| ml: Cerri viriri ii ‘TABLE 7.1: PERMISSIBLE STRESSES IN NON-PRESTRESSED STEEL REINFORCEMENT Allowable Stress (N/sq-mm) navi Nature of Stress Mild Steet igh yield Strength Steel Normal | Abnormal | Normal | Abnormal ‘Tensile stress in members. under direct tension us 175 150 225 ‘Tensile stress in members in bending: (a) On liquid-retaining face of members 115 175 150 225 (b) On face away from liquid for members less than 115 175 150 225 250 mm (©) On face away from liquid for members 250 mm or more in thickness 125 190 190 290 Tensile stress in shear reinforcement (a) For members less than 5 175 150 225 250 mm (b) For members 250 mm or more in thickness 125 190 175 265 Compressive stress in columns subject to direct load 125 190 175 265 Naw! (Round mild steel bars conforming to 1S: 2062, Co) High yield stength deformed bars conforming to 15:1786. 89TABLE: 7.2 LIMITING VALUES OF CRACK WIDTH FOR LIQUID RETAINING STRUCTURES Allowable crack-width (1) for various exposure types Type of liquid Desiea condition Severe Normal | Corrosive corrosive Non-radioactive Normal 0.005e? | 0.004e 0.003e liquid ‘Abnormal 0.0076 0.006¢ 0.005¢ Radioactive Normal 0.004¢ 0.003¢ —o liquid Abnormal 0.006e 0.005¢ — Note: (1) Unit of erack width is in mm, Q) cc is the clear cover, (3) When a liquid retaining structure for radioactive liquid is to be constructed in the severely corrosive environment, proper precaution has to be taken such that the operative environment is maintained equivalent to the corrosive environmental condition. 7.3.16 In addition, allowance should be made for the significant additional deflection which occurs at the top of the wall due to rotation, if the pressure distribution under the base is triangular or vary asymmetrically trapezoidal. Limits for deflections will normally be those for non-liquid-retaining structures since only in exceptional circumstances will deflections be more critical with regard to freeboard, drainage or redistribution of load. 7.3.17 At least 75% of the liquid load should be considered as permanent when calculating deflections. 7.3.18 Retaining walls should be backfilled in even layers around the structure, the thickness of the layers being specified by the designer. Overcompaction adjacent to the wall should be avoided otherwise large differential deflections (and sliding) of the wall may occur. 90