1350X Rose FourViews EndTimes

[ Views on Jesus’ Second Coming ]
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The End Times Intrigue
For 2,000 years people have wondered about the events of the end times and when [ Chur
Jesus will return. Terms such as millennium, tribulation, 666, and antichrist are used Jesus C
in the media and the supermarket tabloids, but questions remain: [ Esch
t Will Jesus return physically and reign on earth for 1,000 years? comin
t Will Christians go through a seven-year tribulation? final th
t Will the second coming of Christ occur at the same time that believers meet Christ [ First
in the air (the rapture)?
[ Mille
t Will Christians be raptured (removed from this earth) and other people “left behind”?
Revela
t What does the nation of Israel have to do with the end times?
There are four different views of end-times events, but all share some key points: t1S
t Jesus will come again for those who love him. be
t Jesus calls his followers to be ready all the time. Jesus said, “No one knows about t"N
that day or hour, not even the t1P
t No one knows the day or the hour.
angels in heaven, nor the Son, but at
only the Father.” —Matthew 24:36 [ Prete
What JESUS Taught about the End biblica
“Because of the increase of
Jesus promised his disciples that he would come wickedness, the love of most will centur
again. Before his return there would be: grow cold, but he who stands firm the tri
to the end will be saved.”  70
“Birth Pains” (Events before the “signs” of the end)
t Many will claim to be the Messiah. —Matthew 24:12–13 [ Rapt
t People will be deceived by these messiahs. his peo
t 8BST GBNJOF FBSUIRVBLFT QFTUJMFODF comin
t Believers in Christ persecuted and killed. What PAUL Taught about the End and th
t Believers will be witnesses of Jesus to kings. and po
1] The Lord will descend.
t Many will turn away from the faith. in 1 Th
t Betrayals by parents, brothers, and friends. 2] The dead in Christ will rise first.
t Increase in wickedness.
[ Seco
3] The living will be caught up with them in the clouds
t Fearful events and signs from heaven. to meet the Lord and be with him forever. [ Tribu
The Signs of the End 4] Don’t believe those who say the Day of the Lord has faithfu
already come. tPrem
t Jerusalem surrounded by armies.
t The “abomination of desolation.” 5] The Day of the Lord will be preceded by:
tDisp
t Great tribulation like never before. tRebellion seve
t Jerusalem will be trampled on by Gentiles. tThe revelation of the man of lawlessness who will:
t False prophets perform signs, miracles. tOppose and exalt himself over God tMan
t Sun darkens, moon doesn’t shine, stars fall. tSet himself up in God’s temple com
t Severe ocean activity disturbs the nations. tProclaim to be God tMos
t People will faint with terror. tBe revealed when the one holding him back is
t Jesus will appear in the sky. taken out of the way cala
t The trumpet will sound. tBe accompanied by satanic, counterfeit miracles Some
t "OHFMTXJMMHBUIFS(PETFMFDU tDeceive those who do not love the truth
tribula
(Matthew 24–25; Mark 13; Luke 21) 6] When Jesus comes, the man of lawlessness will be ended
overthrown and destroyed.
(1 Thessalonians 4:17; 2 Thessalonians 2)
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Title: Four Views of the End Times Product Code: 350X ISBN-13: 9781596360891
Important Words to Know
[ Church age ] The time period from the beginning of the church (about  30) until
Jesus Christ returns for everyone who has trusted in him, as promised in John 14.
[ Eschatology ] Study of the Bible’s teachings about the events leading up to the second
coming of Jesus (from Greek, eschatos [final] + logos [word or idea] = “a word about the
final things”).
[ First coming of Christ ] The earthly life and ministry of Jesus Christ, about 4 – 30.
[ Millennium ] The thousand-year reign of Jesus on earth, described in
?
Revelation 20:4–6 (from Latin, mille, thousand).
t1SFNJMMFOOJBM The belief that the millennium is a future event and Jesus will return
before (pre-) the millennium.
ut t"NJMMFOOJBM The millennium is a symbol of Christ’s present reign among his people.
t1PTUNJMMFOOJBMJesus will return after (post-) the millennium. The millennium is
but a time in which most of the world submits to Jesus, and peace and justice reign.
6 [ Preterism ] Preterism is the eschatological viewpoint that suggests some, if not all,
biblical prophecies about the end times refer to specific events that happened in the first
will century. Some preterist interpretations include: the antichrist refers to Emperor Nero;
firm the tribulation refers to the Jewish War; and the Destruction of the temple occurred in
 70 (from Latin, praeter, beyond or after).
2–13 [ Rapture ] Event described in 1 Thessalonians 4:15–17, when Jesus Christ returns for
his people. Dispensational premillennialists believe that the rapture and the second
coming of Jesus are two separate events. They place the rapture before the great tribulation
and the second coming after the tribulation. Historical premillennialists, amillennialists,
and postmillennialists understand the second coming of Jesus and the event described
in 1 Thessalonians 4:15–17 as the same event (from Latin, raptus, carry away).
[ Second coming of Christ ] The bodily return of Jesus to earth to reign as king.
louds
[ Tribulation, Great ] Time when disasters happen on the earth and people who are
d has faithful to Jesus suffer intense persecution, possibly lasting seven years (Revelation 7:14).
tPremillennialists place the great tribulation near the end.
tDispensational premillennialists typically believe that the tribulation will last exactly
seven years.
will:
tMany historical premillennialists view the reference to “seven years” as a symbol of the
completeness of God’s dealings with the world as the end of time approaches.
tMost amillennialists and postmillennialists treat the tribulation as a symbol of
is
calamities and persecutions that have occurred throughout church history.
acles Some amillennialists and postmillennialists are preterists—they believe that the great
tribulation occurred between  63 and 70, during the Jewish-Roman conflict that
l be ended with the destruction of the Jewish temple.
[Dispensational Premillennialism]
[ What is dispensational premillennialism? ]
Dispensational premillennialism is the belief that Jesus will come back
to earth after a seven-year tribulation and will rule during a thousand-
year millennium of peace on earth (see “Important Words to Know” for
definitions).
In addition, God will still give to the nation of Israel the land described
in Genesis 15:18 (from the river of Egypt to the river Euphrates—the
full extent of King Solomon’s kingdom).
Most dispensational premillennialists are “pre-tribulationists”; they
e. understand Revelation 4:1–2 to refer to the rapture. The rapture is
understood as the event when Christ removes Christians from the
earth before the great tribulation begins.
Some dispensational premillennialists, known as mid-tribulationists,
believe the rapture will occur during the great tribulation.
[ What do dispensational premillennialists emphasize? ]
Dispensational premillennialists believe the rapture and the second
coming of Jesus are two separate events. The rapture comes before the
great tribulation, and the second coming occurs after it. During the
n seven years of tribulation, natural disasters and wars will occur on
earth, and people who are faithful to Jesus will suffer intense
persecution. Dispensational premillennialists emphasize literal
interpretations of Revelation.
[ According to dispensational premillennialists . . . ]
t%VSJOHUIFHSFBUUSJCVMBUJPO NBOZ+FXTXJMMUVSOUP+FTVT$ISJTU
t(PETQSPNJTFTUP"CSBIBNBOEIJTPGGTQSJOHXFSFVODPOEJUJPOBM
therefore, the Jews will still receive the land described in Genesis 15:18.
The establishment of the modern state of Israel in 1948 fulfilled a key
end-times prophecy.
e
t"MMSFGFSFODFTUP*TSBFMJO3FWFMBUJPO
refer to the nation of Israel.
God’s
[ What Scriptures seem to Tim LaHaye wrote that there are
support dispensational “two keys to understanding the
premillennialism? ] prophetic Word of God. First, one
t(PEXJMMSFNPWF$ISJTUJBOTCFGPSF must interpret the Bible literally
the outpouring of his wrath during unless the context provides good
the tribulation (1 Thessalonians 5:9; reason to do otherwise. Second,
Revelation 3:10). we must understand that Israel
and the church are distinct! If a
t(PETQSPNJTFTUP"CSBIBNBOEIJT
person fails to acknowledge these
offspring were unconditional
two facts of Scripture, all
(Genesis 15:7–21).
discussion and argument is
t5IFDIVSDIJTOPUTQFDJGJDBMMZ fruitless. The issue is not so much
mentioned between Revelation 4 prophecy as it is one’s view of
and 19. Scripture and the church.”
[ When has dispensational
premillennialism been popular? ]
This view emerged in the 1800s among the Plymouth Brethren (group
of fundamentalist Bible Churches founded in the 1820s).
Dispensational premillennialism increased in popularity in the late
1800s and remains widespread today.
[ Prominent dispensational premillennialists include: ]
+/FMTPO%BSCZ $*4DPGJFME )BSSZ"*SPOTJEF (MFBTPO"SDIFS
%POBME(#BSOIPVTF )BM-JOETFZ $IVDL4NJUI +PIO.BD"SUIVS
Charles Ryrie, Charles Stanley, Norman L. Geisler, and Tim LaHaye.
Final
Judgment
Second Coming
of Christ ETERNITY
Rapture
God’s Work with Israel God’s Work with the Church Great Tribulation Millennium
Pre-tribulation or Mid-tribulation
[Historical Premillennialism]
[ What is historical premillennialism? ]
Historical premillennialism is the belief that Christians will remain on
the earth during the great tribulation. The tribulation will purify the
churches by rooting out false believers, and the second coming of Christ
will precede the millennium. Historical premillennialism believes that
the church has replaced the nation of Israel as God’s covenant people.
"MTPLOPXOBTiDPWFOBOUQSFNJMMFOOJBMJTN wIJTUPSJDQSFNJMMFOOJBMJTN
treats a thousand-year millennium as a literal future event.
The earliest church fathers envisioned an earthly millennium. During
these first centuries of Christian faith, the church’s theologians
anticipated not only the physical reign of Jesus Christ following a time
of testing but also the restoration of all creation to its original goodness
in a millennial kingdom.
Historical premillennialism began to fade as later church fathers—
influenced by Greek philosophy that viewed the physical world as evil
and by the aftermath of some Christians’ false expectations of a physical
millennium—downplayed the idea of an earthly millennium.
[ What do historical premillennialists emphasize? ]
Historical premillennialists try to balance symbolic and literal
interpretations of Revelation, emphasizing both what the book meant
to first-century readers and how it might apply to people’s lives today.
[ According to historical premillennialists . . . ]
t(PETQSPNJTFTPGMBOEBOECMFTTJOHTUP"CSBIBNBOEIJTPGGTQSJOH
were conditional promises, based on their obedience. Israel’s persistent
disobedience violated God’s covenant with them.
t(PEIBTNBJOUBJOFEBDPWFOBOUPGHSBDFUISPVHIPVUUIF0MEBOE/FX
Testaments with all who trusted in him. These believers—embodied
today in the church—are the true Israel (see Romans 9:6–8;
Galatians 6:16).
NITY t.PTUSFGFSFODFTUPi*TSBFMwJO3FWFMBUJPOSFGFSTZNCPMJDBMMZUP
the church.
[ What Scriptures seem to support historical premillennialism? ]
t5IFSFWFBMJOHPGUIF"OUJDISJTUQSFDFEFT
Christ’s return (2 Thessalonians 2:3–4). [ The Apostle John & the End Times ]
t5IFUSJCVMBUJPOXJMMSPPUPVUGBMTF Papias of Hierapolis described the

members from the churches millennial kingdom in this way,
(Revelation 2:22–23). claiming that his words came from the
apostle John himself: “The days will
t5IFTBJOUTBSFPOFBSUIEVSJOHUIF come in which vines will grow, each
tribulation (Revelation 13:7). having ten thousand branches, and in
t(PETQSPNJTFTUP"CSBIBNBOEIJT each branch ten thousand twigs, and in
offspring were conditional (Genesis 22:18; each true twig ten thousand shoots,
1 Chronicles 33:8; Isaiah 1:19–20; and in each one of the shoots ten
Jeremiah 7:6–7). thousand clusters, and on every one of
t5IF/FX5FTUBNFOUGSFRVFOUMZVTFT the clusters ten thousand grapes.…
“Israel” and “the twelve tribes” to refer to When any of the saints shall lay hold of
Christians (Matthew 19:28–29; a cluster, another shall cry out, ‘I am a
Romans 9:6–8). better cluster, take me; bless the Lord
through me!’”1
[ When has historical
premillennialism been popular?
Historic premillennialism seems to have been the earliest view of the end
times among Christians who lived just after the apostles.
[ Prominent historical premillennialists include: ]
Many early church fathers—including Lactantius (240–320), Irenaeus (130–
200), Justin Martyr (100–165), and probably Papias (60–130), a disciple of the
apostle John—embraced historical premillennialism.
Modern supporters include scholars such as David Dockery, John Warwick
Montgomery, George R. Beasley-Murray, Robert Gundry, and George E. Ladd.
Second Coming
of Christ ETERNITY
All
be
Au
Th
The Church Age Great Tribulation Millennium (IS
Society grows increasingly evil
[ Amillennialism ]
[ What is amillennialism? ]
In amillennialism, the millennium is the spiritual reign of Jesus in the
hearts of his followers. The “first resurrection” in Revelation 20:5 is not
a physical restoration from the dead; it is the spiritual resurrection that
is also known as regeneration.
Christ’s triumph over Satan through his death and resurrection in
 30 restrained the power of Satan on the earth (Revelation 20:1–3).
Persecution of Christians (tribulation) will occur until Jesus comes
again, as will the expansion of God’s kingdom (the millennium).
When Christ returns, he will immediately defeat the powers of evil,
resurrect the saved and the unsaved, judge them, and deliver them to
their eternal destinies.
[ What do amillennialists emphasize? ]
Many amillennialists believe that the book of Revelation consists
of seven sections. Instead of dealing with successive time-periods,
these seven sections use apocalyptic language to describe the entire
time from Jesus’ first coming until his second coming in seven
different ways.
"NJMMFOOJBMJTUTUFOEUPFNQIBTJ[FUIFIJTUPSJDBMDPOUFYUPG3FWFMBUJPO
and what the book meant to first-century readers.
[ According to amillennialists . . . ]
t5IFHSFBUUSJCVMBUJPOSFQSFTFOUTEJTBTUFST XBST BOEQFSTFDVUJPOT
that have occurred throughout church history.
t.PTUSFGFSFODFTUPi*TSBFMwJO3FWFMBUJPOBSFTZNCPMJDSFGFSFODFT
to the people of God on earth (compare Romans 9:6–8 and
Galatians 6:16).
t*OBQPDBMZQUJDMJUFSBUVSF OVNCFST
represent concepts, not literal Augustine of Hippo wrote in The
City of God, “During the thousand
years when the devil is bound, the
saints also reign for a thousand
years. Without any doubt, these
two time-periods are identical and
point to the time between the first Satan
and second coming of Christ.”2 power
restraine
statistics. For example, six symbolizes incompleteness, seven represents
completeness, ten indicates something that is extreme but limited,
twelve represents the perfection of God’s people, and 1,000 symbolizes
a great amount or long period of time.
[ What Scriptures seem to support amillennialism? ]
t5IF#JCMFGSFRVFOUMZVTFTUIFOVNCFS GJHVSBUJWFMZ 1TBMN
90:4; 105:8; 2 Peter 3:8).
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resurrection (the regeneration or new birth) of persons who trust
Christ (Romans 11:13–15; Ephesians 2:1–4).
t5IFTFDPOEDPNJOHPG$ISJTUBOEUIFSFTVSSFDUJPOPGUIFTBWFEBOE
the unsaved will occur at the same time (Daniel 12:2–3; John 5:28–29).
t5IFTBJOUTBSFPOFBSUIEVSJOHUIFUSJCVMBUJPO 3FWFMBUJPO

[ When has amillennialism been popular? ]
"NJMMFOOJBMJTNCFDBNFQPQVMBSJOUIFGJGUIDFOUVSZ"NJMMFOOJBMJTN
has remained widespread throughout church history.
[ Prominent amillennialists include: ]
The Protestant reformers Martin Luther and John Calvin as well as
FWBOHFMJDBMUIFPMPHJBOTTVDIBT&:.VMMJOT "CSBIBN,VZQFS ($
Berkouwer, Herschel Hobbs, Stanley Grenz, and J. I. Packer. Many
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Hippo (354–430) was the first amillennialist.
e Millennium ETERNITY
d The Church Age Second Coming

Satan’s of Christ & Final
t
power is Judgment
restrained Tribulation
[ Postmillennialism ]
[ What is postmillennialism? ]
Postmillennialism is the belief that the second coming of Christ will
occur after the millennium. The millennial reign described in
Revelation 20:1–6 represents a long time period when, through the
preaching of the gospel, most of the world will submit to Jesus Christ.
During this time, Satan will have no power over the earth, and evil
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tribulation may precede the millennium. Some charismatic Christians
embrace dominion postmillennialism. This teaches that through the
contemporary charismatic movement God has been binding Satan.
When the church recognizes the fullness of its power through the Holy
Spirit, the church will establish God’s kingdom on earth and usher in
the millennium, a golden age.
[What do postmillennialists emphasize? ]
Postmillennialists place great confidence in the preaching of the gospel;
they contend that the gospel will eventually spread in such a way that
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DJUFEJOGBWPSPGUIJTWJFXJT.BSL"VHVTUJOFVOEFSTUPPEUIJTWFSTF
to mean that before Jesus can claim his kingdom, those that are lost (the
“possessions” of Satan, “the strong man”) must come under the control
of Jesus. Postmillennialists believe that this golden age is described in
such Scriptures as Psalm 2:8, Isaiah 2:2–4, Jeremiah 31:34, Daniel 2:35,
and Micah 4:1–4. Postmillennialists tend to emphasize the power of the
gospel to transform societies and individual lives.
[ According to postmillennialists… ]
t%VSJOHUIFNJMMFOOJVN $ISJTUXJMMSVMFUIFFBSUIUISPVHIIJT4QJSJU
and through his church. He will not, however, be physically present on
the earth.
t 5IFSFTVSSFDUJPOEFQJDUFEJO3FWFMBUJPOSFQSFTFOUTUIFTQJSJUVBM
regeneration of people who trust Jesus Christ.
NITY t 5IFTFDPOEDPNJOHPG$ISJTU UIFGJOBMDPOGMJDUCFUXFFOHPPEBOE
evil, the defeat of Satan, the physical resurrection of all people, and the
final judgment will occur together, immediately after the millennium
Coming (Revelation 20:7–15).
& Final
ment
[ Which Scriptures seem to Loraine Boettner described
support postmillennialism? ] postmillennialism as “that view of T
the last things which holds that the d
t&WFSZFUIOJDHSPVQXJMMSFDFJWFUIF w
kingdom of God is now being se
gospel before the second coming extended in the world through the It
(Matthew 24:14; Mark 13:10). preaching of the gospel and the p
t 5IFGJSTUSFTVSSFDUJPO 3FWFMBUJPO saving work of the Holy Spirit in the c
a
20:4) could refer to the spiritual hearts of individuals, that the world
resurrection (the regeneration or new is eventually to be Christianized, [
birth) of persons who trust Christ and that the return of Christ is to 6
(Romans 11:13–15; Ephesians 2:1–4). occur at the end of a long period of R
t 5IFTFDPOEDPNJOHPG$ISJTUBOEUIF righteousness and peace, commonly G

called ‘the Millennium.’” 3 o
resurrection of all people, saved and th
unsaved, will occur at the same time u
(Daniel 12:2–3; John 5:28–29). F
re
[ When has postmillennialism been popular? ]
M
The earliest writer who was clearly postmillennialist was Joachim of Fiore th
(1135–1202), although many historians believe that earlier church leaders w
TVDIBT&VTFCJVTPG$BFTBSFB "UIBOBTJVTPG"MFYBOESJB BOE"VHVTUJOFPG n
Hippo were also postmillennialists. e
C
During the 1800s, postmillennialism increased in popularity. Some
P
Christians even believed that the increased work of missionaries re
throughout the world represented the beginning of the millennium. 6
im
During the early 1900s, a world war and an economic depression raised
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g
becoming a better place, and postmillennialism diminished in popularity.
[ Prominent postmillennialists include: ]
Famous preacher Jonathan Edwards as well as theologians such as B.B.
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Boettner, and R.C. Sproul.
ETERNITY
Some postmillennialists view the tribulation as a brief
time of persecution that occurs immediately before the
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that “great tribulation” describes the seven years of the
First Jewish-Roman War, which culminated in  70 Second Coming
with the destruction of the Jewish temple. of Christ & Final
Judgment
The Church Age Tribulation Millennium
Society gradually improves
[ The Book of Revelation ]
The Book of Revelation was written by Jesus’ Some believe that these persons are literally
disciple, the apostle John, and tells of a vision he 144,000 Jewish persons—12,000 from each tribe—
was given from the Lord. The book addressed who embrace Jesus Christ as their Lord
seven churches in Asia Minor (Turkey today). (Revelation 7:4–9).
It encouraged believers who were experiencing
0UIFSTTVHHFTUUIBUIsrael and twelve tribes often
persecution. Revelation illustrates that God is in
refer to Christians (Romans 9:6–8; Galatians 6:16;
e control and that all people were created to love
James 1:1). Therefore, the number would point to
and worship God their creator.
d God’s people (symbolized by twelve tribes, twelve
[ Terms in the Book of Revelation ] apostles, or both) multiplied by 1,000 (a number
666 Number of the beast, spelled out in that symbolizes an extreme multitude or length of
Revelation 13:18 as six hundred sixty-six. time)—in other words, the full number of those
that belong to God.
y Greek and Hebrew didn’t have a written system
of numbers. Instead, they would either spell out Abomination of desolation "OFWFOUUIBU
the number, or they would write out the number desecrates the temple in Jerusalem and is a signal
using the letters in the alphabet. to Jesus’ followers that soon Jerusalem will be
ruined. Mentioned in Matthew 24:15, it may
For example, the first letter of the alphabet might refer to the destruction of the temple in  70
represent the number one, and so on. by the Romans, or Roman plans to set up a statue
Many scholars have pointed out that, in Hebrew, of the emperor in the temple in  40, or some
the number of Caesar Nero’s name can be 666 if future event.
written using “Neron,” the Latin spelling of the Antichrist (from Greek, antichristos, in place
name. (Nero reigned  54–68. He was the first PG$ISJTU
"OZPOFXIPEFOJFTXIBUUIFBQPTUMFT
emperor to engage in specific persecution of taught about Jesus Christ (1 John 2:18–22; 4:3;
Christians.) 2 John 1:7). Specifically, the antichrist is a Satanic
Perhaps the best approach to the number is to counterfeit of Jesus Christ, described as “lawless”
remember that six is a symbol of incompletion; and as a “beast” (2 Thessalonians 2:3–8;
666 would, therefore, indicate complete Revelation 13:1–18; 17:3–17). The antichrist
imperfection. could be a specific person who rises to power
during a time of tribulation, or a symbol of false
144,000 Group of believers who endure the teachers and leaders who will arise when the
great tribulation (Revelation 7:14). end of the age draws near.
Apocalyptic literature (from Greek,
apokalypsis, revealing) Jewish genre of writing,
structured around visions that figuratively
pointed to hidden truths for the purpose of
assuring God’s people of the goodness of God’s
plans during periods of persecution.
TY Armageddon (from Hebrew, Har-Megiddon,

Mount Megiddo) The city of Megiddo was located
between the Plain of Jezreel and Israel’s western
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ming fought decisive battles near Megiddo—largely
Final because the area around Megiddo is broad and flat.
nt So the valley of Megiddo became the symbol of a
point of decisive conflict.
Some believe that a literal battle will occur near religion in any time period that focuses worshipers
.FHJEEPOFBSUIFFOEPGUJNF0UIFSTWJFXUIF on anything other than Jesus Christ.
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Final judgment The event described in
ultimate conflict between spiritual forces of
Revelation 20:11–15, when God resurrects all
good and evil.
people, judges them from the great white throne,
Babylon In the book of Revelation, the name and delivers them to their eternal destinies.
“Babylon” is symbolic, yet interpretations vary:
Mark of the beast Indication of a person’s
1. Jerusalem: Jewish persons assisted the allegiance to the teachings of the antichrist
Romans in their persecution of Christians after (Revelation 13:16–17). The people of God receive
 64. The fall of Babylon in Revelation 18 could a similar mark, indicating their allegiance to Jesus
be a symbolic reference to the fall of Jerusalem (Revelation 7:3; 9:4; 14:1; 22:4). Some biblical
in  70. students believe that the mark of the beast will be
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2. Rome:"GUFS 70, Jewish writers often
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referred to Rome as “Babylon.”4 Babylon may
Jews were forced to be branded with the symbol
symbolize the political and religious powers in
of the god Dionysius.6
0UIFSJOUFSQSFUFSTPG
every age that attempt to defy God and to
Revelation understand the mark as a reference
persecute his people.
to someone’s actions (“hand”) and beliefs
3. One-world government and church: (“forehead”). Hand and forehead seem to carry
“Babylon” may be a reference to a one-world this symbolic meaning in Exodus 13:9, 16.
government and one-world church that will
Witnesses, two Two beings described in
emerge near the end of time.
Revelation 11:1–14 who speak the truth about
Beasts, two Symbolic creatures described in God before being killed and then resurrected.
Revelation 11:7 and 13:1–18. (1) Some believe that these two witnesses are two
people who will appear during the tribulation,
The first beast: This creature rises from the sea OFBSUIFFOEPGUJNF
0UIFSTWJFXUIFNBTUXP
and has ten horns and seven heads. The seven biblical prophets—perhaps Moses and Elijah—
heads seem to point to Rome, the city known for that have been resurrected for the purpose of
its seven hills. Some interpreters understand this proclaiming God’s truth during the tribulation.
reference to Rome as a literal reference to a
0UIFSJOUFSQSFUFSTTFFUIFUXPXJUOFTTFTBT
power that will arise from Rome near the end of symbols of the Law and the Prophets—both of
time; others view it as a symbolic reference to the these testified about Jesus and yet, this testimony
powers in every age that defy God’s dominion was rejected, even to the point of killing those that
and persecute God’s people. The beast claims appealed to this testimony (for example, Stephen
blasphemous names for itself—much like JO"DUT
*GTP UIFiSFTVSSFDUJPOwPGUIFUXP
Domitian, emperor from  81 until 96, who witnesses would point to a time of final
demanded that he be addressed as “Lord and vindication, a point at which God demonstrates
(PEw0OFPGUIFIPSOTTFFNFEUPIBWFEJFECVU that the Law and Prophets did indeed testify
then returned to life—much like the false rumor about Jesus Christ.
that emerged after the death of Nero that he had
come back to life.5
The second beast: This creature rises from the 1
Papias, “Fragments” in The Ante-Nicene Fathers: Volume 1, IV:
earth with horns like a lamb and a voice like a
Retrieved 01 May 2006, http://www.ccel.org 2 "VHVTUJOFPG)JQQP
. dragon—in other words, a satanic parody of Jesus The City of God, 20:9. 3 L. Boettner, The Millennium (Nutley, NJ:
Christ, the Lamb of God. Some interpreters Presbyterian and Reformed, 1957) 14. 4 G.K. Beale, The Book of
understand this creature as a literal leader who Revelation (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1999) 19. 5 G.E. Ladd,
will encourage people to worship the first beast. A Commentary on the Revelation of John (Grand Rapids, MI:
0UIFSTWJFXUIFTFDPOECFBTUBTBTZNCPMPGBOZ Eerdmans, 1972) 178–179. 6 3 Maccabees 2:29.
[ ]
Dispensational Historical Amillennialism Postmillennialism
Premillennialism Premillennialism
Will Jesus return
physically? Yes Yes Yes Yes
When will Jesus After a 7-year After a 7-year Anytime; a detailed
tribulation; before the tribulation; before the time frame is not After the millennium.
return? millennium. millennium. important.
the
l No, they are events
Do the rapture and separated by either 7
h second coming of years (pre-tribulation
d in Christ occur at the rapture) or 31/2 years Yes Yes Yes
same time? (mid-tribulation
nd in rapture).
s, The tribulation is the
The tribulation occurs conflict between good
Will there be a great any time Christians
e of tribulation? Yes Yes are persecuted or wars
and evil since Jesus’
death and
and disasters occur. resurrection.
…
d of Christians are either Yes, Christians will Yes, Christians are
raptured before the Yes, Christians will go suffer and endure called to share the
ma Will Christians suffer tribulation (pre- through the tribulation persecution until gospel, and
rd during the tribulation rapture) or and endure suffering Jesus returns; tribulation will occur
tribulation? 31/2 years into the and persecution for persecution will when that gospel is
tribulation (mid- the cause of Christ. opposed.
tribulation rapture). increase in the end.
Will there be a literal Yes, after the 7-year Yes, after the No, the millennium No, the millennium
tribulation, Christ will tribulation, Christ will refers to the reign of refers to a period of
1,000-year
return and reign for return and reign for Christ in the hearts of peace when the gospel
millennium? 1,000 years. 1,000 years. his believers. reaches all people.
Who is saved? Christians only Christians only Christians only Christians only
Is the modern state of
Israel relevant to the Yes No No No
prophecies in Revelation?
Became popular The earliest view of the Popularized in AD May have been
When was this view about 1860. Has end times, emerging at 400. Continues to be popular as early as
most held? increased in the end of the first AD 300. Less popular
popularity. accepted today.
century. today.
© 2006, 2010 RW Research, Inc. Scripture taken from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW
TY 4733 Torrance Blvd., #259 INTERNATIONAL VERSION®.NIV®. © 1973, 1978,
1984 by International Bible Society. Used by
Torrance, CA 90503 U.S.A.
email: info@rose-publishing.com permission of Zondervan Publishing House.
www.rose-publishing.com All rights reserved.
All rights reserved. It is illegal to copy, transmit electronically, or reproduce this pamphlet in whole or in part in any form. May not
be posted or transmitted on the internet. Printed in the United States of America. 090310SCG
Author: Timothy Paul Jones, PhD
This information is also available as a PowerPoint® presentation (ISBN 9781596363014) with more than 120 frames, and as a DVD-based study
(ISBN 9781596364240) Also available: Understanding the Book of Revelation pamphlet ISBN 9781596362994
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[ Views on Jesus’ Second Coming ]

t5IFUSJCVMBUJPOXJMMSPPUPVUGBMTF Papias of Hierapolis described the

Society grows increasingly evil

d The Church Age Second Coming

t 5IFTFDPOEDPNJOHPG$ISJTUBOEUIF righteousness and peace, commonly G

Society gradually improves

TY Armageddon (from Hebrew, Har-Megiddon,

Bible Basics Popular Old Testament Topics

Whe to Find Your

The & Now

Any Rose Publishing item

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Any Rose Publishing item

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