UNDERSTANDING IN SCIENCE, COMMERCE AND scl SCLENGES ST MOUNT MARY COLLEGE 2020This book ‘UNDERSTANDING IN SCIENCE, COMMERCE AND SOCIAL SCIENCES’ publish from Mount Mary College in December, 2020. It is divided into 17 chapters in which first one chapter is related to Ethno-botany, two chapters from Sociology, four chapters from Commerce, two chapters from Economics, two chapters from Education, one chapter from History, four chapters from English, one chapter from Political Science. The various subject based write up from different sphere i.e. from humanities to science and commerce has made this book very special. The present publication is an outcome of the academic research of all departments in Mount Mary college during 2020-2021 session and expect this book shall contribute to the academic enrichment and meet the interests of academicians, professionals, researchers and students. It is written in simple language and the content of the book has been prepared as a resource material for teachers, researchers in the field of science, arts and commerce. Many books and other literatures are consulate which are mentioned under ‘References’ and we are indebted to all of them for this venture. The various issues from multidisciplinary aspect on the subject Ethno-Botany of Nath-Yogi Community of Sivasagar District, Assam, Naga Nationalist Struggle: An Analysis of the Movement in Articulating Nationalism and Factionalism, A Study on the Problems of Higher Education in Nagaland, An Analytical Study of Balance of Payment of India, Study on Information Communication Technology Awareness among the College Students, Comparative Analysis of Home Loan Provided by HDFC Ltd., Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Area: How to understand and Develop Rural Entrepreneurship, Food Habits and Lifestyles of Diabetes Patients (A Sociological Study in Dimapur, Nagaland), Formation of Balance Sheet, Perspective of Secondary Students towards E-Learning, Unemployment problem- an emerging issue in Indian Economy etc. have been included in this edited volume. =a AW SHITTY Pees 20000 FaForeword Preface Chapter-1: Chapter-2; Chapter-3: Chapter-4: Chapter-5: Chapter-6: Chapter-7: Chapter-8: Chapter-9: CONTENTS Ethno-botany of Nath-Yogi Community of Sivasagar District, Assam 11 Dr. Tarun Kumar Jana and Uttam Nath Naga Nationalist Struggle: An Analysis of the Movement in Articulating Nationalism and Factionalism 24 Imlikokba Kichu A Study on the Problems of Higher Education in Nagaland 42 Dokina Das An Analytical Study of Balance of Payment of India 50 Rosy Rengma and Chubanungsang Jamir Study on Information Communication Technology Awareness Among College Students 61 Kiboli K Zhimo Comparative Analysis of Home Loans Provided by HDFC Ltd. 68 Mridul Gurung Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Area: How to Understand and Develop Rural Entrepreneurship 72 Shilurenla Food Habits and Lifestyles of Diabetes Patients (A Sociological Study in Dimapur, Nagaland) 79 Elizabeth Perspective of Secondary Students Towards E-Learning 90 DiethonoCHAPTER 1 ETHNO-BOTANY OF NATH-YOGI COMMUNITY OF SIVASAGAR DISTRICT, ASSAM DR. TARUN KUMAR JANA! AND UTTAM NATH? ‘Principal, Mount Mary College, Chumukedima, Dimapur, Nagaland, Email [Dedr.thejana 0@yaboo.com 2Asst. Professor, Department of Botany, St. John College, Dimapur, Nagaland, Email ID: uttam@stobncollege.in ABSTRACT: An extensive ethno-botanical study on Nath-Yogi community of Sivasagar District, Assam made in 2014 provided first-hand information on folk-medicinal claims prevalent among the local populations. Over 20 medicinal taxa have been discussed, providing information on their name, botanical name, family and uses for each, The study has revealed many new and imperfectly known uses of some common medicinal plants of the area surveyed. INTRODUCTION Ethno-botany is the branch of science which brings a huge range of data regarding the appliance of plants in different aspect of ethnic life. Plants are used as source of drugs by humankind from past. The indigenous knowledge of the many traditional communities was formulated, documented and eventually became organized systems of drugs, like Ayurveda, Unani, Sidha or another systems outside India. Ethno-botanical studies help mankind to look, develop new cures to ailments. The ethno- botanical practice is predicated on belief and knowledge, andie 12 ¢ @ ETHNO-BOTANY OF NATH-YOGI COMMUNITY OF SIVASAGAR. may be a part of tradition and culture. The utilization of plants in treating ailments has been prevailing since time out of mind (Ahmed et al., 2007). India may be a country with diverse tribes and communities which enrich her vigorously within the knowledge of traditional healing because the ethnic people of the country are an excellent reservoir of lore. The demand for natural medicine is increasing day by day throughout the planet and almost 80% of the human population in developing countries relies totally on traditional, largely natural medicine to satisfy their basic healthcare needs (Farnsworth et al., 1985). In spite of the event of recent medical science, a gteater section of the society remains deeply relied on herbal medicine. It’s may be because of its quick and straightforward accessibility (Elliot ef a/, 1986). Assam is a gateway of North-East India and having rich biodiversity of herbal medicinal plants (Islam, 2000). There are sizable amount of tribal and ethnic communities in Assam and that they depend upon medicinal plant resources which are used as folklore or traditional herbal medicine for treatment of varied diseases/ailments since time immemorial, Amongst them, the folklore or lore and mode of utilization of medicinal plants is a crucial part for his or her primary health care system. Hence, the Present study is made to bring out the ethno-botanical knowledge of Nath-Yogi community of the Sivasagar district of Assam which shares a Sreater part in the de: state, MATERIALS AND METHOD: ‘mography of the Study area: Sivasagar district, formerly referred to as Sivasagat, & one among the 34 districts of Assam state in Northeast India. Sivasagar city is the administrative headquarter of this district This historic Place is additionally known for its rich biodiversitY-UNDERSTANDING IN SCIENCE, COMMERCE AND SOCIAL SCIENCES # #13 The district cov (of the entire a s a neighborhood of 2668 square kilometers ‘ea of 78438 square kilometers of Assam). The 's two sub-divisions — Sivasagar and Nazira. The district of Sivasagar lies between 26.45°N and 27.15°N latitudes and 94.25°E and 95,25°H longitudes. The environment is supportive for a large number of flora and fauna. district compris Method: The field work was carried out in the year of 2014. The information regarding the medicinal uses of plants was obtained through interviews with the local people. The investigation was conducted in two phases. First phase was conducted in the month of June and July of 2014 followed by second phase in the month of November and December of the same year. In the course of field work, the author approached the local reliable medicine men in 12 different villages viz~-Bokata Na-Nath gaon, Bokata Puroni Nath gaon, Borhat Napam gaon, Hapekhati Nath gaon, Lakwa Ronga gora gaon, Sabukdhora Nath gaon, Podumoni Nath gaon, Huntolichiga gaon, Charing Nath gaon, Telial gaon, Khamun gaon and Hafaluting Napam gaon. Each village has one or two well reputed traditional healers. Information on folk-medicinal uses of plants was obtained through ‘direct’ field interviews with traditional healers. The healer speaks Assamese. Therefore after recording the data in Assamese translated to English. Data on the common name of the plant or the crude drug, medicinal use(s) claimed, parts used were recorded for each species. All the ata recorded were confirmed from other medicine men in order to ascertain their authenticity, where ever possible. Standard method was adopted in the collection of plant materials, and preservation of plant specimens (Jain et al., 1977). A set of Voucher specimens of medicinal plants was made and therefore the specimens were prepared and identified.14 @ @ ETHNO-BOTANY OF NATH-YOGI COMMUNITY OF SIVASAGAR RESULT AND DISCUSSION: The information collected on 20 plant species is given below in an alphabetic sequence. The local name, family Dame, usefy parts and uses of each species reported are given below- 1. Acorus calamus Linn. Common name: Sweet flag Local name: Boch Family: Araceae Useful parts: Rhizome Uses: It is used to treat cough, bronchitis and skin disease. 2. Andrographis peniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. Ex Nees Common name: King of bitter Local name: Kalmegh Family: Asteraceae Useful parts: Leaves and stems Uses: It is used in the diabetes and head lice treatment of Malaria, Liver enlarged, 3. Allium sativum Linn, Common name: Garlic Vocal name: Naharu Family: |UNDERSTANDING IN SCIENCE, COMMERCE AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ¢ # 15 4, Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Common name: Margosa (Neem) Local name: Maha Neem Family: Meliaceae Useful parts: Leaf, bark and seed. Uses: It is used in the treatment of malaria, insomnia, itching, ring worm, worms in the eye and in skin disorders. It is traditionally used to treat small pox and chicken pox. The leaf and seed extractions are used as pesticide. 5. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell Common name: Brahmi/Brain tonic Local name: Brahmi Family: Serophulareace Useful parts: leaf and stem Uses: It is used in the loss of memory, nerve weakness and epilepsy. It is also used as vegetable. 6. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.)Kurz. Common name: Acid plant Local name: Pategoja/ Dupor tenga Family: Crassulaceae Useful parts: Leaves Uses: The leaf juice is used in the treatment of Kidney stone. 1. Carica papaya Linn. Common name: Papaya Local name: Amita*y 16 ¢ @ ETHNO-BOTANY OF NATH-YOGI COMMUNITY OF SIVASAGAR Family: Caricaceae Useful parts: Fruits, seeds and leaves Uses: It is used in acidity, heart burn, constipation, cholera, and piles. Seeds are used against hook worm. It is also used in abortion. The leaves and seeds are used as pesticides. It is also used as vegetable. 8. Centella asiatica (L) Urb. Common name: Indian pennywort Local name: Manimuni Family: Umbelliferae Useful parts: Leaves Uses: It is used in the loss of memory, depression and migraine. The leaf juice is us problem. It is also used as vegetable. paralysis, epilepsy, ed to treat stomach 9. Cinnamomum tamala (Buch-Ham,) Th. G.G. Nees | Common name: Indian bay leaf Local name ; Tejpat Family: Lauraceae, Useful parts: Bark and leaves, Uses Diabet Ieis used as spice, Medicinally used in the treatment of 10. Citrus limonum (Linn) Burm.f. Common hame: Round lime Local name: Gulnemu Family; RutaceaeNDING IN SCIENCE, COMMERCE AND SOCIAL SCIENCES @ 17 eaves, fruits and seeds ruits and seeds are used for the treatment of dysentery and thread worms. The fruits are preserved in salts for years and used in the treatment of dysentery and stomach problem. Leaves are as anti-vomiting medicine. 11. Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp. Common name: East Indian glory bower Local name: Nephafu. Family: Verbaceae Useful parts: Leaves Use: Leaves are used against blood pressure. The leaf juice is used to kill intestinal helminthes worms. It is also used as pesticide. 12. Curcuma longa Linn. Common name: Turmeric Local name: Haldhi Scitaminaceae Family Useful parts: Rhizome Uses: The rhizome is used in the treatment of ring worm, chronic ulcers and skin allergy. It is also used as wound healer and pain killer. In small scale farming it is also used as pesticide. 13. Drymarya cordata (Linn. Willd. Hix Schult. Common nami rt leaf drymar Local name: Laijabari Family: Caryophylls(GI COMMUNITY OF SIVASAGAR,,, TH-YOGI C yrANY OF NAV 1g 6 ETHNO BOTANY OF aves ful parts: Le: . < Useful parts: he treatment of child asthma. Ae _ Uses: It is used int 14. Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link Common name: Thumbai Local name: Duronbon/ Doolbon Family: Lamiaceae Useful parts: Leaves and tender stem Uses: It is used in the fever, stomach problem and snake bites The leaf juice is used to treat sinus problem. It is also used a vegetable. 15. Musa sapientum Linn, Common name: Banana Local name: Bhimkal Family: Musaceae ful parts: Leaves stem and fruits Uses: It is one of the mo: The fruit ig : St popular fruits among the communi specially given as food for babies. The tender ste™ 18 used as vegetable, The ¢ getable, The are used as traditional dish/pl* leaves and wrapper, It ig used as. of insomni somni a diet a patient. 16. Ocimum Sanctum (inn, Common name: Holy Basil Vaal Hames "Puls Family: Lamniaceny Usetul parts: eye 8 Uses: His use din the 4 re skin disorders, atmen| - Ihis - tl © OF cor gh ane a Mmon ¢; cou! also seed n cold and coug! as Pesticide,UNDERSTANDING IN SCIENCE, COMMERCE AND SOCIAL, 17. Phyllanthus emblica (inn. Common name: Indian gooseberry Local name: Amlakhi Family: Euphorbiaceae Useful parts: Fruits Uses: It is used to treat hair falling, epilepsy, migraine, loss of memory, anaemia and stomach ulcer. 18. Psidium guajava Linn. Common name: Guava Local name: Madhuri Family: Myrtaceae Useful parts: Leaves, stem and fruits Uses: Leaves are used for the treatment of pyorrhea. Shoot is used for the treatment of dysentery. Fruits are eaten raw. 19. Supindus mucorossi Gaertn. Common name: Soapnut Local name: Monichal/Ritha Family: Sapindaceae Useful parts: Fruit and seed U he treatment of dandruff and piles. ash hairs traditionally. fruits are used to wa t is used in t 20. Terminalia arjuna Bedd. Common name: Arjun tree Local name: ArjunNS 20. ¢ 4 PTLINO. BOTANY OF NATH YOGI COMMUNITY OF SIVASAG aR Family: Combretaceac Useful parts: Leaves and bark Usi s: Itis used in high blood pressure and heart Palpitation DP, sidinm Myjava Bryophyllum pinnat” Big ai isor ’ a Community ae © Of the trade ec traditionally used plants by NathUNDERSTANDING IN SCIENCE, COMMERCE AND SOCIAL St ENCES @@ 21 Table 1.1: Uses of different plant parts per species: SLNo | Plant Parts Total no of species i Bark 3 2 Bulb 1 3, Fruit 6 4. Leaf 15 5. Rhizome 2 6. Seed 4 7. Stem 5 @Bark mBulb mFruit mLeaf mSeed mStem m Rhizome Per species in percentage.NITY OF SIVASAGAR. INO-BOTANY OF NATH-YOGI COMMUN! 22.6 ¢ ETHNO- ble 1.2 Uses of plants for different purposes Table 1.2 Uses f plants Sino | Plants used as a no of p) i Medicine 2. Vegetable ; ! 3. Fruit | 4 Pesticide 6 Uses of plants for different purposes -LLi_ Medicine Vegetable Fruit Pesticide Fig. 1.3: Graphical Presentation of the uses of plants for different purposes, CONCLUSION: During ethno-botani of Sivasapar District, Study. All these spei for the treatment of y, » 20 plants have been taken t© ave been found as effective remedies a atious diseases, These species are als? veweula Infoenn different Purposes ike pesticides and hUNDERSTANDING IN SCIENCE, COMMERCE AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ¢@ @ 23 observations, field notes and materials gathered from local healers and farmers who have been using these plants for multiple benefits for quite a long time. The study revealed that the Nath-Yogi community used mostly the aerial parts of the plants for different purposes. The leaves are used at most with 15.42% and bulb is counted for the least with 1.3% (Fig, 1.2). Fig. 1.3 shows that all the 20 species of plants are used as traditional medicine whereas 6 of them are also used as pesticides. Study also reveals that along with their medicinal properties 6 species are used as fruits and 5 species are used as vegetables. REFERENCES Ahmed, S.M., Belal Uddin, M. & Rahman, M. Tito (2007). Medicinal plant diversity and local healthcare among the people living in and around a conservation area of Northern Bangladesh. Int. J. For. Usuf: Mngt. 8 (2): 50-63. Elliot, S. & Brimacombe, J. (1986). The Medical Plants of Gunung Leuser National Park, Indonesia. WWF, Gland, Switzerland. Farnsworth, N.R., Akerele, O. & Bingel, A.S. (1985). Medicinal plants in therapy, Bulletin of World Health Organization; 63: 965- 981. Islam M. (2000). Ethno-botany of Bark Certain Plants of North- East India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 24 (2): 419-431. Jain, S.K. and Rao, R.R. (1977). A hand book of field and herbarium methods, Today’s and Tomorrow’s Publ., New Delhi, India.