ENT Mnemonics

See Head & Neck Mnemonics Too

Oral pharangeal cancers: aetiology 6 S's:

Smoking
Spicy food
Syphilis
Spirits [booze]
Sore tooth
Sepsis
· Also bezel nuts.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: classic symptoms NOSE:

Neck mass
Obstructed nasal passage
Serous otitis media externa
Epistaxis or discharge

Ear drops: direction to pull ear when instilling ·

For an grown UP it is UP.
· For a chilD it is Down.
Sequelae of Otitis media
SCALP COST
S-SNHL
C-Cholesteatoma
A-Atelectasis
L-Learning Disability
P-Perforation of TM
C-Conductive HL
O-Ossicular Necrosis
S-Speech Impairment
T-Tympanosclerosis

Causes of SNHL.
1.Congenital
-Prenatal factors
-Paranatal factors
2.Acquired
Nike Makes FANSI TOPS
N-Noise induced HL
M-Meniere's dz
F-Familial Prog HL
A-Ac. Neuroma
N-Noise Induce HL
S-Sudden HL
I-Infections
T-Trauma to labyrinth/VIIITH nv
O-Ototoxic drugs
P-Presbyacusis
S-Systemic Dz.

D/D of membrane over tonsillitis:

M2-VIDAAL (form Widal test for Typhoid)
- Membranous tonsillitis
- Malignancy
- Vincent's angina
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Diptheria
- Apthous ulcers
- Agranulocytosis
- Ludwig's angina
- T: Trauma

indications of tympanoplasty-
ABCDES
A- age should be above 10yrs when sufficient resistance develops
B- benign (tubotympanic disease) can be corrected
C- conductive deafness can corrected
D- dry perforation gives best results
E- eustachian tube should be functioning properly
S- stapes should be mobile

contraindications of stapedectomy-(I POD)

I-Infections in ext/middle ear
P-perforation should be closed first
O-only hearing ear is a contraindication
D-deafness (sensorineural)

D/D OF ACUTE TONSILLITIS

MADI LoVe MAT
M-membranous tonsillitis
A-agranulocytosis
D-diphtheria
I-infectious mononucleosis
L-ludwig's angina
V-vincent's angina
M-malignancy
A-aphthous ulcer
T-tonsillar cleft

D/D of membrane over the tonsil

We Mainly Discuss At Length About Membrane In Tonsil
We - Vincent's angina
Mainly – Malignancy
Discuss – Diptheria
At – Agranulocytosis
Length – Leukemia
About - Apthous ulcers
Membrane - Membranous Tonsillitis
In - Infectious mononucleosis
Tonsil - Traumatic ulcer

Gradenigo's triad
EAR
E-Ear discharge
A-Abducens palsy
R-Retro orbital pain(5th nerve involved)

COMPLICATIONS FOR CANAL WALL DOWN PROCEDURES:-

3 D's
Discharge
Deafness
Dizziness

THEORIES FOR ORIGIN OF CHOLESTEATOMA:-

CRUSH-
Congenital theory
Ruedi's theory
Wittmaacks's theory(use W instead of U)
Saade's theory
Habermann's theory

Contents of middle ear cavity

MISS Toto Come To Airport
Malleus , Incus , Stapes
Tensor tympani m.
Stapedius m.
Chorda tympani n.
Tympanic plexus
Air coming from Eustachian tube

Types of chronic otitis media

SASU
Secretory otitis media
A]dhesive otitis media
Safe ( mucosal - tubotympanic)
Unsafe ( bony - attico antral)

Meneires disease
TVS
T-TINNITUS
V-VERTIGO
S-SENSORY NEURAL HEARING LOSS

Treatment of atrophic rhinitis

ATROPI In Young Girl
antibiotic spray
Teflon paste
Remove crust
Oestradial therapy
placental extact
potassium iodide
Irrigation
insert fat,cartilage
youngs operation
glucose in glycerine
girls-femae more affected

Haemoptysis: causes
CAVITATES:
CHF
Airway disease, bronchiectasis
Vasculitis/ Vascular malformations
Infection (eg TB)
Trauma
Anticoagulation
Tumour
Embolism
Stomach

5 's' abSolute indication of tonsillectomy

S-Sore throat (recurrent).
S-quinSy.
S-Suspected malignancy.
S-Seizure (febrile).
S-Speech affected due to hypertropic tonsil.

RIghT Process Must Seiz(cease) Hypertrophy

recurrent infection of throat,
peritonsillar abscess,
malignancy suspected,
tonsillitis causing febrile seizure,
hypertrophy of tonsils.

Local Causes of Epistaxis

Indians Drink FANTA
I-Infections
D-DNS
F-Foreign body
A-Atmospheric
N-Neoplasms
T-Traumatic
A-Allergic

Etiology of Submuous Fibrosis.

STAMINA
S-Socio-economic ststus
T-Tobacco
A-Areca Nuts
M-Multifactorial
I-Immmune process
N-Nutritional
A-Alcohol

Functions of Tracheostomy
VIP BAR
V-Ventilation (Improves alveolar)
I-IPPR
P-Protects the airways
B-Breathing (alternative pathway)
A-Administer Anesthesia
R-Removal of secretions|

Ear: Bones of middle ear

' MISt '
Describes the Middle ear bones from out to in:
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Alternatively, 'Mailing Includes Stamps' .

Types of DNS (Deviated Nasal Septum)

'SCAN your nose'
S-shaped deformity
C-shaped deformity
A-anterior dislocation
N-nasal spur
Tumors of Cerebellopontine angle
' Angel GAMES'
Acoustic neuroma (VIII th nerve tumor)
Glomus tumor
Arachnoid cyst
Meningioma
Epidermoid (cholesteatoma)
Schwannoma of other Crainial nerves ( V, VII ,IX,X,XI)

Auditory pathway
' E.COLI-MA'
Eighth nerve
Cochlear nuclei
Olivary complex
Lateral lemniscus
Inferior colliculus
Medial geniculate body
Auditory cortex

Tonsils: Blood supply

'Learn Fucking And Marry'
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Maxillary artery
The details of arterial supply of tonsils; each tonsil is supplied by 5 arteries.

Voice box: Components

"There are 3 Vs in your Voice box"
The structures as they appear in the sagittal section are
Vestibular fold
Ventricle
Vocal fold

Tonsils: types
"PPL (people) have tonsils"
Pharyngeal
Palatine
Lingual

Menier's disease :Features

' VAST men'
Vertigo
Aural fullness
Sensorineural hearing loss
Tinnitus
Cluster Headache: Clinical features
It is more common in males and periodicity is the hall mark of cluster head ache and the
cluster lasts days to weeks. The features can be remembered as,'CLUSTER Headache'

Complications of Tonsillitis
"Twilight IS A Really Odd Name"
T - Tonsillitis (Chronic Tonsillitis)
I - Infection (of middle ear cleft)
S – Septicaemia
A – Abscess
R – Rheumatism
O - Oedema (of the larynx)
N – Nephritis

Adductors of Vocal cord

"Add TALC"
Thyroarytenoid
Transverse Arytenoid
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Cricothyroid

Triad of Gradenigo syndrome

"EAR"
Ear discharge
Abducens nerve palsy (causes diplopia)
Retro-orbital pain (due to 5th nerve involvement)
The triad of Gradenigo syndrome includes otorrhea, retroorbital pain and abducens
nerve palsy.

Factors affecting Nasal cycle

"C.R.E.E.P.E.D"
Nasal cycle is influenced by,
Climate
Respiration
Emotions
Exercise
Posture
Endocrine factors
Drugs
Nasal cycle is the physiological cycle of congestion and decongestion occurring
alternatingly in the two nasal cavities.

Primary atrophic rhinitis: Proposed theories (Etiology)

"H.E.R.N.I.A"
Hereditary: May run in families
Endocrine: More common in young females
Racial: More common in whites
Nutritional deficiencies: Vitamin A
Infections: Chronic (klebsiella ozanae, diphtheroids)
Autoimmune
Endocrine factor: Starts at puberty and stops after menopause

Tonsillectomy: Contraindications
"A,B,C,D,E"
Active infection
Bleeding/ clotting disorders
Cervical spondylosis
Diphtheritic tonsillitis
Endemic of polio
Failure in controlling systemic diseases like hypertension, diabetes, bronchial asthma,
LRTI, etc.

Neoplasms of larynx: Causes

"TARGET"
Tobacco (Carcinogens: Benzopyrine)
Alcohol: synergistic with tobacco (Commonly in supraglottic ca.)
Radiation
Genetic- familial tendency
Environmental/ occupational- asbestos, petroleum, mustard gas, etc.
Tumors: Solitary papilloma, leucoplakia, erythroplakia, etc.

Tympanoplasty: Basics
" ABCDE'S "
Age should be >10yrs when sufficient resistance develops
Benign (tubotympanic disease) can be corrected
Conductive deafness can corrected
Dry perforation gives best results
Eustachian tube should be functioning properly
Stapes should be mobile

Sinusitis: Signs & symptoms

"PH RNTCP"
(Remember it as Peripheral Health centre for Revised National Tuberculosis Control
Programme)
Pain
Headache
Redness & edema of cheek
Nasal discharge
Tenderness
Constitutional symptoms
Postnasal discharge
Ototoxicity: Causative agents
"A+.B.C.D.E"
Aminoglycosides* (Profound and irreverible hair cell loss)
Barbiturates
Cytotoxic drugs-Nitrogen mustard & cisplatin affect Organ of corti (irreversible)
Diuretics-Ethacrynic acid, frusemide cause Ionic changes (reversible)
Etc.
*Kanamycin, neomycin & dihydrostreptomycin are cochleotoxic. Streptomycin,
gentamicin & tobramycin are vestibulotoxic.

Acute Earache: Causes

Causes of acute ear ache (otalgia):
"F.A.T.H.E.R"
Furuncle
ASOM (A/c Suppurative Otitis Media)
Trauma
Herpez zoster oticus
External otitis
Referred pain

Vertigo: Causes
" VERTIGO "
Vascular
Epilepsy
Rx with antihypertensives, tranquilisers and quinine
Tumour (acoustic neuroma), Trauma, Thyroid (hypothyroidism)
Infection (vestibular neuronitis)
Glial disease (multiple sclerosis)
Ocular

Gradenigo's syndrome: Features

" 3D's "
Diplopia (involvement of 6th cranial nerve)
Draining ear
Deep seated retro-orbital pain

Bilateral ethmoidal polyps: Causes

" Young Ashley Feeds CRACK "
Young's syndrome
Asthma
chronic Fungal sinusitis
Cystic fibrosis
chronic Rhinosinusitis
Aspirin intolerance
Churg-Strauss syndrome
Kartegener syndrome