Scotland

History:

Scottish peoples (3500BCE–9th century):

The Picts and Scotts fought against the Roman Empire, resisting its rule. The Romans
constructed Hadrian's Wall, and left England in 450. Scotland was ruled by the Picts, the
Scots, Strathclyde, and Bernicia.

Kingdom of Scotland (9th century–1707):

Benicia became the Kingdom of Northumbria and then the Scandinavian York. The Picts
united with the Scoti to form the Kingdom of Alba. Strathclyde was annexed by the Kingdom
of Alba, which would fight the Kingdom of England for the two following centuries.
Following the death of Alexander II of Scotland in 1286, Edward I of England appointed
John Balliol as the new king. Later, Edward I tried becoming king of Scotland, but William
Wallace ejected his army from Scotland. After that the English conquered Scotland. The
Scottish gained their independence in 1357. In 1371 after James III’s marriage to Margaret of
Denmark, the Orkney and Shetland islands were incorporated..

In the 16th century, the Scottish became Protestants. After the death of Elizabeth I in 1603,
her cousin James VI became King of England, Scotland, and Lord of Ireland. The Wars of the
Three Kingdoms (1639–1653) and English Civil War (1642–1651) were started by rebellions
resulting in the consolidation of England as a regional power.

United Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–present):

The Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland united into the Kingdom of Great
Britain in 1707, after a Scottish economic downfall. The Jacobite rising of 1745 was an
attempt to usurp the British throne. The Kingdom of Great Britain united with Ireland in
1801. Scotland prospered under the Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution.