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Tema 1 (Vectores - Sistemas de Fuerzas - CDG)
Tema 1 (Vectores - Sistemas de Fuerzas - CDG)
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Rx = Fx = 2 + 2 1 = 3 N R = 32 + 22 = 13 N
R = 3i + 2j
Ry = Fy = 2 + 2 2 = 2 N 2
tg = = 33.69º
3
Producto escalar a • b
1(.0,52,(,1)-5(,1(,172,01.,0(,1*,(*"5(,/5,0)*D
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b
a • b = a b cos
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b
b a•b = 0
a
a
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a
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a = a x i + a y j + a zk
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b = b x i + b y j + b zk
5
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Módulo a b = a b sen ( = menor ángulo formado por los vectores )
Dirección perpendicular al plano determinado por a y b ab a , b
Sentido el del pulgar de la mano derecha cuando los otros se doblan desde
el a hacia b por el camino más corto
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i siempre que los versores de los ejes elegidos verifiquen
x i j=k j k = i k i= j
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(b c ) a = (a • b) c (a • c ) b
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E
8
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i
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)$1)(%*$-*
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v1
v2
v2
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10 N
3
C
4
2
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B
E
D
4 2N ,21*)
3
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6N
C y
8N
2
10 N dm
x
6N B
E
15(2*2C
D
3
R x = FBx + FCx + FDx = 6 + 8 4 = 2 N
R y = FBy + FCy + FDy = 6 4 = 2 N
45
A F
4N
O
R = 2 i + 2 j (N)
4N
4 4
,)*2,01.2,C
M A = 10 +6·3 + 6·8 8·5 4·4 = 20 N·dm
M A = 20 k ( N·dm ) 2 2N
45
5$-**C A
20 N dm
12
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( )
(05$-*5*1$12)*(.5*2,D()$0.5*2,
R , MA
( )
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R , MB
PM R = vector constante
QM MB iR = cte
( ) ( )
),120$-*C MB iR = MA + BA R iR = MA iR + BA R iR = MA iR
vect.perpendic.
1$"*$
MB iR = cte /5(.0,:$-*(),)*2,*($0$-*
.0((1,*12*2.02,,1(,1.5*2,1C M iR = M R = cte
B
MB iR
RM Mmín M = = cte
R
'*20(5*1$12)72,01
,1 .5*2,1 ( 1.$, 01.2, (,1 5(1 ( ),)*2, 1 )%*$), 1 (() '
*20(
MA eje central
R
MB
MA R R
Mmin
MB
A Mmin ME= Mmin
B E
*('*20((05$-*(1$12)1(,)11*$((.,1$( (R , M u )
min R
,1 .5*2,1 ( ' *20( 1 *5*20* .(*2*, /5 ( : 1*
.0((1
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/5$7(*2)11*$((,(,C
M = 0 sistema nulo
R=0
M 0 par único
RiM = 0 vector único
R 0
RiM 0 vector y par
$12)72,01*5*.(*,
MA
v2 vi v1
A vn
R
MA R MA iR = 0 Mmí nR = 0
•$*,1OA1055*6*$,72,0*('*20(
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d 90 R
R0
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MA = d·R
R=0 A
M=MA
Y
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.(D P (x,y)
2N
y P1
A F X
x
AF=8 dm
M A = 20 N·dm
10 = y + x
M A = 2y + 2x
x=8y=2 P1 ( 8, 2 ) 0%/5.($05*50; R
y=5x=5 P2 ( 5, 5 ) *5*,1,1,1.5*2,1
15
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v1 = m1u , v 2 = m2u..... vectores paralelos al u
vn
vi
u
R = miu = ( m ) u 0
i
O i =
( )
MO = OPi miu = mi OPi u
Pi
v1
v2
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"5(*,(9.01$-*,2*$*21.01(("C
( m OP ) ( m ) OC u = 0
z
C i i i
O
$*, ( ,0#2 8 1 * 5* .5*2, ( '
x y
*20(A$*.*$*2($0$-*().,
R
OC =
m OP i i
=Centro de Vectores
m i
C C
(
(
R R R
16
• $53($;),15*1$12)'19:;*C
( ) (
OC = x C yC z C ;OPi = x i yi ziC )
xC =
m x i i
; yC =
m y i i
zC =
m z i i
m i m i m i
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mi
k
ri
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rG = = = = rc.d.m.
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m1
m1r1 + m2 r2 + ....... + mn rn mi ri
mi
(xi, yi, zi) rG = =
m2 m1 + m2 + ...... + mn mi
z
ri mn
O ,,0*1C
y
mi x i miyi mizi
x xG = yG = zG =
mi mi mi
$2$&(
m i dm ri r
r dm
rG = sólido
; msólido = dm
dm (x, y, z) dm sólido
sólido
z
r
O y x dm y dm z dm
xG = sólido
yG = sólido
zG = sólido
$(50.,3*;$$A()1,5.5*7,(5)* dm= dV
18
$ ( 1-($, 1 ( ! 6: $$7A 15 )1 ,5. 5* 0D )1 1
dm= dA
.0,.,0$,*((0/5,5.1$*,
: densidad de masa por unidad de área kg / m2 ( )
dm (x, y, z)
z dA
x dm x dA x dA
r xG = sólido
= sólido
== sólido
O
msólido dA si =cte
dA
y sólido sólido
$(1-($,1($LG()0HM15)1,5.5*(,*"$25()$1),D
*121, dm= dl
dm
x dl x dl x dl
z
dl xG = sólido
= sólido
== sólido
r msólido dl si =cte
dl
sólido sólido
O y
x
L*(,")*2.0::;M
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y dA y dA
triáng triáng
h-y yG = =
dA dA 1
bh
h triáng 2
dy
l (y) ,)),1,),(20,;,1,)0,C
y
b
dA = l ( y ) dy = ( h y ) dy
b h
l(y) b b
,*#),12*$,*5*2/5C = l(y) = (h y)
(h y) h h
2 b h 1 1
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bh h 3 3
19
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(0#('A#0%,20,$*3,()$1)$12*$(,20,(,D
y
dm dm
Su contribución al numerador de la x Gsería :
-x dm+x dm=0 G en el eje y
-x +x
-
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=
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1 2 1 2
Área = r Área= r
4 2
4r G
3 G
4r
4r 3
3
0$*"5(,C 502,$05*0*$0$,0
1
Área= b·h
2 1
h
Longitud = 2r
4
G
2r
G
h/3
2r
b/3
b
22
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y
•%#(#"*0,*,
=
h
xG
G
b = =
•(#%$"*0)$10
radio r
=
xG
G
= =
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7
((0(DD"D(.(( "50 4
3
O x
cotas en dm
y y
G2 3
6 y
4 2
G1 5
4
G3
O 4/
O 4 O 3 3
A1= 24 dm2
A2= 9 dm2 A3= 4.5 dm2
G1 (3 , 2)
G2 (4 , 5) G3 (3 , 4/)
+ +
= =
+
+
=
+
=
( )
+
+
+
23
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1055*0".,05*$(,*"$25*5*1-($,D
"5
0"1$120$5$1
dF=f(x) dx=dA
dF
f (x) =
dx
O X O X
x
C(,*"$25(7$"
dx
dF
L9M(0".,05*$(,*"$25/526(,(0",(7$"C f(x) = (N/m)
dx
,05*20,;,(,*"$259A265*50;UL9M9UD
G (c.d.g. rea)
MO = xRR = x dF = 0 xf(x)dx = x dA
L
L
0 xf(x)dx x dA O
xR = = = x G (del cdg del área)
R A xR=xG
24
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333$3
0,).,*0$120$5$,*1.03070$1,*,$1A11$"5*(10"(1,).,1$$-*
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4N/m
9N
15 N
(3 N/m)
6N
1 N/m (1 N/m)
3 3.6
A A A
6m 4
25