Indicator Low pH color Transition pH range High pH color Gentian violet (Methyl violet 10B) yellow 0.0 2.

0 blue-violet Leucomalachite green (first transition) yellow 0.0 2.0 green Leucomalachite green (second transition) green 11.6 14 colorless Thymol blue (first transition) red 1.2 2.8 yellow Thymol blue (second transition) yellow 8.0 9.6 blue Methyl yellow red 2.9 4.0 yellow Bromophenol blue yellow 3.0 4.6 purple Congo red blue-violet 3.0 5.0 red Methyl orange red 3.1 4.4 orange Bromocresol green yellow 3.8 5.4 blue Methyl red red 4.4 6.2 yellow Methyl red red 4.5 5.2 green Azolitmin red 4.5 8.3 blue Bromocresol purple yellow 5.2 6.8 purple Bromothymol blue yellow 6.0 7.6 blue Phenol red yellow 6.8 8.4 red Neutral red red 6.8 8.0 yellow Naphtholphthalein colorless to reddish 7.3 8.7 greenish to blue Cresol Red yellow 7.2 8.8 reddish-purple Phenolphthalein colorless 8.3 10.0 fuchsia Thymolphthalein colorless 9.3 10.5 blue Alizarine Yellow R yellow 10.2 12.0 red

Headset: The headset is the metal part of the stethoscope onto which the tubing is fitted. The headset is made up of the two eartubes, tension springs and the eartips. Chest Piece: The chest piece is the part of the stethoscope that is placed on the location where the user wants to hear sound. Most cardiology stethoscopes contain a tunable diaphragm on each side of the chest piece. The large side can be used for adult patients, while the small side especially useful for pediatric or thin patients, around bandages and for carotid assessment. Eartip: The eartips of a stethoscope fit into your ears. A good stethoscope will have eartips that offer comfort, seal and durability. Eartube: The eartube is the part to which the eartips are attached. Tunable Diaphragm: A traditional stethoscope consists of a bell and diaphraghm. The bell is used for light skin contact to hear low frequency sounds and the diaphragm is used with firm skin contact to hear high frequency sounds. Stem: The stemp connects the stethoscope tubing to the chestpiece. Tubing: All stethoscopes sold on myStethoscope.com do not contain latex. 3M Littmann stethoscope.
a. Sphygmomanometer. The sphygmomanometer (figure 5-2) is usually called the "blood pressure cuff." There are several different types of blood pressure cuffs in use. Some are made to be attached to a wall (next to a patient's hospital bed, for example), but most are portable. All blood pressure cuff devices work basically in the same way and have the same parts--a bladder, a handbulb with release valve, a tube connecting the handbulb to the bladder, and a gauge (either mercury or aneroid) for measuring pressure. (1) Bladder. The bladder (also called the "cuff") is a long rubber bag about 6 inches wide and 24 inches long that is covered with fabric. The bladder is wrapped around the patient's arm and filled with air when taking the patient's blood pressure. Parts of the fabric are made of non-slip material, such as Velcro. When the fabric is overlapped, the two pieces of fabric adhere to each other and will not slip when the bladder is inflated. Some sphygmomanometers use snaps or other devices to

secure the bladder instead of non-slip fabric. (2) Handbulb. The handbulb is a device for inflating the bladder. When squeezed, the handbulb forces the air through an opening connected to the tubing. When the bulb is released, it refills with air from the environment. The handbulb is designed so that air from the tubing cannot flow back into the handbulb. (3) Rubber tubes. One tube connects the bladder and handbulb. Air that is forced out of the handbulb travels through the tube and enters the bladder. A second tube connects the bladder and the gauge.. (4) Release valve. The release valve (screw) is a device for releasing air from the bladder. It is located between the handbulb and the tubing. One hand can operate both the handbulb and the release valve easily. The valve is controlled by a screw. When tightened, no air escapes. When unscrewed fully, the air escapes rapidly. (Note: The screw does not separate from the apparatus. "Unscrewed fully" means the screw is turned so that air will escape as fast as possible.) The screw can also be turned to any position between completely closed and full release. In this way, you can let air escape from the bladder as quickly or as slowly as you wish (5) Gauge. The gauge measures the air pressure in the bladder. There are two types of gauges--the mercury gauge and the aneroid gauge.