Class XI & XICONTENT JEE Syllabus Force Field Forces Contact Force Tension (T) Spring Force Free Body Diagram Newton’s First Law of Motion Newton's Second Law of Motion Newton’s Third Law of Motion Application of Newton's Laws of Motion Equilibrium of a Particle Frame of Reference Solved Problems Subjective Objective Exercise -1 Constraint Relations Solved Problems Subjective Objective Exercise -2 Friction Laws of Friction Solved Problems Subjective Objective Exercise -3 Centripetal Force Solved Problems Subjective Exercise -4 Answers to Exercise Concepts and formulae a glance Chapter Practice Problems Assignments Section-| Section-Il Answers to Chapter Practice Problems Answers to AssignmentsLaws OF Motion 2: SLI ECT Laws of motion, Inertial and Uniformly accelerated frames of reference | “Force is an extemal acti uniform nolan etna tity which pushes or pulls a body or tends to change the state of rest or of ‘S.L unit of force is Newton(N). It can be expressed as kg-m/s*. 1 Newton = 1 kg-mi/s CHARACTERISTICS OF FORCE | (2) It produces or ties to produce motion ina body at rest (b) It stops or tries to stop a moving body, (c) lt changes or tries to change the direction of motion of a body. () It can produce a change in the shape of a body, Depending upon its origin, forces can be classified as field fofoes"and contact forces. Bodies can exert forces on each other without actual physical contact. This is known as action at a distance. Such forces are known as non-contact forces (or) field forces, e.g. gravitational force, electrostatic force etc. The earth applies gravitational force on a mass which is known as weight (W) also. Magnitude of weight is W = mg, where m is mass of the body and q is the magnitude of free fall acceleration on the surface of earth (@,= 9.8 mis’). Direction of weight is taken towards the vertically downward direction. But actually it acts towards the centre of the earth. aa Li w A In both the diagrams W = -mgj CONTACT FORCE The force exerted by one surface over the surface of another body when they are physically in contact with each other is known as contact force. If two surfaces that are in contact are perfectly smooth, then the entire contact force will act only along the perpendicular (normal) to their surfaces of contact and is known as “Normal force or Normal reaction.” If two surfaces that are in contact are rough surfaces, then one component of this contact force acts Perpendicular to the surfaces of contact and the other component of this force acts tangentially to the surfaces of contact and this component is known as “force of friction.” Normal reaction, Tension, Friction, etc. are the examples of various contact forces. Normal reaction Z The forces F, and F, shown in the diagram acting, respectively, on __,( F — A bodies A and B act away from the surfaces of contact and prevent the F {wo bodies from “occupying the same space’. ml ‘Megacosm Cognilons Pi. i, 67, Kalu Sara Servapriva Vir New ‘webste: wwamegecosmcogniton: comEo oY IF; Is the action, then is reaction: they are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. Further, F and F, are both perpendicular tothe surfaces in contact and note that they act on two different bodies, Examples: oa es N; and Np are the normal reaction of the ground on the stone piece. Ny \ Ne FF mg 77 Forces on the sphere Forces ‘On the rod Illustration 1: The free body diagram of a rod of mass m shown in the figure is Solution: There are two types of forces ‘acting on the rod. One is normal reaction %* applied by the floor and the wall and another is weight applied by earth. Ne Normal force N; applied by floor on the lower end of the rod is towards vertically upward direction. The normal reaction Nz applied by the wall on the rod is perpendicular to the rod. Weight mg is acting towards the vertically downward direction. Tension (T) When a string, thread or wire is held tight, the ends of the string or thread (or wire) pull on whatever bodies are attached to them in the direction of the string. This force is known as tension. if the string is massless, then the tension ‘has the same magnitude at all points throughout the string. It always acts away trom the body itis tied to. It pulls on both sides and both bodies with the same magnitudes T, even ifthe cord runs around a massless, frictionless pulley. Such a pulley has negligible mass compared to the other bodies ofthe system and has negligible friction opposing its rotation. Examples (i) Tension ina string: For a block ‘A’ pulled by a string, Taagocom Cognifon Pv Ud, 57, KON Sarat Sovopiya Vir, New Deh 11016, mol: enauy ‘webite: wi megacesmeegnlion.comofa te — cE FL eT PH-LOM-3 m the point of (i) The ai ys away {ror direction of tension is always away from Ne toe ace attachment towards the body. In the given figure, at O towards A and B respectively. For the wedgo, there are two sagments of the thread at the paint of the attachment 0 to the body. Hance, two tensions act on ‘wedge; ona along OB and the other along OA. mee or A 0. Henca, a tonsion wil act on B away from the pont of attachment along B A + y x Forces on m Forces on Pulley lowing systems. Mlustration 2: Draw the free body diagrams of each of the masses in fol ™ ™ Solution: NM Ne T F 1 Ne mg mg FBDofm, FBDofme FBD of M Illustration 3¢ Consider two blocks of masses ma, mp and a tiangular r wedge M arranged as shown inthe figure. (consider al Le surfaces to be frictionless, strings to be massless and taut & pulleys to be massless and frictionless.) Draw free body diagram for the masses ma, ms and M. Solution: FBD of my FBD of ms Ns (Normal reaction Na (Normal reaction du 0 wedge) a {Fonsion ue te ue to ground) a T (Tension due to sting) matweigh) ‘mag (weight) ‘Megocosm Copneons Pd, 57, Kel Sera Sorvapiva Viner, New Del 110014, Ell website wwwimegacoemcagntionscom x FBD of m al FBD of M 'N (Normal reaction ‘due to ground) + 7 A we v oY, 7 (Normal reaction ag ‘due to me) ‘enqutyamegocosmcogriions comLE Fo oes SPRING FORCE Whenever a spring is compressed or el i " n longated, the elastic force developed in the spring which helps the Spring to restos orginal ents known as spring force : in an extended (or compressed ' ao pressed) spring is proportional to the magnitude of extension (or i.e. F ex, in magnitude, but opposite in direction. —t_, L = Natural So, F= Ki. where kis 9 pote constant, als kno as j ~ spring constant of the spring, which depends upon the cei property of material of the spring and its dimensions and x is ence of elongation from the natural length. ive sign gives the direction of spring force which i compression nthe soring em ts neural length, SS lilustration 4; The free body diagram ofthe block of mass m shown in the figure is wall ti Solution: There are three types of forces acting on the block. First,one is spring force, second is normal reaction applied by the wedge and third is weight applied by earth, The spring is elongated so spring force F would act towards the upward direction, parallel to the incline. Here F = k x (AL), where k is spring constant of the spring and AL is the elongation in the spring. PEEP yp This technique helps in pictographic representation of all the forces acting on a body. ‘Subsequently, we can apply vector techniques with Newton's laws of motion to study the motion ofthe body. Step 1: The first step is to decide the system. A system must have identical motion for all its particles. Step 2: Once the system js, decided, make a list of all the forees acting on the system due to all the objects other than the system itself Any force applied by the system on the surrounding bodies should Soe feded inthe hel of the forces. One may furnish 2s much information as one has abow the magnitude and direction of forces acting on the system. Do not try to identify forces before you have decided the system. step 3: Now, represent the system by a point in a separate diagram and draw vectors representing the forces acting on the system with this point as common origin. The forces may lie along. 8 line, may be (eeeuted ithe space. Indicate the magnitudes and directions of the forces inthis diagram. This is known as a free body diagram. iilustration 5: Consider a triangular wedge of mass M and a block of mass m placed on it as shown in the figure (consider all surfaces to be frictionless). Draw free body diagram of block m and triangular wedge M. Solution: (i) For system m, the forces acting on it F.B.D ofm are weight & normal reaction by M N(Nvormal reaction by M) Tegucorm Cognfions Pvt, 7, Kalu Sorc Savapriye Vier, New Deh 110016, Email: enqukyémegacos ‘websle wirk meg : ‘wire megacosmcogations comPut. Ltd. UES pemene PH-LOM-5, ry ‘ D. of M (il) For system M, the forces acting on it loinc are weight, normal reaction by m, and ‘by ground) Normal reaction by ground. fi N Mgtweloht) Mlustration 6: Consider a triangular wedge of mass M and a block of mass m and a ring of mass m’ ate arranged as shown in the figure. An ideal spring of spring constant k is connected to the block and is in ‘compression such that all the components are in ‘equilibrium. (consider all surfaces to be frictionless). Draw free body diagrams of block m, ring m’ and triangular wedge M. The vertical rod AB is fixed at Point A and is smooth. Solution: (i) For system m, the forces acting on it F.B.Dofm are wei tension & normal reaction tae nceal mscton by Ml mmatwetght (i) For system M, the forces actfig’én it F.BD.ofM are weight, normal reaction “by m, Ns (Normal reaction spring force, tensions and > normal by around) reaction by ground. Fa hleping force) “cTenslon) 1 NE mgtwetah) (ii) For systém m’, the forces acting on it, qlommat seacion by ro Tetons) fare weight, tension & normal reaction "Normal #astion Pyros) by tod. watweioht) Ea CC Every body continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state by an extemal force. WOOT Inertia The first law of motion describes a property of matter: No body (dead or living) can change its velocity by itself, without an external force acting on it. This property is known as inertia. When a car suddenly starts, moving, the passengers in the car are thrown back due to inertia of rest. Similarly, when the car stops suddenly, the passengers stoop forward due to inertia of motion, Momentum Momentum is the measure of motion contained in a body. It is defined as the product of mass and velco the body. Its direction is same as that ofthe velocity of the bod! B=mv, where p = momentum of the body, m = mass ofthe body, locity of the body. ‘Megacesm Cogations Pv Ud. 67, Kly Saal Savaptiva Vir, New Del 110016, Emol: enquky@megacesmcognlions.com \ebite"wirw megacormecognsons.comPeer LE Fr UCTS ere Bea A cd The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the net external force acting on the body. This change in momentum is in the direction of the resultant force. The second law of motion relates two different physical quantities already known to us, viz. force and ‘momentum, The first law tells us that force (a push or a pull) causes a change in the velocity of a body and gives the qualitative analysis of force, the second law gives @ quantitative analysis of this cause of change. Mathematically, F = ® Force and momentum are not independent quantities any more in the sense that they are related to each other. Ifthe mass m of the body is constant, then é S niy=m =ma a dt ‘We will discuss several applications and illustrations of this law. Impulse: A large force acting for a short time to produce a finite change in momentum which is called impulse of this force and the force acted is called impulsive force or force of impulse: Mathematically itis described as the product of force and times Impulse (J) = F At (For constant force), if force is Variable, then J fea i Impulse (J) = mv -mii ‘The area under F — t curve gives the mhagnitude of impulse, Impulse is a vector quantity and itsidireclion is same as the direction of F . Unit of Impulse : The unit in S.1. system is kgm/s or newton -second, Dimension =: MLT* INET SLATES Eager To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that if a body A applies a force F on a body B, then the body B will also exert a force -F on the body A. Illustration of Newton's Third law: ‘Some of the examples of Newton's third law of motion are given below: 4. Book kept on a table: A book lying on a table exerts a force on Suppor of Table the table in the form of normal reaction. This is the force of [eatin action. The table supports the book, by exerting an equal and (ar opposite force on the book. This is the force of reaction, as shown inthe gure, 7 Force applied by book onthe table Action) 2. Walking: while walking a person presses the ground in the backward direction (action) by his feet. The ground pushes the person in forward direction with an equal force (reaction). The component of reaction in the horizontal direction makes the person move forward. optva Vir, New Deb-11014,Emall; enquyy@megacormeognllons com webste: www megocosmcogntfon.comTS PHLOMT swimmer Swimming: A swimmer pushes the water backwards (action). The water pushes the Forward (reaction) withthe same force. Hence the swimmer swims. (reaction, en When & gun is fired, the bullet moves forward (ac n). The gun recoils backwards bis /es forward (action). The gun recoils bi action). Flight of jet planes and rockets: The burnt fuel which appears in the form of hot are highly Compressed gas escapes through the nozzle (action) in the backward direction. The pers 9 Pushes the jet plane or rocket forward (reaction) withthe same force, hence the jet or rocket moves. Rebounding of a rubber ball: When a rubber ball is struck against a wall or floor, it exerts a force 2 wall (action). The ball rebounds due to equal force (reaction) exerted by the wall or floor on the ball. 7. tis difficult to walk on sand or ice: Ths is because on pushing, sand gets displaced and reaction from sandy ground is very litle. In case of ice, force of reaction is again small because friction between feet and ice is very smal Driving @ nail into a wooden block without holding the block is difficult: This is because when the wooden block is not resting against a support, the block and nail both move forward on being hit with @ hammer. However, when the block is held firmly against a support, and the nail is hit, an equal Feaction of the support drives the nail into the block ‘Application of Newton's Laws of Motion Newton's laws can be applied to study the motion of a body under the influence of a force or a set of forces, To make the study simplei, we take the model ofthe body and represent it by a point, ie. the body itself is considered a point mass. The diagram showing all external forces acing on a body is called free body diagram, After representing the forces, the following steps may be adopted to study the motion of the body, 1. Isolate the system and draw the forces acting on the system. Here, replace the actual system by a Point mass. This is the free body. diagram (F.B.D.). Show the direction of acceleration with an arrow. 2. With reference to direction of motion of the system, select suitable co-ordinate axes. 3. Consider the origin of the forces acting on each object. To do this find out the field forces acting on the object. Where ever contact is available show the contact forces carefully. 4. Draw the forces in the given problem, decide whether the system can accelerate or not. 5. If it accelerates, find its direction. 6. In case of a composite problem of a number of bodies connected by strings and pulleys, find the relationship of accelerations of different bodies by constraint relationship [discussed later). 7. Resolve all external forces along the chosen axes. Set up equation of motion along the individual axes as (ZF ex)s = Ma, and (ZF gx), = May. Finally, get the net acceleration as, a= a,+ a, ie.a= ja; + a) with direction w.r.t. x-axis as 6 = tan’* (ay/a,) Ilustration 7: Two blocks of masses my = 2 kg and m2= 1 kg are in contact on a ™, smooth horizontal surface as shown in the figure. A horizontal force me F =3Nis applied onthe block m,, Find the contactforce between |) the blocks. ‘Megacosm Cognition Pi 2 iow Delhi -110014, Email: enqutyamegocosmcognifons.com webstle: ww.megacosmscognions.comCie NTJEE-1920 PHLLOME pom Solution: Let contact force between te blocks be F. Since Fis responsible forte acomeraton of ms, hence it il bein the drecon of acceleration of m, while on mt wil be oppose direction of acceleration. Equations of motion F.B.D. of the blocks. “ F-F,=ma a) Ns Fy =ma 2. (2) Fy F fi where a = acceleration of the blocks. From (1) and (2), we get ma az _ op, ayy, ne m+m, m+m, ease =e 2 F.BD.ofm, F.BD.ofme EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE Equilibrium of a particle in mechanics refers tothe situation when the net external force on the particle is Zero which can be termed as transiatory equilibrium. Although equlibrium of a body requires not only translatory equilibrium but also rotational equiibrium, for which zero net extemal torque is required. Rotational equilibrium of a body would be discussed in Rotational mechanics. Translatory equilibrium means that the particle is either at permanent rest or in uniform motion. Equilibrium under three concurrent forcesf,, F, and F, requires that the vector sum of the three forces is zero. Fy+hp+y=0, DF =0 « DF, =0 DF, =0, DF, =0 where, DF, =IDF +iDF +kDA Illustration 8: The weight W,, in the figure is 300 N. Find T;, Tz, Ts and W2 Solution: t a 300 T,c0s37%- Ti =0 T, sin37°j -300j =0 ‘After solving, T; = 500 N, Tz = 400 N, T; = 666.67 N, W, = 533.33 N ‘A heavy block of mass M hangs in equilibrium at the end of a rope of mass m and length ¢ connected to a ceiling. Determine the tension T in the rope at a distance x from the calling. Also draw a graph between T and x. Mustration 9: "Megocosm Cognos Pv. 87, Kel Sarl, Servaprive Viner, New Debi 110014, Er; enaukrySmegocosmeogniions com websle: wonwmegacosmcegntons.comI= Solution: ; Dring the re body dag forthe system cotsning the block and he lower pa of in 2 : 1-m-2c-nfo-0 — (ome | ° T=Mg+ F(¢—x)9 « t Mg M+ (ougye—g xel x Tees aa a Conveniently chosen co-ordinate system, which describes the position and motion of a body in Inertial Frame of Reference ‘A reference frame in which Newton's laws are strictly valid is called as an inertial frame of reference. Any race frame which is either at rest or in uniform motion, with respect to an inertial frame is itself Non-Inertial Frame of Reference A reference frame which accelerates or rotates with respect to an inertial reference frame. Newton's law's can be applied in this frame only after applying an additional force (called pseudo force) on the body. ¥ Motion of a particle (P) is studied from two frames of references S and S'. S is an inertial frame ofreference and S' is 2 noninertial frame of reference,.At any time, position vectors of the particle with respect to those two frames are fF and 7", respectively. At the same moment, position vector of the origin of S' is R with, respect to S as shown in the figure. From the vector triangle OO'P , we get T= Differentiating this equation twice with respect to time, we get a a2(7) =). Ff) a? dt? dt? > a Here, = acceleration of the particle P relative to S', acceleration of the particle relative to S, A= acceleration of S' relative to S. Multiplying the above equation by m (mass of the particle), we get ma-mA => Fr=Fiegay - MA => F'=Firagy +(-MA). In a non-inertial frame of reference, an extra force is taken into account in order to apply Newton's laws of motion. The magnitude of this force is equal to the product of the mass of the body and acceleration of the frame and it is always directed opposite to the acceleration of the frame. This force is known as Pseudo force, because this force does not exist in the inertial frame of reference. ‘Megacorm Cognilons Fv. Ut, 87, Kol, Sor, Savopiva Vier, New Demi 110016, mol’: enqulyamegacesmcogalions.com ‘website: wien megacosmcogntions.comTES [__peLom0 J eer Note: (i). When pseudo force is applied in equation of motion, then the acceleration obtained is with respect to a non-inertial frame of reference. (ii) For problem solving purpose earth is assumed to be an inertial frame of reference. 'ed plane. With what acceleration a, towards right, IMlustration 10: A block of mass m is placed on an inctin 5 not slide on the surface should the system move on a horizontal surface so that m does of the inclined plane? Assume all surfaces to be smooth. Solution: From ground frame the forces acting on the block m are: (i) its weight mg, and {ii) normal reaction R and its acceleration is rightward. ™ If we analyse the motion of m relative to the inclined plane, its acceleration is zero and the forces acting are its weight, the z normal reaction and a pseudo force of magnitude ma towards left. mg R cos 0 = mg R cos R sin 0=ma na a=gtan0 Rind mg Ilustration 11: A pendulum of mass m is hanging from the ceiling of a car having an acceleration a, with respect to the road in the direction shown. Find the angle made by-the string with the vertical. Solution: Since bob of the pendulum is stationary relative to car, Teose Hence, T sin 0 = mag (pseudo force) “ 8 T cos @ = mg (i) : Dividing (i) by (i), we get mas Tsing tan = Se acta %) Ee 8 7 F.B.D. of pendulum relative to car Ilustration 12: A block of mass m lies on the surface of lit. Find the normal contact force between the block and the floor of the lift when: (a) The liftis at rest (0) The lift moves upward with constant acceleration a. (c) The lit moves downward with constant acceleration a < g (d) The lift moves downward with constant acceleration a > g. Solution: (a) When the elevator is at rest, as observed from lft frame ri Net force on the person F = 0 i ji ie, N-mg=0 orN=mg 3 i.e., apparent weight is equal to the actual weight of the person, in the figure 2 m9 (b) When the elevator is accelerating upwards, as observed from lft frame X or Ne=mg+ma=m(g+a) ...(i) Thus N; > mg Hence apparent weight of the person becomes more than the actual weight, when the elevator is accelerating 1] upwards. ma "Megaccsm Cogntions Fe. Ud, 57, Kalu Sara Sarveprya Vina, New Del-11001e, Emel ee ply er, Now Dei 1006 nel enutyanegacoancogron com(©) When the elevator is accelerating downwards, as observed from lift frame No=mg-ma=m(g-a) (i | Thus Ne < mg : Hence apparent weight ofthe person becomes less than the ] actual weight when the elevator is accelerating downwards, (0) When downward acceleration is greater than g, i.e. a> g, then, No = m (g - a), Np becomes negative i.e., apparent weight of the Person becomes negative. In that event, the Person will rise from the floor of the lift ‘and stick to the ceiling of the lift mg Mustration 13: A wedge of mass m; and with angle o rests on a horizontal surface, A block of mass my is placed on the m) wedge, which rests on the wedge. Assuming the friction to be negligible, find the acceleration of the wedge. Also find the acceleration of the block relative to the ‘wedge. Solution: Let us solve this problem by Considering the motion of ms in non- inertial frame of wedge. In that frame, the block is al rest along the normalto the inlined plane, Hence, it is under equilibrium along the normal to the plane. Due to the acceleration of the frame towards right, pseudo force acts on the block towards left. As shown in the F.B.D. mea sina +N=mag cos u (1) FBo.etm, F80.ofm andform;, Nein a = mia (2) " ye Multiplying (1) by sin « and substituting (2) init, fe m, asin a+ m,a= mag sin «cos a 3 gsin a cos of ny on sin? a +(my/m,) ne From the F.B.Dofm, _ Magsina’+m,acosa et ™ (128 pana my 142 gin? m > Ud. 57, Kalo Se Srey Vw, New Del D1 webste : wwe megacosmcogallons.co ‘Megacorm CognitoPH-LOM. cee SOLVED PROBLEMS Problem 1: A man of mass 60 kg is holding a block of mass 10 kg in equilibrium, in two different ways as ‘shown in the figure (a) and (b). Find the normal reactions exerted by the floor on the man in both the cases, 60kg 6Okg| j=] 10%@ j 10kg Fig-(a) Fig-(b) Solution: Free body diagram in situation (a) _ Situation (b) Ny ae Na tT ‘T - co! "108 0 T dr 100 Ny ~ T- 600 = 0 (From FBD of man) Nz + T - 600 = 0 (From FBD of man) T ~ 100 = 0 (From FBD of block) T 100 = 0 (From FBD of block) Ny = 700 N N2=500N Problem 2: Two steel balls A and B aré placed inside a right circular cylinder, of diameter 54 om making Contacts at points P, Q and R as shown inthe» { 4) figure. The radius t4 = 12 cm and rs = 18 cm. The masses are mo, R rma = 15 kg and ms = 60 kg then find the forces exerted by the floor at od the point Q and the wall at R. (taking g = 10 mis") oon S4om Solution: FBD of balls A and B in system FBD of ball Bin system O Ne a 480NC Leghir Ne ie he Nos 750n N sin 0 + 600-750 = 0 No ~750=0 S150 2. N= 250N Nocos @- Ne =0 Na = 200 N Tegacosm Cogntlon: Pi Uc, 57, Kal Ser, Sorvapiya Var, New Delh 110016, Emal-enquly@megocom websle: wwne megacosmeogniions.com ———Tz) Tam) PALOMA P, ’ roblem 3: 4, hockey puck with a mass of 5 kg slides on the horizontal frictionless surface of an ice rink. TWO forces act on the puck as shown in the figure. Determine the magnitude and direction of the puck’s acceleration. Solution: F< F,, +F,, = 10 c0s 30° + 2013 cos 60° 1008 208.4 -t5.N Fy) =A, =F), +F,, =~10sin30° + 20/3 sin6o* =-5+30=25N fal +a? = /27+25 = 52 =7.2 mis? o-ten'[ = 43.9° [Direction relative to:positive x-axis] Problem 4: A pulley fixed to the celling.of an. elevator car carries a thread whose ends are attached.to the masses m, and ma. o The car starts going up with an acceleration a.. Assuming the masses of the pulley’and the thread as well as the friction to be negligible, find: Com (a) the acceleration of the load m, relative to the elevator | ™L shaft and relative to the car; (b) the force exerted by the pulley on the ceiling of the car Givenm.>m,. Solution: —_(a) The elevator is an accelerated frame which is t 1 Non-inertal, pseudo force may < mza have been taken into consideration for m; and m2, ; h ™ fos respectively. ig + mya 13) (i) mg { may ™o [™ ee ere (B.D. ofthe blocks relative ‘Solving the above equations, we get, ip eeane z '2)4o +9) (m,+m,) This is the acceleration of m; wit, car, (b) Acceleration of the mass m, w.r.t the elevator shaft = a, - a, __ 284MM, —9(m, -m,) (m+) Force exerted by the pulley on the ceiling of the car 4m, (ay + 227 =(ma,+m oman 2= ara) ‘Megocosm Cognlion: Pld, 57, Kal Sora, Svopriva Vika, New Del 11001 mol enauty@megacoumcagniions com webile: www megacoemeegntons.comamie (LO M Mlustration 6: A wedge of mass Mlies on a smooth fixed wedge of inclination 0. A = Partce of mass m lies on the wedge of mass M in the Tae All =r surfaces are frictionless and the distance of the block from the fixed Ry wedge is ¢. Find. 7 (a) Normal reaction between m and M (b) the time after which the particle will hit the fixed wedge. Solution: In the reference frame attached to wedge of mass M the particle of mass m can only move horizontally. N " ‘diagg'con 8 freeones aa = Nsing ae mo Mg cos@ N cos @ fag sino FBD of wedge of mass M with respect 10 ground Applying Newton's 2" law for the particle N+ maqc sin 8 = mg Ai) May COS B= MArat (ii) ‘Applying Newton's 2 law for wedge of mass M Nin 0 + Mg sin 0 = Mave (i) Solving (i), (ii) and (il) we get _ (M+ migsind Me msin’ 0 Mmgcos’ 0 (M+ msin’ 8) -+mgginGes Memsin’ 0 time taken by the particle to hit the fixed wedge FBD of particle w.rt. wedge of mass M om = 2 2uM+msin?0) | (M+ mjgsindcos0 | problem 1: A.lock of mass 2 kg is resting on a frictionless plane, It's struck by a jet releasing water at 1 kgs"' and at a speed 5 ms ‘Find initial acceleration of the block? (A) ims? (B) 25ms* (c)5ms* (0) zero Solution: Sragesom Copnions PU. 37 aly Soo) Sovoptva Var New Deh-T100e ral enqurymegocesmcogni website ; www.megocosmcognilions.com eeePH-LONES (eee A B c P : roblem 2: Three blocks A, B and C tied with inextensible strings are th LEml_f Placed on a smooth horizontal fable. If a force F is applied | m |) ™ : ‘a8 shown in the figure, then find tensions T; and Ta. RTA (ay —_™F (mim) @— mF m,+m, +m," m,+m, +m, im,+m, +m," m,+m, +m, mF (cy) —™F_ mim, om," (0) none of the above Solution: (a) F im +m, +m, T,=ma=—™F _ m,+m, +m, (m+m,)F ™m,+m, +m, aa T, =(m,+m,)a= Problem 3: A pendulum is suspended from the roof of the compartment of a train and makes an angle of 3° with the vertical. Find the acceleration of the train? [Take tan 3° = n/60] (A) 5ms? (B) 5123 ms* (C) 2.53 ms* (D) 0.523 ms? Solution: (D) In the adjacent figure, sin 3° cos 3° Mg 2 tase 9 a=gtan3 Qs small tan 0 = 0 in radians) a= gx xn=10x2%3-M4 180 180 =0.523ms* Problem 4: A body of mass 2 kg has an initial speed of 5 ms’. A force acts on it for 6 seconds in the direction of motion, The force-time graph is shown in the figure. Find the final speed of the body. (A) 9.25 ms* (B)5ms* (C) 13.7 ms* (D)4.25ms* Solution: (c) Impulse = area under (F-t) graph = 17.4 Ns impluse m2 vz vit AV = 5487 = 13.7 ms* av 8.7 ms" jmegacosmeoanions.com ‘Megacosm Cognilons Fv. Ud, 57, Kalu Sora, Sorvapiya Vihar, New Delhi -110016, Emall: engui Wwebste: wirw.megacormcogniions.comis Problem 5: Solution: Problem 6: Solution: Problem 7: Solution: [__Pr-Low-6 J Dene ee ‘A block A is able to slide on the frictionless incline of angle 0 and length |, kept inside an elevator going up with uniform velocity v. Find the time | taken by the block to slide down the length of the incline if released from . 7 What would be the time taken if the elevator is accelerated | ‘al ms ‘aime? a a (A) & Eee a 7 gsind’ \(g+a)sin ©) Jaane" Y(g=a)sind oy EE gsin@’ \gsind (D) none of these (A) Case (i): Josinor slort= gsi 21 (g+a)sind Case (ii): Flas asinoe =lor The magnitude of force acting on a body varies with time as | Fore tg) shown in the figure. The magnitude of rate of change of *0N) acceleration at a point is [Mass of the body is 10" kg] : at (A) 3x 10° mis? (B) 30 x 10° m/s 7 e 6 Ws) (C) 8x 10' mis* {D) 80% 10 mis a (B,C) Rate of change in acceleration for AB = 0 800=200_ _ 39x10 mis Rate of fe ——> fe of change for BC = aos Rate of change for GO 2000-2 = 810 m/s® 10x10 «10° om the surface of a sand bed. If it penetrates An iron nailis dropped from a height h fr he average force exerted by the through @ distance x in the sand before coming to rest, t sand on the nail is, h * (A) =+1 (B) mg| — +1 wma om) h x a me ome”) ©) mofE ) a) The nail hits the sand with a speed V, after falling through a height h => VB =2gh= Vp = 2gh elf) The nail stops after sometime say t, penetrating through a distance x R into the sand. Since its velocity decreases gradually, the sand exerts a retarding upward force, R (say). The net force acting on the nail is given as EF,=R-mg=ma => R=mgta) (2) is mg where a = deceleration of the nail. Since the nail penetrates a distance x, 0- Vg =-2ax (3) Tiegaconm Cognlions Pv ltd, 67, Kol Sora, Savapriva Viva, New Delhi -110016, mall; enquliyamegacosmeognfions.com ‘websle : wnw.megacosmcogniions.comPutting Vo from (1) and ‘a from (2)in (3), we obtain h 2h o RMO) 5 ONO 5 nemg( st] x ™ Problem 8; In the figure, the block of mass M is at rest on the floor. is €cceleration with which a monkey of mass m should climb up along the rope of negligible mass so as to lft the block from the floor is, M M (A)| ——1 sar (Hp @)>(4-4)o M M oM, M (Ma () >79 Solution: (By Equation of motion for M: Since Mis Stationary, T-Mg=0 => T=Mg (1) Since the monkey moves up with an acceleration ‘a’, T- mg =ma => T=mi(gta) (2) Equating (1) and (2), we obtain Tie Mg = migta) : M =/--1 >a ( x ) Q That means, if a> (s ) 9), the block M can be lifted from floor Mg mg |s it possible to have motion in the absence of a force? If a body is.at rest, can we say that no force is acting on the body? 3 A baseball of mass m is thrown upward with some initial speed. If air resistance is neglected, ‘what is the force on the ball: (a) when it reaches half its maximum height, and (b) when it reaches its peak? ~~ Ifa small sports car collides head-on with a massive truck, which vehicle experiences the greater impact force? Which vehicle experiences the greater acceleration? SE |s there any relation between the total force acting on an object and the direction in which it moves? / body hangs from a spring balance supported from the roof of an elevator. (a) If the elevator has an upward acceleration of 2 mis’ and balance reads 240 N, what is the true weight of the body? (b) Under what circumstances will the balance read 160 N? (c) What wil the balance read i the elevator cable breaks? (Take g = 10 ms) 4 ee Find the tension in rope at section A, ata 4.9 L ee distance x from the right end. rm mmo Gi, x ‘Megacosm Cogniors Pv Koly Soto, Servapriya Viner, New Delhi-110016, Emall: enquly@megacesmeagnins.com wobslle : www.megacosmcognitons.comia tome J eee ‘Two blocks shown in figure are connected by a heavy uniform rope of mass 4 J 200N kg. An upward force of 200 N is applied as shown.(Take g = 10 m/s") (2) What isthe acceleration ofthe system? (b) What isthe tension at the top of the heavy rope? sg (C) What is the tension at the mid-point of the rope? 19 Sf The force F to be applied on the triangular block of mass M so that the block of mass m placed on it appears stationary with respect to wedge is wee (A) mgtan 6 (8) (M+ mjgtan@ (C) (M+ m)g cos 6 (D) (M+m)g sin@ ame speed. The ball remains in contact with the surface for 0.01 sec. The average force exerted CW ball weighing 10 g hits a hard surface vertically with a speed of § m/s and rebounds with the 8 by the surface on the ball is (A) 100N (B) 10N (C)1N (D)0.1N 1Y, —Arock is on an inclined surface. The rock is originally at rest, but starts to slide down the incline ‘The magnitude of the force on the surface due to the rock is Fsa, and the magnitude of the force on the rock due to the surface is Frs. If we compare these forces, we find (A) Fee < Fas always (B) Fsp = Fes when the rock is at rest else Fsq.> Fas’ (C) Fer = Fas always. ) Fa > Fas always. A block of mass M is pulled along a horizontal frictionless surface by a rope of mass m. If a force F is applied at one end of the rope, the force which the rope exerts on the block is: FM. Fm. @ m+M ®) m+M FM Fm. © im ©) Mem Cece LU Lok The equations showing the relation of the motions of a system of bodies, in which motion of one body is constrained by motion of other bodies, are called the constraint relations. Applying Newton's laws alone is not sufficient in some cases where the number of equations is less than the number of unknowns. Note: Relation of displacement, velocities or acceleration through constraint relation only give relation between magnitude of velocity or acceleration. Consider the situation in the adjacent figure. In this case, constraint equation is very simple, a; = az mi ‘Megacosm Cognilons Pid, 57 Kalu Sori Srvoptiya Vina, New Delhi -110016, Emal : enquiryemegacosmeognlfions.com ‘websile: wrx megaeotmeogniions.comMustration 1: Find the scceleaons of to blocks. Asume puleys and Strings to be massless and frictionless. Also, assume the string to be inextensible, Solution: ¥+2X+2=¢ YeX4tX4g+2-t a0 Subtracting eg () from eq, (i), we get 2¢ = ¢, Differentiating twice this equation wr. time we get ay = 2ay i.e. acceleration of block mis twice the acceleration of block mz ) ean Pulley is massless] { . T= 2ma mt mag -2T = ma For pulley ma ih Miele ef ‘ Sobing a= Sra he gh ae = 2 mo m, +4m, Ts Illustration 2: Find the accelerations of the rod A and the wedge B in the arrangement shown in the figure if the ratio of the mass of the <= wedge to that of the rod equals n and the friction between all surfaces is negligible. 2 Zt Solution: y=xtana = 9¥-"Xtang a dt " 04 = Arwige-tan a( constraint equation) mg -N cos a= mag and 3 N sin a = (nm).avedge mg ZY = mg-Ncosa=maytana ‘Megaccrm Cognions FM. tc. 57, Kalo Saal, Sarvpriya Vir, New Del-110016, Emel: enqulyemegacosmcognlfonscom ‘websile: wu megocormeagnlions comLT FeLo2 TAT 8 Solving, we get, Beige = ——S—__ “ant nesta and agqg=-——2—— Rod Ts ool a ‘Mlustration 3: Find the acceleration of the two blocks m, and mz. Assume that the pulleys are massless and frictionless and the strings are inextensible. Solution: Let the acceleration of blocks m,, m, and pulley B be a1, a2 and as, respectively. Constraint relationship for the string attached to block of mass mj: X1 +X 26, = constant : Differentiating twice wrt time, we get Paso beeeeeas: ay 0 Sn SOO The minus sign signifies acceleratonot pulley’B is opposite to that of block of mass m, Constraint relationship for the string attached to block of mass m2: C2 —X3 + Xz — Xg = constant. Differentiating twice w.r.t. timeywe get a {from equations (i) and (i) Taking the magnitludes only and ignoring the sign, T1220 se (W) mg—Ti=mia, —...(v) th % h Ta=m2g= moa... (Vi) Solving equations from (ii) to (vi) for ay and a, we get a ma ma my-2M, 5, = 09 FBDofpulleyB — FBD of block my m+4m, i (m, — 2m2, m+ 4m, Tegacom Cogntions Pv Ud 7, Kolo Sarai Sawvaprya Vir, New Dehl 10016 ema: enqutyemegucemecgaioncen ‘webs: wora.megacesmecgnilions comCE oo SOLVED PROBLEMS Problem 1: The figure shows a rod of length £ resting on a wall and flor. I's lower end A is pulled towards right wth a constant velocity u, a8 2 result the other end B starts moving down along the wall. Find the velocity with which the end B moves downward when the rod ‘makes an angle 0 with the horizontal Solution: Let us first find the relation between the two displacements then differentiate with respect to time, Here if the distance from the corner to the point A is x and that up to B is y, then the left velocity of point A can be given va = ¢ ‘and that of B can be given as Ve = 4 (-sign indicates, y is decreasing). If we relate x and y: x” + y*= /” Differentiating x dy with respect tot = 2x%..2y%4 - 9 Peeeae aia dl 52 A= We > XU= Wo = Va=u~ =ucolo y Problem 2: A ball of mass m, and a block of mass m, are joined tf together with an inextensible sting. The ball can slide on {VY) a smooth horizontal. surfate. If v; and vz are the respective speeds of the’ball and the block determine |, the constraint relation between the two. me Cas Solution: _Distances"are assumed from the centre of the pulley as shown in the figure. Constraint: Length of the string remains constant. Z a xs +h + x,= constant 4 Differentiating both the sides wrt. the time, we get hy fe 2x, “i io taal Since the ball moves so as to increase x; with time and block moves so as to decrease xz with time, therefore, oF v2=v; cos 8 Problem 3: Two masses m; and mz are connected by means of a light IF string, that passes over a light pulley as shown in the figure. (TY lfm, = 2 kg and mz= 5 kg and a vertical force F is applied on | the pulley, then find the acceleration of the masses and that of the pulley when (2) FE35N, (D)F=70N, (c)F=140N. Megocoim Cogrions Pv Ud, 57, oly Sal Sorvoprva Var New webste: www megacosmec 110016. Ema enqukySmegacoimcosnfions comSolution: Since sting is massless and friction is absent, hence tension inthe string is same every where. (a) Let acceleration of the pulley be ap. For ap to be non-zero, F.B.D. of the pulley T>mg wen(1) F = Pag (2) From (1) and (2), we get F>2x(2g) => F>40N ‘Therefore, when F = 35N ap=0 and hence a= a=0 (b) As mass of the pulley is negligible F-2T =0 = T=FI2 > T=35N Toliftm,, T2mg > T250N Therefore, block m2 will not move = T-mgema, = 15 2a 5 nis? = a= Omis ane) F.B.D. of m Constraint equation T=35N Ye + Ye~ y1= constant t > w= (c) When F = 140 N T=70N => T -mg=may (1) 3 = 7ON-20N=2%a, >a, =25mis T- mage mea --(2) = TON-S0N=5a; = a)=4mis* Constraint equation ye- Yo Ye—yi=C =) 2yp - Ys Y2 = 6 Biagram for constraint relation Problem 1: In the pulley — block system shown, find the D accelerations of A, B and C. Assume the friction to be negligible and the string to be light and inextensible, O ‘The masses of the blocks are m, 2m and 3m respectively Og i) = a= 44-49 279 (A) a= 79 22 70°? 40 (B) ar 19°27 40°" 40 = 9 99 4-19 = (C)a=io° 0° 40 (D) ar= 9 1 8e= 45 8 {oa sorvapva Vier, New Deh .qurySmegacormeagniions.com Tmegacosm Copnilons Pri. Ud. §7. Kalu S ‘website : ww megacosmcognions.comees Solution: (A) The FBD of A, B, C are shown in the diagram T=ma, __(t) 2mg —2 (2) a6) constraint relation Xy+ Bx += 0 fay ote | 2mg 13mg ee FaD of 8 FBD of C ast2a)~a,=0 (4) solving the equations Problem 2: All the strings and the/puliés in the figure shown are = massless and frictionless. Find the relation between the accelerations of the block A, B and C having masses m., mg.arid m; respectively. (A) 2a, =; a3=0 (8) 2a°+ a, - a: (Ay 2a + 22 + (8)2a,-a,- a= Solution: (C) x tk | at a= A 3 + a2—2a,=0 Te) 2 + a3 2(-a1)= 0 % 2a; + a+ a=0 ma a | oy % ‘magaccrm Cogriors Pv Uc 7, Kets Sarl Sarpy Vib, New Defi 110016, mat enquryemegeccrmeognifors;com websie: www megacesmcognlons. comProblem 3: Consider the arrangement shown in the figure. If the system is set free at t = O with the horizontal bar at a height of h as shown in the figure, obtain the relation between velocity of A (take u) and velocity of C(take v) at any instant. (A)v=utan 6 (C)v = 2utan 0 Solution: (A) uw. From the figure shown — e ° nd (8) v= 2u cote (B)v=ucote yan 2 “at If v and u be the magnitudes of the velocities of bar and wedges then v=utand XZ Calculate the acceleration of the block, and B in the following cases. i a & 1) we ‘blécks ‘A’ and ’B' having masses ma and me, respectively, ‘re connected by an arrangement shown in the figure. Calculate the downward acceleration of the block B. Assume the pulleys to be massless. Under what condition will block A have downward acceleration? The pulley and the strings are massless. (where a = acceleration Mi! m and A = is the acceleration of M) a 4, / 7A block A constrained to slide along the incline plane of the wedge B. Block A is attached with a string which passes through three ideal pulleys and connected to the wedge B. If the wedge is pulled towards right with an acceleration ‘a’. (a) Find the acceleration of the block with respect to wedge. (b) Find the acceleration of the block with respect to ground. v7 Find the relation between acceleration of the blocks in the figure. 4 F Trenavam Copiers Pd 7, Row Sa Savaptva Vb. New Deh —— vr Den-1l0oe, nal enguryamepacomengibons 30 cos 30°-f=0 or r= a0(2) 153 N ‘As there is a relative motion between the surfaces, hence f= 4.N, where 1 = co-efficient of kinetic friction. f _15V3 _ 3V3 eu 3 0.74 oe esas a, Illustration 3: A block of mass 2 kg is pressed against a rigid vertical wall by a horizontal force of 100 N. If co-efficient of static and kinetic friction are 2ke each equal to 0.3, then find the magnitude and direction of frictional ‘705W force on the block. "Megacoim Cognillons Fi Ud, 57, Ky Serl, Savapriva Vihar, New Dehhi-110016, Emol; enqukryemegacosmcagnilions com \webslle: ww megacosmcognitions.comSIT Leer Solution: Since weight of bi lock is 20 N which is acting downward, it has a ' tendency to move the block downward. Hence, the frictional force will be upward. Maximum value of frictional force can be F simay) = N AS block is in e N=100N 20N S famay = 0.3 x 100 N= 30 N F.BD. ofthe block Since weight of the block is less than the limiting friction, it will not slide, Therefore, for Vertical equilibrium {= 20 N, Mustration 4: N 100N uilibrium along horizontal In the figure shown, co-efficient of friction between the blocks B and Cis 0.4. There is no friction between the block C and the surface on Which itis placed. The system of blocks ie released from rest in the Shown situation. Find the distance Moved by the block C when block A descends tI hrough a distance of 2 m, Given: masses of the a blocks are A= 3kg, ms=5kg and m= 10kg, Solution: Let there be no relative mation between the blocks B and C. Hence, T= (ma + mea oo ), andmag-T = mya (2 From (1) and (2), we get F.B.0. of the blocks as—™9 305 mis : M,+mg+mo 183 Ue Tenwlet force on the block C is, f= Mca = 10 x (5/3) N= 16.6 N me \¥ maximum value of fictional foree acting on block Cis aa then A fimoo= uMag= 04x55 410=20N (+: £< fy) Hence, there is no relative motion between the blocks B and C. ie) Therefore, distance moved by C is 2 m only. ho Sera Svopiya Vo New eh 1018, Ea ee Creme FEE chan eecarieemrenmesesSoM eT TS Problem 1: Solution: Problem 2: Solution: Problem 3. Solution: A block of mass 2 kg is pushed normally against a rough vertical wall with a force of 40 N, co-efficient of static friction being 0.5. Another horizontal force of 15 N is applied on the block in a direction Parallel to the wall. Will the block move? If yes, in which direction €nd with what minimum acceleration? If no, find the frictional force exerted by the wall on the block. The force which may cause the tendency of motion or motion in the body is its own weight and the applied horizontal force of 15 N. The resultant of the forces Fs (20°+18? = 25 N ina direction tan''( 39, the vertical. The fiction wil, by its very vitue of opposing the tendenoy of relative motion, ac in a direction Opposite to the resultant force. Now, for the acceleration fo be minimum, the minimum force required = F — uN (as, jN is the maximum frictional force) = 25-0.5x40=5N Minimum acceleration is = 25 mis? In the arrangement shown in the figure, the system of Rough masses m, mz and my is being pushed by a force Fg applied on my*horizontally, in order to prevent the ——| downward slipping of mz between my and ms. If co 777ml) efficient. of, friction between mz and ma is w and all the other Surfaces are smooth, what is the minimum value of im ms force F? Js Meg: fo < jiNa; No= mga feasts ma) Ne Ne ™ mg s umsa=> a> | ™29 —}— na ma F > (m, + mg + m3)™9 i ™ F.B.Dofm, F.BDofm; A block of mass m is placed on another block of mass M lying on a smooth horizontal surface as shown in the figure. m The co-efficient of friction between the blocks is j. What (woe maximum horizontal force F can be applied to the block M- rrrherrmerealaareren so that the blocks move together? If there is no relative motion between the blocks, then acceleration of the blocks isa=FI(M+m). ‘egacosm Cognilons Pi Ud, 87. KAW Sra Sarvapriva nar, New Deh 110014, fmol: enquiymegeconmensaonrcen website: wis megaccemeegnions.coma) Problem 4: Solution: Problem 5: Solution: PH-LOM-31 Megacosm Cognitions [ears For vertical equilibrium, N = mg (A) : For horizontal equilibrium, { - ma = 0 f ymg>m Fs(M+ oem Men ae a = Froax = (M+ m)ug F.B.D. of m relative to M ‘A small block is resting on an inclined plane (co-efficient of friction j > tan 0) as shown in the figure. The inclined plane is given a constant horizontal acceleration ‘a’ towards right. (@) Find the range of ‘a’ such that the block does not slide on the plane. (b) Find the value of ‘a! such that the friction force between the block and the plane is zero. (a) As p> tan 0, the block does not slide when a = 0 N which is the lower limit Newton's 2 law N-~mg cos 0 = ma sin 0 &m (4) ca F +mgsin@=macosé 2 (2) oe Force of friction F< pN mg F < Ss (condition for no sliding) The rangeof ais 0 to #+12n 1-ptand (b) Setting F =0/ we get a= gtan 6 Tworblocks A and B of masses m, and mz, respectively, are placed on each other and their combination rests on a fixed =e} horizontal surface. A massless string passing over a smooth pulley as shown in the figure is used to connect A and B. ‘Assuming the co-efficient of sliding friction between all surfaces to be yu, show that both A and B will move with a uniform speed, if A is dragged with a force F = u(3m, + m,)g to the left. For vertical equilibrium: F.BD. of, Ni-mig =0 i => Nemg (A) ‘As my slides on mg, hence 74 f= HN = wg (2) For horizontal equilibrium: a F-T-f=0 = F-T-mg =0 3) For vertical equilibrium of mz: Ne-Ni-mag = 0 => No= Ni #mag = mig + mg (4) “Hepocom Copnilrs Fv Ls, 67, Kd Soo, Saveptva Var, Now Detl-110016, nal: enquryemegecesmcognlions.com website: worn megacosmcagnlions. comProblem 6; Solution: “Megacosm Cognos Pt Ud, 67, Kalu Sarl Srvapriya Vik Since f= pNo = y (ms + ™2)9 For horizontal eq fytf, -T=0 = mg + p(m+myg-T=0 6) & Tu ‘Subtracting (3) from (6), we get 3um; g + mag ~ => F=y(3m;+m2)9. mk " 20 kg, 5 kg and 50 kg, respectively. The In the figure, masses mr, mz and M are 9g the co-efiient of fition between, ' ind ground is zero. fr eticint of cton petwomn aground is 0.3, The pulleys and the string are massless, ‘and M and that between mz an‘ The string is perfectly horizontal between Ps and Py a im, and also between Pz and m,. The string © perfectly vertical between P; and Po. An external A 5 horizontal force F Is applied to the mass M. Take P, g= 10 mis”. {@) Draw a free body diagram for mass M, clearly ‘showing all the forces. ; (0) Let the magnitude of the force of friction between im and M be f, and that between For a particular F; itis found that f, = 2f2. Find fy and f, Wite ma and ground be fz. 1 2 Fin dawn equations of motion of all the masses. Find F, tension in the string ang accelerations of the masses. ma @) a A laa FE T (b) We cohsider the following cases: ()Allthe three blocks are moving and m; moves relative to M. In this case, (Fda = HN 3 x 20x 10= 6ON (e)nax = HaNe = He Me g = 0.3 x5 x 10= 15 N Giventhatf,=2f, or f=f/2 The maximum value of fz is 15 N so f; cannot be more than 30 N. This case is nol possible. So, m; remain at rest w.r.t. M. (li) All three blocks are at rest. Now, F-f,=0, T=f,andT=fp So, fi (not possible) (i) All the three blocks are moving with same acceleration ‘a’. In this case, Equation for M: F ~f, = Ma Equation for my: f,- T= mia Equation for mg: T-f= ma f, = 2p = 15x2 Solving, we get a= 0.6 m/s*; =60N; T= 18N; f= 15N, f= 30N. ‘New Debi -110016, Email: enqury8megacosmcognliontcom webutie: worw.megacosmcognitions.comCE Problem 1: Solution: Problem 2: Solution: Problem 3: Solution: ‘Megacosm Cognllons Pv. A man of mass m = 60 kg is ‘standing on a weighing machine fixed on a triangular wedge of angle @ = 60° with horizontal as shown in the figure. The wedge is moving up with an upward acceleration a = 2 mis”. The weight registered by machine is (A) 600 N (8) 1440.N (C) 360 N (0) 240N (c) KA N~-mg cos 6 = ma cos @ N= (9 « 2) 005 0 = 60 (10 +2) cos 60° ‘A massive platform of mass M is moving with speed v = 6 ms"'. Att = 0, a body of mass m (mM) is gently placed on the platform. If co-efficient of friction between the body and Platform is y = 0.3 and g = 10 mis’, then (A) the body covers a distance of 3 m on the.platform in the direction of motion of the platform, (B) the body covers a distance of 3 m onithe platform opposite to the direction of motion of the platform before coming to rest (C) the body covers a distance of 6 m on the platform in the direction of motion of the platform. (0) the body covers a distance of 6 m on the platform opposite to the direction of motion of the platform before coming to rest. - (0) Since M >> m, the velocity of M remains unchanged after m is placed on to it Acceleration of m, a= M™9 = ug m any = a-O=a and initial relative velocity Vays = 0 2 2 vi é Hence, s = ~— =6m. 2ug 2x0.3x10 A body of mass m is kept on a rough horizontal surface of frictio is applied horizontally, but the body is not moving. The net force efficient A force by the surface on the body will be (A)F F>mg \(1-p?) (c) If the body is not moving, F = f, (where f is the force of friction on the body) and 0 block is 2 (A) amg cos 6 (B) wmg/2 cos 0 A (©) um 92 sino year \e ch ck of mass 2 kg is placed on the floor. The coefficient of static friction is 0.4. If a force of 2.8 ; = eee) ‘on the block parallel to floor, the force of friction between the block and floor (taking = J7mis")is 2.8N (8)8N (C)2N (0)zer0 wea body of mass 60 kg is dragged with just enough force to start moving on a rough surface with cients of static and kinetic frictions 0.5 and 0.4 respectively. On applying the same force, what acceleration? (g = 8.8 mis’) 98 mis? (8) 9.8.mis* (C) 0.54 mis’ (D)5.292 mis then acceleration of the block is Pom Jon block of mass M resting on a rough horizontal floor is pulled with a force F at an angle ® with the horizontal If is the coefficient Kinetic friction between the block and the surface, e F (A) — = Bs ee (A) jy (cose -usind)- ug (8) ye \sorEtcosensini)- 0 (0) Eine Given object takesin tiries more time to slide down 45° rough inclined plane as it takes tO slide down a perfectly smooth 45° incline. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the object and the incline is (A) \ : i a 3 AK horizontal force of 10 N is necessary to just hold a block stationary inst a wall, The coefficient of friction between the block and the wall is 0.2. (\ 1e weight of the block is (8) 20N — 70N (C)50N (0) 100N 10. 2 if a body is moving with a constant speed in a circle, as seen from an inertial frame, it is continuously 2 hone v . accelerated towards the centre of rotation with magnitude — (known as centripetal acceleration), where r vis the speed of the particle and r is the radius of the circular path. ‘According to Newton's second law, this body experiences net force directed towards the centre called the centripetal force. Tacuetan Comtions Fi Ud 37 Koh Sra Sarvapriya Vitor, New Defy 110016, Emoll:enqulyamegacosmeogntions.comEa aanpanaas PH:LOM-36 Therefore, net force acting on the body towards the centre = am . where m is mass of body Centrifugal force is a pseudo force acting on the body observed from a rotating frame. Banking of Roads Perhaps you have noticed that when a road is straight, i is horizontal too. However, when a sharp tum Comes, the surface of the road does not remain horizontal. This is called banking of the roads. Road Surface ve Horizontal O Banking of roads Purpose of banking Banking is done 1. To contribute in providing necessary centripetal force. 2. To reduce frictional wear and tear of tyres. 3. To avoid skidding 3. To avoid overturning of vehicles. Casel:y=0 What we really wish is that even if thef@ is'no friction between the tyres N Neos and the road, yet we should be able\to take a round turn. In the given Z figure vertical N cos @ componehitof the normal reaction N will be equal fo mg and the horizontal, N sin @ component will provide for the Nine Necessary centripetal force. [Please note that as we are assuming 1 10 Road Surface be zero here, the total reaction of the road will be the normal reaction } Frictional forces willinot act in such a case Sorbet “. Ncos omg (i) =| Nsin = 2M ii) T Dividing equation (ii) by (i), we get a 9 where 0 is the angle of banking, tana Case-lI: When p #0 In the figure shows a section of the banked road and the view of the vehicle form the rear end. The total forces acting are N; and Np = normal reactions F, and F; = frictional forces mg = weight = radius of the turn, shown dotted 0 = angle of banking Let N= Resultant of N, and N>, F = Resultant of F, and F;, jaro, Sarvaptyo Vihar. New Delhi 110016, Emat:enquieySmegacosmcognllons.com webslle: wivw megocosmcagnlions.comas Leer Let us resolve all the forces horizontally and vertically. As the vehicle has Equilibrium in vertical direction. Neos 0 =F sind +mg i) The resultant of horizontal components i.e., (F cos @ + N sin 6), however, becomes the net external force acting on the vehicle in the radially inward direction of the round-turn. This provides for the necessary centripetal force (mv“/r). 2 Fcos0+Nsing= (ii) r Further, ify is the coefficient of friction, we have F=yN sili) ‘These are the three basic equations from which, we can find out whatever we want to find out Putting (i) in () gives N cos 6 = ,N sin 6 + mg = Nicos @- psin 8) = mg a > No ceosaeno (iv) Putting (i) and (iv) in (i) gives mgcos® mgsind__ mv? *Zos0—ysind cosé—sin ymgcos@+mgsind _ mv? cos0- sind r = mgr cos @ + mgr sin 6 =mv? cos 6 - wmv’ sin 6 min 6(rg + pv?) = m cos 8 (v* - ura) vi =urg tang = YH (A) => tand See (A) 2 pp te tand = + (B) 2: atop iano) e Equation (A) gives the angle of banking for the maximum velocity v and equation (B) gives the value of the maximum velocity which the vehicles should be allowed on a road banked at an angle 0. Notes: The value of y is the minimum value of p required. The value of v is the maximum allowable velocity. ‘The angle of banking @ so that there is absolutely nil wear and tear due to frictional force for the given values of v and r can be determined by putting 1 = 0 in this formula, If we put 1 = 0 in formula (A), we get a tand= 9 Further, for zero frictional wear and tear, the velocity for the given values of @ and r will be jrgtan6 ‘A 1200 kg automobile rounds a level curve of radius 200 m, on an unbanked road with a velocity of 72 km/hr. What is the minimum co-efficient of friction between the tyres and toad in order that the automobile may not skid. (g = 10 m/s") Wy Sorol Sorvoprive Vor, New Delhi -110016, fal: enqulyemegacormeogniions.com "Megacorm Cognllons Fv. $7, Kal ‘webslle : ww megacosmeognlions.com Mustration 1:the frictional force. Solution: In an unbanked road, the centripetal force is provided by 2 friction ~ But fining tcton 2 feton SOLVED PROBLEMS Derive a relation for the safe velocity of negotiating @ curve by a body in a banked curve Problem 1: . i With frictional coefficient u. The vehicle is moving in a circle of radius R and the road is, banked at an angle 8. Solution: From the forces acting on the vehicle in a banked curve (8). Nos 0 -F;sin 19) N sin @ + F, cos 0 = mv’Ir. Fr= yN. Dividing the equations, we have, v? _Nsind+uNeos@ tg Noos6+yNsind 2 paf tand+u : =o [Dividing each term of right side by N cos 0] H+tand Ee “ane Problem 2: An amusement park ride’ consists of a large vertical cylinder that spins about its axis fast enough that any person inside is held up against the wall when the platform is removed. The coefficient of static friction between the wall and the person is 0.3 and radius of the cylinder is 6.0 m. find the maximum period of revolution necessary to prevent the person from falling. How many minimum revolutions per minute does the cylinder perform? Solution: Maximum force in the upward direction due to static friction is Fru, = h(pressing force) = y(mro). To prevent the person from falling, we require Mg < umra® o> a ang Tar Svapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110014, Emal: enquly@megacosmcognifons-com websile : www megacosmcognttions.com¥y does a child in a merry-go-round press the side of his seat racially outward? ne end of a massless spring of force constant 100 N/m and natural length 0.5 m is fixed and the other end is connected to a particle of mass 0.6 kg lying on a frictionless horizontal table, The Spring remains horizontal If the mass is made to rotate at an angular velocity of 2 rads, find the ation ofthe spring. ‘A body of mass 0.5 kg is whirled ina circle with a velocity of 2 mis using 0.5 m length of a string, which can withstand a tension of 15 N. Neglecting the force of gravity on the body, predict ‘whether or not the string break. Give reasons for your answer. The roadway bridge over a canal is in the form of an arc of a circle of radius 20 m, what is te ane speed with which a car can cross the bridge without leaving the ground at the highes int Calculate the ratio of the reaction of a convex bridge at the highest point of the reaction of ‘oncave bridge at its lowest point when a car passes at 30 km/h and the radius of either bridge is 20 m, iY A particle of mass m slides on the inner surface of a’smooth cone of semi angle 0 as shown in the figure. If the speed of the particle is v and it moves in a horizontal circle at a height h which is glven by (@) “tano B) Ycot0 9 (8) 2 (c) Stan 6 oe A point mass m suspended from a light thread of length ¢, fixed at O, is whirled inva horizontal circle at constant speed as shown. From your point of view, stationary with respect to the mass, the forces on the mass are: Ox one Ptr, 87, KON voprya Vihar, New Delhi-110016, imal: enqurySmegacesmcognllons.com websile: wore mepacesmeognitions.comELL LTE 3 Exercise -1 1. ‘Motion Tequires no force. Newton's first law says that motion needs no cause but continues y itself. That is, an object in motion continues to move by itself in the absence of external forces, ag an example, witness the motion of a meteoroid in outer space (imitated by a glider on an ai, track). 2 No, 3. The only external force on the ball at all points in its trajectory is the downward force of gravity el maantide of this force is w = mg. For example, if the mass of the baseball is 0.15 kg, w= 4. The car and truck experience forces that are equal in magnitude but in opposite directions, a calibrated spring scale placed between the colliding vehicles reads the same whichever way it faces. Because the car has the smaller mass, it stops with much greater retardation. 5. There is no relation between the total force on an object and the direction of its motion before or after the force acts. The force does determine the direction of the change in motion. Force describes what the rest of the Universe does to the object. The environment can push the object forward, backward, sideways, or not at all. 6 (a) 200N (b) When the elevator has a downward acceleration of 2 m/s® (6) zero z (2) 8. 2.5 mis’, 137.5 N1125N 2 8B 1. B 4c 2 A Exercise -2 1. (i) 93, 29/8 902800), 2a(sn 22g (2me—ma)/ (4msctma) ; when ma > 2m a=2A 4, (a) 2a, (b) av5=4c0s0 5 OA 6 A 7 8 Exercise -3 1. O44 2 98N 3. (a) 1.56 mis’, 4, (a) 7.6 m's* leftward, (b) 833, (b) 0.86 mis® leftward (c) 13 mis’, (0) 19.6N an) A 7 OA & oC 2 ¢ 10. A Exercise -4 1, This is because of centrifugal force acting radially outwards on the child actually rotating in the merry go round. 2 tom 3. The string will not break as centrifugal force is 4 N, which is less than 15 N. 4, 14m/s 5 048:4 & dD i im Cogniions Pv. i, 7, Kalu Sarl, Sarvapriva Vike, New Debh-110016, Emal enqury@megacosmcognWons.com websile: wawumegacosmeognions.comTERT PH-LON (cerca oT FORMULAE AT A GLANCE Momentum of a body Momentum of a body = mass x velo it is Vectorially, 6 =mi ae) Newton’s laws of motion F=ma (Force = mass x acceleration) . m¥-mi t OF Favecaget ‘mV —mi, in differential form fa If two bodies (two separated bodies exert force on each other when they force, electric force and gravitational third law, f=, -F, oF two parts of the same body) numbered 1 and 2 are in contact or separated by a distance (magnetic force are such forces), then according to Newton’s, where F,, is the force by 10n 2 and F,, is the force by 2 on 1. We have fF Fal=r (Say) but their direction is“opposite and they act on different ocies. This is why action and reaction thoughequal and opposite, cannot produce equilibrium. (2) Magnitude of static friction force Osh a blocks are moving up with an acceleration of 2 mis* up the AY, inclined. ‘Aballoon is descending with a constant acceleration ‘a’ less than the acceleration due to gravity. The mass of the balloon, with its basket and contents is M. What mass m, of ballast (sand bags) should be released so that the balloon will begin to accelerate upward with constant acceleration ‘a’? (Neglect air resistance) 4 Tragocoim Cognions Pi td, 37, Kol S00, Savoptva Vs. New Deh -110014, Encl: enquryBmegacorncognlions com ‘abil: yarn megacoumcognitons.comee ETT PH-LOM: 8. A oallis held at rest in position A as shown in the figure by {wo light cords. The horizontal cord is cut and the ball ‘swings as a pendulum. What is the ratio of the tensions in the supporting cord, in position A, to that in position B? Ge Ifthe coefficient of friction between an insect and bow is and the ae radius of the bow is r, find the maximum height to which the insect can craw in the bowl \m A block of mass m = 1 kg rests on a wedge of mass ley M-= 9 kg, which in turn is placed on a table as shown in the figure. All the surfaces are smooth. (a) What horizontal acceleration ‘a’ must M have relative to the stationary table so that m remains stationary relative — to the wedge? (b) Find the horizontal force required to maintain this acceleration. The two blocks m = 5 kg and M = 25 kgras’shown in the, Bs figure are free to move. The co-efficientiof friction between" "| the blocks is us = 0.4, but the co-efficient of friction between uze ground and M is frictionless. Whats the minimum horizontal force F required to hold m againstM? ca The frictional co-efficientibetween the board and * the floor shown in figure 's y. Find the maximum force that the manecan exert on the rope so that the board does not Slip on the floor. The mass of man is M and the mass of plank is m mA 44,/ A teuek shown in the figure is driven with an acceleration a= 3m/s*, Find the acceleration of the bodies A and B of masses 10 kg and 5 kg respectively, assuming pulleys are massless and friction is absent everywhere. car moves with constant tangential acceleration ay = 0.80 m/s* along a horizontal surface 5 ‘A Ons, a circle of radius R = 40 m. The co-efficient of sliding friction between the wheels the car and the surface is p = 0.20. What distance will the car move without sliding if its initial elocity is zer0? ce In the arrangement shown in figure ma = m and ms = 2m, while F=40t all the pulleys and string are massless & frictionless. Att = 0, a force F = 10 t starts acting over central pulley in vertically upward direction. Find (a) Time at which both the masses lose contact with floor. (b) Velocity of A when B loses contact with floor. [Take all the units into S.1. system, take m = 1 kg and g = 10 mis* for part (b)} mcacamn Cogntions vd, a7 Kal Sara Servepiva Vr New Deb 110014, Ena enaury@megacormcognNons.com websile : www.megacosmcognitions.com site aees PART-B OBJECTIVE (MULTI CHOICE SINGLE CORRECT) J A force-time graph for the motion of a body is shown in the figure. fa ol} 2 ‘Change in linear momentum between 0 and 8 s is a (A) zero (B)4Ns ‘g°@™ (C)8 Nes (D) None of these ae vy ‘Whef a bird of weight W sits on a stretched wire, the tension T in the wire is >wi2 (8) =W (c) Ve tana (D) Ve > vy tana ‘wo similar wooden, blocks are tied one behind the other and pulled across a level surface. Friction is notinegligible. The force required to pull them at constant speed is F. If one block is stacked_upon the other then the new force required to pull them at constant speed will be approximately. (ayFr2 ver (C) VF (0) 2F LA block of mass m lies on a rough surface of co-efficient of friction p. A F \ OO tee F is applied on it at an angle @ to the horizontal as shown, and the ° blocks at rest. The frictional force acting on the block will be F cos 0 (B) w(mg + F sin 0) \y (C) w(mg - F sin 8) (D) umg ‘ ‘Two blocks A and B are pushed against ‘the wall with a force F. The wall is smooth but the surfaces in contact ‘of A and B are rough. Which of the ; following is true for the system of the blocks? | A; 8 (A) F should be equal to weight of A and B for blocks to be at rest. (B) F should be less than the weight of A and B for blocks to be at rest. (C) F should be more than the weight of A and B for blocks to be at rest (D) The system cannot be in equilibrium (at rest). roptva Vita, New Del -110016, Emol: enqury@megacosrcognifns.com ‘Mepaccum Cogriions Pt. Wd. 57 KaW 5 Webi wwwvamegacoemcagnifons.comTEST eee ‘A 2.0 kg block of wood is on a level surface where Hs being applied to the block parallel to the surface. (g = 9.8 If the block was originally at rest, then (A) itwill remain at rest and the force of friction will be 15.7 N. ‘t will remain at rest, and the force of friction will be 13. 7N. (C) it will remain at rest, and the force of friction will be 11.8 N (D) it wil begin to slide with a net force about 1.9 N acting on the block. d on a block of weight W placed on a 80 and tn = 0.60. A 13.7 N force i mis’) Pushing force making an angle 8 to the horizontal is applies horizontal table. If the angle of friction is ¢, the magnitude of force required to move the body is equal to: ° ) W cos d/cos (0 - 6) (B) W sin qcos (8 + 4) o (C) W tan disin (8 - 4) (D) W sin 6 tan (6 - 4) A motorcycle moves around a vertical circle with a constant speed under the influence of the force of gravity W, the force of friction between the wheel and the track f , and the normal force between the wheels and the track N. Which of the following quantities has @ constant magnitude? . (a) N (8) N+f io (C) F+W oy + WF ‘A 40 kg slab rests on a frictionless floor. A 10 kg block rests on top of the 90. FoF) alocy slab in the figure. The static coefficient of friction between the block and aa the slab is 0.60 while the kinetic coefficient is 0.40. the 10 kg block is _J 9 __| Slat acted upon by a horizontal force of 100 N. If g = 9.8 m/s? the resulting acceleration of the slab will be: 0.98 mis? (8) 1.47 mis? (C) 1.52 mis? (D) 6.1 mis® 12, he variation of fofee:acting on a body, with time. Assuming the _F(N) body to start from rest, the variation ofits momentum with time is 44 best represented by which plot? (8) (0) 437, Kaly Sarl Sorvoptiva Vitor, New Debi -110016, Emal’ enquiySmegacormeognfions.com ‘Megacosm Cogniions Pt. ‘webale: ww. egocosmcognitions.comEa = [oreo we CHOICE MULTI CORRECT ‘The blocks B and C in the figure have mass m each, The strings AB and “44 A BC are ight, having tensions T; and T; respectively. The system isin Ys equilibrium with a constant horizontal . pane Keene cago Ts Fame &=1 \5mg Nort = 12mg oe The two ends of a spring are dig i : d Placed along the length of the spring. All displacement have : a spring. Ga oaua maps ich case or cases the tension or change in length of he spring wil have \) She right end is displaced towards ri isi ight and the left end towards left the right end is displaced towards left and the let end towards right (C) both ends are displaced towards right (D) both ends are displaced towards left. 1 ee {rack of radius R, banked at angle @ vehicle moving with a speed V = /Rg tan 6 is able to negotiate the curve without calling Filion into play at all - oo ‘moving with any speed V > Vs is able to negotiate the curve, with friction called into C Javehicle ‘moving with any speed V < Vp must also have the force of friction into play. ‘Dine minimum value of the angle of blanking for a vehicle parked on the blanked road can stay there without slipping, is given by 0 = tan’ ys (us= coefficient of static fiction) RICAL BASED TYPE wo blocks of masses 20 kg and60\kg are lying on a 150N horizontal floor (coefficient of friction. = 0.5). Initially string ee ee is stretched and blocks are at, rest.” Now two forces 300 N ‘and 150 N is applied on two blocks as shown in figure. The sceleration of 20kg block is 2.5 K m/s”, Find the value of K. n the figure shown two blocks each of mass 2 kg are connected though a massless inextensible string, which passes over a fricionless pulley. The coefficient. of friction between any two surface is = 0.1. The acceleration of the blocks is 2s? ind the value of K. fie figure shows an L shaped body of mass M is placed on [Lm smooth horizontal surface. The block A is connected to the body by means of an inextensible string, which is passing over a smooth pulley of negligible mass. Another block B of mass m is placed against a vertical wall of ‘the body. Find the minimum value of the acceleration of block A so that block B remains stationary relative to he wall. Coefficient of friction between the block B and the vertical (wall is 1 = 2. (Take g = 10 m/s’) ‘A plank of mass 10kg rests on a smooth horizontal surface. Two blocks A and B of masses m, = 2 kg and mg = 1 kg lies at a distance of 3 m on the plank as w=0 shown in the figure. The friction coefficient between the blocks and plank are a= 0.3 and js = 0.1. Now a force F = 15 Nis applied to the plank in horizontal direction, Find the time (in sec) after which block A colides with B. ‘Megacorm Coprllom Pv Ut. £7. Kol Sora, Savaptiva Var, New Detl-110016, Emel: enqutyemegacosmcognllons com vwebsle: waewsmegacosmcognlons.comTry “NUMERICAL BaseD DECIMAL TYPE 1 In the system shown in the figure, a bead of mass m can slide ee String. There is friction between the bead and the string. Se iat mass equal to twice that of the bead. The system is release eae rest with length ¢ = 18.75 m of the string hanging below the bead. Assuming the pulley and string to be massless. Find the dietanoe fn meter) moved by the block B before the bead slips out of the tt . B Xun of mass 2 kg is kept on a truck moving with a constant : acceleration. The height ‘h’ of the block is 60 cm and its width ‘we “4 15 cm. The surface between the block and the truck is sufficiently Tough to prevent slipping. Find the minimum acceleration (in m/s") Of the truck at which the block will topple. (take g = 10 m/s") ae COMPREHENSION TYPE ae . eration ap on a level friction! 's moving in a circle of radius ra with a constant speed vo and accel less le. A string is attached to the puck, which holds it in the circle; the string passes through a frictionless le and is attached on the other end to a hanging objectiof mass M. oe Find the time period of mass m (“Ga (6) Yo Yo Rhy (c) 2ve 7% The puck is now made'to move with a speed v' = 2vo, but still in a circle. The mass of the hanging object is left unchanged. The acceleration a’ of the puck and the radius r’ of the circle are sox given by / (A) a’ = 4ajand r= (C) a= 2a, and (D) none of these to The’ puck continues to move at speed v' = 2vy in a circle, but now the mass of the hanging object is doubled. The acceleration a’ of the puck and the radius r' of the circle are now given by (A) at = day and r’= ro, a’ <() a! = 2ag and r= 2p, (a [i"<-r6cket propulsion problem, the mass is variable. Another such problem is a raindrop falling through a Cloud of small water droplets. Some of these small droplets adhere to the raindrop, thereby increasing its mass as it falls. As the raindrop falls through the cloud under Gravity, the momentum of the raindrop changes with time as op _id Fou = ot = @tl™) ‘Megacosm Cognions Pi i. webille : wort megacosmcognitions eees eo dt "at (1) Suppose the mass of the raindrop depend: Let mass of the raindrop vanes as m= x, whare kl oe nds on the distance x that it has fallen. Let m: i ‘ dm | Here, in the case ofa faling raindrop, the extemal force is the weight ofthe raindrop. The term "a" equation (1) is called the reaction fo deeb .d by the small droplets in the cloud to the falling raindrop, ich is due to the opposition offered by Hf we put Faq =™g and m = xin equation (1), we get an equation ofthe form exfay ce (2) This isa differential equation that has a solution of the form v = at, where ‘is a constant and itis the acceleration of the falling raindrop. Taking inital velocity ofthe raindrop to be zero, answer the following questions. 1. The acceleration of the faling raindrop is (A) gi2 (8) 9/3 (C) 94 (0) none of the above 2. The distance the raindrop has fallen through in t= 3.00 s i, 20 2 (a) x23 8) x55 sg (D) nore of the above MATCH LIST TYPE This question contains two matching lists. Choi¢es for the correct combination of elements from List-1 and List-ll ar€ given as option (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which one is correct. |In the diagram shown in figure, Match the Fas tgn statements from List | with those in List II and select the correct answer using the code Fmt ‘smooth given below the lists, (g = 10 mis?) aa 20° (P) | Acceleration of 2 kg block (ny | 13 Stun (Q)_| Net force on 3kg block | eStore (R)_| Net force on 7 kg biock (@ | Stunt 1S) _| Normat reaction between 3g and 2kg @ [20 Codes: BO) Rs (3 i (Oe ot (Oe 4 3 2 Oo oe "Megacoum Cognlon: Pl Ud 57, aly Sal Savopye Vir, New Del 1100s, Enel: enquryBmegaeosmcognions com Webs: worn megocoemcogntions.com2 LA block of mass m kg is sling fom rest on an a surface of inclination @ as shown in the figure under the acter! © three forces, weigh, noma and frictional force only. The magrilic of forces are 20 N, 40 N and 50.N not necessarily inthe same over, The value of gis 10 mls”. Now match the physical quanti 1° with their magnitude in List - Il in SI unit and select that the answer using the codes given below the lists: (assume (P) | Mass of the block (A) | ‘2 2 (Q) _| Acceleration of block (A) |) |4 (R)_| Net force acting on the block during motion (3) {6 (S) | Coefficient of friction between inclined surface | (4) | 49) ‘and block A is y, then value of 8 will be ; Codes: BG Rs (Agee 8), 1 4 2 3 3 1 4 a (D2) 2 3 4 4 MATCH THE FOLLOWING TYPE ‘This‘question contains statements given in two'columins which have to be matched. Statements (A, 8, ¢, 4 column | have to be matched with statements (p,q, r,s, t)in column Il A block of mass m is kept on rough inclined plane of inclination 0. The angle of inclination varies from 8=0t06 3 very slowly then match the column | with column Il. L ) Graph of nét reaction force by indline(on y-axis) Vy () | onithe block vis O(on x-axis) (us= 1) tae | (@) | Staph between acceleration of block (on y-axis) vis 0(on x-axis) wil (5 = ux) ) ie (c) | St@ph between magnitude of ction (on y-axis) vis O(on x-axis) (is = un) , | ibe (p)_, St@ph between magnitude of acceleration (on y- axis) v/s 6(on x-axis) (1 > 14) () ‘Megacoutn Cognilos Pll, £7, Kel Sel, Servapiya Vihar, New Delt 0014, Emal : enquryemegacosmcopnlions.com website: wwvmegocosmeognton cote snea a premntes MATCHING TYPE WITH 3 COLUMNS & 4 ROWS The following/table has 3 columns and 4 rows. Based on table, there are THREE questions. Each fA haé FOUR options (A), (B), (C), and (D). ONLY ONE of these four options is correct Column- 1 shows four different pull =the pulley and the string being ideal Column-II lists the accoerations of seed ope ee coumell lists tension in the string connected to A (take g = 10m/s?) i Mee UT am @ Jag 2m : 1] 4 \ ay) & mi wo ]a=8 (| r-58 mB mg (Additional force) | mga | Alt i =9 =2r y i a tin}, -$ (R) | T= 2mg | 2mg (Pulling force) 2mis* iv) | a = m9 [9 | m (| %=9 ()) T= 2m B ie Pick the correct combination from given options (A) (1) i) (S) (B) (ll) (P) (C) (tll) (iv) (R) (0) (IV) (i) (Q) 2. In which of the given systems, does mass B move with an acceleration ag = g/2? (A) (I) (i) (P) (B) (HI) (S) (C) (Hl) (i) (R) (0) (1) i) (Q) 3. Pick the correct combination for the system with maximum value of tension T. (A) (1) Gi) (P) (B) (GQ) (C) (Iv) i) (R) I) (v)(R) ‘Megocorm Cognos Fv, td, 67 Kal Sore, Sarvapiya Vitor, New Del 110014, Ema enqury@megacosmeognlons.com website: www megocesmeagnions.compre ASSERTION-REASONING TYPE ti Reason). Question has 4 choice (4) This question contains statement-1 (Assertion) and Statement-2 ( (B), (C) and (D) out of which only one is correct. STATEMENT -1 L ‘Ahorse cannot run a cart in empty space. becat ain feet of the horse. A car}tins only on account of reaction of the ground on the feet of th : \ Or eaonet is true, Statement -2 is true, Statement -2 is a correct explanation for statement-1 : (B) Statement-1 is true, Statement -2 is true, Statement -2 is not a correct explanation for ‘statement-1. (C) Statement-1 is true, Statement -2 is false. {D) Statement- is false, Statement -2 is true. 2, / STATEMENT -1 Centripetal and centrifugal forces always Cancel each other. because STATEMENT-2 Centripetal acceleration of body in uniform circular motion is = , where v is the speed of body and R is the radius of circle in which the body is moving (A) Statement-1 is true, Statement -2 is true, Statement -2 is a correct explanation for statement-1: (B) Statement-1 is true, Statement -2 is true, Statement -2 is not a correct explanation for statement-1. (C) $tatement-1 is true, Statement -2 is false. tatement-1 is false, Statement -2 is true. nquy@megacesmcogaiions.com 'ral, Savapriva Vihar, New Det -110016, Emoll www.megacosmcogntions.com ‘Megacosm Cognilions Pt. id webs