AXIALLY LOADED MEMBERS

Chapter 4
Outline
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Deformation of Axially Loaded Members
• 4.3 Statically Indeterminate Structures
• 4.4 Method of Superposition
• 4.5 Thermal Deformation and Stress
• 4.6 Stresses on Inclined Planes
• 4.7 Saint-Venant’s Principle
• 4.8 Stress Concentrations
• 4.9 Ductility and Design
• 4.10 Plastic Deformation and Residual Stress
Practical Examples (Bridge members are
designed to withstand stress and deflection)
Introduction
• Chapter 2 introduced the concepts of axial
stress and deformation
• Linear strain theory is considered and so
the deflections are assumed to be small
• This chapter: Deflection analysis and
stress analysis are considered
– Hooke’s law
Deformation of axially loaded members

(a) elongation of the prismatic bar

(b) freebody diagram
Important equations
 = d/L (Geometry of deformation)

 = P/A (Equilibrium Condition)

 = E (Material behavior)

d = PL/AE (Deformation)

The product (AE) is called axial rigidity

Stepped bar with multiple loadings
Real world example
Flexibility versus stiffness

Flexibility, f

Stiffness, k
Non-uniform bars
Example of a stepped bar
Example of a tapered cone
Statically indeterminate structures

Equations of
equilibrium
alone are not
ewnough to
solve for the
unknowns in
a loaded
structure.
Example of stepped bar fixed at both ends
Superposition method
Superposition principle procedure
Thermal deformation and thermal
stresses
Example
STRESSES ON INCLINED PLANES
Saint-Venant‘s principle
STRESS CONCENTRATIONS
STRESS CONCENTRATION CHARTS