1. A.

Rene Descartes: I think therefore I am

This statement discusses how there are two dimensions of the self
according to Descartes. The first one would be the self as a thinking entity
and the second one would be the self as a physical entity. It also apprehends
the idea that there is a conscious self that is aware of what is happening and
a rational self that both exists in one body. The statement further highlights
the doubts of an existing body that may contribute to one self philosophy.

B. David Hume: There is no Self

According to David Hume, the existence of one self would not exist in
the practice of introspection. Introspection is the observation of one's self
where they become self-aware of their own emotions and mental capabilities.
This attributes on the idea that the self is a result of imagination and one self’s
characteristics.

C. Sigmund Freud: The Self is Multilayered

Sigmund Freud is a highly known neurologist but according to him the

self is multilayered. The first type is conscious which is the awareness of one
self in their inner and outer stimuli. Next is the preconsciousness which is the
thoughts that are in the mind of one person; it's more specific on the thoughts
one thinks during dreams. And lastly, the unconscious is out of the
awareness, this tackles anxieties, traumas, passion, and other thoughts that
affect one behaviour. These layers are attributed to examining one’s
psychological thoughts and behaviours that can help in understanding
oneself.

2.

Type of School Compare Contrast

1.Idealism It is the same on the others
since all are towards a more
theoretical approach on
acquiring knowledge.
The application of ideas that are
epistemic rather than materialistic. It
focuses on theoretical assumptions
that mostly use one’s mind on
gathering information.

2.Realism The comparison to it with the
other types since it is honed in
reality can be established to
understand what reality really
means on a more
psychological approach.
This is centred on the existence and
nature of an object. It is not
dependent on the thoughts of one
perceiving on a more independent
route of existence that is close to
reality.

3.Experientialism It is similar with the other types It revolves on the information that
 because it has the focal point
of change towards one self
which is relevant to the study of
different types. The new
knowledge and observation is
required on understanding
idealism, realism, and
existentialism of one self.
everything in the world is constantly
changing. Much like the idealism in
physical science. One would see it
also that it focuses on the
knowledge one would acquire with
the further changes that occur that
may also conduct goodness around
the community.

4.Existentialism The main similarity of this type
with the others is that all also
have the fundamental focus
towards existence. Since the
types may have subtypes
whether it is inside or outside
one’s brain the center of all of it
is existence as a whole
This is highly known and most likely
familiarised by one. It is the idea that
one self is highly responsible for
making their purpose and meaning
in their lives. The main thought is
that it makes someone critically
think about the reasons why they
have behaviours and actions in the
current state.

3. Philosophy is the love of wisdom, upon Greek translation but generally it is

the study of the foundations of nature and existence. It highly relates to the
subject of Understanding the Self because it is all about philosophy of one
self. It helps to undertake that this application of philosophy is highly
interesting because not only the information from known philosophers will be
given to students but also the idea that they would relate to these topics. This
makes it possible even thought the topics of philosophy maybe
 References:

Voler, H.I. (2018). 12 Philosophers of the “Self.”

Ian.https://volerhautian.wordpress.com/2018/08/31/12-philosophers-of-th

e-self/

Guyer, P., & Horstmann, R.-P. (2015). Idealism (Stanford Encyclopedia of

Philosophy). Stanford.edu. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/idealism/

Johnson, M. & Lakoff, G. (2011) Experientialist philosophy.

.https://georgelakoff.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/experientialist-philosop

hy-lakoff-and-johnson-1992.pdf

Miller, A. (2019). Realism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Stanford.edu.

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/realism/

The Ethics Centre (2021).What Is Existential. Ethics.org.au.

https://ethics.org.au/ethics-explainer-existentialism/#:~:text=Existentialis

m%20is%20the%20philosophical%20belief,governments%2C%20teache

rs%20or%20other%20authorities.

Walinga, J. (2014, October 17). 2.2 Psychodynamic Psychology.

Opentextbc.ca; BCcampus.

https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontopsychology/chapter/2-2-psychodynami

c-and-behavioural-psychology/
‌