Allele 等位基因

Homo-logous chromosome
相同的缘起
Dominant allele
Recessive allele

Hetero-zygote 杂合子
Homo-zygote 纯合子

Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs, one from each parent, that are similar in
length, and gene position.

Gene is the sequence bases in DNA that carry the information for poly peptide/protein/ the
sequence of amino acids.

Allele-A version of gene

Genes exist in alternative forms called alleles which give rise to differences in inherited
characteristics

Genome 基因组

Combination of allele
The genotype describes the allele each cell has for a certain feature.

Obeservable
Heterozygote have two different alleles for the same gene

Homozygote Individuals have two of same alleles.

Punnett square is a tool to predict how alleles combine during fertilization

If two alleles of a gene are both fully expressed in the same phenotype, they are called
codominant

Characteristic are controlled by two or more genes working together

Many different combinations and mixes
Examples: hair color eye color skin color

Sex determination 性别决定

Sex-linked recessive inheritance

Normal/carrier female

Genes found on the X chromosome: Hemophilia Color blindness

Males are more often affected than females because they inherit only one X chromosome

BIO
Expression of s gene mutation inpeople with cystic fibrosis impairs the functioning of gaseous
exchange, digestive and reproductive systems.
Cystic fibrosis is a recessive condition/ disorder
If you inherit only one cystic fibrosis allele, you are called a carrier and do not have symptoms
It is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene.

Mucus-糖蛋白
Fertility 孕育
Infertility 不育的
Pancreas 胰腺

Due to the sticky mucus, phagocytes cannot exert its function/cannot destroy vacteria
Miscarriage 意外流产 abortion 堕胎
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