Upper Chemistry

Finals Revision – Part 2

Label the diagram and identify the technique(method of separation)

A] B]

______________________________ _________________________________

C]

___________________________ _________________________________
1.________________of an element in a covalent compound is a measure of its combining power.
It is the number of ___________________ that the element can form.
2. Which elements generally have fixed valencies in covalent compounds and what are they?

Hydrogen, fluorine, - 1
Oxygen – 2
Carbon, silicon - 4

3. Name the three important elements that show variable valencies and list their common
valencies.
Nitrogen – 3, 5
Phosphorous – 3, 5
Sulfur – 2, 6

4. List any three differences between mixtures and pure substances.

Mixtures Pure substances
Made of two or more elements or two or more Made of one type of elements or one type of
compounds. compounds.

Can be separated into two or more pure Cannot be separated into two or more
substances by filtering, boiling or using a substances.
magnet.

May be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Is always homogeneous

Ex – Sea water, air, coffee, silver coins Gold, copper, salt, sugar, diamond

5. List two uses of fractional distillation.

1. Used in separation of crude oil into various products
2. Used in production of liquid nitrogen and argon gas from liquified air.
6. Classify the following into homogenous and heterogenous
 1.pure water _________________
 2.wood ____________________
 3.orange juice. _______________
 4.sugar __________________
 5.aluminium _____________
 6.strawberry jam ___________