Rasrdor Variables find. Qubibublon Functions A Romeo Vaxiolle:- A svamdem Vausble, eo | fumelion thot osmgnu oe deol Yowwber x(4) | to wouy unwumt of AES) wu “6 la sone Aours Cecaonsiig Yo oy samdom eahuumneink | Cromble:- tot “e" be adodson expuument of two doer oi ‘w tom: ‘Thun’ $= Dawe, WT ee We oy dubime somdom Variable “x heh duvets to yuunbor of Intads- Ouktowe: oy TTR TT | Nolue of x- 2 “ VO, / * Oisgnele stomdomn Vorsioble 1- A atamdomn Voxuable “se” which Com take onky. o piwicke nombue oh dubilt Values am om -imbuwal 4 Colbigl a \ duAvele stamdown Naxtuobbe- Ex: The scomdom Vasinble demiling Yu uum of Audis in ar clase- : ‘whith Com take oll Valu imam intuvel - ‘y" da tolkid a Covbinous pelea Va@wobde. "fex:s To hugh x" oh a dludiml imo» povdieulan: “ thous way be Atv 1 fel amd 4 feel % Prabal, Hoss fumelion [PM P):- ah” iva, davuk xamdom Vaualle urd foule out Come , ithe rnbobulityy of roach frouible oul cowe Ke de PUK) = PREY. yr for ease = Ah Ae unlu PL Lenya ce Aalishies the two Cenditions * Pls i) 20 Vi yk 2 = Pasa. f Then “the junction PU) a Cold PMPCon) PPP. frobalWitty * poi! huvction - % Poabalidy Denciy pumction (PDD :~Conidon thre e ARO tual (eae, mde) gh demgth dx _ aaund the Iapinit ee" Lak, Ath) be Onvwy Cowie huvtioe of xe” So nat , He) ae) gupmecine the focally that tne Nuable “x Polls um the infin Bimal inva (e- dx, eva), Sywbolically ak Conn be - uxpuussed ax p(x ax 2X « Brae) = 4G) de: iL Tham $l) a4 Collect POF. The Por of a Samdom Varioble “sé damit by 40%) : . . i ity faa tne. bollpinig haha Kiqou* buy 20 We eRe * frmar ev *& Pla Plmexebe= Nee eee oo: > Plaexcl) * Gumuatin. dishibution puwstisn a4 ie" 4 ay 1 didcrete Howdom, Voniable thon the Ciumulativg * disbubution humetion 4 Oda dehiad by i FRe)= P(x 42) = 5= Poa) . , | Puss ‘ 7] The Cumulative diitiubuitten junction 8h the Conbinens omdemn Nauoble “be? ua: duunated. voy 4X) amd tu esta a $09 = J peo ax opto Pah 2 A: A xomdem Newunlle. >! vos, Ane ii i funckion x DL km seek. ; Pw. o se 2k Me ae ie at. Ales | i) duad k 4 ii) Ealuote PLX<6) , Pox2t) amd Plo abt fred, “MUundrrrum Nol. of a . iW) Delvumume Whe duubububion funtion of X- We Keven a pli) «4 San of forabalidity PES) #1" -10 I) Dav oK AD KA sea ae TEL = 1 > WEVA EL = OF . lok vwok K- 1S 0 lok (Kav) -1 (kay): 0 Una) Uo") 9 a oe ken) Ke T5 PLA) mmol be negative , Ks wb [rs ii) PLO) EPL EEO) a PUKE a PLE Ds Ples 3) A ECKEHY 4 P (x= 5) DAK ADE EES Bee 1t- a. Ss (P(x 20)5 Plxs0)s0 <3- raed ~PCxso}aeteet) = Wh Yys ow © gol wy ar: o> S.4a| Nesuamne = § i = OAV Balet Sa) + 710) +16(90) 3 28 (NE) 436 lize + 4a IS +64 (Mai) ~ Big = Sey 4200 +b3a 4 WHat 275. 4 YB 4 13S O5 + 1088O -— BOY = 279A Ow ~ 30.04 . ' ; 2A A 30-04 ‘ = BYH:S\ -30.04 ~ PB: W Distdbative humdiion x20, Fo = plxe0) = BT ON Mt FLAS PlkKevy= BE =bOud mer, PV= eed + ia ca 7 ow Hod; Peds PE3)= ie = e\ Aaky, EltY> eleeny= as. D- BOR mS, FV Plyss)= a. Duty 3 Roe, EOY= Olxeb)= HA. obo Bon, P= OUEETY = B= 9196 HHS, PONE OUKS8)= BIL y oo ”Se [A scomdowmn eountyhe ” x taku Hehe Nadluaer 112 Byam” * ‘Suen alat 9-923. PLs=2) = PC x23) 8S P(Key), ” {ind Yohabibily duabdbublen , Ganmutatove Gabon, umckion XY x Sole Gatien Anat’ 9 PUKE) = aPlxadys OCKEBD= SPCKEY) Tale letes ays kK] . Pex DEK [Boxes ~e] P(xsoye KE 3 ‘ fe Pees KF, , 7 Awe Sinte = Pod): : = ) ! PLVIAPLDE CIA POI =? KakKak+ Eo: So. 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Noninnee = €(n*) ~ (ecrx)” ae er -feixee™ax -4Y 3 as zk Kite ot {es e \o~9 —_ =.Win Cowart otondom Voruahte Ras as horbabdity: Baracly wrelion | Oe) ao eae xyeh at WD p(x co}: eC Xoo) sa DPC omy. PL ae | | | | 1) ‘ foo dx: 7 ob We 6 8 ay . 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LE CxD4 EGO) EL ex) Sete aye- ape dd H€OEV4 y - 2 0) ees eye ed - OY Se Tetum" AL a a Mamdom Naxiablt chon Nao Layets) = 2 Vax CX), who a9, ae Covtanile: Prook- vor Leys € COe HD) Naty -€ (fx - e693 7) La year sd: EW) = a etyeb Y- © (Y)= w(K -E Cx) SDB. (y¥-euny>. wo (x ~e sy E(¥-ClP oe (¥- EOP Nox ty) = oh. Natx)- 7 Van (0X4) : o. Vanlx) -Notes €1x > Fe gyevat tne cM: 4 yeby ay: Addibion Thestumn of Copuetabion Stalumont © Ak Sand Y ae 40% 5 trem @LXtY)= ECVE LY): Povo We tora €CKI= Par pla , a os €y)= f wdyay By dukision COT Faw deny) ay ae ey 7 tt me flsday ds + + Sfp onagay: S(t [hewnastar vfs w( if 4eaua say -e a ww ~ {» AQ ax Jy hyde > EC) +ELY)- Elesy) (X33 ELY)-ates Thusktrn of Ce hudation : TR: Sh RY ae Amduperdink omdom Vasvaltes thm € (KY) = EOE ON1- foroeh :- By Ach ution to dn COY= fF Pry gous) ay dx “TT ey RG byl dy dF. x,¥ ae hep) do 2ys Z ap w \ =| (Bud ax), . | | [[= eo as) J a-tynay) | ~ et): EW). | ak Trager Ab ROW Y @ne namdom Vesiables auch tet | YEX, Ym ElY)ZELY)- food Giwen yc x | N-x £0 X-Y>0 E(x-y) 20 Ecey-Ety) 20 ECK) 2 E(N)- EINES EOD).i Ruobloms \ ak % Le @ Marden AJowuak Uadn xe hy thie, ; x -3 b 9 bad ECR, ELH): Plex) Ye Ma V3 Waing Wrest Joust of tohecations enolucde € (C2241). Sd ew = Ex P=) . “ead {a ]et: ze = ale E Cam) + efter bx] HHE OW) + OV4 HELD 2 Ea avaoge db = 186 + 14QQ = X04:Q- |B Your tose of Coon Lh x Le HRL yuumlr of hacks. fives Qemile eudlorres with the Coverhonaling, Nobu of X41 bby Aine Cowriling 1 derive the frebabilty jdabibubion Gb X and Wemte Caltulote the cexpwetect Nokue a Sol} LAL" be the domclorn Vewsoble Suhviatmbing the Yuvnletr | jee esd |S-No Ocktomes Naolurz of X- \- RARE 4 so THA 3 IE ATH H 3 lee WTA 3 1S: ARWT 3 6. WITT 1 ae TRATT 1 & TT AT 1 v TYTN ! lo: TTA Q Nie TAT TN 2 fn WT" T Q \ 13 wRTT Q } ae TRWT Q ; NS: WITT: o a 0 | Forom tne “Table x’ taker the Valier 041,2,3,4-tte porcbalitidiy dixtaliubion ae ia ie 8 youre '3 ou PU) Vay a EOD = ODI) ATE) Ge) fe) | = NAVARA Guan | = Bar uw | nye . AeTre Yrboliditiy ditbahublon oh somdew Vouable As giem buy, XY O , 2 3: P(y=x) OL 0-3 Dy OD fied EN) Uhow Ya PRK: a EWD= ol0-7+ 10-374 Alo-Hs Bl0-R) a ~ DKOSBE OB AOL Le — \a a ; i €E D= oo s Uo-3d4 410-494 410-4) ut 2OX OBA UG eRe ~ 3:7: LIND © ELRI4 COD eVTAS-7"3 [8h Xt lovtinuous somdom Alasuable “hasty demty | jhowdlion RO. ar et x20 4 ab ys xt them bol OAM , Nadie el y. , : I Gav ool | Oven Poe PAO Lay ae x20 | |, Maom (Y= = 7 | Y= Ov) =.¢ (42) “fe yerax lo PS va = jx (2% @*) dx. Take t=x" at -Qwudu- l pyc ety cy gaye 07 (ery ye = ace) eW - | Nosiome (= Elyd-(e Oy}? oto Ely) =] 2 poy ax ~ . Taku t= x? » A ~[ eign du. EES: “3 to - - fees at oOLet f (x) be the probability density function of a random variable X. Then GoMean of a distribution is given by w= E(x) = Jx fCowe 6 If X is defined from ato b, then | p= E(X)= J xf (x)de 3 In general, mean or expectation of any function (x) is given by B fgesy] = | Foe (iy Median. Median is the point which divides the entire distribution into two equal parts. In case of continuous distribution, median is the point which divides the total area into two equal parts. Thus if X is defined from a tob and M is the median, then M b J sae = [foees Solving for M, we get the median. 3 i Pecan Monde js he valve of x for which £(@) s matimum, Ns is thus given | yMariance Gah pect ae py OO) -[E «) | otf -wsirdr or oP = fi Pre ar- we Suppose that the variate X is defined from a'to b. Then : | c= f'(x-wryade of = feroanwe | (¥) Mean deviation, Mean deviation about the mean (1) is given by” C be— pl f(a) de ae2e™* for x>4 Ex, 1. Uf a random variable has the probability density f (x) as f (x) = 0, for x<09 find the Probabilities that it will take on a value (i) between I and 3 (ii) greater than 05, [JINTU 2001, 2006S(Set No, 4)) Solution : i) The probability that a variate takes a value between | and 3 is given by 3 3 PilsX<3)= J fepar = Joa 1 ery : = S| e-o-e% 202-68 | Gi) The probability that a variable takes a value greater than 0.5 is 5 } we PK 205) f fede fre™ ax bear os 2+ (ee!) @ eee Ex.2. If the probability density of a k(1-x?), for00.5) = he f(x) de = hs Fon det ff (x) de ae Bal as 3 (x2 3 a-yaeo=3 3h), a[6-See=22] 3 (3-04583) = 0.3125 2\3Ex. 15. If the probability density function of a random variable X is given by 2k xe for x>0 fO) = lo forxso Determine \i) k (ii) the distribution function for X Solution : (i) We have [- f(x)dr = 1 0 < , co ae wen fo Padde+ [PGdde-1 ie, 04 ff 2kxeMdr=1 ie, k f 2x de=1 ie, f£ etd'=1 (Putting x2 = 1) * 0 0 * or ker? =1 or-k@-1)=1 a k= Gi) The distribution function is F(X) = P(X0 xg 2 = o+ f te dt f e“ du (Putting 2 = u) - (oP =F pete an Rg ML l-e™ if x>0 0, otherwise Ex. 16. Suppose a.continuous random variable X has the ili it probability densit F(x) = K (1 ~2) for 0 < x < 1, and f(x) = 0 otherwise. a Find (i) K (ii) Mean (iii) Variance 5 ae ni [JNTU 2007S(Set No.1)] (i) Since the total probability is unity, fi t@aet ie, ie Fonds [ soyacs [pa)ée=1 ; 1 ie, 04 [ KO-x3)dr40=1 1 ie., (4) =1 or K(I-4) .1 0 3) "Kz iwGi) Gi) Mean of X = ie., Bb " Variance of X L xf (x) dx = ( xf (x) dx u 1 J, KU- yas =k J, ode Fa)aE)-4-O 04 bed 0 nw om R te I * = 1