‘and rotting tail r es from which all ving creatur rues on earth venous forces of nature auch, 02 chaneiNE sn toning ater and wind act oration ig wna wind ae TO8 fear ang wit he ee that take pace in the 20 tio of sod. Thus sol tse rolved over millions of years, Feo These fo changes conganic cultural practices, overgrazing restatio eadiseal eae Improved agricultural ; : nices, reduced pressure of grazing and afforestation Sail-ase deised ‘oun parent cock material through s.pmacess of bisakup or wear and tear, Decomposed wegetal-andanimel remains, called humus, is an_ “nporiant constituent of soil and adds to the fertility. the soll Besides humus, silica, clay and sand are € other constituents of soil Total Geography - x nrg Orgoncinng sufficient depth grow their roots as pe Ya I¢ is rich in nutrients and potassium, that plant nourishment @ It conta structure of soil. ns organic matter that Soil fertility can be improved by nutrients in the form of fertilizers addin ae 0 the dimentary Soll seh axe formed ‘inst, that's, they are hens original position by the breaking up of se co They have a well defined soil profile. Thess 1 ‘ oil: These soils are gg that anspor by vasious agmts ae consist of sediments caried and depen and_winds. Hence they do not hae 2 a sol profile, Alluvial soils are transported ue SOI India is a vast region with varie: d natural enviro We find se om vveral physiographic regions and dif,‘predominant in ore ampact, eas compact sre pact een of S00 metre fon, The Khadar is the soil P Gof newer de They are They ave found UP uring ae (hbk oa ers ma ace re Oe ‘eoeore enrient in ior Sipe nen a feral soil as 338 i, alumina, P * pitrogen and near iostes he ee si . 2 fis viainaictl ae i nn of Ig pura) Low 2 (9 im the deer areas, 1 OF atkaline de up of sacyos a 0008 SOR TO Eee cup. i) 4 levels is mas ar is younee® Jains: fers every year ‘Khas new lay | anges is abOve the flood jevels of rivers: and» ee a terrace ike structure: A presents |, Bhanga is full xankars (ime “seis formed of ne ST ana clay odules) + Khadar is Very cultivation: ahie and ideal not very fertile > Bhangar iSro Soil Distribution erefore, suv sols ight and porous and the ‘ila. I's suitable for the growth of a large 2 rabi and kharif crops. It is fertile and ation of ice, wheat, sugarcane, tobacco, gram and oilseeds, In the lower Brahmaputra Valley it is useful for jute, soil is black in Colour and is also known as the Flack Cotton Soil or Regur soil. It is dark in colour and_is_suitable for cotton the residual soil, ie., it is origin over the underlying the denudation of volcanic ‘as lava soil ‘The Regur soils are concentrated over tract which include parts of M Pradesh, Gujarat,,Andhra Pradesh, } some parts of Tamil Nadu.ees o extends nor Coast of Maharashtra. Sect tp Oe Jeason it has moist ure stored efor ary farming, aq wy of soil which develops on old catetyyaer provoneed wenthering 17 Unetine and metamorphic rocks form this soil basis of Tateau break up 10 “Pim place to place on the gad climatic, capaitions faut ad, ee Eset: Se roe second largest soil ETOUP. TT {nt gmainly on the, platen 258 ound en Tamil_Nady in the 20n0? dint fh and Rajmanal Hills ond Hy in the west.-Red ool Cre pote of Tamil Nadu ‘Kamataka, Andhsa eastern jaharashtra, parts of Odishay Jharkhand, ‘Bundelkhand, Meghalay®, Jha elangana and Nagalang Scattered ‘oil are als0 found in Barbbum_ (West neapar, Jhanal, Bands Hamirpur (Ur daipur, ChittorgarD: ‘Dungarpur, Bansward aPijietricts (Rajasthan) It practicall rthwa jong the Konkan opr ee" ¢, th Thais soil *9Pe 18 treathering of rocks red temperature with all It is the resid formed # Tunder conditions tropical rains. ping called desitication wy rains, pone care left behind. Hh by bacteria that su ‘There are two types of Laterites ana Lowland Loteries Upland vatcrened over hls and Plans From th are (Omaported by abreasns LOWMAN jan ore Jeported soils are enown 0° Lowland L taterite Toterite soil mainly occurs © the Peninsular Platest, oil Resources the highland areas of opecially on the SLES thse Saya, Basis Shas, By ‘ = :Tapioca cashewnute With manure Fee, sugars either thm pollution like dump water bodies as wel human activity, soils: drought or floods. OL, EROSION BY Sheet Erosion: It son gentle skp and is the slow ren eee a aa Laver of sail we gem Sane valleys below ie atest il and Oat nd deposition soil devoid Wind roveurs whet {‘o.smm in size Od those greater than mag known 08 saltation nrc paracies less than O-1 and the ‘particles detach int croeroems, oF subsequently a8 depositics e ghe productive capacity of < Fequired by the plants nd fof the nutrie are carried away by the wi tndia’s deat cover eoantriea’ tobe wey SiNeTSA oy the soil down. 1 ‘ence of vegetation cove absorbent topsoil on the landscape. In the third nan off during heavy rains may soves causing Gully Erosion. fas (the Shiwaliks), subj s also F of vegetation way lines, by man. These area’ ains. The removalPloushing slong ee ioling % ca aos swith ovina and some ‘South-east Asian ws ce IRE ie cae OE cio ty 9 nA ae acgm of Oa soi onion ae a ae Fe cnecand wheat are altern nd ge Te CP Oh by water or soning, Te op Sh yee ad a - ome ee rn ale pete fod en = ir etn ope ee 0 he a rope away by wat Pre fe con Dane So ae Fale, eres. of Dane, ee Be rca Den Pen —— a nN erosion of Soi ened away +0 cont ed with shat more ae 6 apie Oe ae i ride to soil erosion wajons oF SOIL EROSION, i mice ol cronon it OE of ithe great enemics ian for low agricultural sure responsible iy. According t0 80 vy Y producer alone washes out 1/5¢™ thick fertile saingmong the states, Rajasthan OOP on the peer te sol eroded regions, follows od te paraattre, Uttar Pradesh, Gulern: jiainea Pradesh and Karnataka. The worst affected areas include: {) the bedlands of the Chambal and Yamuna rivers; western Himalayas; product strip Cropping (i the piedmont zone of thevo oti, Nase «Fp WANN BHATT SP tris wl formed. actvantare ©! sail son fatowing ye more fete than the couse ati argaty found an the Deccan TAD rewion. on soil oF Ree a wopetiot soften refered £0 a8 CoH cits generally Aiea veores ago wed ial goiiResoutee® rr 0 wich one of tert > Why?