
If True, will automatically change size to take up the same proportion of the parent wid-
get when it is resized, while staying within min_size and max_size. As long as these
attributes can be satisfied, this stops the Splitter from exceeding the parent size during
rescaling.
rescale_with_parent is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
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sizable_from
Specifies whether the widget is resizable. Options are: left, right, top or bottom
sizable_from is an OptionProperty and defaults to left.
strip_cls
Specifies the class of the resize Strip.
strip_cls is an kivy.properties.ObjectProperty and defaults to
SplitterStrip, which is of type Button.
strip_size
Specifies the size of resize strip
strp_size is a NumericProperty defaults to 10pt
45.41 Stack Layout

The StackLayout arranges children vertically or horizontally, as many as the layout can fit. The size
of the individual children widgets do not have to be uniform.
For example, to display widgets that get progressively larger in width:
root = StackLayout()
for i in range(25):
btn = Button(text=str(i), width=40 + i * 5, size_hint=(None, 0.15))
root.add_widget(btn)
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class kivy.uix.stacklayout.StackLayout(**kwargs)
Stack layout class. See module documentation for more information.
do_layout(*largs)
the next frame.
minimum_height
Minimum height needed to contain all children. It is automatically set by the layout.
minimum_height is a kivy.properties.NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
minimum_size
Minimum size needed to contain all children. It is automatically set by the layout.
properties.
minimum_width
Minimum width needed to contain all children. It is automatically set by the layout.
minimum_width is a kivy.properties.NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
orientation
orientation is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘lr-tb’.
Valid orientations are ‘lr-tb’, ‘tb-lr’, ‘rl-tb’, ‘tb-rl’, ‘lr-bt’, ‘bt-lr’, ‘rl-bt’ and ‘bt-rl’.
Changed in version 1.5.0: orientation now correctly handles all valid combinations of
‘lr’,’rl’,’tb’,’bt’. Before this version only ‘lr-tb’ and ‘tb-lr’ were supported, and ‘tb-lr’ was
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misnamed and placed widgets from bottom to top and from right to left (reversed compared
to what was expected).
Note: ‘lr’ means Left to Right. ‘rl’ means Right to Left. ‘tb’ means Top to Bottom. ‘bt’ means
Bottom to Top.
padding
Padding between the layout box and it’s children: [padding_left, padding_top,
single argument form [padding].
Changed in version 1.7.0: Replaced the NumericProperty with a VariableListProperty.
spacing
Spacing between children: [spacing_horizontal, spacing_vertical].
spacing also accepts a single argument form [spacing].
spacing is a VariableListProperty and defaults to [0, 0].
45.42 Stencil View

StencilView limits the drawing of child widgets to the StencilView’s bounding box. Any drawing
outside the bounding box will be clipped (trashed).
The StencilView uses the stencil graphics instructions under the hood. It provides an efficient way to
clip the drawing area of children.
Note: As with the stencil graphics instructions, you cannot stack more than 128 stencil-aware widgets.
Note: StencilView is not a layout. Consequently, you have to manage the size and position of its
children directly. You can combine (subclass both) a StencilView and a Layout in order to achieve a
layout’s behavior. For example:
class BoxStencil(BoxLayout, StencilView):

pass
class kivy.uix.stencilview.StencilView(**kwargs)
StencilView class. See module documentation for more information.
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45.43 Switch
The Switch widget is active or inactive, like a mechanical light switch. The user can swipe to the
left/right to activate/deactivate it:
switch = Switch(active=True)
To attach a callback that listens to the activation state:

print('the switch', instance, 'is', value)
switch = Switch()
switch.bind(active=callback)
By default, the representation of the widget is static. The minimum size required is 83x32 pixels (defined
by the background image). The image is centered within the widget.
The entire widget is active, not just the part with graphics. As long as you swipe over the widget’s
bounding box, it will work.
Note: If you want to control the state with a single touch instead of a swipe, use the ToggleButton
instead.
Kv Example:
BoxLayout:
Label:
text: 'power up'
Switch:
id: switch
Label:
text: 'woooooooooooh' if switch.active else ''
class kivy.uix.switch.Switch(**kwargs)
Switch class. See module documentation for more information.
active
Indicate whether the switch is active or inactive.
active is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
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active_norm_pos
(internal) Contains the normalized position of the movable element inside the switch, in the
0-1 range.
active_norm_pos is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
Parameters
on_touch_up(touch)
touch_control
(internal) Contains the touch that currently interacts with the switch.
touch_control is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
touch_distance
(internal) Contains the distance between the initial position of the touch and the current
position to determine if the swipe is from the left or right.
touch_distance is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
45.44 TabbedPanel
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The TabbedPanel widget manages different widgets in tabs, with a header area for the actual tab buttons
and a content area for showing the current tab content.
The TabbedPanel provides one default tab.
'''
TabbedPanel
============
Test of the widget TabbedPanel.

'''

from kivy.uix.tabbedpanel import TabbedPanel
<Test>:
size_hint: .5, .5
do_default_tab: False
TabbedPanelItem:
text: 'first tab'
Label:
text: 'First tab content area'
TabbedPanelItem:
text: 'tab2'
BoxLayout:
Label:
text: 'Second tab content area'
Button:
text: 'Button that does nothing'
TabbedPanelItem:
text: 'tab3'
RstDocument:
text:
'\\n'.join(("Hello world", "-----------",
"You are in the third tab."))
""")
class Test(TabbedPanel):
pass
class TabbedPanelApp(App):
def build(self):
return Test()
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if __name__ == '__main__':
TabbedPanelApp().run()
Note: A new class TabbedPanelItem has been introduced in 1.5.0 for convenience. So now one can
simply add a TabbedPanelItem to a TabbedPanel and content to the TabbedPanelItem as in the
example provided above.
45.44.2 Customize the Tabbed Panel
You can choose the position in which the tabs are displayed:
tab_pos = 'top_mid'
An individual tab is called a TabbedPanelHeader. It is a special button containing a content property.

You add the TabbedPanelHeader first, and set its content property separately:
tp = TabbedPanel()
th = TabbedPanelHeader(text='Tab2')
tp.add_widget(th)
An individual tab, represented by a TabbedPanelHeader, needs its content set. This content can be any
widget. It could be a layout with a deep hierarchy of widgets, or it could be an individual widget, such
as a label or a button:
th.content = your_content_instance
There is one “shared” main content area active at any given time, for all the tabs. Your app is responsible
for adding the content of individual tabs and for managing them, but it’s not responsible for content
switching. The tabbed panel handles switching of the main content object as per user action.
There is a default tab added when the tabbed panel is instantiated. Tabs that you add individually as
above, are added in addition to the default tab. Thus, depending on your needs and design, you will
want to customize the default tab:
tp.default_tab_text = 'Something Specific To Your Use'
The default tab machinery requires special consideration and management. Accordingly, an
on_default_tab event is provided for associating a callback:
tp.bind(default_tab = my_default_tab_callback)
It’s important to note that by default, default_tab_cls is of type TabbedPanelHeader and thus
has the same properties as other tabs.
Since 1.5.0, it is now possible to disable the creation of the default_tab by setting do_default_tab
to False.
Tabs and content can be removed in several ways:
tp.remove_widget(widget/tabbed_panel_header)
or
tp.clear_widgets() # to clear all the widgets in the content area
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or
tp.clear_tabs() # to remove the TabbedPanelHeaders
To access the children of the tabbed panel, use content.children:
tp.content.children
To access the list of tabs:
tp.tab_list
To change the appearance of the main tabbed panel content:
background_color = (1, 0, 0, .5) #50% translucent red

border = [0, 0, 0, 0]
background_image = 'path/to/background/image'
To change the background of a individual tab, use these two properties:
tab_header_instance.background_normal = 'path/to/tab_head/img'
tab_header_instance.background_down = 'path/to/tab_head/img_pressed'
A TabbedPanelStrip contains the individual tab headers. To change the appearance of this tab strip,
override the canvas of TabbedPanelStrip. For example, in the kv language:
<TabbedPanelStrip>
canvas:
Color:
rgba: (0, 1, 0, 1) # green
Rectangle:
size: self.size
pos: self.pos
By default the tabbed panel strip takes its background image and color from the tabbed panel’s back-
ground_image and background_color.
class kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.StripLayout(**kwargs)
The main layout that is used to house the entire tabbedpanel strip including the blank areas in
case the tabs don’t cover the entire width/height.
background_image
Background image to be used for the Strip layout of the TabbedPanel.
background_image is a StringProperty and defaults to a transparent image.
border
Border property for the background_image.
border is a ListProperty and defaults to [4, 4, 4, 4]
class kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel(**kwargs)
The TabbedPanel class. See module documentation for more information.
715
Parameters
gramming Guide.

>>> root = Widget()
background_color
background_disabled_image
Background image of the main shared content object when disabled.
background_disabled_image is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/tab’.
background_image
Background image of the main shared content object.
las://data/images/defaulttheme/tab’.
border
Border used for BorderImage graphics instruction, used itself for background_image.
Can be changed for a custom background.
It must be a list of four values: (bottom, right, top, left). Read the BorderImage instructions
to remove.
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content
This is the object holding (current_tab’s content is added to this) the content of the current
tab. To Listen to the changes in the content of the current tab, you should bind to current_tabs
content property.
content is an ObjectProperty and defaults to ‘None’.
current_tab
Links to the currently selected or active tab.
current_tab is an AliasProperty, read-only.
default_tab
Holds the default tab.
Note: For convenience, the automatically provided default tab is deleted when you change
default_tab to something else. As of 1.5.0, this behaviour has been extended to every de-
fault_tab for consistency and not just the automatically provided one.
default_tab is an AliasProperty.
default_tab_cls
Specifies the class to use for the styling of the default tab.
Warning: default_tab_cls should be subclassed from TabbedPanelHeader
default_tab_cls is an ObjectProperty and defaults to TabbedPanelHeader. If you set a

string, the Factory will be used to resolve the class.
Changed in version 1.8.0: The Factory will resolve the class if a string is set.
default_tab_content
Holds the default tab content.
default_tab_content is an AliasProperty.
default_tab_text
Specifies the text displayed on the default tab header.
default_tab_text is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘default tab’.
do_default_tab
Specifies whether a default_tab head is provided.
do_default_tab is a BooleanProperty and defaults to ‘True’.
Parameters
717
>>> root = Widget()
strip_border
Border to be used on strip_image.
strip_border is a ListProperty and defaults to [4, 4, 4, 4].
strip_image
Background image of the tabbed strip.
strip_image is a StringProperty and defaults to a empty image.
switch_to(header, do_scroll=False)
Switch to a specific panel header.
If used with do_scroll=True, it scrolls to the header’s tab too.
switch_to() cannot be called from within the TabbedPanel or its subclass’ __init__
method. If that is required, use the Clock to schedule it. See discussion for full example.
tab_height
Specifies the height of the tab header.
tab_height is a NumericProperty and defaults to 40.
tab_list
List of all the tab headers.
tab_list is an AliasProperty and is read-only.
tab_pos
Specifies the position of the tabs relative to the content. Can be one of: left_top, left_mid,
left_bottom, top_left, top_mid, top_right, right_top, right_mid, right_bottom, bottom_left, bot-
tom_mid, bottom_right.
tab_pos is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘top_left’.
tab_width
Specifies the width of the tab header.
tab_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 100.
class kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanelContent(**kwargs)
The TabbedPanelContent class.
exception kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanelException
Bases: Exception
The TabbedPanelException class.
718
class kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanelHeader(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.togglebutton.ToggleButton
A Base for implementing a Tabbed Panel Head. A button intended to be used as a Heading/Tab
for a TabbedPanel widget.
You can use this TabbedPanelHeader widget to add a new tab to a TabbedPanel.
content
Content to be loaded when this tab header is selected.
Parameters
class kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanelItem(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanelHeader
This is a convenience class that provides a header of type TabbedPanelHeader and links it with
the content automatically. Thus facilitating you to simply do the following in kv language:
<TabbedPanel>:
# ...other settings
TabbedPanelItem:
BoxLayout:
Label:
text: 'Second tab content area'
Button:
text: 'Button that does nothing'

Parameters
gramming Guide.
719
>>> root = Widget()
Parameters

>>> root = Widget()
class kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanelStrip(**kwargs)
A strip intended to be used as background for Heading/Tab. This does not cover the blank areas
in case the tabs don’t cover the entire width/height of the TabbedPanel(use StripLayout for
that).
tabbed_panel
Link to the panel that the tab strip is a part of.
tabbed_panel is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None .
45.45 Text Input

The TextInput widget provides a box for editable plain text.

Unicode, multiline, cursor navigation, selection and clipboard features are supported.
The TextInput uses two different coordinate systems:
• (x, y) - coordinates in pixels, mostly used for rendering on screen.
720
• (col, row) - cursor index in characters / lines, used for selection and cursor movement.
To create a multiline TextInput (the ‘enter’ key adds a new line):

textinput = TextInput(text='Hello world')
To create a singleline TextInput, set the TextInput.multiline property to False (the ‘enter’ key
will defocus the TextInput and emit an TextInput.on_text_validate() event):
def on_enter(instance, value):

print('User pressed enter in', instance)
textinput = TextInput(text='Hello world', multiline=False)

textinput.bind(on_text_validate=on_enter)
The textinput’s text is stored in its TextInput.text property. To run a callback when the text changes:
def on_text(instance, value):

print('The widget', instance, 'have:', value)
textinput = TextInput()
textinput.bind(text=on_text)
You can set the focus to a Textinput, meaning that the input box will be highlighted and keyboard
focus will be requested:
textinput = TextInput(focus=True)
The textinput is defocused if the ‘escape’ key is pressed, or if another widget requests the keyboard.
You can bind a callback to the focus property to get notified of focus changes:
def on_focus(instance, value):

if value:
print('User focused', instance)
else:
print('User defocused', instance)
textinput = TextInput()
textinput.bind(focus=on_focus)
See FocusBehavior, from which the TextInput inherits, for more details.
45.45.2 Selection
The selection is automatically updated when the cursor position changes. You can get the currently
selected text from the TextInput.selection_text property.
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45.45.3 Filtering
You can control which text can be added to the TextInput by overwriting TextInput.
insert_text(). Every string that is typed, pasted or inserted by any other means into the
TextInput is passed through this function. By overwriting it you can reject or change unwanted
characters.
For example, to write only in capitalized characters:
class CapitalInput(TextInput):
def insert_text(self, substring, from_undo=False):

s = substring.upper()
return super().insert_text(s, from_undo=from_undo)
Or to only allow floats (0 - 9 and a single period):
class FloatInput(TextInput):
pat = re.compile('[^0-9]')
def insert_text(self, substring, from_undo=False):
pat = self.pat
if '.' in self.text:
s = re.sub(pat, '', substring)
else:
s = '.'.join(
re.sub(pat, '', s)
for s in substring.split('.', 1)
)
return super().insert_text(s, from_undo=from_undo)
45.45.4 Default shortcuts
Shortcuts Description
Left Move cursor to left
Right Move cursor to right
Up Move cursor to up
Down Move cursor to down
Home Move cursor at the beginning of the line
End Move cursor at the end of the line
PageUp Move cursor to 3 lines before
PageDown Move cursor to 3 lines after
Backspace Delete the selection or character before the cursor
Del Delete the selection of character after the cursor
Shift + <dir> Start a text selection. Dir can be Up, Down, Left or Right
Control + c Copy selection
Control + x Cut selection
Control + v Paste clipboard content
Control + a Select all the content
Control + z undo
Control + r redo
722
Note: To enable Emacs-style keyboard shortcuts, you can use EmacsBehavior.
class kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior, kivy.uix.widget.Widget
TextInput class. See module documentation for more information.
Events
on_text_validate Fired only in multiline=False mode when the user hits ‘enter’.
This will also unfocus the textinput.
on_double_tap Fired when a double tap happens in the text input. The de-
fault behavior selects the text around the cursor position. More info at
on_double_tap().
on_triple_tap Fired when a triple tap happens in the text input. The default behav-
ior selects the line around the cursor position. More info at on_triple_tap().
on_quad_touch Fired when four fingers are touching the text input. The default
behavior selects the whole text. More info at on_quad_touch().
Warning: When changing a TextInput property that requires re-drawing, e.g. modifying
the text, the updates occur on the next clock cycle and not instantly. This might cause any
changes to the TextInput that occur between the modification and the next cycle to be ig-
nored, or to use previous values. For example, after a update to the text, changing the cursor
in the same clock frame will move it using the previous text and will likely end up in an in-
correct position. The solution is to schedule any updates to occur on the next clock cycle using
schedule_once().
Note: Selection is cancelled when TextInput is focused. If you need to show selection when
TextInput is focused, you should delay (use Clock.schedule) the call to the functions for selecting
text (select_all, select_text).
Changed in version 1.10.0: background_disabled_active has been removed.

Changed in version 1.9.0: TextInput now inherits from FocusBehavior. keyboard_mode,
show_keyboard(), hide_keyboard(), focus(), and input_type have been removed since
they are now inherited from FocusBehavior.
Changed in version 1.7.0: on_double_tap, on_triple_tap and on_quad_touch events added.
Changed in version 2.1.0: keyboard_suggestions is now inherited from FocusBehavior.
allow_copy
Decides whether to allow copying the text.
allow_copy is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
auto_indent
Automatically indent multiline text.
auto_indent is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
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background_active
Background image of the TextInput when it’s in focus.
background_active is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/textinput_active’.
background_color
Current color of the background, in (r, g, b, a) format.
background_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [1, 1, 1, 1] (white).
Background image of the TextInput when disabled.
background_disabled_normal is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/textinput_disabled’.
background_normal
Background image of the TextInput when it’s not in focus.
las://data/images/defaulttheme/textinput’.
base_direction
Base direction of text, this impacts horizontal alignment when halign is auto (the default).
Available options are: None, “ltr” (left to right), “rtl” (right to left) plus “weak_ltr” and
“weak_rtl”.
Note: Weak modes are currently not implemented in Kivy text layout, and have the same
effect as setting strong mode.

base_direction is an OptionProperty and defaults to None (autodetect RTL if possi-
ble, otherwise LTR).
border
Border used for BorderImage graphics instruction. Used with background_normal and
background_active. Can be used for a custom background.
It must be a list of four values: (bottom, right, top, left). Read the BorderImage instruction
cancel_selection()
Cancel current selection (if any).
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copy(data='')
Copy the value provided in argument data into current clipboard. If data is not of type string
it will be converted to string. If no data is provided then current selection if present is copied.
cursor
Tuple of (col, row) values indicating the current cursor position. You can set a new (col, row)
if you want to move the cursor. The scrolling area will be automatically updated to ensure
that the cursor is visible inside the viewport.
cursor is an AliasProperty.
cursor_blink
This property is used to set whether the graphic cursor should blink or not.
Changed in version 1.10.1: cursor_blink has been refactored to enable switching the blinking
on/off and the previous behavior has been moved to a private _cursor_blink property. The
previous default value False has been changed to True.
cursor_blink is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
cursor_col
Current column of the cursor.
cursor_col is an AliasProperty to cursor[0], read-only.
cursor_color
Current color of the cursor, in (r, g, b, a) format.
cursor_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [1, 0, 0, 1].
cursor_index(cursor=None)
Return the cursor index in the text/value.
cursor_offset()
Get the cursor x offset on the current line.
cursor_pos
Current position of the cursor, in (x, y).
cursor_pos is an AliasProperty, read-only.
cursor_row
Current row of the cursor.
cursor_row is an AliasProperty to cursor[1], read-only.
cursor_width
Current width of the cursor.
cursor_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to ‘1sp’.
cut()
Copy current selection to clipboard then delete it from TextInput.
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delete_selection(from_undo=False)
Delete the current text selection (if any).
disabled_foreground_color
Current color of the foreground when disabled, in (r, g, b, a) format.
disabled_foreground_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [0, 0, 0, 5] (50%
transparent black).
do_backspace(from_undo=False, mode='bkspc')
Do backspace operation from the current cursor position. This action might do several things:
• removing the current selection if available.
• removing the previous char and move the cursor back.
• do nothing, if we are at the start.
do_cursor_movement(action, control=False, alt=False)
Move the cursor relative to its current position. Action can be one of :
• cursor_left: move the cursor to the left
• cursor_right: move the cursor to the right
• cursor_up: move the cursor on the previous line
• cursor_down: move the cursor on the next line
• cursor_home: move the cursor at the start of the current line
• cursor_end: move the cursor at the end of current line
• cursor_pgup: move one “page” before
• cursor_pgdown: move one “page” after
In addition, the behavior of certain actions can be modified:
• control + cursor_left: move the cursor one word to the left
• control + cursor_right: move the cursor one word to the right
• control + cursor_up: scroll up one line
• control + cursor_down: scroll down one line
• control + cursor_home: go to beginning of text
• control + cursor_end: go to end of text
• alt + cursor_up: shift line(s) up
• alt + cursor_down: shift line(s) down
do_redo()
Do redo operation.
This action re-does any command that has been un-done by do_undo/ctrl+z. This function
is automatically called when ctrl+r keys are pressed.
726
do_undo()
Do undo operation.
This action un-does any edits that have been made since the last call to reset_undo(). This
function is automatically called when ctrl+z keys are pressed.
do_wrap
If True, and the text is multiline, then lines larger than the width of the widget will wrap
around to the next line, avoiding the need for horizontal scrolling. Disabling this option
ensure one line is always displayed as one line.
do_wrap is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
versionadded:: 2.1.0
font_context
Font context. None means the font is used in isolation, so you are guaranteed to be drawing
with the TTF file resolved by font_name. Specifying a value here will load the font file into
a named context, enabling fallback between all fonts in the same context. If a font context
is set, you are not guaranteed that rendering will actually use the specified TTF file for all
glyphs (Pango will pick the one it thinks is best).
If Kivy is linked against a system-wide installation of FontConfig, you can load the system
fonts by specifying a font context starting with the special string system://. This will load
the system fontconfig configuration, and add your application-specific fonts on top of it (this
imposes a signifficant risk of family name collision, Pango may not use your custom font file,
but pick one from the system)

font_context is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
font_family
Font family, this is only applicable when using font_context option. The specified font
family will be requested, but note that it may not be available, or there could be multiple fonts
registered with the same family. The value can be a family name (string) available in the font
context (for example a system font in a system:// context, or a custom font file added using
kivy.core.text.FontContextManager). If set to None, font selection is controlled by
the font_name setting.
Note: If using font_name to reference a custom font file, you should leave this as None.
The family name is managed automatically in this case.

font_family is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
font_name
Filename of the font to use. The path can be absolute or relative. Relative paths are resolved
by the resource_find() function.
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Warning: Depending on your text provider, the font file may be ignored. However, you
can mostly use this without problems.
If the font used lacks the glyphs for the particular language/symbols you are using, you
will see ‘[]’ blank box characters instead of the actual glyphs. The solution is to use a
font that has the glyphs you need to display. For example, to display , use a font like
freesans.ttf that has the glyph.

Config.
font_size
Font size of the text in pixels.
font_size is a NumericProperty and defaults to 15 sp.
foreground_color
Current color of the foreground, in (r, g, b, a) format.
foreground_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [0, 0, 0, 1] (black).
get_cursor_from_index(index)
Return the (col, row) of the cursor from text index.
get_cursor_from_xy(x, y)
Return the (col, row) of the cursor from an (x, y) position.
halign
Horizontal alignment of the text.
halign is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘auto’. Available options are : auto, left,
center and right. Auto will attempt to autodetect horizontal alignment for RTL text (Pango
only), otherwise it behaves like left.
handle_image_left
Image used to display the Left handle on the TextInput for selection.
handle_image_left is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/selector_left’.
handle_image_middle
Image used to display the middle handle on the TextInput for cursor positioning.
handle_image_middle is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/selector_middle’.
handle_image_right
Image used to display the Right handle on the TextInput for selection.
handle_image_right is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘at-
las://data/images/defaulttheme/selector_right’.
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hint_text
Hint text of the widget, shown if text is ‘’.
Changed in version 1.10.0: The property is now an AliasProperty and byte values are de-
coded to strings. The hint text will stay visible when the widget is focused.
hint_text a AliasProperty and defaults to ‘’.
hint_text_color
Current color of the hint_text text, in (r, g, b, a) format.
hint_text_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0] (grey).
input_filter
Filters the input according to the specified mode, if not None. If None, no filtering is applied.
input_filter is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None. Can be one of None, ‘int’
(string), or ‘float’ (string), or a callable. If it is ‘int’, it will only accept numbers. If it is ‘float’ it
will also accept a single period. Finally, if it is a callable it will be called with two parameters;
the string to be added and a bool indicating whether the string is a result of undo (True). The
callable should return a new substring that will be used instead.
insert_text(substring, from_undo=False)
Insert new text at the current cursor position. Override this function in order to pre-process
text for input validation.
on_key_down().
line_height
Height of a line. This property is automatically computed from the font_name,
_
font size. Changing the line_height will have no impact.
729
Note: line_height is the height of a single line of text. Use minimum_height, which
also includes padding, to get the height required to display the text properly.
line_height is a NumericProperty, read-only.

line_spacing
Space taken up between the lines.
line_spacing is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
minimum_height
Minimum height of the content inside the TextInput.
minimum_height is a readonly AliasProperty.
Warning: minimum_width is calculated based on width therefore code like this will
lead to an infinite loop:
<FancyTextInput>:
width: self.height
multiline
If True, the widget will be able show multiple lines of text. If False, the “enter” keypress will
defocus the textinput instead of adding a new line.
multiline is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
on_cursor(instance, value)
When the cursor is moved, reset cursor blinking to keep it showing, and update all the graph-
ics.
on_cursor_blink(instance, value)
trigger blink event reset to switch blinking while focused
on_double_tap()
This event is dispatched when a double tap happens inside TextInput. The default behavior
is to select the word around the current cursor position. Override this to provide different
behavior. Alternatively, you can bind to this event to provide additional functionality.
on_quad_touch()
This event is dispatched when four fingers are touching inside TextInput. The default be-
havior is to select all text. Override this to provide different behavior. Alternatively, you can
bind to this event to provide additional functionality.
Parameters
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on_touch_up(touch)
on_triple_tap()
This event is dispatched when a triple tap happens inside TextInput. The default behavior is
to select the line around current cursor position. Override this to provide different behavior.
Alternatively, you can bind to this event to provide additional functionality.
padding
Padding of the text: [padding_left, padding_top, padding_right, padding_bottom].
Changed in version 1.7.0: Replaced AliasProperty with VariableListProperty.
padding_x
Horizontal padding of the text: [padding_left, padding_right].
padding_x also accepts a one argument form [padding_horizontal].
padding_x is a VariableListProperty and defaults to [0, 0]. This might be changed by
the current theme.
Deprecated since version 1.7.0: Use padding instead.
padding_y
Vertical padding of the text: [padding_top, padding_bottom].
padding_y also accepts a one argument form [padding_vertical].
padding_y is a VariableListProperty and defaults to [0, 0]. This might be changed by
the current theme.
Deprecated since version 1.7.0: Use padding instead.
password
If True, the widget will display its characters as the character set in password_mask.
password is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
password_mask
Sets the character used to mask the text when password is True.
password_mask is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘*’.
paste()
Insert text from system Clipboard into the TextInput at current cursor position.
property pgmove_speed
how much vertical distance hitting pg_up or pg_down will move
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readonly
If True, the user will not be able to change the content of a textinput.
readonly is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
replace_crlf
Automatically replace CRLF with LF.
replace_crlf is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
reset_undo()
Reset undo and redo lists from memory.
scroll_distance
Minimum distance to move before change from scroll to selection mode, in pixels. It is ad-
visable that you base this value on the dpi of your target device’s screen.
scroll_distance is a NumericProperty and defaults to 20 pixels.
scroll_from_swipe
Allow to scroll the text using swipe gesture according to scroll_timeout and
scroll_distance.
scroll_from_swipe is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True on mobile OS’s, False on
desktop OS’s.
scroll_timeout
moved scroll_distance within the timeout, the scrolling will be disabled, and the se-
lection mode will start.
scroll_timeout is a NumericProperty and defaults to 250 milliseconds.
scroll_x
X scrolling value of the viewport. The scrolling is automatically updated when the cursor is
moved or text changed. If there is no user input, the scroll_x and scroll_y properties may be
changed.
scroll_x is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
scroll_y
Y scrolling value of the viewport. See scroll_x for more information.
scroll_y is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
select_all()
Select all of the text displayed in this TextInput.
select_text(start, end)
Select a portion of text displayed in this TextInput.
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Parameters
start Index of textinput.text from where to start selection
end Index of textinput.text till which the selection should be displayed
selection_color
Current color of the selection, in (r, g, b, a) format.
Warning: The color should always have an “alpha” component less than 1 since the
selection is drawn after the text.
selection_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [0.1843, 0.6549, 0.8313, .5].

selection_from
If a selection is in progress or complete, this property will represent the cursor index where
the selection started.
Changed in version 1.4.0: selection_from is an AliasProperty and defaults to None,
readonly.
selection_text
Current content selection.
selection_text is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘’, readonly.
selection_to
If a selection is in progress or complete, this property will represent the cursor index where
the selection started.
Changed in version 1.4.0: selection_to is an AliasProperty and defaults to None,
readonly.
tab_width
By default, each tab will be replaced by four spaces on the text input widget. You can set a
lower or higher value.
tab_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 4.
text
Text of the widget.
Creation of a simple hello world:
widget = TextInput(text='Hello world')
If you want to create the widget with an unicode string, use:
widget = TextInput(text=u'My unicode string')
text is an AliasProperty.
text_language
Language of the text, if None Pango will determine it from locale. This is an RFC-3066 format
language tag (as a string), for example “en_US”, “zh_CN”, “fr” or “ja”. This can impact font
selection, metrics and rendering. For example, the same bytes of text can look different for
ur and ar languages, though both use Arabic script.
733

text_language is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
text_validate_unfocus
If True, the TextInput.on_text_validate() event will unfocus the widget, there-
fore make it stop listening to the keyboard. When disabled, the TextInput.
on_text_validate() event can be fired multiple times as the result of TextInput keeping
the focus enabled.
text_validate_unfocus is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
use_bubble
Indicates whether the cut/copy/paste bubble is used.
use_bubble is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True on mobile OS’s, False on desktop
OS’s.
use_handles
Indicates whether the selection handles are displayed.
use_handles is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True on mobile OS’s, False on desk-
top OS’s.
write_tab
Whether the tab key should move focus to the next widget or if it should enter a tab in the
TextInput. If True a tab will be written, otherwise, focus will move to the next widget.
write_tab is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True.
45.46 Toggle button
The ToggleButton widget acts like a checkbox. When you touch or click it, the state toggles between
‘normal’ and ‘down’ (as opposed to a Button that is only ‘down’ as long as it is pressed).
Toggle buttons can also be grouped to make radio buttons - only one button in a group can be in a
‘down’ state. The group name can be a string or any other hashable Python object:
btn1 = ToggleButton(text='Male', group='sex',)

btn2 = ToggleButton(text='Female', group='sex', state='down')
btn3 = ToggleButton(text='Mixed', group='sex')
Only one of the buttons can be ‘down’/checked at the same time.

To configure the ToggleButton, you can use the same properties that you can use for a Button class.
734
class kivy.uix.togglebutton.ToggleButton(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.behaviors.togglebutton.ToggleButtonBehavior, kivy.uix.
button.Button
Toggle button class, see module documentation for more information.
45.47 Tree View

TreeView is a widget used to represent a tree structure. It is currently very basic, supporting a minimal
feature set.
45.47.1 Introduction
A TreeView is populated with TreeViewNode instances, but you cannot use a TreeViewNode di-
rectly. You must combine it with another widget, such as Label, Button or even your own widget.
The TreeView always creates a default root node, based on TreeViewLabel.
TreeViewNode is a class object containing needed properties for serving as a tree node. Extend
TreeViewNode to create custom node types for use with a TreeView.
For constructing your own subclass, follow the pattern of TreeViewLabel which combines a Label and
a TreeViewNode, producing a TreeViewLabel for direct use in a TreeView instance.
To use the TreeViewLabel class, you could create two nodes directly attached to root:
tv = TreeView()
tv.add_node(TreeViewLabel(text='My first item'))
tv.add_node(TreeViewLabel(text='My second item'))
Or, create two nodes attached to a first:
tv = TreeView()
n1 = tv.add_node(TreeViewLabel(text='Item 1'))
tv.add_node(TreeViewLabel(text='SubItem 1'), n1)
tv.add_node(TreeViewLabel(text='SubItem 2'), n1)
If you have a large tree structure, perhaps you would need a utility function to populate the tree view:
def populate_tree_view(tree_view, parent, node):

if parent is None:
735
tree_node = tree_view.add_node(TreeViewLabel(text=node['node_id'],
is_open=True))
else:
tree_node = tree_view.add_node(TreeViewLabel(text=node['node_id'],
is_open=True), parent)
for child_node in node['children']:

populate_tree_view(tree_view, tree_node, child_node)
tree = {'node_id': '1',

'children': [{'node_id': '1.1',
'children': [{'node_id': '1.1.1',
'children': [{'node_id': '1.1.1.1',
'children': []}]},
{'node_id': '1.1.2',
'children': []},
{'node_id': '1.1.3',
'children': []}]},
{'node_id': '1.2',
'children': []}]}
class TreeWidget(FloatLayout):
super(TreeWidget, self).__init__(**kwargs)
tv = TreeView(root_options=dict(text='Tree One'),
hide_root=False,
indent_level=4)
populate_tree_view(tv, None, tree)
self.add_widget(tv)
The root widget in the tree view is opened by default and has text set as ‘Root’. If you want to change
that, you can use the TreeView.root_options property. This will pass options to the root widget:
tv = TreeView(root_options=dict(text='My root label'))
45.47.2 Creating Your Own Node Widget
For a button node type, combine a Button and a TreeViewNode as follows:
class TreeViewButton(Button, TreeViewNode):

pass
You must know that, for a given node, only the size_hint_x will be honored. The allocated width
for the node will depend of the current width of the TreeView and the level of the node. For example, if
a node is at level 4, the width allocated will be:
treeview.width - treeview.indent_start - treeview.indent_level * node.level
You might have some trouble with that. It is the developer’s responsibility to correctly handle adapting
736
the graphical representation nodes, if needed.
class kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView(**kwargs)
TreeView class. See module documentation for more information.
Events
on_node_expand: (node, ) Fired when a node is being expanded
on_node_collapse: (node, ) Fired when a node is being collapsed
add_node(node, parent=None)
Add a new node to the tree.
Parameters
node: instance of a TreeViewNode Node to add into the tree
parent: instance of a TreeViewNode, defaults to None Parent node to attach
the new node. If None, it is added to the root node.
Returns the node node.
deselect_node(*args)
Deselect any selected node.
get_node_at_pos(pos)
Get the node at the position (x, y).
hide_root
Use this property to show/hide the initial root node. If True, the root node will be appear as
a closed node.
hide_root is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
indent_level
Width used for the indentation of each level except the first level.
Computation of indent for each level of the tree is:
indent = indent_start + level * indent_level
indent_level is a NumericProperty and defaults to 16.

indent_start
Indentation width of the level 0 / root node. This is mostly the initial size to accommodate
a tree icon (collapsed / expanded). See indent_level for more information about the
computation of level indentation.
indent_start is a NumericProperty and defaults to 24.
iterate_all_nodes(node=None)
Generator to iterate over all nodes from node and down whether expanded or not. If node is
None, the generator start with root.
iterate_open_nodes(node=None)
Generator to iterate over all the expended nodes starting from node and down. If node is None,
the generator start with root.
To get all the open nodes:
737
treeview = TreeView()
# ... add nodes ...
for node in treeview.iterate_open_nodes():
print(node)
load_func
Callback to use for asynchronous loading. If set, asynchronous loading will be automatically
done. The callback must act as a Python generator function, using yield to send data back to
the treeview.
The callback should be in the format:
def callback(treeview, node):

for name in ('Item 1', 'Item 2'):
yield TreeViewLabel(text=name)
load_func is a ObjectProperty and defaults to None.

minimum_height
Minimum height needed to contain all children.
minimum_height is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
minimum_size
Minimum size needed to contain all children.
properties.
minimum_width
Minimum width needed to contain all children.
minimum_width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
Parameters
remove_node(node)
Removes a node from the tree.
Parameters
node: instance of a TreeViewNode Node to remove from the tree. If node is
root, it is not removed.
738
root
Root node.
By default, the root node widget is a TreeViewLabel with text ‘Root’. If you want to change
the default options passed to the widget creation, use the root_options property:
treeview = TreeView(root_options={
'text': 'Root directory',
'font_size': 15})
root_options will change the properties of the TreeViewLabel instance. However, you
cannot change the class used for root node yet.
root is an AliasProperty and defaults to None. It is read-only. However, the content of
the widget can be changed.
root_options
Default root options to pass for root widget. See root property for more information about
the usage of root_options.
root_options is an ObjectProperty and defaults to {}.
select_node(node)
Select a node in the tree.
selected_node
Node selected by TreeView.select_node() or by touch.
selected_node is a AliasProperty and defaults to None. It is read-only.
toggle_node(node)
Toggle the state of the node (open/collapsed).
exception kivy.uix.treeview.TreeViewException
Bases: Exception
Exception for errors in the TreeView.
class kivy.uix.treeview.TreeViewLabel(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.label.Label, kivy.uix.treeview.TreeViewNode
Combines a Label and a TreeViewNode to create a TreeViewLabel that can be used as a text
node in the tree.
class kivy.uix.treeview.TreeViewNode(**kwargs)
TreeViewNode class, used to build a node class for a TreeView object.
color_selected
Background color of the node when the node is selected.
color_selected is a ColorProperty and defaults to [.1, .1, .1, 1].
even_color
Background color of even nodes when the node is not selected.
bg_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [.5, .5, .5, .1].
739
is_leaf
Boolean to indicate whether this node is a leaf or not. Used to adjust the graphical represen-
tation.
is_leaf is a BooleanProperty and defaults to True. It is automatically set to False when
child is added.
is_loaded
Boolean to indicate whether this node is already loaded or not. This property is used only if
the TreeView uses asynchronous loading.
is_loaded is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
is_open
Boolean to indicate whether this node is opened or not, in case there are child nodes. This is
used to adjust the graphical representation.
Warning: This property is automatically set by the TreeView. You can read but not
write it.

is_selected
Boolean to indicate whether this node is selected or not. This is used adjust the graphical
representation.
write it.
is_selected is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.

level
Level of the node.
level is a NumericProperty and defaults to -1.
no_selection
Boolean used to indicate whether selection of the node is allowed or not.

no_selection is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
nodes
List of nodes. The nodes list is different than the children list. A node in the nodes list
represents a node on the tree. An item in the children list represents the widget associated
with the node.
write it.
nodes is a ListProperty and defaults to [].

odd
This property is set by the TreeView widget automatically and is read-only.
odd is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
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odd_color
Background color of odd nodes when the node is not selected.
odd_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [1., 1., 1., 0.].
parent_node
Parent node. This attribute is needed because the parent can be None when the node is not
displayed.
parent_node is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
45.48 Video
The Video widget is used to display video files and streams. Depending on your Video core provider,
platform, and plugins, you will be able to play different formats. For example, the pygame video
provider only supports MPEG1 on Linux and OSX. GStreamer is more versatile, and can read many
video containers and codecs such as MKV, OGV, AVI, MOV, FLV (if the correct gstreamer plugins are
installed). Our VideoBase implementation is used under the hood.
Video loading is asynchronous - many properties are not available until the video is loaded (when the
texture is created):
def on_position_change(instance, value):

print('The position in the video is', value)
def on_duration_change(instance, value):

print('The duration of the video is', value)
video = Video(source='PandaSneezes.avi')
video.bind(
position=on_position_change,
duration=on_duration_change
)
One can define a preview image which gets displayed until the video is started/loaded by passing
preview to the constructor:
video = Video(
source='PandaSneezes.avi',
preview='PandaSneezes_preview.png'
)
One can display the placeholder image when the video stops by reacting on eos:
def on_eos_change(self, inst, val):

if val and self.preview:
self.set_texture_from_resource(self.preview)
video.bind(eos=on_eos_change)
class kivy.uix.video.Video(**kwargs)
Video class. See module documentation for more information.
741
duration
Duration of the video. The duration defaults to -1, and is set to a real duration when the
video is loaded.
duration is a NumericProperty and defaults to -1.
eos
Boolean, indicates whether the video has finished playing or not (reached the end of the
stream).
eos is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
loaded
Boolean, indicates whether the video is loaded and ready for playback or not.
loaded is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
options
Options to pass at Video core object creation.
options is an kivy.properties.ObjectProperty and defaults to {}.
play
Boolean, indicates whether the video is playing or not. You can start/stop the video by
# start playing the video at creation

video = Video(source='movie.mkv', play=True)
# create the video, and start later

video = Video(source='movie.mkv')
# and later
video.play = True

position
Position of the video between 0 and duration. The position defaults to -1 and is set to a
real position when the video is loaded.
position is a NumericProperty and defaults to -1.
preview
Filename / source of a preview image displayed before video starts.
preview is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
If set, it gets displayed until the video is loaded/started.
Change the position to a percentage (strictly, a proportion) of duration.
Parameters
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percent: float or int Position to seek as a proportion of the total duration, must
be between 0-1.
precise: bool, defaults to True Precise seeking is slower, but seeks to exact re-
quested percent.
Warning: Calling seek() before the video is loaded has no effect.

Changed in version 1.10.1: The precise keyword argument has been added.
state
String, indicates whether to play, pause, or stop the video:

video = Video(source='movie.mkv', state='play')

video = Video(source='movie.mkv')
# and later
video.state = 'play'
state is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘stop’.

unload()
Unload the video. The playback will be stopped.
volume
Volume of the video, in the range 0-1. 1 means full volume, 0 means mute.
45.49 Video player

The video player widget can be used to play video and let the user control the play/pausing, volume
and position. The widget cannot be customized much because of the complex assembly of numerous
base widgets.
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45.49.1 Annotations
If you want to display text at a specific time and for a certain duration, consider annotations. An
annotation file has a “.jsa” extension. The player will automatically load the associated annotation file
if it exists.
An annotation file is JSON-based, providing a list of label dictionary items. The key and value must
match one of the VideoPlayerAnnotation items. For example, here is a short version of a jsa file
that you can find in examples/widgets/cityCC0.jsa:
[
{"start": 0, "duration": 2,
"text": "This is an example of annotation"},
{"start": 2, "duration": 2,
"bgcolor": [0.5, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5],
"text": "You can change the background color"}
]
For our cityCC0.mpg example, the result will be:
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If you want to experiment with annotation files, test with:
python -m kivy.uix.videoplayer examples/widgets/cityCC0.mpg
45.49.2 Fullscreen
The video player can play the video in fullscreen, if VideoPlayer.allow_fullscreen is activated
by a double-tap on the video. By default, if the video is smaller than the Window, it will be not stretched.
You can allow stretching by passing custom options to a VideoPlayer instance:
player = VideoPlayer(source='myvideo.avi', state='play',

options={'allow_stretch': True})
45.49.3 End-of-stream behavior
You can specify what happens when the video has finished playing by passing an eos (end of stream)
directive to the underlying VideoBase class. eos can be one of ‘stop’, ‘pause’ or ‘loop’ and defaults to
‘stop’. For example, in order to loop the video:
player = VideoPlayer(source='myvideo.avi', state='play',

options={'eos': 'loop'})
Note: The eos property of the VideoBase class is a string specifying the end-of-stream behavior. This
property differs from the eos properties of the VideoPlayer and Video classes, whose eos property is
simply a boolean indicating that the end of the file has been reached.
class kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer(**kwargs)
VideoPlayer class. See module documentation for more information.
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allow_fullscreen
By default, you can double-tap on the video to make it fullscreen. Set this property to False
to prevent this behavior.
allow_fullscreen is a BooleanProperty defaults to True.
annotations
If set, it will be used for reading annotations box.
annotations is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘’.
duration
Duration of the video. The duration defaults to -1 and is set to the real duration when the
video is loaded.
duration is a NumericProperty and defaults to -1.
fullscreen
Switch to fullscreen view. This should be used with care. When activated, the widget will
remove itself from its parent, remove all children from the window and will add itself to it.
When fullscreen is unset, all the previous children are restored and the widget is restored to
its previous parent.
Warning: The re-add operation doesn’t care about the index position of its children
within the parent.
fullscreen is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.

image_loading
Image filename used when the video is loading.
image_loading is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘data/images/image-loading.zip’.
image_overlay_play
Image filename used to show a “play” overlay when the video has not yet started.
image_overlay_play is a StringProperty and defaults to
‘atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/player-play-overlay’.
image_pause
Image filename used for the “Pause” button.
image_pause is a StringProperty and defaults to
‘atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/media-playback-pause’.
image_play
Image filename used for the “Play” button.
image_play is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/media-
playback-start’.
image_stop
Image filename used for the “Stop” button.
image_stop is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/media-
playback-stop’.
image_volumehigh
Image filename used for the volume icon when the volume is high.
image_volumehigh is a StringProperty and defaults to
‘atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/audio-volume-high’.
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image_volumelow
Image filename used for the volume icon when the volume is low.
image_volumelow is a StringProperty and defaults to
‘atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/audio-volume-low’.
image_volumemedium
Image filename used for the volume icon when the volume is medium.
image_volumemedium is a StringProperty and defaults to
‘atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/audio-volume-medium’.
image_volumemuted
Image filename used for the volume icon when the volume is muted.
image_volumemuted is a StringProperty and defaults to
‘atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/audio-volume-muted’.
Parameters
options
Optional parameters can be passed to a Video instance with this property.
options a DictProperty and defaults to {}.
play
Boolean, indicates whether the video is playing or not. You can start/stop the video by

video = VideoPlayer(source='movie.mkv', play=True)

video = VideoPlayer(source='movie.mkv')
# and later
video.play = True

position
Position of the video between 0 and duration. The position defaults to -1 and is set to the
real position when the video is loaded.
position is a NumericProperty and defaults to -1.
Change the position to a percentage (strictly, a proportion) of duration.
Parameters
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percent: float or int Position to seek as a proportion of total duration, must be
between 0-1.
precise: bool, defaults to True Precise seeking is slower, but seeks to exact re-
quested percent.
Warning: Calling seek() before the video is loaded has no effect.

Changed in version 1.10.1: The precise keyword argument has been added.
source
Source of the video to read.
source is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘’.
state
String, indicates whether to play, pause, or stop the video:

video = VideoPlayer(source='movie.mkv', state='play')

video = VideoPlayer(source='movie.mkv')
# and later
video.state = 'play'
state is an OptionProperty and defaults to ‘stop’.

thumbnail
Thumbnail of the video to show. If None, VideoPlayer will try to find the thumbnail from
the source + ‘.png’.
thumbnail a StringProperty and defaults to ‘’.
volume
Volume of the video in the range 0-1. 1 means full volume and 0 means mute.
class kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayerAnnotation(**kwargs)
Annotation class used for creating annotation labels.
Additional keys are available:
• bgcolor: [r, g, b, a] - background color of the text box
• bgsource: ‘filename’ - background image used for the background text box
• border: (n, e, s, w) - border used for the background image
duration
Duration of the annotation.
duration is a NumericProperty and defaults to 1.
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start
Start time of the annotation.
start is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
45.50 VKeyboard

VKeyboard is an onscreen keyboard for Kivy. Its operation is intended to be transparent to the user.
Using the widget directly is NOT recommended. Read the section Request keyboard first.
45.50.1 Modes
This virtual keyboard has a docked and free mode:

• docked mode (VKeyboard.docked = True) Generally used when only one person is using the
computer, like a tablet or personal computer etc.
• free mode: (VKeyboard.docked = False) Mostly for multitouch surfaces. This mode allows
multiple virtual keyboards to be used on the screen.
If the docked mode changes, you need to manually call VKeyboard.setup_mode() otherwise the
change will have no impact. During that call, the VKeyboard, implemented on top of a Scatter, will
change the behavior of the scatter and position the keyboard near the target (if target and docked mode
is set).
45.50.2 Layouts
The virtual keyboard is able to load a custom layout. If you create a new layout and put the JSON
in <kivy_data_dir>/keyboards/<layoutid>.json, you can load it by setting VKeyboard.
layout to your layoutid.
The JSON must be structured like this:
{
"title": "Title of your layout",
"description": "Description of your layout",
"cols": 15,
"rows": 5,
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...
}
Then, you need to describe the keys in each row, for either a “normal”, “shift” or a “special” (added
in version 1.9.0) mode. Keys for this row data must be named normal_<row>, shift_<row> and spe-
cial_<row>. Replace row with the row number. Inside each row, you will describe the key. A key is a 4
element list in the format:
[ <text displayed on the keyboard>, <text to put when the key is pressed>,
<text that represents the keycode>, <size of cols> ]
Here are example keys:
# f key
["f", "f", "f", 1]
# capslock
["", " ", "tab", 1.5]
Finally, complete the JSON:
{
...
"normal_1": [
["`", "`", "`", 1], ["1", "1", "1", 1], ["2", "2", "2", 1],
["3", "3", "3", 1], ["4", "4", "4", 1], ["5", "5", "5", 1],
["6", "6", "6", 1], ["7", "7", "7", 1], ["8", "8", "8", 1],
["9", "9", "9", 1], ["0", "0", "0", 1], ["+", "+", "+", 1],
["=", "=", "=", 1], ["", null, "backspace", 2]
],
"shift_1": [ ... ],
"normal_2": [ ... ],
"special_2": [ ... ],
...
}
45.50.3 Request Keyboard
The instantiation of the virtual keyboard is controlled by the configuration. Check keyboard_mode and
keyboard_layout in the Configuration object.
If you intend to create a widget that requires a keyboard, do not use the virtual keyboard directly, but
prefer to use the best method available on the platform. Check the request_keyboard() method in
the Window.
If you want a specific layout when you request the keyboard, you should write something like this
(from 1.8.0, numeric.json can be in the same directory as your main.py):
keyboard = Window.request_keyboard(
self._keyboard_close, self)
if keyboard.widget:
vkeyboard = self._keyboard.widget
vkeyboard.layout = 'numeric.json'
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class kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard(**kwargs)
VKeyboard is an onscreen keyboard with multitouch support. Its layout is entirely customizable
and you can switch between available layouts using a button in the bottom right of the widget.
Events
on_key_down: keycode, internal, modifiers Fired when the keyboard received a
key down event (key press).
on_key_up: keycode, internal, modifiers Fired when the keyboard received a key
up event (key release).
available_layouts
Dictionary of all available layouts. Keys are the layout ID, and the value is the JSON (trans-
lated into a Python object).
available_layouts is a DictProperty and defaults to {}.
background
Filename of the background image.
background is a StringProperty and defaults to atlas://data/images/
defaulttheme/vkeyboard_background.
background_border
Background image border. Used for controlling the border property of the background.
background_border is a ListProperty and defaults to [16, 16, 16, 16]
background_color
Background color, in the format (r, g, b, a). If a background is set, the color will be combined
with the background texture.
background_disabled
Filename of the background image when the vkeyboard is disabled.
background_disabled is a StringProperty and defaults to atlas://data/images/
defaulttheme/vkeyboard__disabled_background.
callback
Callback can be set to a function that will be called if the VKeyboard is closed by the user.
target is an ObjectProperty instance and defaults to None.
collide_margin(x, y)
Do a collision test, and return True if the (x, y) is inside the vkeyboard margin.
docked
Indicate whether the VKeyboard is docked on the screen or not. If you change it, you must
manually call setup_mode() otherwise it will have no impact. If the VKeyboard is created
by the Window, the docked mode will be automatically set by the configuration, using the
keyboard_mode token in [kivy] section.
docked is a BooleanProperty and defaults to False.
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font_size
font_size, specifies the size of the text on the virtual keyboard keys. It should be kept within
limits to ensure the text does not extend beyond the bounds of the key or become too small
to read.
font_size is a NumericProperty and defaults to 20.
key_background_color
Key background color, in the format (r, g, b, a). If a key background is set, the color will be
combined with the key background texture.
key_background_color is a ColorProperty and defaults to [1, 1, 1, 1].
key_background_down
Filename of the key background image for use when a touch is active on the widget.
key_background_down is a StringProperty and defaults to atlas://data/images/
defaulttheme/vkeyboard_key_down.
key_background_normal
Filename of the key background image for use when no touches are active on the widget.
key_background_normal is a StringProperty and defaults to atlas://data/
images/defaulttheme/vkeyboard_key_normal.
key_border
Key image border. Used for controlling the border property of the key.
key_border is a ListProperty and defaults to [16, 16, 16, 16]
key_disabled_background_normal
Filename of the key background image for use when no touches are active on the widget and
vkeyboard is disabled.
key_disabled_background_normal is a StringProperty and defaults to atlas://
data/images/defaulttheme/vkeyboard_disabled_key_normal.
key_margin
Key margin, used to create space between keys. The margin is composed of four values, in
pixels:
key_margin = [top, right, bottom, left]
key_margin is a ListProperty and defaults to [2, 2, 2, 2]

layout
Layout to use for the VKeyboard. By default, it will be the layout set in the configuration,
according to the keyboard_layout in [kivy] section.
Changed in version 1.8.0: If layout is a .json filename, it will loaded and added to the avail-
able_layouts.
layout is a StringProperty and defaults to None.
layout_path
Path from which layouts are read.
layout is a StringProperty and defaults to <kivy_data_dir>/keyboards/
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margin_hint
Margin hint, used as spacing between keyboard background and keys content. The margin
is composed of four values, between 0 and 1:
margin_hint = [top, right, bottom, left]
The margin hints will be multiplied by width and height, according to their position.
margin_hint is a ListProperty and defaults to [.05, .06, .05, .06]
Parameters
on_touch_up(touch)
refresh(force=False)
(internal) Recreate the entire widget and graphics according to the selected layout.
setup_mode(*largs)
Call this method when you want to readjust the keyboard according to options: docked or
not, with attached target or not:
• If docked is True, it will call setup_mode_dock()
• If docked is False, it will call setup_mode_free()
Feel free to overload these methods to create new positioning behavior.
setup_mode_dock(*largs)
Setup the keyboard in docked mode.
Dock mode will reset the rotation, disable translation, rotation and scale. Scale and position
will be automatically adjusted to attach the keyboard to the bottom of the screen.
Note: Don’t call this method directly, use setup_mode() instead.
setup_mode_free()
Setup the keyboard in free mode.
Free mode is designed to let the user control the position and orientation of the keyboard.
The only real usage is for a multiuser environment, but you might found other ways to use
it. If a target is set, it will place the vkeyboard under the target.
Note: Don’t call this method directly, use setup_mode() instead.
target
Target widget associated with the VKeyboard. If set, it will be used to send keyboard events.
If the VKeyboard mode is “free”, it will also be used to set the initial position.
target is an ObjectProperty instance and defaults to None.
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45.51 Widget class
The Widget class is the base class required for creating Widgets. This widget class was designed with
a couple of principles in mind:
• Event Driven
Widget interaction is built on top of events that occur. If a property changes, the widget can
respond to the change in the ‘on_<propname>’ callback. If nothing changes, nothing will be done.
That’s the main goal of the Property class.
• Separation Of Concerns (the widget and its graphical representation)
Widgets don’t have a draw() method. This is done on purpose: The idea is to allow you to create
your own graphical representation outside the widget class. Obviously you can still use all the
available properties to do that, so that your representation properly reflects the widget’s current
state. Every widget has its own Canvas that you can use to draw. This separation allows Kivy to
run your application in a very efficient manner.
• Bounding Box / Collision
Often you want to know if a certain point is within the bounds of your widget. An example
would be a button widget where you only want to trigger an action when the button itself is
actually touched. For this, you can use the collide_point() method, which will return True if
the point you pass to it is inside the axis-aligned bounding box defined by the widget’s position
and size. If a simple AABB is not sufficient, you can override the method to perform the collision
checks with more complex shapes, e.g. a polygon. You can also check if a widget collides with
another widget with collide_widget().
We also have some default values and behaviors that you should be aware of:
• A Widget is not a Layout: it will not change the position or the size of its children. If you want
control over positioning or sizing, use a Layout.
• The default size of a widget is (100, 100). This is only changed if the parent is a Layout. For ex-
ample, if you add a Label inside a Button, the label will not inherit the button’s size or position
because the button is not a Layout: it’s just another Widget.
• The default size_hint is (1, 1). If the parent is a Layout, then the widget size will be the parent
layout’s size.
• on_touch_down(), on_touch_move(), on_touch_up() don’t do any sort of collisions. If
you want to know if the touch is inside your widget, use collide_point().
45.51.1 Using Properties
When you read the documentation, all properties are described in the format:
<name> is a <property class> and defaults to <default value>.
e.g.
text is a StringProperty and defaults to ‘’.
If you want to be notified when the pos attribute changes, i.e. when the widget moves, you can bind
your own callback function like this:
def callback_pos(instance, value):

print('The widget', instance, 'moved to', value)
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wid = Widget()
wid.bind(pos=callback_pos)
Read more about Properties.
45.51.2 Basic drawing
Widgets support a range of drawing instructions that you can use to customize the look of your widgets
and layouts. For example, to draw a background image for your widget, you can do the following:
def redraw(self, args):

self.bg_rect.size = self.size
self.bg_rect.pos = self.pos
widget = Widget()
with widget.canvas:
widget.bg_rect = Rectangle(source="cover.jpg", pos=self.pos, size=self.
,→size)
widget.bind(pos=redraw, size=redraw)
To draw a background in kv:
Widget:
canvas:
Rectangle:
source: "cover.jpg"
size: self.size
pos: self.pos
These examples only scratch the surface. Please see the kivy.graphics documentation for more
information.
45.51.3 Widget touch event bubbling
When you catch touch events between multiple widgets, you often need to be aware of the order in
which these events are propagated. In Kivy, events bubble up from the first child upwards through the
other children. If a widget has children, the event is passed through its children before being passed on
to the widget after it.
As the on_touch_up() method inserts widgets at index 0 by default, this means the event goes from
the most recently added widget back to the first one added. Consider the following:
box = BoxLayout()
box.add_widget(Label(text="a"))
box.add_widget(Label(text="b"))
box.add_widget(Label(text="c"))
The label with text “c” gets the event first, “b” second and “a” last. You can reverse this order by
manually specifying the index:
box = BoxLayout()
box.add_widget(Label(text="a"), index=0)
box.add_widget(Label(text="b"), index=1)
box.add_widget(Label(text="c"), index=2)
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Now the order would be “a”, “b” then “c”. One thing to keep in mind when using kv is that declaring
a widget uses the add_widget() method for insertion. Hence, using
BoxLayout:
MyLabel:
text: "a"
MyLabel:
text: "b"
MyLabel:
text: "c"
would result in the event order “c”, “b” then “a” as “c” was actually the last added widget. It thus has
index 0, “b” index 1 and “a” index 2. Effectively, the child order is the reverse of its listed order.
This ordering is the same for the on_touch_move() and on_touch_up() events.
In order to stop this event bubbling, a method can return True. This tells Kivy the event has been
handled and the event propagation stops. For example:
If <some_condition>:
# Do stuff here and kill the event
return True
else:
return super(MyWidget, self).on_touch_down(touch)
This approach gives you good control over exactly how events are dispatched and managed. Some-
times, however, you may wish to let the event be completely propagated before taking action. You can
use the Clock to help you here:
class MyWidget(Label):
def on_touch_down(self, touch, after=False):
if after:
print "Fired after the event has been dispatched!"
else:
Clock.schedule_once(lambda dt: self.on_touch_down(touch, True))
return super(MyWidget, self).on_touch_down(touch)
45.51.4 Usage of Widget.center, Widget.right, and Widget.top
A common mistake when using one of the computed properties such as Widget.right is to use it to
make a widget follow its parent with a KV rule such as right: self.parent.right. Consider, for example:
FloatLayout:
id: layout
width: 100
Widget:
id: wid
right: layout.right
The (mistaken) expectation is that this rule ensures that wid’s right will always be whatever layout’s
right is - that is wid.right and layout.right will always be identical. In actual fact, this rule only says
that “whenever layout’s right changes, wid’s right will be set to that value”. The difference being that
as long as layout.right doesn’t change, wid.right could be anything, even a value that will make them
different.
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Specifically, for the KV code above, consider the following example:
>>> print(layout.right, wid.right)

(100, 100)
>>> wid.x = 200
>>> print(layout.right, wid.right)
(100, 300)
As can be seen, initially they are in sync, however, when we change wid.x they go out of sync because
layout.right is not changed and the rule is not triggered.
The proper way to make the widget follow its parent’s right is to use Widget.pos_hint. If instead
of right: layout.right we did pos_hint: {‘right’: 1}, then the widgets right will always be set to be at the
parent’s right at each layout update.
class kivy.uix.widget.Widget(**kwargs)
Bases: kivy.uix.widget.WidgetBase
Widget class. See module documentation for more information.
Events
on_touch_down: (touch, ) Fired when a new touch event occurs. touch is the touch
object.
on_touch_move: (touch, ) Fired when an existing touch moves. touch is the touch
object.
on_touch_up: (touch, ) Fired when an existing touch disappears. touch is the touch
object.
on_kv_post: (base_widget, ) Fired after all the kv rules associated with the widget
and all other widgets that are in any of those rules have had all their kv rules
applied. base_widget is the base-most widget whose instantiation triggered the
kv rules (i.e. the widget instantiated from Python, e.g. MyWidget()).
Warning: Adding a __del__ method to a class derived from Widget with Python prior to 3.4
will disable automatic garbage collection for instances of that class. This is because the Widget
class creates reference cycles, thereby preventing garbage collection.
Changed in version 1.0.9: Everything related to event properties has been moved to the
EventDispatcher. Event properties can now be used when constructing a simple class without
subclassing Widget.
Changed in version 1.5.0: The constructor now accepts on_* arguments to automatically bind
callbacks to properties or events, as in the Kv language.
add_widget(widget, index=0, canvas=None)
Parameters
gramming Guide.
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>>> root = Widget()
apply_class_lang_rules(root=None, ignored_consts={}, rule_children=None)

Method that is called by kivy to apply the kv rules of this widget’s class.
Parameters
root: Widget The root widget that instantiated this widget in kv, if the widget
was instantiated in kv, otherwise None.
ignored_consts: set (internal) See apply().
rule_children: list (internal) See apply().
This is useful to be able to execute code before/after the class kv rules are applied to the
widget. E.g. if the kv code requires some properties to be initialized before it is used in
a binding rule. If overwriting remember to call super, otherwise the kv rules will not be
applied.
In the following example,
pass
class OtherWidget(MyWidget):
pass
<MyWidget>: my_prop: some_value

<OtherWidget>: other_prop: some_value
When OtherWidget is instantiated with OtherWidget(), the widget’s

apply_class_lang_rules() is called and it applies the kv rules of this class -
<MyWidget> and <OtherWidget>.
Similarly, when the widget is instantiated from kv, e.g.
<MyBox@BoxLayout>:
height: 55
OtherWidget:
width: 124
OtherWidget’s apply_class_lang_rules() is called and it applies the kv rules of this

class - <MyWidget> and <OtherWidget>.
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Note: It applies only the class rules not the instance rules. I.e. in the above kv example in the
MyBox rule when OtherWidget is instantiated, its apply_class_lang_rules() applies
the <MyWidget> and <OtherWidget> rules to it - it does not apply the width: 124 rule.
The width: 124 rule is part of the MyBox rule and is applied by the MyBox’s instance’s
apply_class_lang_rules().

canvas = None
Canvas of the widget.
The canvas is a graphics object that contains all the drawing instructions for the graphical
representation of the widget.
There are no general properties for the Widget class, such as background color, to keep the
design simple and lean. Some derived classes, such as Button, do add such convenience
properties but generally the developer is responsible for implementing the graphics rep-
resentation for a custom widget from the ground up. See the derived widget classes for
patterns to follow and extend.
See Canvas for more information about the usage.
center
Center position of the widget.
center is a ReferenceListProperty of (center_x, center_y) properties.
center_x
X center position of the widget.
center_x is an AliasProperty of (x + width / 2.).
center_y
Y center position of the widget.
center_y is an AliasProperty of (y + height / 2.).
children
List of children of this widget.
children is a ListProperty and defaults to an empty list.
Use add_widget() and remove_widget() for manipulating the children list. Don’t ma-
nipulate the children list directly unless you know what you are doing.
clear_widgets(children=None)
to remove.
cls
Class of the widget, used for styling.
collide_point(x, y)
Parameters
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True
collide_widget(wid)
Check if another widget collides with this widget. This function performs an axis-aligned
bounding box intersection test by default.
Parameters
wid: Widget class Widget to test collision with.
Returns bool. True if the other widget collides with this widget, False otherwise.
>>> wid = Widget(size=(50, 50))

>>> wid2 = Widget(size=(50, 50), pos=(25, 25))
>>> wid.collide_widget(wid2)
True
>>> wid2.pos = (55, 55)
>>> wid.collide_widget(wid2)
False
disabled
Indicates whether this widget can interact with input or not.
disabled is an AliasProperty and defaults to False.
Note:
1. Child Widgets, when added to a disabled widget, will be disabled automatically.
2. Disabling/enabling a parent disables/enables all of its children.

Changed in version 1.10.1: disabled was changed from a BooleanProperty to an
AliasProperty to allow access to its previous state when a parent’s disabled state is
changed.
export_as_image(*args, **kwargs)
Return an core Image of the actual widget.
export_to_png(filename, *args, **kwargs)
Saves an image of the widget and its children in png format at the specified filename. Works
by removing the widget canvas from its parent, rendering to an Fbo, and calling save().
Note: The image includes only this widget and its children. If you want to include widgets
elsewhere in the tree, you must call export_to_png() from their common parent, or use
screenshot() to capture the whole window.
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Note: The image will be saved in png format, you should include the extension in your
filename.

Parameters
filename: str The filename with which to save the png.
scale: float The amount by which to scale the saved image, defaults to 1.
get_parent_window()
Return the parent window.
Returns Instance of the parent window. Can be a WindowBase or Widget.
get_root_window()
Return the root window.
Returns Instance of the root window. Can be a WindowBase or Widget.
get_window_matrix(x=0, y=0)
Calculate the transformation matrix to convert between window and widget coordinates.
Parameters
x: float, defaults to 0 Translates the matrix on the x axis.
y: float, defaults to 0 Translates the matrix on the y axis.
height
Height of the widget.
height is a NumericProperty and defaults to 100.
Warning: Keep in mind that the height property is subject to layout logic and that this
has not yet happened at the time of the widget’s __init__ method.
Warning: A negative height is not supported.
ids
This is a dictionary of ids defined in your kv language. This will only be populated if you
use ids in your kv language code.
ids is a DictProperty and defaults to an empty dict {}.
The ids are populated for each root level widget definition. For example:
# in kv
<MyWidget@Widget>:
id: my_widget
Label:
id: label_widget
Widget:
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id: inner_widget
Label:
id: inner_label
TextInput:
id: text_input
OtherWidget:
id: other_widget
<OtherWidget@Widget>
id: other_widget
Label:
id: other_label
TextInput:
id: other_textinput
Then, in python:
>>> widget = MyWidget()

>>> print(widget.ids)
{'other_widget': <weakproxy at 041CFED0 to OtherWidget at 041BEC38>
,→,
'inner_widget': <weakproxy at 04137EA0 to Widget at 04138228>,

'inner_label': <weakproxy at 04143540 to Label at 04138260>,
'label_widget': <weakproxy at 04137B70 to Label at 040F97A0>,
'text_input': <weakproxy at 041BB5D0 to TextInput at 041BEC00>}
>>> print(widget.ids['other_widget'].ids)
{'other_textinput': <weakproxy at 041DBB40 to TextInput at
,→041BEF48>,
'other_label': <weakproxy at 041DB570 to Label at 041BEEA0>}

>>> print(widget.ids['label_widget'].ids)
{}
motion_filter
Holds a dict of type_id to list of child widgets registered to receive motion events of type_id.
Don’t change the property directly but use register_for_motion_event() and
unregister_for_motion_event() to register and unregister for motion events. If self
is registered it will always be the first element in the list.

present.
Parameters
762
Parameters
on_touch_up(touch)
opacity
Opacity of the widget and all its children.
The opacity attribute controls the opacity of the widget and its children. Be careful, it’s a
cumulative attribute: the value is multiplied by the current global opacity and the result is
For example, if the parent has an opacity of 0.5 and a child has an opacity of 0.2, the real
Then, the opacity is applied by the shader as:
opacity is a NumericProperty and defaults to 1.0.

parent
Parent of this widget. The parent of a widget is set when the widget is added to another
widget and unset when the widget is removed from its parent.
parent is an ObjectProperty and defaults to None.
pos
Position of the widget.
pos is a ReferenceListProperty of (x, y) properties.
pos_hint
Position hint. This property allows you to set the position of the widget inside its parent
layout (similar to size_hint).
For example, if you want to set the top of the widget to be at 90% height of its parent layout,
you can write:
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widget = Widget(pos_hint={'top': 0.9})
The keys ‘x’, ‘right’ and ‘center_x’ will use the parent width. The keys ‘y’, ‘top’ and ‘center_y’
will use the parent height.
See Float Layout for further reference.
Note: pos_hint is not used by all layouts. Check the documentation of the layout in
question to see if it supports pos_hint.
pos_hint is an ObjectProperty containing a dict.

property proxy_ref
Return a proxy reference to the widget, i.e. without creating a reference to the widget. See
weakref.proxy for more information.
register_for_motion_event(type_id, widget=None)
Register to receive motion events of type_id.
Override on_motion() or bind to on_motion event to handle the incoming motion events.
Parameters
type_id: str Motion event type id (eg. “touch”, “hover”, etc.)
widget: Widget Child widget or self if omitted
Note: Method can be called multiple times with the same arguments.
remove_widget(widget)
Parameters

>>> root = Widget()
right
Right position of the widget.
right is an AliasProperty of (x + width).
size
Size of the widget.
size is a ReferenceListProperty of (width, height) properties.
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size_hint
Size hint.
size_hint is a ReferenceListProperty of (size_hint_x, size_hint_y) properties.
See size_hint_x for more information.
size_hint_max
Maximum size when using size_hint.
size_hint_max is a ReferenceListProperty of (size_hint_max_x,
size_hint_max_y) properties.
size_hint_max_x
When not None, the x-direction maximum size (in pixels, like width) when size_hint_x
is also not None.
Similar to size_hint_min_x, except that it sets the maximum width.
size_hint_max_x is a NumericProperty and defaults to None.
size_hint_max_y
When not None, the y-direction maximum size (in pixels, like height) when size_hint_y
is also not None.
Similar to size_hint_min_y, except that it sets the maximum height.
size_hint_max_y is a NumericProperty and defaults to None.
size_hint_min
Minimum size when using size_hint.
size_hint_min is a ReferenceListProperty of (size_hint_min_x,
size_hint_min_y) properties.
size_hint_min_x
When not None, the x-direction minimum size (in pixels, like width) when size_hint_x
is also not None.
When size_hint_x is not None, it is the minimum width that the widget will be set due
to the size_hint_x. I.e. when a smaller size would be set, size_hint_min_x is the
value used instead for the widget width. When None, or when size_hint_x is None,
size_hint_min_x doesn’t do anything.
Only the Layout and Window classes make use of the hint.
size_hint_min_x is a NumericProperty and defaults to None.
size_hint_min_y
When not None, the y-direction minimum size (in pixels, like height) when size_hint_y
is also not None.
When size_hint_y is not None, it is the minimum height that the widget will be set due
to the size_hint_y. I.e. when a smaller size would be set, size_hint_min_y is the
value used instead for the widget height. When None, or when size_hint_y is None,
size_hint_min_y doesn’t do anything.
765
Only the Layout and Window classes make use of the hint.
size_hint_min_y is a NumericProperty and defaults to None.
size_hint_x
x size hint. Represents how much space the widget should use in the direction of the x axis
relative to its parent’s width. Only the Layout and Window classes make use of the hint.
The size_hint is used by layouts for two purposes:
• When the layout considers widgets on their own rather than in relation to its other chil-
dren, the size_hint_x is a direct proportion of the parent width, normally between 0.0 and
1.0. For instance, a widget with size_hint_x=0.5 in a vertical BoxLayout will take up
half the BoxLayout’s width, or a widget in a FloatLayout with size_hint_x=0.2 will
take up 20% of the FloatLayout width. If the size_hint is greater than 1, the widget will
be wider than the parent.
• When multiple widgets can share a row of a layout, such as in a horizontal BoxLayout,
their widths will be their size_hint_x as a fraction of the sum of widget size_hints. For
instance, if the size_hint_xs are (0.5, 1.0, 0.5), the first widget will have a width of 25% of
the parent width.
size_hint_x is a NumericProperty and defaults to 1.
size_hint_y
y size hint.
size_hint_y is a NumericProperty and defaults to 1.
See size_hint_x for more information, but with widths and heights swapped.
to_local(x, y, relative=False)
Parameters
to_parent(x, y, relative=False)
Parameters
to_widget(x, y, relative=False)
Convert the coordinate from window to local (current widget) coordinates.
to_window(x, y, initial=True, relative=False)
If initial is True, the default, it transforms parent coordinates to window coordinates.
Otherwise, it transforms local (current widget) coordinates to window coordinates.
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top
Top position of the widget.
top is an AliasProperty of (y + height).
unregister_for_motion_event(type_id, widget=None)
Unregister to receive motion events of type_id.
Parameters
type_id: str Motion event type id (eg. “touch”, “hover”, etc.)
widget: Widget Child widget or self if omitted
Note: Method can be called multiple times with the same arguments.
walk(restrict=False, loopback=False)
Iterator that walks the widget tree starting with this widget and goes forward returning
widgets in the order in which layouts display them.
Parameters
restrict: bool, defaults to False If True, it will only iterate through the widget
and its children (or children of its children etc.). Defaults to False.
loopback: bool, defaults to False If True, when the last widget in the tree is
reached, it’ll loop back to the uppermost root and start walking until we hit
this widget again. Naturally, it can only loop back when restrict is False. De-
faults to False.
Returns A generator that walks the tree, returning widgets in the forward layout
order.
For example, given a tree with the following structure:
GridLayout:
Button
BoxLayout:
id: box
Widget
Button
Widget
walking this tree:
>>> # Call walk on box with loopback True, and restrict False
>>> [type(widget) for widget in box.walk(loopback=True)]
[<class 'BoxLayout'>, <class 'Widget'>, <class 'Button'>,
<class 'Widget'>, <class 'GridLayout'>, <class 'Button'>]
>>> # Now with loopback False, and restrict False
>>> [type(widget) for widget in box.walk()]
[<class 'BoxLayout'>, <class 'Widget'>, <class 'Button'>,
<class 'Widget'>]
767
>>> # Now with restrict True
>>> [type(widget) for widget in box.walk(restrict=True)]
[<class 'BoxLayout'>, <class 'Widget'>, <class 'Button'>]

walk_reverse(loopback=False)
Iterator that walks the widget tree backwards starting with the widget before this, and going
backwards returning widgets in the reverse order in which layouts display them.
This walks in the opposite direction of walk(), so a list of the tree generated with walk()
will be in reverse order compared to the list generated with this, provided loopback is True.
Parameters
loopback: bool, defaults to False If True, when the uppermost root in the tree
is reached, it’ll loop back to the last widget and start walking back until after
we hit widget again. Defaults to False.
Returns A generator that walks the tree, returning widgets in the reverse layout
order.
For example, given a tree with the following structure:
GridLayout:
Button
BoxLayout:
id: box
Widget
Button
Widget
walking this tree:
>>> # Call walk on box with loopback True

>>> [type(widget) for widget in box.walk_reverse(loopback=True)]
[<class 'Button'>, <class 'GridLayout'>, <class 'Widget'>,
<class 'Button'>, <class 'Widget'>, <class 'BoxLayout'>]
>>> # Now with loopback False
>>> [type(widget) for widget in box.walk_reverse()]
[<class 'Button'>, <class 'GridLayout'>]
>>> forward = [w for w in box.walk(loopback=True)]
>>> backward = [w for w in box.walk_reverse(loopback=True)]
>>> forward == backward[::-1]
True

width
Width of the widget.
width is a NumericProperty and defaults to 100.
Warning: Keep in mind that the width property is subject to layout logic and that this
has not yet happened at the time of the widget’s __init__ method.
768
Warning: A negative width is not supported.
x
X position of the widget.
x is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
y
Y position of the widget.
y is a NumericProperty and defaults to 0.
exception kivy.uix.widget.WidgetException
Bases: Exception
Fired when the widget gets an exception.
769
770
Part VI
APPENDIX
The appendix contains licensing information and an enumeration of all the different modules, classes,
functions and variables available in Kivy.
771
772
CHAPTER
FORTYSIX
LICENSE
Kivy is released and distributed under the terms of the MIT license starting version 1.7.2. Older versions
are still under the LGPLv3.
You should have received a copy of the MIT license alongside your Kivy distribution. See the LICENSE
file in the Kivy root folder. An online version of the license can be found at:
https://github.com/kivy/kivy/blob/master/LICENSE
In a nutshell, the license allows you to use Kivy in your own projects regardless of whether they are
open source, closed source, commercial or free. Even if the license doesn’t require it, we would really
appreciate when you make changes to the Kivy sourcecode itself, share those changes with us!
For a list of authors, please see the file AUTHORS that accompanies the Kivy source code distribution
(next to LICENSE).
Kivy – Copyright 2010-2022, The Kivy Authors.
773
774
PYTHON MODULE INDEX
k kivy.graphics.gl_instructions, 391
kivy, 187 kivy.graphics.instructions, 377
kivy._version, 188 kivy.graphics.opengl, 393
kivy.animation, 188 kivy.graphics.opengl_utils, 403
kivy.app, 197 kivy.graphics.scissor_instructions,
kivy.atlas, 213 404
kivy.base, 256 kivy.graphics.shader, 405
kivy.cache, 216 kivy.graphics.stencil_instructions,
kivy.clock, 218 407
kivy.compat, 234 kivy.graphics.svg, 409
kivy.config, 234 kivy.graphics.tesselator, 410
kivy.context, 241 kivy.graphics.texture, 413
kivy.core, 299 kivy.graphics.transformation, 420
kivy.core.audio, 299 kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions, 423
kivy.core.camera, 301 kivy.input, 435
kivy.core.clipboard, 302 kivy.input.factory, 459
kivy.core.gl, 303 kivy.input.motionevent, 453
kivy.core.image, 303 kivy.input.postproc, 440
kivy.core.spelling, 307 kivy.input.postproc.calibration, 440
kivy.core.text, 308 kivy.input.postproc.dejitter, 441
kivy.core.text.markup, 316 kivy.input.postproc.doubletap, 442
kivy.core.text.text_layout, 312 kivy.input.postproc.ignorelist, 442
kivy.core.video, 317 kivy.input.postproc.retaintouch, 442
kivy.core.window, 319 kivy.input.postproc.tripletap, 443
kivy.deps, 339 kivy.input.provider, 459
kivy.effects, 341 kivy.input.providers, 443
kivy.effects.dampedscroll, 341 kivy.input.providers.androidjoystick,
kivy.effects.kinetic, 342 443
kivy.effects.opacityscroll, 344 kivy.input.providers.hidinput, 446
kivy.effects.scroll, 344 kivy.input.providers.leapfinger, 444
kivy.event, 241 kivy.input.providers.linuxwacom, 448
kivy.eventmanager, 347 kivy.input.providers.mactouch, 448
kivy.factory, 250 kivy.input.providers.mouse, 445
kivy.garden, 351 kivy.input.providers.mtdev, 447
kivy.geometry, 251 kivy.input.providers.probesysfs, 443
kivy.gesture, 251 kivy.input.providers.tuio, 449
kivy.graphics, 355 kivy.input.providers.wm_common, 444
kivy.graphics.cgl, 382 kivy.input.recorder, 451
kivy.graphics.compiler, 392 kivy.input.shape, 460
kivy.graphics.context, 387 kivy.interactive, 253
kivy.graphics.context_instructions, kivy.lang, 461
383 kivy.lang.builder, 478
kivy.graphics.fbo, 388 kivy.lang.parser, 482
kivy.lib, 483
775
kivy.lib.ddsfile, 483 kivy.uix.filechooser, 603
kivy.lib.gstplayer, 483 kivy.uix.floatlayout, 613
kivy.lib.mtdev, 484 kivy.uix.gesturesurface, 615
kivy.loader, 211 kivy.uix.gridlayout, 619
kivy.logger, 259 kivy.uix.image, 623
kivy.metrics, 261 kivy.uix.label, 626
kivy.modules, 487 kivy.uix.layout, 639
kivy.modules.console, 488 kivy.uix.modalview, 642
kivy.modules.inspector, 493 kivy.uix.pagelayout, 645
kivy.modules.joycursor, 494 kivy.uix.popup, 647
kivy.modules.keybinding, 495 kivy.uix.progressbar, 650
kivy.modules.monitor, 495 kivy.uix.recycleboxlayout, 651
kivy.modules.recorder, 496 kivy.uix.recyclegridlayout, 651
kivy.modules.screen, 496 kivy.uix.recyclelayout, 652
kivy.modules.touchring, 497 kivy.uix.recycleview, 549
kivy.modules.webdebugger, 497 kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel, 555
kivy.multistroke, 264 kivy.uix.recycleview.layout, 556
kivy.network, 499 kivy.uix.recycleview.views, 559
kivy.network.urlrequest, 499 kivy.uix.relativelayout, 654
kivy.parser, 273 kivy.uix.rst, 659
kivy.properties, 274 kivy.uix.sandbox, 662
kivy.resources, 289 kivy.uix.scatter, 664
kivy.storage, 503 kivy.uix.scatterlayout, 670
kivy.storage.dictstore, 507 kivy.uix.screenmanager, 672
kivy.storage.jsonstore, 507 kivy.uix.scrollview, 681
kivy.storage.redisstore, 507 kivy.uix.settings, 688
kivy.support, 290 kivy.uix.slider, 699
kivy.tools, 509 kivy.uix.spinner, 703
kivy.tools.packaging, 510 kivy.uix.splitter, 705
kivy.uix, 511 kivy.uix.stacklayout, 708
kivy.uix.accordion, 562 kivy.uix.stencilview, 710
kivy.uix.actionbar, 567 kivy.uix.switch, 711
kivy.uix.anchorlayout, 573 kivy.uix.tabbedpanel, 712
kivy.uix.behaviors, 511 kivy.uix.textinput, 720
kivy.uix.behaviors.button, 524 kivy.uix.togglebutton, 734
kivy.uix.behaviors.codenavigation, 526 kivy.uix.treeview, 735
kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection, kivy.uix.video, 741
526 kivy.uix.videoplayer, 743
kivy.uix.behaviors.cover, 532 kivy.uix.vkeyboard, 749
kivy.uix.behaviors.drag, 533 kivy.uix.widget, 754
kivy.uix.behaviors.emacs, 535 kivy.utils, 290
kivy.uix.behaviors.focus, 536 kivy.vector, 293
kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace, 540 kivy.weakmethod, 297
kivy.uix.behaviors.togglebutton, 545 kivy.weakproxy, 297
kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple, 547
kivy.uix.boxlayout, 574
kivy.uix.bubble, 577
kivy.uix.button, 581
kivy.uix.camera, 583
kivy.uix.carousel, 584
kivy.uix.checkbox, 588
kivy.uix.codeinput, 590
kivy.uix.colorpicker, 592
kivy.uix.dropdown, 594
kivy.uix.effectwidget, 598
776
INDEX
A add() (kivy.graphics.InstructionGroup method), 365

a (kivy.graphics.ClearColor attribute), 361 add() (kivy.graphics.instructions.Canvas method),
a (kivy.graphics.Color attribute), 362 379
a (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Color attribute), add() (kivy.graphics.instructions.InstructionGroup
384 method), 380
add _callback() (kivy.config.ConfigParser
a (kivy.graphics.gl_instructions.ClearColor attribute),
391 method), 239
a (kivy.uix.colorpicker.ColorWheel attribute), 593 add_contour() (kivy.graphics.tesselator.Tesselator
AbstractStore (class in kivy.storage), 505 method), 412
_ add _event_listener()
accept stroke() (kivy.uix.gesturesurface.GestureContainer
method), 616 (kivy.base.EventLoopBase method), 256
add _gesture() (kivy.gesture.GestureDatabase
Accordion (class in kivy.uix.accordion), 563
accordion (kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem at- method), 252
tribute), 564 add_gesture() (kivy.multistroke.Recognizer
AccordionException, 564 method), 269
AccordionItem (class in kivy.uix.accordion), 564 add_handler() (kivy.base.ExceptionManagerBase
action_previous (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionView method), 258
add_input_provider()
attribute), 572
action_view (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionBar at- (kivy.base.EventLoopBase method), 256
add_interface() (kivy.uix.settings.Settings
tribute), 568
ActionBar (class in kivy.uix.actionbar), 568 method), 697
ActionBarException, 568 add_item() (kivy.uix.settings.MenuSidebar
ActionButton (class in kivy.uix.actionbar), 568 method), 693
ActionCheck (class in kivy.uix.actionbar), 569 add_json_panel() (kivy.uix.settings.Settings
ActionDropDown (class in kivy.uix.actionbar), 569 method), 697
ActionGroup (class in kivy.uix.actionbar), 569 add_kivy_panel() (kivy.uix.settings.Settings
ActionItem (class in kivy.uix.actionbar), 570 method), 697
_
ActionOverflow (class in kivy.uix.actionbar), 570 add mipmap() (kivy.core.image.ImageData
ActionPrevious (class in kivy.uix.actionbar), 571 method), 306
_
ActionSeparator (class in kivy.uix.actionbar), add node() (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView method),
572 737
add_panel() (kivy.modules.console.Console
ActionToggleButton (class in
kivy.uix.actionbar), 572 method), 491
ActionView (class in kivy.uix.actionbar), 572 add_panel() (kivy.uix.settings.ContentPanel
activate() (kivy.modules.console.ConsoleAddon method), 691
method), 492 add_panel() (kivy.uix.settings.InterfaceWithSidebar
activated (kivy.modules.console.Console attribute), method), 693
add _point() (kivy.gesture.GestureStroke method),
491
active (kivy.uix.checkbox.CheckBox attribute), 589 252
add_point() (kivy.graphics.Point method), 372
active (kivy.uix.switch.Switch attribute), 711
_
active_norm_pos (kivy.uix.switch.Switch at- add point() (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Point
tribute), 712 method), 432
_
add point() (kivy.multistroke.UnistrokeTemplate
add() (kivy.graphics.Canvas method), 359
method), 273
777
add_postproc_module() method), 614
(kivy.base.EventLoopBase method), 256 add_widget() (kivy.uix.layout.Layout method),
add_reload_observer() 640
(kivy.graphics.context.Context method), add_widget() (kivy.uix.popup.Popup method), 648
387 add_widget() (kivy.uix.recycleview.RecycleView
_ _
add reload observer() (kivy.graphics.Fbo method), 553
method), 363 add_widget() (kivy.uix.sandbox.Sandbox method),
add_reload_observer() (kivy.graphics.fbo.Fbo 663
method), 389 add_widget() (kivy.uix.scatterlayout.ScatterLayout
add_reload_observer() method), 670
(kivy.graphics.texture.Texture method), add_widget() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager
416 method), 676
add_screen() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ShaderTransition add_widget() (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView
method), 679 method), 683
add_screen() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.SwapTransition add_widget() (kivy.uix.settings.ContentPanel
add_screen() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.TransitionBaseadd_widget() (kivy.uix.settings.SettingItem
add_stroke() (kivy.gesture.Gesture method), 252 add_widget() (kivy.uix.splitter.Splitter method),
_
add stroke() (kivy.multistroke.Candidate 706
method), 266 add_widget() (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel
add_stroke() (kivy.multistroke.MultistrokeGesture method), 715
method), 267 add_widget() (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanelItem
add_stroke() (kivy.uix.gesturesurface.GestureContainer method), 719
method), 616 add_widget() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget method),
add_toolbar_widget() 757
(kivy.modules.console.Console method), adddefaultsection() (kivy.config.ConfigParser
491 method), 239
add_widget() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase addons (kivy.modules.console.Console attribute), 491
method), 322 AdvancedEffectBase (class in
add_widget() (kivy.uix.accordion.Accordion kivy.uix.effectwidget), 600
method), 563 after (kivy.graphics.Canvas attribute), 359
add_widget() (kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem after (kivy.graphics.instructions.Canvas attribute),
method), 565 379
add_widget() (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionBar AliasProperty (class in kivy.properties), 278
method), 568 allow_copy (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput at-
_
add widget() (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionGroup tribute), 723
method), 569 allow_fullscreen
add_widget() (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionOverflow (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer attribute),
method), 570 745
_
add widget() (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionView allow no_selection
_
method), 572 (kivy.uix.behaviors.togglebutton.ToggleButtonBehavior
add_widget() (kivy.uix.boxlayout.BoxLayout attribute), 546
method), 575 allow_no_selection
add_widget() (kivy.uix.bubble.Bubble method), (kivy.uix.behaviors.ToggleButtonBehavior
579 attribute), 522
add_widget() (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel method), allow_screensaver
585 (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute),
_
add widget() (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown 322
method), 596 allow_stretch (kivy.uix.image.Image attribute),
add_widget() (kivy.uix.effectwidget.EffectWidget 624
method), 601 always_overscroll
add_widget() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooser (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView attribute),
method), 608 684
add_widget() (kivy.uix.floatlayout.FloatLayout always_release (kivy.uix.behaviors.button.ButtonBehavior
778
attribute), 525 annotations (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer at-
always_release (kivy.uix.behaviors.ButtonBehavior tribute), 746
attribute), 513 App (class in kivy.app), 204
always_release (kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple.TouchRippleButtonBehavior
app_icon (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionPrevious at-
attribute), 548 tribute), 571
always_release (kivy.uix.behaviors.TouchRippleButtonBehavior
app_icon_height (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionPrevious
attribute), 524 attribute), 571
anchor_x (kivy.graphics.svg.Svg attribute), 409 app_icon_width (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionPrevious
anchor_x (kivy.uix.anchorlayout.AnchorLayout at- attribute), 571
tribute), 573 append() (kivy.cache.Cache static method), 217
anchor_y (kivy.graphics.svg.Svg attribute), 409 apply() (kivy.lang.builder.BuilderBase method), 478
_
anchor y (kivy.uix.anchorlayout.AnchorLayout at- apply() (kivy.lang.BuilderBase method), 474
tribute), 573 apply_class_lang_rules()
AnchorLayout (class in kivy.uix.anchorlayout), 573 (kivy.uix.widget.Widget method), 758
anchors (kivy.core.text.markup.MarkupLabel prop- apply_property() (kivy.event.EventDispatcher
erty), 316 method), 241
anchors (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 631 apply_rules() (kivy.lang.builder.BuilderBase
AndroidMotionEventProvider (class in method), 479
kivy.input.providers.androidjoystick), 443 apply_rules() (kivy.lang.BuilderBase method),
angle (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Rotate at- 474
tribute), 385 apply_selection()
angle (kivy.graphics.Rotate attribute), 374 (kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.LayoutSelectionBehavior
angle() (kivy.vector.Vector method), 294 method), 556
angle_end (kivy.graphics.Ellipse attribute), 363 apply_transform() (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter
angle_end (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Ellipse method), 666
attribute), 425 apply_transform_2d()
_
angle start (kivy.graphics.Ellipse attribute), 363 (kivy.input.MotionEvent method), 435
angle_start (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Ellipseapply_transform_2d()
attribute), 426 (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent
anim_available (kivy.core.image.Image property), method), 455
304 ApplyContextMatrix (class in kivy.graphics), 356
anim_cancel_duration arrow_image (kivy.uix.bubble.Bubble attribute),
(kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel attribute), 579
585 _
arrow pos (kivy.uix.bubble.Bubble attribute), 579
anim_delay (kivy.core.image.Image property), 304 ask_update() (kivy.graphics.Callback method),
_
anim delay (kivy.uix.image.Image attribute), 624 359
anim_duration (kivy.uix.accordion.Accordion at- ask_update() (kivy.graphics.Canvas method), 359
tribute), 564 ask_update() (kivy.graphics.instructions.Callback
anim_func (kivy.uix.accordion.Accordion attribute), method), 378
564 ask_update() (kivy.graphics.instructions.Canvas
anim_index (kivy.core.image.Image property), 304 method), 379
anim_kwargs (kivy.uix.pagelayout.PageLayout at- ask_update() (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture
anim_loop (kivy.uix.image.Image attribute), 624 ask_update() (kivy.graphics.texture.TextureRegion
_ _
anim move duration (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel method), 420
attribute), 586 async_clear() (kivy.storage.AbstractStore
anim_reset() (kivy.core.image.Image method), 304 method), 505
anim_type (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel attribute), async_count() (kivy.storage.AbstractStore
586 method), 505
animated_properties async_delete() (kivy.storage.AbstractStore
(kivy.animation.Animation property), method), 505
190 async_exists() (kivy.storage.AbstractStore
Animation (class in kivy.animation), 190 method), 505
AnimationTransition (class in kivy.animation), async_find() (kivy.storage.AbstractStore method),
191 505
779
async_get() (kivy.storage.AbstractStore method), B
505 b (kivy.graphics.ClearColor attribute), 361
async_idle() (kivy.base.EventLoopBase method), b (kivy.graphics.Color attribute), 362
256 b (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Color attribute),
_
async idle() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior 384
method), 225 b (kivy.graphics.gl_instructions.ClearColor attribute),
async_idle() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseFreeInterruptOnly 391
method), 226 b (kivy.uix.colorpicker.ColorWheel attribute), 593
async_idle() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseInterruptBehaviorbackground (kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView
method), 227 attribute), 643
async_keys() (kivy.storage.AbstractStore method), background (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard at-
506 tribute), 751
async_put() (kivy.storage.AbstractStore method), background_active
506 (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute),
async_run() (kivy.app.App method), 204 723
async_runTouchApp() (in module kivy.app), 210 background_border
async_runTouchApp() (in module kivy.base), 258 (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard attribute),
async_tick() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior 751
method), 225 background_checkbox_disabled_down
AsyncImage (class in kivy.uix.image), 624 (kivy.uix.checkbox.CheckBox attribute), 589
Atlas (class in kivy.atlas), 215 background_checkbox_disabled_normal
attach_recycleview() (kivy.uix.checkbox.CheckBox attribute), 589
background_checkbox_down
(kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel.RecycleDataModel
method), 555 (kivy.uix.checkbox.CheckBox attribute),
attach_recycleview() 589
background_checkbox_normal
(kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel.RecycleDataModelBehavior
method), 556 (kivy.uix.checkbox.CheckBox attribute),
attach_recycleview() 589
(kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataAdapterbackground_color (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionBar
attach_to (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown at- background_color
tribute), 596 (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionView attribute),
attach_to (kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView at- 572
tribute), 643 background_color (kivy.uix.bubble.Bubble
auto_bring_to_front (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter attribute), 580
attribute), 666 background_color (kivy.uix.button.Button at-
auto_dismiss (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown attribute), 582
tribute), 596 background_color
auto_dismiss (kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView at- (kivy.uix.effectwidget.EffectWidget at-
tribute), 643 tribute), 601
auto_indent (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput at- background_color
tribute), 723 (kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView attribute),
auto_scale (kivy.graphics.BorderImage attribute), 643
358 background_color (kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument at-
auto_scale (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.BorderImage tribute), 660
attribute), 425 background_color
auto_width (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown at- (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel at-
available_layouts background_color (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput
(kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard attribute), attribute), 724
751 background_color
axis (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Rotate at- (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard attribute),
tribute), 385 751
axis (kivy.graphics.Rotate attribute), 374 background_disabled
(kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard attribute),
780
751 (kivy.uix.checkbox.CheckBox attribute),
background_disabled_down 589
(kivy.uix.button.Button attribute), 582 background_radio_disabled_normal
background_disabled_horizontal (kivy.uix.checkbox.CheckBox attribute), 590
(kivy.uix.slider.Slider attribute), 700 background_radio_down
background_disabled_image (kivy.uix.checkbox.CheckBox attribute),
(kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel at- 590
tribute), 716 background_radio_normal
background_disabled_normal (kivy.uix.checkbox.CheckBox attribute),
(kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem at- 590
tribute), 565 background_selected
background_disabled_normal (kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem at-
(kivy.uix.button.Button attribute), 582 tribute), 565
background_disabled_normal background_vertical (kivy.uix.slider.Slider at-
(kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute), tribute), 700
724 background_width (kivy.uix.slider.Slider at-
background_disabled_selected tribute), 700
(kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem at- bar_color (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView at-
background_disabled_vertical bar_inactive_color
(kivy.uix.slider.Slider attribute), 700 (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView attribute),
background_down (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionItem 684
attribute), 570 bar_margin (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView at-
background_down (kivy.uix.button.Button attribute), 684
tribute), 582 bar_pos (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView attribute),
background_horizontal (kivy.uix.slider.Slider 684
attribute), 700 bar pos_x
_ (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView at-
background_image (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionBar tribute), 684
attribute), 568 bar_pos_y (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView at-
background_image tribute), 684
(kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionSeparator at- bar_width (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView at-
background_image base_direction (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute),
(kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionView attribute), 631
572 base_direction (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput at-
background_image (kivy.uix.bubble.Bubble tribute), 724
attribute), 580 base_font_size (kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument at-
background_image tribute), 660
(kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.StripLayout attribute), bbox (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter attribute), 666
715 before (kivy.graphics.Canvas attribute), 359
background_image before (kivy.graphics.instructions.Canvas at-
(kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel attribute), 379
tribute), 716 best (kivy.multistroke.ProgressTracker property), 269
background_normal Bezier (class in kivy.graphics), 356
(kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem at- Bezier (class in kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions),
tribute), 565 424
background_normal bezier (kivy.graphics.Line attribute), 367
(kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionItem attribute), bezier (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line at-
570 tribute), 428
background_normal (kivy.uix.button.Button at- bezier_precision (kivy.graphics.Line attribute),
tribute), 583 367
background_normal bezier_precision
(kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute), (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line
724 attribute), 428
background_radio_disabled_down bind() (kivy.event.EventDispatcher method), 241
781
bind() (kivy.event.Observable method), 249 417
bind() (kivy.graphics.Fbo method), 364 build() (kivy.app.App method), 205
bind() (kivy.graphics.fbo.Fbo method), 389 build_config() (kivy.app.App method), 205
bind() (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture method), 416 build_settings() (kivy.app.App method), 205
bind() (kivy.graphics.texture.TextureRegion Builder (in module kivy.lang.builder), 478
method), 420 BuilderBase (class in kivy.lang), 474
bind() (kivy.lang.builder.Observable method), 482 BuilderBase (class in kivy.lang.builder), 478
bind() (kivy.lang.Observable method), 477 BuilderException, 477, 481
bind() (kivy.properties.Property method), 287 Button (class in kivy.uix.button), 582
BindTexture (class in kivy.graphics), 357 button (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 435
BindTexture (class in button (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent
kivy.graphics.context_instructions), 383 attribute), 455
blit_buffer() (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture ButtonBehavior (class in kivy.uix.behaviors), 512
method), 416 ButtonBehavior (class in
blit_data() (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture kivy.uix.behaviors.button), 525
method), 417 buttons_layout (kivy.uix.settings.MenuSidebar
bold (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 631 attribute), 693
BooleanProperty (class in kivy.properties), 279
border (kivy.graphics.BorderImage attribute), 358
C
border (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.BorderImage Cache (class in kivy.cache), 217
attribute), 425 Callback (class in kivy.graphics), 358
border (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionBar attribute), 568 Callback (class in kivy.graphics.instructions), 377
border (kivy.uix.bubble.Bubble attribute), 580 callback (kivy.clock.ClockEvent attribute), 227
border (kivy.uix.button.Button attribute), 583 callback (kivy.core.window.Keyboard attribute),
border (kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView attribute), 320
643 callback (kivy.graphics.Callback attribute), 359
border (kivy.uix.pagelayout.PageLayout attribute), callback (kivy.graphics.instructions.Callback at-
645 tribute), 378
border (kivy.uix.splitter.Splitter attribute), 707 callback (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard attribute),
border (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.StripLayout attribute), 751
715 Camera (class in kivy.uix.camera), 583
border (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel attribute), CameraBase (class in kivy.core.camera), 301
716 cancel() (kivy.animation.Animation method), 190
border (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute), 724 cancel() (kivy.clock.ClockEvent method), 227
border_auto_scale (kivy.uix.bubble.Bubble at- cancel() (kivy.effects.kinetic.KineticEffect method),
tribute), 580 342
_
border horizontal (kivy.uix.slider.Slider at- cancel() (kivy.network.urlrequest.UrlRequest
border_vertical (kivy.uix.slider.Slider at- cancel() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController
BorderImage (class in kivy.graphics), 357 cancel() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserProgressBase
BorderImage (class in method), 612
kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions), 424 cancel _ all() (kivy.animation.Animation static
borderless (kivy.core.window.WindowBase at- method), 190
tribute), 322 cancel_property() (kivy.animation.Animation
boundary() (in module kivy.utils), 291 method), 191
BoundedNumericProperty (class in cancel_selection()
kivy.properties), 279 (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method),
bounds (kivy.properties.BoundedNumericProperty 724
attribute), 280 Candidate (class in kivy.multistroke), 266
BoxLayout (class in kivy.uix.boxlayout), 575 Canvas (class in kivy.graphics), 359
Bubble (class in kivy.uix.bubble), 579 Canvas (class in kivy.graphics.instructions), 378
BubbleButton (class in kivy.uix.bubble), 581 canvas (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 759
BubbleContent (class in kivy.uix.bubble), 581 CanvasBase (class in kivy.graphics), 360
bufferfmt (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture attribute), CanvasBase (class in kivy.graphics.instructions),
379
782
cap (kivy.graphics.Line attribute), 367 clear_color (kivy.graphics.ClearBuffers attribute),
cap (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line at- 360
tribute), 428 clear_color (kivy.graphics.Fbo attribute), 364
cap_precision (kivy.graphics.Line attribute), 368 clear_color (kivy.graphics.fbo.Fbo attribute), 390
cap_precision (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line clear_color (kivy.graphics.gl_instructions.ClearBuffers
CardTransition (class in clear_depth (kivy.graphics.ClearBuffers attribute),
kivy.uix.screenmanager), 675 360
Carousel (class in kivy.uix.carousel), 585 clear_depth (kivy.graphics.gl_instructions.ClearBuffers
center (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), attribute), 391
322 clear_selection()
center (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 759 (kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelectionBeha
center_stroke() (kivy.gesture.GestureStroke method), 528
method), 252 clear_selection()
center_x (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 759 (kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior
center_y (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 759 method), 514
cgl_get_backend_name() (in module clear_stencil (kivy.graphics.ClearBuffers at-
kivy.graphics.cgl), 383 tribute), 360
cgl_get_initialized_backend_name() (in clear_stencil (kivy.graphics.gl_instructions.ClearBuffers
module kivy.graphics.cgl), 383 attribute), 391
cgl_init() (in module kivy.graphics.cgl), 383 clear_widgets() (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionGroup
ChangeState (class in kivy.graphics), 360 method), 569
ChannelMixEffect (class in clear_widgets() (kivy.uix.bubble.Bubble
kivy.uix.effectwidget), 600 method), 580
check() (kivy.core.spelling.SpellingBase method), clear_widgets() (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel
308 method), 586
CheckBox (class in kivy.uix.checkbox), 589 clear_widgets() (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown
children (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), method), 596
322 clear_widgets() (kivy.uix.effectwidget.EffectWidget
children (kivy.graphics.InstructionGroup at- method), 601
tribute), 365 clear_widgets() (kivy.uix.sandbox.Sandbox
children (kivy.graphics.instructions.InstructionGroup method), 663
attribute), 380 clear_widgets() (kivy.uix.scatterlayout.ScatterLayout
children (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 759 method), 671
chunk_size (kivy.network.urlrequest.UrlRequest clear_widgets() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager
property), 501 method), 676
cid (kivy.clock.ClockEvent attribute), 228 clear_widgets() (kivy.uix.splitter.Splitter
circle (kivy.graphics.Line attribute), 368 method), 707
circle (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line at- clear_widgets() (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel
circumcircle() (in module kivy.geometry), 251 _
clear widgets() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget
clear() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), method), 759
322 ClearBuffers (class in kivy.graphics), 360
clear() (kivy.graphics.Canvas method), 360 ClearBuffers (class in
clear() (kivy.graphics.InstructionGroup method), kivy.graphics.gl_instructions), 391
365 ClearColor (class in kivy.graphics), 361
clear() (kivy.graphics.instructions.Canvas ClearColor (class in kivy.graphics.gl_instructions),
method), 379 391
clear() (kivy.graphics.instructions.InstructionGroup clearcolor (kivy.core.window.WindowBase at-
method), 380 tribute), 322
clear() (kivy.storage.AbstractStore method), 506 clearcolor (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ShaderTransition
clear() (kivy.utils.SafeList method), 291 attribute), 679
clear_buffer() (kivy.graphics.Fbo method), 364 Clock (in module kivy.clock), 225
clear_buffer() (kivy.graphics.fbo.Fbo method), clock (kivy.clock.ClockEvent attribute), 228
390 clock() (in module kivy.compat), 234
783
clock_ended_callback (kivy.clock.ClockEvent collide_widget() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget
attribute), 228 method), 760
clock_resolution (kivy.clock.CyClockBase at- Color (class in kivy.graphics), 361
tribute), 229 Color (class in kivy.graphics.context_instructions),
ClockBase (class in kivy.clock), 225 383
ClockBaseBehavior (class in kivy.clock), 225 color (kivy.graphics.svg.Svg attribute), 409
ClockBaseFreeInterruptAll (class in color (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionPrevious attribute),
kivy.clock), 226 571
ClockBaseFreeInterruptOnly (class in color (kivy.uix.checkbox.CheckBox attribute), 590
kivy.clock), 226 color (kivy.uix.colorpicker.ColorPicker attribute),
ClockBaseInterrupt (class in kivy.clock), 227 592
ClockBaseInterruptBehavior (class in color (kivy.uix.colorpicker.ColorWheel attribute),
kivy.clock), 227 593
ClockBaseInterruptFreeBehavior (class in color (kivy.uix.image.Image attribute), 624
kivy.clock), 227 color (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 631
ClockEvent (class in kivy.clock), 227 color_selected (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeViewNode
ClockNotRunningError, 228 attribute), 739
close (kivy.graphics.Line attribute), 368 colorfmt (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture attribute),
close (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line at- 417
tribute), 429 ColorPicker (class in kivy.uix.colorpicker), 592
close() (kivy.base.EventLoopBase method), 256 ColorProperty (class in kivy.properties), 280
close() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), colors (kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument attribute), 661
323 ColorWheel (class in kivy.uix.colorpicker), 593
close_button (kivy.uix.settings.MenuSidebar at- cols (kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout attribute), 621
tribute), 693 cols_minimum (kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout at-
close_settings() (kivy.app.App method), 205 tribute), 621
cls (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 759 complete_stroke()
cm (kivy.metrics.MetricsBase attribute), 262 (kivy.uix.gesturesurface.GestureContainer
cm() (in module kivy.metrics), 263 method), 616
CodeInput (class in kivy.uix.codeinput), 591 CompoundSelectionBehavior (class in
CodeNavigationBehavior (class in kivy.uix.behaviors), 513
kivy.uix.behaviors), 513 CompoundSelectionBehavior (class in
CodeNavigationBehavior (class in kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection),
kivy.uix.behaviors.codenavigation), 526 528
col_default_width compute_visible_views()
(kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout attribute), (kivy.uix.recycleboxlayout.RecycleBoxLayout
621 method), 651
col_force_default compute_visible_views()
(kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout attribute), (kivy.uix.recyclegridlayout.RecycleGridLayout
621 method), 652
collapse (kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem at- compute_visible_views()
tribute), 565 (kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior
collapse_alpha (kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem method), 558
attribute), 566 Config (in module kivy.config), 239
collide_margin() config (kivy.app.App attribute), 205
(kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard method), config (kivy.uix.settings.SettingsPanel attribute),
751 698
collide_point() (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter ConfigParser (class in kivy.config), 239
method), 667 ConfigParserProperty (class in
collide_point() (kivy.uix.scatter.ScatterPlane kivy.properties), 281
method), 669 Console (class in kivy.modules.console), 490
collide_point() (kivy.uix.scatterlayout.ScatterPlaneLayoutconsole (kivy.modules.console.ConsoleAddon
collide_point() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget ConsoleAddon (class in kivy.modules.console), 492
method), 759 ConsoleButton (class in kivy.modules.console),
784
492 cover_size (kivy.uix.behaviors.CoverBehavior at-
ConsoleLabel (class in kivy.modules.console), 492 tribute), 517
ConsoleToggleButton (class in CoverBehavior (class in kivy.uix.behaviors), 517
kivy.modules.console), 492 CoverBehavior (class in kivy.uix.behaviors.cover),
container (kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem at- 532
tribute), 566 create() (kivy.atlas.Atlas static method), 215
container (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown at- create() (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture static
container (kivy.uix.settings.ContentPanel at- create() (kivy.input.providers.tuio.TuioMotionEventProvider
tribute), 692 static method), 450
container_title (kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItemcreate_from() (kivy.lang.builder.BuilderBase
attribute), 566 class method), 479
content (kivy.uix.bubble.Bubble attribute), 580 create_from() (kivy.lang.BuilderBase class
content (kivy.uix.popup.Popup attribute), 649 method), 475
content (kivy.uix.settings.InterfaceWithSidebar at- create_from_data()
tribute), 693 (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture static
content (kivy.uix.settings.SettingItem attribute), method), 418
695 create_inspector() (in module
content (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel at- kivy.modules.inspector), 493
tribute), 717 create_joycursor() (in module
content (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanelHeader kivy.modules.joycursor), 494
attribute), 719 create_json_panel()
_
content height (kivy.core.text.LabelBase prop- (kivy.uix.settings.Settings method), 697
erty), 311 create_lifecycle_aware_trigger()
content_size (kivy.core.text.LabelBase property), (kivy.clock.CyClockBase method), 229
311 create_lifecycle_aware_trigger()
content_size (kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem (kivy.clock.CyClockBaseFree method), 232
attribute), 566 create_lifecycle_aware_trigger_free()
content_width (kivy.core.text.LabelBase property), (kivy.clock.CyClockBaseFree method), 232
311 create_property() (kivy.event.EventDispatcher
ContentPanel (class in kivy.uix.settings), 691 method), 244
Context (class in kivy.context), 241 create_settings() (kivy.app.App method), 205
Context (class in kivy.graphics.context), 387 create_trigger() (kivy.clock.CyClockBase
ContextInstruction (class in kivy.graphics), 362 method), 229
ContextInstruction (class in create_trigger() (kivy.clock.CyClockBaseFree
kivy.graphics.instructions), 379 method), 232
ContextualActionView (class in create_trigger_free()
kivy.uix.actionbar), 573 (kivy.clock.CyClockBaseFree method),
convert_distance_to_scroll() 232
(kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView method), create_view() (kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataAdapter
685 method), 559
copy() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), 724 create_window() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
copy_to() (kivy.input.MotionEvent method), 435 method), 323
copy_to() (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent current (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager at-
CoreCriticalException, 299 current_color (kivy.graphics.svg.Svg attribute),
count() (kivy.storage.AbstractStore method), 506 410
counter (kivy.input.recorder.Recorder attribute), current_panel (kivy.uix.settings.ContentPanel at-
452 tribute), 692
cover_pos (kivy.uix.behaviors.cover.CoverBehavior current_screen (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager
cover_pos (kivy.uix.behaviors.CoverBehavior at- current_slide (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel at-
cover_size (kivy.uix.behaviors.cover.CoverBehavior current_tab (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel at-
785
current_uid (kivy.uix.settings.ContentPanel at- data_model (kivy.uix.recycleview.RecycleViewBehavior
tribute), 692 attribute), 554
cursor (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute), 725 DDSException, 484
cursor_blink deactivate() (kivy.modules.console.ConsoleAddon
(kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput
cursor_col (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput decode_result() (kivy.network.urlrequest.UrlRequest
at-
cursor_color default_height (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
cursor_disabled_image (kivy.uix.slider.Slider default_pos_hint
attribute), 700 (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
_
cursor height (kivy.uix.slider.Slider attribute), attribute), 652
700 default_size (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
cursor_image (kivy.uix.slider.Slider attribute), 700 attribute), 652
cursor_index() default_size_hint
method), 725 (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
cursor_offset() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute), 652
method), 725 default_size_hint_max
cursor_pos (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput at- (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
cursor_row (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput default_size_hint_min
at-
tribute), 725 (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
cursor_size (kivy.uix.slider.Slider attribute), 700 attribute), 652
cursor_width (kivy.uix.slider.Slider attribute), 701 default_size_hint_x
cursor_width (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
custom_titlebar (kivy.core.window.WindowBase default_size_hint_x_max
attribute), 323 (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
cut() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), 725 attribute), 653
CyClockBase (class in kivy.clock), 228 default_size_hint_x_min
CyClockBaseFree (class in kivy.clock), 232 (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
attribute), 653
D default_size_hint_y
DampedScrollEffect (class in (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
kivy.effects.dampedscroll), 341 attribute), 653
dash_length (kivy.graphics.Bezier attribute), 357 default_size_hint_y_max
dash_length (kivy.graphics.Line attribute), 368 (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
dash_length (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Bezier attribute), 653
attribute), 424 default _size_hint_y_min
_
dash length (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
dash_offset (kivy.graphics.Bezier attribute), 357 default_tab (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel at-
dash_offset (kivy.graphics.Line attribute), 368 tribute), 717
dash_offset (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Bezierdefault_tab_cls (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel
_
dash offset (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line default _tab_content
attribute), 429 (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel at-
dashes (kivy.graphics.Line attribute), 368 tribute), 717
dashes (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line at- default_tab_text
tribute), 429 (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel at-
data (kivy.core.image.ImageData property), 306 tribute), 717
data (kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel.RecycleDataModeldefault_width (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
data (kivy.uix.recycleview.RecycleView attribute), defaultvalue (kivy.properties.Property attribute),
553 287
786
delete() (kivy.storage.AbstractStore method), 506 DictProperty (class in kivy.properties), 283
delete_selection() DictStore (class in kivy.storage.dictstore), 507
(kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), difference() (in module kivy.utils), 291
725 direction (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel attribute),
_ _
delete word left() 586
(kivy.uix.behaviors.emacs.EmacsBehavior direction (kivy.uix.screenmanager.SlideTransition
delete_word_left() directory (kivy.app.App property), 206
(kivy.uix.behaviors.EmacsBehavior method), dirselect (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController
518 attribute), 609
delete_word_right() dirselect (kivy.uix.settings.SettingPath attribute),
(kivy.uix.behaviors.emacs.EmacsBehavior 696
method), 535 disable_hover (kivy.input.providers.mouse.MouseMotionEventProv
delete_word_right() property), 446
(kivy.uix.behaviors.EmacsBehavior method), disabled (kivy.uix.settings.SettingItem attribute),
518 695
density (kivy.metrics.MetricsBase attribute), 262 disabled (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 760
depack() (kivy.input.MotionEvent method), 435 disabled_color (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute),
depack() (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent 632
method), 455 disabled_foreground_color
depack() (kivy.input.providers.hidinput.HIDMotionEvent (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute),
method), 447 726
disabled_outline_color (kivy.uix.label.Label
depack() (kivy.input.providers.leapfinger.LeapFingerEvent
depack() (kivy.input.providers.linuxwacom.LinuxWacomMotionEvent
dismiss() (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown method),
method), 449 597
depack() (kivy.input.providers.mtdev.MTDMotionEvent dismiss() (kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView
dismiss_on_select
depack() (kivy.input.providers.tuio.Tuio2dCurMotionEvent
method), 449 (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown attribute),
depack() (kivy.input.providers.tuio.Tuio2dObjMotionEvent 597
method), 449 dispatch() (kivy.event.EventDispatcher method),
deprecated() (in module kivy.utils), 291 244
desc (kivy.uix.settings.SettingItem attribute), 695 dispatch() (kivy.eventmanager.EventManagerBase
deselect_node() (kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelectionBehavior
method), 348
method), 528 dispatch() (kivy.properties.Property method), 287
deselect_node() (kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior
dispatch_children()
method), 514 (kivy.event.EventDispatcher method),
deselect_node() (kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.LayoutSelectionBehavior
245
method), 556 dispatch_done() (kivy.input.MotionEvent
_
deselect node() (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView method), 435
method), 737 dispatch_done() (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent
destroy_settings() (kivy.app.App method), 205 method), 455
detach_recycleview() dispatch_generic()
(kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel.RecycleDataModel (kivy.event.EventDispatcher method),
method), 555 245
detach_recycleview() dispatch_input() (kivy.base.EventLoopBase
method), 256
(kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel.RecycleDataModelBehavior
method), 556 dispatch_mode (kivy.input.MotionEvent at-
_
detach recycleview() tribute), 436
(kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataAdapterdispatch_mode (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent
device (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 435 displacement (kivy.effects.scroll.ScrollEffect at-
device (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent tribute), 344
attribute), 455 display_border (kivy.graphics.BorderImage at-
787
tribute), 358 727
display_border (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.BorderImage
docked (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard attribute),
attribute), 425 751
display_settings() (kivy.app.App method), 206 document_root (kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument at-
distance() (kivy.input.MotionEvent method), 436 tribute), 661
distance() (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent dot() (kivy.vector.Vector method), 294
method), 455 dot_product() (kivy.gesture.Gesture method), 252
distance() (kivy.vector.Vector method), 294 double_tap_time (kivy.input.MotionEvent
distance2() (kivy.vector.Vector method), 294 attribute), 436
do_backspace() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput double_tap_time (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent
_ _ _
do collide after children dp (kivy.metrics.MetricsBase attribute), 262
(kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter attribute), 667 dp() (in module kivy.metrics), 263
do_cursor_movement() dpi (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), 323
(kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), dpi (kivy.metrics.MetricsBase attribute), 263
726 dpi2px() (in module kivy.metrics), 263
do_default_tab (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel dpi_rounded (kivy.metrics.MetricsBase attribute),
attribute), 717 263
do_layout() (kivy.uix.anchorlayout.AnchorLayout dpos (kivy.input.MotionEvent property), 436
method), 573 dpos (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent prop-
do_layout() (kivy.uix.boxlayout.BoxLayout erty), 455
method), 576 drag_distance (kivy.uix.behaviors.drag.DragBehavior
do_layout() (kivy.uix.floatlayout.FloatLayout attribute), 534
method), 615 drag_distance (kivy.uix.behaviors.DragBehavior
do_layout() (kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout attribute), 517
method), 621 drag_rect_height
do_layout() (kivy.uix.layout.Layout method), 640 (kivy.uix.behaviors.drag.DragBehavior
do_layout() (kivy.uix.pagelayout.PageLayout attribute), 534
method), 645 drag_rect_height
do_layout() (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout (kivy.uix.behaviors.DragBehavior attribute),
method), 653 518
do_layout() (kivy.uix.relativelayout.RelativeLayout drag_rect_width (kivy.uix.behaviors.drag.DragBehavior
_
do layout() (kivy.uix.stacklayout.StackLayout drag rect_width (kivy.uix.behaviors.DragBehavior
_
do_redo() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), drag_rect_x (kivy.uix.behaviors.drag.DragBehavior
726 attribute), 534
do_rotation (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter attribute), drag_rect_x (kivy.uix.behaviors.DragBehavior at-
667 tribute), 518
do_scale (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter attribute), 667 drag_rect_y (kivy.uix.behaviors.drag.DragBehavior
do_scroll (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView at- attribute), 534
tribute), 685 drag_rect_y (kivy.uix.behaviors.DragBehavior at-
do_scroll_x (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView tribute), 518
attribute), 685 drag_rectangle (kivy.uix.behaviors.drag.DragBehavior
do_scroll_y (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView attribute), 534
attribute), 685 drag_rectangle (kivy.uix.behaviors.DragBehavior
do_translation (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter at- attribute), 518
tribute), 667 drag_threshold (kivy.effects.scroll.ScrollEffect at-
do_translation_x (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter tribute), 344
attribute), 667 drag_timeout (kivy.uix.behaviors.drag.DragBehavior
do_translation_y (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter attribute), 534
attribute), 667 drag_timeout (kivy.uix.behaviors.DragBehavior
do_undo() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), attribute), 518
726 DragBehavior (class in kivy.uix.behaviors), 517
do_wrap (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute), DragBehavior (class in kivy.uix.behaviors.drag),
788
534 Ellipse (class in kivy.graphics), 363
draw() (kivy.graphics.Canvas method), 360 Ellipse (class in kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions),
draw() (kivy.graphics.instructions.Canvas method), 425
379 ellipse (kivy.graphics.Line attribute), 368
DropDown (class in kivy.uix.dropdown), 595 ellipse (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line at-
dropdown_cls (kivy.uix.spinner.Spinner attribute), tribute), 429
704 ellipsis_options (kivy.uix.label.Label at-
dropdown_width (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionGroup tribute), 632
attribute), 569 EmacsBehavior (class in kivy.uix.behaviors), 518
dsx (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 436 EmacsBehavior (class in kivy.uix.behaviors.emacs),
dsx (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute), 535
455 emit() (kivy.logger.LoggerHistory method), 260
dsy (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 436 ensure_window() (kivy.base.EventLoopBase
dsy (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute), method), 256
456 entry_released()
dsz (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 436 (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController
dsz (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute), method), 609
456 entry_touched() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController
duration (kivy.animation.Animation property), 191 method), 609
duration (kivy.core.video.VideoBase property), 318 eos (kivy.uix.video.Video attribute), 742
duration (kivy.uix.screenmanager.FallOutTransition error (kivy.network.urlrequest.UrlRequest prop-
attribute), 675 erty), 501
duration (kivy.uix.screenmanager.RiseInTransition error_image (kivy.loader.LoaderBase property),
attribute), 675 211
duration (kivy.uix.screenmanager.TransitionBase escape_markup() (in module kivy.utils), 291
attribute), 680 even_color (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeViewNode at-
duration (kivy.uix.video.Video attribute), 741 tribute), 739
duration (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer at- event_managers (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
duration (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayerAnnotationevent_managers_dict
attribute), 748 (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute),
dx (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 436 324
dx (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute), EventDispatcher (class in kivy.event), 241
456 EventLoop (in module kivy.base), 256
dy (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 436 EventLoopBase (class in kivy.base), 256
dy (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute), EventManagerBase (class in kivy.eventmanager),
456 348
dz (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 436 events() (kivy.event.EventDispatcher method), 245
dz (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute), ExceptionHandler (class in kivy.base), 257
456 ExceptionManager (in module kivy.base), 258
ExceptionManagerBase (class in kivy.base), 258
E exists() (kivy.storage.AbstractStore method), 506
edge_damping (kivy.effects.dampedscroll.DampedScrollEffect
exit() (kivy.base.EventLoopBase method), 256
attribute), 341 export_as_image() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget
effect_cls (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView at- method), 760
tribute), 685 export_gesture() (kivy.multistroke.Recognizer
effect_x (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView attribute), method), 270
685 export_to_png() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget
effect_y (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView attribute), method), 760
685
EffectBase (class in kivy.uix.effectwidget), 600 F
effects (kivy.uix.effectwidget.EffectWidget at- Factory (in module kivy.factory), 250
tribute), 601 FactoryException, 250
EffectWidget (class in kivy.uix.effectwidget), 601 FadeTransition (class in
element_count (kivy.graphics.tesselator.Tesselator kivy.uix.screenmanager), 675
attribute), 412
789
FallOutTransition (class in method), 442
kivy.uix.screenmanager), 675 find_triple_tap()
fbind() (kivy.event.EventDispatcher method), 245 (kivy.input.postproc.tripletap.InputPostprocTripleTap
fbind() (kivy.event.Observable method), 249 method), 443
fbind() (kivy.lang.builder.Observable method), 482 flag data_update() (kivy.graphics.Instruction
_
fbind() (kivy.lang.Observable method), 477 method), 365
Fbo (class in kivy.graphics), 363 flag_data_update()
Fbo (class in kivy.graphics.fbo), 389 (kivy.graphics.instructions.Instruction
fbo (kivy.uix.effectwidget.EffectBase attribute), 600 method), 380
fbo_list (kivy.uix.effectwidget.EffectWidget at- flag_update() (kivy.graphics.Instruction
file_encodings (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController
flag_update() (kivy.graphics.instructions.Instruction
file_system (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController flag_update_canvas()
attribute), 609 (kivy.graphics.context.Context method),
FileChooser (class in kivy.uix.filechooser), 607 387
FileChooserController (class in flip() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), 324
kivy.uix.filechooser), 608 flip_horizontal()
FileChooserIconLayout (class in (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture method),
kivy.uix.filechooser), 611 418
FileChooserIconView (class in flip_vertical (kivy.core.image.ImageData
kivy.uix.filechooser), 612 attribute), 306
FileChooserListLayout (class in flip_vertical() (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture
kivy.uix.filechooser), 612 method), 418
FileChooserListView (class in FloatLayout (class in kivy.uix.floatlayout), 614
kivy.uix.filechooser), 612 flush() (kivy.graphics.context.Context method),
FileChooserProgressBase (class in 387
kivy.uix.filechooser), 612 flush() (kivy.logger.LoggerHistory method), 260
filename (kivy.atlas.Atlas attribute), 216 fmt (kivy.core.image.ImageData attribute), 307
filename (kivy.core.audio.Sound attribute), 300 focus (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), 324
filename (kivy.core.image.Image property), 305 focus (kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior
filename (kivy.core.video.VideoBase property), 318 attribute), 537
filename (kivy.input.recorder.Recorder attribute), focus (kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior attribute),
452 519
files (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController at- focus_next (kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior
FileSystemAbstract (class in focus_next (kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior at-
kivy.uix.filechooser), 613 tribute), 519
FileSystemLocal (class in kivy.uix.filechooser), focus_previous (kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior
613 attribute), 537
_
filter() (kivy.multistroke.Recognizer method), 270 focus previous (kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior
filter_dirs (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController attribute), 519
attribute), 609 FocusBehavior (class in kivy.uix.behaviors), 518
filters (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController FocusBehavior (class in kivy.uix.behaviors.focus),
attribute), 610 537
find() (kivy.gesture.GestureDatabase method), 252 focused (kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior at-
find() (kivy.storage.AbstractStore method), 506 tribute), 537
find_base_direction() focused (kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior at-
(kivy.core.text.LabelBase static method), tribute), 519
311 font_blended (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 632
find_colliding_gesture() font_context (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 632
(kivy.uix.gesturesurface.GestureSurface font_context (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput
find_double_tap() font_family (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 633
font_family (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput at-
(kivy.input.postproc.doubletap.InputPostprocDoubleTap
790
tribute), 727 g (kivy.graphics.gl_instructions.ClearColor attribute),
font_features (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 633 391
font_hinting (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 633 g (kivy.uix.colorpicker.ColorWheel attribute), 593
font_kerning (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 633 garden_system_dir (in module kivy.garden), 353
font_name (kivy.uix.colorpicker.ColorPicker at- Gesture (class in kivy.gesture), 252
tribute), 593 gesture_to_str() (kivy.gesture.GestureDatabase
_
font name (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController method), 252
attribute), 610 GestureContainer (class in
font_name (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 634 kivy.uix.gesturesurface), 615
font_name (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute), GestureDatabase (class in kivy.gesture), 252
727 GestureStroke (class in kivy.gesture), 252
_
font size (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 634 GestureSurface (class in kivy.uix.gesturesurface),
font_size (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute), 617
728 get() (kivy.cache.Cache static method), 217
font_size (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard at- get() (kivy.config.ConfigParser method), 239
tribute), 751 get() (kivy.graphics.transformation.Matrix method),
fontid (kivy.core.text.LabelBase property), 311 420
fontscale (kivy.metrics.MetricsBase attribute), 263 get() (kivy.input.factory.MotionEventFactory static
foreground_color (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), 459
attribute), 728 get() (kivy.input.MotionEventFactory static
fork() (kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace.KNSpace method), 439
method), 544 get() (kivy.properties.AliasProperty method), 279
frames (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior property), 225 get() (kivy.properties.Property method), 287
frames_displayed (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior get() (kivy.properties.ReferenceListProperty
property), 225 method), 288
frametime (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior property), get() (kivy.storage.AbstractStore method), 506
225 get_angle_similarity()
free (kivy.clock.FreeClockEvent attribute), 233 (kivy.multistroke.Candidate method), 266
FreeClockEvent (class in kivy.clock), 233 get_application_config() (kivy.app.App
friction (kivy.effects.kinetic.KineticEffect at- method), 206
tribute), 342 get_application_icon() (kivy.app.App
fs (kivy.graphics.shader.Shader attribute), 407 method), 206
fs (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ShaderTransition at- get_application_name() (kivy.app.App
fullscreen (kivy.core.window.WindowBase at- get_before_frame_events()
tribute), 324 (kivy.clock.CyClockBase method), 230
fullscreen (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer at- get_boottime() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior
funbind() (kivy.event.EventDispatcher method), get_cached_extents() (kivy.core.text.LabelBase
246 method), 311
funbind() (kivy.event.Observable method), 250 _
get callback() (kivy.clock.ClockEvent method),
funbind() (kivy.lang.builder.Observable method), 228
482 get_clock_ended_callback()
funbind() (kivy.lang.Observable method), 478 (kivy.clock.ClockEvent method), 228
func_op (kivy.graphics.stencil_instructions.StencilUse get_color_from_hex() (in module kivy.utils),
attribute), 409 291
func_op (kivy.graphics.StencilUse attribute), 375 get_configparser() (kivy.config.ConfigParser
FXAAEffect (class in kivy.uix.effectwidget), 602 static method), 239
get connection_for_scheme()
_
G (kivy.network.urlrequest.UrlRequest
g (kivy.graphics.ClearColor attribute), 361 method), 501
g (kivy.graphics.Color attribute), 362 get_current_context() (in module
g (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Color attribute), kivy.context), 241
384 get_cursor_from_index()
(kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method),
791
728 get_min_timeout() (kivy.clock.CyClockBase
get_cursor_from_xy() method), 230
(kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), get_mipmap() (kivy.core.image.ImageData
728 method), 307
get_distance() (kivy.multistroke.MultistrokeGestureget_nice_size() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController
get_events() (kivy.clock.CyClockBase method), get_node_at_pos() (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView
230 method), 737
get_extents() (kivy.core.text.LabelBase method), get_parent_window() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget
311 method), 761
get_focus_next() get_pixel_color() (kivy.graphics.Fbo method),
(kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior 364
method), 537 get_pixel_color() (kivy.graphics.fbo.Fbo
get_focus_next() method), 390
(kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior method), get_pos() (kivy.core.audio.Sound method), 300
519 get_property_observers()
get_focus_previous() (kivy.event.EventDispatcher method),
(kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior 247
method), 537 get_protractor_vector()
_ _
get focus previous() (kivy.multistroke.Candidate method), 266
(kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior method), get_random_color() (in module kivy.utils), 291
519 get_region() (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture
_
get format() (kivy.properties.NumericProperty method), 418
method), 285 get_resolution() (kivy.clock.CyClockBase
get_fps() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior method), method), 230
226 get_rfps() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior method),
_
get gesture() (kivy.uix.gesturesurface.GestureSurface 226
method), 618 get_rigid_rotation() (kivy.gesture.Gesture
get_gl_backend_name() method), 252
(kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), get_root_window() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget
324 method), 761
get_group() (kivy.graphics.InstructionGroup get_running_app() (kivy.app.App static
get_group() (kivy.graphics.instructions.InstructionGroup
get_score() (kivy.gesture.Gesture method), 252
method), 380 get_screen() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager
_ _ _
get hex from color() (in module kivy.utils), method), 677
291 get_selectable_nodes()
get_index_of_node() (kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelectionBeha
method), 529
(kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelectionBehavior
method), 528 get_selectable_nodes()
get_index_of_node() (kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior
(kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior method), 514
method), 514 get_selectable_nodes()
get_index_of_node() (kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.LayoutSelectionBehavior
(kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.LayoutSelectionBehavior method), 557
method), 557 get_start_unit_vector()
get_lastaccess() (kivy.cache.Cache static (kivy.multistroke.Candidate method), 266
method), 217 get_system_fonts_dir()
get_max() (kivy.properties.BoundedNumericProperty (kivy.core.text.LabelBase static method),
method), 280 312
get_min() (kivy.properties.BoundedNumericProperty get_time() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior method),
method), 280 226
get_min_free_timeout() get_timestamp() (kivy.cache.Cache static
(kivy.clock.CyClockBaseFree method), method), 217
232 get_value() (kivy.uix.settings.SettingsPanel
792
method), 698 kivy.graphics.opengl_utils), 403
get_vectors() (kivy.uix.gesturesurface.GestureContainer
gl_has_texture_format() (in module
method), 616 kivy.graphics.opengl_utils), 404
get_view() (kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataAdapter
gl_has_texture_native_format() (in mod-
method), 560 ule kivy.graphics.opengl_utils), 404
get_view_index_at() gl_init_resources() (in module kivy.graphics),
(kivy.uix.recycleboxlayout.RecycleBoxLayout 377
method), 651 gl_init_resources() (in module
get_view_index_at() kivy.graphics.context_instructions), 387
(kivy.uix.recyclegridlayout.RecycleGridLayout gl_init_symbols() (in module
method), 652 kivy.graphics.opengl), 402
get_view_index_at() gl_register_get_size() (in module
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils), 404
(kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior
method), 558 glActiveTexture() (in module
get_visible_view() kivy.graphics.opengl), 393
(kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataAdapterglAttachShader() (in module
get_widgets() (kivy.uix.behaviors.togglebutton.ToggleButtonBehavior
glBindAttribLocation() (in module
static method), 546 kivy.graphics.opengl), 393
get_widgets() (kivy.uix.behaviors.ToggleButtonBehaviorglBindBuffer() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
static method), 522 393
get_window_matrix() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget glBindFramebuffer() (in module
getdefault() (kivy.config.ConfigParser method), glBindRenderbuffer() (in module
240 kivy.graphics.opengl), 393
getdefaultint() (kivy.config.ConfigParser glBindTexture() (in module
getsize() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileSystemAbstract glBlendColor() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
method), 613 393
getsize() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileSystemLocal glBlendEquation() (in module
getter() (kivy.event.EventDispatcher method), 247 glBlendEquationSeparate() (in module
gl_backends_allowed kivy.graphics.opengl), 393
(kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), glBlendFunc() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
324 393
gl_backends_ignored glBlendFuncSeparate() (in module
(kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), kivy.graphics.opengl), 393
324 glBufferData() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
gl_dealloc() (kivy.graphics.context.Context 393
method), 387 glBufferSubData() (in module
_ _
gl get extensions() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 393
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils), 403 glCheckFramebufferStatus() (in module
gl_get_texture_formats() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 393
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils), 403 glClear() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 393
gl_get_version() (in module glClearColor() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils), 403 394
gl_get_version_major() (in module glClearStencil() (in module
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils), 403 kivy.graphics.opengl), 394
gl_get_version_minor() (in module glColorMask() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils), 403 394
gl_has_capability() (in module glCompileShader() (in module
gl_has_extension() (in module glCompressedTexImage2D() (in module
gl_has_texture_conversion() (in module glCompressedTexSubImage2D() (in module
793
kivy.graphics.opengl), 394 glGenTextures() (in module
glCopyTexImage2D() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 396
kivy.graphics.opengl), 394 glGetActiveAttrib() (in module
glCopyTexSubImage2D() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 396
kivy.graphics.opengl), 394 glGetActiveUniform() (in module
glCreateProgram() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 396
kivy.graphics.opengl), 394 glGetAttachedShaders() (in module
glCreateShader() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 396
kivy.graphics.opengl), 394 glGetAttribLocation() (in module
glCullFace() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), kivy.graphics.opengl), 396
394 glGetBooleanv() (in module
glDeleteBuffers() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 396
kivy.graphics.opengl), 394 glGetBufferParameteriv() (in module
glDeleteFramebuffers() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 396
kivy.graphics.opengl), 394 glGetError() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
glDeleteProgram() (in module 396
kivy.graphics.opengl), 394 glGetFloatv() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
glDeleteRenderbuffers() (in module 396
kivy.graphics.opengl), 394 glGetFramebufferAttachmentParameteriv()
glDeleteShader() (in module (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 396
kivy.graphics.opengl), 394 glGetIntegerv() (in module
glDeleteTextures() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 396
kivy.graphics.opengl), 395 glGetProgramInfoLog() (in module
glDepthFunc() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), kivy.graphics.opengl), 396
395 glGetProgramiv() (in module
glDepthMask() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), kivy.graphics.opengl), 397
395 glGetRenderbufferParameteriv() (in mod-
glDetachShader() (in module ule kivy.graphics.opengl), 397
kivy.graphics.opengl), 395 glGetShaderInfoLog() (in module
glDisable() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 395 kivy.graphics.opengl), 397
glDisableVertexAttribArray() (in module glGetShaderiv() (in module
kivy.graphics.opengl), 395 kivy.graphics.opengl), 397
glDrawArrays() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), glGetShaderPrecisionFormat() (in module
395 kivy.graphics.opengl), 397
glDrawElements() (in module glGetShaderSource() (in module
kivy.graphics.opengl), 395 kivy.graphics.opengl), 397
glEnable() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 395 glGetString() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
glEnableVertexAttribArray() (in module 397
kivy.graphics.opengl), 395 glGetTexParameterfv() (in module
glFinish() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 395 kivy.graphics.opengl), 397
glFlush() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 395 glGetTexParameteriv() (in module
glFramebufferRenderbuffer() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 397
kivy.graphics.opengl), 395 glGetUniformfv() (in module
glFramebufferTexture2D() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 397
kivy.graphics.opengl), 395 glGetUniformiv() (in module
glFrontFace() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), kivy.graphics.opengl), 397
395 glGetUniformLocation() (in module
glGenBuffers() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), kivy.graphics.opengl), 397
395 glGetVertexAttribfv() (in module
glGenerateMipmap() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 398
kivy.graphics.opengl), 396 glGetVertexAttribiv() (in module
glGenFramebuffers() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 398
kivy.graphics.opengl), 395 glGetVertexAttribPointerv() (in module
glGenRenderbuffers() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 397
kivy.graphics.opengl), 395 glHint() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 398
794
glIsBuffer() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), kivy.graphics.opengl), 399
398 glTexParameteriv() (in module
glIsEnabled() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), kivy.graphics.opengl), 399
398 glTexSubImage2D() (in module
glIsFramebuffer() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 400
kivy.graphics.opengl), 398 glUniform1f() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
glIsProgram() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 400
398 glUniform1fv() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
glIsRenderbuffer() (in module 400
kivy.graphics.opengl), 398 glUniform1i() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
glIsShader() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 400
398 glUniform1iv() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
glIsTexture() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 400
398 glUniform2f() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
glLineWidth() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 400
glLinkProgram() (in module 400
glPixelStorei() (in module 400
kivy.graphics.opengl), 398 glUniform2iv() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
glPolygonOffset() (in module 400
glReadPixels() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 400
glReleaseShaderCompiler() (in module 400
glRenderbufferStorage() (in module 401
kivy.graphics.opengl), 398 glUniform3iv() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
glSampleCoverage() (in module 401
glScissor() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 399 401
glShaderBinary() (in module glUniform4fv() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
kivy.graphics.opengl), 399 401
glShaderSource() (in module glUniform4i() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
glsl (kivy.uix.effectwidget.EffectBase attribute), 600 glUniform4iv() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
glStencilFunc() (in module 401
kivy.graphics.opengl), 399 glUniformMatrix2fv() (in module
glStencilFuncSeparate() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 401
glStencilMask() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 401
glStencilMaskSeparate() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 401
kivy.graphics.opengl), 399 glUseProgram() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl),
glStencilOp() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 401
399 glValidateProgram() (in module
glStencilOpSeparate() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 401
kivy.graphics.opengl), 399 glVertexAttrib1f() (in module
glTexImage2D() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), kivy.graphics.opengl), 402
399 glVertexAttrib1fv() (in module
glTexParameterf() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 402
kivy.graphics.opengl), 399 glVertexAttrib2f() (in module
glTexParameterfv() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 402
kivy.graphics.opengl), 399 glVertexAttrib2fv() (in module
glTexParameteri() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 402
795
glVertexAttrib3f() (in module handle_exception() (kivy.clock.CyClockBase
kivy.graphics.opengl), 402 method), 230
glVertexAttrib3fv() (in module handle_image_left
kivy.graphics.opengl), 402 (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute),
glVertexAttrib4f() (in module 728
kivy.graphics.opengl), 402 handle_image_middle
glVertexAttrib4fv() (in module (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute),
glVertexAttribPointer() (in module handle_image_right
kivy.graphics.opengl), 402 (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute),
glViewport() (in module kivy.graphics.opengl), 728
402 handles() (kivy.uix.gesturesurface.GestureContainer
goto() (kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument method), 661 method), 616
goto_node() (kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelectionBehavior
has_after (kivy.graphics.Canvas attribute), 360
method), 529 has_after (kivy.graphics.instructions.Canvas at-
_
goto node() (kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior tribute), 379
method), 514 has_before (kivy.graphics.Canvas attribute), 360
goto_node() (kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.LayoutSelectionBehavior
has_before (kivy.graphics.instructions.Canvas at-
_ _
goto view() (kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior
has ended (kivy.clock.CyClockBase attribute), 230
method), 558 has_screen() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager
grab() (kivy.input.MotionEvent method), 436 method), 677
grab() (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent has_started (kivy.clock.CyClockBase attribute),
method), 456 230
grab_current (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), have_properties_to_animate()
437 (kivy.animation.Animation method), 191
_
grab current (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent hbar (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView attribute), 685
attribute), 456 height (kivy.core.image.Image property), 305
grab_mouse() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase height (kivy.core.image.ImageData property), 307
method), 324 height (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute),
gradients (kivy.graphics.svg.Svg attribute), 410 325
GraphicException, 364, 426 height (kivy.graphics.svg.Svg attribute), 410
GridLayout (class in kivy.uix.gridlayout), 621 height (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture attribute), 418
GridLayoutException, 623 height (kivy.input.shape.ShapeRect attribute), 460
group (kivy.graphics.Instruction attribute), 365 height (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 761
group (kivy.graphics.instructions.Instruction at- hex_color (kivy.uix.colorpicker.ColorPicker at-
group (kivy.uix.behaviors.togglebutton.ToggleButtonBehavior
hide() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), 325
attribute), 546 hide_keyboard() (kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior
group (kivy.uix.behaviors.ToggleButtonBehavior at- method), 538
tribute), 522 _
hide keyboard() (kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior
method), 519
H hide_root (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView attribute),
h (kivy.core.text.text_layout.LayoutLine attribute), 737
313 HIDMotionEvent (class in
h (kivy.graphics.Color attribute), 362 kivy.input.providers.hidinput), 447
h (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Color attribute), highlight_at() (kivy.modules.console.Console
384 method), 491
halign (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 634 hint_text (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute),
halign (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute), 728 728
handle_exception() hint_text_color (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput
(kivy.base.ExceptionHandler method), attribute), 729
258 HorizontalBlurEffect (class in
handle_exception() kivy.uix.effectwidget), 602
(kivy.base.ExceptionManagerBase method), hsv (kivy.graphics.Color attribute), 362
258
796
hsv (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Color at- (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer attribute),
tribute), 384 747
hsv (kivy.uix.colorpicker.ColorPicker attribute), 593 ImageData (class in kivy.core.image), 306
import_gesture() (kivy.multistroke.Recognizer
I method), 271
icon (kivy.app.App attribute), 207 important (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionItem at-
icon (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), 325 tribute), 570
icon (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionButton attribute), 568 in_back() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
icon (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionToggleButton at- static method), 191
tribute), 572 in_bbox() (kivy.vector.Vector static method), 295
id (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture attribute), 418 in_bounce() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
id (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 437 static method), 192
id (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute), in_circ() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
456 static method), 192
identity() (kivy.graphics.transformation.Matrix in_cubic() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
method), 420 static method), 192
idle() (kivy.base.EventLoopBase method), 256 in _ elastic() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
idle() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior method), 226 static method), 192
idle() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseFreeInterruptOnly in _ expo() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
idle() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseInterruptBehavior in_out_back() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
ids (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 761 in_out_bounce() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
ignore_perpendicular_swipes static method), 193
(kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel attribute), in _ out_ circ() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
_
ignored touch (kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior _ _
in out cubic() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
attribute), 538 static method), 193
ignored_touch (kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior in_out_elastic()
attribute), 520 (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition static
Image (class in kivy.core.image), 303 method), 193
Image (class in kivy.uix.image), 624 in _ out_ expo() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
image (kivy.core.image.Image property), 305 static method), 193
image() (kivy.loader.LoaderBase method), 211 _ _
in out quad() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
image_loading (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer static method), 193
attribute), 746 in_out_quart() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
image_overlay_play static method), 194
(kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer attribute), in_out_quint() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
_
image pause (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer at- in _ out_ sine() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
image_play (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer at- in_quad() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
image_ratio (kivy.uix.image.Image attribute), 625 in_quart() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
image_stop (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer at- static method), 194
tribute), 746 in _ quint() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
_
image volumehigh static method), 194
(kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer attribute), in _ sine() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition
image_volumelow (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer inch (kivy.metrics.MetricsBase attribute), 263
attribute), 747 inch() (in module kivy.metrics), 264
image_volumemedium indent_level (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView at-
(kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer attribute), tribute), 737
747 indent _ start (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView at-
_
image volumemuted tribute), 737
797
index (kivy.core.camera.CameraBase property), 302 inside_group (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionItem at-
index (kivy.uix.camera.Camera attribute), 583 tribute), 570
index (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel attribute), 586 inspect_enabled (kivy.modules.console.Console
index (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserProgressBase attribute), 491
attribute), 612 install_android() (in module kivy.support),
indexof() (kivy.graphics.InstructionGroup 290
method), 365 install_gobject_iteration() (in module
indexof() (kivy.graphics.instructions.InstructionGroup kivy.support), 290
method), 380 install_twisted_reactor() (in module
indices (kivy.graphics.Mesh attribute), 371 kivy.support), 290
indices (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Mesh at- Instruction (class in kivy.graphics), 365
tribute), 432 Instruction (class in kivy.graphics.instructions),
init() (kivy.modules.console.ConsoleAddon 380
method), 492 InstructionGroup (class in kivy.graphics), 365
init_async_lib() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior InstructionGroup (class in
method), 226 kivy.graphics.instructions), 380
init_async_lib() InteractiveLauncher (class in kivy.interactive),
(kivy.clock.ClockBaseInterruptBehavior 255
method), 227 interface (kivy.uix.settings.Settings attribute),
init_camera() (kivy.core.camera.CameraBase 697
method), 302 interface_cls (kivy.uix.settings.Settings at-
init_gesture() (kivy.uix.gesturesurface.GestureSurface tribute), 698
method), 618 InterfaceWithSidebar (class in
initial_height (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout kivy.uix.settings), 692
attribute), 653 interpolate() (in module kivy.utils), 291
initial_size (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout intersect() (kivy.graphics.scissor_instructions.Rect
initial_width (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayoutintersection() (in module kivy.utils), 292
attribute), 653 invalidate() (kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataAdapter
input_absinfo (class in kivy.lib.mtdev), 484 method), 560
input_event (class in kivy.lib.mtdev), 485 inverse() (kivy.graphics.transformation.Matrix
input_filter (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), 420
attribute), 729 InvertEffect (class in kivy.uix.effectwidget), 602
input type (kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior is_active (kivy.uix.screenmanager.TransitionBase
_
input_type (kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior at- is_color_transparent() (in module
tribute), 520 kivy.utils), 292
InputPostprocCalibration (class in is_dead() (kivy.weakmethod.WeakMethod method),
kivy.input.postproc.calibration), 441 297
InputPostprocDejitter (class in is_dir() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileSystemAbstract
kivy.input.postproc.dejitter), 441 method), 613
InputPostprocDoubleTap (class in is_dir() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileSystemLocal
kivy.input.postproc.doubletap), 442 method), 613
InputPostprocIgnoreList (class in is_double_tap (kivy.input.MotionEvent at-
kivy.input.postproc.ignorelist), 442 tribute), 437
InputPostprocRetainTouch (class in is_double_tap (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent
kivy.input.postproc.retaintouch), 442 attribute), 456
InputPostprocTripleTap (class in is_event_type() (kivy.event.EventDispatcher
kivy.input.postproc.tripletap), 443 method), 247
insert() (kivy.graphics.InstructionGroup method), is_finished (kivy.network.urlrequest.UrlRequest
365 property), 501
insert() (kivy.graphics.instructions.InstructionGroupis_focusable (kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior
insert_text() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput is_focusable (kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior
798
is_hidden() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileSystemAbstract keep_ratio (kivy.uix.image.Image attribute), 625
method), 613 keep_ref (kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace.KNSpace at-
is_hidden() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileSystemLocal tribute), 544
method), 613 keep_within_parent (kivy.uix.splitter.Splitter
is_last_line (kivy.core.text.text_layout.LayoutLine attribute), 707
attribute), 313 key (kivy.uix.settings.SettingItem attribute), 695
is_leaf (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeViewNode attribute), key_background_color
739 (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard attribute),
is_loaded (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeViewNode at- 752
tribute), 740 key_background_down
is_manual (kivy.effects.kinetic.KineticEffect at- (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard attribute),
tribute), 342 752
is_mouse_scrolling (kivy.input.MotionEvent key_background_normal
property), 437 (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard attribute),
is_mouse_scrolling 752
(kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent key_bindings (kivy.uix.behaviors.emacs.EmacsBehavior
property), 456 attribute), 535
is_open (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionGroup attribute), key_bindings (kivy.uix.behaviors.EmacsBehavior
569 attribute), 518
_
is open (kivy.uix.spinner.Spinner attribute), 704 _
key border (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard at-
is_open (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeViewNode attribute), tribute), 752
740 key_disabled_background_normal
is_selected (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeViewNode at- (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard attribute),
tribute), 740 752
is_shortened (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 634 key_margin (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard at-
is_touch (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 437 tribute), 752
is touch (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent at- key pos_hint (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
_ _
is_triggered (kivy.clock.ClockEvent attribute), key_selection (kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.LayoutSelectionBehavior
228 attribute), 558
is_triple_tap (kivy.input.MotionEvent at- key_size (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout at-
is_triple_tap (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEventkey_size_hint (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
isclose() (in module kivy.compat), 234 key_size_hint_max
italic (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 634 (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
iterate_all_nodes() attribute), 654
(kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView method), 737 key_size_hint_min
iterate_mipmaps() (kivy.core.image.ImageData (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
_ _
iterate open nodes() _
key viewclass (kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.RecycleLayoutManagerB
(kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView method), 737 attribute), 558
key_viewclass (kivy.uix.recycleview.RecycleView
J attribute), 554
joint (kivy.graphics.Line attribute), 369 Keyboard (class in kivy.core.window), 319
joint (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line at- keyboard (kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior
_
joint precision (kivy.graphics.Line attribute), keyboard (kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior at-
369 tribute), 520
keyboard_anim_args
joint_precision (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line
attribute), 430 (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute),
JsonStore (class in kivy.storage.jsonstore), 507 325
keyboard_height (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
K attribute), 325
keep_data (kivy.uix.image.Image attribute), 625 keyboard _mode (kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior
799
attribute), 539 kivy.compat
keyboard_mode (kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior module, 234
attribute), 521 kivy.config
keyboard_on_key_down() module, 234
(kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior kivy.context
method), 539 module, 241
keyboard_on_key_down() kivy.core
(kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior method), module, 299
521 kivy.core.audio
keyboard_on_key_down() module, 299
(kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), kivy.core.camera
729 module, 301
keyboard_on_key_up() kivy.core.clipboard
(kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior module, 302
method), 539 kivy.core.gl
keyboard_on_key_up() module, 303
(kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior method), kivy.core.image
521 module, 303
keyboard_on_key_up() kivy.core.spelling
(kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), module, 307
729 kivy.core.text
keyboard_padding module, 308
(kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), kivy.core.text.markup
325 module, 316
keyboard_select (kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelectionBehavior
kivy.core.text.text_layout
attribute), 529 module, 312
_
keyboard select (kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior
kivy.core.video
attribute), 515 module, 317
keyboard_suggestions kivy.core.window
(kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior module, 319
attribute), 539 kivy.deps
keyboard_suggestions module, 339
(kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior attribute), kivy.effects
521 module, 341
keycode_to_string() kivy.effects.dampedscroll
(kivy.core.window.Keyboard method), module, 341
320 kivy.effects.kinetic
keys() (kivy.storage.AbstractStore method), 506 module, 342
KineticEffect (class in kivy.effects.kinetic), 342 kivy.effects.opacityscroll
kivy module, 344
module, 187 kivy.effects.scroll
kivy._version module, 344
module, 188 kivy.event
kivy.animation module, 241
module, 188 kivy.eventmanager
kivy.app module, 347
module, 197 kivy.factory
kivy.atlas module, 250
module, 213 kivy.garden
kivy.base module, 351
module, 256 kivy.geometry
kivy.cache module, 251
module, 216 kivy.gesture
kivy.clock module, 251
module, 218 kivy.graphics
800
module, 355 kivy.input.provider
kivy.graphics.cgl module, 459
module, 382 kivy.input.providers
kivy.graphics.compiler module, 443
module, 392 kivy.input.providers.androidjoystick
kivy.graphics.context module, 443
module, 387 kivy.input.providers.hidinput
kivy.graphics.context_instructions module, 446
module, 383 kivy.input.providers.leapfinger
kivy.graphics.fbo module, 444
module, 388 kivy.input.providers.linuxwacom
kivy.graphics.gl_instructions module, 448
module, 391 kivy.input.providers.mactouch
kivy.graphics.instructions module, 448
module, 377 kivy.input.providers.mouse
kivy.graphics.opengl module, 445
module, 393 kivy.input.providers.mtdev
kivy.graphics.opengl_utils module, 447
module, 403 kivy.input.providers.probesysfs
kivy.graphics.scissor_instructions module, 443
module, 404 kivy.input.providers.tuio
kivy.graphics.shader module, 449
module, 405 kivy.input.providers.wm_common
kivy.graphics.stencil_instructions module, 444
module, 407 kivy.input.recorder
kivy.graphics.svg module, 451
module, 409 kivy.input.shape
kivy.graphics.tesselator module, 460
module, 410 kivy.interactive
kivy.graphics.texture module, 253
module, 413 kivy.lang
kivy.graphics.transformation module, 461
module, 420 kivy.lang.builder
kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions module, 478
module, 423 kivy.lang.parser
kivy.input module, 482
module, 435 kivy.lib
kivy.input.factory module, 483
module, 459 kivy.lib.ddsfile
kivy.input.motionevent module, 483
module, 453 kivy.lib.gstplayer
kivy.input.postproc module, 483
module, 440 kivy.lib.mtdev
kivy.input.postproc.calibration module, 484
module, 440 kivy.loader
kivy.input.postproc.dejitter module, 211
module, 441 kivy.logger
kivy.input.postproc.doubletap module, 259
module, 442 kivy.metrics
kivy.input.postproc.ignorelist module, 261
module, 442 kivy.modules
kivy.input.postproc.retaintouch module, 487
module, 442 kivy.modules.console
kivy.input.postproc.tripletap module, 488
module, 443 kivy.modules.inspector
801
module, 493 kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection
kivy.modules.joycursor module, 526
module, 494 kivy.uix.behaviors.cover
kivy.modules.keybinding module, 532
module, 495 kivy.uix.behaviors.drag
kivy.modules.monitor module, 533
module, 495 kivy.uix.behaviors.emacs
kivy.modules.recorder module, 535
module, 496 kivy.uix.behaviors.focus
kivy.modules.screen module, 536
module, 496 kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace
kivy.modules.touchring module, 540
module, 497 kivy.uix.behaviors.togglebutton
kivy.modules.webdebugger module, 545
module, 497 kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple
kivy.multistroke module, 547
module, 264 kivy.uix.boxlayout
kivy.network module, 574
module, 499 kivy.uix.bubble
kivy.network.urlrequest module, 577
module, 499 kivy.uix.button
kivy.parser module, 581
module, 273 kivy.uix.camera
kivy.properties module, 583
module, 274 kivy.uix.carousel
kivy.resources module, 584
module, 289 kivy.uix.checkbox
kivy.storage module, 588
module, 503 kivy.uix.codeinput
kivy.storage.dictstore module, 590
module, 507 kivy.uix.colorpicker
kivy.storage.jsonstore module, 592
module, 507 kivy.uix.dropdown
kivy.storage.redisstore module, 594
module, 507 kivy.uix.effectwidget
kivy.support module, 598
module, 290 kivy.uix.filechooser
kivy.tools module, 603
module, 509 kivy.uix.floatlayout
kivy.tools.packaging module, 613
module, 510 kivy.uix.gesturesurface
kivy.uix module, 615
module, 511 kivy.uix.gridlayout
kivy.uix.accordion module, 619
module, 562 kivy.uix.image
kivy.uix.actionbar module, 623
module, 567 kivy.uix.label
kivy.uix.anchorlayout module, 626
module, 573 kivy.uix.layout
kivy.uix.behaviors module, 639
module, 511 kivy.uix.modalview
kivy.uix.behaviors.button module, 642
module, 524 kivy.uix.pagelayout
kivy.uix.behaviors.codenavigation module, 645
module, 526 kivy.uix.popup
802
module, 647 kivy.uix.videoplayer
kivy.uix.progressbar module, 743
module, 650 kivy.uix.vkeyboard
kivy.uix.recycleboxlayout module, 749
module, 651 kivy.uix.widget
kivy.uix.recyclegridlayout module, 754
module, 651 kivy.utils
kivy.uix.recyclelayout module, 290
module, 652 kivy.vector
kivy.uix.recycleview module, 293
module, 549 kivy.weakmethod
kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel module, 297
module, 555 kivy.weakproxy
kivy.uix.recycleview.layout module, 297
module, 556 kivy_base_dir (in module kivy), 187
kivy.uix.recycleview.views kivy_config_fn (in module kivy), 187
module, 559 kivy_configure() (in module kivy), 187
kivy.uix.relativelayout kivy_data_dir (in module kivy), 187
module, 654 kivy_examples_dir (in module kivy), 187
kivy.uix.rst kivy_home_dir (in module kivy), 187
module, 659 kivy_icons_dir (in module kivy), 187
kivy.uix.sandbox kivy_options (in module kivy), 187
module, 662 kivy_register_post_configuration() (in
kivy.uix.scatter module kivy), 188
module, 664 kivy_shader_dir (in module kivy), 188
kivy.uix.scatterlayout kivy_usermodules_dir (in module kivy), 188
module, 670 knsname (kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace.KNSpaceBehavior
kivy.uix.screenmanager attribute), 544
module, 672 KNSpace (class in kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace), 543
kivy.uix.scrollview knspace (in module kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace), 545
module, 681 knspace (kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace.KNSpaceBehavior
kivy.uix.settings attribute), 544
module, 688 knspace_key (kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace.KNSpaceBehavior
kivy.uix.slider attribute), 545
module, 699 KNSpaceBehavior (class in
kivy.uix.spinner kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace), 544
module, 703 kv_directory (kivy.app.App attribute), 207
kivy.uix.splitter kv_file (kivy.app.App attribute), 207
module, 705
kivy.uix.stacklayout L
module, 708 Label (class in kivy.uix.label), 630
kivy.uix.stencilview label (kivy.core.text.LabelBase property), 312
module, 710 LabelBase (class in kivy.core.text), 309
kivy.uix.switch last_touch (kivy.uix.behaviors.button.ButtonBehavior
module, 711 attribute), 525
kivy.uix.tabbedpanel _
last touch (kivy.uix.behaviors.ButtonBehavior at-
module, 712 tribute), 513
kivy.uix.textinput last_touch (kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple.TouchRippleButtonBehavi
kivy.uix.togglebutton last_touch (kivy.uix.behaviors.TouchRippleButtonBehavior
kivy.uix.treeview Layout (class in kivy.uix.layout), 640
module, 735 layout (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController
kivy.uix.video attribute), 610
module, 741
803
layout (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard attribute), link() (kivy.properties.VariableListProperty
752 method), 289
layout_hint_with_bounds() link_deps() (kivy.properties.AliasProperty
(kivy.uix.layout.Layout method), 641 method), 279
layout_manager (kivy.uix.recycleview.RecycleViewBehavior link_deps() (kivy.properties.ConfigParserProperty
layout_path (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard at- link_deps() (kivy.properties.Property method),
tribute), 752 287
layout_text() (in module link_deps() (kivy.properties.ReferenceListProperty
kivy.core.text.text_layout), 314 method), 288
LayoutChangeException, 556 link_eagerly() (kivy.properties.AliasProperty
LayoutLine (class in kivy.core.text.text_layout), method), 279
312 link_eagerly() (kivy.properties.Property
LayoutSelectionBehavior (class in method), 287
kivy.uix.recycleview.layout), 556 LinuxWacomMotionEvent (class in
LayoutWord (class in kivy.core.text.text_layout), kivy.input.providers.linuxwacom), 449
313 list() (kivy.input.factory.MotionEventFactory
LeapFingerEvent (class in static method), 459
kivy.input.providers.leapfinger), 444 list() (kivy.input.MotionEventFactory static
LeapFingerEventProvider (class in method), 439
kivy.input.providers.leapfinger), 444 list_languages()
left (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), 325 (kivy.core.spelling.SpellingBase method),
length (kivy.core.audio.Sound property), 300 308
length (kivy.properties.VariableListProperty at- listdir() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileSystemAbstract
length() (kivy.graphics.InstructionGroup method), listdir() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileSystemLocal
365 method), 613
length() (kivy.graphics.instructions.InstructionGroupListProperty (class in kivy.properties), 283
method), 380 load() (kivy.core.audio.Sound method), 300
length() (kivy.vector.Vector method), 295 load() (kivy.core.audio.SoundLoader static method),
length2() (kivy.vector.Vector method), 295 301
level (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeViewNode attribute), load() (kivy.core.image.Image static method), 305
740 load() (kivy.core.video.VideoBase method), 318
lexer (kivy.uix.codeinput.CodeInput attribute), 591 load_config() (kivy.app.App method), 207
lh (kivy.core.text.text_layout.LayoutWord attribute), load_file() (kivy.lang.builder.BuilderBase
314 method), 479
limit_to (kivy.uix.bubble.Bubble attribute), 580 load_file() (kivy.lang.BuilderBase method), 475
Line (class in kivy.graphics), 365 load_func (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView attribute),
Line (class in kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions), 426 738
line_height (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 635 load_kv() (kivy.app.App method), 207
line_height (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput at- load_memory() (kivy.core.image.Image method),
tribute), 729 305
line_intersection() (kivy.vector.Vector static load_next() (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel method),
method), 295 586
line_spacing (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput load_previous() (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel
line_wrap (kivy.core.text.text_layout.LayoutLine load_slide() (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel method),
attribute), 313 586
linear() _
(kivy.animation.AnimationTransition load string() (kivy.lang.builder.BuilderBase
static method), 195 method), 479
link() (kivy.properties.DictProperty method), 283 load_string() (kivy.lang.BuilderBase method),
link() (kivy.properties.ListProperty method), 284 475
link() (kivy.properties.Property method), 287 loaded (kivy.uix.video.Video attribute), 742
link() (kivy.properties.ReferenceListProperty LoaderBase (class in kivy.loader), 211
method), 288 LoadIdentity (class in kivy.graphics), 370
804
loading_image (kivy.loader.LoaderBase property), matrix (kivy.graphics.MatrixInstruction attribute),
212 370
Logger (in module kivy.logger), 260 MatrixInstruction (class in kivy.graphics), 370
LoggerHistory (class in kivy.logger), 260 MatrixInstruction (class in
look_at() (kivy.graphics.transformation.Matrix kivy.graphics.context_instructions), 385
method), 420 max (kivy.effects.scroll.ScrollEffect attribute), 344
loop (kivy.clock.ClockEvent attribute), 228 max (kivy.uix.progressbar.ProgressBar attribute), 650
loop (kivy.core.audio.Sound attribute), 300 max (kivy.uix.slider.Slider attribute), 701
loop (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel attribute), 587 max_height (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown at-
lw (kivy.core.text.text_layout.LayoutWord attribute), tribute), 597
314 max_history (kivy.effects.kinetic.KineticEffect at-
tribute), 342
M max_iteration (kivy.clock.CyClockBase attribute),
MacMotionEventProvider (class in 230
kivy.input.providers.mactouch), 448 max_lines (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 635
mag_filter (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture at- max_size (kivy.uix.splitter.Splitter attribute), 707
tribute), 418 max_upload_per_frame (kivy.loader.LoaderBase
mainloop() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase property), 212
method), 326 maximize() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
mainthread() (in module kivy.clock), 233 method), 326
make_view_dirty() menu (kivy.uix.settings.InterfaceWithSidebar at-
(kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataAdapter tribute), 693
method), 560 MenuSidebar (class in kivy.uix.settings), 693
make_views_dirty() merge_gestures()
(kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataAdapter (kivy.uix.gesturesurface.GestureSurface
managed_textinput Mesh (class in kivy.graphics), 370
(kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), Mesh (class in kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions), 431
326 meshes (kivy.graphics.tesselator.Tesselator attribute),
manager (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooser attribute), 412
608 Metrics (in module kivy.metrics), 262
manager (kivy.uix.screenmanager.Screen attribute), MetricsBase (class in kivy.metrics), 262
676 min (kivy.effects.scroll.ScrollEffect attribute), 344
manager (kivy.uix.screenmanager.TransitionBase at- min (kivy.uix.slider.Slider attribute), 701
tribute), 680 min_distance (kivy.effects.kinetic.KineticEffect at-
margin_hint (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard attribute), 343
tribute), 752 min_filter (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture at-
markup (kivy.core.text.markup.MarkupLabel prop- tribute), 418
erty), 317 min_move (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel attribute), 587
markup (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionPrevious at- min_overscroll (kivy.effects.dampedscroll.DampedScrollEffect
markup (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 635 min_size (kivy.uix.splitter.Splitter attribute), 707
MarkupLabel (class in kivy.core.text.markup), 316 MIN_SLEEP (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior attribute),
match() (kivy.lang.builder.BuilderBase method), 480 225
match() (kivy.lang.BuilderBase method), 475 min_space (kivy.uix.accordion.Accordion attribute),
match_candidate() 564
(kivy.multistroke.MultistrokeGesture min_space (kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem at-
match_rule_name() min state_time (kivy.uix.behaviors.button.ButtonBehavior
_
(kivy.lang.builder.BuilderBase method), attribute), 525
480 min_state_time (kivy.uix.behaviors.ButtonBehavior
match_rule_name() (kivy.lang.BuilderBase attribute), 513
method), 476 min_state_time (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown
Matrix (class in kivy.graphics.transformation), 420 attribute), 597
matrix (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.MatrixInstruction
min_velocity (kivy.effects.kinetic.KineticEffect at-
attribute), 385
805
tribute), 343 MODE_DONT_DISPATCH (in module
minimize() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase kivy.eventmanager), 349
method), 326 MODE_FILTERED_DISPATCH (in module
minimum_bounding_circle() (in module kivy.eventmanager), 349
kivy.geometry), 251 modifiers (kivy.core.window.WindowBase at-
minimum_height (kivy.core.window.WindowBase tribute), 326
attribute), 326 module
minimum_height (kivy.uix.boxlayout.BoxLayout kivy, 187
attribute), 576 kivy._version, 188
minimum_height (kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout kivy.animation, 188
attribute), 621 kivy.app, 197
minimum_height (kivy.uix.stacklayout.StackLayout kivy.atlas, 213
attribute), 709 kivy.base, 256
minimum_height (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput at- kivy.cache, 216
tribute), 730 kivy.clock, 218
minimum_height (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView at- kivy.compat, 234
tribute), 738 kivy.config, 234
minimum_size (kivy.uix.boxlayout.BoxLayout at- kivy.context, 241
tribute), 576 kivy.core, 299
minimum_size (kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout at- kivy.core.audio, 299
tribute), 621 kivy.core.camera, 301
minimum_size (kivy.uix.stacklayout.StackLayout kivy.core.clipboard, 302
attribute), 709 kivy.core.gl, 303
minimum_size (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView at- kivy.core.image, 303
tribute), 738 kivy.core.spelling, 307
minimum_width (kivy.core.window.WindowBase at- kivy.core.text, 308
tribute), 326 kivy.core.text.markup, 316
minimum_width (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionItem at- kivy.core.text.text_layout, 312
tribute), 570 kivy.core.video, 317
minimum_width (kivy.uix.boxlayout.BoxLayout at- kivy.core.window, 319
tribute), 576 kivy.deps, 339
minimum_width (kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout kivy.effects, 341
attribute), 622 kivy.effects.dampedscroll, 341
minimum_width (kivy.uix.stacklayout.StackLayout kivy.effects.kinetic, 342
attribute), 709 kivy.effects.opacityscroll, 344
minimum_width (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView at- kivy.effects.scroll, 344
tribute), 738 kivy.event, 241
mipmap (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture attribute), 418 kivy.eventmanager, 347
mipmap (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionItem attribute), kivy.factory, 250
570 kivy.garden, 351
mipmap (kivy.uix.image.Image attribute), 625 kivy.geometry, 251
mipmap (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 635 kivy.gesture, 251
mipmaps (kivy.core.image.ImageData attribute), 307 kivy.graphics, 355
mm (kivy.metrics.MetricsBase attribute), 263 kivy.graphics.cgl, 382
mm() (in module kivy.metrics), 264 kivy.graphics.compiler, 392
ModalView (class in kivy.uix.modalview), 643 kivy.graphics.context, 387
mode (kivy.graphics.Mesh attribute), 371 kivy.graphics.context_instructions,
mode (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Mesh at- 383
tribute), 432 kivy.graphics.fbo, 388
mode (kivy.modules.console.Console attribute), 491 kivy.graphics.gl_instructions, 391
mode (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionGroup attribute), 569 kivy.graphics.instructions, 377
mode (kivy.uix.screenmanager.CardTransition at- kivy.graphics.opengl, 393
tribute), 675 kivy.graphics.opengl_utils, 403
MODE_DEFAULT_DISPATCH (in module kivy.graphics.scissor_instructions,
kivy.eventmanager), 349 404
806
kivy.graphics.shader, 405 kivy.modules.monitor, 495
kivy.graphics.stencil_instructions, kivy.modules.recorder, 496
407 kivy.modules.screen, 496
kivy.graphics.svg, 409 kivy.modules.touchring, 497
kivy.graphics.tesselator, 410 kivy.modules.webdebugger, 497
kivy.graphics.texture, 413 kivy.multistroke, 264
kivy.graphics.transformation, 420 kivy.network, 499
kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions, kivy.network.urlrequest, 499
423 kivy.parser, 273
kivy.input, 435 kivy.properties, 274
kivy.input.factory, 459 kivy.resources, 289
kivy.input.motionevent, 453 kivy.storage, 503
kivy.input.postproc, 440 kivy.storage.dictstore, 507
kivy.input.postproc.calibration, kivy.storage.jsonstore, 507
440 kivy.storage.redisstore, 507
kivy.input.postproc.dejitter, 441 kivy.support, 290
kivy.input.postproc.doubletap, 442 kivy.tools, 509
kivy.input.postproc.ignorelist, 442 kivy.tools.packaging, 510
kivy.input.postproc.retaintouch, kivy.uix, 511
442 kivy.uix.accordion, 562
kivy.input.postproc.tripletap, 443 kivy.uix.actionbar, 567
kivy.input.provider, 459 kivy.uix.anchorlayout, 573
kivy.input.providers, 443 kivy.uix.behaviors, 511
kivy.input.providers.androidjoystick, kivy.uix.behaviors.button, 524
443 kivy.uix.behaviors.codenavigation,
kivy.input.providers.hidinput, 446 526
kivy.input.providers.leapfinger, kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection,
444 526
kivy.input.providers.linuxwacom, kivy.uix.behaviors.cover, 532
448 kivy.uix.behaviors.drag, 533
kivy.input.providers.mactouch, 448 kivy.uix.behaviors.emacs, 535
kivy.input.providers.mouse, 445 kivy.uix.behaviors.focus, 536
kivy.input.providers.mtdev, 447 kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace, 540
kivy.input.providers.probesysfs, kivy.uix.behaviors.togglebutton,
443 545
kivy.input.providers.tuio, 449 kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple, 547
kivy.input.providers.wm_common, 444 kivy.uix.boxlayout, 574
kivy.input.recorder, 451 kivy.uix.bubble, 577
kivy.input.shape, 460 kivy.uix.button, 581
kivy.interactive, 253 kivy.uix.camera, 583
kivy.lang, 461 kivy.uix.carousel, 584
kivy.lang.builder, 478 kivy.uix.checkbox, 588
kivy.lang.parser, 482 kivy.uix.codeinput, 590
kivy.lib, 483 kivy.uix.colorpicker, 592
kivy.lib.ddsfile, 483 kivy.uix.dropdown, 594
kivy.lib.gstplayer, 483 kivy.uix.effectwidget, 598
kivy.lib.mtdev, 484 kivy.uix.filechooser, 603
kivy.loader, 211 kivy.uix.floatlayout, 613
kivy.logger, 259 kivy.uix.gesturesurface, 615
kivy.metrics, 261 kivy.uix.gridlayout, 619
kivy.modules, 487 kivy.uix.image, 623
kivy.modules.console, 488 kivy.uix.label, 626
kivy.modules.inspector, 493 kivy.uix.layout, 639
kivy.modules.joycursor, 494 kivy.uix.modalview, 642
kivy.modules.keybinding, 495 kivy.uix.pagelayout, 645
807
kivy.uix.popup, 647 mtdev_caps (class in kivy.lib.mtdev), 485
kivy.uix.progressbar, 650 MTDMotionEvent (class in
kivy.uix.recycleboxlayout, 651 kivy.input.providers.mtdev), 448
kivy.uix.recyclegridlayout, 651 multiline (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute),
kivy.uix.recyclelayout, 652 730
kivy.uix.recycleview, 549 multiply() (kivy.graphics.transformation.Matrix
kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel, 555 method), 421
kivy.uix.recycleview.layout, 556 multiselect (kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelect
kivy.uix.recycleview.views, 559 attribute), 530
kivy.uix.relativelayout, 654 multiselect (kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior
kivy.uix.rst, 659 attribute), 515
kivy.uix.sandbox, 662 multiselect (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController
kivy.uix.scatter, 664 attribute), 610
kivy.uix.scatterlayout, 670 MultistrokeGesture (class in kivy.multistroke),
kivy.uix.screenmanager, 672 266
kivy.uix.scrollview, 681
kivy.uix.settings, 688 N
kivy.uix.slider, 699 name (kivy.app.App property), 208
kivy.uix.spinner, 703 name (kivy.config.ConfigParser property), 240
kivy.uix.splitter, 705 name (kivy.uix.screenmanager.Screen attribute), 676
kivy.uix.stacklayout, 708 next (kivy.clock.ClockEvent attribute), 228
kivy.uix.stencilview, 710 next() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager
kivy.uix.switch, 711 method), 677
kivy.uix.tabbedpanel, 712 next_slide (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel attribute),
kivy.uix.textinput, 720 587
kivy.uix.togglebutton, 734 _
no selection (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeViewNode at-
kivy.uix.treeview, 735 tribute), 740
kivy.uix.video, 741 nocache (kivy.core.image.Image property), 305
kivy.uix.videoplayer, 743 nocache (kivy.uix.image.Image attribute), 625
kivy.uix.vkeyboard, 749 nodes (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeViewNode attribute),
kivy.uix.widget, 754 740
kivy.utils, 290 nodes_order_reversed
kivy.vector, 293 (kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelectionBeha
kivy.weakmethod, 297 attribute), 530
kivy.weakproxy, 297 nodes_order_reversed
MonochromeEffect (class in (kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior
kivy.uix.effectwidget), 602 attribute), 515
motion_filter (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), NoLanguageSelectedError, 307
762 norm_image_size (kivy.uix.image.Image at-
MotionEvent (class in kivy.input), 435 tribute), 625
MotionEvent (class in kivy.input.motionevent), 455 normal_matrix() (kivy.graphics.transformation.Matrix
MotionEventFactory (class in kivy.input), 439 method), 421
MotionEventFactory (class in normalize() (kivy.gesture.Gesture method), 252
kivy.input.factory), 459 normalize() (kivy.vector.Vector method), 295
MotionEventProvider (class in kivy.input), 440 normalize_stroke()
MotionEventProvider (class in (kivy.gesture.GestureStroke method), 253
kivy.input.provider), 459 NoSuchLangError, 307
mouse_pos (kivy.core.window.WindowBase at- NoTransition (class in kivy.uix.screenmanager),
tribute), 326 675
MouseMotionEventProvider (class in num_workers (kivy.loader.LoaderBase property),
kivy.input.providers.mouse), 446 212
move() (kivy.input.MotionEvent method), 437 NumericProperty (class in kivy.properties), 284
move() (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent
method), 457 O
mtdev (class in kivy.lib.mtdev), 485 ObjectProperty (class in kivy.properties), 285
808
ObjectWithUid (class in kivy.event), 249 on_joy_button_down()
Observable (class in kivy.event), 249 (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method),
Observable (class in kivy.lang), 477 329
Observable (class in kivy.lang.builder), 481 on_joy_button_up()
_
observable dict (kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel.RecycleDataModel(kivy.core.window.WindowBase method),
property), 555 329
odd (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeViewNode attribute), 740 on_joy_hat() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
_
odd color (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeViewNode at- method), 329
tribute), 740 on_key_down() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
on__anim_alpha() method), 329
(kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView method), on_key_up() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
644 method), 329
on_bring_to_front() (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter on_keyboard() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
on_close() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase on_maximize() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
on_config_change() (kivy.app.App method), 208 on_memorywarning()
on_context_created() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method),
(kivy.uix.sandbox.Sandbox method), 663 329
on_current_uid() on_minimize() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
(kivy.uix.settings.ContentPanel method), method), 329
692 on_motion() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
_
on cursor() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), 329
method), 730 on_motion() (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown
on_cursor_blink() method), 597
(kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), on_motion() (kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView
730 method), 644
on_cursor_enter() on_motion() (kivy.uix.relativelayout.RelativeLayout
(kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), method), 658
326 on_motion() (kivy.uix.sandbox.Sandbox method),
on_cursor_leave() 663
(kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), on_motion() (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter method), 667
327 on_motion() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager
_
on dismiss() (kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView method), 677
method), 644 on_motion() (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView
on_double_tap() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), 685
method), 730 on_motion() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget method), 762
on_drop_begin() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase on_mouse_down() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
on_drop_end() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase on_mouse_move() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
on_drop_file() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase on_mouse_up() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
on_drop_text() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase on_open() (kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView
on_exception() (kivy.uix.sandbox.Sandbox on_pause() (kivy.app.App method), 208
method), 663 on_pause() (kivy.base.EventLoopBase method), 257
on_flip() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), on_pre_dismiss()
328 (kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView method),
on_hide() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), 644
328 on_pre_open() (kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView
_ _
on joy axis() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), 644
method), 328 on_quad_touch() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput
on_joy_ball() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), 730
method), 329 on_request_close()
809
(kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter
330 method), 668
on_resize() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager
_
on restore() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase on touch_down() (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView
_
on_resume() (kivy.app.App method), 208 on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.settings.SettingItem
on_rotate() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), 695
method), 330 on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.settings.Settings
on_schedule() (kivy.clock.CyClockBase method), method), 698
230 on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.slider.Slider method),
_ _
on selected uid() 701
(kivy.uix.settings.MenuSidebar method), on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.switch.Switch
693 method), 712
on_show() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanelHeader
330 method), 719
on_start() (kivy.app.App method), 209 on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput
on_start() (kivy.base.EventLoopBase method), 257 method), 730
on_stop() (kivy.app.App method), 209 on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView
_
on stop() (kivy.base.EventLoopBase method), 257 method), 738
on_textedit() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer
on_textinput() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard
on_texture() (kivy.core.image.Image method), 305 on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget
on_touch_down() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), 763
method), 331 on_touch_move() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
_ _
on touch down() (kivy.modules.console.Console method), 331
method), 491 on_touch_move() (kivy.modules.console.Console
on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem method), 491
method), 566 on_touch_move() (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel
on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel method), 587
method), 587 on_touch_move() (kivy.uix.colorpicker.ColorWheel
_ _
on touch down() (kivy.uix.colorpicker.ColorWheel method), 593
method), 593 on_touch_move() (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown
on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown method), 597
method), 597 on_touch_move() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserProgressBase
on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController method), 612
method), 610 on_touch_move() (kivy.uix.gesturesurface.GestureSurface
on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserProgressBasemethod), 618
method), 612 on_touch_move() (kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView
_ _
on touch down() (kivy.uix.gesturesurface.GestureSurface method), 644
method), 618 on_touch_move() (kivy.uix.pagelayout.PageLayout
on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.label.Label method), method), 646
635 on_touch_move() (kivy.uix.relativelayout.RelativeLayout
on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView method), 659
method), 644 on_touch_move() (kivy.uix.sandbox.Sandbox
on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.pagelayout.PageLayout method), 664
method), 646 on_touch_move() (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter
_ _
on touch down() (kivy.uix.popup.Popup method), 668
method), 649 on_touch_move() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager
_ _
on touch down() (kivy.uix.relativelayout.RelativeLayout method), 677
method), 659 on_touch_move() (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView
on_touch_down() (kivy.uix.sandbox.Sandbox method), 686
method), 664 on_touch_move() (kivy.uix.slider.Slider method),
810
701 opacity (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 763
on_touch_move() (kivy.uix.switch.Switch OpacityScrollEffect (class in
method), 712 kivy.effects.opacityscroll), 344
on_touch_move() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput open() (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown method), 597
method), 731 open() (kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView method),
on_touch_move() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget 644
method), 763 open_settings() (kivy.app.App method), 209
on_touch_up() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase opos (kivy.input.MotionEvent property), 437
method), 331 opos (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent prop-
on_touch_up() (kivy.modules.console.Console erty), 457
method), 491 option_cls (kivy.uix.spinner.Spinner attribute),
on_touch_up() (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel 704
method), 587 OptionProperty (class in kivy.properties), 285
on_touch_up() (kivy.uix.colorpicker.ColorWheel options (kivy.app.App attribute), 209
method), 594 options (kivy.core.text.text_layout.LayoutWord at-
on_touch_up() (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown tribute), 314
method), 597 options (kivy.properties.OptionProperty attribute),
on_touch_up() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController 286
method), 610 options (kivy.uix.settings.SettingOptions at-
_ _
on touch up() (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserProgressBase tribute), 696
method), 612 options (kivy.uix.video.Video attribute), 742
on_touch_up() (kivy.uix.gesturesurface.GestureSurface options (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer at-
on_touch_up() (kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView order (kivy.uix.effectwidget.ChannelMixEffect at-
on_touch_up() (kivy.uix.pagelayout.PageLayout orientation (kivy.uix.accordion.Accordion at-
on_touch_up() (kivy.uix.relativelayout.RelativeLayout orientation (kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem at-
on_touch_up() (kivy.uix.sandbox.Sandbox orientation (kivy.uix.boxlayout.BoxLayout
on_touch_up() (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter method), orientation (kivy.uix.bubble.Bubble attribute),
668 580
_ _
on touch up() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager orientation (kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout at-
on_touch_up() (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView orientation (kivy.uix.slider.Slider attribute), 701
method), 686 orientation (kivy.uix.stacklayout.StackLayout at-
on_touch_up() (kivy.uix.settings.SettingItem tribute), 709
method), 695 origin (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Rotate
on_touch_up() (kivy.uix.slider.Slider method), 701 attribute), 386
_ _
on touch up() (kivy.uix.switch.Switch method), origin (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Scale at-
712 tribute), 386
on_touch_up() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput origin (kivy.graphics.Rotate attribute), 374
method), 731 origin (kivy.graphics.Scale attribute), 374
on_touch_up() (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard original_textures (kivy.atlas.Atlas attribute),
method), 753 216
on_touch_up() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget method), osx (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 437
763 osx (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute),
_ _ _
on transform with touch() 457
(kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter method), 668 osy (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 437
on_triple_tap() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput osy (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute),
method), 731 457
opacity (kivy.graphics.Canvas attribute), 360 osz (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 437
opacity (kivy.graphics.instructions.Canvas at- osz (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute),
tribute), 379 457
811
out_back() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition padding (kivy.uix.stacklayout.StackLayout at-
static method), 195 tribute), 710
out_bounce() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition padding (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute),
out circ() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition padding_x (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 636
_
static method), 195 padding_x (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute),
_
out cubic() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition 731
static method), 195 padding_y (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 636
out_elastic() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransitionpadding_y (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute),
out_expo() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition page (kivy.uix.pagelayout.PageLayout attribute), 646
static method), 196 page_count (kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelectio
_
out quad() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition attribute), 530
static method), 196 page_count (kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior
out_quart() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition attribute), 515
static method), 196 PageLayout (class in kivy.uix.pagelayout), 645
out_quint() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition panel (kivy.uix.settings.SettingItem attribute), 695
static method), 196 panels (kivy.uix.settings.ContentPanel attribute),
out_sine() (kivy.animation.AnimationTransition 692
static method), 196 parent (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute),
outline_color (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 635 331
outline_width (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 635 parent (kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace.KNSpace at-
overdraw_width (kivy.graphics.SmoothLine tribute), 544
attribute), 375 parent (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 763
parent_node (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeViewNode at-
overdraw_width (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.SmoothLine
_
overflow group (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionView parse() (kivy.lang.Parser method), 478
attribute), 572 parse() (kivy.lang.parser.Parser method), 482
overflow_image (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionOverflow parse_bool() (in module kivy.parser), 273
attribute), 570 parse_color() (in module kivy.parser), 273
overlay_color (kivy.uix.modalview.ModalView parse_filename() (in module kivy.parser), 273
attribute), 645 parse_float (in module kivy.parser), 273
overscroll (kivy.effects.scroll.ScrollEffect at- parse_float4() (in module kivy.parser), 273
tribute), 344 parse_gesture() (kivy.multistroke.Recognizer
ox (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 437 method), 271
ox (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute), parse_int (in module kivy.parser), 273
457 parse_int2() (in module kivy.parser), 273
oy (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 437 parse_kivy_version() (in module kivy), 188
oy (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute), parse_level() (kivy.lang.Parser method), 478
457 parse_level() (kivy.lang.parser.Parser method),
oz (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 437 482
oz (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute), parse_string() (in module kivy.parser), 274
457 Parser (class in kivy.lang), 478
Parser (class in kivy.lang.parser), 482
P ParserException, 478, 482
pack_width (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionItem at- PASS (kivy.base.ExceptionManagerBase attribute),
tribute), 570 258
padding (kivy.uix.anchorlayout.AnchorLayout at- password (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute),
tribute), 574 731
padding (kivy.uix.boxlayout.BoxLayout attribute), password_mask (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput at-
576 tribute), 731
padding (kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout attribute), paste() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), 731
622 path (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController at-
padding (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 636 tribute), 611
padding (kivy.uix.slider.Slider attribute), 701 path (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserProgressBase at-
812
pause() (kivy.core.video.VideoBase method), 318 PopMatrix (class in kivy.graphics), 372
pause() (kivy.loader.LoaderBase method), 212 PopMatrix (class in
permute() (kivy.multistroke.MultistrokeGesture kivy.graphics.context_instructions), 385
method), 268 PopState (class in kivy.graphics), 372
perspective() (kivy.graphics.transformation.MatrixPopup (class in kivy.uix.popup), 648
method), 421 popup (kivy.uix.settings.SettingOptions attribute),
pgmove_speed (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput prop- 696
erty), 731 popup (kivy.uix.settings.SettingPath attribute), 696
pick() (kivy.modules.console.Console method), 491 popup (kivy.uix.settings.SettingString attribute), 697
pitch (kivy.core.audio.Sound attribute), 300 PopupException, 650
_
pixel size (kivy.uix.effectwidget.PixelateEffect at- pos (kivy.graphics.Rectangle attribute), 373
tribute), 602 pos (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Rectangle at-
PixelateEffect (class in kivy.uix.effectwidget), tribute), 433
602 pos (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 437
pixels (kivy.graphics.Fbo attribute), 364 pos (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute),
pixels (kivy.graphics.fbo.Fbo attribute), 390 457
pixels (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture attribute), 419 pos (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 763
pixels (kivy.graphics.texture.TextureRegion at- pos_hint (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 763
tribute), 420 position (kivy.core.video.VideoBase property), 318
platform (in module kivy.utils), 292 position (kivy.uix.video.Video attribute), 742
play (kivy.input.recorder.Recorder attribute), 452 position (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer at-
play (kivy.uix.camera.Camera attribute), 583 tribute), 747
play (kivy.uix.video.Video attribute), 742 post_dispatch_input()
play (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer attribute), 747 (kivy.base.EventLoopBase method), 257
play() (kivy.core.audio.Sound method), 300 post_idle() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior
play() (kivy.core.video.VideoBase method), 318 method), 226
Point (class in kivy.graphics), 371 ppos (kivy.input.MotionEvent property), 438
Point (class in kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions), ppos (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent prop-
432 erty), 457
points (kivy.graphics.Bezier attribute), 357 pre_idle() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior method),
points (kivy.graphics.Line attribute), 369 226
points (kivy.graphics.Point attribute), 372 preload() (kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument method), 661
points (kivy.graphics.Quad attribute), 373 premultiplied_texture()
points (kivy.graphics.Triangle attribute), 376 (kivy.graphics.SmoothLine method), 375
points (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Bezier at- premultiplied_texture()
tribute), 424 (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.SmoothLine
points (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line at- method), 433
tribute), 430 prepare() (kivy.multistroke.Candidate method),
points (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Point at- 266
tribute), 432 prepare() (kivy.multistroke.UnistrokeTemplate
points (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Quad at- method), 273
tribute), 432 prepare_templates()
points (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Triangle (kivy.multistroke.Recognizer method),
attribute), 434 271
points_distance() (kivy.gesture.GestureStroke prev (kivy.clock.ClockEvent attribute), 228
method), 253 preview (kivy.uix.video.Video attribute), 742
pointsize (kivy.graphics.Point attribute), 372 previous() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager
pointsize (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Point method), 678
attribute), 432 previous_image (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionPrevious
pop() (kivy.context.Context method), 241 attribute), 571
pop() (kivy.graphics.scissor_instructions.ScissorStack previous_image_height
method), 405 (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionPrevious at-
pop() (kivy.input.MotionEvent method), 437 tribute), 571
pop() (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent previous_image_width
813
(kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionPrevious at- PushState (class in kivy.graphics), 372
tribute), 571 put() (kivy.storage.AbstractStore method), 506
previous_slide (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel at- px (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 438
tribute), 587 px (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute),
_
print usage() (kivy.cache.Cache static method), 457
217 py (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 438
profile (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 438 py (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute),
profile (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent at- 458
tribute), 457 PY2 (in module kivy.compat), 234
progress (kivy.multistroke.ProgressTracker prop- pz (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 438
erty), 269 pz (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute),
_
progress cls (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController 458
attribute), 611
ProgressBar (class in kivy.uix.progressbar), 650 Q
ProgressTracker (class in kivy.multistroke), 268 Quad (class in kivy.graphics), 373
project() (kivy.graphics.transformation.Matrix Quad (class in kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions), 432
method), 421 QueryDict (class in kivy.lib.ddsfile), 484
properties() (kivy.event.EventDispatcher QueryDict (class in kivy.utils), 290
method), 247
Property (class in kivy.properties), 286
R
property() (kivy.event.EventDispatcher method), r (kivy.graphics.ClearColor attribute), 361
247 r (kivy.graphics.Color attribute), 362
property() (kivy.uix.behaviors.knspace.KNSpace r (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Color attribute),
method), 544 385
proxy_ref (kivy.event.EventDispatcher attribute), r (kivy.graphics.gl_instructions.ClearColor attribute),
247 391
_
proxy ref (kivy.graphics.Instruction attribute), 365 r (kivy.uix.colorpicker.ColorWheel attribute), 594
_
proxy ref (kivy.graphics.instructions.Instruction radius (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.RoundedRectangle
_
proxy ref (kivy.uix.widget.Widget property), 764 RAISE (kivy.base.ExceptionManagerBase attribute),
ProxyImage (class in kivy.loader), 213 258
psx (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 438 raise_window() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
psx (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute), method), 331
457 range (kivy.uix.slider.Slider attribute), 701
psy (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 438 read() (kivy.config.ConfigParser method), 240
psy (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute), read _ pixel() (kivy.core.image.Image method), 305
457 readonly (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute),
psz (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 438 731
psz (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute), rebind (kivy.properties.AliasProperty attribute), 279
457 rebind (kivy.properties.DictProperty attribute), 283
pt (kivy.metrics.MetricsBase attribute), 263 rebind (kivy.properties.ObjectProperty attribute),
pt() (in module kivy.metrics), 264 285
push() (kivy.graphics.scissor_instructions.ScissorStack recognize() (kivy.multistroke.Recognizer method),
method), 405 271
push() (kivy.input.MotionEvent method), 438 Recognizer (class in kivy.multistroke), 269
push() (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent record (kivy.input.recorder.Recorder attribute), 452
method), 457 record_attrs (kivy.input.recorder.Recorder
push_attrs_stack (kivy.input.MotionEvent at- attribute), 452
tribute), 438 record_profile_mask
push_attrs_stack (kivy.input.recorder.Recorder attribute),
(kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent 453
attribute), 457 Recorder (class in kivy.input.recorder), 452
PushMatrix (class in kivy.graphics), 372 Rect (class in kivy.graphics.scissor_instructions), 405
PushMatrix (class in Rectangle (class in kivy.graphics), 373
kivy.graphics.context_instructions), 385 Rectangle (class in
kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions), 433
814
rectangle (kivy.graphics.Line attribute), 369 method), 561
rectangle (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line refresh_view_attrs()
attribute), 430 (kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleKVIDsDataViewBehavior
RecycleBoxLayout (class in method), 562
kivy.uix.recycleboxlayout), 651 refresh_view_layout()
RecycleDataAdapter (class in (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
kivy.uix.recycleview.views), 559 method), 654
RecycleDataModel (class in refresh_view_layout()
kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel), 555 (kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior
RecycleDataModelBehavior (class in method), 559
kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel), 555 refresh_view_layout()
RecycleDataViewBehavior (class in (kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataAdapter
kivy.uix.recycleview.views), 561 method), 560
RecycleGridLayout (class in refresh_view_layout()
kivy.uix.recyclegridlayout), 651 (kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataViewBehavior
RecycleKVIDsDataViewBehavior (class in method), 561
kivy.uix.recycleview.views), 561 refs (kivy.core.text.markup.MarkupLabel property),
RecycleLayout (class in kivy.uix.recyclelayout), 317
652 refs (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 636
RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior (class in register() (kivy.cache.Cache static method), 217
kivy.uix.recycleview.layout), 558 register() (kivy.core.audio.SoundLoader static
RecycleView (class in kivy.uix.recycleview), 553 method), 301
recycleview (kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel.RecycleDataModelBehavior
register() (kivy.core.text.LabelBase static
recycleview (kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataAdapter
register() (kivy.input.factory.MotionEventFactory
attribute), 560 static method), 459
RecycleViewBehavior (class in register() (kivy.input.MotionEventFactory static
kivy.uix.recycleview), 554 method), 439
RedisStore (class in kivy.storage.redisstore), 507 register() (kivy.input.providers.tuio.TuioMotionEventProvider
reference_size (kivy.uix.behaviors.cover.CoverBehavior static method), 450
attribute), 533 register_context() (in module kivy.context),
reference_size (kivy.uix.behaviors.CoverBehavior 241
attribute), 517 register_event_manager()
ReferenceListProperty (class in (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method),
kivy.properties), 288 331
refresh() (kivy.core.text.LabelBase method), 312 register_event_type()
refresh() (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard method), (kivy.event.EventDispatcher method),
753 247
refresh_fbo_setup() register_for_motion_event()
(kivy.uix.effectwidget.EffectWidget method), (kivy.uix.widget.Widget method), 764
602 register_type() (kivy.uix.settings.Settings
_ _
refresh from data() method), 698
(kivy.uix.recycleview.RecycleViewBehavior reify (class in kivy.utils), 292
method), 554 RelativeLayout (class in kivy.uix.relativelayout),
refresh_from_layout() 658
(kivy.uix.recycleview.RecycleViewBehavior release() (kivy.clock.ClockEvent method), 228
method), 554 release() (kivy.core.window.Keyboard method),
refresh_from_viewport() 320
(kivy.uix.recycleview.RecycleViewBehavior release() (kivy.graphics.Fbo method), 364
method), 554 release() (kivy.graphics.fbo.Fbo method), 390
refresh_view_attrs() release_all_keyboards()
(kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataAdapter (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method),
method), 560 331
refresh_view_attrs() release_keyboard()
(kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataViewBehavior (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method),
815
331 492
release_ref (kivy.clock.ClockEvent attribute), 228 remove_widget() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
reload() (kivy.graphics.context.Context method), method), 332
387 remove_widget() (kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem
reload() (kivy.uix.image.Image method), 625 method), 566
remove() (kivy.cache.Cache static method), 218 remove_widget() (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionView
remove() (kivy.graphics.Canvas method), 360 method), 572
remove() (kivy.graphics.InstructionGroup method), remove_widget() (kivy.uix.boxlayout.BoxLayout
365 method), 576
remove() (kivy.graphics.instructions.Canvas remove_widget() (kivy.uix.bubble.Bubble
remove() (kivy.graphics.instructions.InstructionGroupremove_widget() (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel
remove_android_splash() remove_widget() (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown
(kivy.base.EventLoopBase method), 257 method), 598
remove_callback() (kivy.config.ConfigParser remove_widget() (kivy.uix.effectwidget.EffectWidget
remove_event_listener() remove_widget() (kivy.uix.floatlayout.FloatLayout
_ _
remove from cache() (kivy.core.image.Image remove widget() _ (kivy.uix.layout.Layout
remove_from_cache() remove_widget() (kivy.uix.recycleview.RecycleView
(kivy.uix.image.AsyncImage method), method), 554
624 remove_widget() (kivy.uix.sandbox.Sandbox
remove_from_cache() (kivy.uix.image.Image method), 664
method), 625 remove_widget() (kivy.uix.scatterlayout.ScatterLayout
_
remove group() (kivy.graphics.InstructionGroup method), 671
method), 365 remove_widget() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager
remove_group() (kivy.graphics.instructions.InstructionGroup method), 678
method), 380 remove_widget() (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView
remove_handler() method), 686
(kivy.base.ExceptionManagerBase method), remove_widget() (kivy.uix.settings.ContentPanel
258 method), 692
_ _
remove input provider() _
remove widget() (kivy.uix.splitter.Splitter
remove_node() (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView remove_widget() (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel
remove_postproc_module() remove_widget() (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanelItem
remove_reload_observer() remove_widget() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget
(kivy.graphics.context.Context method), method), 764
388 render() (kivy.core.text.LabelBase method), 312
remove_reload_observer() (kivy.graphics.Fbo render() (kivy.core.text.markup.MarkupLabel
remove_reload_observer() render() (kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument method), 661
(kivy.graphics.fbo.Fbo method), 390 RenderContext (class in kivy.graphics), 373
remove_reload_observer() RenderContext (class in
(kivy.graphics.texture.Texture method), kivy.graphics.instructions), 380
419 replace_crlf (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput
_
remove screen() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ShaderTransition attribute), 732
method), 680 req_body (kivy.network.urlrequest.UrlRequest at-
_
remove screen() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.TransitionBase tribute), 501
method), 681 req_headers (kivy.network.urlrequest.UrlRequest
remove_toolbar_widget() attribute), 501
(kivy.modules.console.Console method), request_keyboard()
816
(kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), (kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple.TouchRippleBehavior
332 attribute), 547
require() (in module kivy), 188 ripple_duration_in
rescale_with_parent (kivy.uix.splitter.Splitter (kivy.uix.behaviors.TouchRippleBehavior
reset() (kivy.effects.scroll.ScrollEffect method), 344 ripple_duration_out
reset_context (kivy.graphics.Callback attribute), (kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple.TouchRippleBehavior
359 attribute), 547
reset_context (kivy.graphics.instructions.Callback ripple_duration_out
attribute), 378 (kivy.uix.behaviors.TouchRippleBehavior
reset_dpi() (kivy.metrics.MetricsBase method), attribute), 523
263 _
ripple fade() (kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple.TouchRippleBehavior
reset_metrics() (kivy.metrics.MetricsBase method), 547
method), 263 ripple_fade() (kivy.uix.behaviors.TouchRippleBehavior
reset_undo() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), 523
method), 732 ripple_fade_from_alpha
resolution (kivy.core.camera.CameraBase prop- (kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple.TouchRippleBehavior
erty), 302 attribute), 548
resolution (kivy.uix.camera.Camera attribute), ripple_fade_from_alpha
584 (kivy.uix.behaviors.TouchRippleBehavior
resolve_path() (kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument attribute), 523
method), 661 ripple_fade_to_alpha
resource_add_path() (in module (kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple.TouchRippleBehavior
kivy.resources), 289 attribute), 548
resource_find() (in module kivy.resources), 289 ripple_fade_to_alpha
resource_remove_path() (in module (kivy.uix.behaviors.TouchRippleBehavior
kivy.resources), 289 attribute), 523
resp_headers (kivy.network.urlrequest.UrlRequest ripple_func_in (kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple.TouchRippleBehavio
resp_status (kivy.network.urlrequest.UrlRequest ripple_func_in (kivy.uix.behaviors.TouchRippleBehavior
restore() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), ripple_func_out (kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple.TouchRippleBehav
332 attribute), 548
result (kivy.network.urlrequest.UrlRequest prop- ripple func_out (kivy.uix.behaviors.TouchRippleBehavior
_
erty), 502 attribute), 523
resume() (kivy.loader.LoaderBase method), 213 ripple_rad_default
rgb (kivy.graphics.ClearColor attribute), 361 (kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple.TouchRippleBehavior
rgb (kivy.graphics.Color attribute), 362 attribute), 548
rgb (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Color at- ripple_rad_default
tribute), 385 (kivy.uix.behaviors.TouchRippleBehavior
rgb (kivy.graphics.gl_instructions.ClearColor at- attribute), 523
tribute), 391 ripple_scale (kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple.TouchRippleBehavior
rgba (kivy.graphics.ClearColor attribute), 361 attribute), 548
rgba (kivy.graphics.Color attribute), 362 ripple_scale (kivy.uix.behaviors.TouchRippleBehavior
rgba (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Color attribute), 524
attribute), 385 ripple_show() (kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple.TouchRippleBehavior
rgba (kivy.graphics.gl_instructions.ClearColor method), 548
attribute), 391 ripple_show() (kivy.uix.behaviors.TouchRippleBehavior
rgba() (in module kivy.utils), 292 method), 524
right (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 764 RiseInTransition (class in
right_count (kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelectionBehavior
kivy.uix.screenmanager), 675
attribute), 530 root (kivy.app.App attribute), 209
right_count (kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior
root (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView attribute), 738
attribute), 515 root_options (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView at-
ripple_duration_in tribute), 739
817
root_window (kivy.app.App property), 209 Scale (class in kivy.graphics.context_instructions),
rootpath (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController 386
attribute), 611 scale (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Scale at-
Rotate (class in kivy.graphics), 374 tribute), 386
Rotate (class in kivy.graphics.context_instructions), scale (kivy.graphics.Scale attribute), 374
385 scale (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter attribute), 668
rotate() (kivy.graphics.transformation.Matrix scale() (kivy.graphics.transformation.Matrix
rotate() (kivy.vector.Vector method), 296 scale_for_screen() (kivy.input.MotionEvent
rotation (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), method), 438
332 scale_for_screen()
rotation (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter attribute), 668 (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent
round_value (kivy.effects.dampedscroll.DampedScrollEffect method), 458
attribute), 341 scale_max (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter attribute), 668
rounded_rectangle (kivy.graphics.Line at- scale_min (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter attribute), 668
tribute), 370 scale_stroke() (kivy.gesture.GestureStroke
rounded_rectangle method), 253
(kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line ScanlinesEffect (class in kivy.uix.effectwidget),
attribute), 430 603
RoundedRectangle (class in Scatter (class in kivy.uix.scatter), 666
kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions), 433 ScatterLayout (class in kivy.uix.scatterlayout),
row_default_height 670
(kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout attribute), ScatterPlane (class in kivy.uix.scatter), 669
622 ScatterPlaneLayout (class in
row_force_default kivy.uix.scatterlayout), 671
(kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout attribute), schedule_del_safe() (kivy.clock.CyClockBase
622 method), 231
rowlength (kivy.core.image.ImageData property), schedule_interval() (kivy.clock.CyClockBase
307 method), 231
rows (kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout attribute), 622 schedule_interval()
rows_minimum (kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout at- (kivy.clock.CyClockBaseFree method),
tribute), 622 233
RstDocument (class in kivy.uix.rst), 660 schedule_interval_free()
run() (kivy.app.App method), 209 (kivy.clock.CyClockBaseFree method),
run() (kivy.base.EventLoopBase method), 257 233
run() (kivy.loader.LoaderBase method), 213 schedule_lifecycle_aware_del_safe()
run() (kivy.network.urlrequest.UrlRequest method), (kivy.clock.CyClockBase method), 231
502 schedule_once() (kivy.clock.CyClockBase
runTouchApp() (in module kivy.app), 210 method), 231
runTouchApp() (in module kivy.base), 258 schedule_once() (kivy.clock.CyClockBaseFree
method), 233
S schedule_once_free()
s (kivy.graphics.Color attribute), 362 (kivy.clock.CyClockBaseFree method),
s (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Color attribute), 233
385 ScissorPop (class in
safeIn() (kivy.interactive.SafeMembrane method), kivy.graphics.scissor_instructions), 405
256 ScissorPush (class in
SafeList (class in kivy.utils), 290 kivy.graphics.scissor_instructions), 405
SafeMembrane (class in kivy.interactive), 255 ScissorStack (class in
safeOut() (kivy.interactive.SafeMembrane kivy.graphics.scissor_instructions), 405
method), 256 Screen (class in kivy.uix.screenmanager), 676
Sandbox (class in kivy.uix.sandbox), 663 screen_in (kivy.uix.screenmanager.TransitionBase
save() (kivy.core.image.Image method), 306 attribute), 681
save() (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture method), 419 screen _ names (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager
Scale (class in kivy.graphics), 374 attribute), 678
818
screen_out (kivy.uix.screenmanager.TransitionBase segments (kivy.graphics.Bezier attribute), 357
attribute), 681 segments (kivy.graphics.Ellipse attribute), 363
ScreenManager (class in kivy.uix.screenmanager), segments (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Bezier
676 attribute), 424
ScreenManagerException, 679 segments (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Ellipse
screens (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager at- attribute), 426
tribute), 678 segments (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.RoundedRectangle
screenshot() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), 433
method), 333 select() (kivy.uix.dropdown.DropDown method),
scroll (kivy.effects.scroll.ScrollEffect attribute), 344 598
scroll_count (kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelectionBehavior
select_all() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput
scroll_count (kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehaviorselect_language()
attribute), 515 (kivy.core.spelling.SpellingBase method),
scroll_distance (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel at- 308
tribute), 588 select_node() (kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSel
scroll_distance (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView method), 530
attribute), 686 select_node() (kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior
scroll_distance (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), 515
attribute), 732 _
select node() (kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.LayoutSelectionBehavior
scroll_from_swipe method), 558
(kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute), select_node() (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView
732 method), 739
scroll_timeout (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel at- select_text() (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput
scroll_timeout (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView select_with_key_down()
attribute), 686 (kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelectionBeha
scroll_timeout (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput at- method), 530
tribute), 732 select_with_key_down()
scroll_to() (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView (kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior
scroll_type (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView select_with_key_up()
attribute), 687 (kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelectionBeha
_ _
scroll wheel distance method), 530
(kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView attribute), select_with_key_up()
687 (kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior
scroll_x (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView attribute), method), 516
687 select_with_touch()
scroll_x (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute), (kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelectionBeha
732 method), 531
_
scroll y (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView attribute), select with_touch()
_
687 (kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior
scroll_y (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute), method), 516
732 selected_alpha (kivy.uix.settings.SettingItem at-
ScrollEffect (class in kivy.effects.scroll), 344 tribute), 695
ScrollView (class in kivy.uix.scrollview), 683 selected_node (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView at-
section (kivy.uix.settings.SettingItem attribute), tribute), 739
695 selected_nodes (kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundS
seek() (kivy.core.audio.Sound method), 300 attribute), 531
seek() (kivy.core.video.VideoBase method), 318 selected_nodes (kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior
seek() (kivy.uix.video.Video method), 742 attribute), 516
seek() (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer method), selected_uid (kivy.uix.settings.MenuSidebar at-
747 tribute), 693
segment_intersection() (kivy.vector.Vector selection (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController
static method), 296 attribute), 611
819
selection_color (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput method), 334
attribute), 733 set_tree() (kivy.graphics.svg.Svg method), 410
selection_from (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput at- set_visible_views()
tribute), 733 (kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout
selection_text (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput at- method), 654
tribute), 733 set_visible_views()
selection_to (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput (kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior
sensitivity (kivy.uix.slider.Slider attribute), 702 set_visible_views()
separator_color (kivy.uix.popup.Popup at- (kivy.uix.recycleview.views.RecycleDataAdapter
separator_height (kivy.uix.popup.Popup at- set vkeyboard_class()
_
tribute), 649 (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method),
separator_image (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionGroup 334
attribute), 569 set_window() (kivy.base.EventLoopBase method),
separator_width (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionGroup 257
attribute), 569 setall() (kivy.config.ConfigParser method), 240
set() (kivy.config.ConfigParser method), 240 setdefault() (kivy.config.ConfigParser method),
set() (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Rotate 240
method), 386 setdefaults() (kivy.config.ConfigParser method),
set() (kivy.graphics.Rotate method), 374 240
set() (kivy.graphics.transformation.Matrix method), setitem() (kivy.properties.ReferenceListProperty
422 method), 288
set() (kivy.properties.AliasProperty method), 279 setter() (kivy.event.EventDispatcher method), 248
set() (kivy.properties.ConfigParserProperty SettingBoolean (class in kivy.uix.settings), 694
method), 283 SettingItem (class in kivy.uix.settings), 694
set() (kivy.properties.DictProperty method), 283 SettingNumeric (class in kivy.uix.settings), 696
set() (kivy.properties.ListProperty method), 284 SettingOptions (class in kivy.uix.settings), 696
set() (kivy.properties.Property method), 287 SettingPath (class in kivy.uix.settings), 696
set() (kivy.properties.ReferenceListProperty Settings (class in kivy.uix.settings), 697
method), 288 settings (kivy.uix.settings.SettingsPanel at-
set_config() (kivy.properties.ConfigParserProperty tribute), 698
method), 283 settings_cls (kivy.app.App attribute), 209
_
set content() (kivy.modules.console.Console SettingsPanel (class in kivy.uix.settings), 698
method), 492 SettingString (class in kivy.uix.settings), 696
set_custom_titlebar() SettingsWithNoMenu (class in kivy.uix.settings),
(kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), 698
333 SettingsWithSidebar (class in
set_fbo_shader() kivy.uix.settings), 698
(kivy.uix.effectwidget.AdvancedEffectBase SettingsWithSpinner (class in
method), 600 kivy.uix.settings), 698
set_fbo_shader() SettingsWithTabbedPanel (class in
(kivy.uix.effectwidget.EffectBase method), kivy.uix.settings), 699
601 SettingTitle (class in kivy.uix.settings), 697
set_icon() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase setup_mode() (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard
set_max() (kivy.properties.BoundedNumericProperty setup_mode_dock()
method), 280 (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard method),
_
set min() (kivy.properties.BoundedNumericProperty 753
method), 280 setup_mode_free()
set_name() (kivy.properties.Property method), 287 (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard method),
set_system_cursor() 753
(kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), Shader (class in kivy.graphics.shader), 406
333 shader (kivy.graphics.instructions.RenderContext
set_title() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), 381
820
shader (kivy.graphics.RenderContext attribute), 373 size (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 764
ShaderTransition (class in size_hint (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 764
kivy.uix.screenmanager), 679 size_hint_max (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute),
Shape (class in kivy.input.shape), 460 765
shape (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 438 size hint_max_x (kivy.uix.widget.Widget at-
_
shape (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute), 765
tribute), 458 size_hint_max_y (kivy.uix.widget.Widget at-
shape_color_key (kivy.core.window.WindowBase tribute), 765
attribute), 334 size_hint_min (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute),
shape_cutoff (kivy.core.window.WindowBase at- 765
tribute), 334 size_hint_min_x (kivy.uix.widget.Widget at-
shape_image (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), 765
tribute), 334 size_hint_min_y (kivy.uix.widget.Widget at-
shape_mode (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), 765
tribute), 335 size_hint_x (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute),
shaped (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), 766
335 size_hint_y (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute),
ShapeRect (class in kivy.input.shape), 460 766
shorten (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 636 Slider (class in kivy.uix.slider), 699
shorten() (kivy.core.text.LabelBase method), 312 slides (kivy.uix.carousel.Carousel attribute), 588
shorten_from (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 637 SlideTransition (class in
shorten_post() (kivy.core.text.markup.MarkupLabel kivy.uix.screenmanager), 680
method), 317 smooth_scroll_end
show() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), 335 (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView attribute),
show_arrow (kivy.uix.bubble.Bubble attribute), 581 687
show_cursor (kivy.core.window.WindowBase at- SmoothLine (class in kivy.graphics), 375
tribute), 335 SmoothLine (class in
show_errors (kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument attribute), kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions), 433
661 softinput_mode (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
_
show hidden (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController attribute), 336
attribute), 611 sort_func (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserController
show_hidden (kivy.uix.settings.SettingPath at- attribute), 611
tribute), 696 Sound (class in kivy.core.audio), 300
show_keyboard() (kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehaviorSoundLoader (class in kivy.core.audio), 301
method), 539 source (kivy.core.audio.Sound attribute), 301
show_keyboard() (kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior source (kivy.core.image.ImageData attribute), 307
method), 521 source (kivy.graphics.BindTexture attribute), 357
single_points_test() source (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.BindTexture
(kivy.uix.gesturesurface.GestureContainer attribute), 383
method), 616 source (kivy.graphics.instructions.VertexInstruction
sizable_from (kivy.uix.splitter.Splitter attribute), attribute), 381
707 source (kivy.graphics.shader.Shader attribute), 407
size (kivy.core.image.Image property), 306 source (kivy.graphics.svg.Svg attribute), 410
size (kivy.core.image.ImageData property), 307 source (kivy.graphics.VertexInstruction attribute),
size (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), 335 376
size (kivy.graphics.Fbo attribute), 364 source (kivy.uix.effectwidget.EffectBase attribute),
size (kivy.graphics.fbo.Fbo attribute), 390 601
size (kivy.graphics.Rectangle attribute), 373 source (kivy.uix.image.Image attribute), 625
size (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture attribute), 419 source (kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument attribute), 662
size (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Rectangle at- source (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer attribute),
tribute), 433 748
size (kivy.uix.effectwidget.HorizontalBlurEffect at- source_encoding (kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument at-
size (kivy.uix.effectwidget.VerticalBlurEffect at- source_error (kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument at-
821
source_stack (kivy.graphics.ApplyContextMatrix start() (kivy.input.providers.tuio.TuioMotionEventProvider
sp (kivy.metrics.MetricsBase attribute), 263 start() (kivy.loader.LoaderBase method), 213
sp() (in module kivy.metrics), 264 start() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.CardTransition
spacing (kivy.uix.boxlayout.BoxLayout attribute), method), 675
577 start() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.SwapTransition
spacing (kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout attribute), method), 680
623 start() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.TransitionBase
spacing (kivy.uix.stacklayout.StackLayout at- method), 681
tribute), 710 start_clock() (kivy.clock.CyClockBase method),
SpellingBase (class in kivy.core.spelling), 308 232
Spinner (class in kivy.uix.spinner), 704 state (kivy.core.audio.Sound attribute), 301
SpinnerOption (class in kivy.uix.spinner), 705 state (kivy.core.video.VideoBase property), 318
split_str (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 637 state (kivy.uix.behaviors.button.ButtonBehavior at-
Splitter (class in kivy.uix.splitter), 706 tribute), 525
spos (kivy.input.MotionEvent property), 438 state (kivy.uix.behaviors.ButtonBehavior attribute),
spos (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent prop- 513
erty), 458 state (kivy.uix.video.Video attribute), 743
spring_constant (kivy.effects.dampedscroll.DampedScrollEffect
state (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer attribute),
attribute), 341 748
stack (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.MatrixInstruction
status (kivy.core.audio.Sound attribute), 301
attribute), 385 std_dt (kivy.effects.kinetic.KineticEffect attribute),
stack (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.PopMatrix 343
attribute), 385 StencilPop (class in kivy.graphics), 375
stack (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.PushMatrix StencilPop (class in
attribute), 385 kivy.graphics.stencil_instructions), 408
stack (kivy.graphics.LoadIdentity attribute), 370 StencilPush (class in kivy.graphics), 375
stack (kivy.graphics.MatrixInstruction attribute), StencilPush (class in
370 kivy.graphics.stencil_instructions), 409
stack (kivy.graphics.PopMatrix attribute), 372 StencilUnUse (class in kivy.graphics), 375
stack (kivy.graphics.PushMatrix attribute), 372 StencilUnUse (class in
StackLayout (class in kivy.uix.stacklayout), 709 kivy.graphics.stencil_instructions), 409
start (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayerAnnotation StencilUse (class in kivy.graphics), 375
attribute), 748 StencilUse (class in
start() (in module kivy.modules.console), 492 kivy.graphics.stencil_instructions), 409
start() (kivy.animation.Animation method), 191 StencilView (class in kivy.uix.stencilview), 710
start() (kivy.base.EventLoopBase method), 257 step (kivy.uix.slider.Slider attribute), 702
start() (kivy.core.camera.CameraBase method), 302 stop() (in module kivy.modules.console), 492
start() (kivy.effects.kinetic.KineticEffect method), stop() (in module kivy.modules.inspector), 493
343 stop() (in module kivy.modules.joycursor), 495
start() (kivy.effects.scroll.ScrollEffect method), 345 stop() (kivy.animation.Animation method), 191
start() (kivy.eventmanager.EventManagerBase stop() (kivy.app.App method), 209
method), 349 stop() (kivy.base.EventLoopBase method), 257
start() (kivy.input.MotionEventProvider method), stop() (kivy.core.audio.Sound method), 301
440 stop() (kivy.core.camera.CameraBase method), 302
start() (kivy.input.provider.MotionEventProvider stop() (kivy.core.video.VideoBase method), 318
method), 459 stop() (kivy.effects.kinetic.KineticEffect method),
start() (kivy.input.providers.androidjoystick.AndroidMotionEventProvider
343
method), 443 stop() (kivy.effects.scroll.ScrollEffect method), 345
start() (kivy.input.providers.leapfinger.LeapFingerEventProvider
stop() (kivy.eventmanager.EventManagerBase
start() (kivy.input.providers.mactouch.MacMotionEventProvider
stop() (kivy.input.MotionEventProvider method),
method), 448 440
start() (kivy.input.providers.mouse.MouseMotionEventProvider
stop() (kivy.input.provider.MotionEventProvider
822
swipe_threshold (kivy.uix.pagelayout.PageLayout
stop() (kivy.input.providers.androidjoystick.AndroidMotionEventProvider
stop() (kivy.input.providers.mactouch.MacMotionEventProvider
Switch (class in kivy.uix.switch), 711
method), 448 switch_to() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager
stop() (kivy.input.providers.mouse.MouseMotionEventProvider method), 678
method), 446 switch_to() (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel
stop() (kivy.input.providers.tuio.TuioMotionEventProvider method), 718
method), 450 sx (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 438
stop() (kivy.loader.LoaderBase method), 213 sx (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute),
stop() (kivy.multistroke.ProgressTracker method), 458
269 sy (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 438
stop() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ShaderTransition sy (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute),
method), 680 458
stop() (kivy.uix.screenmanager.TransitionBase sync() (kivy.lang.builder.BuilderBase method), 480
method), 681 sync() (kivy.lang.BuilderBase method), 476
stop_all() (kivy.animation.Animation static sync_height (kivy.uix.spinner.Spinner attribute),
method), 191 705
stop_clock() (kivy.clock.CyClockBase method), sync_with_dispatch (kivy.input.MotionEvent
232 attribute), 438
_
stop property() (kivy.animation.Animation sync with_dispatch
_
method), 191 (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent
stopTouchApp() (in module kivy.app), 211 attribute), 458
stopTouchApp() (in module kivy.base), 259 system_size (kivy.core.window.WindowBase at-
str_to_gesture() (kivy.gesture.GestureDatabase tribute), 336
method), 252 sz (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 438
strikethrough (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 637 sz (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute),
string_to_keycode() 458
(kivy.core.window.Keyboard method),
320 T
_
string types (in module kivy.compat), 234 tab_height (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel at-
StringProperty (class in kivy.properties), 288 tribute), 718
strip (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 637 tab_list (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel at-
strip_border (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel tribute), 718
attribute), 718 _
tab pos (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel at-
strip_cls (kivy.uix.splitter.Splitter attribute), 708 tribute), 718
strip_comments() (kivy.lang.Parser method), 478 tab_width (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel at-
strip_comments() (kivy.lang.parser.Parser tribute), 718
method), 482 tab_width (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute),
strip_image (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanel at- 733
tribute), 718 tabbed_panel (kivy.uix.tabbedpanel.TabbedPanelStrip
strip_size (kivy.uix.splitter.Splitter attribute), attribute), 720
708 TabbedPanel (class in kivy.uix.tabbedpanel), 715
StripLayout (class in kivy.uix.tabbedpanel), 715 TabbedPanelContent (class in
stroke_length() (kivy.gesture.GestureStroke kivy.uix.tabbedpanel), 718
method), 253 TabbedPanelException, 718
strtotuple() (in module kivy.utils), 292 TabbedPanelHeader (class in
style (kivy.uix.codeinput.CodeInput attribute), 591 kivy.uix.tabbedpanel), 718
style_name (kivy.uix.codeinput.CodeInput at- TabbedPanelItem (class in kivy.uix.tabbedpanel),
tribute), 591 719
success (kivy.graphics.shader.Shader attribute), 407 TabbedPanelStrip (class in kivy.uix.tabbedpanel),
suggest() (kivy.core.spelling.SpellingBase method), 720
308 target (kivy.core.window.Keyboard attribute), 320
Svg (class in kivy.graphics.svg), 409 target (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture attribute), 419
SwapTransition (class in target (kivy.uix.vkeyboard.VKeyboard attribute),
kivy.uix.screenmanager), 680 753
823
target_stack (kivy.graphics.ApplyContextMatrix tribute), 602
attribute), 356 texture (kivy.uix.image.Image attribute), 626
target_widget (kivy.effects.scroll.ScrollEffect at- texture (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 638
tribute), 345 texture_size (kivy.uix.image.Image attribute),
template() (kivy.lang.builder.BuilderBase method), 626
480 texture_size (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 638
template() (kivy.lang.BuilderBase method), 476 texture_update() (kivy.uix.label.Label method),
tesselate() (kivy.graphics.tesselator.Tesselator 638
method), 412 TextureRegion (class in kivy.graphics.texture),
Tesselator (class in kivy.graphics.tesselator), 411 419
tex_coords (kivy.graphics.instructions.VertexInstruction textures (kivy.atlas.Atlas attribute), 216
attribute), 382 thumbnail (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer at-
tex_coords (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture attribute), 748
tribute), 419 tick() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior method), 226
tex_coords (kivy.graphics.VertexInstruction tick() (kivy.clock.ClockEvent method), 228
attribute), 377 tick_draw() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior
text (kivy.core.text.LabelBase property), 312 method), 226
text (kivy.core.text.text_layout.LayoutWord at- time() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior static method),
tribute), 314 226
text (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 637 _
time end (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 439
text (kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument attribute), 662 time_end (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent at-
text (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute), 733 tribute), 458
text_autoupdate (kivy.uix.spinner.Spinner at- time_start (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute),
tribute), 705 439
text_entry_timeout time_start (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent
attribute), 458
attribute), 531 _
time update (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute),
text_entry_timeout 439
(kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehaviortime_update (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent
text_language (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 637 timeout (kivy.clock.ClockEvent attribute), 228
text_language (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput at- timeval (class in kivy.lib.mtdev), 485
tribute), 733 title (kivy.app.App attribute), 209
_
text size (kivy.core.text.LabelBase property), 312 title (kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem attribute),
text_size (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 638 566
text_validate_unfocus title (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionPrevious attribute),
(kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute), 571
734 title (kivy.uix.popup.Popup attribute), 649
TextInput (class in kivy.uix.textinput), 723 title (kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument attribute), 662
textinput (kivy.uix.settings.SettingPath attribute), title (kivy.uix.settings.SettingItem attribute), 695
696 title (kivy.uix.settings.SettingsPanel attribute), 698
textinput (kivy.uix.settings.SettingString at- title_align (kivy.uix.popup.Popup attribute), 649
tribute), 697 title_args (kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem at-
Texture (class in kivy.graphics.texture), 416 tribute), 566
texture (kivy.core.camera.CameraBase property), title_color (kivy.uix.popup.Popup attribute), 649
302 title_font (kivy.uix.popup.Popup attribute), 650
texture (kivy.core.image.Image property), 306 title_size (kivy.uix.popup.Popup attribute), 650
texture (kivy.core.video.VideoBase property), 318 title_template (kivy.uix.accordion.AccordionItem
texture (kivy.graphics.Fbo attribute), 364 attribute), 567
texture (kivy.graphics.fbo.Fbo attribute), 390 to_absolute_pos() (kivy.input.MotionEvent
texture (kivy.graphics.instructions.VertexInstruction method), 439
attribute), 382 to_absolute_pos()
texture (kivy.graphics.VertexInstruction attribute), (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent
377 method), 458
texture (kivy.uix.effectwidget.EffectWidget at- to_local() (kivy.uix.relativelayout.RelativeLayout
824
method), 659 kivy.uix.behaviors), 524
to_local() (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter method), 668 TouchRippleButtonBehavior (class in
to_local() (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple), 548
method), 687 transfer_gesture()
_
to local() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget method), 766 (kivy.multistroke.Recognizer method),
to_normalized_pos() 272
(kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), transform (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter attribute), 669
336 transform_inv (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter attribute),
to_parent() (kivy.uix.relativelayout.RelativeLayout 669
method), 659 transform_motion_event_2d()
to_parent() (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter method), 669 (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method),
_
to parent() (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView 336
method), 688 transform_point()
to_parent() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget method), 766 (kivy.graphics.transformation.Matrix
to_widget() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget method), 766 method), 422
to_window() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget method), 766 transition (kivy.animation.Animation property),
toctrees (kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument attribute), 662 191
toggle_fullscreen() transition (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager
(kivy.core.window.WindowBase method), attribute), 678
336 transition_progress
_
toggle node() (kivy.uix.treeview.TreeView (kivy.uix.screenmanager.Screen attribute),
method), 739 676
ToggleButton (class in kivy.uix.togglebutton), 734 transition_state
ToggleButtonBehavior (class in (kivy.uix.screenmanager.Screen attribute),
kivy.uix.behaviors), 522 676
ToggleButtonBehavior (class in TransitionBase (class in
kivy.uix.behaviors.togglebutton), 546 kivy.uix.screenmanager), 680
tolist() (kivy.graphics.transformation.Matrix Translate (class in kivy.graphics), 376
method), 422 Translate (class in
top (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), 336 kivy.graphics.context_instructions), 386
top (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 766 translate() (kivy.graphics.transformation.Matrix
total (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooserProgressBase method), 422
attribute), 612 translation_touches (kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter
touch_control (kivy.uix.switch.Switch attribute), attribute), 669
712 transpose() (kivy.graphics.transformation.Matrix
touch_deselect_last method), 423
TreeView (class in kivy.uix.treeview), 737
attribute), 531 TreeViewException, 739
touch_deselect_last TreeViewLabel (class in kivy.uix.treeview), 739
(kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehaviorTreeViewNode (class in kivy.uix.treeview), 739
attribute), 516 Triangle (class in kivy.graphics), 376
touch_distance (kivy.uix.switch.Switch at- Triangle (class in
tribute), 712 kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions), 434
touch_multiselect trigger_action()
(kivy.uix.behaviors.button.ButtonBehavior
touch_multiselect trigger_action()
(kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior (kivy.uix.behaviors.ButtonBehavior method),
attribute), 517 513
touches (kivy.base.EventLoopBase property), 257 trigger_change() (kivy.properties.AliasProperty
TouchRippleBehavior (class in method), 279
kivy.uix.behaviors), 522 trigger_change()
TouchRippleBehavior (class in (kivy.properties.ReferenceListProperty
kivy.uix.behaviors.touchripple), 547 method), 288
TouchRippleButtonBehavior (class in trigger_gl_dealloc()
825
(kivy.graphics.context.Context method), unfocus_on_touch
388 (kivy.uix.behaviors.FocusBehavior attribute),
triggered() (in module kivy.clock), 233 522
triple_tap_time (kivy.input.MotionEvent ungrab() (kivy.input.MotionEvent method), 439
attribute), 439 ungrab() (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent
triple_tap_time (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent method), 459
attribute), 458 ungrab_mouse() (kivy.core.window.WindowBase
Tuio2dCurMotionEvent (class in method), 337
kivy.input.providers.tuio), 449 unicode_errors (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute),
Tuio2dObjMotionEvent (class in 639
kivy.input.providers.tuio), 449 uniforms (kivy.uix.effectwidget.AdvancedEffectBase
TuioMotionEventProvider (class in attribute), 600
kivy.input.providers.tuio), 449 uninstall_twisted_reactor() (in module
type_id (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 439 kivy.support), 290
type_id (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent at- UnistrokeTemplate (class in kivy.multistroke),
tribute), 458 272
type_ids (kivy.eventmanager.EventManagerBase unload() (kivy.core.audio.Sound method), 301
attribute), 349 unload() (kivy.core.video.VideoBase method), 318
unload() (kivy.uix.video.Video method), 743
U unload_file() (kivy.lang.builder.BuilderBase
ud (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 439 method), 481
ud (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute), unload_file() (kivy.lang.BuilderBase method),
459 477
uid (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 439 unregister() (kivy.input.providers.tuio.TuioMotionEventProvider
uid (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute), static method), 450
459 unregister _event_manager()
unbind() (kivy.event.EventDispatcher method), 248 (kivy.core.window.WindowBase method),
unbind() (kivy.event.Observable method), 250 337
unbind() (kivy.lang.builder.Observable method), unregister_event_type()
482 (kivy.event.EventDispatcher method),
unbind() (kivy.lang.Observable method), 478 249
unbind() (kivy.properties.Property method), 287 unregister_event_types()
unbind_property() (kivy.event.EventDispatcher method),
(kivy.lang.builder.BuilderBase method), 249
480 unregister_for_motion_event()
unbind_property() (kivy.lang.BuilderBase (kivy.uix.widget.Widget method), 767
method), 476 unschedule() (kivy.clock.CyClockBase method),
unbind_uid() (kivy.event.EventDispatcher 232
method), 248 up_count (kivy.uix.behaviors.compoundselection.CompoundSelectionB
unbind_uid() (kivy.event.Observable method), 250 attribute), 531
_
unbind uid() _
(kivy.lang.builder.Observable up count (kivy.uix.behaviors.CompoundSelectionBehavior
unbind_uid() (kivy.lang.Observable method), 478 update() (kivy.effects.kinetic.KineticEffect method),
unbind_uid() (kivy.properties.Property method), 343
288 update() (kivy.effects.scroll.ScrollEffect method),
unbind_widget() (kivy.lang.builder.BuilderBase 345
method), 481 update() (kivy.input.MotionEventProvider
_
unbind widget() (kivy.lang.BuilderBase method), method), 440
476 update() (kivy.input.provider.MotionEventProvider
underline (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 639 method), 460
underline_color (kivy.uix.rst.RstDocument at- update() (kivy.input.providers.androidjoystick.AndroidMotionEventP
unfocus_on_touch update() (kivy.input.providers.leapfinger.LeapFingerEventProvider
(kivy.uix.behaviors.focus.FocusBehavior method), 444
attribute), 540 update() (kivy.input.providers.mactouch.MacMotionEventProvider
826
update() (kivy.input.providers.mouse.MouseMotionEventProvider
uvpos (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture attribute), 419
method), 446 uvsize (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture attribute), 419
update() (kivy.input.providers.tuio.TuioMotionEventProvider
method), 450 V
_
update bbox() (kivy.uix.gesturesurface.GestureContainer v (kivy.graphics.Color attribute), 362
method), 616 v (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Color attribute),
update_config() (kivy.config.ConfigParser 385
method), 240 valign (kivy.uix.label.Label attribute), 639
update_from_scroll() value (kivy.effects.kinetic.KineticEffect attribute),
(kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView method), 343
688 value (kivy.uix.progressbar.ProgressBar attribute),
update_velocity() 651
(kivy.effects.dampedscroll.DampedScrollEffect value (kivy.uix.settings.SettingItem attribute), 695
method), 342 value (kivy.uix.slider.Slider attribute), 702
update_velocity() value_normalized
(kivy.effects.kinetic.KineticEffect method), (kivy.uix.progressbar.ProgressBar attribute),
343 651
UpdateNormalMatrix (class in kivy.graphics), 376 value_normalized (kivy.uix.slider.Slider at-
url (kivy.network.urlrequest.UrlRequest attribute), tribute), 702
502 value_pos (kivy.uix.slider.Slider attribute), 703
UrlRequest (class in kivy.network.urlrequest), 500 value_track (kivy.uix.slider.Slider attribute), 703
use_bubble (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput at- value_track_color (kivy.uix.slider.Slider at-
use_handles (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput at- value_track_width (kivy.uix.slider.Slider at-
use kivy_settings (kivy.app.App attribute), 210 values (kivy.uix.settings.SettingBoolean attribute),
_
use_parent_frag_modelview 694
(kivy.graphics.instructions.RenderContext values (kivy.uix.spinner.Spinner attribute), 705
attribute), 381 VariableListProperty (class in
use_parent_frag_modelview kivy.properties), 288
(kivy.graphics.RenderContext attribute), vbar (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView attribute), 688
373 Vector (class in kivy.vector), 294
use_parent_modelview velocity (kivy.effects.kinetic.KineticEffect at-
(kivy.graphics.instructions.RenderContext tribute), 343
attribute), 381 vertex_count (kivy.graphics.tesselator.Tesselator
use_parent_modelview attribute), 412
(kivy.graphics.RenderContext attribute), VertexInstruction (class in kivy.graphics), 376
373 VertexInstruction (class in
use_parent_projection kivy.graphics.instructions), 381
(kivy.graphics.instructions.RenderContext VerticalBlurEffect (class in
attribute), 381 kivy.uix.effectwidget), 603
use_parent_projection vertices (kivy.graphics.Mesh attribute), 371
(kivy.graphics.RenderContext attribute), vertices (kivy.graphics.tesselator.Tesselator at-
373 tribute), 412
use_separator (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionGroup vertices (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Mesh
use_separator (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionView at- Video (class in kivy.uix.video), 741
tribute), 572 VideoBase (class in kivy.core.video), 317
user_data_dir (kivy.app.App property), 210 VideoPlayer (class in kivy.uix.videoplayer), 745
usersize (kivy.core.text.LabelBase property), 312 VideoPlayerAnnotation (class in
usleep() (kivy.clock.ClockBase method), 225 kivy.uix.videoplayer), 748
usleep() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseBehavior method), view_adapter (kivy.uix.recycleview.RecycleViewBehavior
226 attribute), 555
usleep() (kivy.clock.ClockBaseInterruptBehavior
827
view_clip() (kivy.graphics.transformation.Matrix window (kivy.input.recorder.Recorder attribute), 453
method), 423 WindowBase (class in kivy.core.window), 320
view_list (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooser at- WipeTransition (class in
tribute), 608 kivy.uix.screenmanager), 681
view_mode (kivy.uix.filechooser.FileChooser at- with_previous (kivy.uix.actionbar.ActionPrevious
words (kivy.core.text.text_layout.LayoutLine at-
viewclass (kivy.uix.recycleview.layout.RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior
viewclass (kivy.uix.recycleview.RecycleView wrap (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture attribute), 419
attribute), 554 write() (kivy.config.ConfigParser method), 240
viewport_size (kivy.uix.scrollview.ScrollView at- write_tab (kivy.uix.textinput.TextInput attribute),
tribute), 688 734
VKeyboard (class in kivy.uix.vkeyboard), 750
volume (kivy.core.audio.Sound attribute), 301 X
volume (kivy.core.video.VideoBase property), 318 x (kivy.core.text.text_layout.LayoutLine attribute),
volume (kivy.uix.video.Video attribute), 743 313
volume (kivy.uix.videoplayer.VideoPlayer attribute), x (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Scale attribute),
748 386
vs (kivy.graphics.shader.Shader attribute), 407 x (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Translate at-
vs (kivy.uix.screenmanager.ShaderTransition attribute), 387
tribute), 680 x (kivy.graphics.Scale attribute), 374
x (kivy.graphics.Translate attribute), 376
W x (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 439
w (kivy.core.text.text_layout.LayoutLine attribute), x (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute),
313 459
wait() (kivy.network.urlrequest.UrlRequest x (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 769
method), 502 x (kivy.vector.Vector property), 296
walk() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget method), 767 xy (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Translate at-
walk_reverse() (kivy.uix.widget.Widget method), tribute), 387
768 xy (kivy.graphics.Translate attribute), 376
weak_callback (kivy.clock.ClockEvent attribute), xyz (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Scale at-
228 tribute), 386
weak_clock_ended_callback xyz (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Translate at-
(kivy.clock.ClockEvent attribute), 228 tribute), 387
WeakMethod (class in kivy.weakmethod), 297 xyz (kivy.graphics.Scale attribute), 375
WeakProxy (class in kivy.weakproxy), 297 xyz (kivy.graphics.Translate attribute), 376
wheel (kivy.uix.colorpicker.ColorPicker attribute),
593 Y
Widget (class in kivy.uix.widget), 757 y (kivy.core.text.text_layout.LayoutLine attribute),
widget (kivy.core.window.Keyboard attribute), 320 313
widget (kivy.modules.console.Console attribute), 492 y (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Scale attribute),
WidgetException, 769 386
width (kivy.core.image.Image property), 306 y (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Translate at-
width (kivy.core.image.ImageData property), 307 tribute), 387
width (kivy.core.window.WindowBase attribute), 337 y (kivy.graphics.Scale attribute), 375
width (kivy.graphics.Line attribute), 370 y (kivy.graphics.Translate attribute), 376
width (kivy.graphics.svg.Svg attribute), 410 y (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 439
width (kivy.graphics.texture.Texture attribute), 419 y (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute),
width (kivy.graphics.vertex_instructions.Line at- 459
tribute), 431 y (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 769
width (kivy.input.shape.ShapeRect attribute), 460 y (kivy.vector.Vector property), 296
width (kivy.uix.widget.Widget attribute), 768
window (kivy.core.window.Keyboard attribute), 320 Z
window (kivy.eventmanager.EventManagerBase at- z (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Scale attribute),
tribute), 349 386
828
z (kivy.graphics.context_instructions.Translate at-
tribute), 387
z (kivy.graphics.Scale attribute), 375
z (kivy.graphics.Translate attribute), 376
z (kivy.input.MotionEvent attribute), 439
z (kivy.input.motionevent.MotionEvent attribute),
459
829

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Kivy Documentation

The Kivy Developers

April 25, 2022

III Programming Guide 61

17 Controlling the environment 69

25 Integrating with other Frameworks 131

26 Packaging your application 135

27 Package licensing 153

29 A Simple Paint App 173

30 Crash Course 183

V API Reference 185

32 Core Abstraction 299

33 Kivy module for binary dependencies. 339

35 Event Manager 347

38 Input management 435

39 Kivy Language 461

40 External libraries 483

42 Network support 499

Python Module Index 775

Start Developing Kivy Apps Right Away!

Platform Installation Packaging

Windows pip PyInstaller

macOS pip, Kivy.app Kivy.app, PyInstaller

Linux pip, PPA —

Android python-for-android python-for-android

2.1 Using pip

2.1.1 Setup terminal and pip

python -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools virtualenv

python -m virtualenv kivy_venv

If you are in a bash terminal on Windows, instead do:

If you are in linux or macOS, instead do:

2.1.3 Install Kivy

Finally, install Kivy using one of the following options:

python -m pip install "kivy[base]" kivy_examples

python -m pip install "kivy[base]" kivy_examples --no-binary kivy

To install the latest cutting-edge Kivy from master, instead do:

python -m pip install "kivy[base] @ https://github.com/kivy/kivy/archive/

Pre-release, pre-compiled wheels

python -m pip install --pre "kivy[base]" kivy_examples

python -m pip install kivy --pre --no-deps --index-url https://kivy.org/

python -m pip install "kivy[base]" --pre --extra-index-url https://kivy.

git clone git://github.com/kivy/kivy.git

python setup.py build_ext --inplace

Or if using bash or on Linux, simply do:

2.1.4 Checking the demo

or in bash, Linux and macOS:

2.2 Installation using Conda

conda install kivy -c conda-forge

2.4.1 Installing Python

2.4.2 How to use the command line

2.4.3 What is pip and what are wheels

python -m pip install C:\Kivy-1.9.1.dev-cp27-none-win_amd64.whl

Immerse yourself in the world of Kivy with your first App.

Kivy introduces a new way of declaring properties within a class. Before:

After, using Kivy’s properties:

In the above code :

<LoginScreen>: # every class in your app can be represented by a rule like

def on_touch_down(self, touch):

Animation is used to change a widget’s prop-

Atlas is a class for managing texture maps,

Layouts are containers used to arrange widgets in a particular manner.

• Create a package for Windows

To get straight into kivy, take a look at Welcome to Kivy.