Bibliografia Retrolavagem

Atilla Akkoyunlu. Environmental Engineering Science. November 1, 2003, 20(6): 655-

665.

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/wasteWater/Lecture
%2011.htm

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/wasteWater/index.htm

http://www.ejpau.media.pl/volume10/issue2/art-16.html

Prediction of filter expansion during backwashing

AKGIRAY Ö. (1) ; SOYER E. (2) ; YÜKSEL E. (2) ;
(1) Marmara University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental
Engineering, Goztepe 34722, Istanbul, TURQUIE
(2) Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of
Environmental Engineering, Maslak 80626, Istanbul, TURQUIE
Water science and technology: water supply ISSN 1606-9749
Résumé / Abstract
The application of the Ergun equation to predict the expansion of filter media during
backwashing is investigated. Fluidization data from the literature have been analyzed
and the values k1 =3.5t9 and k2=0.266 have been found to give a very good fit to the
data in the range of Reynolds numbers of interest in filter backwashing. An empirical
equation that is applicable over a wider range of Reynolds numbers than the Ergun
equation is also developed. New experiments have been carried out with glass spheres,
plastic spheres, silica sand, and crushed glass. The effect of particle shape on expansion
behaviour is investigated. It is found that the influence of particle shape is larger than
previously recognized. Furthemmore, the shape effect depends on the Reynolds number
based on the backwash velocity. The advantages, limitations, and range of applicability
of each method of calculation are delineated.

Expansion of Granular Filters During Backwashing. Ihsan Sholji, (Prof., Dept. of Civ.
Engrg., Fac. of Engrg. and Tech., Univ. of Jordan, Amman, Jordan) Journal of
Environmental Engineering, Vol. 113, No. 3, May/June 1987, pp. 516-531