Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Oleh :
Veva Lenawaty
UNIKA Soegijapranata Semarang
Endang Widyorini
UNIKA Soegijapranata Semarang
M.Yang Roswita
UNIKA Soegijapranata Semarang
Abstract
Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder that affects qualitative disorder in social
interaction, communication, interest and activity. A child with autism suffers from
communication in the aspect of language or oral skill. The children doesn’t understand
gestures or signaling, as a result he finds difficulties in expressing his desire. The
communication constraint in an effective way makes him behave deficiently such as under
pressure, aggressive, self-destructive, temper tantrum and frustration. This research is
intended to indentifi the application effect of COMPIC in increasing communication skill on
an autistic non verbal children.COMPIC is a visual supporting device which assist an
autistic non verbal to communicate. This research administers a model experiment of single
subject design, i.e an experiment research with few or one subject. This research applies
paradigma A-B-A. Data collection uses rating scale on communication ability for an autistic
non verbal children. The measurement is assessed by the time of baseline, treatment, post
treatment and evaluation. The result of the research reveals that the effect of COMPIC could
enhance the communication ability of an autistic non verbal children. The result shows
improved rating scale score and spontaneous response on the autistic non verbal children.
Hipotesis yang dapat diajukan peneliti di dalam penelitian ini adalah ada
peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi pada anak autis non verbal setelah penerapan
Computerised Pictographs for Communication (COMPIC).
METODE PENELITIAN
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen. Penelitian ini
menggunakan jenis penelitian eksperimen single subject design dengan desain A-B-A.
Pengukuran yang dilakukan meliputi pengukuran baseline, treatment, paska perlakuan dan
evaluasi. Subjek di dalam penelitian hanya satu orang subjek. Empat pengukuran akan
dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat ukur yang sama yaitu rating scale kemampuan
komunikasi yang telah disusun oleh peneliti. Ciri-ciri subjek penlitian adalah sebagai
berikut :
1. Anak yang telah didiagnosa autis non verbal, laki-laki mupun perempuan.
2. Memiliki kepatuhan dan dapat menerima instruksi.
Metode pengumpulan data meliputi observasi (deskriptif, rating scale kemampuan
komunikasi, lembar penilaian) dan wawancara.
RANCANGAN PENELITIAN
Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma A-B-A, dimana A merupakan pengukuran
awal (baseline), B merupakan perlakuan (treatment), dan A merupakan pengukuran akhir
setelah perlakuan.Pada paradigma A-B-A subjek diukur terlebih dahulu kemampuan
komunikasinya melalui observasi dan pencatatan dengan alat ukur rating scale, sebagai fase
baseline. Setelah pengukuran baseline, subjek mendapat perlakuan berupa COMPIC
sebanyak dua puluh lima kali. Dalam melakukan intervensi waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk
setiap sesi adalah 60 menit.
A B A
Baseline Perlakuan/ Paska
Treatment Perlakuan
Selama pemberian perlakuan, perilaku subjek akan diamati dan diukur dengan
rating scale kemampuan komunikasi. Demikian juga pada paska perlakuan dan evaluasi,
dilakukan pengukuran kemampuan komunikasi subjek menggunakan rating scale yang
sama. Evaluasi dilakukan dua minggu setelah pengukuran paska perlakuan.
HASIL PENELITIAN
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