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Ateneo Law Journal Legal Citation Guide (4th Edition)
Ateneo Law Journal Legal Citation Guide (4th Edition)
Citation
Guide
LEGAL
CITATION GUIDE
Fourth Edition
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ateneo law journal
LEGAL CITATION GUIDE 2020
BOARD OF EDITORS
PATRICIA ANNE ALARIOS JOHN STEPHEN B. PANGILINAN
PATRICK EDWARD L. BALISONG JOSE RYAN S. PELONGCO
JUSTIN MARK C. CHAN KATRINA ISABELLE G. PIMENTEL
KATHLEEN TRACI P. DEL ROSARIO FRANCES CHRISTINE P. SAYSON
BRIAN EARL A. LESHEN JASON L. SY (lead editor)
SERGIO LUIS M. MERCADO KORINA D. TORRES
MARIAN GAE V. MERINO JOHN PAULO S. VICENCIO
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
PATRICK EDWARD L. BALISONG JOHN PAULO S. VICENCIO
Every aspect of this new edition has been met with intense scrutiny and
thorough deliberation by the Board of Editors, guided by the cardinal
principles of clarity, simplicity, consistency, and identifiability. This fourth
edition has benefitted from updates and additions in response to
developments in the legal landscape within the Philippines and beyond its
shores. Several rules relating to primary and secondary authorities have been
refined to facilitate efficient identification of sources. The Guide now
provides for simplified citation rules for various international materials,
including United Nations sources, and features rules dedicated to
quasi-judicial decisions as well as films and broadcasts. Considerable attention
is given to the levels of citations and explanatory footnote texts to provide
guidance in attributing relevant sources and in enriching incisive discussions
of one’s work. Permanent links have also been introduced for internet
sources to make them easily available for future research and study.
Jason L. Sy
Lead Editor
Preface to the Third Edition
Every legal analysis, to be persuasive, requires proper citation of authorities
for support, opposition, or comparison. Unfortunately, due to the complexity
of other citation systems, members of the Philippine legal community have
expressed the need for a simpler and more practical guide to legal citation.
Through the years, the Ateneo Law Journal has humbly responded to that need
through its Legal Citation Guide, which has been well-received since its first
iteration in 2008. Accordingly, to ensure that it remains responsive to the
needs of the legal community, the Journal dutifully presents this third edition
of its Guide.
Notably, this edition now includes rules on how to cite matters found
on social media, case texts available online other than those maintained by
commercial electronic databases, European case law available in the new
EUR-Lex database, as well as formal rules in citing court documents such
as transcripts of stenographic notes. Yet, even with these additions, the
Guide remains true to its ethos of providing a relatively small, practical, but
comprehensive citation system.
Again, every rule in this Guide has been meticulously studied and
deliberated upon by the Journal’s Board of Editors. The Guide also remains
consistent with and up to par with other citation systems in various
jurisdictions. As such, with this latest edition, the Journal trusts that this
Guide will continue to serve as an essential companion to members of the
Philippine legal community for years to come.
The legal citation style guide project of the Ateneo Law Journal is by no
means completed by this edition. Legal citation is ever evolving. It requires
constant review and development. As a testament to this fact, this Citation
Guide embodies the codification of 60 years of the Journal’s experience and
traditions in legal scholarship. It cannot stop there, however. With this
Legal Citation Guide, the Journal only affirms its duty to continually develop
and expand the scope of legal scholarship and, necessarily, that of legal
citation, too.
The Ateneo Law Journal has established itself as a premier law review in
the country. For more than fifty years, it has exhibited unsurpassed zeal and
dedication to the advancement of legal scholarship. It has instituted an
enduring tradition of excellence which has been passed on to, and
maintained and enriched by, each generation of editors. Cognizant of the
importance of honing its editors’ skills in order to live up to the exacting
and elevated standards of being one of the country’s foremost publications,
the system of legal citation has been central to the training of its editors.
Ever the pioneer of progress in the field of law, the Journal now utilizes its
well engraved knowledge in the system of citation to once again break new
ground by providing a solution to the difficulties encountered in legal
citation.
With this, the editors are proud to present to the legal community this
Citation Primer, with hope that it will serve as an essential and lasting
reference in the study and practice of the law.
C. Introductory Signals....................................................... 4
1. Direct Citation & Signals That Signify Support or
Attribution ............................................................... 4
2. Signals That Signify Divergence of Views ................... 6
3. Signals That Signify Comparison ............................... 6
4. Signal That Invites Further Research ......................... 7
A. Constitutions ............................................................... 22
1. Incumbent Constitutions ......................................... 22
2. Repealed Constitutions ........................................... 23
3. Records & Journals of Constitutional Proceedings ..... 23
B. Codes & Statutes ......................................................... 25
4. Codes ................................................................... 25
5. Statutes ................................................................ 26
6. Amendment, Repeal, & Invalidation of Statutes ........ 27
M. Interviews ................................................................... 71
51. Interviews Conducted by the Author........................ 71
52. Interviews Not Conducted by the Author ................. 72
Q. Treaties ...................................................................... 77
58. Bilateral Treaties .................................................... 77
59. Multilateral Treaties................................................ 79
U. Quotations .................................................................. 97
78. Quotations of 49 Words or Less .............................. 97
79. Quotations of 50 Words or More ............................. 97
80. Alterations ............................................................. 99
81. Omissions.............................................................. 99
82. Emphases.............................................................. 99
This free digital version of the fourth edition of the LEGAL CITATION GUIDE is
available for download from the official website of the Ateneo Law
Journal or from its official Facebook page.
AN OVERVIEW OF CITATION
This Guide is intended for footnote citation. It is divided into five Parts:
Fundamentals of Legal Citation, Primary Authorities, Secondary
Authorities, International Materials, and General Rules of Usage.
Three typefaces are used for the prescribed citation forms in this Guide:
ordinary Roman font, Italics, and LARGE AND SMALL CAPITALS, otherwise
known as SMALL CAPS.
The rules herein were derived from THE BLUEBOOK: A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF
CITATION (21st ed. 2020) and THE MAROONBOOK: THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
MANUAL OF LEGAL CITATION (2019), and were modified for Philippine
practice by taking into consideration the MANUAL OF JUDICIAL WRITING
(2005) by the Supreme Court of the Philippines.
OF LEGAL CITATION
FUNDAMENTALS
2
A. USE OF CITATIONS
B. ORDER OF AUTHORITIES
B.1. When citing multiple authorities, cite first the sources to which
non-original ideas are attributed, or those authorities which
directly provide support or opposition to the text.
B.4.1. Cite first the authorities which support the text in their
own right, before citing those which must be related to
other authorities in order to demonstrate support.
Do the same for the authorities in opposition.
B.5. Lastly, cite authorities which are merely intended to provide the
reader with tangential sources for further study, personal
analysis, or research.
C. INTRODUCTORY SIGNALS
C.1. Signals are used to convey the relation between the text and
the authority cited. These may signify:
C.1.1. attribution; or
C.7.3. “Cf.” and “See” are different. “Cf.” merely invites the
reader to compare the text with the cited authority for
possible analogous support. “See”, however,
confidently signals that the cited authority, at the very
least, provides indirect support even if it has to be
inferred from the text.
C.10. “See also” is used when direct contrary authorities were already
cited.
C.12. “Cf. also” is used when direct and indirect contrary authorities
have already been cited.
C.13. “Compare ... [, and ...], with ... [, and ...]” is used if the cited
authorities, when compared to each other, support or
demonstrate the text.
C.14. “Contrast ... [, and ...], with ... [, and ...]” is used if the cited
authorities, when compared to each other, evince contrary
positions against the text.
D.2.1. Use the word “at” only to indicate page numbers, not
other subdivisions (e.g., sections, articles, paragraphs).
D.3. Use the section symbol (§) or the paragraph symbol (¶) if the
cited authority is divided by sections or paragraph numbers,
respectively.
D.6. There is a space between the section symbol and the section
number (e.g., § 2). The same rule applies to the use of the
paragraph symbol (e.g., ¶ 7). There is also a space between the
section or paragraph number and the subdivision in parentheses
(e.g., § 4 (d), ¶ 10 (g)).
E.1. Short citation forms are normally used for subsequent citations
of previously fully cited authorities. Specific short citation forms
are usually provided for several materials within this Guide
(see Rules 1 to 77). Otherwise, the following special short
citation forms under this Section on Short Citation Forms (E) are
to be used in the proper cases.
1. Supra
E.5. In a work with two authors, indicate each of the authors’ last
names, along with an ampersand (&) in between their names.
If a work was written by three or more authors, indicate the last
name of the first listed author followed by a comma and “et al.”
E.8. If there is no author nor title indicated in the work, use the
document number or designation.
E.9. Note that the supra note number (i.e., referring to the footnote
number of the initial citation) must be kept accurate despite the
addition of intervening footnotes in the work (see Rule 83.7).
2. I d .
E.14. Note that “at” is only placed after Id. when indicating the
pinpoint citation of pages (i.e., if the pages are different from
the immediately preceding citation). For subdivisions other than
pages, “at” must not be used, pursuant to the rules on pinpoint
citations and subdivision symbols (Section D of this Part).
OF LEGAL CITATION
FUNDAMENTALS
ateneo law journal 14
E.15. Use the applicable short citation form if the material has been
cited five consecutive times as Id. in the same footnote or in the
preceding footnotes.
E.19. Id. is also used when passages are quoted in the footnote text.
3. Hereinafter
E.23. The short citation form should appear in the same typeface as in
the full citation (i.e., whether in SMALL CAPS, italics, or ordinary
Roman font).
E.26. When the simple supra form suffices, “hereinafter” should not
be used.
F.2. All the rules in this Guide (e.g., rules on typefaces, short citation
forms, pinpoint citations) shall apply to the parenthetical citation
in the same way as any citation outside the parentheses.
Primary authorities are statements of law that issue from the sovereign
body, the legislature, the courts, or any other body with official capacity
A. CONSTITUTIONS
to issue or to clarify rules within its jurisdiction. Primary authorities may
either be mandatory (i.e., binding) or persuasive depending on the court
level and jurisdiction involved.
On the other hand, secondary authorities, dealt with in Part III of this
Guide, are sources of information which help explain, comment on, or
analyze the law. Unlike primary authorities, secondary authorities are
never binding but are merely persuasive.
The rules provided in this Part are applicable to both domestic and
foreign primary authorities. International materials, however, have their
own citation formats which shall be dealt with later in Part IV of this
Guide.
A. CONSTITUTIONS
1. Incumbent Constitutions
1.4. See Annex A for the list of abbreviated State or country names.
A. CONSTITUTIONS
If you are using Microsoft Word in Windows, click
Ctrl + Shift + K (or Cmd + Shift + K in Mac) to format the text
to SMALL CAPS.
2. Repealed Constitutions
A. CONSTITUTIONS
91. OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE DEBATES OF THE
AUSTRALASIAN FEDERAL CONFERENCE, 2D SESS., at 95
(1890).
3.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
primary authorities 25
4. Codes
4.2. The SHORT TITLE is in SMALL CAPS (e.g., LOCAL GOV’T CODE, REV.
PENAL CODE, REV. CORP. CODE, INTELL. PROP. CODE, LABOR CODE).
4.3. Follow the short title used in the code itself, unless the code has
a well-known abbreviated short title as listed in Annex E.
If no short title is provided, or if the code has no well-known
short title, do not indicate any.
4.3.1. If the short title of the code includes the phrase “of the
Philippines”, such must be omitted (e.g., “CIVIL CODE”
instead of “CIVIL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES”), consistent
with Annex E.
5. Statutes
5.1. The initial citation format for statutes, other than codes, is as
follows:
5.2. Note that, unlike codes, the short title for statutes is in ordinary
Roman font, not SMALL CAPS. Follow the short title used in the
statute itself. If no short title is provided, do not indicate any.
5.5. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
120. An Act Revising the Penal Code and Other Penal Laws
[REV. PENAL CODE], Act No. 3815, § 202 (1930)
(repealed in 2011).
121. Id.
122. An Act Providing for a National Policy on Responsible
Parenthood and Reproductive Health [The Responsible
Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012],
Republic Act No. 10354, § 23 (a) (1) (2012) (invalidated by
Imbong v. Ochoa, Jr., G.R. No. 204819, 721 SCRA 146
(2014)).
123. An Act to Impose the Death Penalty on Certain Heinous
Crimes, Amending for That Purpose the Revised Penal
Laws, as Amended, Other Special Penal Laws, and for
Other Purposes, Republic Act No. 7659, whereas cl.
para. 3 (repealed in 2006).
124. The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health
Act of 2012, § 23 (a) (3) (invalidated).
primary authorities 29
7. Reported Cases
CASES
foreign cases are, at best, persuasive to local courts. The initial
citation format for reported local and foreign cases is as follows:
7.2. There is no need to indicate the deciding court if the case was
decided or resolved by the highest court of a State or country.
CASES
Citizenship, 244 CLR 144, 194 (2011) (Austl.).
7.4. When citing a case, omit the names of all the parties other than
those first listed from the contending sides. If the actions are
consolidated in one decision, cite only the first one listed with its
corresponding docket number.
CASES
135. Morfe, 130 Phil. at 440.
136. Miranda, 384 U.S. at 474.
137. Id.
138. Disini, Jr., 723 SCRA at 120 (resolution of motion for
reconsideration).
7.8. For the short case title, shorten the title in a way that would not
cause ambiguity or confusion with other cited cases.
8.2. Do not cite case texts found in any other domain or website.
8.3. The initial citation format for cases available online under official
domain names is as follows:
CASES
144. Uber Technologies Inc. v. Heller, No. 38534,
June 26, 2020, ¶¶ 52, 54, 62, 64, 79, & 99, available at
http://decisions.scc-csc.ca/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/18406/1/
document.do (last accessed July 13, 2020) (Can.).
145. Secretary for Justice v. Wong Chi Fung, CACV 14/2018,
May 16, 2019, ¶ 49, available at http://legalref.judiciary.hk/
lrs/common/ju/ju_frame.jsp?DIS=121897 (last accessed
Dec. 21, 2019) (H.K.).
8.6. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
CASES
9.1.1. If the electronic database is not a faithful reproduction,
or does not assign unique identifiers to its contents,
use Rule 10 of this Guide.
CASES
153. Patel, 2019 WL 3727424, at *6-7.
154. Id. at *3.
10.1. This Rule covers all judgments, final orders, and resolutions of
any court, which are not available in any reporter or online
under official domain names.
10.2. The initial citation format for cases unreported and unavailable
online is as follows:
10.5. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
primary authorities 35
CASES
11. Pending Cases
11.2. This Rule applies to cases that are yet to be fully disposed of by
the court hearing it.
11.4. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
CASES
12.1. When citing an opinion other than the ponencia, use the citation
formats in this Section on Cases (C) but parenthetically indicate
that such other opinion is being cited.
CASES
<Document Title>, <date, if any>, <pinpoint citation>
(on file with <physical repository>), in <pertinent case
citation>.
13.2. This Rule is intended for court documents other than a final
judgment, order, or resolution of a court. In these latter cases,
use Rules 7, 8, 9, or 10 of this Guide, whichever is applicable.
ateneo law journal 38
CASES
exception applies only for as long as such court has the
records of the case.
13.4. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
D. LEGISLATIVE MATERIALS
D. LEGISLATIVE
14.1. The initial citation format for House and Senate bills is as
MATERIALS
follows:
14.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
15.1. The initial citation format for House and Senate resolutions is as
follows:
D. LEGISLATIVE
MATERIALS
<Title, if needed>, <H. or S. Res. No.> <pinpoint citation>,
<legislature>, <session> (<year>).
15.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
D. LEGISLATIVE
MATERIALS
16.2. For subsequent citations, follow this short citation format:
16.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
196. H. REC., Vol. 2, No. 23, at 57, 17th Cong., 2d Reg. Sess.
(Sept. 12, 2017).
197. H. REC., Vol. 4, No. 54, at 8-10, 18th Cong., 1st Reg.
Sess. (Mar. 11, 2020).
17.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
D. LEGISLATIVE
MATERIALS
<H. OR S. JOURNAL NO.>, <pinpoint citation>, <legislature>,
<session> (<date>).
18.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
E. EXECUTIVE MATERIALS
E. EXECUTIVE MATERIALS
19.1. The initial citation format for executive and administrative
issuances is as follows:
E. EXECUTIVE MATERIALS
19.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
20.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
21.1. The initial citation format for implementing rules and regulations
E. EXECUTIVE MATERIALS
of statutes is as follows:
21.1.1. The short title, if any, may be used if the full title of the
statute is not needed for authority.
21.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
E. EXECUTIVE MATERIALS
their quasi-judicial powers are cited analogously to Rules on
Cases (Section C), particularly Rules 8 and 10.
22.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
primary authorities 47
F. JUDICIAL ISSUANCES
F. JUDICIAL ISSUANCES
23.1. The initial citation format for court circulars and administrative
orders is as follows:
23.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
227. Tan v. Sabandal, Bar Matter No. 44, 206 SCRA 473,
481 (1992).
ateneo law journal 48
F. JUDICIAL ISSUANCES
Continuing Legal Education for Members of the Integrated
Bar of the Philippines, Bar Matter No. 850 [B.M. No.
850], rule 7, §§ 1-3 (Aug. 22, 2000).
24.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
25.1. The initial citation format for issuances from the Office of the
Court Administrator is as follows:
25.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
G. ORDINANCES
G. ORDINANCES
26.1. The initial citation format for local government ordinances is as
follows:
26.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
H. RULES OF PROCEDURE
H. RULES OF PROCEDURE
27.1. The initial citation format for legislative rules of procedure is as
follows:
27.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
H. RULES OF PROCEDURE
28.2. For subsequent citations, follow this short citation format:
28.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
29.2. The initial citation format for rules of procedure within the Rules
of Court is as follows:
H. RULES OF PROCEDURE
29.4. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
30.1. The initial citation format for rules of procedure which are not
incorporated in the Rules of Court is as follows:
30.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
H. RULES OF PROCEDURE
follows:
31.2. For subsequent citations, retain the year when the superseded
rules began to be effective by following this short citation
format:
31.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
NON-PERIODIC MATERIALS
32.1. The initial citation format for books by a single author is as
follows:
32.1.1 The AUTHOR and the TITLE are both in SMALL CAPS.
32.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
33.1. The initial citation format for books by two authors is as follows:
NON-PERIODIC MATERIALS
269. WILLIAM STRUNK JR. & ELWYN BROOKS WHITE,
33.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
34.1. The initial citation format for books by three or more authors is
as follows:
34.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
NON-PERIODIC MATERIALS
277. 1 CESARIO A. AZUCENA JR., THE LABOR CODE WITH
35.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
36.1. If the work has indicated editors or translators, follow this initial
citation format:
36.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
NON-PERIODIC MATERIALS
<TITLE OF WHOLE COLLECTION> <pinpoint citation>
37.1.1. The author and Title of the Shorter Work are not in
SMALL CAPS but, rather, in ordinary Roman font and
italics, respectively. The TITLE OF THE WHOLE COLLECTION,
however, is in SMALL CAPS. The indicator “in” is
italicized.
37.3. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
38. Annotations
38.1. The initial citation format for annotations, which are discussions
in selected case reporters (e.g. SCRA), is as follows:
NON-PERIODIC MATERIALS
Rights Victims Under the Marcos Administration,
455 SCRA 427, 434 (2005).
39.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
secondary authorities 59
NON-PERIODIC MATERIALS
299. John 15:13 (New International).
40.2. For subsequent citations, use a special short citation form that
omits the year or edition but retains it if a different subdivision
was updated in a different year. Do not use supra, but Id. may
be used when proper.
ARTICLES
italics, respectively.
41.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
ARTICLES
name of a particular journal is not contained in the said
Annexes, consult the other entries therein for common
words to be abbreviated.
42.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
43.1. The initial citation format for newsletters and magazine articles
is as follows:
43.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
ARTICLES
44. Newspaper Articles in Print
44.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
K. INTERNET SOURCES
45.1. This is the general rule when citing internet sources. Rule 46 on
Magazine and News Articles Online and Rule 47 on Social Media
are the exceptions to this general rule.
45.2. Note that this Rule should only be resorted to if no other rule
within this Guide is applicable to the source intended to be
cited. Typically, citations under this Rule point to sources in
Portable Document Format (PDF) and sources that were
K. INTERNET SOURCES
generated by owners or managers of web pages or domains.
K. INTERNET SOURCES
329. Jose Ramon T. Villarin, S.J., et al., In the Eye of the
Perfect Storm: What the Philippines Should Do About
Climate Change (S.C. Johnson Professional Lecture
Working Paper, July 8, 2008), at 70-73, available at
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=
10.1.1.504.2436&rep=rep1&type=pdf (last accessed
May 22, 2020) [http://perma.cc/BZ8D-PP47].
45.4. In case the URL is too long or unwieldy, citation may be made
to a shorter URL provided the reader is given directions as to
how the cited source may be accessed. Direction is done
through parenthetical explanations.
45.5. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
46.1. This is the first exception to Rule 45. This Rule applies to
newsletters, magazines, broadsheets, and news articles
available online. Cite articles only from the official domain
names of their respective magazine and news publications.
46.2. The initial citation format for magazine and news articles online
is as follows:
K. INTERNET SOURCES
report>, available at <internet address> (last accessed
<date>) [<permanent link, if possible>].
46.2.1. Note that the author and title are not in SMALL CAPS but,
rather, in ordinary Roman font and italics, respectively.
The ABBREVIATED NAME OF THE MAGAZINE, NEWSPAPER, OR
NEWS AGENCY, however, is in SMALL CAPS.
46.3. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
47.1. This is the second exception to Rule 45. This Rule applies to
every internet medium which allows end-users, not the owners
or managers of web pages, to generate, participate, or share
content on the internet (e.g., social networking sites,
video-sharing sites), and even comments on a general internet
source or a magazine or news article online.
K. INTERNET SOURCES
<kind or description of content>, <Title of Cited Content, if
any>, <PLATFORM OR WEBSITE>, <date of posting>: <time of
posting, if any>, available at <internet address> (last
accessed <date>) [<permanent link, if possible>].
47.2.1. The date and time of posting must be the same as the
timestamp provided by the platform or website.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=geVah0hecPQ
(last accessed Aug. 27, 2020).
344. Kenneth Isaiah I. Abante, Article, Awakening Vocations in
the Service of the Poor, MEDIUM, Aug. 23, 2019, available at
http://medium.com/@kabante/awakening-vocations-in-
the-service-of-the-poor-46dfdb1ba475 (last accessed Nov.
26, 2019) [http://perma.cc/ZG6D-M3XG].
K. INTERNET SOURCES
Palma-Angeles, Ph.D. – How Do We Decide? Tools for Ethical
Decision-Making, YOUTUBE, Aug. 17, 2020, available at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tma1GDcefeQ (last
accessed Aug. 24, 2020) (discussion on the proposed model
for ethical decision-making begins at 6:50).
47.4. Note that this Rule does not necessarily pertain to the main
content in the website or platform. It can also be used to cite
the comments on the status update, blog post, article, or video.
47.5. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
MATERIALS
351. Jose Maria G. Hofileña, A Comment on the Constitutional
Institutionalization of State Participation in the Philippine
Mining Industry, at 10 (Spring 1990) (unpublished LL.M.
thesis, Harvard University) (on file with the Harvard
Law School Library, Harvard University).
352. Sedfrey M. Candelaria, State Responsibility and
International Financial Obligations: A Case Study of the
International Monetary Fund Stand-By Arrangements with
Developing Country Members, at 151-54 (Dec. 1989)
(unpublished LL.M. thesis, University of British Columbia)
(on file with the University of British Columbia Library).
353. Rafael Christopher L. Yap, Bouncing Doctrine:
Re-Examining the Supreme Court’s Pronouncements of
Batas Pambansa Blg. 22 as a Crime of Moral Turpitude,
at 13 (2006) (unpublished J.D. thesis, Ateneo de Manila
University) (on file with the Professional Schools Library,
Ateneo de Manila University).
48.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
49.1. The initial citation format for memoranda, letters, e-mail, and
other correspondences is as follows:
MATERIALS
356. Memorandum from Maria Luz C. Vilches, Vice President
for the Loyola Schools, Ateneo de Manila University,
to the Loyola Schools Community (Apr. 7, 2020)
(on file with Author).
357. E-mail from Jose Maria G. Hofileña, Dean of the
School of Law, Ateneo de Manila University,
to All Students of the Ateneo de Manila University School
of Law (Apr. 2, 2020) (on file with Author).
358. Letter from Jose “Ka Pepe” W. Diokno to Jose Ramon
“Popoy” I. Diokno (Oct. 23, 1972) (on file with Author).
49.3. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
50.1. The initial citation format for press releases and other
unpublished papers not available online is as follows:
MATERIALS
363. Press Release by Benjamin Perrin, Professor, University of
British Columbia, Human Trafficking Charges on International
Day for the Abolition of Slavery (Dec. 2, 2009) (on file with
the Senate of Canada).
50.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
M. INTERVIEWS
51.1. The initial citation format for interviews conducted by the author
is as follows:
M. INTERVIEWS
Fribourg, in Iseltwald, Switzerland (Jan. 27, 1970).
367. Interview with Angelina Sandoval-Gutierrez, Retired
Associate Justice, Supreme Court, through Zoom
(July 30, 2016).
51.2. For subsequent citations, use supra with this particular format:
52.1. The initial citation format for interviews not conducted by the
author is as follows:
M. INTERVIEWS
Makati City (Apr. 3, 2019).
371. Interview by James Menendez, Journalist, BBC News, with
Robert E. Kelly, Professor, Pusan National University,
through Skype (Mar. 10, 2017).
52.2. For subsequent citations, use supra with this particular format:
53.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
54.2. This Rule does not apply if the speech or address is published as
part of a print collection, as in such case Rule 37 is applicable.
54.3. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
55. Films
56.1. The initial citation format for television and radio broadcasts is
as follows:
<Title>: <Episode
Name> (<Production Company, if any, or
Broadcasting Company> <date>).
56.1.1. The Title, Episode Name, and colon (:) are italicized. If
there is no information as to the production company,
indicate the company that aired the broadcast.
56.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
P. FOUNDING DOCUMENTS
57.1. The initial citation format for the Charter of the United Nations
(U.N.) and the Covenant of the League of Nations is as follows:
P. FOUNDING DOCUMENTS
391. U.N. CHARTER art. 43, ¶ 1.
392. LEAGUE OF NATIONS COVENANT arts. 8, 11, 19, & 21.
Q. TREATIES
58.1 The initial citation format for treaties between two parties is as
follows:
58.2. Indicate the exact date of signing. If there are multiple dates of
signing (like in the case of exchanges of notes), indicate the
period covered by specifying the first and last dates of signing.
58.3. If relevant, the date of entry into force of a treaty or the fact
that the same is not yet in force may be parenthetically
indicated at the end of the citation.
Q. TREATIES
58.4. If the Philippines is a party to the treaty cited, place its country
abbreviation (Phil.) before that of the other party.
396. Mutual Defense Treaty, Phil.-U.S., art. IV, Aug. 30, 1951,
177 U.N.T.S. 133 (entered into force Aug. 27, 1952).
Q. TREATIES
58.8. Use of the rules on “hereinafter” is encouraged when the treaty
will be cited subsequently, with the special short citation form
preferably indicating the name or abbreviation for which the
treaty is better known, if any.
58.9. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
59.1. The initial citation format for treaties among three or more
parties is as follows:
59.2. The exact date of signing must be indicated. If for some reason
the date of signing cannot be indicated (as when a treaty was
not signed on a single date), then the date on which a
multilateral treaty was opened for signature, approved, ratified,
or adopted may be used. The signification must be in italics.
Q. TREATIES
406. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties art. 31,
opened for signature May 23, 1969, 1155 U.N.T.S. 331.
407. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change arts. 18 & 22, adopted
Dec. 11, 1997, 2303 U.N.T.S. 162.
59.4. If relevant, the date of entry into force of a treaty or the fact
that the same is not yet in force may be parenthetically
indicated at the end of the citation.
Q. TREATIES
414. Convention on Cybercrime art. 7, opened for signature
Nov. 23, 2001, E.T.S. No. 185 [hereinafter Budapest
Convention].
415. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
art. 296, ¶ 1, opened for signature Dec. 10, 1982,
1833 U.N.T.S. 3 [hereinafter UNCLOS] (entered into
force Nov. 16, 1994).
59.6. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
60.1. The initial citation format for reported cases of the International
Court of Justice (I.C.J.) and the Permanent Court of
International Justice (P.C.I.J.) is as follows:
60.1.1. For I.C.J. and P.C.I.J. cases, the year is used to identify
the volume number. Thus, the year is omitted from the
date at the end of the citation where only the month
and day are given (e.g., 2006 I.C.J. 6 (Feb. 3), 1925
P.C.I.J. (ser. A) No. 5 (Mar. 26)).
R. INTERNATIONAL LAW
application of one party against the other (e.g., Austl.
v. Fr., U.K. v. Ice.). Refer to Annex A for the
abbreviated names.
CASES
420. Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against
Nicaragua (Nicar. v. U.S.), Merits, Judgment,
1986 I.C.J. 14, ¶ 205 (June 27).
421. Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions Between
Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahr.), Jurisdiction and
Admissibility, Judgment, 1995 I.C.J. 6, 18 (Feb. 15).
422. Certain German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia
(Ger. v. Pol.), Preliminary Objections, Judgment,
1925 P.C.I.J. (ser. A) No. 6, at 15 (Aug. 25).
423. Legal Status of Eastern Greenland (Den. v. Nor.),
Judgment, 1933 P.C.I.J. (ser. A/B) No. 53, at 71 (Apr. 5).
60.2. The case title that appears on the first page of the case report
must be used. The word “Case” may be used if a person’s name
was mentioned in the case title.
60.4. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
R. INTERNATIONAL LAW
61.1. This Rule applies only to I.C.J. and P.C.I.J. cases available in the
CASES
official website of the I.C.J. and P.C.I.J. (i.e., http://www.icj-
cij.org).
61.2. The initial citation format for I.C.J. and P.C.I.J. cases available
online is as follows:
61.4. All the rules in Rule 60 suppletorily apply to I.C.J. and P.C.I.J.
cases available online.
R. INTERNATIONAL LAW
61.6. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
CASES
430. Obligation to Negotiate Access to the Pacific Ocean, I.C.J.
Judgment, ¶ 27.
431. Id. ¶¶ 28-29.
62.1. The initial citation format for I.C.J. and P.C.I.J. advisory opinions
is as follows:
62.5. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
63.1. The initial citation format for cases before the International
Criminal Court (ICC) is as follows:
R. INTERNATIONAL LAW
<Case Title>, <case no.>, <type & description of
court document>, <pinpoint citation> (<date>).
CASES
434. Prosecutor v. Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi, Case No.
ICC-01/12-01/15, Decision on Prosecution’s Request for
Provision of Certain Individual Reparations Applications,
¶ 6 (Feb. 28, 2020).
63.2. If the case has been made available in the official website of the
ICC (i.e., http://www.icc-cpi.int), include its internet address.
63.4. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
64.2. The official reporter for the first two aforesaid courts is the
Reports of Cases Before the Court of Justice and the Court of
First Instance (ECR). Staff cases decided by the now-defunct
Civil Service Tribunal were reported separately in the Reports of
European Community Staff Cases (ECR-SC).
R. INTERNATIONAL LAW
64.3. ECR and ECR-SC, however, have ceased publication in print
CASES
after the release of the Court of Justice and General Court
cases decided in 2011, and the Civil Service Tribunal cases
decided in 2009, respectively. Thereafter, cases have been
reported exclusively in digital format on EUR-Lex
(i.e., http://eur-lex.europa.eu), the official publication of
laws and cases of the European Union. For more
information, see the official website of the CJEU
(i.e., http://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_101083).
64.4. The initial citation format for CJEU reported cases in print is as
follows:
64.5. Note that case numbers before the Court of Justice begin with
the letter “C” (e.g., C-151/07); those before the General Court
begin with the letter “T” (e.g., T-70/17); and those before the
Civil Service Tribunal begin with the letter “F” (e.g., F-128/5).
64.7. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
R. INTERNATIONAL LAW
440. Van Duyn, 1974 ECR I-1337 at 1344-45.
441. Id. at 1345.
CASES
65. CJEU Cases Available Online
65.1. This Rule is used to cite CJEU cases available at the official
website of the CJEU (i.e., http://curia.europa.eu) and from
EUR-Lex (i.e., http://eur-lex.europa.eu).
65.2. The initial citation format for CJEU cases available online is as
follows:
65.4. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
R. INTERNATIONAL LAW
66. Cases Before Other International Judicial
Institutions & Ad Hoc Tribunals
CASES
66.1. The initial citation format for cases before other international
judicial institutions and ad hoc tribunals is as follows:
446. The “Arctic Sunrise” Case (Neth. v. Russ.), Case No. 22,
Provisional Measures, Order, ITLOS Rep. 2013, ¶ 88
(Nov. 22, 2013).
447. Xákmok Kásek Indigenous Community v. Paraguay,
Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. C) No. 214, Merits, Reparations,
and Costs, Judgment, ¶ 309 (Aug. 24, 2010).
ateneo law journal 88
66.2. When the name of the judicial institution which rendered the
decision cannot be gleaned from the case number or reporter,
indicate the abbreviated name of the tribunal before the date.
R. INTERNATIONAL LAW
66.4. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
CASES
449. The “Arctic Sunrise” Case, ITLOS Rep. 2013, ¶ 34.
450. Id. ¶¶ 90-94.
451. Xákmok Kásek Indigenous Community, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R.
(ser. C) No. 214, ¶ 337.
international materials 89
67.2. For the case title, the indicated names of the parties may be
used. Otherwise, the subject matter of the case may be
indicated as the case title.
R. INTERNATIONAL LAW
the Philippines, Decision on Objections to Jurisdiction,
8 ICSID Rep. 518, 533 (2005).
CASES
67.5. For subsequent citations, analogously follow Rule 60.
67.6. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
ateneo law journal 90
68.1. The initial citation format for United Nations (U.N.) General
Assembly (G.A.) Resolutions (Res.) and Decisions (Dec.) is as
follows:
S. RESOLUTIONS &
Conscience, G.A. Res. 73/329, ¶ 3, U.N. Doc.
DECISIONS
A/RES/73/329 (July 25, 2019).
456. G.A. Dec. 62/557, at 106, U.N. Doc. A/62/49 (Vol. III)
(Sept. 15, 2008).
68.2. Note that the U.N. Document Symbol may be placed at the end
of the URL, “http://undocs.org”, to access the U.N. document
(e.g., http://undocs.org/A/RES/59/38). For more information,
consult the guide found in the official website of the U.N.
(i.e., http://research.un.org/en/docs/symbols).
international materials 91
68.3. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
S. RESOLUTIONS &
Human Rights Council Dec. 36/110, para. 2, U.N. Doc.
DECISIONS
A/HRC/DEC/36/110 (Sept. 22, 2017).
463. S.C. Res. 2535, ¶¶ 2, 9, & 23, U.N. Doc. S/RES/2535
(2020) (July 14, 2020).
464. S.C. President Statement 2019/14, at 1, U.N. Doc.
S/PRST/2019/14 (Nov. 22, 2019).
69.3. Do not use supra, but Id. may be used when proper.
ateneo law journal 92
70.1 The initial citation format for reports issued by U.N. organs and
committees is as follows:
70.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS
T. REPORTS & OTHER
467. International Law Commission, supra note 465, ¶ 279 (c).
468. Id. ¶¶ 228-234.
71.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS
T. REPORTS & OTHER
473. World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna Declaration
and Programme of Action, ¶¶ 83 & 85, U.N. Doc.
A/CONF.157/23 (July 12, 1993).
474. U.N. Conference on the Human Environment, Declaration
of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment,
princ. 20, U.N. Doc. A/CONF.48/14/Rev.1 (June 16,
1972).
72.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
73.1. The initial citation format for World Trade Organization (WTO)
panel and appellate body reports is as follows:
73.3. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS
T. REPORTS & OTHER
479. Canada — Aircraft, supra note 477, at 43.
480. Australia — Salmon, supra note 478, ¶ 4.
481. Id. ¶ 279 (m).
74.1. The initial citation format for reports by the WTO Secretariat
and other WTO bodies is as follows:
74.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS
WTO Doc. WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2 (2001) [hereinafter
75.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
76.1. The initial citation format for General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT) panel decisions is as follows:
76.3. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS
494. Id. ¶ 5.1.
77.2. For subsequent citations, use supra. Id. may also be used when
proper.
97
U. QUOTATIONS
78.3. Thus, commas (,) and periods (.) are placed within the
quotation marks, even if the original text of the quoted material
does not contain them. This is for plain aesthetic purposes and
must only be used if the integrity of the quoted material will not
be compromised.
79.2. The first line of the block quotation may be further indented on
the left margin if it is also the first line in the paragraph in the
original text being cited.
79.5. If the block quotation is not contained in the body but, rather, in
the footnote text, the citation reference should not be indented
but should begin at the left margin on the line immediately
following the quotation.
80. Alterations
81. Omissions
82. Emphases
V. FOOTNOTE REFERENCES
83.2. Thus, footnote references need not always be placed at the end
of sentences.
83.7. If authorities are subsequently cited using supra, the supra note
numbers (i.e., each properly referring to the footnote number of
the initial citation) must be kept accurate, even after the
addition of intervening footnotes in the work.
83.8. When a case is mentioned for the first time in the body and
is found in the middle of a sentence or a clause, the case must
be followed by a footnote reference which provides for the initial
case citation without any pinpoint citation. Another footnote
reference is placed at the end of the sentence or clause if the
text requires a citation (i.e., using Id. with the pinpoint citation).
83.8.1. However, if the said case is mentioned for the first time
in the body but is found at the end of a sentence or
clause, only one footnote reference (i.e., containing the
initial case citation with the pertinent pinpoint citation)
placed at the end of such sentence or clause is
sufficient.
ateneo law journal 102
W. PUNCTUATIONS
84. Periods
84.1. Periods (.) are used to end declarative sentences and indirect
questions.
86. Colons
87. Hyphens
88. Em Dashes
88.3. To avoid confusion, do not use more than a single em dash or,
in the proper case, a pair of em dashes in any given sentence.
89. Ellipses
89.3. The general rule is that a quotation may end with a punctuation
mark even if some words in the original text are thereby omitted
(see Rule 78.2).
90. Brackets
91. Parentheses
W. PUNCTUATIONS
ateneo law journal 106
X. NUMBERS
92. Numerals
92.2. The first word of any sentence must always be spelled out.
Thus, any number that begins a sentence must be spelled out.
93. Ordinals
Y. SYMBOLS
94.1. Spell out the words “Section” or “Paragraph” when they are
contained in the body or text.
95.1. The percentage, peso, or dollar symbols are used when the
numbers accompanying them are in numeral form. Otherwise,
spell them out. They should be spelled out when the numbers
are spelled out. Likewise, when these symbols begin a sentence,
they should be spelled out.
95.2. Do not insert a space between the percentage (%), peso (P),
and dollar ($) symbols and the corresponding number or
amount (e.g., 10%, P10,000, $100,000).
Y. SYMBOLS
Z. OTHER RULES
96.1. When a work written by one author is cited for the first time,
sufficiently indicate the author’s name in the citation reference.
96.1.3. If the author does not have any given name, cite the
name by which the author is known to the public.
97. Dates
97.1. Dates in the body or text are written with the day first, followed
by the month, spelled in its entirety, and the year
(e.g., 10 December 1948).
98. Capitalization
98.2. The words Article, Essay, Comment, Note, Work, Study, Thesis,
or Paper should be capitalized when referring to the written
work itself.
99. Abbreviation
100. Italicization
100.2. In the body or text, the case title is always italicized. Use the
full case title when the case is mentioned for the first time in the
body or text (e.g., Cruz v. Santos), and use the short case title
when the case is subsequently mentioned therein (e.g., Cruz).
100.4. Latin words and phrases are generally italicized (e.g., duces
tecum, ejusdem generis, habeas corpus, ignorantia legis
neminem excusat, pro hac vice, res gestae, sub judice), unless
they are considered to be of common usage and are widely
used in legal writing (e.g., ad hoc, alma mater, certiorari,
de jure, mens rea, obiter dictum, prima facie).
Z. OTHER RULES
112
Marshall Islands Marsh. Is. São Tomé and São Tomé &
Martinique Mart. Príncipe Príncipe
ateneo law journal 114
B. MONTHS
January Jan.
February Feb.
March Mar.
April Apr.
May May
June June
July July
August Aug.
September Sept.
October Oct.
November Nov.
December Dec.
ANNEX B. MONTHS
annexes 115
C. GOVERNMENT ISSUANCES
Administrative Circular Admin. Circ.
Administrative Matter A.M.
Administrative Order A.O.
Circular Circ.
Committee Comm.
Committee Report Comm. Rep.
Committee Resolution Comm. Res.
Concurrent Resolution Concur. Res.
Department Dept.
Department Advisory Dept. Advisory
Department Circular Dept. Circ.
Department Order D.O.
Executive Order E.O.
General Circular Gen. Circ.
General Order G.O.
House Record H. Rec.
House Resolution H. Res.
Joint Resolution Jt. Res.
Letters of Instruction LOI
Memorand[-um, -a] Memo.
Memorandum Circular Memo. Circ.
Number[-s] No. / Nos.
Presidential Proclamation P.P.
Proclamation Proc.
Regulation Reg.
Report Rep.
Resolution Res.
Resolution of Both Houses R.B.H.
Revenue Audit Memorandum Circular RAMC
Revenue Bulletin Rev. Bull.
Revenue Delegation Authority Order RDAO
Revenue Memorandum Circular RMC
Revenue Memorandum Order RMO
Revenue Memorandum Ruling RMR
Revenue Operations Order ROO
Revenue Regulations RR
Revenue Special Order RSO
Senate Record S. Rec.
Senate Resolution S. Res.
Special Order Spec. Order
Transcript of Stenographic Notes T.S.N.
Value-Added Tax Ruling VAT Ruling
ANNEX C. GOVERNMENT
ISSUANCES
ateneo law journal 116
D. SUBDIVISIONS
Amendment amend.
Annotation annot.
Appendi[-x, -ces] app. / apps.
Article[-s] art. / arts.
Book bk.
Canon canon
Chapter ch.
Clause cl.
Comment[-ary] cmt.
Example ex.
Explanatory Note explan. n.
Figure[-s] fig. / figs.
Footnote[-s] n. / nn.
Form form
Introduction intro.
Number[-s] no. / nos.
Paragraph[-s]
if numbered in the source ¶ / ¶¶
if otherwise para. / paras.
Part pt.
Preamble pmbl.
Principle princ.
Rationale ratio.
Rule[-s] rule / rules
Section[-s] § / §§
Series, Serial ser.
Subdivision subdiv.
Subsection subsec.
Supplement supp.
Table[-s] tbl. / tbls.
Title tit.
Volume vol.
Whereas Clause whereas cl.
ANNEX D. SUBDIVISIONS
annexes 117
F. FOREIGN PERIODICALS
ABA Journal of Labor & Employment A.B.A. J. LAB. & EMP. L.
Law
Adelaide Law Review ADEL. L. REV.
Administrative Law Review ADMIN. L. REV.
African-American Law & Policy Report AFR.-AM. L. & POL’Y REP.
Air Force Law Review A.F. L. REV.
Akron Intellectual Property Journal AKRON INTELL. PROP. J.
Akron Law Review AKRON L. REV.
Akron Tax Journal AKRON TAX J.
Alabama Law Review ALA. L. REV.
Alaska Law Review ALASKA L. REV.
Albany Government Law Review ALB. GOV’T L. REV.
Albany Law Journal of Science & ALB. L.J. SCI. & TECH.
Technology
Albany Law Review ALB. L. REV.
American Bankruptcy Institute Law AM. BANKR. INST. L. REV.
Review
American Bankruptcy Law Journal AM. BANKR. L.J.
American Bar Association Journal A.B.A. J.
American Bar Foundation Research AM. BAR. FOUND. RESEARCH J.
Journal
American Criminal Law Review AM. CRIM. L. REV.
American Indian Law Review AM. INDIAN L. REV.
American Journal of Comparative Law AM. J. COMP. L.
American Journal of Criminal Law AM. J. CRIM. L.
American Journal of International Law AM. J. INT’L L.
American Journal of Jurisprudence AM. J. JURIS.
American Journal of Law & Medicine AM. J.L. & MED.
American Journal of Legal History AM. J. LEGAL HIST.
American Journal of Tax Policy AM. J. TAX POL’Y
American Journal of Trial Advocacy AM. J. TRIAL ADVOC.
American Review of International AM. REV. INT’L ARB.
Arbitration
American University International Law AM. U. INT’L L. REV.
Review
American University Journal of AM. U. J. GENDER SOC. POL’Y & L.
Gender, Social Policy & the Law
American University Law Review AM. U. L. REV.
Animal Law ANIMAL L.
Annals of Health Law ANNALS HEALTH L.
Annual Review of Banking and ANN. REV. BANKING & FIN. L.
Financial Law
Annual Survey of American Law ANN. SURV. AM. L.
Annual Survey of International & ANN. SURV. INT’L & COMP. L.
ANNEX F. FOREIGN
Comparative Law
PERIODICALS
Journal
PERIODICALS
Environmental Law Reporter News & ENVTL. L. REP. NEWS & ANALYSIS
PERIODICALS
Analysis
annexes 123
Policy
ateneo law journal 124
Journal
PERIODICALS
annexes 125
Review
PERIODICALS
Regent Journal of Law & Public Policy REGENT J.L. & PUB. POL’Y
annexes 133
Journal
ateneo law journal 134
Problems
ateneo law journal 136
Roundtable
PERIODICALS
Review
ateneo law journal 138
for FOR
Forum F.
& PERIODICALS
Government GOV’T
The Guardian GUARDIAN
Harvard Business Review HARV. BUS. REV.
Histor[-ical, -y] HIST.
Immigration IMMIGR.
Insurance INS.
Integrated Bar of the Philippines IBP J.
Journal
Intellectual INTELL.
International INT’L
Journal J.
Labor LAB.
Labor Review LAB. REV.
Law (first word) LAW
Law L.
Lawyer[-s, -s’, -‘s] LAW.
The Lawyers Review LAW. REV.
Legal LEGAL
Los Angeles Times L.A. TIMES
Lyceum of the Philippines Law Review LY. PHIL. L. REV.
Magazine MAG.
The Manila Bulletin MANILA BULL.
Manila Standard MANILA STAND.
The Manila Times MANILA TIMES
Mindanao Law Journal MINDANAO L.J.
M.L.Q. University Law Quarterly M.L.Q. U. L.Q.
National NAT’L
The New York Times N.Y. TIMES
Newsbreak NEWSBREAK
Newsletter NEWSL.
Newsweek NEWSWEEK
on ON
Office OFF.
Organization ORG.
Philippine Daily Inquirer PHIL. DAILY INQ.
Philippine Law Gazette PHIL. L. GAZ.
Philippine Law Journal PHIL. L.J.
Philippine Studies PHIL. STUD.
The Philippine Star PHIL. STAR
Philippine Yearbook of International PHIL. Y.B. INT’L LAW
Law
PHILJA Judicial Journal PHILJA JUD. J.
Policy POL’Y
Property PROP.
Public PUB.
ANNEX G. SELECTED TERMS
Quarterly Q.
Research RES.
& PERIODICALS
Review REV.
ateneo law journal 142
Rights RTS.
San Beda Law Journal SAN BEDA L.J.
Siliman Law Journal SILIMAN L.J.
San Francisco Chronicle S.F. CHRON.
South China Morning Post S. CHINA MORNING POST
The Straits Times STRAITS TIMES
Tax TAX
The Telegraph TELEGRAPH
Time TIME
Tribune TRIB.
University of San Carlos Law Review U.S.C. L. REV.
University of Santo Tomas Law Review U.S.T. L. REV.
University of the East Law Journal U.E. L.J.
University of Manila Law Gazette U.M. L. GAZ.
The Wall Street Journal WALL ST. J.
The Washington Post WASH. POST