KC OXFORD 78h NEW SYLLABUS EDITION MATHEMATICS PY ai-? PREFACE oxronn, New Syllabus Mathematics (NSM} 19 a series of textbooks specially designed 1 provige valuable learning experiences to engage the tearts and minds of students sitting for the GCE 0 level examination in Mathematics, Included in the textbooks are investigation, Class Discussion, Thinking Time, Journal Writing, Performance Task and Problems in Real-World Contexts to support the teacting and learing of Mathematics, Every chapter begins with a chapter opener which motivates Students in learning the topic. Interesting stovies about ‘Mathematicians, es-le examples and applications are used to arouse students’ interest and curlosty eo tha they can appreciate the beauty of Mathematics in thet surrxnaings. ‘The use of ICT helps students to visualise and nanipulate ‘mathematical objects more easily, thus making the learning of Mathematics more interactive, Ready-to-use interactive ICT templates are avaliable at htipv/wrww shinglen.com.sa/ ‘StudentResouces!(CHAPTER OPENER cn chapter bein with a chapter opener o wouse students ies and cszeyn eng ne oe LEARNING OBJECTIVES Lorie bjs hp stent be are aware of wa heya abou osu 0 ta hey can ante own progess, RECAP WORKED EXAMPLE chal. suitable heading cided in trachasodetnguah between te cferent Woes Exo. PRACTISE NOW ‘SIMILAR QUESTIONS EXERCISE Te qustons re aii eee ves fit — Bese, tomate ond Advanced. SUMMARY REVIEW EXERCISE “Tiss nce the dc eben caper tort conse ofan of ences CHALLENGE YOURSELF rate port REVISION EXERCISE “This nck ced ater evr few cnaters op stsesesess nr brag. exon, Preave ~taming experiences heve been infused into Investigation, Class Discussion, Thinking Time, urnal Writing and Perfonrance Task © Investigation a e Activities ave included 1 guide Class Fen enearaT wTeH ETE Discussion ronooge, tok material, roe ‘har ease ard orl corimu:aion sis ‘Thinking Time Journal Writing = gas ‘enter Seon nee ekg usentetoimpoveca ta arn. Performance Task z= haveleuntprevousy.°2°? Contents aa Direct and Inverse Proportions 4.1 Diest Proportion 02 4.2. Algebraic and Graphical 008 Representations of Dect Proportion 4.8 Other Farms of Dect Proportion O12 4.4 Inverse Proportion org 445 Algebraic and Graphical 2s Representations of Inverse Proporton 4.6 OtherFornsof hversePropenicn 029 Summary 034. Review Exarcise 1 036, ER Expansion and Factorisation of 089 ‘Quadratic Expressions 3.1 Quadratic Expressions 09 3.2 Expansion and Simpiication ct O97 (Quadratic Exoressions 8.3. Factorisaion of Quadratic 105 Expressions Summary 1 Rleviw Exercise 2 a linear Graphs and Simu Lincar Equations 2A Gradent of astraight tne 22. Further Applications of Linear Grapns in Real-World Contexts 28 Horzonta and Vertical Lines 24 Graphs ofLinearEquatonsin the formay-+he=k 28. Solving Smutaneous Linear 062 Equations Using Geaptical Method 26 SovingSmuttaneous Linear 0687 Equetons sng Algeorae Methods 2.7 Appications of Simultaneous 077 Eautionsin Real Wold Contents Summary 083 Review Exercise 2 084 Further Expansionand Factorisation 113, of Algebraic Expressions 41 Expansion and Factonsation 15 Algebraic Expressions 42. Expansion Using Special in Algebraic Idenities 43 Factorsation Using Special 1 igre denies 4 Factorsation by Grouping 128 Sumnay 132 Review Exercise 4 133 Revision Exercise A 189— TER 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs 137 BAA Solving Quadratic Equations 1391 by Factoristion 5.2 Applications of Quadratic Equatonsin Rea! World Contexts 53 Gravis of Ouauratic Functions 147 ‘Summary 158 Review Exercise 5 159 Relations and Functions 181 7A Relations 183 7.2 Functions 18 ‘Summary 189, Roview Exercise 7 199 TER 2 Geometrical Transformation BA election 82 Rotation 93° Translation Summary Review Exercise 9 251 Revision Exercise B 253 bf a AGETER SG Algebraic Fractions and Formulae 164 ‘Algebra Fractions 63 Mutipication and Dwision of 165, Algebraic Fractions 63 Adcstion and Subtractonot 168 Algebraic Fractions 6.4 Manpuaton ot Agobroic Formulae 171 Summary 78 Review Exercise 6 178 — CHAPTER S__ Congruence and Similarity 191 BA Congtuent Figures 193 82 Simier Figures 203 83. Simlaity, Enlargement andScale 213 Drawings ‘Summary 228 Review Exercise ® 220 Pythagoras’ Theorem 257 40.1 Pythagoras! Theorem 259 10.2 Apotcations of Pytnagoras’ 269, Theorem in Real-World Contexts 10.8 Conese ofPythageras' Theorem 276 Summary 278 Review Exercise 10 278ae Trigonometric Ratios 4141 Tegonometiic Ratos 283 11.2. Applications of Trigonometiic 289 Ratios to Find Unknown Sides of RightAngled Teangles Applications of Tigonometric 296 Ratios to Find Unknown Angles a Right-Angled Trangles 13 14.4 Appications of Trigonometric 302 Patios in Real-World Contexts rnmary 310 Review Exerc an Symmetry 355 134 Line Symmetry 357 132. Potational Symmetry in 368 ane Figues 133. Symmetry in Triangles are (Qvadriateras and Polygons 134. Symmetry in Tree Dimensions 379 ‘Summary 384 Review Exercise 13 384 Revision Exercise 387 Volume and Surface Area of, Pyramids, Cones and Spheres 424 Volume and Surtace Aes cof Pyramids Volume and Surtace Area of Cones 4123 Vokime and Surtace Area of Spheres. 124 Vourne and Surface Area of Composite Sol 122 Summary Review Exercise 12 Sets 44.4 Introduction to Set Notations 442 Venn Diagrams, Universal Set ‘and Complement of a Set 4143 intersection of Two Sets 144 Union of Two Sets 145 Combining Universal Set Complement of a Set. Subset Intersection and Union of Seis, ‘Surmary Review Exercise 14 317 328 338 399 399 406 408, 409 416 a7Probability of 419 8.1 Intioduction to Probabity 22 15.2 Sampe Soace 422 15.2 Probabilty of Single Events 425, 15.4. Further Evamples on Probabiity 435, (of Single Events ‘Summary Review Exercise 15 440 eZ Averages of Statistical Data 489 ATA Mean 494 47.2 Median 501 173. Mooe $08 174. Mean, Median and Mode 508 Summary 817 Roview Exercise 17 518 Revision Fxercise D Problems in Real-World Contexts Practise Now Answers 29 Answers 95 onto Statst Dot Diagrams Scatter Diagrams ‘Stemand-Leat Diageams 446 408, Histograms for Ungrouped Data 465, 166 Histograms (or Grouped Data 469 Summary Review Exercise 16 484 485Investigation Direct Proportion In Singapore, f we books fram a pulic Wyary and ae late in returning the books, we wil efned 15 cents per dy foreach overdue, Table 11 shows the fines for an verde book Nemberofdane) 12 [3 | 4 | s | w TFneceenty 1s 45 | 75) wos [0 | tas Is Table 1 tbe numberof daysa books verduetnc raze wlth line inceaweor decrease! 2, the numberof days book s overdue it double, how wil the fine change? Huot Compare the fines wien a book s overdue fr 3 days and fr 6 dys 3 the numberof days hook verde’ ipl, what il happen to he fine? 44. the uber of dys 2 book is overdue is haled, how wil the fine change? ‘Hin Compare the ines when 3 faoks overdue for 10 days and foe $day. 5. hear of dys a nok oer ede oe oil mune ‘vat happen tthe ine? Frere the insestigtion, we notice that the numberof days, a book is overdhae irons the ine. x cents, sncreasesproetionaly, be Hobie ten» Ipedbled 8 wiped, then sil be pled Sinlay, a6 the numer of days, 2 book is overdue decreases, the tine, yr eents, decreases proportionally, ke. isis halved, then + ill be halved ifsisraucdn trig ale hen wrest Lose alae “Tic elatonship i known 35 ect propartion. We say tha the fine,» ents. ec proper the numer fda. book eter eo 1 oxron.Class Discussion [Real-Life Example of Quanities in Diret Proportion Workin pais. 1. Give a few more reat ie amples of quantities ha ane in cect portion, 2. Explain why hey ate directly propotomal 0 ea Complete Table 12. [rani] i TI pw 1 | __} 1 4 —t city was | | Be msm ate: a | | i i | | | Table 2 What can we aisere about the ate #7 \Wwhat docs represen? What docs the Contant“ ma inthis cates? dec proportion the ate 6.3 constant. this ease = 1S Let te numberof days 3 bak semen be « neds Then the coresponding fine is Let the numberof days 2 book is owerdue be x, = 6, Then the cores fine From Tale 1.2 Sand toe Weis wz. ° Bee Bes (conta, e.theworates and Sa ual oes romp 98 2, ey fede when i doe ‘ 28-2. Le. + tebe when si dol nd are equal his can aloe ain by " “earanging the equation , nk cn, 954) To conclude, we have ‘ ecmpsrna beo His creety proportionalta x tens = 8 orWorked Wot otis ct cle cst of of Example tise “ Solution: rn me ath cs fs haus cy peor othe a he Sheu ete: Ui Method mn Sagol tics co Et Vege cons 2 vag fsa con SP _Methed 2: Proportion Method Lat the cost of 13 kg of isis be Se wees =s5450 Atenatiely, 4 gta Re: Baar sss “12 kgf hiscuits cost $4.2. (2) 150g of sweets com $210, find the costo 30 of wees, ving your amawer eye IAs 2 ‘comet othe nearest cons (0) eva meta toes mao! She. What mst Zot epic of feat eeAlgebr. Graphical 1 D Representations of il Direct Proportion Navssansennerivesssessesinesran vine mieeeieeememmennsilim 18, which and Inthe example on cverdue hooks in Section 11, we have found oe epresent this constant by & thon =k or y= ky where & #0, Hence, we have | whores constant and #0 oe) Thinking 4 Time Hve substitute £0 into x=, what can we say about the reltonsip between + andy @ Investigation raphe Repesnaton of ret Proportion sider he example on vet books in Seton Table 1.3 shows the face ents frre rater dyn ok Sve wh f= Ison se ‘at does.= 1 Stmeanin this conto? Oy; 15) 304 6 15 9 WS 10 HS 150 Table 131, Plot the pooh oy aginst sin Fig, 11 Frets cents) spc 1} wet _1_} |} “108 +—t + 7 | | 15 -e bast ae ot—}++— wt} | | l [7 12s 9 1p Namba otdaysio) 2. What isthe shape ofthe graph? 2. Doss the graph pss ough the ongine “To-concade, wo hve: 1. fy isdvety proportional sextet proportional to? Explain your answer. 2. Suppose vis recth noponinaal to. ve pl the graph against x, will we seta sail line tha paseo through the eign? Bxpaia your answer. 3. yislictty poostional to, then the opt ov gant «passes trou the ‘ig, the graph fv agains doesnot pass tough the eign is x ietly roportinnal 0.47 Explain your ans. 4, Asx increases, abe ines, Cw we conclude that ely propio to. Explain your answce Oo : coeWorked Example) icqaumomeim nts ti th wth s tons Solution: G Since visit peporindt The = where constn. Wher 2 fas GH Wher x=, fedek Alternatively when ea 9 chub y=2s 12 nahn is a oH {Suter 21 n= sre 1. liye dec proportional sand v= 10 when 4 an gation connecting andy 4 tne valawoty when =H the vale of «hon = ei Quam 2. his dretly peportiona iv and y= when « 1 find he value f x hen 4. Given tha eich preponionl tn, copy and cumple the abe (eS | oxsonp a oo ®Worked be soa ae epee Sk ofa tea pany ne dy poptonal Example terres, presen When thee ag Moss reso atthe poy, exposes incurred 3 $210 {Fava equation cement ) Cale expermes incre tn there goes present atthe tea party Draw the rapt against Solution: zw. 4) Sie be clirectly proportional 0% {Wed ample Lc an We Yona esa scion N when N=, bet = The expenses incur ate $540 Seiiatrcapte “Thecont SC. ftansporing gens rey proponents datancecawercd dh. ese UN Cvatns “The cos of tangpoting gods ose a disance of hm i S100. {i Fir an equation connecting © 30d {Fd he cont of trap ood oer a distance ol 5 kn, the cost of wonsprting goons is $120, calculate the dsnce emer (6) Draw the yaph of Copan a oxronp,Worked a Exmpl ‘The taal ently cages, SC fora mobie plan ens xample ‘of fx amet of S20 a 2 vie ont which lope the wage, For every minut ace, $120 charg. (He duration of usages 120 mites. ale ate the total monthly changes or the mabe plan. Ge et ont cages forthe bie plan are 80 il he duration of sage iy Write deowe a fxmula connecting Cant, hace n Isthe numer sinter wee (Ge) Daw he gaph of Capa. 6 ety gina ‘w Use your graph to explaia your answer, Solution: {Tal ey ones rhe mi an = S30 35030 ioe se Darin vgn 8 150 mines (6) Varn enna = 05020 si20 Tosa monthly changes = viable amount + fel amt C-02n4 20 2020420 62 02n+20 When 0, ¢ #20 Whom §, 023 isnot arectly propor the ogi, al to hecause the line doce not pas trough The total monly cost, SC, of running kindergarten consists of «fixer amount 2 SS00 and a variable amount which depend onthe evant, every hl “orl te monthly coat ners hy SH 1) We ane i 200, irl the total monly costo tanning the kindergarten, {6 ue bral mommy cos oF nny the kindergarten $20 SH. cole the ume oF chiles enallet nthe Kinder {Wie deem a formula cannes Can, shut w isthe numer of eile ‘nwa the kindergarten 3) Dra tery aC apt I dey prions Us your gaph2 (ty Exercise 1A OR idea ok we 3 sss. ADK Fre the mss of 150 such os, 1) the mero sac wks that have 3 mass Ina hols, 6 otc hs sup eh ‘of Lamon a shal Find {0 the length acca by 50 sech books on ash i) thenunberas such bunks nea comple ‘cap 3 sh ha ie hone nic 45 whee Hes dietly penpontona $23 fi {an rqation connecting «ae» GG) evaluced y when = 6 Gi) thevalea chen 10 & directly propotional 1 Pand @: expres @ in temsofF {iy td the wala af @ when P= 8 (iy cseule the vale of Poon Q= 82 Find the est | 49) 10 kg off Haves hen 3g of te leaves cont 8, 18) kyo sar whon bg spar cos Se 5 oa pie of mal Bas 2 mas 7, What fremassof of he pict met? HF cheat proportional 0 «and fn the vals of rwhen = 1 Wi dicey report to A aie ft 8 wher A= I fin the value of whe A= 24 wo. 1. 2 18 Foreach a healing. 8 dectly proportion! to. Cope anceps the ables Giger ee =a) {= tt ts Wi iinet proton tc analy = 20 whe {find an equation consecting x and {cha the raph agaist 1 iv aiecty proportion to vane == AK when {© finan quation connecting Yad s do the raphe =n The nts, Fetes, ned to push a lock longa horzontlsutace is directly proportional to the mass kg, of the block, When m= 5, Tied anespation connecting # a {@) find the value ot F when m =H iy Calle the vale a when {6 Draw the graph ot Pagans The press, P pascal, of gis in a container iediecty pepoetinal os tomperature, Thelin Whos =, #25 G) Fine ancquation connecting Pana 7 Fil hee Peden T= 28 i) Cateaae the val oF T whe | Gv) Dra the yap agai ‘The amount of voltage, vols, ned to send aise amount of corte the gh awe, sec Proportions ois ealtance, Resim When = 6, © Find an equation connecting Vand (Find the wa of V sen R= 18 Oy Caleakve te vu oF R sen VS (9) Draw the soph Vagainsttl months ons, $s wha which depots on the he sels For each fee he sel fra pict month 6 $1680, caleate the mbes tyes be els ia that moth, (i) Wate down a formela caonectng Bal h the sles ov 8 P aecty ao Use yar pop expla 16, Amachine hich mani preci. Given that 2nenncs of ean pole ‘when the machine rans foal an hou in he + Some values. andthe comtespondlng vals of and are given in Tale 1"Fig 2 dos the graph ov gat Je dvetly roponiona to Explain your answer. 2 Non at a pt the go 29 Sore als ol the crespondng aust and ae qhen in Table 15. aia 96 nae Table 13 oxtonpPlot the papal guns in Fig, 1.3, The fist thee points hove been pated for you. Fig tt Is ydvetypropotional 0 Explain youranswe onal x because rom the ivesigation, when y= 30 is nt dict prope =) — 34s mot aconstn, Howes, vi day proprio to x beeaae $= oxoun conn @Worked Example 9 jecuhotbetwingeysons eee wee Solution: (ay Since v= 80, ie, 3, = Sis. constant, then ety proptional (6) Since’ =VE. i. J = Lie Contant then i proportional wo A For each of the falling equations, state the tw ropa to each other and explain your arses abs which are directly fo) 36° tn Work! Example 4, we have foul thatthe formula connecting Cand ns {C=002n-+ 20 a hat € knot eet proportional tow, Howes is cay Proportional oa varia, Whats this variable? 2. the equiion = 1 =, state two variables which are ret propotinnal teach other anel expan your answer Worked sot Uinta Example Ws dct pop oy =20.shen = 2 {0 ed aneqnten connecting van, Gi cakulte neal of when = find the also hn 125, Gh) cet parody apt oxronn‘Solution: Sines » eer prpetonal then Wher 22, eke? se When 9=3, is i) Whe 9 = 128, Lasse 2S 2205 (6) Since vs lity propetions then the line that pases han the eisin pl gina 69 righ When s=0, When e= tres Hvis dectyproertional and (find an equation connecting xan fod the value eh Upeattae the vues os when 9 when Gv daw he graph of» agin. is nats propntianal 6° and y= 21 when = 2, find the wave of when Give that «i dicey proportional to e, whee». postive rot manor op ad compte the ae y 5625 a ‘ONFORP ~*~Worked The volume, Vem, of a solid is cir thy peaportional Example theca tsa ren Who the an tel Solution: 4) Sime Vi irety propoaional to thea V#Ge where isa costa When r=6, V-= 905, (When = ve MSc 16 4189 n co the sl sa 2 en he vom ofthe sds at89 22 “The long, fem. oa ape elm ctl peopstiona othe squeeoits_—_ Hhente H peviod time token to coniplteone ction). secood A penlum wha feng (12205 im hoe peo a (© Fin sn expintion connctiog Fane. Fi the length 2 pentlum whit hos peta oS ‘Whats he peridot a peudlam which has Feng of 098 n? @ vx oxtounF Exgiaise ra V.xis iecty pepprtiona ad r= 32 9h eon {ified an expation connecting «aly, A fire the vac sehen v= 6, (i) caestse the vale oy hen «= 108, {Ge dra the raph of eins 12s dvety proportional tow a (i) ind an equation connecting wan (find the values of: whan w= 1 i) calculate te salve ow chen 225, (6 sew the gph agai {tis given tht vs rly prope ‘Write dwn the val when ym isthe aren ofasquare of leh, (cm isthe setume ofa coe of length cn. (re 4 For each othe wing estos, state the ts) ‘variables which ae dicey proportions 0 ch ther and spin your ans (a) seas ) saNE fo Sese @ pee 12 Fs irc proportional to sand ¢ «8 when S24, find the values of when «=, Hi gis death jropurtional to Wp = 19 and = 20 shen = 3 fine aes p when y= 8 ‘Given that vis rectly propotional copy and ‘complete the ale l a.a o » 5 sk) 109 OxroRD 8. Given tha he mss. ag, oa pene is tet ‘reporions tothe cube ut sas, rem, copy dnd compte hs able ean ats] _] ors 11468 ” 02s 9. During censinpered in thetic of nesters, ts Fegth, Lem. 6 dvecily proportional tothe scunee rot of where 6 the numb of oars afters ich. Ons hour ater an eau sen, is tengh 2S, Fire an equiton coneecting Lat N. By Fine! he lent an enters ater itsbinh, i) Hoong wii take or anearthwoemto grow toa lngthef Sem? 1 Fs rectly prpoiona toa he iorence in the values of y whan «= 1 and # = 346 2, find the value of when = 2 11. Fs tcetly peopotional tos! and y =a for a Daricular value of Find an expression ory eos aoe this value otis die 12, The braking distance uf a vehicle is directly proportional to the square at ie sped, Wher the speud othe vec fs # vs, is aking dance | d'm. I the pece of the vehicle i inurenced by 2001, find the percentage increase nH raking distance,& Investigation Inverse Proportion Table 1.oshows the tne taken for a cart taeda dsance of 120 km tient spots Speedixkwny aw wD Timetaken(vhous) 126 4 M2 ABEE we ve, Fog Tale 1.6 1. fhe spend the er dzeases wil th time ken increase decrease? 2. the spesof the ati de, how wil he te taken change? int Compe he time taken whan the speeds theca are 20k andl a0 ki 3. the soe ofthe ca spl, what wil appen tothe me taken? 4. tf the poet othe cae halved, bow wil the time ten Frnt: Compare the tine ake hen the spec of ther are kas ad okmh, 5. ti thespatal the aris saced 4 rg ped wh il pnt the tine tah? 1 tho spo of he car hh nce, he ai hadled hen sl be alee time taker yo dees propo Sinilvy os the speed of eca, ska, dectenses. time take, ves, eases ropontyei-75 aed then b dbl i reac Cea ten rp is known os inverse proportion. We Ws protean, shot he speed of theca.Class. 4 Discussion Real-Life Examples of Quantities lavere Proportion Wha in pa 1 Ghosts meeralticaamsotquaittshatawinnvene poption, SEED 2. pin hy they are inversely proportional Complete Table 7 Speed M . we wow ee, 0 ” 0 Tene taker iv * 4 a]. hour) - 2 Product eee xR ‘hat ean we observe al the pron? inverse propo. dhe product. isa constant In hissy © 20 ef the speed of he car he 3,» 20, Then the carespontng tne taken the speed ofthe car he =. Thon the comespentng tne ake sy 3 om Table 17.48 coranging ‘camel, e hve lisisimene preprints, then 2Worked ’ Example to wnt taps ca fill» ak ia hows. Cae the time taken or ac 3p to le same tank Solution: Fit, we noe that te ton taken il the anki inversely propotena the umber of aps use becaase a the number tap acest the ime taken to il resi ncoee Math: Unity Method = 10 psn fil he tak in Bours a tbbeabaaas {ap ex fl he takin (1089 ove se ps ee ie taps can ill the tank in EE yagi ho = Sos, _Mshod 2: Proportion thd Let hetine taken for Sp Then ee We tein ein 1 taps can he tank in Shs Four decal ps can flank in 0 mis Fr ta tnetaken oe fs aps mse usin 5.20 fo 6 te ome taWorked ; 3 men ean pant 2 entcal houses in 8 dys. ASsuning Example that all he men wewk atthe some One fo pit ¥ such anes? Solution: Thothwe Fina, ws hep the mumbo of houses cman. Number ofmen Number othowses Number of dass iahles are numberof met, mbar of houses and ume days 0 Neat we keep the numer of men constant Nambecof mn Number of house; Number days 10. williake 6 days to paint # owes 2) amen can dig 2 dential trenches in Shoes, Asoming tht al the men work Hes a atthe same ate how Tang wl take Sin a dg 7 such robes? 15) 7 identical taps ca lic tanks in 45 minutes. How eng wi it ofthe taps oil one of the tanks? exonAl ebraic Graphical Representations of 4 tant by & then sy eo =, whe io cast, He eect tis Pasting Time = 8 achat can wwe say about the rclationship between Investigation Graphical Representation ofavene Proportion mie be sane hearin Satin 4 ale 8 he oe en Speed em) Teta! | ss | sas] 2 [iefis}ea| ie} u] Ltphows m2 - Tale 18 expon1. thwe plot the raph of again what ype af graph would we obtain? 2. Plot the graph oy ago in Fig. 1 Tie taken shouts Sect ee ee ee ee Feta 3h ve of bd owl he lc haga? use isith an example nin appoint on be gph you hacen inf What fw lee raph of vag 1? How woul he gpk ke? Ler x= 1 Scmesles of ante cep vals of and re gen n Tahle19. Complete tile (chev) imp [p> 22 )s[e[~ le = /w)w | fe {n || ae Ts fotze i) afl oxtosp4. Plo the graph of agaist in Fig. 1.5. O01 002 Of3 04 ONS OD ODT ODE oD9 0.4 ig 5 ‘Deseribe the yaph obtained What can we say about the relationship tween sand x? ‘Athough.s inversely proportional what isthe relationship between and x Write down an equation connecting. and X, What does itll you shout the telationship hewean and X? In general, iy is verse proportional to then i fo ayshoeye ssa cons and #0 2 teapot ond of equaion »=# sa hyperlse i 14) + the gaph of agit isa sight fine oe Fg 1.5) © owesThink ‘isisinversely roprtioma tis inversely propraional a Explain your answer Example sea find @ the alacor ewhens = 8, Ai an equation connecting ¥en (eho value of when ¢= 48 Solution: © When 8, 1 1 uli Aematindy Wi eyyory1. ify isinversty pronotiomal 4 andy 28 when = the vlueoty when, Aneypnion connecting, 20d Gipthese of hen s= 1 fin baa 2. iy iwesely potato sae 9 she 22, Find the ale oy when 3: Giventhoty is averse proportional os, cps al complete the ale Example mas yas at constant temperature i intl ppropotiooal tis pressure, P pastas (Pad. Te press of To 3 gos a aici cating” $2, Assuming athe temperature inthe container is console the volame ofthe gas when ts presuref 1250 Ps Solution: Since Vi inversely proptianal we P, thon Vr comin when Pan, Ve When P= 1250, ve ‘The vue ofthe gos 024 dn “The cure, # amperes, fing through a wie is iosersey proportional ty is Fre ssn HL enitance Ron) Given tht he curent lowing trough wire wih aesitance Of05 512A. find the cutent lowing the the wire wien is esistane is 38, {the resistance ofthe wire when the current awing though it. @ vw ostortExercise = (Which of he falling antes a ene ropomin Slatethe ssumponsmade i each ese G@) The umber of pencils FoAan ays the {ofa cost othe pene ‘The numberof tps filling tank ad he time take il he tank, The numberof men aying rt andthe tine taken to ish Laying theron 1) The numer cate oe el andthe ammunt of fore The numberof eatle toe fd ad the tne ‘taken to fins certain aunt the ae. ® © © ght men cam bl bidet 12 ays Fi the time taken or me to bud the sae rage, Stale "he assumption made Ics inversely prpontiona ane = 40 when £5. find {the value vwheny=25, Aidan equation cnneting vals, Gi) the valves whens =e, 1 Qisinvessely pepewtionalto Had Q=1.28When 6) express Ginter off, {i find the vals of Q when i calculate ova of Posen @=02 8 workorsarcenpioytl to complete aconsructon ojctin toys Bee projects. eee fof the company i ol that he aes to complete the pojectin Hcy. Assn taal he weaker, wore athe soni ns many meteors des he nod empl in ort camp the projet oxyorp consigment of cde E912 cate foe 50 days: Gisen that all he cattle consis the Fodder athe some rte, fn © the number of cate an equ coosigament of Socks can fed to 75 dy, (the nar of days a0 equal consent of fodder can lst ts us fc 1575 cate [AL a specs camp, there is slfcent fod for 72 auhletesto ast 6 dys, FEW athletes ne abet rom the eamp, haw many more cys can he tt ast forthe ther athletes? State the assumption made H1= is tversely propomional to x ane X27. fled the value of hen <= 70. = Shen Wis inverselypropontiona and 422. fed the vals of B when A= E Far exchofhefiloing sisters propria to Copy and complete the aes @ ri z Pats ‘The frequency, filer (KHL) a oo wave © inserstypropotioal os wavelength, 2m, The frequency of a radio wave that Aas 3 wavelength oft i Ta Aa Fit (0 the fequeney of 2 radio wave that has a wavelength f S, the wavelets of ea wae that ae regency of 900 He on)12, The de, « hours eed 40 complete a jo i inversely. proportional to N-sehere A i6 the number ol en emplyed or the je. 3 men C0 Compt the jb 8 hous, {@) Find an equation connecting # aN (i) Final the mer hours de by 6 me to compte the jb Gay wine ns nbc in 3 or mony en need the employed? 13, 12 glashlowers can make 12 idomtca) ase in eminutes. Assoming that al the glasblowers svark at the same rte, bow long will take 14. 8 comsigorent of fle ean fe 108 sheep Sr 2 lay: Aout tht ll he shsgp consume he Sera he same te, bow ab consigemnens| odie ares ond $0 she or 0 NSE fay A takes 6 eines fil a tank and Tap takes? mines fil fhe same ark, Pipe Can fam the tank in 1S mines, Hove hn, wil fake to fil up the tank the pipe isin ase when th tps ane tunel on? 16.8 contractor ages 4 Fay 3 mal 308m in 30 days for § hours per day. Alter 20 working days, he ins that oly 1200 mf the eon! competed. He ‘many mote men des fe nes empl inorder tofinish the pot on time eich man now works orhours a day? me are empl al they ork We have lee that fs inversely proportional 10, than where ie constan and k 20 where & 6 constant and & #0, coxtnnn,‘ariales hit ae vere proportional 1 eal other ane ein your answer ord wed ‘olution: Sincey= 2, je.c'y= 2 i¢ constant thon trey protons a ) Since v= i.e. yF=3 fea costal thea vi nvescy ropa 10 JF seach of thf equations athe ne arabs which ae aecey Fi) ane ‘portional to each ther ant explain your answee red or ond = Norked 13 cca, aera '@) cakeulae he value y when v= 16, tly tan 2 Heme 4) find an equation connecting x and aiieos ated He Ai find the aloe af «when: =e rte a olution: When (2 162454 6 i tins 2 -3. Since vere praia fF then 9 a, whee & isa cmt 1. vis inversely propaninal ta an Find an equation conpecing x and» (ycaksate te sales of en v= % 2. isinverelypropertional io JF an so38 sven 24, neni Quon fin he salve of ywhen seen 9, find the value of ewhen 3. Giventhat ee imsersly peopontonal to VF. capv and compete the leota 14 “ % ks wah conti iis ours. 1 ound thatthe ammount ot Instore units, inser pu (1-2) hor, name sk there let ater Shes, Cau thea inthe othr ak af 7 Solution: Since vis inverly proportional r= thon k ca constank ‘The amount of bactena let the other flask ater 7 huss 36 ans The force, F newtnns 9, between fw particles i inversely proportional ta the square ofthe distance, dim, essexn them. Whoa the panies ate 2 apt the force between thant 6 1N, Fine 6 the force bewcen the pts sv ty ae 4 ithe stance between the patil When the are betwen then is 25 8~ Exercise 1D Hs foversly prop x2, (©, fg the vale of whan y= fin am equation connecting «ad (Gcalculse the stor a y when = 32. shen inversely prapotonl to and (0. nd an equation connecting w a= (i fi the value of= when w= 16, Gi ca ulate the value of when pos 3. For exch ofthe following equations, sae the tao variables which are inversely proportional to teach other ad explain your answer. 4A. i sisinveeey proportional to YE and = when 1 26 find the vale of = when x= 216 5. WePisinversely prpostionalto pe Sand g=S hen 122; ind te values of q when p= 17 {6 Given tat isinverstly proportionate copy and ‘compte the table pz ps ] he om [oa ‘Thefoxceafrepulion, Fpewtors IN between te paricles is n-exsly proportions tothe square of ‘he distance, om, betwen the prices, (Wit down 3 oreula connecting Fad (i) When he pits ara certain dance apart the once of repulsion #20 N. Find the foece wn the distance shale Fora fixed volume, the height, em, of a cone i insersly proportonal to the square of the ase rads, rm. Cone A has a hase radius of 6 em and a height of Sem, The hoes rac of Cone 8 is em an the height of Cone € 16 125 em, fall the comes have the same volume, fin (the height of Cone 8, (lh she ase aus of Cone C % If is inversely propotional to 2e+ 1 and the dierence he valves of when «20.5 and <=2 1509, Sin the yale a y een 4 =D, 1 inversely proportional to and y= B for 2 particular value of. Had an expression in ams of bor vv ths value of 5 ple. The force of aration Hwee 10 magnets is inversely proportional to the square of the dsiance hereen them. When the Magnes Fem apart the force of aration between ther TF mens (SI he distance between the Imogaets + increased! by 400%, the force oF Stenctin benacen them Focomes & N.Find the aloe oxorpcinch property + Laker sto then 1, where is a constant and �, 1 the graph of v gaint xis 2 taigh line that pases through the origin 2 Wyis meres propa ory + the geaphoty agains 2 hyperbols, a vt then 3 A where 9 constant and k #9, + the aph ofr asin is sag ine that sas roth gn oxrorn |Review... 1. Wy ctype wea (expres vintems oc {iy find the sale of ven = 1 seule the vale of «on = 2 GG caw the apo aginst 2. WA;sdvectly proper ane © thesaive awh () thevalue of when. a {set portional tan = 108 her {@ it a equation connecting a (fn the vale fy when v= 7, caine the vl ox when = 400, (0) daw the apo vans 4. rise proportional 9 sad what = 2.5, i {0 the vals of n when =, Gi the vakus of machen w= INI, 5. Ht isietly propatinal we fF aed = 126 find (the value of rvhen = {i the vale of hen 1 =2 ss iversely proportional oad when (expos cin terms of (@ fin the vac oy when = 6 Gy eaelae the wale a when 2. Wa isinversey proportional wp and y= 3 when 5. {0 anexpation connecting p ant g ) the vale of y hen p= 1, {Gy he sega value of p when = 8, sis iersely proportional + Land when = 8 fe 40) the val of shen 9, 1 the value oe when z= 24 9. ive that vis incre) propetion 2° apy and complete the tale, 10. Theol pny charges. Sora fed phoneine Consists oF ted ant of $9 wl wi fmmurt which pans om the espe. For every Print use, SOAS char (0 Hthe dation of usages 390 mutes, find the total mosh charges foe the fed phone ine (Ath otal monthly cages ore fse phone Fine re'S2.56, eeu the dation of usage {i Write afrmulaconnectingC and, where ‘nthe mumbo of mines of wage. Hence, State the two vaiables which are cect Propoianslwoach er 11, The grovitationl penal energy G joules 0, (of an object is iret propstins! tts height fe, show the surface of the Eath. When the fbject 6 at eight of 4m above the surface ft the Earth, ts gravitational potential energy 1 2200. Fd @ amexpaion connecting Gai {the yovitational porcataleney ofthe object cohen te ata height of 2m ahve the srt ‘the Eth, Gib the Height ofthe object above the surface of the Earth when i hoe a grvitationa potenti enengy of M28).12, ate makes dation hariubleeryisation 14, Seren ane hired ts comphtwa jb. Wane mone man ‘onamnibi bss Feral deen ciety ie he jon can be proportinaltoshesqureother mnfysvigs- It Asgaming that all te she saves SN an S1200 is fanvry aoe ebay fa respectively, her eanation sneresves by S88 ore bean emplte 8 ays caer Fanart Febnians Find thea nency she dlnatestothecnable gonna in wate he 13, Boy Law satesthar the press Pyne oF fice mossof asa censtontempetire inven Proportional 4 volun, dn The presse Wx ao a8 na aight maine 250 Pa Assuming thatthe temperature inthe eoetaine is eons, {@ the peesore ofthe gos aes volume is y the volume wf the as wher ss presse is Challenge, Yourself 1. Ais directlypropotanal 1 Cand is rectly peeprtionl tC, prone hat each of the follwing it diet proportional tC @ate ale van 2 tts given tat: isdecetly proportional tad merely propartiona toi {© Write down an equation connecting. y and: We +29, Sind the vale o when v= Sandy The time, T days, needed to paint some ltings is rectly propentional othe nu «oF viings, tha need 4 be patel and inversely proportional othe suber of painters empl. 18 paitrs can paint 3 uilelings in 20 days, (0 Find an equation connecting 7 a Ai Fi the name ys ec by 16 panes o pine useing. (Ga) 10 beings are we painted in 24 days, how many painters nett be employs? oxroK ores @eng ei sbatons pot sy tat end reatwes. When stoppNg or tif me doom cur git craoes two tars and we Nea how co me deterine te number ofeach item o buy?Chapter Two LEARNING OBJECTIVES [Althe enol his chapter, you shouldbe be to * tt he grant of ssn, + satatheimeroap o asa ine, + sate ne equation of ahorzoralin arto! 8 erica in, + cam gran of tear equations inte fo at +b =k + sovesrutangoistner equations two vrates using (a) tne apnea mod (©) te aminaton meta, (@) the sdsttaion meod * formate pr of inca equations in two variates to sve mathemati! arc e-e cdians.‘The equation ofa straight ine inthe form y= ses where mandi are constants Naw, we shal ake 3 lnk at hr changing te ale of mal ffl th ine © ee Investigation Equation of Staiga In this investigation. we shall explore how the graph ofa sagt ie in the orm y= me + changes when either Go to hittin shingles com sy/StudentResources! ant pen the spreadshet Equation ofa Staight Line’ 1, Change the vale of «fram —3 1 3 ia stops of 1 by clicking onthe scroll har, What happens to the Hine? Sate the coordinates of the point where the ine cuts he 2x 2. Change the vie of rom Ot in steps of. What apne ta the nat Change the vale of rato $n stops of 1. What happens the fine? 44. What isthe difrenceheiscen fine with 9 postive value form and line wih 2 negative vale fr © ven oxvounGradient of a Straight Line Look at tte roads around yer. Some roads are steeper than thers Te sep 9 ad isthe hard i ko walk th on. Gradient near ofbm seep spe From he inesitin on the reo pe fn + ohare the bah intercept Note:The rinterept eters to the xcoonate othe pint of intersection of the line with he yan The equation of 9 ait ei it for conan sth gradient ofthe ithe cons From the Investigation, we have dscanered tha the owen oa ine em be ether postive or gate Fig, 2.20) sha 9 prationt spas, + Fig. 2.2 she 9 fine that slopes fro the est 1 ght and adient isnt tine that spe ira the ett th ight al pnd bons en reer oro (2) Positive groin ) Regatvewaton Fig. 22 In real ie, can the wakes ofa slope he aegaive? From the investigation, we can alo sae hat a5 the able vale ee raion ‘ners the slepnessof the fine craves For example, Hine wih pati of 3 isstooper than ane wth a gat of? since 3> 2: ua line witha grace of Isako than fine with agit of? although -3 <2. How do we find the gradient ofa ne? ‘The grader ofa straight lines the messi ofthe rai of he veticl changer ise) to the horizontal change (ora. etal ehange se Geatiet = aralckangs ‘oMtORD &~»a nd heather ofeach of thong es on / \ Solution: @ oy “Take two poin' and B00 the line and daw dotted nes te he cgh angled Hang ABC Vertical change or rise) BC «St Hotizowal change (or un) AC =2-0 2 Since th ine stapes ups roan the et tothe right, its packet pose Graont = verical change oxtony @D cersTake two points P and @ where the line cuts the s-axis ad rans respectively Let 0 be the iin, 0) Verical change ior rc) OF = 6 Horizontal change or un} OQ = 2 Since the line slopes downwards fram the left to the igh ts gradient negative ration = HE Find the gradient uf wah othe following nes soe 24 Quin 24 we Lior Gaps ond Senta Une eutons Caner?‘oxroen,as Gradients of Staight Lines Work in pais Consider the points D3 and 12.8, 6) onthe Hin in Wenked Example (0 Find he aden of DE i) kaon’ of DF = yathen of AR? prence, we can choose any two points ona line to find its gratien becouse the graton ofa suaigh lie is ‘Altes learning howto find the gradient ofa straight ine, we need to have» sense of| ‘themagrite af the stenee of ne Class Discussion Gradients inthe Real World 1. How snp nd ih» ont of 17 2. ows ine wih nc of 1, Measure the angle of inclination betwen the andthe bot onl wz Fig.233 2. How stoop isa road witha gradient of 22 Make an accurate drawing of| 8 fine wih a grocent of 2 and, indicate the vertical change an horizontal ‘change clearly Measure the angle of inclination. 2. Ret gp 2 ora od ith pet of 4a yu cond wad wih nation! ft step or gel? Disc wth out lnm dese many asm Plan nes tot of 5. Dovou cols nadwiha panto | weep or ol Dic th jour loans where allen af mo vals in ian ae pte ta coress than a oes @§ Horizontal Line Investigation Gradient ofa Horizontal Line Inti Fig. 2.4 shows a horizontal ine. Fig. 2. “There ae points onthe line, The coordinates ofA and Cave given ite dawn the coordinates of B and of D. 2. In theline segment AC, ‘ise = andeun = 3. Inthe ne segment RD, tise —andvun =. 4. What can you conclude about he gradient of horizontal line? Liner a westigaton, we cal find aut what the gradient of a horizontal ine i zw OXFORDte Vertical Line Investigation Gradient of Vertical Line In this investigation, we shail find out what the gradiert of a vertical line Is Fig. 25 shows vet ine Hig 23 1. There a4 points onthe ne. The coordinates of and fate gen Wte down the coorinates & @ and ofS. wz, 2. inte ine segment PR, ‘ snd run 3. Inthelinesegment Qs, re actin als % and Sonia et 4 What can you conclude about the gradient of» vertical line? ese 24 Quet | t ewer @Line t pt | 2 | “Write down the grant of ech of the ve ines 2. Given that the exquation of the fine representing each of the following linear graphs is 49 the form vs find the gradient wan sate the intercept os oxtonnoxyonn3. The figure shows ive line segment. ln the figure, tine 1 15 parallel te the v-axis and Line 3 is parallel to the y-axis. Line Further Applications of Linear Graphs in Real-World Contexts tn this section, we wil eam haw to apply the concepts of aden and -inercept to sole near graphs use dlailystuations, oxzorp °Worked oy asses nem Example pee relate ee eles ta (0900 huts, his biyele he sullered a puncture ad the spent hall an fur epg i, He then continued bis journey al reach his estnation at 1130 hous (a) Han far di te eyes tavel ore his bicycle tyre sere a yume? (0) Find she gradinnt of each of the Following line sme, sat cat wha on iy aw sch gain ese Digance reveled tn) ‘Solution: 4a) 2040, 0) Gaaioar oa = ‘he eels traveled 20 kn a1 ou, be, is aerage sped sas 20 Ione his bye ye sues pnetore Gi) Goto of 820 Hsing cycling, i his average sped was Ze Graton of we= 2 18 “The average speeds th ts partons ene ws 1S Ranh Oo. SPORDA techician ia a Computer fm ewe fon his workshop t separa customer's “tomputer. On his wai ack be opp to eepair anther camer computer “The estance time grap shows nis ete gray, Dinance evaled ead | | a i LL PTPe ee ch compute? (8) How long dhe ke rei. {&) How for irom hs workshop was hist uate? 4) ied ho gyda of exch oft fling ne sees, sting clay what ‘each gradient presen 0% ae cn be ie 2H eatin 1iourmey be topped iat 1, The yep saws Kai jo td» cn in Fon. acing breaks at efter, after hich he coatinucd to drive to Town C Didance sscled km) ime hours) woo 10301190130 1200 {@) Atha time did he leave home? 1) How far did he teavel hefore he ached te entra? 4 Fin the grades of each ofthe follwing fine segments, stating clearly what each gradient represents. 08 an i acthan eyes rm home ta pot office. On his way back, he topped at hawker ceive to have is breaks, The distances raph shone his env journey. Distance ran home (em ‘9600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1300 1200 4) How far fom bis home was the pos office? 18) Find the ttl time he stayed 3 the poser and atthe hawker conta ©) Find he gratin of each ofthe follwing ine segments, stating clearly what each gant represents. aan 4c iy De) Horizontal and ertical Lines tn section 2. we have lero thal the equation of staght line is inthe form se here he const efine afd he cst +t Consider the quition ofthe sai line y "20-1 Foreach value there isa comesponingvaluc of When {ewe plot hee points on a sheet oprah paper, we otal a te the teb sd, Hoon he the cons se pre sa he ‘Does the point (10 ie onthe Hine with esis We replace shy-4and ry 10 in the equation y= 24 1 ts RH: Since the coortnates of 4, 10) do ot sty the equation fat le the ie ‘What arethe equations ofa horizontal line and a vertical tine? Investigation “Equation of Horizontal Fine Fig. 24 show a horizon y AaB 60.8) © cour one.1. What isthe graiot of the honzontl ine? 2. There are 4 point on the line. The coordinates of A and of € ave given, Write dow the coordinates of and oD. 3. What do you notice about the y-coordinates ofall he four points on the horizontal ine? 4. What do you think the equation ofthe horizontal ne is From the investigation, since the gradient m of horizontal ine 0, the equation of| | horizontal ines a = = Teun 2st 4 fel: | 2 ta —h +. Line 2 =. 19 Write don the equation each othe given hoizontal ines. 2) Inthe grap, craw each fhe le eth the allowing equations. ee fs20 cone area et OpInvestigation Equaonofa Vera Line fig 27 shows aver re Fig. 27 What the gradient ofthe vertical ine? 2. There ae 4 points on the fine. The coordinates of # and of R are given write don the coordinate of @ and ofS. 3. What do you ootice shout the secoordinates ofall he four poets om the veil line? 44, What do you think he equation ofthe vertical ne? From the investigation, cince the gradient m of @ vertical ine # undeined wer cannes seit thee Tine im the form = me + ¢ Uns the verwslinnteso all e pointcn venience to hese coma alae the exation ofa vert na 3 ve(a) Wate down the equation of ech of the given vertical lines. (6) tothe graph. caw each of he lines with he flowing equations. Describe the tines, Graphs of Linear Equations in the O A where Tinea equations in th ‘ot liswer euatons Inthe form y= mx #6 Section, we shal take 3 look atthe paps of im ae + bk where wba ate conanInvestigation, Graphs ofax by 1, Consider the equation 2+ y=. Using» geaphing sotteare, daw the graph of 4 y= 3. the points A, 1 and 2, 5) leon the graphin Do theconnnates ofeach ofthe point sai the equation 2:4 Explain your answers (6%) The pnt (1, ) esc the graph in). Determine the vale ofp Gs) The pit (7 Fes on the raph in @). Determine the value of (9) On the same aes in (0, craw te graph ot r= -2¢+ 3. What do you notcee Hence. shaw algically hat s=—2e+3 can be obtained from 24 =3. 22. Consider te equation 3. Using graphing software, dw the graph of 3¢—48=6. The pein @ Hes onthe graph in @, Determine the value of. (Gi) The pein; -15) les onthe graph in @). Determine the value of. (Gv) Site the coordinates of tv other points that sais the equation &x—4y=6, What do you notice? (0) Onshe same aes ia. deaw the yrphofr= 3-3 Hence hoagie tha = 33 on eosin fom == 6, Worked eng Chonan The variables «and comes y te ation Example 2e= y= 2 Some vakes of an! the coxesponding vale of are ye ne ae fa feted » ei? () Caeulte the vale op (0) On a sheet of graph paper, sing a sale of 1 em torepresnt | unto te vaxisand 2em to represent unit an the y-axis, kaw the graph of 2¢~— 3y-= 2 for-ere. (0 The point, 9) Hes the opin Find the value ofa 14) G@ On thesame axesio tb, cow th raph of {Sate the soins of the point onthe raph (of 243692 that asa cooninate 1 &~» extORD:Solution: 6 Wan x8, mesh yes pt LI Seger tune ‘The variables andy are connected by the equation ax + += E, Some values of» and the corresponding values are given i the tale. (a) Find he vale of. (@) Ona sheet of graph paper using a sca fem to represent nit on the exis and [em to epeesent f uniton the jas, dae the graph af 3's y= 1 for 2a 182, (©) The point (1, Hes on the raph inh. Find the vai of 4) On the same anes de the graph os = 0.5, Ste the eonaliate ofthe point an the graph 3s + Scoorinate nf ‘hat has Feed Quin cove @line 1 (a) We dane the equation ofeach ofthe piven horizontal tes, (by Inthe graph, cave each ofthe lines ith he folowing equations. Ore esr ths ins (a) wee down the equation ofeach ofthe given weil ins. (4 1 the graph, craw each ofthe Hines with the folowing equations o Describe the lines2. The vatiahles x and y are connected by the equation =¥ 4 2y = 4. Some values of «and ‘hecorespunding voles of xare ven inthe ble {) Find the vate of» and of 4 (6) On a sheer of raph paper, asing a sale of 1 emo represent! union the vais and 2m te repesent unit on the ani, daw the Bophol-=20=4 lor Snes. {© The point (0.5) lies on the graph in (b Find the value of (@ (On the same axes in), draw the graph eed i Sta the coordinate ofthe pot om the sph of c+ y= hal has ance = E We ave fear a graphs of 9-922 v= Simultaneous Linear quations Using Memod 48, Consider the equation -2c 49 =-3, (a) Copy and comple the tle =] 4/0 1b) On a sheet of raph paper, asin a scale of 44cm to represent 1 unit on the xls and 2em to represent | untonthe van aw the aph of-20 + r=-3 for 2 (©) On the same axes in (h),daw the graph i) Find the are ofthe tapeiam bounded by the ines -2r-45"*-3, 9-1, and the sand what che elaianship between the graphs af two nea equations when we cea theme the same anes? What she connection hetwoen the connate ofthe pint ff tect af the ho raps al the ir values of and that ssa othTe sovenigation J ‘Solving Simultaneous Linear Equations Graphically 1. Consider the ear equations 2e+ 368 and 34- ¥=2 om he 6 Usinga gyaphing sottware, daw the graphs 24 +36 Sand (What are the coordinates ofthe point of intersection of thew graphs? {iy Five pais of values of «ans are given in Table 2.1 able 241 Determine the pair of values of and that sates beth the equations 2c 25 and Sey 22. What do you notice? 2. Consider the linear equations 3¢—4y= 1 ad S43. (© Using graphing stare, draw he graphs of the same axe, (hat are the coorlinate ofthe pont of intersection ofthe tw graphs? (i) Hence, sate the por of values of «and that sais both the equations Bi-ay= Wand Se 7823, ‘what can we conchdle about the coordinates ofthe point of irtersction ofthe ‘wo graphs and the par of values of «and « that satisfies bot the equations? Explain your answer (snd 546 7¢=30n In the investigation, the graphs of 20-+ = 5 and Bu — #2 inteset a the point (1, 1).«2 1 and y= 1 satisfies the nwo linear equations simultaneously. We say thaties Vand y= 1 is the soln of the simltanea linear equations 204 3y28 and 3x ¥=2, ‘Can we say the same fr the linear equations SeChoice of Appropriate Scales for Graphs Beforowe proceedto daw arp, wechaveta conse 9 stale scale. The filling _uldolines may be vf + Usea camenient == se tree Taear= 13 @ Ae5e07 we Sye8 2. Using the elimination method, solve the simultaneous equatensIci somesinns wecossiryf© manipulate One of the equations before we can ‘eliminate a variable iy akon ox subtraction. Worked ; ae Example Using the elimination med, salve the simultaneous ssp ieo2ves Solution: Bes Ipetent zw. ainyn?-—o goth si. an V tonsa ze e082 SNC at tn ral Subsite c= 2 to: $2) ‘The solution sx = 2and y= Using the elimination mod, solve each of the following pies of simultaneous ewe een 208 ‘equations (a) 2ee3e= 08 Wb) deepen aes Resde=7 11 is sometimes necessary 10 manipulate hath the equations before we can eliminate a variable Worked Example Using the etlinaton met, sve the smutanens equations reree Yeas Solution: Det abe raya Sesotho pest ' #0 GU" N+ Ble + Bea eS ane 122 Sib 2) NED = 20InWorked Example 7 ft easier ciminae first Explain your anserby showing thaw Came elimina Using the etinnation method, sake each of the following pais of simancous Fn 6 ‘equations. haven O42) ) 8-45-17 Bowen he Wore Tliniston wet Example OF ange einrotcn ah soe he atau ts Solution: Method 1 Subtle y= Rint: = 2 “The ction kim Pandy = 18Method 2: 9xitis6e =O Gia sSE— rat? Subtae x= 12 oe 4 sats ‘The solunior is v= Land» Using the clinination method, solve the simultaneous equations 2 Caton Fa pve 2 Feat sae Solving Simultaneous Li Substitution Method ‘sav, salt ook at how wen sa of smukancous eons ‘Sg te ustinion mead ‘nis met fe ronan co oon ns on eines slineher ra, ee we tes epreson ter aon SS ebtanan eqaten in clyon mie ear Equations Using Worked ‘ Example Using the suitution method solve the simulans see Ia -2ye 21, peers Solution: From, y=57~4¥ » rearange 2 eens en Sobetiole nwo 175-2087 replace n #1 wth expresso it . ones} vohethoogaen en zy Subsite y= io 3.925749) sue Hessian vm the epesion leninQn inking & Time en prin F CN Bal Using the ubstition method sole the simulans erations 1 a Feampte 10 Solution: Bete) from Subsite ita ave EAE 96447 30) dee BN 126 Salta = ita ‘the sation f= Dandy = Using the sustain tod sole the sinlaens epations lyre on at We deeShe i thivay Betyeb mil what sas rong Explain yur ans. Worked : ations Solution: From tues Deve From 2.Me=2vay-t Boyes Sebtiute ino: Substitute = Sinie 219266) The slong = 5 aa oxtorD1. Using the dimination method, sol each af the Using the elimination method, solve each ofthe follenting pir of sinshonenus equations following pats of simultaneous exutions, fy cosele ves Raat UW) dvedea gs ‘- ora ten 3s Bro 2vead wire a reser @ Seedvell Srste=o frases o sme Sroare23 does ee Using the substitution method, solve each ofthe @ 32s @ 5-429 folonsng pas of simultaneous equations th 50-9 deameT ese? mh te yeah o 3 toes ae Hagel 2s HS Reread Bea 2ee29 5 ination mated solve each ofthe @) SHIVA ACHES IO following pairs of simultaneous equations deere ste? Ted IT) loresra to @ ee (hy Seedee3 Maden? e331 Senta s-42 6 fests @ Kove aeSye7 aed | We O ose? Roped Beye 10 | Using the elimination method, solve each of the folowing pose malian equations. cye0s th 2 s0e=8 85d) Ges Aras 1S Sear @ cows oxroRP,Using the liminatian metho, solve each ofthe folosng pas of smutamnsoue equations. a ee7=0 hy Teoh 3=0 WeR-U=0 Synz 1750 Fo See-200 dy Santee =O eeSr-6: Te=6y-20=0 (@2e3-He0— ueSee8e0 edo M=0 tee By 2 0 7. Using the elimination method, salve each ofthe following pies of smtaneous uations, Using the sbtiution method, salve each of the folowing paws of simultaneous enuations @reSe12 dy ara sn2s ede fea 8=9 owener vanes fe sees Taira fo 2-Se225 se? Aeetred homes 9. Using the substitution method Solve each of he foeeing pai of smutaneoue sitions @ feye2e0 te oxroun 10. Using liber the climiaation «the substation method, solve each of the following pairs of simultaneous equations aes 1 isthe solton ofthe simatancous Swreqve dh find the value ofp and og 12. liy=-Landy=Sis the soln the silanes equations pes acon find the value pate q 13. A computer animation shows 3 ea! vig in a Saige. ts height, "mete, above the sound. Js given hy 8s ~ 3h =-9, shove wis the te i seconds ater tans mevingInthesaneanination. | mouse sbrtsto move atthe sme ow asthe eat ded ite movernent is given hy "29 1dh = 16, Find the height shove the ground and the ine When the cat meets the mouseApplications of Simultaneous Equations in Method 1 Soe ee sem PRRA--« Teams of calee pieces astWe shall nn ike ume we can Sle the pan hy wig he aga mobo Method Let the castor 1 cap ofcece he Sal th ont pie the Dyed = NG Sule v= Hin 2 St) +4) = 86 arenes Cost oft eup ofc Cost of I piece of eas = 00 Werke LD. sreserreo mes li nen Example 3-Fin theo ube Solution: Let these ner athe peter sumbr he (ye 2ea=0 as ino ite 64 38697 Subst ‘The two nanbor ate 32 al 38 ap Ts « yu sve orkel Example 12 by using aly ome variables?“The sum aftwo numbers Mand thee dfeence is 9 Fin the two numb. S02 2. One tied ofthe sum of to anghs is 60" and ne quater of thee flan 2. The figure shows a retangle with is lngth and breath as indiste. Find the pevimetr of he rectangle ceryr2 f S aren} ecr2en Or her Worked 3 evince ntip hese Example ofa faction, healucabcnedis 2.1 isubraced from 4s numerator and | from is denominator. the resulting value is Find the fraction. Solution: Lethe numerator ofthe fraction be x andl its denominator hey; let the faction be From), e+ 1)=20°42) Beda 20d seared 5 2 + the factionis 3. 1 sad the erator and he denominator a action the value obtained xr ton 1641S esac tom names om omit te ein values Find action @ owerExample “wo years ago, Jun W's mother was te ies a8 cold as un Wei Caleuste {8 Jun Wels presen 290 (the age of un Weis mosher when hewas bon, Solutio (6 Lettne present age of un Wer's maser be «yeas al tha Jun Wet be yeas. “Thon wo yous ago, Jan Wee's mtr sas (2) yeats ole a Jun Wei was (9-2) yeas ol. Poms Jun Weis present age = 16 years (8) Subaitte y= 16into t= 3(16)—4 Age of un We's masher wise he wagon == 16 = 28 years 1. tn five yea tine, Kate's thr wl be themes as ld as Kate. For years ago, Foe usin ber ater was sk times sold as et. Find he resent ages as 2. To vist heron consenateras t Garden by the fay, 11 ads ad eileen fave to pay $280 wheres I ads and 9 chen Rave to py SK Find het amount ay 2 ats and 3 len has to pay ovis the wo comsentoies : eT ome: @We ‘When the digits ofthe numer are reverse aad the number is subracted trom the original number, the west obtained is 18 Find the ial num Solutior {Let the tens digit oF the original number be and it ones iit he ‘Ther the original aumber i 105+ she number ohiained when the digs of the origial number ave roversed is y Shon et oe From (2, Wore y= ty = 18 Seng Oo tne O90 18 te ped yeu a 4-322 ive 9 tenet a etcer ne ti te ‘A wort number i soc thatthe sum of ts digit LL When the dis of eee ean the numer ate revert ad the number He stad for te eign mi, th esl bain 4 Fn! he exiginal number Exercise {In each of he following questions formulae a pair af linear equations in hwo vnables to soe the problem. 1, Thesumoftwmnumbersis 1 Wandthet dirence 3, Abeta a wallet cos $42.7 els an wallets 1 8, inl the te urs, Cont 213. Find the cont ofeach ie, 2, The difrence between two numbers is Wand 4. 8 Ag of potatoes and $ kp of carte cost $25 their sum is four tines the smaller number, whevens 2 ky of potatoes and 3 kp wf aero Hrd the te rambes ost 11.20. Find the cost of hy ot cach tam,Two umber are ach that 7 sade ote est hurmber. a number twice the second nusber i Dotaned W 20 is added 4 the second muster, trenumber obtain is four tines heist aarer Fi the nwo numbers 6. Thesumoitwonumbers isa tthe sller nner isene ith ofthe ner numb, find evo nae, 7. One fh of the sum of two angles i 2° ae hl thei dlerences 1A iad the two angles 18. The tigate shows am equilateral angle with it sido 35 indeatadFind the length of exch side of the triage, Day cere oem een 9, The figure shows a rectangle wit its length ane Ihre ae inated. Given that the perimeter of the rctnyl 13m, ind the aren the rte Grom (ex-3)em Gene 10, Thefigreshowsa rhombus wth is sides init. ind the perme the figure (eye Dem fs ea tem OxFOND 11.1014 stated om the suns a om the denominator aa Faction, he vale oan ie EH eared tots pret ad fo ts dlsminatr th esuing vale is 2. Fn tho 12, The giant pandas Kai Kai an Hi fia reside at the River Sf. The sam of thei apes when they firs arrived in Singapore in 2013 was M1 yoars {In 2022, Kai Kai will he the times a old 35 Jia Ja wasin 2013, Fined heir age ia 2014, 15.6 adults and 4 senior etzens have to pay S228 ‘while 13 adults and 7 senior citizens have to pay ‘ts9tovistan exon atthe AnScence Museu, Find the total amount 2 als ane senor tien hve to pay 0 vst the ex “14. Lixin intends to uy ether Gil A, hich ests $1, o-Git which cuss, as Crsmaspitsiorcach al her parents, 2 slings. 13 relatives ad 10 fond, Given that she intends 10 spend $23, find the numer of ach gt she shoul buy. 15, There are come chickens and goat an a form Given tht the animals have a tol of 8) heals and 140 legs, ow many mre chickens than pats ace thee! 16, Sat is vies enwoen Ethan and Michel such that one qunter of Ethos share is equal to Sith of Michael's share, Hone much das each of ‘ham receiser 17. Rai Feng cps wet of $25 in Bank A and Bank # atthe beyening of 2085. Bank A ane Bank B pay simple intrest 3 ates of OS sock 165% per annum respectively. He with al his money ftom the two hanks athe nd 20°3- {the amount of interest he eared rom ech hank isthe same, find the amount of money he deposited in each bank18, Two numfers aro such that when the lager number is alvct y the smalier number, th the qietien and the remainder ate ex 10 2 I tive tines the smaller number is divided by: the larger number, both the quotient and the reminder ae aso outta. Fedtho tw aves, [A tort sumer i: suc that the sum ofits Ags fof he umber. Whar the dg of the nomber ae reversed and the number is subtracted fom the original number, the sult ‘bvaine ie 4S Fin the egal number. 20, Raj has S10. he buys # pars al § mangos, Ihe wil be short of $1:10. he bas S peas ane 4 mangoes, he wil receive $1.75 in change Find the price of | pea and I mang (s ew) AL The equation of 2 straight line isi the form mu hee the conan ms the gradient cf the ln anl he comsant the yntereept. Summary 2. The gadiont ofa straight line ithe measure of the fat of the vertical change (or ese to the horizontal change or i, 1 Geis ~ Gonzont change run W sre andy=bsatiy each othe pvosienaltareous equations into varia, thon su and v= Bs Ito 3 pluton of he heaton. 4. A pir of simultaneous linear equations in we ‘arable cnn be sey = thogaphical method, + thealimination method, * tnosubsttution method 21. Muixian’s mother buys some shares of Company en Day 0. On Day 7. te shave price of Conny $400, be sell ll Ber shares fof Company and buys 2000 shares of Compaay'# an Day 7, she would receive $7400 (On Day 12, the shore price of Company A is $9180 andthe shave price of Company # Is SDS les than that oo Day 7-H she sllsall hoe shares ‘of Company A and buys 5000 shares of ‘Company 80a Oay 12, she wou haveto pay $800, Find (0 the umber of shires of Company A Muixan’s tthe hs (the share price of Conpany # 00 Day 12 5. Thesoldion of paiafsimulaneou linear eqations Iegivenby the conelintesothepoin ofinteetion ‘of the ras of he te equations, 6. Apr ofsimultaneous ines equatins has aniline rumba solutions ie rah ofthe we epaions selena 7. A paie af simullanaous linear equations has no ‘olan the graphsothehsoequstions areal 1, Focmathematical anal problems that vole “Simultaneous equations weformuhte spare nese ‘equtens in to variables before solving th ‘kaon in the probes oxtoanReview, ~~ the fom hf he fllosing ine graphs isn2 The flag down fe of tals $n The tox charges Se For each kilometers, Use dhe gph find he val fo 0 Charges(8) Distance aveled en) {Two mobile phone companies, and i, offer plans with alltime rate as shone in he ap. Charges s) a O wwe (How ech ds Company A ange for 20 minutes talk (How auch des Company 8 charge fo 30 minutes of talk ie? (jar We ves les than Sih minutes of atime per month, which company ‘would be able to offer hm A ete price? Explain your Gi) Which company has a eater tate of merense n charges? Explain your answer, (Michael was pay only fora tlk ime plan pr month, ‘which company shoul he chose? Explain your answer4. Consider the cation 204 (@) Copy arel complete the tbl ~ 4+]0]4 (©) OM 9 shetof raph paper, esng a scale 2 cm to represent 1 nit the rants and 1 em to eepeesent | unit om the sanis. dow the graph of erethederss (6) The poin (2) ison the graph in by. Find he vale ofp 1) dy Oninesame aes int), caw the graph of =-05 ) State the coordinates of the point of intersection of the graphs of 5. @) The varias sand yane conetel hy the equation Sr~3¢=2, Some valves ‘of andthe comesponiog values of y ae given in the abl LT [ate @) Fit ihe value of pal fg 6) On a shee of raph paper, using a scale oft cm 40 represent | unit com both aes, daw the graph of St Ave 2 -$ 89. (6) Consider te equation fs +t = 7, 46) Copy au complete thet, 1) On the same axes in ta, caw the graph of #427 fox -$-< <7, (6 Hence, soe the simultaneous equations Sx Av=2 and Ae+ v=, 5. Soe each ofthe follosing pie of nulls equations. (a) Yeo 26 = 10 ( Yerden28 S42 aro (© 26-5022? @)6r-F=16 deotee ls Betee tt oa 0 Semtyed "Tow numbers ave such that if 1 added tothe fist name, a numer tice these number i aba 20s added othe second number, the numer htnnod ses heft mur. Fade ems18. The igure shows a paralelogram with ts sles as indicated. Find the prime ofthe parallelogram, (eee em re / a Hem 9.161 wate fom the mamta 2 sai he demir 2 fc the vaso. 3 1 aed ois mart and 2 sumac fom ts desoinat, he rsing wal Fd he facto, 10, A tori number such thatthe sum oft digas is 12 andthe ones cg fs tie is tes dig. Find the number 1n four years’ time, Kata’ mother will he three tis as old as Khair ‘Six yer ao, his mother wns seven times a8 od as him. Fd &) Khai’ presen age, i tho age of Khas maser when hewas horn 42:1 Shire gives3 10 Py, hiya will veces much a Si. Paya gives 35 0 Shitey, Sle will have hice 98 much as Priya. Hew much cos cach ofthe hier 43, A vendor buys 36 smonphones and tlle computes for $28 68. Given that | sranphore coss $895 anda tablet computer cess él, find the number ‘of exch tem the vendor buys, 14, 5 cups of icecream milk tea and 4 cups of cttn fea cost 2630 whereas “ cupsof icecream nik andl Gcupsofcron te cost 3K Find tedileence betwen the cost of 1 up of caer mi ea and t cup of eivon te 15, Vishal mixes elce power that Coss $2.9 por kg with cofae ponder that ‘costs $8.50 per kg ven that he sold 20g ofthe mitre at $2.80 pe Such tht he does not make any peobit oc incur any bss, find the mass of ‘ech ype of cofle power hat he uses forthe mtr. 16, A motile company charges a fixed sate of « cents pee mite for the fst 0 minstescf talk ine and anther ateo cents per mt for ech additonal inate tale, Ethan paid S250 and $320 or 75 minutesand 210eninutes ‘ofa time on hwo diferent aecasionsrespectivel. Fd the amount he hast payit he oss la minutes of atime. ina Mathematics ts, the average score chained by Class 2A is 72 and the average soare ane by Close 2B i 75, The average core obtained by the two classes is 714X. Given tha there i 2 oa of 75 stadents iy the vo lates find he numbe students in each lass. oxroen3) Challenge, 1. Consider the simultaneous equations poses, R24 Determine the condtions that p and g mus satis the simultaneous xyutions have 40 an inte number of slutions, Ai) no solution, unique solution 0 only one soaton 2. Solve the simultaneous equations 3 Two positive numbers are such thatthe sum of 11 times the squste 0” the fest ourer and 13 times the cube of the second number is 395, #218 |s subtracted from 26 times the cube of the second numb, the number ‘htniners 121 mes the square ofthe fst number, Find he two mes 4 Some spiders, dragoniis and ouslis are kept in thre spent enclosures They have a total of 20 heads, 16 legs and 19 pits of wings. Given that 8 spider has 8 legs and © pais of wings, a dragonfly has 6 legs ant 2 pats ‘of wings. an a ously has 6 legs and I pao ngs, find (6) the numberof piers, {i the numbor of ago, (idthe numberof haus. 5. A rooster cous $8 andl a hen cose $3. Chicks are soldat 3 for SI. A fare bought 100 bir ofthese thee types fr $100, How many of each type of bid i he ay? int Tete ae three posible sets of answersExpansion and Factorisation of Quadratic Expressions Ateacror 28 stunts hears of rectangle (+ + Dh anaits thaw to factorse quacat expressions, you ibe ale to dear how the stud arr at is aneChapter ThreeRecap (Algebraic Expressions) tn Book 1, we hve lent that an algebraic exprein isan expression hat Ceisofalebeatermsapestony ais, )or track Ana xpress 0 equal ‘We have aso faut that the agree expression 3x3, shew ae: + tems 3-5 # Usain: + constant term -S “The coaicient of is 3 “The algebraic expression 3S isan exampleota linear expression of te foxm far P where x8 the only variable, anle-ane Bare const, ‘Now, we shall lea howto manipule quadratic expressions in one sarible “The general orm of a quadeatic expression none variables’ + be where Stethe vase, band eae Contant anda #0. Representation of Quadratic Expressions tn Beck. we ave ant tha an al ic 0 es from back ® a front back Simian, for an alga dise where oe sideshows the variable the othr side will how. 2 front bck To obtain the negative of, weflip she dis with # shown: Qa ayer ‘eae ‘To obtain the oegative of efi eo ae coop We put vo dlscs an! together, ne will get a ze pai: Ox Fre © cissers : fue Exe canon,ve use vee @ elses to represen OOO wervere We ie tee iss a represent “Ae WE Be KUEL oo To obtain the negative of 3.0. (4), we flip te three dies show: @@0 an oe ee Be) “To olain the negative of-2e be. (0, wept thee = asa shown eve MP OOO reyes ‘changes ‘What happens if we put thee ales and thee dss together? O- ® ae e-ae=0 Ow We wil get 20 as wecan abe use alge discs to represe quadkatic expressions Example:20 403 OQOVDD wey serereccnseneen Example:-20° 4-41 OP ae et tecerreascort ‘What isthe quadratic expression represeniedty Gi @) QQ a 1? # Addition and Subtraction of Quadratic Expressions ‘We will show how cat out ation and subtraction of quadaticenpresions ting algebra cs, ‘ramples 48 420° Q000 ao DOOOOO Thao 48262 oxtoxnramped? 4-20) @ ® 2 ® a @ O22 leo Same ie Ars Thera he = 20 = Example: 40=26- (0) 4442 2.0 fe ae 2@0 2@6 ) eo ~QN@0 = DED “AP 2430442 pa asst penned Ww, wins? Theron te 20 CWI] ee 2= BeBe 2 gu heres) he tr tome at Re re Secs np San Simpliy each of the following expressions by using algebra discs. Alematively you may visit hiip/kvww-shingle.com syStalentResources! to access the AlgeTonl sofware Co to aged siQuadatic Expeessions Activity 1) @ are ) aes i2e) (@ 40-28 ae f2e-3- 841 OSE HCN (2-4 @ owes 7 owsoesNegative of a Quadratic Expression |i Book 1, 6 have lent how ta fine the negative of in 66+ 2)=-4=2, sing ara ccs ooo" sexy Mee Similarly, 0 fd she megive of a quacatic expression, we ip al the dics. mative of aq bramples-26 +e 1) OF) ew ereen) Thertore 04 4 We can ao simplify qudtatic expressions invalving the negative ofa quate expression sing algebra lcs, Example: 2° 360 1-¢05-26-3) E82 82k et @ QE REED BE ACS a gD OE Therofoe, 2 c+ IGE =Te= Te 2 Ie 4 1-0 #204 3 ini a got nese a espresson! =P Aes 264 143 group tke tr a4 Simply each of the following expressions by using algebra diss, Atematve you may visit http:/iwwwshinglee.com.spStudentResaurces to access the ‘gen bare Got algedQuae xpressons/Acanty @ 26ers) © » (ores Be 45s 2) @ eae Te 3ty} Expansion and Simplification of Simple Quadratic Expressions In Book, we Rave leat hw a expand te Ua expression 2+ 3 y ‘pesos grup off 3 sing alpina ss ‘Therefore, 20743) = 246 ‘We can expand quadratic expressions of similar forms using alba dss example: 224 1)cambe represented by’? groups of Ok #1) BOSD eed _Wecan ako simpli quadatic expressions vol¥ngthe expansion ofa quadatic ‘expression using algebra dss. Examples -¥° <4 24.306 #.¢= D, where Me = 1) cam be represented y "a groupe of #41 Se ADH HN) pa DE IE Se ogg aL Therelore, et F4 24308 4x Wey 9 HD NG eH) 3 expan 2A 2-3 yyoup hike testExpand andlor sipliy cach ofthe following expressions by wing alge ses Alteratively. you may ws tp shingle com syStarntReenutce! access the AlgeTools™ software [Goto algedscrQuaatc Exesins Activity 1, @ 2H» () 30-2643) (AE FCMEED 8 EHS) Frcmpte A Epeintsiny ling cpoe 205047 2C46-¢ (0 SP ear -Ue see) =r) 42ae 9) Solution: WW 44a AE 8 4 her yp ite orn 24 be tres aa je 2e $04 TAN gd f2 DEAE Se4 2647 Bou ke tems aad EET $0 #644 14424 54-1 inp bys maps npeo 48 +6045 1 gmp hiker ae eke Ret "7 T= 248 9 rm Expand and simply ch a he fellewing apres Face Acnn 1 Ga) Ie de46e () -(3e) +84 6) 200-8044) (Ogee +1342) Ge HSM 660s nts oscins OomsExpansion and 2Q Simplification of Quadrati: ® roduct of Algebraic Terms in One Variable tn ok we ave earth 213 ca be eepeesese fea aoe lil sepa J Expansion and Simplification of Quadratic Expressions We cal a C sigan css ana mutpication frame. Thefolowsing examples seat Ihe attain process Example: 2(30 ‘We ply each sc in Bey 2 example: 2181-2) ‘We oily eh lic in Ay -2y 2 Theeeioee 2c 2021you may visit hrphwwseshinglee.com sq/StudentResqusces! to access Example:-20-2) ie multiply each isc in 31 — hy 2 before ch ¥ Thorefom. 28% Hye c-2nr9 4-2-2) red Example: 202-2) asi each sen c= 2 by 25 x |@OOID 9100088 @|G0COOo0 AY Thecoone 2434 example: 2908-2) ‘We matply each isc in 8-2 by 2 elore changing its sign ant These -248-Ih= Expand exch of th follwing eyressions by using algebra dsc. Alteraatiely 1) 201-2) AlgeTool sofware (Go ta algoisc'Quadate Eqwestone/Activity 2 fa) 30+ 1) i) 324-1) fo sets) () 240-3) oon —-)Roca om Bk {Hl his non asthe Distebutve Law. veut band icthesaneas a eupe FB! anda groans of Le, actin of aad aes Worked Example Expand cho the lang xen fa) 0-2) @) 28040) fo aves) -nG-40 Solution: ene » + ly DSabutie Fes edanta ce ve © 48+ 2 Diane @) ate 1) i (50218) ) 26-9) spiel and simpli each oe alowingespressionn. Te dw te ADA dae DG) Meshal nate Solution: : 9 2de0) 20 brat 264 10:Dsrbawetow: 2 yuupror dee aie ea 2-20-46 8 Wig ey dite ret daze 44 26 extn ° OXFORDFund al snp each ofthe allowing expressions (9) 5-362) ) 244 a) Su) urther Expansion and Simplification of Quadratic Expressions Nowe et us etn ow to expand quate expressions of ho form (a bxe + using algebra ses and a mutipicaton tome. The following ‘caampes illustra the multlication proces txample +2043) ply ech ds in. Sy Neat, we mulipy each disc in + by 2 ar Examples t+ 240-3) Fist ve multiply each sca e- Shy Next, we maliply each dsc ins 3 by2. Thorefow. cx + 240 w= 3) 20623) speewerer) roe extorn ° raptExamples te 2c Fra we mulipiy each disc in e+ Shy 6 [Nest se mull each dic ins 3 y 2 buiore changing a Thera, (© r+ 31226643) be=2e-6 Example: 1-248 —3) Fie, eo mpl each cin xy Nes we molipiy eh dsc in ¥~ Sy 2 tor hanging i si, Example: 26-3430 2) Fis we mut each deca 3642 hy 2s, ily each alc in 3+ 2 by Belov changing its sign ‘These, (2.343042) 22444 2)= 30842) seveervery s6=5e=6.Example: (204-2 Fis, vo multiply ech ds i 34-2 by Neat. we mutiply each dsc i xy Shee char When we espa padatic expression ofthe form as kb sigalg dc, we oblon a ectanglar aay, Notice thot hee ate four distin! eons athe retangulae ara. The top-left regan contains the vss, the bitoni rion canins the Flies andthe ata ts rons contain the ees, Class Discussion Expansion of Quadratic Expressions ofthe Form (a+ (+d) Workin pas 1. Expand each ol he following expressions by using alglea discs. Alkeativey, you may visit hip! Avnw shinglee.com.sq/StudentResources to access the [AlgeTools™ sotwave (Go wo algedsc Quadkaic Expression Actiity 2) ice seed th) (43M 6) Ws aKrs6 ) (34-6) (Gre era) @ arenes @ Br NO, fy ae ney 2, Expand t+ bye +a Fron the class lscussion. we have: (Ty ry | (ae bke abate se Me 4d) axtoryWorked " Expand sac of de alsin eprenans, Example fa) (#4 #5) Why (ve ae4 2H fo. BeeKise 9) Ge W9S-29 Solution: 4) Gedntsentebe a, HeSee dee A iNsbatne e490 m0 Tye a c2eabeet natty ME inate exproson nthe sven brow Sea fare dre6iittove ts sieve 4 8 nse oy 2B) EB yi sho easiness 21S Me sate MDC | Bist 7 EY, TD 8 (4 uns 20 248 Bo = RG = Bo li he expe sn he sso ety chert ete 220-44 166460 Dae Ln 220-2466 FRAC i {Expand exch o the foloing expressions Ga (42K) Ge -ause-6) (© 6 2%) @C-taite- a)Worked Example Espa an ply the exprssion (Shed) te Dart Solution: * de (24 924 cr 240 28h} —pk Hedy, multiply the expression in the second! brake by eae tam in the fist brackot hy ae include the sqeate Brackets for the spy ALA p20 01442 Dive ts sete mE Ge Sia Pe BOA FBC BIN og nto ke ten Expane! and simplify the expression (24~ Iiv+ 8)~Sut~4. Exercise 1. Expand andor simply each of the following 4 Expand and simply each ofthe along ‘expressions, cextressions. 66 + 19 96-9 (a He 3) 50) 0) 642-7 (113) -54~ (0) 965-2) 446-50) (O83) #20869) (Geen e20eed 50-4109 (ats 2484-2) (e) tae 490 2)030 42 41-99-86) 398 30 D 5. Expand each ofthe fllosing expressions IK) Ge EES 2 Fn each fh fot prods. nes ers (2) 20 xr a) 6 Expanct and simplify each of the fotleaviny, expressions 3. Expand each of the alkasng expretsions ae een ate ay Nace tan t}-a0 Ome @ tach aes ae fae ees (8230-5) (0 9-20 e481 (hud thy Sih ty w@ 230d ae)7. Expand each athe allowing expressions. AD Gs te-9—) th= 2447) a -Se-6) HSS 20 9. Expt a smi © p1F46) ham xpress, fa) tee bee 8. Expand aod simply eo othe lowing thy due) - 284 HT 0 express fe) (ay 34042) S189) fay sete D+ (i ce Ge -21-260-3)64 (b) Seer NED fo v4 240-9 2A (4) (6-35-46 HC tn Bk 1, we hve leant tht factorisation i the process of expressing an alysaic expression ata pidic ofr ot mie agra expressions. Factnsation the reverse of expanion. In Section 3.2. we have Kt howe expand the prot of te Hear factors to ‘lain a paatic expression ofthe krm ac ashe a, band are constans Sal 2 tn this section we sll eam ow to cary the reverse paces, Le actorisation of Quadratic Expressions Using Algebra Discs Recall hatin Sect 3.2. when we expan the producto the twine faces, 2 andl s+ 3, we atin the quadratic expression, «+ Se-+ 6. Recall 380 fons in the retangue aay. The tpt region rveght eon comin the sc tons the Ws, the bo the thee se eons contain the eisSince facuchoton isthe reverse o expansion, when we cise a ati ‘eogeesson wo wil ban feline factors. Hence, Mee) #266631 eee sik he use ictrise quadkatc eyes ons To tore anglar array with the da the topit This we hoes Hence, the two linear fctrs ne c+ 2 an #3 [Notice that in tis case, the constant term 6 is facts inky 2 = 3 and the five © cles 180) ave died ines twe ou 2 ane 49 complete the octane rampless D412 We hae to orm a rectangle withthe asc atthe top-ten and the velo 0 ass a the honam-ight rego, The posible factorations of 12 are 1 12, 2x band 3a Conder 1512 Weare ne aha vein tm rons to comet the vextangle CHQODOH SERB ono Consider 256. ate also not le to dvd 7” rt to props to cmmplte the “pppoe Paocoa soe oni ©Consider, Weare able tov 4 int 4? anl 4 to complete rectangle x x @ODOOO FOOD DR@EGO BODOHD _, DOOGHOD LOGO DOOOOO k WOODO D@OGOD ‘The factstoion €a be slnply strated using a mhipication ame zz. Therelore + Tee 2=¢e+ 3Kee A fxample: = 104 12 {Wer have to form rectal sith the @ disc atthe ope eplon and the weve @ dsc a the hoon eight eaginn. Then we divide "74 int = and tet Complete the eciane + SBOGD 1D 3 ewe ‘Therefore, #8 Tee 260 Hh Factors exch of the following expressions by sing algebra discs. Akmatively you may vist ps shinglee.com spStudeatResources! 0 access the AlgeTool software (Cot alge uadaic Expression! Activity 4 Weenies eo foas We eser @ ene © eyzoanFactorisation of Quadratic Expressions Using a Multiplication Frame \watnout using alga des, we can use a mukipicaton ame thelr wackatc expresions CConsir the expression #486412, z ee ee eee Bee or= ms Step 4 Step2 Step 3 Slep 1: White inthe tp-et comer al 12 the baton comes ofthe muliplcaton fame, ‘Step 2: Cooder thes oan 12, Wet the in the fist coburn ad the rst ro Steps Multiply thm to compete the lication ames al check Uwhather the result motches the given expression, Therein 948+ 12= 664204 6. Lous appv he above method to acre anatherexpresion = Se¢4, ome Comite teen of adhe w= es and V8 af: a * ee nla . 4 1 4 AES coves & mm Theelore 6 = Se 4-6 Deh Worked ee Facts cach ofthe follncing expressions comp =p Example ayeeneid | Orel Ores Oran venmena Solution: as x 10oreN x10) zp 6 Ie Wate BKe eB oro» BOE RE-20 a1) 20 2-10) 02) 10 Axor Pease anes) @ Sane Pec tdeeehx 12 2H CH1o1-2H6 Sax teor ore eters id) 8 xray,Worked Example Frcs each af the falling expressions completly Gace tees iver (aed Solution: fh Bete Bex Soreneca = Reeder need aad 2x (ROD (29454275 BEET 208 DAC) (eso Se beater eee Sesorti xc) a4 a Cae ba Ae Cig=te (xed 8) Beye! ee aetna 22c+ ka 2)