Workshop Manual E

Engine Body 2(0)

TMD102A, TAMD102A/D,
TAMD103A, TMD122A
TAMD122A/C/D/P-A/P-B/P-C
 Group 21 Engine body

Marine engines
TMD102A • TAMD102A/D • TAMD103A
TMD122A • TAMD122A/C/D
TAMD122P-A/P-B/P-C

Contents
Safety information ................................................. 2 Special tools ......................................................... 10
Introduktion .......................................................... 2 Design and function ............................................. 14
Important .............................................................. 2 Engine, general ................................................... 14
General information .............................................. 5 Positioning of rating plates .................................. 14
About the Workshop Manual ................................ 5 Engine performance ............................................ 16
Spare parts ........................................................... 5 Description of components .................................. 19
Certified engines ................................................... 5 Repairs .................................................................. 23
Repair instructions ................................................ 7 Cylinder head ...................................................... 23
Our joint responsibility .......................................... 7 Cylinder block ...................................................... 34
Tightening torques ................................................ 7 Timing gears ........................................................ 42
Angular torque ...................................................... 8 Camshaft ............................................................. 46
Lock nuts ............................................................. 8 Crankshaft ........................................................... 50
Strength classes .................................................. 8 Flywheel .............................................................. 54
Sealant ................................................................. 8 References to Service Bulletins .......................... 56
Safety instructions for Fluorine rubber .................. 9

1
 Safety Information
Introduction
The Workshop Manual contains technical data, de-
scriptions, and repair instructions for the designated
Volvo Penta products or product versions. Make sure
that the correct workshop literature is used.
Read the following safety information and the
“General Information” and “Repair Instructions”
in the Workshop Manual carefully before starting
service work.
Important
The following special warning symbols are used in the
Workshop Manual and on the product.
WARNING! Warns of risk of bodily injury, seri-
ous damage to product or property, or that a se-
rious malfunction can occur if the instructions
are not followed.
IMPORTANT! Used to attract attention to things
that can cause damage or malfunction to prod-
uct or property.
NOTE! Used to attract attention to important informa-
tion, to simplify work procedures or handling.
The following list provides an overview of the risks
and cautionary procedures that should always be ob-
served.
Prevent the engine from being started by dis-
connecting the power with the main switch
(switches) and locking it (them) in disconnected
mode before the service work is begun. Attach a
warning sign in the cabin.
As a rule, all service work should be performed
on an idle engine. Some work, e.g. certain ad-
justments, require the engine to be running. Ap-
proaching an engine that is running is a safety
risk. Remember that loose clothes or long hair
can fasten in rotating parts and cause severe
injury.
2
A careless movement or dropped tool while
working in the vicinity of an engine that is run-
ning, can in the worst case lead to injury. Ob-
serve caution on hot surfaces (exhaust pipe, tur-
bo, charge air pipe, starter element etc.) and hot
fluids in the lines and hoses of an engine that is
running, or has just been started. Refit all
guards dismantled during service work before
starting the engine.
Make sure that the warning or information de-
cals on the product are always clearly visible.
Replace labels that have been damaged or
painted over.
Never start the engine unless the air filter is fit-
ted. The rotating compressor wheel in the turbo
can cause severe injury. Foreign objects in the
inlet pipe can also damage the machine.
Never use starter spray or the like. Explosion
risk in the inlet pipe. Risk of personal injury.
Avoid opening the coolant filler cap when the en-
gine is hot. Steam or hot coolant can spray out,
and built up pressure will be lost. Open the filler
cap slowly and release the overpressure in the
cooling system if the filler cap or cock must be
opened, or if a plug or coolant pipe must be re-
moved when the engine is hot. Steam or hot
coolant can flow out in an unpredicted direction.
Hot oil can cause burn injuries. Avoid skin con-
tact with hot oil. Make sure that the oil system
is not pressurised before working on it. Never
start, or run the engine with the oil filler cap re-
moved in view of the risk of ejecting oil.
Stop the engine and close the bottom valve be-
fore working on the cooling system.
Only start the engine in a well-ventilated area.
Exhaust fumes and crankcase gases should be
led out of the engine compartment or workshop
when working in closed environments.
Always use protective glasses for work where
there is a risk of splintering, sparks, or splash-
ing of acid or other chemicals. The eyes are ex-
tremely sensitive, and an injury can cause blind-
ness!

Avoid skin contact with oil! Prolonged or fre-
quent skin contact with oil can degrease the
skin, resulting in irritation, drying out, eczema,
and other skin complaints. Used oil is more dan-
gerous than new oil from the health care point of
view. Use protective gloves and avoid oil
drenched clothes and rags. Wash your hands
regularly, especially before meals. Use special
hand cream to counteract drying out, and to
simplify cleaning the skin.
The majority of chemicals intended for the prod-
uct (e.g. engine and timing gear oils, glycol, pet-
rol and diesel oil) or chemicals for workshop use
(e.g. degreasing agent, enamels and solvents)
are hazardous to health. Read the instruction on
the pack carefully. Always follow the given safe-
ty instructions (e.g. the use of breathing protec-
tion, protective glasses, or gloves, etc.) Make
sure that other personnel are not exposed to
hazardous substances, e.g. by inhaling the air.
Make sure there is adequate ventilation. Handle
consumed and surplus chemicals in the pre-
scribed manner.
Observe extreme caution when tracing fuel
leaks in fuel systems and when testing fuel noz-
zles. Wear protective glasses. The jet from a
fuel nozzle has a very high pressure and pene-
trating force. The fuel can penetrate deeply into
bodily tissue and cause serious injury. Risk of
blood poisoning.
All fuels, in similarity with chemicals, are inflam-
mable. Make sure that naked flames, or sparks,
cannot lead to ignition. Petrol, certain thinners,
and hydrogen from batteries, are extremely in-
flammable and explosive when mixed with air.
Smoking is prohibited! Ventilate well and take
the necessary precautions before conducting
welding or grinding work in the immediate vicini-
ty. Always have a fire extinguisher handy in the
workshop.
Make sure that rags drenched in oil and petrol,
including old fuel and lubricant filters, are stored
safety. Oil drenched rags can in certain condi-
tions self-ignite. Old fuel and oil filters are envi-
ronmentally hazardous waste, and together with
spent lubricant, contaminated fuel, paint resi-
due, solvent, degreasing agent and suds, should
be handed in to a waste handling unit for de-
struction.
General Information
Batteries must never be exposed to naked
flames or electrical sparks. Never smoke in the
vicinity of batteries. Hydrogen develops when
batteries are charged, which in combination with
air forms an explosive gas. This gas is highly
inflammable and very explosive. One spark from
connecting the batteries incorrectly is sufficient
to cause the battery to explode and cause inju-
ry. Do not touch the connection when starting
(risk of spark) and do not lean over the batter-
ies.
Never confuse the plus and minus terminals
when fitting the batteries. This can cause seri-
ous damage to the electrical equipment. Check
the wiring diagram.
Always use protective glasses when charging
and handling batteries. The battery electrolyte
contains strongly corrosive sulphuric acid. On
skin contact, wash with soap and plenty of wa-
ter. If battery acid gets into the eyes, rinse im-
mediately with water, and contact a doctor with-
out delay.
Stop the engine and switch off the power with
the main switch (switches) before working on
the electrical system.
Adjustment of the clutch should be conducted
when the engine is idle.
Use the lifting hooks mounted on the engine/re-
verse gear when lifting the drive unit. Always
check that the lifting equipment is in good condi-
tion and has the correct capacity for the lift
(weight of engine plus reverse gear and extra
equipment where appropriate).
For safe handling, and to avoid damaging the
components mounted on top of the engine, the
engine should always be lifted with a lifting bar
adjusted to the engine. All chains or wires
should run in parallel with each other and as per-
pendicular to the top of the engine as possible.
Special lifting equipment may be required to en-
sure the right balance and safe handling if other
equipment connected to the engine alters its
centre of gravity.
Never carry out work on an engine only support-
ed by lifting equipment.
3
General Information
Never work alone when heavy components are
to be dismantled, even when safe lifting (e.g.
lockable block and tackle) equipment is used. In
most cases, two persons are required even
when lifting equipment is used: one to handle
the equipment and one to make sure that com-
ponents are not damaged. When working on-
board a boat always make sure in advance that
there is sufficient space to allow dismantling in
situ, without the risk of personal injury or dam-
age to materials.
WARNING! The components in the electrical
system and in the fuel system on Volvo Penta
products are designed and manufactured to min-
imise the risks of explosion and fire. The engine
must not be run in environments surrounded by
explosive media.
4
When cleaning with high-pressure wash, ob-
serve the following: Never point the jet of water
at seals, rubber hoses, or electrical compo-
nents. Never use the high-pressure function
when washing the engine.
NOTE! Pressure pipes must not bent, turned, or
exposed to other strain. Replace damaged pres-
sure pipes.
Always use Volvo Penta recommended fuel.
See the instruction handbook. The use of inferi-
or quality fuel can damage the engine. The use
of inferior fuel in a diesel engine can cause the
control rod to jam and the engine to overspeed,
with the risk of personal injury or damage to the
machine. Inferior fuel can also lead to higher
maintenance costs.
 General Information
About the Workshop Manual
This Workshop Manual contains technical information,
descriptions, and repair instructions for the standard
versions of the engine units TMD102A, TAMD102A/D,
TAMD103A, TMD122A, TAMD122A/C/D,
TAMD122P-A/P-B/P-C.
The Workshop Manual may show work procedures
conducted on an optional engine according to the
above list. This implies that the illustrations and
diagrams that present certain parts, may in some
cases not agree with the other engines. The repair
methods remain essentially the same, however.
Wherever there is a difference, this is clearly indicated
and important differences are reported separately. The
engine designation and number are given on the
number plate. The motor designation and number
should always be given during all correspondence.
The Workshop Manual is primarily produced for Volvo
Penta service workshops and their qualified person-
nel. It is therefore assumed that persons using this
manual have a basic knowledge of marine drive
systems, and can perform the relevant work of a
mechanical and electrical nature. Volvo Penta contin-
uously develops its products, and therefore reserves
the right to introduce modifications. All the information
in this manual is based on product data available prior
to publication. Any amendments or service methods
of essential importance that have been introduced for
the product after this date are confirmed in the form of
Service Bulletins.
Spare parts
Spare parts for the electrical and fuel systems are
subject to different national safety requirements, e.g.
U.S. Coast Guard Safety Regulations. Volvo Penta
Genuine Spare Parts comply with these requirements.
All types of damage resulting from the use of non
genuine Volvo Penta spare parts for the product in
question will not be regulated by the warranty under-
takings of Volvo Penta.
Certified engines
Important information concerning engines certi-
fied for Lake Constance and Switzerland.
All engines and products from Volvo Penta are devel-
oped on the basis that they will have as little impact
on the environment as possible.
Nevertheless national and regional environmental
legislation is not the same on all the markets Volvo
Penta sells its products. Occasionally such legislation
implies that special engine versions have to be built,
or that the engine must be approved in advance –
certified – by the authorities.
The certification of an engine implies that Volvo Penta
guarantees that all manufactured engines correspond
with the certified example of the engine approved.
Certification not only implies requirements concerning
engines new from the factory, but also that engines in
operation will continue to comply with the set environ-
mental requirements. For Volvo Penta to assume
responsibility for engines in operation it is necessary
to comply with certain requirements concerning
service and spare parts. This is not to suggest that
you should not carry out your own service work, on
the contrary this often leads to the rapid discovery of
abnormalities.
However, certain service procedures require special
knowledge, workshop literature, special tools, and
other special equipment. These service procedures
may only be conducted by an authorised Volvo Penta
Service Workshop. Always contact your Volvo Penta
dealer if you are unsure about anything concerning the
function or maintenance of your engine.
As the owner of a certified engine from Volvo Penta,
or a person working on the engine, it is important to be
familiar with the following:
l The service intervals and maintenance procedures
recommended by Volvo Penta must be followed.
l Only Volvo Penta Genuine Spare Parts intended for
the certified engine version must be used.
l Service of injection pumps, pump settings, and
injectors, shall always be conducted by an author-
ised Volvo Penta workshop.
l The engine must not be rebuilt or modified in any
way, with the exception of the accessories and
service kits that Volvo Penta has developed for the
engine.
5
General Information
l Installation adjustments on exhaust pipes and
supply air channels for the engine compartment
(ventilation channels) must not, without due care,
be conducted since this can influence exhaust
emissions.
l Seals must not be broken by unauthorised person-
nel.
6
IMPORTANT! Use only Volvo Penta Genuine
Spare Parts.
The use of non genuine parts implies that AB
Volvo Penta will no longer assume responsi-
bility for compliance of the engine with the
certified versions. All types of damage or
costs resulting from the use of non genuine Vol-
vo Penta spare parts for the product in question
will not be regulated by Volvo Penta.
 Repair Instructions
The work methods described in the Workshop Manual
are applicable for a workshop environment. The en-
gine has therefore been lifted out of the boat and
mounted on an engine block. Renovation work that
does not require the engine to be lifted out is conduct-
ed in situ with the same work methods unless other-
wise stated.
The warning symbols used in the Workshop Manual
(see Safety Information for implication),
WARNING!
IMPORTANT!
NOTE!
by no means cover everything since the service work
is conducted under a wide range of different condi-
tions, and it is obviously impossible to foresee every-
thing. All that can be done is to point out the risks that
can occur from incorrect handling when working in a
well-equipped workshop with work methods and tools
approved by Volvo Penta.
Where Volvo Penta special tools can be used for work
procedures, these are described in the Workshop
Manual. The object of special tools is to ensure the
safest and most rational work method possible. If oth-
er tools or work methods are used than those recom-
mended by Volvo Penta, then it is incumbent on the
person using them to ensure that there is no risk of
personal injury, damage, or malfunction.
In some cases, there are special directions and user
instructions for the tools and chemicals named in the
Workshop Manual. These directions should always be
followed even if there is no special mention of them in
the Workshop Manual.
Most risks can be prevented by means of taking ele-
mentary precautions and using common sense. A
clean workplace and a clean engine eliminate many
risks of both personal injury and malfunction.
Above all when working with the fuel system, lubrica-
tion system, intake system, turbo, bearing unions and
sealing unions, it is extremely important to prevent dirt
or foreign objects from getting in, since this can result
in malfunction or reduce the life span of the repair.
Our joint responsibility
Every engine consists of a large number of co-ordinat-
ed systems and components. The deviation of one
component from the technical specification can dra-
matically increase the impact on the environment from
what is otherwise a good engine. It is therefore ex-
tremely important to maintain the given tolerances, to
implement the correct adjustments where applicable,
and to use Volvo Penta Genuine Parts. The time
schedule in the engine’s maintenance schedule must
be followed.
Certain systems, e.g. components in the fuel system,
may require special competence and special testing
equipment. For environmental reasons certain compo-
nents are sealed at the factory and must not be
worked on by unauthorised persons.
Remember that most chemical products when incor-
rectly used can be damaging to the environment. Vol-
vo Penta recommends the used of biologically decom-
posing degreasing agents for all cleaning of engine
components, unless otherwise stated in the Workshop
Manual. When working onboard boats special care
must be observed to prevent oils and suds etc. unin-
tentionally ending up the nature, e.g. via the bilge wa-
ter.
Tightening torques
Tightening torque for vital unions, which should be
tightened with a torque multiplier, are indicated in the
Workshop Manual, Technical data, Tightening tor-
ques and the manual’s work descriptions. All torque
readings are applicable for clean threads, screw heads
and mating surfaces. The torque readings refer to
lightly oiled or dry thread. If lubricants, locking fluids
or sealant are required for screw union, then the type
is indicated in the work description. For unions where
special torque denotations are not indicated, the gen-
eral tightening torque is applicable according to the ta-
ble below. The torque readings are guide values, and
unions do not need to be tightened with a torque multi-
plier.
Size Tightening torque, Nm (lbf.ft)
M5 ....................................................... 6 (4.4)
M6 ....................................................... 10 (7.4)
M8 ....................................................... 25 (18.4)
M10 ..................................................... 50 (36.9)
M12 ..................................................... 80 (59.0)
M14 ..................................................... 140 (103.3)
7
General Information
Angular torque
For angular tightening the screw union is first tight-
ened with a given torque, after which tightening contin-
ues at a predetermined angle. Example: for 90° angu-
lar torque the union is tightened an addition ¼ turn af-
ter the given tightening torque has been achieved.
Lock nuts
Dismantled lock nuts should not be reused but re-
placed with new ones, since the locking properties be-
come inferior or non existent after multiple use. For
lock nuts with plastic inserts, e.g. Nylock® , the tight-
ening torque indicated in the table should be reduced
if the Nylock® nut has the same nut height as a
standard solid metal hex nut. The tightening torque is
reduced by 25 % for screw sizes of 8 mm or more.
For Nylock® nuts with higher nut size, where the solid
metal thread is the same height as a standard hex
nut, the tightening torque as per the table is applica-
ble.
Strength classes
Screws and nuts are divided into different strength
classes. Their classification is indicated on the screw
head. A high number on the marking represents a
stronger material, e.g. a screw marked 10-9 is strong-
er than a screw marked 8-8. It is therefore important
when a screw union is dismantled to return the screws
to their original positions. See the spare parts cata-
logue when replacing screws to ensure that the cor-
rect version is used.
8
Sealant
A number of different types of sealant and locking flu-
ids are used on the engine. The sealant has different
properties for different union strengths, temperature
ranges, resistance to oil and chemicals, and for the
different materials and slot sizes in the engine.
It is therefore important to use the correct type of
sealant and locking fluid for those unions that require
them, in order to ensure satisfactory service work.
The Workshop Manual indicates in the relevant chap-
ters the compounds used when the engines were
manufactured.
The same compound, or a compound with equivalent
properties but of other manufacture, should be used
during the service work.
When using sealant and locking fluids it is important
that the surfaces are free from oil, grease, paint and
anti-rust agent, and that they are dry.
Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions con-
cerning application temperature and hardening times
etc. for the product.
Two basic types of sealant are used on the engine,
characterised by:
RTV compound (Room Temperature Vulcanising). Of-
ten used together with gaskets, e.g. sealing of gasket
joints or applied on gaskets. RTV compound is clearly
visible when the part has been dismantled, and old
RTV compound must be removed before the union is
sealed again.
The following RTV compounds are mentioned in the
Workshop Manual:
Loctite® 574, Volvo Penta 840879-1, Permatex® No.
3, Volvo Penta 1161099-5, and Permatex® No. 77.
Old sealant is removed with denatured spirit.
Anaerobic compounds. These compounds harden on
the absence of air. The compound is used when two
solid parts, e.g. cast components, are fitted together
without a gasket. A common application is also to se-
cure and seal plugs, thread on studs, cocks, and oil
pressure sensors etc. Hardened anaerobic compound
is transparent and therefore the compounds are dyed
to make them visible. Hardened anaerobic compounds
are very resistant to solvents and old compound can-
not be removed. Before refitting they are carefully de-
greased, after which new sealant is applied.
The following anaerobic compounds are mentioned in
the Workshop Manual: Loctite® 572 (white coloured)
and Loctite® 241 (blue).
NOTE! Loctite® is a registered trademark for Loctite Corpora-
tion. Permatex® is a registered trademark for Permatex Corpo-
ration.

Safety instructions for
fluororubber
Fluororubber is a common material used in sealing
rings for shafts and O-rings.
Hydrofluoric acid is formed when fluororubber is ex-
posed to high temperatures (over 300°C/572°F), and
is strongly corrosive. Contact with the skin, eyes, or
respiratory passages, can lead to severe injury.
WARNING! Observe extreme caution when
working on engines that may have been ex-
posed to high temperatures, e.g. overheating
during seizing or fire. Seals must never be
burned off during dismantling, or burned up in
uncontrolled circumstances.
l Always use chloroprene gloves (for handling
chemicals) and protective glasses.
General Information
l Handle the removed seal in the same way a cor-
rosive acid. All residue, including ash, can be
strongly corrosive. Never use compressed air to
blow clean.
l Place the remains in a sealed plastic container
with warning label. Wash gloves under running
water before taking off.
The following seals are in all probability manufactured
of fluororubber.
Sealing rings for crankshaft, camshaft, and intermedi-
ate shafts.
O-rings, irrespective of position. O-rings for cylinder
lining seals are almost always made of fluororubber.
Note that seals that have not been exposed to high
temperatures can be handled normally.
9
 Special tools

In all cases where it has been practically possible tools have been punched with their tool number, excluding the
last digit. The last digit (after the hyphen) is a check number.

885126 885341 9988539 9989876 9812546 1158959

9991084 9991801 9992000 9992013 9992089 9992955 9992124

885126-3 Piston ring compressor 999-

885341-8 Tool for removing rear crankshaft seal. 1084-6 Drift for removing valve guide
Used together with 6400 1801-3 Standard handle 18 x 200 mm
9988539-4 Compression tester (0.7087 x 7.9740")
9989876-9 Dial indicator 2000-1 Standard handle 25 x 200 mm
9812546-1 Brush for cleaning of bottom of copper (0.9843 x 7.8740")
sleeve and sealing surface between 2013-4 Drift for removing and fitting of
copper sleeve and cylinder head piston journal, used together with
1158959-5 Torque multiplier, ratio 1:4 1801
2089-4, Extractor plate for cylinder liner, 102/3
2955-6 and 122 series, used together with
6645
2124-9 Expander plug (2 pcs) for pressure
testing of cylinder head

10
 Special tools

9992267 9992479 9992529 9992952 9992655 9992656 9992658

9992659 9992666 9998043 9992677 9992953 9996065

999-
2267-6 Drift for removing and fitting of ball
bearings in pulley, coolant pump.
Fitting drift for bearings, injection
pump drive device. Counterforce
when pressing out rocker arm bushing.
2479-7 Holder for dial indicator when
checking height of liner collar above
the block plane.
2529-9, Drift for removing and fitting of
2952-3 connecting rod bushing, 102/3 and 122
series
2655-2 Extractor for polygon hub on crankshaft
2656-0 Fitting tool for polygon hub on crankshaft
2658-6 Extractor for crankshaft gear
999-
2659-4 Press tool for fitting of crankshaft gear
2666-9, Tool (min. 2 pcs) for pressing down of
8043-5 cylinder liner when measuring height of
liner collar above block plane, 102/3 and
122 series.
2677-6 Drift for removing and fitting of rocker
arm bushing
2953-1 Drift for fitting of valve guides, 122
series
6065-0 Manometer with hose for checking of
fuel’s feed pressure or turbo boost
pressure.* When checking feed pressure
use also banjo nipple 6066.
* NOTE! The same tool should not be used for checking both the
feed pressure and boost pressure.

11
Special tools

9996088 9996394 9996395 9996400 9996599 9996643 9996645

9996662 9996668 9996669 9996683 9996685 9996772

999- 999-
6088-2 Fitting tool for rear crankshaft seal 6668-1 Drift for fitting of valve guide (inlet), 102/3
6394-4 Supports (2 pcs) for liner extractor 6645 series

6395-1 Supports (2 pcs) for liner extractor 6645 6669-9 Drift for fitting of valve guide (outlet),
102/3 series
6400-9 Impact hammer
6683-0 Connection washer for pressure testing
6599-8 Plate for pressing in liner of cylinder head, 122 series
6643-4 Extractor for injector 6685-5 Clamp for pressure testing of cylinder
6645-9 Extractor for liner, used together with head, 102/3 series
6394 and 6695 6772-1 Tool for checking of camshaft lift height
6662-4 Pressure testing device for cooling sys
tem

12
 Special tools

9996795 9998079 9999511 9999903

9999531 9999551 9999696 9999902

999- Spare parts and accessories for special tools

6795-2 Drift for fitting of front crankshaft seals 9501-1 Milling tool for tool 9531
8079-9 Tool for lifting camshaft in and out 9532-6 Cutting tool with holder for tool 9531
9511-0, Expander for turning cylinder liner, 9693-6 Card for compression tester 9988539
9903-9 102/3 and 122 series 9904-7 Milling tool for tool 9902
9531-8 Milling tool for sealing groove in
cylinder head, 122 series
9551-6 Milling tool for renovating liner recess,
102/3 series
9696-9 Magnetic stand for dial indicator
9902-1 Milling tool for renovating liner recess,
122 series

13
 Design and function

The engines are online, six-cylinder, four-stroke marine diesel engines with direct injection. They are fitted with
heat exchangers (alt. connecting parts for keel cooling) for thermostatically controlled fresh water cooling.
The engines are lubricated by a pressure lubricating system, where an oil pump presses oil to all the lubricating
points. On TAMD102A, TAMD102D, TAMD103A and the 122 series, the pistons are oil cooled by means of spe-
cial nozzles placed in the cylinder block.
All engines have wet replaceable cylinder liners.
The engines are fitted with an exhaust driven turbocharger, which is lubricated and cooled by engine oil. The tur-
bine housing is fresh water cooled to reduce the radiation heat to the engine compartment.
TAMD102A, TAMD102D, TAMD103A and the TAMD122 series are also fitted with a seawater cooled aftercooler
which reduces the temperature of the intake air and increases the engine output. The combustion and exhaust
system temperatures are also lower.

Positioning of rating plates

Identification plate (Decal)

Engine designation Reverse gear, type

Serial number
ENGINE

TAMD122P–C TD MG5091SC–E
Serial number XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX
868862 3590205
Product number Product number
TAMD122P-B,
TAMD122P-C

Certification plate:
EMISSION APPROVED IN ACCORDANCE TO THE
REQUIREMENTS OF SAV.
APPROVAL NO: xxxxxxxxxx

Decal Approval No. (Certification)

dataset EDC: Identification plate:
Engine designation Product number
TAMD122P-C 868 862
TAMD122P-C No. xxxxxxxxxx / xxxxx
RATED POWER: 449 kW Serial number Basic engine number
RATED SPEED: 2250 RPM

DATASET: 874138

SPEC. NO: 868 862

ECU BATCH: 9942

14
 Design and function

Identification plate (Decal)

Engine designation Reverse gear, type

Serial number Serial number

ENGINE
TAMD122P–A TD MG 5114 SC
XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX
868769 3905920
Product number Product number

Other engines

Certification plate (TAMD122P-A):

EMISSION APPROVED IN ACCORDANCE TO THE
REQUIREMENTS OF SAV.
APPROVAL NO: xxxxxxxxxx

Approval No. (Certification)

TA Identification plate:
MD
10 Engine designation Product No.
2/3
TAMD122P-A 868769
No. xxxxxxxxxx / xxxxx
Serial number Basic engine No.

15
Design and function

Engine presentation
TMD102A, starboard
1. Distribution box with semi-automatic fuses
2. Air filter
3. Filter for crankcase ventilation
4. Filler, oil
5. Oil cooler
6. Inlet pipe
7. Expansion tank
8. Filler, coolant
9. Vibration damper
10. Seawater pump
11. Oil bilge pump
12. Oil filter
13. Starter motor
14. Reverse gear
15. Oil cooler, reverse gear

TAMD102A, starboard
1. Air filter
2. Distribution box with semi-automatic fuses
3. Aftercooler
4. Scavening pump
5. Heat exchanger
6. Filler, coolant
7. Extra alternator
8. Alternator
9. Vibration damper
10. Extra drive output
11. Bilge pump
12. Oil bilge pump
13. Oil filter
14. Starter motor
15. Reverse gear
16. Oil cooler, reverse gear

TAMD102D, port
1. Heat exchanger
2. Filler, coolant
3. Fuel filter
4. Smoke limiter
5. Aftercooler
6. Filler, oil
7. Filter for crankcase ventilation
8. Air filter
9. Water cooled exhaust elbow
10. Turbocharger
11. Reverse gear
12. Stop solenoid
13. Governor
14. Dipstick
15. Injection pump
16. Feed pump
17. Alternator

16
 Design and function

TMD122A, port
1. Heat exchanger
2. Filler, coolant
3. Fuel filter
4. Smoke limiter
5. Injection pump
6. Stop solenoid
7. Filler, oil
8. Filter for crankcase ventilation
9. Air filter
10. Exhaust elbow
11. Turbocharger
12. Reverse gear
13. Fresh water filter
14. Dipstick
15. Inspection panel
16. Feed pump
17. Alternator
18. P.T.O. for hydraulic pump

TAMD122A, starboard
1. Air filter
2. Filter for crankcase ventilation
3. Filler, oil
4. Aftercooler
5. Oil cooler
6. Inlet pipe
7. Filler, coolant
8. Heat exchanger
9. Vibration damper
10. Seawater pump
11. Pipe for bilging of oil pan
12. Oil filter
13. Starter motor
14. Distribution box with semi-automatic fuses
15. Reverse gear
16. Oil cooler, reverse gear

TAMD122P-A, port
1. Heat exchanger
2. Filler, coolant
3. Fuel filter
4. Smoke limiter
5. After cooler
6. Filler, oil
7. Filter for crankcase ventilation
8. Air filter
9. Water cooled exhaust elbow
10. Turbocharger
11. Reverse gear
12. Shut-off valve, fuel
13. Governor
14. Dipstick
15. Injection pump
16. Feed pump
17. Alternator
18. Inspection panel, coolant

17
Design and function

TAMD122P-A, starboard
1. Air filter
2. Filter for crankcase ventilation
3. Aftercooler
4. Oil cooler
5. Induction pipe
6. Filler, coolant
7. Inspection panel, coolant
8. Heat exchanger
9. Vibration damper
10. Seawater pump
11. Oil filter
12. Starter motor
13. Distribution box with semi-automatic fuses
14. Reverse gear
15. Oil cooler, reverse gear

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
TAMD122P-B, TAMD122P-C, port
1. Heat exchanger
2. Inspection panel, coolant
3. Filler, coolant
4. Fine filter for fuel
5. Electronic Diesel Control (EDC) control
module box
6. Injection pump
7. Distribution box with semi-automatic fuses
8. Water cooled exhaust elbow
9. Turbocharger
10. Reverse gear MPM IRM311
11. Flexible engine suspension
12. Oil pan
13. Electric governor
14. Dipstick
15. Manual feed pump
16. Alternator
16 11 15 14 13 12 11 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TAMD122P-B, TAMD122P-C, starboard
1. Oil cooler, reverse gear
2. Air filter
3. Filter for crankcase ventilation
4. After cooler
5. Oil cooler, engine
6. Oil cap
7. Expansion tank
8. Level glass, coolant
9. Seawater pump
10. Oil filter, engine
11. Alt. pos. of dipstick
12. Starter motor
13. Dipstick, reverse gear (MPM IRM311)
14. Oil filter, reverse gear

14 13 12 11 10 9

18
 Design and function

Description of components
TMD102A
TMD102A is a further development of TMD100C and
was introduced from engine number 1101010220/xxxx.
The most important differences are:
l The cylinder block is provided with a plane for a
bypass oil filter. The flow of coolant round the cy
linder liners has been improved by the introduction
of a horizontal shelf round the top part of the liner.
The oil channels for the camshaft bearings have
been improved.
l The base of the cylinder head has been made ap-
prox. 3 mm (0.118") thinner, making it more flexible.
Together with new screws and modified torque this
ensures higher clamping force on the sealing union
to the block.
l The outlet valve seat has been made thinner and
has a greater grip between seat and cylinder head.
l New and thicket upper sealing ring for the cylinder
liners, 2.4 mm (0.09"), in new material (EPDM rub-
ber).
l New 5-hole distributors with hole diameter 0.34 mm
(0.0134").
l A new aluminium oil pan replaces the cast iron pan.
The inspection panels are still made of cast iron.

TAMD102A
TAMD102A is a further development of TMD102A.
The most important differences are:
l Higher output.
l Aftercooler (same as TAMD122).
l New cylinder block with piston cooling.
l New pistons. Upper compression ring of “Keystone”
type (trapezoid shaped).
l Modified compression ratio, 15:1.
l New cylinder head with modified guides for the inlet
valves (for improved air rotation).
l New valves with greater valve clearance.
l New oil pump with higher capacity.
l New oil pan, modified (also used on TMD102).
l New injection pump, 12 mm (0.47") pump element.
l Modified injection angle.
l New pressure pipes.
l New turbocharger.
l New air filter, washable.
l Larger seawater pump – 2" (same as on the 122
series).
l New vibration damper (same as on the TAMD122
series).

19
Design and function

TAMD102D
TAMD102D is a further development of TMD102A.
The most important differences are:

l Reinforced engine block.

l New hardened induction valves.
l Upper compression ring of the Keystone type.
l New injection pump.
l Turbocharger of the Holset type.
l Reinforced timing gears with nitro-carburized
gears.

TMD122A, TAMD122A, TAMD122C

These engines are a further development of the 121
series.
The most important differences are:

l The cylinder head has been provided with

grooves for a flame edge. The new head has the
same version of grooves as previously.
l The cylinder liners have a flame edge. New thick-
er upper sealing ring, 2.4 mm (0.09"), in new ma-
terial (EPDM rubber).
l The gudgeon pins have been made stronger in
that the inner diameter has been reduced by 2
mm (0.079").
l New injection pump.
l A smoke limiter has been introduced, placed on
the front part of the injection pump.
l New vibration damper (not on TMD122).
l New 5-hole distributors, only on TAMD122A.
l New turbocharger (only on TAMD122C).

TAMD122D
TAMD122D is a further development of TAMD122C.
The most important differences are:

l Higher output for Pleasure duty (PD).

l New pistons, compression ratio 14.0:1 (previously
14.2:1)
l The upper piston ring is of the Keystone type.
l Aluminium flywheel casing.
l The cover on the expansion tank is somewhat
lower than previously.
l Shorter oil filter.
l Reverse gear of MPM manufacture (IRM310A) is
available as an alternative.

20

TAMD122P-A
TAMD122P-A is a further development of TAMD122D.
The most important differences are:
l Higher output.
l New connecting rods with trapezium shaped
gudgeon pin end.
l New pistons.
l New piston rings (upper piston ring of Keystone
type, (trapezium shaped)).
l New cylinder liners.
l New inlet valves, Nimonic.
l Greater valve clearance. Inlet: 0.50 mm (0.02") –
outlet: 0.80 mm (0.03").
l New injection pump with modified setting.
l Double action feed pump with higher capacity.
l New 5-hole distributors with higher opening pres-
sure.
l Pre-tensioned pressure pipe.
l New larger turbocharger with fresh water cooled
turbine housing (Schwitzer S4DW).
Design and function
l Reinforced exhaust elbow.
l New heat exchanger package (4-circuit heat ex-
changer with copper/nickel alloy pipes).
l New pressure cover on the expansion tank.
l Seawater pump with higher capacity.
l Coolant pipes in copper/nickel alloy.
l New aftercooler with higher capacity.
l New more efficient air filter with replaceable paper
insert.
l A solenoid valve replaces the stop solenoid (the
valve reverses the feed pump function on stop).
l Rubber suspended distribution box.
l Transducer and sensor for the engine’s oil pres-
sure are mounted separately with rubber suspen-
sion.
l Reinforced insulation of engine cabling (corrugat-
ed plastic hose in PA66) with damp proof connec-
tions.
l Harder rubber pads (70 shore).
21
Design and function

TAMD122P-B (“TAMD122P EDC”)

These engines are a further development of l Double filters for crankcase ventilation.
TAMD122P-A. l New aftercooler with higher capacity (2-circuit in-
The most important differences are: sert with greater number of disks).

l New injection pump provided with electronic gov- l The distribution box has been moved to the left-
ernor. The governor includes an electromagnet hand side of the engine.
that activates the injection pump’s control rod and l The engine has been provided with a cover
thereby the injected fuel volume (engine output). placed over the exhaust elbow.
l An electronics box (EDC) has been introduced,
placed in connection with the rear fuel filter.
l The fuel shut-off valve has been discontinued
(the engine is stopped via the EDC system).
l New alternator with Zener diodes, 24V/60A.
l Higher output.
l New pistons with improved piston cooling (recess
cooled).
l New upper compression ring (modified piston ring
gap).
l New piston cooling nozzles (adjusted for recess
cooled piston).
l New piston cooling valve with low opening pres-
sure.*
l New reducing valve with higher opening pres-
sure.*
l New injection pump with modified setting:
– setting: 16° ±0.5° B.T.D.C.
– stroke position, on inspection: 4.45 (±0.10) mm
(0.18 (±0.004)")
on adjustment: 4.45 (±0.05) mm
(0.18 (±0.002)")
l New type of feed pump.
l New injectors with modified nozzle position:
– nozzle retainer, type KBEL 117 P 163
– nozzle, DLLA 150 P 550 TAMD122P-C (“TAMD122P EDC”)
– complete injector, marked 567 These engines are a further development of
– opening pressure, 27.5 MPa (3989 lbf/in2) (280 TAMD122P-B.
kp/cm2) The most important differences are:
– adjustment pressure (new spring), 28.0 (+0.8)
l Updated EDC system (new EDC control module
MPa (4061 (+116) lbf/in2) (286 (+8) kp/cm2)
box and new software)
– hole diameter, 5 pcs 0.412 mm (0.016")
l Fuse (7.5 A) added for the EDC-system
* Note: These valves have also been introduced on engine
TAMD122P-A (previously delivered engines have also been l New EDC-cabling with damp proof connections
updated). (2 x 8-pin)

22
 Repairs
Cylinder head, removing
Special tools: 9996643, 102/3: 9992666 (at least 2)
122: 9998043 (at least 2)
1. Close the bottom valve. Drain off the engine’s
coolant.
2. Close the fuel cocks.
3. Remove the leads at the batteries.
4. TAMD102/3, TAMD122: Remove the connecting
pipes (water/air) to the aftercooler. Release the
cables for the boost pressure sensor if there is
one. Remove the aftercooler.
5. Remove the air filter and filter for the crankcase
ventilation.
6. Remove the inlet pipe.
7. Remove the requisite pressure pipes and fit pro-
tective caps. Ensure cleanliness when working
with the fuel system.
NOTE! Do not bend the pipes.
8. Remove the exhaust elbow. If only one or a few
cylinder heads are to be removed, the exhaust
pipe can be left on. In which case remove the
screws for the intended cylinder head and loosen
the screws somewhat for the other cylinder
heads.
9. Remove the oil leak pipe for the injectors.
10. Remove the injectors for the cylinder head to be
removed. Turn the injector with a wrench (U-15),
pulling it upwards are the same time. If necessary
use extractor 9996643.
Removing injector
11. Remove the valve covers, rocker arm mechanism
and push rods.
NOTE! To simplify removal of the rocker arm
mechanism the engine should be turned so that
the valves are closed.
12. Remove the screws that hole the cylinder heads,
102/3 series. Remove the insert seals between
the cylinder heads. Lift off the cylinder heads.
13. Remove the cylinder head gaskets, rubber seals
and their guides from the block.
NOTE! If the crankshaft has to be turned round:
Fit tool 9992666 for the 102/3 series and 9998043
for the 122 series to secure the cylinder liners.
Cylinder head, dismantling
Special tool: Valve spring compressor
1. Remove the valves and valve springs. Use a
valve spring compressor to remove the valve col-
lets.
2. Place the valves in a valve rack in the order they
were in the engine. TAMD102/3: Remove the
valve stem seal from the inlet valve guide.
3. Clean all parts. Observe special care with the
channels for oil and coolant. Inspect the tightness
with the leakage test, see page 24.
4. Remove residual soot and impurities from the
sealing surfaces on the cylinder head. 122 series:
Clean the sealing grooves. Observe care not to
damage the thin edge.
Sealing groove in cylinder head, 122 series
23
Repairs

Cylinder head, leakage test Leakage test

Special tools: 9992124 (2 pcs), 9996662, 1. 102 series: Fit the clamp 9996685 and expander
102/3-series: 9996685 screws 9992124 (2 pcs), see Figure 122 series:
122-series: 9996683 Fit the connecting washer 9996683 and expander
screws 9992124 (2 pcs), see Figure.
Do not tighten the wing nuts too hard to avoid
damaging the rubber seals.

102/3 122

Pressure testing device

A. Reducing valve
B. Cock

Before using the pressure testing device it should

be inspected as follows:
1. Connect pressure testing device 9996662 to the
compressed air supply and set the manometer to
100 kPa (14.5 lbf/in2) with the reducing valve (A). 2. Check that the knob on the reducing value is un-
screwed and connect the hose from the pressure
NOTE! The knob on the reducing valve can be
testing device to the cylinder head.
locked by moving the lock ring.
3. Submerge the cylinder head in water, temp. ap-
prox. 70°C (158°F).
4. Connect the pressure testing device to the com-
pressed air system and open the cock.

IMPORTANT! Follow the applicable safety

instructions. Do not lean over the expander
screws.

2. Close the cock (B). The manometer should not

drop for two minutes if the pressure testing de-
vice is to be considered reliable.

24

5. Pull out the lock ring for the knob on the reducing
valve. Increase the pressure by screwing in the
knob until the manometer shows 50 kPa (7.25 lbf/
in2). Hold the pressure for 1 minute, then increase
the pressure to 150 kPa (21.75 lbf/in2). Lock the
knob by pressing in the lock ring and closing the
cock. Check after 1–2 minutes if the pressure
drops, or if air bubbles escape into the water.
6. Release the compressed air hose. Open the cock
and reducing valve. Remove the test equipment.
Cracks in cylinder head
When renovating engines that have clocked up a lot of
hours an inspection of the cylinder head may reveal
heat cracks between the valve seat and hole for the
injector, see Figure.
The cylinder head does not need to be replaced or
scrapped because of heat cracks. Heat cracks stabi-
lise after a certain time and they have not proved to
have any effect on engine performance. The cracks
begin at the copper sleeve on the injector and run to-
wards the recess for the valve seat.
The cracks can be the result of over-tightening the in-
jector retainer. Tests conducted on this type of crack
have in no case resulted in the leakage of gas or cool-
ant, since the crack has not continued through the
base of the cylinder head.
When leakage has been confirmed it has proved to be
the result of impurities or damage to the seat of the
copper sleeve, which where appropriate must there-
fore be rectified.
Cylinder heads in the Volvo Penta exchange system
may incorporate these heat cracks. The cracks are in-
spected during renovation and are evaluated to be of
no importance, i.e. the cylinder head is guaranteed to
be fully serviceable.
Repairs
Cylinder head, inspection
The cylinder head warp must be max. 0.02 mm
(0.0008"). If the warp is more than 0.02 mm (0.0008"),
or if there are blow marks, the cylinder head should be
machined or replaced.
122 series: After surface grinding new sealing grooves
must be milled.
The flame edge does not require machine as long as
the tolerance for min. cylinder head height is main-
tained, see Cylinder head, surface grinding below.
Cylinder head, surface grinding
Special tool: 9992479, dial indicator
1. Surface roughness after grinding must be max.
1.6 RA.
NOTE! On the 122 series surface grinding should
remove the sealing grooves. This distance (A)
from the machines surface of the cylinder head to
the valve disc must not be less that 1.2 mm
(0.0472") for the 102/3 series, and 0.2 (0.0079")
for the 122 series. If further grinding of the cylin-
der head is necessary, the valve seats must be
milled down.
2. The height of the cylinder head after surface
grinding must not be less than 114.65 mm
(4.514") for the 102/3 series, and 124.65 mm
(4.907") for the 122 series.
The flame edge groove does not need machining.
3. 122 series: Mill new sealing grooves in the head
according to the instruction below.
25
Repairs

Cylinder head, milling of sealing 3. Set the dial indicator to zero to the collar.
grooves, 122 series
Special tool: 9999531
When milling new grooves the cylinder head should be
machined so that the previous sealing grooves are
completely removed.

4. Push the retainer with the indicator sideways so

that the indicator tip rests on the highest point on
one of the cutting tools. Correct cutting depth
(tool height): 0.20 mm (0.0079").

1. Nut 5. Spindle
2. Turning handle 6. Milling head
3. Guide plate 7. Tool retainer
4. Guide pins

The height of the cylinder head, and the distance be-

tween the vale disc plane and the cylinder head plane
should not be less than the dimensions given in the
specifications.
Check also that the valve guides are not worn, since
the guiding of the grooving tool is fixed with the guide
pins through the valve guides. Adjusting
5. Release the lock screw (A) (socket head 4 mm
(0.158")) and adjusting screw B (socket head
5 mm (0.197")), a few turns.

Setting of the tool’s cutting depth

1. Set up the tool in a vice with the tool facing up-
wards.
2. Fix a dial indicator in holder 9992479 and place
this over the grooving tool’s ring shaped collar.

26

6. Press down the tool holder and tighten the lock
screw somewhat so that it presses against the
holder.
7. Place the indicator tip against the highest point
on the tool and screw the adjusting screw up until
the correct valve is obtained on the tool.
8. Tighten the lock screw.
NOTE! Check that the tool holder’s upper edge is
level with the cutting head. If not, then the dial in-
dicator has moved an extra turn.
Milling of sealing grooves
1. Set up the cylinder head in a vice.
2. Screw the guide plate on the cylinder head. The
plate should be positioned so that it is centred be-
tween the holes for cylinder head’s fixing screws.
IMPORTANT! Do not over-tighten the nuts
for the guide pins to avoid pressing the
valve guides in the cylinder head.
3. Brush a little oil on the inner diameter of the mill-
ing head. Make sure that the cylinder head sur-
face is completely clean and carefully bring down
the milling head on the guide plate with a turning
movement so that it does not clench.
4. Put the spring and nut in position and tighten the
nut slightly.
Repairs
5. Turn the milling tool clockwise with a uniform
movement. The cutter is fed automatically in that
the nut follows the movement and presses the
spring together.
6. Turn the tool round until it stops cutting. Remove
the nut and lift up the milling head.
7. Clean the cylinder head carefully. Check the
depth of the grooves by replacing the milling head
without the spring and nut and turning it a few
turns with hand pressure. If the tool does not cut,
the grooves are the correct depth. This check
should always be conducted because metal shav-
ings can get under the milling head collar. The
burrs on the edges of the grooves should be left.
Removing these burrs can damage the edges, ad-
versely affecting the sealing function of the
grooves.
Replacing tool unit
1. Unscrew the lock screw a few turns and screw
the adjusting screw up so that the tool holder can
be removed from the milling head.
2. The tool holders are marked with a letter (A, B, C
or D) and the corresponding letter is punched in
the tool head where the tool holder should be
placed.
NOTE! The two socket head screws in the tool
holder must not be moved.
27
Repairs

3. Put the tool holders in the milling head according
to the letter markings and with the grooves
turned towards the lock screws. Adjust the tool
height according to previous instructions.
4. Move the valve sideways in the direction of the
outlet and inlet channels. Read off the valve on
the dial indicator.
Wear tolerances:
Inlet valve max. clearance 0.2 mm (0.0079")
Outlet valve max. clearance 0.3 mm (0.0118")
If these values are exceeded the valve guides
should be replaced.

Valve guides, replacing

Special tools: 102/3-series: 9991084, 9996668,
9996669
122-series: 9991084, 9992953
1. Press out the valve guides with drift 9991084.

Valve guides, inspection

Special tools: 9989876, 9999696
To determine the wear on the valve guides a new
valve is put in the guide and the clearance is meas-
ured with a dial indicator.

1. Remove the stud for the injector yoke and place

the cylinder head on a level surface so that it
rests on the valve guides. Pressing out valve guide

Block up one edge of the cylinder head to ensure

that it is stable.
2. Oil in the new valve guides.
2. Put a new valve in the valve guide so that the
valve stem rests on the surface. NOTE! There are different types of valve guides,
see Figure.
3. Place a dial indicator with magnetic stand so that
the tip of the indicator is in contact with the edge
of the valve.

A = Guide for inlet valve*

B = Guide for outlet valve*
* For TAMD102/3 this guide is shorter than for the other engines.

28
 Repairs

3. Press in the guides with drift 9996668 (inlet) and
9996669 (outlet) for the 102/3 series, and
9992953 for the 122 series. The tools give the
correct height over the cylinder head’s spring
plane.
1. Remove the old valve seat by grinding two dia-
metrical notches in the seat and then cracking it
with a chisel, see Figure
IMPORTANT! Observe care to avoid dam-
aging the cylinder head.

Pressing in valve guide

A. 102/3: 9996668 (IN), 9996669 (OUT)
122: 9992953

Removing valve seat

4. Ream the valve guides if necessary. Clearance

valve – valve guide: see Workshop Manual,
Technical data.
2. Clean the seat recess carefully and check the
cylinder head for cracks.
3. Measure the diameter of the valve seat recess.
Examine if a seat of standard size or oversize
should be used. If necessary machine the valve
seat recess.
4. Cool the seat in dry ice to minus 60 –70°C (mi-
nus 76 –94°F) and warm the cylinder head with
hot water or otherwise. Press in the seat with a
drift.
5. Machine the seat to the correct angle and width.

Valve seats, replacement

The valve seat should be replaced when the distance
(A), measured with a new valve, exceeds 2.5 mm
(0.098") for the 102/3 series and 1.5 mm (0.059") for
the 122 series.
This measurement refers to both inlet and outlet
valves.

29
Repairs

Valve seats and valves, grinding 3.
The valve guides should be inspected, and replaced if
the wear tolerances have been exceeded, before
grinding.
Check the fit with marking dye. In the event of
poor fit, grind the valve seat again and inspect
again.

Valve springs, inspection

Check the length of the valve springs, unloaded and
loaded. Use a spring gauge. The springs should main-
tain the values given in the Workshop Manual, Tech-
nical data.

Valve and valve seat

A. 102/3 series: 1.20–1.70 mm (0.05–0.07"),
max. 2.5 mm (0.098")
122 series: 0.20–1.20 mm (0.008–0.05")
max. 1.5 mm (0.59")
B. 3–4 mm (0.1181–0.1575")
C. Inlet = 30°, outlet = 45°
D. Inlet = 29.5 °. outlet = 44.5°

1. Ream or grind the valve seats (just enough to en-

sure the correct shape and good contact) The
seat angle should be 45 and 30°.
NOTE! If the size “A” (see Figure below) for the
102/3 series exceeds 2.5 mm (0.098"), measured
with new valve, the valve seat should be re-
placed. The corresponding size for the 122 series
is 1.5 mm (0.059").
Spring gauge
2. Clean the valves and machine grind. Set the
grinding machine to 44.5 and 29.5°. Grind just
enough to ensure that surface becomes “clean”. If
the thickness of the disc edge is less than 1.4
mm (0.055") (outlet) and 1.9 mm (0.075") (inlet)
after grinding, the valve should be scrapped.
Valves with crooked stems should also be
scrapped.

Rocker arm mechanism,

inspection
Special tools: 9992267, 9992677
1. Remove the lock rings, rocker arms and shaft.
2. Clean the parts, observing special care with the
oil channel in the bearing housing and the oil
holes in the rocker arm shaft and rocker arms.

30
 Repairs

Cylinder head, assembly

If the injector’s copper sleeve need replacing, see
Workshop Manual, Fuel system.

1. 122 series: Place the lower valve spring washers

on the cylinder head. There are no such washers
in the 102/3 series.
2. TAMD102/3: Apply grease on the lip of the valve
shaft seal and fit the inlet valve’s guide. Tap it
down with an appropriate sleeve so that the seal
stops against the cylinder head.

Rocker arm mechanism

3. Check the wear on the rocker arm shaft and ball

pin. The threads should be undamaged on the ball
pin and lock nut. The rocker arm’s mating surface
to the valve cap should be worn or pitted. Minor
wear can be adjusted can be adjusted in a grind-
ing ma chine. Check the tightness of the hat
plugs in the shaft ends. Valve shaft seal, TAMD102/103
4. Out-of round worn rocker arm bushings are re-
placed. Press out the bushing with drift 9992677,
using drift 9992267 as a backstop.
3. Oil in the valve stems and fit the valves in their
Press in the new bushing with drift 9992677. guides. Fit the springs and top washers.
Make sure that the oil hole comes opposite the oil
channel in the rocker arm. 4. Press the springs together with a valve spring
compressor and fit the valves locks. Put on the
Ream the bushing once it is pressed in. Remove valve caps.
any shavings.
5. If the cylinder head’s cleaning plugs have been
5. Oil in the shaft and assemble the parts. removed, make sure that the sealing surfaces are
well cleaned.
Put on new gaskets. Tightening the plugs with a
torque of 60 Nm (44 lbf.ft).

IMPORTANT! The plugs must not be ma-

chine tightened.

Cleaning plug

31
Repairs

Cylinder head, assembly 4. Put the cylinder head on the block.

Special tools: 9992479, 9989876 5. Check the cylinder head screws.
102/3-series: 9992666 (2 pcs)
IMPORTANT! The screws are phosphated
122-series: 9998043 (2 pcs)
and must not be cleaned with a wire brush.
1. Clean the cylinder block surface with a brass If there are cut marks under the screw
brush. Make sure not to scratch the surfaces. heads or in the threads they should be
2. Check the height of the cylinder liner over the replaced with new ones.
block plane, see Cylinder linesr and pistons,
assembly.
Correct height over block plane,
102 series: 0.15–0.20 mm (0.0060–0.0079")
103 series: 0.14–0.19 mm (0.0055–0.0075")
122 series: 0.47–0.52 mm (0.0185–0.0205")

Cylinder head screws

A. 102/3: 9992666
122: 9998043
Submerge the cylinder head screws (including
heads) in antirust agent, part No. 282036-3 (or a
mixture of 75% Tectyl 511 and 25% paraffin). The
screws should not drip when fitted (otherwise oil
can be forced up and seen as leakage).

3. Put new sealing rings and new cylinder head gas-

ket on the cylinder block.
102/3 series: Clean the mating surfaces for the
insert seals between the heads, using fine emery
paper.

Tightening torque for cylinder head screws,

102/3 series

Cylinder head gasket and sealing rings, 102/3 series Tightening torque for cylinder head screws, 122 series

32
 Repairs

6. 102/3 series: Tighten the cylinder head screws as Valves, adjusting

per the diagram (see Figure on last page) in four
stages. IMPORTANT! The clearance must never be
st
1 tightening 50 Nm (37 lbf.ft) checked when the engine is running, but should
2nd tightening 200 Nm (148 lbf.ft) be checked when the engine is idle, cold, or at
3rd tightening 370 Nm (273 lbf.ft) running temperature.
4th tightenign, angular tightening 90° Valve clearance,
7. 122 series: Tighten the cylinder head screws as Inlet, TAMD102A/D,
per the diagram (see Figure on last page) in four TAMD103A, TAMD122P: 0.50 mm (0.020")
stages. Other engines: 0.40 mm (0.016")
1st tightening 50 Nm (37 lbf.ft) Outlet, TAMD102A/D,
2nd tightening 150 Nm (111 lbf.ft) TAMD103A, TAMD122P: 0.80 mm (0.032")
3rd tightening 190 Nm (140 lbf.ft) Other engines: 0.70 mm (0.028")
4th tightening, angular tightening 60°
Cylinder No. 6 is placed next to the flywheel.
8. 102/3 series: Fit the insert seals between the cyl-
inder heads.
NOTE! Grease or oil must not be used on the
seals. Use soapy water.
Fit the bottom parts to the valve covers.
Tighten the screws to 10 Nm (7 lbf.ft).
NOTE! Higher torque risks damaging the seal. Positioning of valves, 102/3 series

m Inlet l Outlet

Positioning of valves, 122 series

1. Remove the valve covers. Adjust the valve clear-

ance for the 1st cylinder when it is in firing posi-
Insert seals, 102/3 series tion, whereby the valves for cylinder No. 6 “rock”.
2. Turn the engine one third of a turn in the correct
direction of rotation and check the clearance for
the 5th. The valves for the 2nd thereby rock. Check
the clearance in the firing sequence for the other
9. All engines. Fit the pull rods and rocker arm cylinders.
mechanism. Adjust the valves. Put on the valve
covers. Firing sequence 1 5 3 6 2 4
10. Fit the injectors. Tightening torque 50 Nm (37 Valves that “rock”
lbf.ft). on corresponding 6 2 4 1 5 3
Fit the remaining equipment. cylinder
NOTE! The gasket between the cylinder head and
exhaust pipe is turned so that the plate covered 3. Clean the covers and fit them. Replace damaged
side comes against the exhaust pipe. gaskets. Check that no leakage occurs.

33
Repairs

Cylinder block
Cylinder liners and pistons, removing
Special tools: 9991801, 9992013, 9996394 (2 pcs),
9996395 (2 pcs), 9996645
102/3 series: 9992089, 9992666 (2 pcs)
122-serien: 9992955, 9998043 (2 pcs)
NOTE! The cylinder liners and pistons can, space per-
mitting, be removed without removing the oil pan. In
which case, work is carried out through the inspection
openings in the oil pan.
4. Remove the main bearing cap. Tap up the con-
necting rod with a hammer handle to release the
piston rings from the cylinder lining. Lift off the
piston and connecting rod.
IMPORTANT! Scrape off the soot edge in
the top part of the cylinder liner to simplify
removing the piston and connecting rod.
5. Dismantle the cylinder liner with extractor
9996645, supports 9996394 and 9996395 and
extractor plate 9992089 for the 102/3 series and
9992955 for the 122 series.

1. Remove the cylinder head, see page 23, and

where appropriate the oil pan.
NOTE! If the oil pan is removed on TMD102 the
rear inspection panel on the pan must be re-
moved first and the oil strainer unscrewed from
the pan.
Retainers 9992666 (102/3 series) and 9998043
(122 series) must be fitted if the cylinder liner is
to stay on the engine when the piston is removed
so that the liner is not moved out of position, see
Figure under Liner recess, renovation, page 36.
If the liner slides up when removing the piston the
liner should also be removed since there is a con-
siderable risk that impurities will drop down be-
tween the liner and block and cause leakage. Removing cylinder liner
2. TAMD102/3: Turn the crankshaft so that the pis-
ton for the relevant cylinder stands in the T.D.C.
Remove the piston cooling nozzle placed oppo-
site the lug on the outside of the block, see Fig-
ure On the 122 series the piston and connecting 6. Remove the lock rings for the gudgeon pin.
rod can be removed without removing the piston 7. Carefully tap out the gudgeon pin with drift
cooling nozzle. 9992013 and handle 9991801.

Piston cooling nozzle, TAMD102/3 Removing gudgeon pin

3. Turn the crankshaft until the connecting rod come 8. Remove the piston rings with a pair of piston rod
in position to remove the main bearing cap pliers.
screws. For fitting of pistons and liners, see page 39.

34
 Repairs

Cylinder liners, inspection, measuring

The inspection covers measuring the wear and check-
ing for cracks. The magnaflux method is most suita-
ble when looking for cracks.
Clean the liner carefully before measuring. A cylinder
indicator is used for accurate measuring.
The wear is normally most extensive in the top dead
centre where the temperature is highest.
Liner wear can also be determined by measuring the Flex honing of cylinder liner
piston ring gas with a new piston ring in the top dead
centre and below the bottom dead centre. The differ-
ence between the measured values is divided by 3.14,
whereby the liner wear is obtained. 1. Put the cylinder liner in a vice, see above figure.
Example: Flex honing of the cylinder liner in the block is not
recommended in view of the risk of blocking oil
Piston ring gap in unworn part = 0.60 mm (0.0236") channels and the difficulty of conducting it proper-
Piston ring gap in top dead centre =1.70 mm (0.0669") ly.
Difference 1.70 – 0.60 (0.0669 – 0.0236") = 1.10 mm
(0.0433") 2. Use a low speed drill, 200 – 400 rpm, and honing
tool of the GBD127 (5") type, size 80 for the
Diameter wear: 1.10 (0.0433") = 0.35 mm (0.0138") 102/3 series and, and GBD140 5 ½") for the 122
3.14 series.
The cylinder liner is lubricated with thin engine oil
If the liner wear is 0.40–0.45 mm (0.0157– 0.0177")
before and during honing. The honing tool is
the liner unit should be replaced.
moved in and out of the liner with 60 strokes/
Pistons and liners are only sold as complete units. minute (one inward and outward movement per
second).
3. The honing pattern on the cylinder liner is careful-
ly calculated to ensure an optimum life span, see
figure below.

Measuring piston clearance

Cylinder liners, flex honing

It is important to ensure good lubrication and sealing it
is important that the cylinder wall has its original hon-
ing pattern, see figure. It is therefore appropriate to
hone the cylinder wall if,
– the cylinder liner is scratched (ring cutting, dirt)
– the cylinder liner has bright patches (polishing)

35
Repairs
When honing in connection with replacing piston
rings the original honing pattern must be carefully
followed to retain the lubricating function.
The honing must be conducted uniformly and cut
equally in both directions over the complete cylin-
der liner.
NOTE! The correct speed must be maintained to
obtain the correct pattern.
4. It is very important to clean the liner well with hot
water, a brush and detergent (never use solvent,
paraffin or diesel oil) after honing. Dry the liner
with paper or a rag that does not fluff, and then
lubricate the liner with thin engine oil.
2.
3.
Liner recess, renovation
Special tools: 9989876, 9992479.
102/3-series: 9992666, 9999511, 9999551
122-series: 9999902, 9999903, 9998043
Remove the bottom liner seals from the cylinder
block.
Examine the top liner recess mating plane with marker
dye. In the event of uncertainty concerning the degree
of wear, see Fitting of cylinder liners and pistons.
If there is negligible damage use grinding paste to ad-
just, see item 6. If there is more extensive damage
use milling tool 9999551 (102/3 series) and 9999902
(122 series) to adjust as follows:
1. Clamp the liner in the block (without sealing rings)
and measure the height of the liner as per the fig-
ure (zero the dial indicator to the cylinder block).
A. 102/3: 9992666
122: 9998043
36
Correct height over the block plane:
102 series: 0.15–0.20 mm (0.0060–0.0079")
103 series: 0.14–0.19 mm (0.0055–0.0075")
122 series: 0.47–0.52 mm (0.0185–0.0205")
Removed material can be compensated for with
shims, which are available in thicknesses of 0.20,
0.30, 0.50 mm (0.0079, 0.0118 and 0.0197"). The
smallest possible number of shims should be
used. Calculate the thickness of the shims with
respect to the extent of the damage and the
height of the liner over the block plane.
NOTE! If shims are used the liner recesses must
be machined to a certain extent, even if the liner
recesses in the cylinder block are undamaged, in
that the fillet radius at the bottom of the liner re-
cesses must be removed for the shim to achieve
correct contact.
Before milling the liner recess the surface should
be roughened up with emery paper to preserve
the sharpness of the tool, especially if the sur-
face has previously been ground with grinding
paste.
The bottom liner seals should be fitted in the
block to improve guiding the milling tool.
Set up milling tool 9999551 for the 102/3 series
and 9999902 for the 122 series. Make sure that
the tool collar does not catch on intermediate wall
in the block.
Tool for renovating liner recess
102/3 series: 999 9551.
122-series: 999 9902.
 Repairs

4. Position the milling tool and yoke. The tool is Cylinder block, surface grinding
fixed on the cylinder block with screws, and ap-
propriate flat washers are placed under the screw When grinding the surface block make sure not to go
heads. Make sure that the feed screw presses on below the minimum measurements.
the tool.
5. Use a dial indicator as per the figure and screw
down the feed sleeve so that it presses lightly on
the tool. Zero the dial indicator.
A T-bar with ¾" connection and a 25 mm (0.984")
sleeve is used to turn the tool.
The tool should be turned with a uniform move-
ment while turning the feed sleeve.
Stop the feed and turn the tool a few turns.
Check the mating surface of the liner recess and
the height of the step edge at regular intervals.
The milling is stopped when 0.02 mm (0.0008")
remains to the correct height.
A = Height over block plane – crankshaft centre
6. Coat the underside of the liner collar with grinding 102/3: Min. 438.8 mm (17.276").
paste. 122: Min. 463.8 mm (18.260”)
Fit the liner and turn it backwards and forwards B = Height, lower block plane – crankshaft centre
until the grinding paste is spent (use tool 9999511 102/3, 122: Min. 120 mm (4.724")
for the 102/3 series and 999903 for the 122 se-
ries. Remove the liner and wipe off the grinding NOTE! After grinding the upper block plane the piston
paste. Repeat the grinding until a good mating height must be measured as per the instructions, see
surface is obtained. Cylinder liners and pistons, assembly, item 15.

7. Check the mating surface with marker dye on the

liner recess. Turn the liner backwards and for-
wards. Mark the liner so that when it is put back it Pistons, inspection
comes in the same position.
Inspect the pistons for cracks and other damage. If
8. Carefully clean all parts. the pistons have deep lines in the jacket surface the
pistons (liner unit) must be scrapped. The same ap-
plies if the pistons have one or more cracks in the
gudgeon pin hole or in the bottom of the combustion
chamber. Cracks in the edge of the piston top round
the combustion chamber are as a rule not serious.
The lime powder method is used to check for cracks.
Note! If there are cracks in the pistons the injection
volume should also be checked.
In similarity with cylinder liners the pistons are
classed, which implies that pistons should be fitted in
the corresponding class of cylinder liner. Pistons and
cylinder liners are only supplied as spare parts in one
complete unit.

Piston rings, inspection

Inspect the wear on surfaces and sides. Black patch-
es on the surfaces imply poor contact, and that the
piston rings should be replaced. The oil consumption
also is also a decisive factor for when piston rings
should be replaced.
In general piston rings should be replaced if there is
noticeable wear or ovality in the cylinders, since the
rings seldom go back in the same position they had
before they were removed.

37
Repairs
Check the piston ring gap, see figure. The ring is
pushed down below the bottom dead centre with a
piston for the measurement. Replace piston rings if
the gap is 1.5 mm (0.0591") or more.
Check the piston gap on new rings also. For measure-
ments, see Workshop Manual, Technical data.
Checking of piston ring gap
Connecting rods, inspection
Inspect for cracks. Check linearity and distortion. Lin-
earity, max. deviation: 0.05 mm (0.0020") per 100
mm (3.937"). Distortion, max deviation: 0.1 mm
(0.0039") per 100 mm (3.937"). The measurement is
conducted in a fixture for inspecting connecting rods.
Crooked or distorted connecting rods are scrapped. In-
spect the connecting rod bushing, appropriately by us-
ing the gudgeon pin as a gauge. The must be no no-
ticeable play.
38
Connecting rod bushings,
replacement
Special tools: 9991801,
102-series: 9992529
122-series: 9992952
1. Press out the old bushing with drift 9992529 (102
series) and 9992952 (122 series).
Pressing out connecting rod bushing
2. Draw a line over the hole on the new bushing and
connecting rod. Use a felt-tip pen.
3. Heat up the connecting rod to approx. 100°C
(212°F).
4. Press the new bushing carefully into the connect-
ing rod. Use the same drift for pressing out.
NOTE! Check that the hole in the bushing corre-
sponds with the oil channel in the connecting rod.
5. After pressing in the bushing it is reamed. An
oiled gudgeon pin should slowly slide through the
bushing by virtue of its own weight if the fit is cor-
rect.

Pistons, rings and connecting rods,
assembly
Special tools: 9991801, 9992013
1. Fit one of the lock rings.
2. Oil in the gudgeon pin and connecting rod bush-
ing.
3. Heat up the piston to approx. 100°C (212°F). Po-
sition the piston and connecting rod so that the
piston’s and connecting rod’s “Front” markings
face the same direction. Press in the gudgeon pin
with drift 9992013 and standard handle 9991801.
NOTE! The gudgeon pin should be able to be
pressed in easily, it must not be knocked in.
4. Fit the other lock ring.
5 Check that the connecting rod is not stiff in the
gudgeon pin bearing.
6. Press in the new piston rings in the cylinder liner.
See the last figure in section Cylinder liners,
flex honing, page 35.
7. Fit the piston rings on the piston with a pair of
piston ring pliers so that the markings face up-
wards. The opening in the expander spring should
be placed opposite the oil ring gap.
Repairs
Cylinder liners and pistons, assembly
Special tools: 9992479, 9989876, 9996599, 9992000,
885126
102-series: 9992666, 9999511
122-series: 9998043, 9999903
1. Carefully clean the liner recess in the cylinder
block. The sealing surfaces must be completely
free from rust and deposits. Use detergent and a
brass brush, and blow dry with compressed air.
NOTE! Do not use a scraper.
Clean also the groove for the bottom liner seals.
2. Apply a thin layer of marker dye to the underside
of the liner flange.
Push down the liner in its recess without inserting
the sealing rings, and turn it slightly on its collar.
Use expander 9999511 for the 102 series and
9999903 for the 122 series.
A. 102: 999 9511
122: 999 9903
3. Pull up the liner and examine whether the dye has
rubbed off on the entire collar surface. If the
marking dye should indicate poor fit, grinding
paste can be used to adjust minor damage. In the
event of serious damage the liner recess must be
machined with a special milling tool and removed
material compensated for with steel shims. See
Liner recess, renovation.
39
Repairs

4. Clamp the liner in the block (without sealing rings)

and measure the liner height as per the figure
(zero the dial indicator clock to the cylinder
block).
Correct height over the block plane
102-series: 0.15–0.20 mm (0.0060–0.0079")
122-series: 0.47–0.52 mm (0.0185–0.0205")

Sealant on the liner collar if no shims are required.

Sealant on the liner recess if shims are required.

After applying the sealant the liner must be posi-

tioned within 20 minutes. The liner must be
clamped, and not released until the cylinder head
is put in position.
When inserting the pistons, or if the engine is
Measuring liner height turned round, all the cylinder liners must be
clamped to prevent movement between cylinder
A. 102: 9992666
122: 9998043
liner and cylinder block.
9. Place a new sealing ring under the liner collar.
NOTE! The ring should be dry (not lubricated).
10. Fit the cylinder liner in the cylinder block as per
the markings. Tap down the liner with plate
9996599 and handle 992000.

5. Mark up the position of the cylinder liner to the

cylinder block with a colour pen. Remove the
press tool and lift up the cylinder liner.
6. Fit new sealing rings in the cylinder block.
NOTE! Lubricate the rings with the lubricant in-
cluded in the pack with the rings.
For positioning of the rings, see the installation
instruction in the pack.
7. Clean the cylinder liner collar well. The liner
should be dry and free from grease. Use a de-
greasing agent such as paraffin.
8. Apply a uniform, max. 0.8 mm (0.0315") wide,
string of sealant (1161277-7) on the cylinder liner.
NOTE! If shims are used for the liner the string of
sealant is applied on the liner recess in the cylin-
der block.
NOTE! No sealant between the shims and liner
collar.

40
 Repairs

11. Fit the clamp on the liner.
12. Put the bearing shells in their positions in the
connecting rod and cap. Check that the hole in
the bearing shell comes opposite the hole in the
connecting rod.
Lubricate the piston and big end bearing with en-
gine oil and turn the rings so that the piston ring
gaps are evenly distributed round the piston.
13. Check that the arrow on the piston top and the
connecting rod’s “FRONT” marking are turned in
the same direction. Fit the piston and connecting
rod in the respective cylinders so that the arrow
on the piston top points forwards. Use piston ring
compressor 885126.
15. Turn the flywheel until the piston comes to the
top position. Check the height of the piston over
the cylinder block plane.
Place a dial indicator in a magnetic stand and
zero to the cleaned cylinder block plane.
Release the magnetic stand and place the tip of
indicator against the piston.
Max. height of piston over block plane: 0.55 mm
(0.0217").

Measuring height of piston

16. Fit the piston cooling nozzle if it has been re-

moved.
NOTE! Use new screw.
14. Screw tight the main bearing cap as per the mark-
ings.
NOTE! There are two versions of screws. Differ-
ent tightening procedures are applied, see below.

New version Previous version

1st tightening: 40 Nm (30 lbf.ft) Tightening torque

2nd tightening: 75 Nm (55 lbf.ft) 230 Nm (170 lbf.ft)
3rd tightening: 90° angular
tightening

In the event angular tightening cannot be imple-

mented, a torque of 260 Nm (192 lbf.ft) should be
applied.

41
Repairs

Timing gears 4. Dip a new felt ring and rubber ring in oil and fit
them with drift 9996795. Tap in the rubber ring
Front crankshaft seals, replacement first.

Special tools: 9992655, 9996795, 9992656

1. Remove the vibration damper.
2. Remove the polygon hub’s centre screw, remove
the washer, and pull of the hub with extractor
9992655.

1 2

FRONT

1. Felt ring
2. Rubber ring

5. Fit the polygon hub and flywheel damper, see As-

Removing polygon hub sembly of timing gear cover.

3. Tap in the sealing rings on one side so that they

angle out. Carefully bend out the rings with a
screwdriver.

Timing gear cover, removing

Special tools: 9992655
1. Remove the drive belts for the alternator. Release
the belt tensioner and remove the drive belts for
the coolant pump.
2. Remove the brackets for the heat exchanger.
Front crankshaft seal
3. Remove the pulley from the alternator’s and cool-
ant pump’s drive output. Release the oil pipe from
the drive output. Remove the two top nuts on the
drive output.
4. Remove the flywheel damper and pulley where
appropriate.
NOTE! The vibration damper must not be
knocked since its characteristics can be com-
pletely changed if the shape or volume of the
carefully balanced fluid chamber is changed.

42

5. Remove the polygon hub’s centre screw, remove
the washer, and pull of the hub with extractor
9992655.
Removing polygon hub
6. Remove the screws that hold the timing gear cov-
er. Do not forget the screws for the oil pan. Care-
fully tap off the timing gear cover.
IMPORTANT! Make sure not to damage the
oil pan gasket. Otherwise, the oil pan must
be removed and gasket replaced.
Timing gear cover, assembly
Special tools: 9992656, 1158959
For replacement of front crankshaft seals, see the
previous page.
1. Clean the mating surfaces on the timing gear
cover and the timing gear casing. Scrape off all
residual sealant.
Repairs
2. Apply a string of sealant (1161231-4) on the tim-
ing gear cover, see figure. Apply Permatex on the
oil pan gasket.
3. Oil in the sealing rings for the crankshaft.
4. Fit the cover within 20 minutes.
Tightening torque: 40 Nm (30 lbf.ft).
5. Check the polygon hub and its mating surface on
the crankshaft. Cut marks can be removed with
fine emery paper. Grease in the crankshaft jour-
nal with molybdenum disulphide. Fit the centring
part for tool 9992656 on the crankshaft journal.
Fitting of centring part for drift 9992656
43
Repairs

6. Heat the polygon hub to approx. 100°C (212°F). Timing gears, removing
Quickly tap on the hub with drift 9992656, see fig-
(With timing gear cover removed)
ure.
Special tool: 9992658

WARNING! If the crankshaft and camshaft are

turned without being synchronised to each other
the valves can be damaged.

1. Remove the rear valve cover. Turn the crankshaft

until the valves for cylinder No. 6 “rock” and the
flywheel is at 0°.
2. Remove the screws that hold the camshaft gear
and the injection pump gear. Remove the gears.

Fitting polygon hub

7. Fit the washer and centre screw, and tighten the

hub while it is still hot. Tightening torque: 400 Nm
(295 lbf.ft) When the hub has cooled re-tighten
the screw to a torque of 550 Nm (406 lbf.ft). Removing camshaft gear

3. Remove the intermediate gear and its bearing

journal when the three screws have been re-
leased.
4. Remove the crankshaft gear with extractor
9992658.

Tightening polygon hub

A. Torque multiplier 1158959

Removing crankshaft gear

8. Fit the flywheel damper and pulley. Tightening

torque 60 Nm (44 lbf.ft). Fit the remaining equip- If the oil pump gear is damaged the oil pump
ment. must be removed and the gear replaced.

44
 Repairs

Timing gears, inspection
NOTE! TAMD102D and TAMD122P-A/P-B/P-C.
The timing gears on these engines are nitro-carbu-
rized. The gears are marked “N” or “NITRO”. They can
also be recognised by their dull grey or yellow-grey
colour.
2. Check that the camshaft gear’s guide pin is fitted.
Fit the camshaft gear. Do not tighten the screws.
3. Fit the intermediate gear as per the markings, see
figure. The bearing shell and thrust washer are
placed as per the figure. Tightening torque 60 Nm
(44 lbf.ft).

WARNING! Nitro-carburized gears must not be

fitted together with induction hardened (temper-
ed) gears marked “HT”.
Case-hardened gears, marked “CH”, can be
used in all gear combinations.

Clean the gears and other parts of the timing gears

and inspect carefully. Replace gears that are severely
worn or damaged.
For measurements, see the Workshop Manual, Tech-
nical data.

Timing gears, basic setting

Transmission gears, assembly

Special tool: 999 2659

WARNING! If the crankshaft and camshaft are

turned without being synchronised with each
other the valves can be damaged.

All gears in the timing gears that are of importance for

the setting are marked with punch marks opposite the Intermediate gear
tooth and tooth gap (figure under item 3)

1. Check that the crankshaft key is fitted. Fit the

crankshaft gear with tool 9992659.
NOTE! The larger thread on the tool’s spindle fits
in the crankshaft. Hold the tool’s spindle so that
the crankshaft does not turn (with possible valve
damage as a result).
NOTE! Make sure that the crankshaft gear mesh-
es in the oil pump gear if this is fitted.
4. Check that the guide pin is fitted in the shaft for
the injection pump, and fit the pump gear. Make
sure that the markings correspond with the figure.
Tighten the camshaft gear and pump gear. Tight-
ening toque 45 Nm (33 lbf.ft) for 3/8" screws, and
60 Nm (44 lbf.ft)* for M10 screws.
5. Check the camshaft’s axial clearance:
0.05–0.18 mm (0.0020–0.0071"). Radial
clearance: 0.03–0.09 mm (0.0012–0.0035").
6. Check the intermediate gear’s axial clearance:
0.05–0.15 mm (0.0020–0.0059"). Radial clear-
ance: 0.03–0.09 mm (0.0012–0.0035").
* Note. 60 Nm (44 lbf.ft) applies to the camshaft gear. 70 Nm (52
lbf.ft) is applicable for the injection pump gear.

Fitting of crankshaft gear

45
Repairs

7. Check the tooth flank clearance on all gears, Camshaft

0.03–0.17 mm (0.0012–0.0067").
Inspection of cam wear
(camshaft fitted)
Special tool: 9996772
1. Remove the valve covers. Remove the screws
for the rocker arm bearing supports and remove
the rocker arm mechanism. Lift out the push
rods.
2. Fit tool 9996772 at the front lifter. Adjust the
length of the pre-tensioned rod on the tool so that
it lies flush with the lifter.
A. Tooth flank clearance: 0.03–0.17 mm
(0.0012– 0.0067")

Timing gear casing, removing and

assembly
1. Remove the screws and lift off the timing gear
casing.
2. Carefully clean the mating surfaces on the engine
block and timing gear casing.
3. Apply a uniform 2 mm (0.08") string of sealant
(1161231) on the timing gear casing as per the f
igure.
4. Fit the timing gear casing within 20 minutes. Checking of lift height
Tighten the screws to a torque of 40 Nm (30
lbf.ft).

3. Turn round the engine until the rod (lifter) is in its

bottom position. Check that the rod is pre-ten-
sioned and zero the dial indicator.
4. Turn round the engine until the rod (lifter) is in its
top position. Read off the dial indicator and com-
pare with the values in the table below.
5. Fit the push rods and rocker arm bridges after
checking all the cams. Adjust the valve clear-
ance, see instructions under Valves, adjusting,
items 2.

Lift height of camshaft Min. lift height

Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet
8.6 mm 9.2 mm 8.4 mm 9.0 mm
(0.3386") (0.3622") (0.3307") (0.3543")
Dimensions in mm

46
 Repairs

Valve timing, inspection Camshaft, removing

1. Remove the front valve cover. Turn the crank- Special tools: 9992655, 9992679, 9998079
shaft until the valves for cylinder No. 1 rock, and
then turn the crankshaft in the opposite direction
of rotation until the inlet valve is completely
closed. Temporarily adjust the valve clearance for
the inlet valve to ±0 mm (±0").
2. Place dial indicator with the measuring point to
the top valve spring washer. Mount the clock with
a pre-tension of approx. 5 mm (0.20").
3. Note the dial indicator while a co-worker contin-
ues to turn the engine round in the direction of ro-
tation. The dial indicator gives a reading when the
inlet valve begins to open. Set the indicator’s
1/100 scale to zero at precisely this opening
point.
4. Continue turning the engine past the 0° marking
on the flywheel until the marking for 10° after
T.D.C. Make sure that the degrees for the setting Camshaft
stands opposite the flywheel casing’s pointer.
5. Check that the dial clock indicator reading corre-
sponds with the valve given in the Workshop
Manual, Technical data.
1. Remove the valve covers.
2. Release and remove the rocker arm mechanism.
3. Lift out the lifter rods.
4. Release and remove the three inspection panels
opposite the valve lifters. Lift up the valve lifters
and place them in order in a rack.
5. Conduct the work as per items 1 to 6 under the
heading “Timing gears, removing”.
6. Remove the camshaft gear, if necessary use ex-
tractor 9992679.
7. Remove the intermediate gear.
8. Remove the flange (figure to left) and lift out the
camshaft with tool 9998079 (figure to right).

Checking of valve timing

Screws for Lifting out

camshaft flange camshaft

47
Repairs

Camshaft and lifters, inspection
Check with a steel ruler that the mating surface of the
valve lifters to the camshaft is spherical (convex). It
may also be completely flat, but under no circum-
stances concave (see figure). If light can be seen in
the middle of the lifting surface between ruler and lift-
er, the lifter should be replaced.
Check the bearing races and cam curves on the cam-
shaft for wear. The cams may, for example, be worn
at an angle in axial direction. Where the damage is
slight this can be rectified by honing the cams. In the
event of further damage or wear, replace the cam-
shaft. When replacing the camshaft all the valve lift-
ers must also be replaced.

Camshaft, measuring
Measure the camshaft’s bearing races with a microm-
eter. Max. wear and ovality 0.07 mm (0.0028"). The
linearity of the shaft is checked by means of indica-
tion. Max. radial warp in relation to end bearing: 0.04
mm (0.0016"). The lifting height (cam height) is meas-
ured with a feeler gauge.
Checking of valve lifter

Measuring bearing races

A B

Slight pitting damage on valve lifter (A) and

camshaft (D).

NOTE! If the lifter is worn across the lifting surface it

should be scrapped. The “dike” shows that the lifter
has not rotated. A dark stripe on top of the lifter sur-
face, however, shows that the surface is not worn.
The condition of the valve lifters determines whether it
is necessary to check the camshaft for wear. Measuring camshaft lift C (cam height)
C=A–B
Check the lift surfaces for pitting damage. Pitting
damage can occur for different reasons, and is the re-
sult of small metal particles releasing from the hard-
ened surface. Valve lifters and camshaft with slight
pitting damage (see figure above) may be re-fitted,
since it has been proved that the damage very seldom
gets worse.

48
 Repairs

The measurements for camshaft and camshaft bear-
ings are in the Workshop Manual, Technical data. For
lifting height, see also the table on page 46.
Cam wear can be estimated without removing the
camshaft, see Inspection of cam wear, on page 46.
5. Check the camshaft’s axial clearance:
0.05–0.18 mm (0.0020–0.0071"). Radial
clearance: 0.03–0.08 mm (0.0012–0.0032").
6. Check the intermediate gear’s axial clearance:
0.05–0.15 mm (0.0020–0.0060"). Radial clear-
ance: 0.03–0.09 mm (0.0012–0.0035").
7. Check the tooth flank clearance: 0.03–0.17 mm
(0.0012–0.0067").

Camshaft bearings, replacing

The bearings are pressed into their seats and must be
bored after being pressed in. The camshaft bearings
can therefore only be replaced in connection with a
complete overhaul of the engine.
When pressing in the bearings check that the oil holes
come opposite the corresponding oil channels in the
block. Tooth flank clearance (A): 0.03–0.17 mm
(0.0012–0.0067")

8. Fit the timing gear cover. See Timing gear cov-

Camshaft, assembly er, assembly, page 43.
Special tools: 9998079, 9992656 9. Lubricate the mating surface of the valve lifters to
the camshaft with molybdenum disulphide and oil
1. Oil in the camshaft’s bearing races and care-
in the guides in the cylinder block. Fit the valve
fully lift the camshaft in position so as not
lifters in the correct order.
damage the bearings. Use tool 9998079.
10. Fit the pull rods and rocker arm mechanism.
2. Fit the flange for the camshaft. Tighten the
screws to a torque of 40 Nm (30 lbf.ft). 11. Adjust the valves, see page 33, and fit the valve
covers.
3. Turn round the engine until the 1st piston is in the
top dead centre after the compression stroke 12. Fit the remaining equipment. If necessary top up
(0° on the flywheel). with oil and coolant, and test run the engine.
4. Check that the camshaft gear’s guide pin is fitted.
Fit the camshaft gear and intermediate gear so
that the markings correspond. Tightening torque,
camshaft gear: 45 Nm (33 lbf.ft) for 3/8" screws,
and 60 Nm (44 lbf.ft) for M10 screws. Intermedi-
ate gear: 60 Nm (44 lbf.ft).

Timing gears, basic setting

49
Repairs

Crank mechanism B. Evaluate surface damage:

Crankshaft, removing
(With engine removed)
Special tool: 9992655
1. Pump out the engine oil.
2. Remove the oil pan.
NOTE! On TMD102 the rear inspection panel on
the oil pan must be removed first and the oil
strainer unscrewed from the pan.
Remove the induction and pressure pipe from oil
pan.
Oil pipe, TMD102
3. Remove the crankshaft pulley, vibration damper,
polygon hub and timing gear cover. See Timing
gear cover, removing, page 42.
4. Removing the reverse gear, flywheel and flywheel
casing.
5. Remove the main bearing and big end bearing
caps. (The oil pump is removed together with the
front main bearing cap). Lift out the crankshaft.
Crankshaft, inspection
The crankshaft is nitro-carburized. A nitro-carburized
shaft has greater resistance to fatigue and wear than
an induction hardened shaft.
The crankshaft should be inspected very carefully to
avoid unnecessary reconditioning. When evaluating
the condition of the crankshaft the following factors
should be taken into consideration:
The following is applicable for nitro-carburized shafts:
What on induction hardened crankshafts may be con-
sidered to be dirt scratches can in certain cases be
normal surface fineness as on a new crankshaft. On a
used shaft this is very pronounced as a result of the
extremely polished bearing surface. After a prolonged
period of use very small particles can release from the
thin surface layer.
This phenomenon can easily be confused with dirt
scratches, but differs from these in that they do not
go round the bearing journal and also have irregular
edges. These defects do not require re-grinding of the
crankshaft.
As a rule it is sufficient to use emery cloth and a new
bearing shell.
C. Measure the longitudinal curvature (warp) of
the crankshaft:
The shaft is placed either on a pair of V-blocks under
the 1st and 7th main bearing journals or braced between
studs. The measurement should be made on the 4th
main bearing.
The following is applicable for the measured values:
1. Below 0.2 mm (0.0079"), no alignment unless
wear of surface damage mitigates re-grinding.
2. Between 0.2–0.7 mm (0.0079–0.0276"), careful
alignment to avoid over-alignment.
NOTE! Do not align more than is absolutely nec-
essary.
3. Over 0.7 mm (0.0276"), the shaft should be
scrapped in view of the risk of cracking during
alignment.
D. Inspection for cracks:
An inspection should be made before and after align-
ing with magnetic powder of the Magnaglo type, i.e.
fluorescent powder that can be seen in ultraviolet
light. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions. When
evaluating crack the following is applicable.
1. The shaft should be scrapped if there are longitu-
dinal cracks (see figure below) on journals and in
recesses.

A. Measure the ovality, wear and conicity of the

bearing journals.
For measurements, see Workshop Manual, Technical
data.

50

2. The shaft should be scrapped if there are lateral
cracks (see figure) within the marked zone. This
refers to both big end and main bearing journals.
3. The shaft should be scrapped if there are cracks
longer than 5 mm (0.1969") in connection with lu-
bricating holes (see figure). Cracks shorter than 5
mm (0.1969") can be removed by grinding.
4. The shaft should be scrapped if there are cracks
longer than 10 mm (0.3937") outside the marked
area (see figure). Isolated cracks less than 10
mm (0.3937") can be accepted.
Repairs
Crankshaft, reconditioning
The following work order is applicable during recondi-
tioning:
1. Alignment (only if necessary).
2. Inspection for cracks.
3. Grinding.
4. Inspection for cracks.
5. New nitro-carburizing after grinding to undersize
to more than 0.50 mm (0.0197"). Nitro-c arburiz-
ing can be done with gas or salt, according to the
method and experience of mechanic.
6. Inspection of warp after nitro-carburizing.
7. Alignment if necessary (longitudinal curvature
between 0.2–0.7 mm (0.0079–0.0276").
8. Inspection for cracks.
9. Patch and clean well after nitro-carburizing. The
crankshaft should be well cleaned after recondi-
tioning.
In order to clean all oil channels efficiently later
versions of crankshafts are provided with thread-
ed plugs. These should be removed during clean-
ing (see figure).
The crankshaft should be ground to the correct under-
size, where appropriate. Make sure that the radius of
recesses are the correct size.
The intermediate main bearing journal requires special
attention in terms of the width for the axial bearing.
For measurements, see the Workshop Manual, Tech-
nical data.
51
Repairs

Crankshaft, assembly 7. Check the crankshaft’s axial clearance (see

Workshop Manual, Technical data).
Special tool: 9992656
8. Check that the “Front” markings on the connect-
1. Check the cleaning of the crankshaft’s channels ing rods face forwards.
and bearing surfaces, cylinder block and cap.
9. Screw tight the main bearing cap as per the mark-
Check the bearing shells. Replace worn bearing ings.
shells or those with flaking layer of lead-bronze. NOTE! There are two versions of screws. Differ-
2. Press the main and big end bearing caps in posi- ent tightening procedures are applied, see below.
tion. Make sure that the lubricating holes in the
upper bearing shells come opposite the oil chan-
nels and that the bearing shells and their mating
surfaces have no burrs or upset ends. Oil in the New version Previous version
bearings.
3. Lubricate the bearing journals with engine oil and
lift the crankshaft carefully in position. Make sure
that the markings on the timing gear correspond if 1st tightening: 40 Nm (30 lbf.ft) Tightening torque 230 Nm
the gears are in place. 2nd tightening: 75 Nm (55 lbf.ft) (170 lbf.ft)
4. Fit the thrust washers for the intermediate main 3rd tightening: 90° angular tightening
bearing (axial bearing). The washers can only be
fitted in one position (see figure).

10. Fit the oil pipes and the oil pan, see Workshop
Manual, Lubricating system.

Guide for axial bearing

5. Fit the main bearing cap. The intermediate cap is

provided with a recess, which is turned so that it
comes over the guide pin. This ensures that the
bearing cap will always be placed in the correct
axial position. Note the number of the main bear-
ing cap, which indicates the positioning.
6. Fit the main bearing screws after oiling in the
threads. Tightening torque: 340 Nm (250 lbf.ft).
Main bearing, replacing
(crankshaft not removed)
1. Drain off the engine oil. Remove the oil pan (or re-
moved the oil pan’s inspection panels).
2. Release the main bearing screws and remove the
main bearing cap with bearing shell. The front
main bearing cap can be removed together with
the oil pump.
3. Release the injectors so that it is easy to turn the
engine round.

52
 Repairs

4. Turn the crankshaft until its oil hole is exposed. 2. Remove the crankshaft seal with tool 885341 and
Place an appropriate pin in the oil hole so that impact hammer 9996400.
when the crankshaft is turned the upper bearing
shell follow with it, see figure.
NOTE! The engine is turned in the normal direc-
tion of rotation when rolling out the bearing shell.

Removing rear crankshaft seal

Replacing upper main bearing shell

3. Carefully clean the mating surfaces between

crankshaft and flywheel. Clean also the sealing
5. Wipe clean the bearing journal and inspect for ring’s mating surface in the housing.
cracks. If there is excessive wear or ovality the 4. Oil in the new sealing ring and fit it with drift
crankshaft must be ground. 9996088 and handle 9992000.
6. Fit the new bearing shells in the same way as
they were removed. The shaft is turned in the op-
posite direction of rotation. Check that the lugs
pressed out of the shells come right. Fit the lower
bearing and cap. Tighten the screws to a torque
of 340 Nm (250 lbf.ft).
7. Fit the oil pipes and where appropriate the oil pan,
see Workshop Manual, Lubricating system.

Rear crankshaft seal, replacing

Special tools: 885341, 9996088, 9996400, 9992000
1. Mark up the position of the flywheel in relation to Fitting of rear crankshaft seal
the crankshaft (simplifies fitting). Remove the fly-
wheel.

5. Fit the flywheel as per the previous markings.

Tightening torque: 175 Nm (130 lbf.ft).

53
Repairs

Flywheel ring, replacing Polish up the ring at a number of points to check

the heat, whereby at the correct temperature
1. Mark up the position of the flywheel in relation to (180–200°C (356–392°F)) the surface will be-
the crankshaft (simplifies fitting). Remove the fly- come blue and the heating should be stopped.
wheel.

2. Drill 1–2 holes in a tooth gap on the ring. Crack 5. Place the heated ring on the flywheel. Tap on the
the ring at the drilled hole with a chisel and then ring with a soft drift and a hammer.
remove the ring.

3. Brush clean the mating surface with a wire brush.
4. Heat up the new ring with a welding flame. Heat
uniformly. Observe care to avoid overheating, and
loss of temper.
6. Clean the mating surfaces between crankshaft
and flywheel carefully.
7. Inspect, and where appropriate replace the seal-
ing ring for the crankshaft.
8. Fit the flywheel as per the previous markings.
Tightening torque: 175 Nm (130 lbf.ft).

54
 Repairs

Flywheel, inspection 2. Place the magnetic fixture on the flywheel and

set the dial indictor tip to the inner edge of the fly-
Special tools: 9989876, 9999696 wheel casing. Turn round the flywheel and read
1. Place the dial indicator with the tip to the fly- off the dial indicator.
wheel. The measurement of the centring in relation to the
flywheel must not exceed 0.25 mm (0.0098"). If
one of the measured values as per item 1 and 2
should exceed the maximum value the mating
surface of the flywheel casing to the cylinder
block should be inspected.

NOTE! If the flywheel casing is manufactured in alu-

minium the magnetic fixture must be placed in another
position.

2. Turn round the flywheel and read off the maxi-

mum and minimum valves. The warp must not
exceed 0.16 mm (0.0063") for a measurement ra-
dius of 150 mm (5.906"). If the warp is more than
this, remove the flywheel and examine if there is
dirt or irregularities between the flywheel and
crankshaft flange.
Flywheel casing, removing/assembly
(Removed flywheel)
Flywheel casing, removing/assembly 1. Remove the flywheel casing from the cylinder
Special tools: 9989876, 9999696 block.
1. Place the magnetic fixture on the flywheel and 2. Clean off sealant from the cylinder block and fly-
place the dial indicator’s tip to the back edge of wheel casing.
the flywheel casing (see figure). Turn round and 3. Apply a uniform 2 mm (0.08") thick string of seal-
calculate the difference between the maximum ant, part No. 1161231-4, as per the diagram, on
and minimum valves. Move the magnetic fixture the flywheel casing.
to the diametrically opposite side of the flywheel
and repeat the measurement. The difference be- 4. Fit the flywheel casing on the cylinder block with-
tween these two measurements must not exceed in 20 minutes. Tightening torque: 140 Nm (103
0.15 mm (0.0060"). lbf.ft).

Application of sealant (size in mm)

55
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AB Volvo Penta
Service Communication
Dept. 42200
SE-405 08 Göteborg
Sweden
7739945-9 English 02–2012